From: Chet Ramey Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2018 20:32:57 +0000 (-0500) Subject: bash-5.0-beta2 release X-Git-Tag: bash-5.0-beta2 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=2ae59c1134a75d5778997b7202b15b0586283042;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git bash-5.0-beta2 release --- diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES index bce097c40..4397bc42a 100644 --- a/CHANGES +++ b/CHANGES @@ -1,3 +1,114 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta2, and +the previous version, bash-5.0-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause a seg fault while parsing a subshell command + inside a command substitution. + +b. Fixed several small memory leaks uncovered by coverity. + +c. Fixed a problem with command substitution inside an interactive shell that + could cause the parent to receive a SIGHUP. + +d. Fixed a problem with using `*' and `@' as subscripts when assigning values + to an associative array with assoc_expand_once enabled. + +e. Fixed a bug that could cause a huge memory allocation when completing a + word beginning with an invalid tilde expansion. + +f. Cleaned up some incompatiblities with bash-4.4 when expanding indexed array + subscripts used in arithmetic expansions when assoc_expand_once is enabled. + +g. The ${parameter@a} expansion will display attributes even if `parameter' is + unset. + +h. Fixed a bug that caused the output of `set' to cut off some variables before + printing the value. + +i. Treat a failure to assign a variable when using the ${x:=value} expansion + as an expansion error, so non-interactive posix-mode shells exit + +j. Fixed a problem when expanding $* in a context where word splitting is not + performed when IFS is NULL. + +k. Temp files used to store here documents are forced readable, no matter what + the user's umask says. + +l. Fixed a problem where an interrupted brace expansion could cause the shell + to attempt to free an invalid memory location. + +m. Make sure to check for any terminating signals after running a trap + handler; don't wait until the next time we process traps. + +n. Fixed a bug that caused "return" to act like a special builtin with respect + to variable assignments even when preceded by "command". + +o. POSIX-mode shells now return failure if the cd builtin fails due to the + absolute directory name being longer than PATH_MAX, instead of trying + again with a relative pathname. + +p. Fixed a problem with FUNCNAME occasionally being visible when not executing + a shell function. + +q. Fixed a problem with the expansions performed on the WORD in the case + command. + +r. Fixed a slight POSIX compatibility when removing "IFS whitespace" during + word splitting and the read builtin. + +s. Fixed a problem with expanding an array with subscript `*' when all the + elements expand to the empty string, and making sure the expansion honors + the `:' specifier. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug with adding multibyte characters to an incremental search string. + +b. Fixed a bug with redoing text insertions in vi mode. + +c. Fixed a bug with pasting text into an incremental search string if bracketed + paste mode is enabled. ESC cannot be one of the incremental search + terminator characters for this to work. + +d. Fixed a bug with anchored search patterns when performing searches in vi + mode. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Associative and indexed arrays now allow subscripts consisting solely of + whitespace. + +b. `checkwinsize' is now enabled by default. + +c. The `localvar_unset' shopt option is now visible and documented. + +d. The `progcomp_alias' shopt option is now visible and documented. + +e. The signal name processing code now understands `SIGRTMIN+n' all the way + up to SIGRTMAX. + +f. There is a new `seq' loadable builtin. + +g. Trap execution now honors the (internal) max invocations of `eval', since + traps are supposed to be executed as if using `eval'. + +h. The $_ variable doesn't change when the shell executes a command that forks. + +i. The `kill' builtin now supports -sSIGNAME and -nSIGNUM, even though + conforming applications aren't supposed to use them. + +j. POSIX mode now enables the `shift_verbose' option. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Readline now allows application-defined keymap names; there is a new public + function, rl_set_keymap_name(), to do that. + +b. The "Insert" keypad key, if available, now puts readline into overwrite + mode. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta, and the previous version, bash-5.0-alpha. diff --git a/CWRU/changelog b/CWRU/changelog index 9f00b946e..1bd376c8b 100644 --- a/CWRU/changelog +++ b/CWRU/changelog @@ -4303,3 +4303,462 @@ configure.ac - openbsd needs DEV_FD_STAT_BROKEN defined [bash-5.0-beta frozen] + + 9/11 + ---- +builtins/exec.def + - exec_builtin: make sure to sync the buffered stream where bash is + reading input (especially if it's fd 0) so a command exec'd by the + script can read the rest of stdin after the exec + + 9/15 + ---- +lib/readline/histexpand.c + - history_tokenize_internal: if the event contains embedded newlines + (e.g., bash with command-oriented history and lithist), use them as + word delimiters, equivalent to space and tab, so they don't end up + as separate words. Fixes issue pointed out by Viktor Dukhovni + + - history_tokenize_word: don't break if we get a newline (though we + shouldn't get one due to the loop in history_tokenize_internal + - history_expand_internal: use newline as a whitespace character when + expanding by words, as we do with history_tokenize_internal + +jobs.h + - J_PIPEFAIL: new flag for `flags' element of job struct + +jobs.c + - stop_pipeline: if pipefail_opt set, newjob gets J_PIPEFAIL in its + flags word + - raw_job_exit_status: use J_PIPEFAIL (setting of pipefail when job + created) instead of current setting of pipefail status to determine + how to compute exit status of pipeline. Tentative implementation of + Posix proposal + +expr.c + - exp0: don't call expr_bind_variable with a NULL string. Fixes + fuzzing bug reported by Eduardo Bustamante + - expr_bind_variable: don't try to do anything with a NULL or empty + LHS + + 9/16 + ---- +lib/readline/undo.c + - rl_do_undo: before we release the undo list entry we've just + processed, make sure we avoid any pointer aliasing issues caused + by having the entry being removed as part of the undo list in + _rl_saved_line_for_history. Fixes fuzzing bug reported by + Eduardo Bustamante + + 9/17 + ---- +[bash-5.0-beta released] + + 9/18 + ---- +lib/readline/bind.c + - name_and_keymap: new struct for keymap names and maps + - builtin_keymap_names: static array of builtin keymap names and + maps; preparing for allowing applications to set the names of + keymaps they create; keymap_names is initially a pointer to + this array + - _rl_get_keymap_by_name,_rl_get_keymap_by_map: new functions for + searching the keymap_names array and returning an index + - rl_get_keymap_by_name, rl_get_keymap_name: rewritten in terms of + new functions above + - rl_set_keymap_name (char *name, Keymap map): new function, set + name of MAP to NAME. NAME must not be builtin; MAP must not be one + of the builtin keymaps. Request and initial implementation from + Tom Tromey + +lib/readline/readline.h + - rl_set_keymap_name: new extern declaration for new public function + +lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi + - rl_set_keymap_name: add documentation + +lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi + - add text to `set keymap' description to note that applications + can add keymap names that can be used there + + 9/20 + ---- +parse.y + - shell_getc: don't execute the alias hack (returning a space at the + end of the string) if we are parsing a command substitution that + starts with a double paren (subshell inside a comsub), in which + case the flags are PSH_DPAREN. Fixes fuzzing bug reported by + Eduardo Bustamante + +lib/readline/isearch.c + - _rl_isearch_dispatch: default case: make sure we check multibyte + char length when deciding whether to enlarge the search string + buffer, instead of using the old assumption. Fixes fuzzing bug + reported by Eduardo Bustamante + +builtins/fc.def,execute_cmd.c + - fixed some missing free()s uncovered by coverity. Report from + Siteshwar Vashisht + +lib/glob/glob.c + - glob_vector: make sure name_vector is initialized to NULL + +lib/sh/{pathcanon,pathphys}.c + - {pathcanon,pathphys}: use memmove instead of strcpy on a possibly- + overlapping region of memory + +subst.c + - parameter_list_transform: make sure to dispose the word list in all + cases before returning + - parameter_brace_expand_rhs: make sure t1 is freed before returning + due to an invalid name resulting from an indirect expansion + +support/man2html.c + - fixed a couple of memory leaks + + 9/21 + ---- +subst.c + - process_substitute: if we are part of a job control process chain + (pipeline_pgrp != shell_pgrp), have the child shell forked to run + the process substitution set pipeline_pgrp to its own PID, + effectively becoming a process group leader without changing + its own process group. Fixes stray SIGHUP issue reported by + Jeremy Townshend + + 9/23 + ---- +arrayfunc.c + - assign_array_element: if we are assigning to an existing associative + array, and assoc_expand_once is set, allow `*' and `@' as subscripts. + Partial fix for report from Grisha Levit + +variables.c + - bind_int_variable: if valid_array_reference (lhs) is not true, + make sure that the lhs is a valid identifier before assigning the + value + +arrayfunc.c + - valid_array_reference: allow blank subscripts. They are treated as + `normal' keys for associative arrays and evaluate to 0 for indexed + arrays. More of fix for report from Grisha Levit + + + 9/24 + ---- +bashline.c + - restore_tilde: if the expanded length (xl) is longer than vl + we end up requesting a negative amount of memory (an extremely + large unsigned number). Just punt and return val in this case. + Fuzzing bug reported by Eduardo Bustamante + - restore_tilde: make sure we return what the user typed if tilde + expansion fails + + 9/29 + ---- +builtins/shopt.def + - uncomment `localvar_unset' option definition + +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - document `localvar_unset' shell option + +arrayfunc.c + - valid_array_reference: if we are parsing a subscript for an existing + associative array, the `assoc_expand_once' option is set, and the + VA_ONEWORD flag is set in FLAGS (meaning there should be nothing + following the closing `]'), don't call skipsubscript to find the + closing `]', use one that is at the end of the word. Part of fix for + issue reported by Grisha Levit + +builtins/{printf,set}.def + - pass VA_ONEWORD as part of flags value everywhere valid_array_reference + is used + +config-top.h + - CHECKWINSIZE_DEFAULT: now 1, so check_window_size is on by default + - HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT: new define, allows builder to enable or disable + history expansion by default at build time + +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - checkwinsize: document new default value + +bashhist.h + - HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT: don't define if it's already defined. Strict + POSIX mode continues to default to off + + 9/30 + ---- +lib/readline/input.c + - win32_isatty: win32-specific changes from GDB. Patch submitted by + Tom Tromey , originally from Eli Zaretskii + + + 10/1 + ---- +lib/readline/vi_mode.c + - rl_vi_start_inserting: start an undo group so we can grab the text + inserted here as a single unit, avoiding any insert coalescing + performed by rl_insert_text. Report and fix from Richard Todd + + + 10/3 + ---- +subst.c + - parameter_brace_transform: if we're asked to display the attributes + of an unset variable, check that the variable exists even if + get_var_and_type returns NULL (it checks invisible_p). Requested by + Michal Pesa + +lib/readline/kill.c + - _rl_bracketed_text: new function, collects the text pasted in + bracketed paste mode and consumes the bracketed paste end marker; + returns the pasted text and its length + - rl_bracketed_paste_begin: call _rl_bracketed_text to collect the + text + +lib/readline/isearch.c + - _rl_isearch_dispatch: set cxt->lastc to -7 if the input resolves to + rl_bracketed_paste_begin + - _rl_isearch_dispatch: if cxt->lastc == -7, call _rl_bracketed_text + to collect the pasted text and add it to the accumulating search + string. Only works if ESC is not one of the isearch terminators. + Fixes issue reported in Debian bug report 891780, + https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=891780 + + 10/5 + ---- +variables.c + - push_posix_tempvar_internal: new function, body of push_func_var + with additional argument saying whether it's being called from a + function or (special) builtin code path + - push_builtin_var: new function, calls push_posix_tempvar_internal + with second argument indicating builtin code path + - push_func_var: now a stub that calls push_posix_tempvar_internal + with second argument indicating function code path + - pop_scope: if called from a special builtin, call push_builtin_var + instead of push_func_var to do the right variable propagation + +builtins/shopt.def + - progcomp_alias: uncomment, make available to users + +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi + - progcomp_alias: document shopt option, describe its use in + the section on programmable completion + +trap.c + - decode_signal: handle SIGRTMIN+n at runtime, with the `SIG' prefix + or without, case-insensitively if requested, and return SIGRTMIN+n. + These values could be different than what was available at compile + time. Report and patch from Rasmus Villemoes + + 10/8 + ---- +execute_cmd.c + - execute_command_internal: only set line_number from command->value.Subshell + if the type == cm_subshell; otherwise defer and set later + + 10/10 + ----- +examples/loadables/seq.c + - seq: new loadable builtin, derived originally from coreutils:seq.c + but with very little of that code remaining + + 10/12 + ----- +trap.c + - run_pending_traps,_run_trap_internal: honor evalnest_max and + increment/decrement evalnest accordingly, since trap actions + are processed as if run by `eval'. Feature suggsted by Mike + Gerwitz + + 10/16 + ----- +expr.c + - expr_skipsubscript: new function, calls skipsubscript with flags + similar to arrayfunc.c:valid_array_subscript if assoc_expand_once + is set and it looks like we've already expanded the subscript of + an associative array. Reported back on 8/27 by Grisha Levit + + - readtok: call expr_skipsubscript instead of skipsubscript + +arrayfunc.c + - valid_array_reference: call skipsubscript with a third arg computed + from the VA_NOEXPAND flag only if we're expanding an associative + array subscript -- we already figure out whether or not we are + +[bumped release status to beta2] + + 10/20 + ----- +builtins/setattr.def + - set_or_show_attributes: after isolating NAME, make sure to restore + the "[+]=" in case we need the word later. Issue pointed out by + Grisha Levit + + 10/21 + ----- +lib/readline/search.c + - noninc_search_from_pos: if we are supposed to be searching for a + pattern (vi mode), make sure to pass S to _hs_history_patsearch, + since that has any leading `^' stripped + +lib/readline/histsearch.c + - _hs_history_patsearch: if the search isn't anchored, put a `*' at + the beginning to force fnmatch to match anywhere in the line (could + look at this later to make a change to history_search_internal that + would avoid the need to add the leading `*') + +subst.c + - parameter_brace_expand_rhs: treat a failure to assign a variable with + a ${param:=value} expansion as an expansion error, and, in a non- + interactive posix-mode shell, exit the shell + - param_expand: don't set W_SPLITSPACE for $* unless IFS is NULL; + consistent with other uses of W_SPLITSPACE + + 10/22 + ----- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - tweak description of bash conditional expressions to note that the + test and [ commands determine their behavior based on the number of + arguments. Suggested by Ilkka Virta + + 10/24 + ----- +execute_cmd.c + - execute_simple_command: don't set $_ to NULL when executing a + command that forks; just leave it unchanged. Tweaked the documentation + slightly as a result. Inspired by report from Ricky Tigg + + + 10/28 + ----- +redir.c + - here_document_to_fd: make sure the temp files used to store here + documents are readable (and writable, where necessary) by the user. + This can happen in the unlikely case that someone decides to shoot + himself in the foot by setting the umask to 400. Issue originally + raised back in March by Stephane Chazelas + ; fix inspired by Martijn Dekker + + + 10/29 + ----- +lib/readline/terminal.c + - bind_termcap_arrow_keys: bind the "kI" capability (what the Insert + keypad key outputs) to overwrite mode. Patch from Xose Vazquez Perez + + + 10/30 + ----- +braces.c + - mkseq: make sure to terminate result array before passing it to + strvec_dispose on an interrupt. Report and fix from Corbin Souffrant + + + 11/6 + ---- +trap.c + - _run_trap_internal: if the signal shows up as SIG_CHANGED after + running the trap handler, check for terminating signals and run any + terminating signal handler indicates. Fixes issue reported by + Owen Stephens + + 11/7 + ---- +execute_cmd.c + - execute_builtin: don't merge the temporary environment when the + `return' builtin is being executed if it's being executed by the + `command' builtin, since that's supposed to inhibit the special + builtin properties. Part of POSIX conformance problems reported + by Martin Rehak + +builtins/cd.def + - bindpwd: if canonicalization fails when -P is specified (e.g. if the + directory name length exceeds PATH_MAX), reset dirname ($PWD value) = + to the_current_working_directory (Posix cd description, step 10.) + Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak + + +builtins/kill.def + - kill_builtin: support -sSIG and -nSIG without requiring them to be + separate arguments. POSIX says a "conforming implementation" should + accept them. + Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak + + + 11/8 + ---- +arrayfunc.c + - array_value_internal: return NULL for invisible array variables. + Fixes issue with FUNCNAME sometimes returning invalid value reported + by Great Big Dot + +builtins/cd.def + - change_to_directory: if we are in posix mode, and the chdir to the + absolute pathname ($PWD/dirname) fails, return an error without + trying to use just `dirname' (posix cd step 10). + Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak + + +execute_cmd.c + - execute_case_command: use expand_word_leave_quoted to expand the + word, then dequote the resulting string. This performs the + expansions in the order posix specifies. + Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak + + +subst.c + - expand_word_unsplit: rewrite in terms of expand_word_leave_quoted + - ifs_whitespace: new macro, Posix ifs whitespace (ISSPACE; member + of current locale's space char class) + - ifs_whitesep: new macro, whitespace that is a member of $IFS; used + by list_string and get_word_from_string + - list_string: use ifs_whitesep instead of spctabnl in case $IFS + contains whitespace characters that are not space, tab, or newline + - get_word_from_string: use ifs_whitesep instead of spctabnl in case + $IFS contains whitespace characters that are not space, tab, or + newline. + Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak + + + 11/9 + ---- +general.c + - posix_initialize: enable the shift_verbose option when turning on + posix mode, and disable it when posix mode is disabled. From a + report by Eric Blake + +doc/bashref.texi + - posix mode: note the effect of posix mode on shift_verbose + + 11/12 + ----- +subst.c + - parameter_brace_expand: if parameter_brace_expand_word returns an + error, make sure to set TEMP = 0 (to note that the variable is unset). + From a report by Grisha Levit + - param_expand: if expanding $! when set -u is enabled, honor the + PF_IGNUNBOUND flag and just return NULL, relying on the caller to + take care of understanding that the variable is unset + From a report by Grisha Levit + - parameter_brace_expand: if we are checking nullness, and we have a + valid array expansion, a quoted null string resulting from the array + expansion of a * or @ subscript satisfies the nullness check. + From a report by Grisha Levit + + 11/14 + ----- +aclocal.m4 + - BASH_CHECK_LIB_TERMCAP: add last-ditch check for libncursesw, since + it's apparently the only curses library on some distributions. + Report from John Frankish + + 11/16 + ----- +bashline.c + - attempt_shell_completion: allow an initial word completion to + complete a partial first word (point appears in the middle of + the word) before resorting to command completion. Report and fix + from Luca Boccassi + +[bash-5.0-beta2 frozen] diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 2b267561b..77edcbc1c 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -675,6 +675,7 @@ examples/loadables/necho.c f examples/loadables/hello.c f examples/loadables/print.c f examples/loadables/realpath.c f +examples/loadables/seq.c f examples/loadables/setpgid.c f examples/loadables/sleep.c f examples/loadables/strftime.c f @@ -870,6 +871,7 @@ tests/array23.sub f tests/array24.sub f tests/array25.sub f tests/array26.sub f +tests/array27.sub f tests/array-at-star f tests/array2.right f tests/assoc.tests f @@ -910,6 +912,7 @@ tests/case.right f tests/case1.sub f tests/case2.sub f tests/case3.sub f +tests/case4.sub f tests/casemod.tests f tests/casemod.right f tests/comsub.tests f diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 1ef109f36..9e4570b2a 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -110,6 +110,30 @@ gg. The localvar_inherit option will not attempt to inherit a value from a hh. The `globasciiranges' option is now enabled by default; it can be set to off by default at configuration time. +ii. Associative and indexed arrays now allow subscripts consisting solely of + whitespace. + +jj. `checkwinsize' is now enabled by default. + +kk. The `localvar_unset' shopt option is now visible and documented. + +ll. The `progcomp_alias' shopt option is now visible and documented. + +mm. The signal name processing code now understands `SIGRTMIN+n' all the way + up to SIGRTMAX. + +nn. There is a new `seq' loadable builtin. + +oo. Trap execution now honors the (internal) max invocations of `eval', since + traps are supposed to be executed as if using `eval'. + +pp. The $_ variable doesn't change when the shell executes a command that forks. + +qq. The `kill' builtin now supports -sSIGNAME and -nSIGNUM, even though + conforming applications aren't supposed to use them. + +rr. POSIX mode now enables the `shift_verbose' option. + 2. New Features in Readline a. Non-incremental vi-mode search (`N', `n') can search for a shell pattern, as @@ -145,6 +169,12 @@ i. The history library has a new variable that allows applications to set the initial quoting state, so quoting state can be inherited from a previous line. +j. Readline now allows application-defined keymap names; there is a new public + function, rl_set_keymap_name(), to do that. + +k. The "Insert" keypad key, if available, now puts readline into overwrite + mode. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.4 since the release of bash-4.3. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is diff --git a/POSIX b/POSIX index 67d8ddf89..f3f4a0b7e 100644 --- a/POSIX +++ b/POSIX @@ -169,56 +169,66 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash clears the '-e' option in such subshells. - 44. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' + option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of + positional parameters will result in an error message. + + 45. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is supplied. - 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 47. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname + 48. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode. - 48. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 49. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length + of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name + supplied as an argument exceeds PATH_MAX when all symbolic links + are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the + supplied directory name. + + 50. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the '-P' option. - 49. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 51. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 50. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 52. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. - 51. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 53. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. - 52. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when + 54. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and '$EDITOR'. - 53. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 55. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 54. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' + 56. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' and '-f' options. - 55. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not + 57. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 56. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 58. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 57. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + 59. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it. There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default diff --git a/aclocal.m4 b/aclocal.m4 index 6ed03e10b..76dc9bc9c 100644 --- a/aclocal.m4 +++ b/aclocal.m4 @@ -962,7 +962,8 @@ AC_CACHE_VAL(bash_cv_termcap_lib, [AC_CHECK_LIB(tinfo, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtinfo, [AC_CHECK_LIB(curses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libcurses, [AC_CHECK_LIB(ncurses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses, - bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap)])])])])]) + [AC_CHECK_LIB(ncursesw, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncursesw, + bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap)])])])])])]) if test "X$_bash_needmsg" = "Xyes"; then AC_MSG_CHECKING(which library has the termcap functions) fi @@ -1852,7 +1853,7 @@ main() ], ac_cv_rl_version=`cat conftest.rlv`, ac_cv_rl_version='0.0', -ac_cv_rl_version='7.0')]) +ac_cv_rl_version='8.0')]) CFLAGS="$_save_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$_save_LDFLAGS" diff --git a/arrayfunc.c b/arrayfunc.c index e3700dd3e..e4ae34d05 100644 --- a/arrayfunc.c +++ b/arrayfunc.c @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ assign_array_element (name, value, flags) int flags; { char *sub, *vname; - int sublen; + int sublen, isassoc; SHELL_VAR *entry; vname = array_variable_name (name, (flags & ASS_NOEXPAND) != 0, &sub, &sublen); @@ -291,14 +291,16 @@ assign_array_element (name, value, flags) if (vname == 0) return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL); - if ((ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (sub[0]) && sub[1] == ']') || (sublen <= 1)) + entry = find_variable (vname); + isassoc = entry && assoc_p (entry); + + if (((isassoc == 0 || (flags & ASS_NOEXPAND) == 0) && (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (sub[0]) && sub[1] == ']')) || (sublen <= 1)) { free (vname); err_badarraysub (name); return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL); } - entry = find_variable (vname); entry = assign_array_element_internal (entry, name, vname, sub, sublen, value, flags); free (vname); @@ -777,7 +779,7 @@ unbind_array_element (var, sub, flags) char *akey; ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; - len = skipsubscript (sub, 0, (flags&1) || (var && assoc_p(var))); + len = skipsubscript (sub, 0, (flags&1) || (var && assoc_p(var))); /* XXX */ if (sub[len] != ']' || len == 0) { builtin_error ("%s[%s: %s", var->name, sub, _(bash_badsub_errmsg)); @@ -888,31 +890,43 @@ print_assoc_assignment (var, quoted) /***********************************************************************/ /* Return 1 if NAME is a properly-formed array reference v[sub]. */ + +/* We need to reserve 1 for FLAGS, which we pass to skipsubscript. */ int valid_array_reference (name, flags) const char *name; int flags; { char *t; - int r, len; + int r, len, isassoc; + SHELL_VAR *entry; t = mbschr (name, '['); /* ] */ + isassoc = 0; if (t) { *t = '\0'; r = legal_identifier (name); + if (flags & VA_NOEXPAND) /* Don't waste a lookup if we don't need one */ + isassoc = (entry = find_variable (name)) && assoc_p (entry); *t = '['; if (r == 0) return 0; - /* Check for a properly-terminated non-null subscript. */ - len = skipsubscript (t, 0, flags); - if (t[len] != ']' || len == 1) - return 0; - if (t[len+1] != '\0') + + if (isassoc && ((flags & (VA_NOEXPAND|VA_ONEWORD)) == (VA_NOEXPAND|VA_ONEWORD))) + len = strlen (t) - 1; + else if (isassoc) + len = skipsubscript (t, 0, flags&VA_NOEXPAND); /* VA_NOEXPAND must be 1 */ + else + /* Check for a properly-terminated non-null subscript. */ + len = skipsubscript (t, 0, 0); /* arithmetic expression */ + + if (t[len] != ']' || len == 1 || t[len+1] != '\0') return 0; -#if 1 + +#if 0 /* Could check and allow subscripts consisting only of whitespace for - existing associative arrays. */ + existing associative arrays, using isassoc */ for (r = 1; r < len; r++) if (whitespace (t[r]) == 0) return 1; @@ -940,7 +954,7 @@ array_expand_index (var, s, len, flags) exp = (char *)xmalloc (len); strncpy (exp, s, len - 1); exp[len - 1] = '\0'; -#if 0 /* XXX - not yet -- maybe bash-5.0 */ +#if 0 /* XXX - not yet -- maybe bash-5.1 */ if ((flags & AV_NOEXPAND) == 0) t = expand_arith_string (exp, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_ARITH|Q_ARRAYSUB); /* XXX - Q_ARRAYSUB for future use */ else @@ -1093,6 +1107,8 @@ array_value_internal (s, quoted, flags, rtype, indp) } else if (var == 0 || value_cell (var) == 0) /* XXX - check for invisible_p(var) ? */ return ((char *)NULL); + else if (invisible_p (var)) + return ((char *)NULL); else if (array_p (var) == 0 && assoc_p (var) == 0) l = add_string_to_list (value_cell (var), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); else if (assoc_p (var)) @@ -1117,7 +1133,6 @@ array_value_internal (s, quoted, flags, rtype, indp) free (temp); } else /* ${name[@]} or unquoted ${name[*]} */ - /* XXX - bash-4.4/bash-5.0 test AV_ASSIGNRHS and pass PF_ASSIGNRHS */ retval = string_list_dollar_at (l, quoted, (flags & AV_ASSIGNRHS) ? PF_ASSIGNRHS : 0); dispose_words (l); @@ -1165,6 +1180,11 @@ array_value_internal (s, quoted, flags, rtype, indp) FREE (akey); return ((char *)NULL); } + else if (invisible_p (var)) + { + FREE (akey); + return ((char *)NULL); + } if (array_p (var) == 0 && assoc_p (var) == 0) return (ind == 0 ? value_cell (var) : (char *)NULL); else if (assoc_p (var)) diff --git a/arrayfunc.h b/arrayfunc.h index 199c8127e..cd51ee073 100644 --- a/arrayfunc.h +++ b/arrayfunc.h @@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ extern int array_expand_once; #define AV_ASSIGNRHS 0x010 /* no splitting, special case ${a[@]} */ #define AV_NOEXPAND 0x020 /* don't run assoc subscripts through word expansion */ +/* Flags for valid_array_reference. Value 1 is reserved for skipsubscript() */ +#define VA_NOEXPAND 0x001 +#define VA_ONEWORD 0x002 + extern SHELL_VAR *convert_var_to_array __P((SHELL_VAR *)); extern SHELL_VAR *convert_var_to_assoc __P((SHELL_VAR *)); @@ -83,6 +87,8 @@ extern SHELL_VAR *array_variable_part __P((const char *, int, char **, int *)); #define AV_USEIND 0 #define AV_ASSIGNRHS 0 +#define VA_ONEWORD 0 + #endif #endif /* !_ARRAYFUNC_H_ */ diff --git a/bashhist.h b/bashhist.h index 128b36f95..90ecec9e9 100644 --- a/bashhist.h +++ b/bashhist.h @@ -31,9 +31,12 @@ #define HC_IGNBOTH (HC_IGNSPACE|HC_IGNDUPS) #if defined (STRICT_POSIX) +# undef HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT # define HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT 0 #else -# define HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT 1 +# if !defined (HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT) +# define HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT 1 +# endif /* !HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT */ #endif extern int remember_on_history; diff --git a/bashline.c b/bashline.c index 2b080197e..d56cd79db 100644 --- a/bashline.c +++ b/bashline.c @@ -1581,7 +1581,9 @@ attempt_shell_completion (text, start, end) { prog_complete_matches = programmable_completions (n, text, s, e, &foundcs); /* command completion if programmable completion fails */ - in_command_position = s == start && STREQ (n, text); /* XXX */ + /* If we have a completion for the initial word, we can prefer that */ + in_command_position = s == start && (iw_compspec || STREQ (n, text)); /* XXX */ + foundcs = foundcs && (iw_compspec == 0); } /* empty command name following command separator */ else if (s >= e && n[0] == '\0' && text[0] == '\0' && start > 0 && @@ -2988,7 +2990,7 @@ restore_tilde (val, directory_part) char *val, *directory_part; { int l, vl, dl2, xl; - char *dh2, *expdir, *ret; + char *dh2, *expdir, *ret, *v; vl = strlen (val); @@ -3000,6 +3002,22 @@ restore_tilde (val, directory_part) expdir = bash_tilde_expand (directory_part, 0); xl = strlen (expdir); + if (*directory_part == '~' && STREQ (directory_part, expdir)) + { + /* tilde expansion failed, so what should we return? we use what the + user typed. */ + v = mbschr (val, '/'); + vl = STRLEN (v); + ret = (char *)xmalloc (xl + vl + 2); + strcpy (ret, directory_part); + if (v && *v) + strcpy (ret + xl, v); + + free (dh2); + free (expdir); + + return ret; + } free (expdir); /* @@ -3010,6 +3028,11 @@ restore_tilde (val, directory_part) l = length of remainder after tilde-prefix */ l = (vl - xl) + 1; + if (l <= 0) + { + free (dh2); + return (savestring (val)); /* XXX - just punt */ + } ret = (char *)xmalloc (dl2 + 2 + l); strcpy (ret, dh2); diff --git a/braces.c b/braces.c index 2a255c781..485de369f 100644 --- a/braces.c +++ b/braces.c @@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ mkseq (start, end, incr, type, width) #if defined (SHELL) if (ISINTERRUPT) { + result[i] = (char *)NULL; strvec_dispose (result); result = (char **)NULL; } diff --git a/builtins/cd.def b/builtins/cd.def index 8cc430863..fe75b57f1 100644 --- a/builtins/cd.def +++ b/builtins/cd.def @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ bindpwd (no_symlinks) int no_symlinks; { char *dirname, *pwdvar; - int old_anm, r; + int old_anm, r, canon_failed; SHELL_VAR *tvar; r = sh_chkwrite (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); @@ -148,6 +148,13 @@ bindpwd (no_symlinks) : get_working_directory ("cd"); #undef tcwd + /* If canonicalization fails, reset dirname to the_current_working_directory */ + if (dirname == 0) + { + canon_failed = 1; + dirname = the_current_working_directory; + } + old_anm = array_needs_making; pwdvar = get_string_value ("PWD"); @@ -163,7 +170,7 @@ bindpwd (no_symlinks) if (setpwd (dirname) == EXECUTION_FAILURE) r = EXECUTION_FAILURE; - if (dirname == 0 && eflag) + if (canon_failed && eflag) r = EXECUTION_FAILURE; if (dirname && dirname != the_current_working_directory) @@ -580,7 +587,11 @@ change_to_directory (newdir, nolinks, xattr) /* In POSIX mode, if we're resolving symlinks logically and sh_canonpath returns NULL (because it checks the path, it will return NULL if the resolved path doesn't exist), fail immediately. */ +#if defined (ENAMETOOLONG) if (posixly_correct && nolinks == 0 && canon_failed && (errno != ENAMETOOLONG || ndlen > PATH_MAX)) +#else + if (posixly_correct && nolinks == 0 && canon_failed && ndlen > PATH_MAX) +#endif { #if defined ENAMETOOLONG if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENAMETOOLONG) @@ -650,8 +661,9 @@ change_to_directory (newdir, nolinks, xattr) /* We're not in physical mode (nolinks == 0), but we failed to change to the canonicalized directory name (TDIR). Try what the user passed - verbatim. If we succeed, reinitialize the_current_working_directory. */ - if (chdir (newdir) == 0) + verbatim. If we succeed, reinitialize the_current_working_directory. + POSIX requires that we just fail here, so we do in posix mode. */ + if (posixly_correct == 0 && chdir (newdir) == 0) { t = resetpwd ("cd"); if (t == 0) diff --git a/builtins/common.h b/builtins/common.h index 049192a6c..f0687640d 100644 --- a/builtins/common.h +++ b/builtins/common.h @@ -230,6 +230,9 @@ extern int loop_level; /* variables from read.def */ extern int sigalrm_seen; +/* variables from shift.def */ +extern int print_shift_error; + /* variables from source.def */ extern int source_searches_cwd; extern int source_uses_path; diff --git a/builtins/exec.def b/builtins/exec.def index 4bf51d9da..d4670673c 100644 --- a/builtins/exec.def +++ b/builtins/exec.def @@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ $END #endif #include "common.h" #include "bashgetopt.h" +#include "input.h" /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) @@ -221,6 +222,11 @@ exec_builtin (list) default_tty_job_signals (); /* undo initialize_job_signals */ #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ +#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) + if (default_buffered_input >= 0) + sync_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input); +#endif + exit_value = shell_execve (command, args, env); /* We have to set this to NULL because shell_execve has called realloc() diff --git a/builtins/fc.def b/builtins/fc.def index da0f0bcb6..62a28c4c5 100644 --- a/builtins/fc.def +++ b/builtins/fc.def @@ -419,6 +419,7 @@ fc_builtin (list) { sh_wrerror (); fclose (stream); + FREE (fn); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } fclose (stream); diff --git a/builtins/kill.def b/builtins/kill.def index ad4e5bbb9..8d6e3ed12 100644 --- a/builtins/kill.def +++ b/builtins/kill.def @@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ kill_builtin (list) if (list) { sigspec = list->word->word; +use_sigspec: if (sigspec[0] == '0' && sigspec[1] == '\0') sig = 0; else @@ -131,6 +132,16 @@ kill_builtin (list) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } + else if (word[0] == '-' && word[1] == 's' && ISALPHA (word[2])) + { + sigspec = word + 2; + goto use_sigspec; + } + else if (word[0] == '-' && word[1] == 'n' && ISDIGIT (word[2])) + { + sigspec = word + 2; + goto use_sigspec; + } else if (ISOPTION (word, '-')) { list = list->next; diff --git a/builtins/printf.def b/builtins/printf.def index 1f76c25f7..bc6ef57de 100644 --- a/builtins/printf.def +++ b/builtins/printf.def @@ -247,6 +247,9 @@ printf_builtin (list) char mbch[25]; /* 25 > MB_LEN_MAX, plus can handle 4-byte UTF-8 and large Unicode characters*/ int mbind, mblen; #endif +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + int arrayflags; +#endif conversion_error = 0; retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; @@ -261,7 +264,8 @@ printf_builtin (list) case 'v': vname = list_optarg; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) - if (legal_identifier (vname) || valid_array_reference (vname, assoc_expand_once)) + arrayflags = assoc_expand_once ? (VA_NOEXPAND|VA_ONEWORD) : 0; + if (legal_identifier (vname) || valid_array_reference (vname, arrayflags)) #else if (legal_identifier (vname)) #endif @@ -1277,7 +1281,7 @@ bind_printf_variable (name, value, flags) SHELL_VAR *v; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) - if (valid_array_reference (name, assoc_expand_once) == 0) + if (valid_array_reference (name, assoc_expand_once ? (VA_NOEXPAND|VA_ONEWORD) : 0) == 0) v = bind_variable (name, value, flags); else v = assign_array_element (name, value, flags | (assoc_expand_once ? ASS_NOEXPAND : 0)); diff --git a/builtins/read.def b/builtins/read.def index a73905c37..b57c8c398 100644 --- a/builtins/read.def +++ b/builtins/read.def @@ -179,7 +179,8 @@ read_builtin (list) int size, nr, pass_next, saw_escape, eof, opt, retval, code, print_ps2, nflag; volatile int i; int input_is_tty, input_is_pipe, unbuffered_read, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul; - int raw, edit, nchars, silent, have_timeout, ignore_delim, fd, lastsig, t_errno; + int raw, edit, nchars, silent, have_timeout, ignore_delim, fd; + int lastsig, t_errno; int mb_cur_max; unsigned int tmsec, tmusec; long ival, uval; @@ -192,6 +193,7 @@ read_builtin (list) TTYSTRUCT ttattrs, ttset; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) WORD_LIST *alist; + int vflags; #endif #if defined (READLINE) char *rlbuf, *itext; @@ -336,7 +338,8 @@ read_builtin (list) /* Convenience: check early whether or not the first of possibly several variable names is a valid identifier, and bail early if so. */ #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) - if (list && legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0 && valid_array_reference (list->word->word, assoc_expand_once) == 0) + vflags = assoc_expand_once ? (VA_NOEXPAND|VA_ONEWORD) : 0; + if (list && legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0 && valid_array_reference (list->word->word, vflags) == 0) #else if (list && legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0) #endif @@ -853,7 +856,7 @@ assign_vars: { varname = list->word->word; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) - if (legal_identifier (varname) == 0 && valid_array_reference (varname, assoc_expand_once) == 0) + if (legal_identifier (varname) == 0 && valid_array_reference (varname, vflags) == 0) #else if (legal_identifier (varname) == 0) #endif @@ -901,7 +904,7 @@ assign_vars: /* Now assign the rest of the line to the last variable argument. */ #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) - if (legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0 && valid_array_reference (list->word->word, assoc_expand_once) == 0) + if (legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0 && valid_array_reference (list->word->word, vflags) == 0) #else if (legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0) #endif @@ -964,7 +967,7 @@ bind_read_variable (name, value) SHELL_VAR *v; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) - if (valid_array_reference (name, assoc_expand_once) == 0) + if (valid_array_reference (name, assoc_expand_once ? (VA_NOEXPAND|VA_ONEWORD) : 0) == 0) v = bind_variable (name, value, 0); else v = assign_array_element (name, value, assoc_expand_once ? ASS_NOEXPAND : 0); diff --git a/builtins/set.def b/builtins/set.def index 3c25e3a25..d99e096ad 100644 --- a/builtins/set.def +++ b/builtins/set.def @@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ unset_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int unset_function, unset_variable, unset_array, opt, nameref, any_failed; - int global_unset_func, global_unset_var; + int global_unset_func, global_unset_var, vflags; char *name, *tname; unset_function = unset_variable = unset_array = nameref = any_failed = 0; @@ -837,6 +837,10 @@ unset_builtin (list) else if (unset_function && nameref) nameref = 0; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + vflags = assoc_expand_once ? (VA_NOEXPAND|VA_ONEWORD) : 0; +#endif + while (list) { SHELL_VAR *var; @@ -852,7 +856,8 @@ unset_builtin (list) #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) unset_array = 0; - if (!unset_function && nameref == 0 && valid_array_reference (name, assoc_expand_once)) /* XXX valid array reference second arg was 0 */ + /* XXX valid array reference second arg was 0 */ + if (!unset_function && nameref == 0 && valid_array_reference (name, vflags)) { t = strchr (name, '['); *t++ = '\0'; @@ -909,7 +914,7 @@ unset_builtin (list) if (var && unset_array) { /* Let unbind_array_element decide what to do with non-array vars */ - tem = unbind_array_element (var, t, assoc_expand_once); /* XXX new third arg */ + tem = unbind_array_element (var, t, vflags); /* XXX new third arg */ if (tem == -2 && array_p (var) == 0 && assoc_p (var) == 0) { builtin_error (_("%s: not an array variable"), var->name); @@ -932,7 +937,7 @@ unset_builtin (list) { tname = savestring (nameref_cell (var)); if (var = array_variable_part (tname, 0, &t, (int *)0)) - tem = unbind_array_element (var, t, assoc_expand_once); /* XXX new third arg */ + tem = unbind_array_element (var, t, vflags); /* XXX new third arg */ free (tname); } else diff --git a/builtins/setattr.def b/builtins/setattr.def index c756964a0..251bcacbc 100644 --- a/builtins/setattr.def +++ b/builtins/setattr.def @@ -277,6 +277,12 @@ set_or_show_attributes (list, attribute, nodefs) } set_var_attribute (name, attribute, undo); + if (assign) /* restore word */ + { + name[assign] = '='; + if (aflags & ASS_APPEND) + name[assign-1] = '+'; + } list = list->next; } } @@ -504,7 +510,7 @@ show_name_attributes (name, nodefs) var = find_variable_noref (name); #endif - if (var /* && invisible_p (var) == 0 */) /* XXX bash-4.4/bash-5.0 */ + if (var /* && invisible_p (var) == 0 */) { show_var_attributes (var, READONLY_OR_EXPORT, nodefs); return (0); diff --git a/builtins/shopt.def b/builtins/shopt.def index d76b86697..f6dc6f97c 100644 --- a/builtins/shopt.def +++ b/builtins/shopt.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is shopt.def, from which is created shopt.c. It implements the Bash `shopt' builtin. -Copyright (C) 1994-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1994-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -220,9 +220,7 @@ static struct { { "lithist", &literal_history, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL }, #endif { "localvar_inherit", &localvar_inherit, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL }, -#if 0 /* bash-5.0-beta */ { "localvar_unset", &localvar_unset, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL }, -#endif { "login_shell", &shopt_login_shell, set_login_shell }, { "mailwarn", &mail_warning, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL }, #if defined (READLINE) @@ -233,7 +231,7 @@ static struct { { "nullglob", &allow_null_glob_expansion, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL }, #if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION) { "progcomp", &prog_completion_enabled, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL }, -# if 0 /* bash-5.0-beta */ +# if defined (ALIAS) { "progcomp_alias", &progcomp_alias, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL }, # endif #endif diff --git a/config-top.h b/config-top.h index b1ed925f1..56dbd51e6 100644 --- a/config-top.h +++ b/config-top.h @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ /* Define to 0 if you want the checkwinsize option off by default, 1 if you want it on. */ -#define CHECKWINSIZE_DEFAULT 0 +#define CHECKWINSIZE_DEFAULT 1 /* Define to 1 if you want to optimize for sequential array assignment when using indexed arrays, 0 if you want bash-4.2 behavior, which favors @@ -161,7 +161,8 @@ no longer exists. This behavior is the default in Posix mode. */ #define CHECKHASH_DEFAULT 0 -/* Define to the maximum level of recursion you want for the eval builtin. +/* Define to the maximum level of recursion you want for the eval builtin + and trap handlers (since traps are run as if run by eval). 0 means the limit is not active. */ #define EVALNEST_MAX 0 @@ -180,3 +181,8 @@ /* Define to set the initial size of the history list ($HISTSIZE). This must be a string. */ /*#define HISTSIZE_DEFAULT "500"*/ + +/* Define to 0 if you want history expansion to be disabled by default in + interactive shells; define to 1 for the historical behavior of enabling + when the shell is interactive. */ +#define HISTEXPAND_DEFAULT 1 diff --git a/configure b/configure index dd4ff051e..07289da3f 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ #! /bin/sh -# From configure.ac for Bash 5.0, version 5.002. +# From configure.ac for Bash 5.0, version 5.003. # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. -# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for bash 5.0-beta. +# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for bash 5.0-beta2. # # Report bugs to . # @@ -581,8 +581,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS= # Identity of this package. PACKAGE_NAME='bash' PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash' -PACKAGE_VERSION='5.0-beta' -PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.0-beta' +PACKAGE_VERSION='5.0-beta2' +PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.0-beta2' PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org' PACKAGE_URL='' @@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing. # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh. cat <<_ACEOF -\`configure' configures bash 5.0-beta to adapt to many kinds of systems. +\`configure' configures bash 5.0-beta2 to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... @@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@ fi if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then case $ac_init_help in - short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.0-beta:";; + short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.0-beta2:";; esac cat <<\_ACEOF @@ -1655,7 +1655,7 @@ fi test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status if $ac_init_version; then cat <<\_ACEOF -bash configure 5.0-beta +bash configure 5.0-beta2 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -2364,7 +2364,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. -It was created by bash $as_me 5.0-beta, which was +It was created by bash $as_me 5.0-beta2, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was $ $0 $@ @@ -2759,7 +2759,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h" BASHVERS=5.0 -RELSTATUS=beta +RELSTATUS=beta2 case "$RELSTATUS" in alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;; @@ -5222,6 +5222,45 @@ fi $as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" = xyes; then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses +else + { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncursesw" >&5 +$as_echo_n "checking for tgetent in -lncursesw... " >&6; } +if ${ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent+:} false; then : + $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6 +else + ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +LIBS="-lncursesw $LIBS" +cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +/* end confdefs.h. */ + +/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. + Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (); +int +main () +{ +return tgetent (); + ; + return 0; +} +_ACEOF +if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then : + ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=yes +else + ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=no +fi +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \ + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +fi +{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" >&5 +$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" >&6; } +if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" = xyes; then : + bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncursesw else bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap fi @@ -5236,6 +5275,8 @@ fi fi +fi + if test "X$_bash_needmsg" = "Xyes"; then { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking which library has the termcap functions" >&5 $as_echo_n "checking which library has the termcap functions... " >&6; } @@ -5295,7 +5336,7 @@ if ${ac_cv_rl_version+:} false; then : $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6 else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then : - ac_cv_rl_version='7.0' + ac_cv_rl_version='8.0' else cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ @@ -16001,6 +16042,45 @@ fi $as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" >&6; } if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_tgetent" = xyes; then : bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses +else + { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for tgetent in -lncursesw" >&5 +$as_echo_n "checking for tgetent in -lncursesw... " >&6; } +if ${ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent+:} false; then : + $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6 +else + ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS +LIBS="-lncursesw $LIBS" +cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext +/* end confdefs.h. */ + +/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error. + Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC + builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */ +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" +#endif +char tgetent (); +int +main () +{ +return tgetent (); + ; + return 0; +} +_ACEOF +if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then : + ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=yes +else + ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent=no +fi +rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \ + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext +LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS +fi +{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" >&5 +$as_echo "$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" >&6; } +if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_tgetent" = xyes; then : + bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncursesw else bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap fi @@ -16015,6 +16095,8 @@ fi fi +fi + if test "X$_bash_needmsg" = "Xyes"; then { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking which library has the termcap functions" >&5 $as_echo_n "checking which library has the termcap functions... " >&6; } @@ -16180,7 +16262,7 @@ linux*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic # allow dynamic loading *) $as_echo "#define PGRP_PIPE 1" >>confdefs.h ;; esac ;; -openbsd*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DDEV_FD_STAT_BROKEN" ;; +netbsd*|openbsd*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DDEV_FD_STAT_BROKEN" ;; *qnx[67]*) LOCAL_LIBS="-lncurses" ;; *qnx*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-Dqnx -F -3s" LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-3s" LOCAL_LIBS="-lunix -lncurses" ;; powerux*) LOCAL_LIBS="-lgen" ;; @@ -16821,7 +16903,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their # values after options handling. ac_log=" -This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.0-beta, which was +This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.0-beta2, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES @@ -16887,7 +16969,7 @@ _ACEOF cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_config="`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`" ac_cs_version="\\ -bash config.status 5.0-beta +bash config.status 5.0-beta2 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69, with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\" diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index 5ead20165..38a06a0c8 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . -AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.0, version 5.002])dnl +AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.0, version 5.003])dnl define(bashvers, 5.0) -define(relstatus, beta) +define(relstatus, beta2) AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org]) @@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ linux*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic # allow dynamic loading 1.*|2.[[0123]]*) : ;; *) AC_DEFINE(PGRP_PIPE) ;; esac ;; -openbsd*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DDEV_FD_STAT_BROKEN" ;; +netbsd*|openbsd*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DDEV_FD_STAT_BROKEN" ;; *qnx[[67]]*) LOCAL_LIBS="-lncurses" ;; *qnx*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-Dqnx -F -3s" LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-3s" LOCAL_LIBS="-lunix -lncurses" ;; powerux*) LOCAL_LIBS="-lgen" ;; diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index d09b8fc0c..c9f7c6e46 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -771,11 +771,11 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last - argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to - the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and - placed in the environment exported to that command. When check- - ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- - rently being checked. + argument to the previous simple command executed in the fore- + ground, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to + invoke each command executed and placed in the environment + exported to that command. When checking mail, this parameter + holds the name of the mail file currently being checked. SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess The following variables are set by the shell: @@ -2303,19 +2303,19 @@ AALLIIAASSEESS sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands - following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- - mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- - able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put - alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound - commands. + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input, and + all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the + commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded + when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias + definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take + effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following + the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. + This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases + are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function + is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a + consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until + after that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini- + tions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. @@ -2413,9 +2413,9 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _i_d++++ _i_d---- variable post-increment and post-decrement + -- ++ unary minus and plus ++++_i_d ----_i_d variable pre-increment and pre-decrement - -- ++ unary minus and plus !! ~~ logical and bitwise negation **** exponentiation ** // %% multiplication, division, remainder @@ -2464,15 +2464,19 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially - when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which - bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth- - erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e - argument to one of the primaries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file - descriptor _n is checked. If the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries - is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, - 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. + and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt abd [[ commands determine their + behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of + those commands for any other command-specific actions. + + Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. + BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- + sions. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these + special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them + internally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link @@ -3902,108 +3906,111 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined - with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. + with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no + default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as + a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word + from any successful expansion. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are - being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, - and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are + being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, + and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com- pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- - ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- betic characters. Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the --PP and --SS options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -4014,162 +4021,162 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value - less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history - file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- + SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value + less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol- lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend- - ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with - history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the - history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled - (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the - lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is + ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with + history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the + history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled + (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the + lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is - unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable - is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the - history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- - sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- + unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable + is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the + history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- + sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTT-- - FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric + FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into account. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which - line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is - to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. - The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of - that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- - able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words - in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- + line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is + to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. + The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of + that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- + able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words + in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- _t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His- - tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan- - sion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single - quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history - expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre- + tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan- + sion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single + quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history + expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre- cedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^^ The first argument. That is, word 1. - $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will + $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head. @@ -4178,80 +4185,80 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt/[[ builtins do not accept options - and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- - ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning - with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but - are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning - with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- + and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- + ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning + with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but + are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning + with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- tion. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. The return status is zero. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- - cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, - filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, + filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is - enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any - DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to - ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If - --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is + enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any + DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to + ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If + --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose - _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX] @@ -4260,29 +4267,29 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e - is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e + is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- _d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -4294,181 +4301,181 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is - entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- - lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the current location of the insertion point. If the executed - command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the + command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the - associated commands in a format that can be reused as + --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the + associated commands in a format that can be reused as input. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are - exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]] [-@]] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, - the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, + the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- tional arguments following _d_i_r are ignored. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH - defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative - directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, + defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative + directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not - used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory - structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and + used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory + structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links - to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances + to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is processed by removing - the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a - slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied - with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- - fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will - return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the - --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a - file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD + the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a + slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied + with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- + fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will + return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the + --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a + file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc- - tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, + tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of - the new working directory is written to the standard output. - The return value is true if the directory was successfully + the new working directory is written to the standard output. + The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or filename + option causes a single word indicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program- mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple- - tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, + tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEEII] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that other sup- - plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com- - mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for - which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option - indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply - to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted - on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied - options and actions should apply to completion on the inital - non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter - such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. If - multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence + plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com- + mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for + which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option + indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply + to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted + on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied + options and actions should apply to completion on the inital + non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter + such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. If + multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence over --EE, and both take precedence over --II. If any of --DD, --EE, or - --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored; these + --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case specified by the option. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- mmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words - if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the + nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words + if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default). - nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible + nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible completions alphabetically. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -4476,7 +4483,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -4485,17 +4492,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -4504,194 +4511,194 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When the function is executed, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose - arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When the function is executed, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose + arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) - is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. When it finishes, the possible - completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- + is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. When it finishes, the possible + completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- PPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain - shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. - The possible completions are the members of the resul- + shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. + The possible completions are the members of the resul- tant list which match the word being completed. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other - supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; - that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option + supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion - on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- - mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name + on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- + mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used - with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, - are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it - will display the attributes and values of all variables having + with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, + are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it + will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other - options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the - attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option - will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option - inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function - name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option - is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number + options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the + attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option + will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option + inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function + name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option + is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option - implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or + implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a - shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- + shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- ing options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. - --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name - reference to another variable. That other variable is - defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- - ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those - using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed - on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref + --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name + reference to another variable. That other variable is + defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- + ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those + using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed + on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used + able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a vari- - able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is - set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment - syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not + able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is + set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment + syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to - define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to - assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to - assign a value to an array variable without using the compound - assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a - valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- - only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn + unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to + define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to + assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to + assign a value to an array variable without using the compound + assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a + valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- + only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes - entries from the list. The current directory is always the + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + entries from the list. The current directory is always the first directory in the stack. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default + --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... | _p_i_d ... ] - Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active - jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr - option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option - is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is - marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell - receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option - means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- - _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return + Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active + jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr + option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option + is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is + marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell + receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option + means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- + _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. - The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option - is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped - characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- - tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are - interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used - to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these - escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to - mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape + is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped + characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- + tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are + interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used + to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these + escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to + mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4704,190 +4711,190 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the - file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if - eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take - effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if + eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take + effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported - variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported + variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one - of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- + of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t - from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes - them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate - the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an - index into the history list, where a negative number is used as - an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not + The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t + from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes + them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate + the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an + index into the history list, where a negative number is used as + an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that - ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- + ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous com- mand for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as - _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', - so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as + _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', + so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4905,53 +4912,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count - back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d - Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and - _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t + Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and + _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4960,210 +4967,210 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was - successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are - restored to their original values when the function returns. - With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the - standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are + restored to their original values when the function returns. + With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the + standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a - function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly + function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no - argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had - been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no + argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had + been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behavior. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two - directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two + directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the - new current working directory as if it had been supplied + new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument to the ccdd builtin. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split - into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split + into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char- - acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, + acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -5171,31 +5178,31 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty - string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was - not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- line's default filename completion. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -5203,131 +5210,131 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line - continuation. + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a + line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd - returns immediately, without trying to read any data. - The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- - fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd + returns immediately, without trying to read any data. + The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- + fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is + able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater - than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a + than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup- plied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If - no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If + no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If - rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to - determine the status is the last command executed before the - trap handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - last command used to determine the status is the last command - executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If - rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a - script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop - executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of - the last command executed within the script as the exit status - of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least - significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is - supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function - and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- - mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If + rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to + determine the status is the last command executed before the + trap handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + last command used to determine the status is the last command + executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If + rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a + script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop + executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of + the last command executed within the script as the exit status + of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least + significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is + supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function + and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- + mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- tion resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status. - The shell does not exit if the command that fails is - part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee - or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or - eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a - &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& + The shell does not exit if the command that fails is + part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee + or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or + eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a + &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a - compound command other than a subshell returns a non- - zero status because a command failed while --ee was being - ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if - set, is executed before the shell exits. This option + command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a + compound command other than a subshell returns a non- + zero status because a command failed while --ee was being + ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if + set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -5335,10 +5342,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -5352,8 +5359,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -5368,166 +5375,167 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set; if _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output - is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other + is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee - If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of - associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- - sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of + associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- + sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can perform variable assignments. - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the - values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by + default. ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is @@ -5720,6 +5728,12 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref attribute is not inherited. + llooccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett + If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous + function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find + them unset until that function returns. This is identi- + cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the + current function scope. llooggiinn__sshheellll The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be @@ -5751,52 +5765,59 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn above) are enabled. This option is enabled by default. + pprrooggccoommpp__aalliiaass + If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh + treats a command name that doesn't have any completions + as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it + has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion + using the command word resulting from the expanded + alias. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5813,120 +5834,120 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using - !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar- - ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is - used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable + ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is + used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is - not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell + not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -5935,12 +5956,12 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -5949,53 +5970,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte - blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte + blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu- ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each - unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each + unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- @@ -6003,23 +6024,23 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If _i_d is not given, all currently active child pro- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the --nn - option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and - returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job + option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and + returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt forces _i_d to terminate before returning - its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -6028,16 +6049,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -6046,10 +6067,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -6059,14 +6080,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE -- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/ http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode @@ -6084,7 +6105,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -6098,14 +6119,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -6116,7 +6137,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -6133,10 +6154,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -6145,4 +6166,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.0 2018 August 7 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.0 2018 October 22 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 9561ed87a..16d22f925 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Tue Aug 7 12:01:07 EDT 2018 +.\" Last Change: Mon Oct 22 09:55:27 EDT 2018 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2018 August 7" "GNU Bash 5.0" +.TH BASH 1 "2018 October 22" "GNU Bash 5.0" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -1427,8 +1427,8 @@ as given by argument zero. At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment or argument list. -Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command, -after expansion. +Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous simple +command executed in the foreground, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file @@ -4232,9 +4232,10 @@ below). The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat confusing. .B Bash -always reads at least one complete line -of input before executing any -of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a +always reads at least one complete line of input, +and all lines that make up a compound command, +before executing any of the commands on that line or the compound command. +Aliases are expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. @@ -4409,12 +4410,12 @@ The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. .B \fIid\fP++ \fIid\fP\-\- variable post-increment and post-decrement .TP -.B ++\fIid\fP \-\-\fIid\fP -variable pre-increment and pre-decrement -.TP .B \- + unary minus and plus .TP +.B ++\fIid\fP \-\-\fIid\fP +variable pre-increment and pre-decrement +.TP .B ! ~ logical and bitwise negation .TP @@ -4494,6 +4495,10 @@ rules above. Conditional expressions are used by the \fB[[\fP compound command and the \fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons. +The \fBtest\fP abd \fB[\fP commands determine their behavior based on +the number of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any +other command-specific actions. +.PP Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. \fBBash\fP handles several filenames specially when they are used in expressions. @@ -6710,6 +6715,9 @@ If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the \fB\-D\fP option to \fBcomplete\fP is used as the default. +If there is no default compspec, \fBbash\fP attempts alias expansion +on the command word as a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec +for the command word from any successful expansion. .PP Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of matching words. @@ -9187,7 +9195,7 @@ is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. .B \-r Backslash does not act as an escape character. The backslash is considered to be part of the line. -In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line +In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a line continuation. .TP .B \-s @@ -9806,6 +9814,7 @@ command and, if necessary, updates the values of and .SM .BR COLUMNS . +This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 .B cmdhist If set, @@ -10105,6 +10114,12 @@ If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref attribute is not inherited. .TP 8 +.B localvar_unset +If set, calling \fBunset\fP on local variables in previous function scopes +marks them so subsequent lookups find them unset until that function +returns. This is identical to the behavior of unsetting local variables +at the current function scope. +.TP 8 .B login_shell The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (see .SM @@ -10158,6 +10173,12 @@ If set, the programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP above) are enabled. This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 +.B progcomp_alias +If set, and programmable completion is enabled, \fBbash\fP treats a command +name that doesn't have any completions as a possible alias and attempts +alias expansion. If it has an alias, \fBbash\fP attempts programmable +completion using the command word resulting from the expanded alias. +.TP 8 .B promptvars If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 08e1b4a43..f0aa88e0c 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2018 August 7BASH(1) +BASH(1)2018 October 22BASH(1)

Index @@ -1825,8 +1825,8 @@ as given by argument zero. At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment or argument list. -Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command, -after expansion. +Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous simple +command executed in the foreground, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file @@ -5402,9 +5402,10 @@ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat confusing. Bash -always reads at least one complete line -of input before executing any -of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a +always reads at least one complete line of input, +and all lines that make up a compound command, +before executing any of the commands on that line or the compound command. +Aliases are expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. @@ -5617,14 +5618,14 @@ The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
variable post-increment and post-decrement -
++id --id - -
-variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
- +
unary minus and plus +
++id --id + +
+variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
! ~
@@ -5726,6 +5727,11 @@ rules above. Conditional expressions are used by the [[ compound command and the test and [ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons. +The test abd [ commands determine their behavior based on +the number of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any +other command-specific actions. +

+ Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in expressions. @@ -8569,6 +8575,9 @@ If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the -D option to complete is used as the default. +If there is no default compspec, bash attempts alias expansion +on the command word as a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec +for the command word from any successful expansion.

Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of @@ -11625,7 +11634,7 @@ is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.

Backslash does not act as an escape character. The backslash is considered to be part of the line. -In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line +In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a line continuation.
-s @@ -12423,6 +12432,7 @@ and COLUMNS. +This option is enabled by default.
cmdhist
@@ -12801,6 +12811,13 @@ embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref attribute is not inherited. +
localvar_unset + +
+If set, calling unset on local variables in previous function scopes +marks them so subsequent lookups find them unset until that function +returns. This is identical to the behavior of unsetting local variables +at the current function scope.
login_shell
@@ -12870,6 +12887,13 @@ to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. If set, the programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion above) are enabled. This option is enabled by default. +
progcomp_alias + +
+If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bash treats a command +name that doesn't have any completions as a possible alias and attempts +alias expansion. If it has an alias, bash attempts programmable +completion using the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
promptvars
@@ -13892,7 +13916,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 5.02018 August 7BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.02018 October 22BASH(1)

@@ -13998,6 +14022,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 07 September 2018 16:15:28 EDT +Time: 19 November 2018 15:21:08 EST diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 171e1a7f1..fc26927e0 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). +Bash shell (version 5.0, 9 November 2018). - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 9 November 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.0, 9 November 2018). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 9 November 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -1468,10 +1468,11 @@ only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. ($_, an underscore.) At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment or argument list. Subsequently, expands - to the last argument to the previous command, after expansion. - Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed - and placed in the environment exported to that command. When - checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file. + to the last argument to the previous simple command executed in the + foreground, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to + invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported + to that command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name + of the mail file.  File: bash.info, Node: Shell Expansions, Next: Redirections, Prev: Shell Parameters, Up: Basic Shell Features @@ -3201,17 +3202,21 @@ standard. the expression is false. 3 arguments - The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If - the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators - (*note Bash Conditional Expressions::), the result of the - expression is the result of the binary test using the first - and third arguments as operands. The '-a' and '-o' operators - are considered binary operators when there are three - arguments. If the first argument is '!', the value is the - negation of the two-argument test using the second and third - arguments. If the first argument is exactly '(' and the third - argument is exactly ')', the result is the one-argument test - of the second argument. Otherwise, the expression is false. + The following conditions are applied in the order listed. + + 1. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + operators (*note Bash Conditional Expressions::), the + result of the expression is the result of the binary test + using the first and third arguments as operands. The + '-a' and '-o' operators are considered binary operators + when there are three arguments. + 2. If the first argument is '!', the value is the negation + of the two-argument test using the second and third + arguments. + 3. If the first argument is exactly '(' and the third + argument is exactly ')', the result is the one-argument + test of the second argument. + 4. Otherwise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is '!', the result is the negation of @@ -3842,8 +3847,8 @@ standard. '-r' If this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character. The backslash is considered to be part of the - line. In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used - as a line continuation. + line. In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not then be + used as a line continuation. '-s' Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters @@ -4406,7 +4411,7 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. 'checkwinsize' If set, Bash checks the window size after each external (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the values of - 'LINES' and 'COLUMNS'. + 'LINES' and 'COLUMNS'. This option is enabled by default. 'cmdhist' If set, Bash attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line @@ -4631,6 +4636,13 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. before any new value is assigned. The NAMEREF attribute is not inherited. + 'localvar_unset' + If set, calling 'unset' on local variables in previous + function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find them + unset until that function returns. This is identical to the + behavior of unsetting local variables at the current function + scope. + 'login_shell' The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (*note Invoking Bash::). The value may not be changed. @@ -4665,6 +4677,13 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. Programmable Completion::) are enabled. This option is enabled by default. + 'progcomp_alias' + If set, and programmable completion is enabled, Bash treats a + command name that doesn't have any completions as a possible + alias and attempts alias expansion. If it has an alias, Bash + attempts programmable completion using the command word + resulting from the expanded alias. + 'promptvars' If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal after @@ -5912,18 +5931,21 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Bash Conditional Expressions, Next: Shell Arithmetic, ================================ Conditional expressions are used by the '[[' compound command and the -'test' and '[' builtin commands. - - Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used -to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric -comparison operators as well. Bash handles several filenames specially -when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which -Bash is running provides these special files, Bash will use them; -otherwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If the -FILE argument to one of the primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then -file descriptor N is checked. If the FILE argument to one of the -primaries is one of '/dev/stdin', '/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file -descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. +'test' and '[' builtin commands. The 'test' and '[' commands determine +their behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of +those commands for any other command-specific actions. + + Expressions may be unary or binary, and are formed from the following +primaries. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a +file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as +well. Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in +expressions. If the operating system on which Bash is running provides +these special files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them +internally with this behavior: If the FILE argument to one of the +primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then file descriptor N is checked. +If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of '/dev/stdin', +'/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, +respectively, is checked. When used with '[[', the '<' and '>' operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The 'test' command uses ASCII ordering. @@ -6183,9 +6205,10 @@ the 'expand_aliases' shell option is set using 'shopt' (*note The Shopt Builtin::). The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat -confusing. Bash always reads at least one complete line of input before -executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a -command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias +confusing. Bash always reads at least one complete line of input, and +all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the +commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded +when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. This @@ -6703,56 +6726,66 @@ startup files. shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash clears the '-e' option in such subshells. - 44. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' + option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of + positional parameters will result in an error message. + + 45. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is supplied. - 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 47. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname + 48. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode. - 48. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 49. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length + of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name + supplied as an argument exceeds PATH_MAX when all symbolic links + are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the + supplied directory name. + + 50. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the '-P' option. - 49. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 51. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 50. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 52. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. - 51. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 53. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. - 52. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when + 54. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and '$EDITOR'. - 53. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 55. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 54. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' + 56. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' and '-f' options. - 55. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not + 57. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 56. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 58. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 57. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + 59. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it. There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default @@ -7525,13 +7558,13 @@ Variable Settings 'keymap' Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding - commands. Acceptable 'keymap' names are 'emacs', + commands. Built-in 'keymap' names are 'emacs', 'emacs-standard', 'emacs-meta', 'emacs-ctlx', 'vi', 'vi-move', 'vi-command', and 'vi-insert'. 'vi' is equivalent to 'vi-command' ('vi-move' is also a synonym); 'emacs' is - equivalent to 'emacs-standard'. The default value is 'emacs'. - The value of the 'editing-mode' variable also affects the - default keymap. + equivalent to 'emacs-standard'. Applications may add + additional names. The default value is 'emacs'. The value of + the 'editing-mode' variable also affects the default keymap. 'keyseq-timeout' Specifies the duration Readline will wait for a character when @@ -8626,7 +8659,10 @@ command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec -defined with the '-D' option to 'complete' is used as the default. +defined with the '-D' option to 'complete' is used as the default. If +there is no default compspec, Bash attempts alias expansion on the +command word as a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the +command word from any successful expansion Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion @@ -11000,17 +11036,17 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 269) * times: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 344) + (line 348) * trap: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 350) + (line 354) * type: Bash Builtins. (line 567) * typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 599) * ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 605) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 399) + (line 403) * unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 704) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 417) + (line 421) * wait: Job Control Builtins. (line 76) @@ -11644,134 +11680,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top891 -Node: Introduction2805 -Node: What is Bash?3021 -Node: What is a shell?4135 -Node: Definitions6673 -Node: Basic Shell Features9624 -Node: Shell Syntax10843 -Node: Shell Operation11869 -Node: Quoting13162 -Node: Escape Character14462 -Node: Single Quotes14947 -Node: Double Quotes15295 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16573 -Node: Locale Translation17832 -Node: Comments18728 -Node: Shell Commands19346 -Node: Simple Commands20218 -Node: Pipelines20849 -Node: Lists23781 -Node: Compound Commands25520 -Node: Looping Constructs26532 -Node: Conditional Constructs29027 -Node: Command Grouping40110 -Node: Coprocesses41589 -Node: GNU Parallel43492 -Node: Shell Functions47550 -Node: Shell Parameters54633 -Node: Positional Parameters59046 -Node: Special Parameters59946 -Node: Shell Expansions63660 -Node: Brace Expansion65783 -Node: Tilde Expansion68507 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion71124 -Node: Command Substitution85580 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion86935 -Node: Process Substitution87867 -Node: Word Splitting88987 -Node: Filename Expansion90931 -Node: Pattern Matching93461 -Node: Quote Removal97447 -Node: Redirections97742 -Node: Executing Commands107300 -Node: Simple Command Expansion107970 -Node: Command Search and Execution109900 -Node: Command Execution Environment112276 -Node: Environment115260 -Node: Exit Status116919 -Node: Signals118589 -Node: Shell Scripts120556 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands123071 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins125109 -Node: Bash Builtins145767 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior174675 -Node: The Set Builtin175020 -Node: The Shopt Builtin185433 -Node: Special Builtins202303 -Node: Shell Variables203282 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables203719 -Node: Bash Variables205823 -Node: Bash Features236283 -Node: Invoking Bash237182 -Node: Bash Startup Files243195 -Node: Interactive Shells248298 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?248708 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?249357 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior250172 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions253659 -Node: Shell Arithmetic258025 -Node: Aliases260842 -Node: Arrays263390 -Node: The Directory Stack268756 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins269540 -Node: Controlling the Prompt272508 -Node: The Restricted Shell275274 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode277099 -Node: Job Control287514 -Node: Job Control Basics287974 -Node: Job Control Builtins292942 -Node: Job Control Variables297669 -Node: Command Line Editing298825 -Node: Introduction and Notation300496 -Node: Readline Interaction302119 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials303310 -Node: Readline Movement Commands305093 -Node: Readline Killing Commands306053 -Node: Readline Arguments307971 -Node: Searching309015 -Node: Readline Init File311201 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax312348 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs332748 -Node: Sample Init File336944 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands340061 -Node: Commands For Moving341265 -Node: Commands For History343114 -Node: Commands For Text347409 -Node: Commands For Killing350797 -Node: Numeric Arguments353278 -Node: Commands For Completion354417 -Node: Keyboard Macros358608 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands359295 -Node: Readline vi Mode365248 -Node: Programmable Completion366155 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins373749 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example384442 -Node: Using History Interactively389682 -Node: Bash History Facilities390366 -Node: Bash History Builtins393371 -Node: History Interaction397902 -Node: Event Designators401522 -Node: Word Designators402741 -Node: Modifiers404378 -Node: Installing Bash405780 -Node: Basic Installation406917 -Node: Compilers and Options410175 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures410916 -Node: Installation Names412609 -Node: Specifying the System Type413427 -Node: Sharing Defaults414143 -Node: Operation Controls414816 -Node: Optional Features415774 -Node: Reporting Bugs426292 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell427486 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License444338 -Node: Indexes469515 -Node: Builtin Index469969 -Node: Reserved Word Index476796 -Node: Variable Index479244 -Node: Function Index494995 -Node: Concept Index508298 +Node: Top895 +Node: Introduction2813 +Node: What is Bash?3029 +Node: What is a shell?4143 +Node: Definitions6681 +Node: Basic Shell Features9632 +Node: Shell Syntax10851 +Node: Shell Operation11877 +Node: Quoting13170 +Node: Escape Character14470 +Node: Single Quotes14955 +Node: Double Quotes15303 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16581 +Node: Locale Translation17840 +Node: Comments18736 +Node: Shell Commands19354 +Node: Simple Commands20226 +Node: Pipelines20857 +Node: Lists23789 +Node: Compound Commands25528 +Node: Looping Constructs26540 +Node: Conditional Constructs29035 +Node: Command Grouping40118 +Node: Coprocesses41597 +Node: GNU Parallel43500 +Node: Shell Functions47558 +Node: Shell Parameters54641 +Node: Positional Parameters59054 +Node: Special Parameters59954 +Node: Shell Expansions63708 +Node: Brace Expansion65831 +Node: Tilde Expansion68555 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion71172 +Node: Command Substitution85628 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion86983 +Node: Process Substitution87915 +Node: Word Splitting89035 +Node: Filename Expansion90979 +Node: Pattern Matching93509 +Node: Quote Removal97495 +Node: Redirections97790 +Node: Executing Commands107348 +Node: Simple Command Expansion108018 +Node: Command Search and Execution109948 +Node: Command Execution Environment112324 +Node: Environment115308 +Node: Exit Status116967 +Node: Signals118637 +Node: Shell Scripts120604 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands123119 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins125157 +Node: Bash Builtins145907 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior174820 +Node: The Set Builtin175165 +Node: The Shopt Builtin185578 +Node: Special Builtins203150 +Node: Shell Variables204129 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables204566 +Node: Bash Variables206670 +Node: Bash Features237130 +Node: Invoking Bash238029 +Node: Bash Startup Files244042 +Node: Interactive Shells249145 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?249555 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?250204 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior251019 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions254506 +Node: Shell Arithmetic259083 +Node: Aliases261900 +Node: Arrays264520 +Node: The Directory Stack269886 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins270670 +Node: Controlling the Prompt273638 +Node: The Restricted Shell276404 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode278229 +Node: Job Control289162 +Node: Job Control Basics289622 +Node: Job Control Builtins294590 +Node: Job Control Variables299317 +Node: Command Line Editing300473 +Node: Introduction and Notation302144 +Node: Readline Interaction303767 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials304958 +Node: Readline Movement Commands306741 +Node: Readline Killing Commands307701 +Node: Readline Arguments309619 +Node: Searching310663 +Node: Readline Init File312849 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax313996 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs334435 +Node: Sample Init File338631 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands341748 +Node: Commands For Moving342952 +Node: Commands For History344801 +Node: Commands For Text349096 +Node: Commands For Killing352484 +Node: Numeric Arguments354965 +Node: Commands For Completion356104 +Node: Keyboard Macros360295 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands360982 +Node: Readline vi Mode366935 +Node: Programmable Completion367842 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins375622 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example386315 +Node: Using History Interactively391555 +Node: Bash History Facilities392239 +Node: Bash History Builtins395244 +Node: History Interaction399775 +Node: Event Designators403395 +Node: Word Designators404614 +Node: Modifiers406251 +Node: Installing Bash407653 +Node: Basic Installation408790 +Node: Compilers and Options412048 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures412789 +Node: Installation Names414482 +Node: Specifying the System Type415300 +Node: Sharing Defaults416016 +Node: Operation Controls416689 +Node: Optional Features417647 +Node: Reporting Bugs428165 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell429359 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License446211 +Node: Indexes471388 +Node: Builtin Index471842 +Node: Reserved Word Index478669 +Node: Variable Index481117 +Node: Function Index496868 +Node: Concept Index510171  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index b38b46d1c..735f54ef1 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 5a7dc2d8a..95122febf 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 7 15:34:15 2018 +%%CreationDate: Mon Nov 19 15:20:58 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 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If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(10)194.555 E 0 Cg +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(10)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -1532,84 +1535,85 @@ ond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16(tained by the) (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 (array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.502 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +9.503 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 156 R -.934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 156 R +.935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 168 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 +F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 168 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 (The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ - script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 180 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa)-2.641 G -2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 -(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.631(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 + script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 180 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G +2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 +(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 192 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.63(only when in)4.88 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .283 -(tended deb).15 F .283(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 -(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .284(option to the)2.784 F F1(shopt)2.784 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.784 G .284(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 216 Q F1 -(extdeb)3.363 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .284 +(tended deb).15 F .284(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 +(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .283(option to the)2.783 F F1(shopt)2.783 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.783 G .283(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 216 Q F1 +(extdeb)3.362 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .862(after the shell has started to e)3.362 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .863(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .863 (ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)144 228 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (is not set, may result in inconsistent v)2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 252 R .979 +108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144 252 R .979 (ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) -3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.98 E .275(\ -\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stac\ -k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 +3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.979 E +.275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the\ + stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 (call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) 6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F -2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .965 -(description of the)144 300 R F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 -(option to the)3.465 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 -(iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.966(after the shell)3.466 F .32(has started to e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .32(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .319(ariable when)-.25 -F F1(extdeb)2.819 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .319(is not set, may result in)2.819 F -(inconsistent v)144 324 Q(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_ARGV0).3 -E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 348 R .25(ariable e)-.25 F .251 +2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .966 +(description of the)144 300 R F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 +(option to the)3.466 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 +(iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.965(after the shell)3.465 F .319(has started to e)144 312 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .319(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .319 +(ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.82 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .32 +(is not set, may result in)2.82 F(inconsistent v)144 324 Q(alues.)-.25 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 +348 R .251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 (xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F -F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E 1.224 +F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E 1.224 (the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.724(\). Assignment).15 F(to)3.724 E F1 -.3(BA)3.724 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 -1.224(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 +1.225(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 (assigned to also be assigned to)144 372 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C (f)-5.247 E F1 -.3(BA)2.747 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .247 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.747 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) .15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 384 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 396 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 408 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668 +(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 408 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667 (rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ -h table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the)144 420 R F1(hash) -2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F .196 +h table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 420 R F1(hash) +2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ t cause command names to be remo)144 432 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G -.852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 444 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G +.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 444 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 456 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 456 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 (The command currently being e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 480 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 492 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 504 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 (An array v)144 528 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 540 -R F2(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 -(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 552 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 540 R +F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) +-3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 552 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 564 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 564 Q(ASH_LINENO[) -.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 @@ -1617,25 +1621,25 @@ E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 600 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F (uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 612 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 624 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 -636 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 -E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 -(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 648 R .007 -(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 660 R(x)-.15 E -F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F -F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 624 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 +636 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 +E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 +(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 648 R .007 +(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 660 R(x)-.15 E +F4(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F +F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 (sion. This)144 672 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 684 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 696 R .125(ar\ +F1 -.3(BA)108 684 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 696 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 708 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 708 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 720 Q F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(11)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 720 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(11)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1644,13 +1648,13 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 (Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 96 R .296 -(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting).15 E(in that en)144 108 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) -2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 120 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 -(Ar)144 132 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 120 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 +(Ar)144 132 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 -(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 144 S +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 144 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 (BA)144 162 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 162 Q (ersion number \(the)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G(lease) @@ -1666,73 +1670,73 @@ E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 186 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 234 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 (Expands to a string describing the v)144 246 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -258 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 270 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E +258 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 270 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 282 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 282 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 294 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 294 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 306 Q F0(The k)144 318 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 330 Q F0 1.208 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 330 Q F0 1.207 (The current command line.)144 342 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.848(mands in)144 354 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.849(mands in)144 354 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 366 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 378 Q F0 .667(The inde) -144 390 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 366 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 378 Q F0 .666(The inde) +144 390 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 +F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -402 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 414 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 +402 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 414 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 F(in)144 426 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -438 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 450 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +438 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 450 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 462 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 +-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 462 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) -C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t) --.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 474 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 -(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) +C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 474 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592 +(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) -4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 -F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 486 R F2(%)4.053 E +F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 486 R F2(%)4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 498 S 2.928 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 498 S 2.929 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 510 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 522 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.336(The set of characters that the)144 534 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) -144 546 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 558 Q F1(COMP_W)108 570 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .654(An array v)144 582 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E -F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) --.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 594 R +1.335(The set of characters that the)144 534 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) +144 546 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G +(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 558 Q F1(COMP_W)108 570 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .653(An array v)144 582 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E +F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) +-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 594 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 -606 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 -(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 +606 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 +(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) 144 618 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 630 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -144 642 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 630 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) +144 642 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) -.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 654 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) @@ -1740,19 +1744,19 @@ F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 630 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 678 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 690 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 +1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 690 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 (members of this array v)144 702 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 714 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 714 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 726 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 726 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(12) -194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(12) +190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1760,104 +1764,105 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (it is subsequently reset.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHREAL)108 -96 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) -144 108 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 -F(\(see)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.917 E F0 .417 -(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 -(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 -(ssignments to)-5.416 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 132 -Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E -(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s) --3.591 E(subsequently reset.)144 144 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 156 Q F0 .338 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 168 R .337 +96 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) +144 108 R .337(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 +F(\(see)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.916 E F0 .416 +(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 +(ssignments to)-5.417 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 132 +Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL) +3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.59 +(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E(subsequently reset.) +144 144 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 156 Q F0 .337 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 168 R .338 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -180 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F +180 Q F2(time)4.042 E F0 4.042(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F (loses its special properties, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(EUID)108 204 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 204 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 +(EUID)108 204 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 204 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G -1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 (ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 216 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 228 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 240 R .479 +-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 240 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 -(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 +(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 (element \(the one with the highest inde)144 264 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 -(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 -(tion is e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 +(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 +(tion is e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F (special properties, e)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 306 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 (to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 330 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 -(at line number)144 342 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 +(at line number)144 342 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 (An array v)144 378 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E -.572(ments to)144 390 R F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E +.571(ments to)144 390 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. 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The)144 498 R(def) +(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 486 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 498 R(def) 2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 510 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ ber representing the)144 522 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 534 R .078 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 546 R .306 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E -F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 534 R .079 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 546 R .307 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E +F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F (special properties, e)144 558 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 570 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 582 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2 +es the system type on which)144 582 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 606 Q F0 .293 -(An array v)144 618 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 -(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 606 Q F0 .294 +(An array v)144 618 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 +(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 (iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 630 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 (OLDPWD)108 642 Q F0(The pre)144 654 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 666 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 678 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 666 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 678 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 -(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 690 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 702 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 714 R 4.151 -(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 726 +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 690 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 702 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 714 R 4.152 +(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 726 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(13)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(13)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1865,8 +1870,8 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OSTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes\ - the operating system on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) -2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 108 Q + the operating system on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 108 Q (ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 120 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) .95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 132 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) 3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 @@ -1877,106 +1882,105 @@ SF(OSTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes\ 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E F1(PWD)108 168 Q F0(The current w)144 168 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 180 Q F0 .566 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 192 R .565 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(RANDOM)108 180 Q F0 .565 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 192 R .566 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 (sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 204 R .01(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E (unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 228 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 240 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 228 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 252 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 264 Q F0 .313 +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 252 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 264 Q F0 .314 (The position of the insertion point in the)144 276 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 -(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 +(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) 2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 300 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 (Set to the line of input read by the)144 312 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) -.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 324 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 348 R .712 +(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 348 R .712 (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712(the v) 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 (is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 372 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 384 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 396 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 384 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 396 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 408 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F -F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 -(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E -3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 420 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 408 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F +F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 +(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E +3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 420 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 (ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 432 Q F1(bash) -3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 444 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 456 Q (VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 468 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 480 Q F0 (Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 480 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 496.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 496.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 508.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.193(The v)144 537.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F -3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 -(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 --.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 549.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E -F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 561.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F --.25(va)2.861 G .361 -(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 -(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +1.192(The v)144 537.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 +(l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 549.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E +F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 561.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 +(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 +F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 (sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) 144 585.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 597.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 -(sets the compatibility le)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G -3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 -F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 +4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 597.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 +(sets the compatibility le)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 (correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 621.6 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076 -(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 633.6 Q F1 +(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 +(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 633.6 Q F1 (compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 645.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 -(If this parameter is set when)144 657.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) -3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 645.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 +(If this parameter is set when)144 657.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) +3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 (containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 669.6 R F5 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) -2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 681.6 R .525 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) +2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 681.6 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 (xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 693.6 Q F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 705.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 717.6 -R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 -F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 729.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 +108 705.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 717.6 +R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 +F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F +(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 729.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 (is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 (he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(14)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(14)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1987,60 +1991,60 @@ SF -.27(BA)144 84 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138 (is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638 (alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F1 -.27(BA)2.638 G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the empty string causes the trace\ - output to be sent to the standard error)144 96 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53 -(ote that setting)-7.53 F F1 -.27(BA)144 108 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 + output to be sent to the standard error)144 96 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531 +(ote that setting)-7.531 F F1 -.27(BA)144 108 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le descriptor\) and then unsetti\ -ng it will result in the)2.99 F(standard error being closed.)144 120 Q -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)108 132 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248 -(The search path for the)144 144 R F2(cd)3.748 E F0 3.748(command. This) -3.748 F 1.247(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the) -3.748 F 3.795 +ng it will result in the)2.991 F(standard error being closed.)144 120 Q +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)108 132 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247 +(The search path for the)144 144 R F2(cd)3.747 E F0 3.747(command. This) +3.747 F 1.248(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the) +3.747 F 3.796 (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 156 R F2 -(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 +(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 (alue is)-.25 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 168 Q F0(.)A F2 (CHILD_MAX)108 180 Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 192 R .997 (xited child status v)-.15 F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F -5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his) --3.497 E -.25(va)144 204 S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 +5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his) +-3.498 E -.25(va)144 204 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 (waP)-.25 G 1.077(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 -F 1.078(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 +F 1.077(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 216 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.) --.25 E F2(COLUMNS)108 228 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 240 R F2(select) -3.329 E F0 .828(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ -rinting selection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 252 R 2.006 -(set if the)4.506 F F2(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 264 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(COMPREPL)108 276 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848(An array v) +-.25 E F2(COLUMNS)108 228 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 240 R F2(select) +3.328 E F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ +rinting selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 252 R 2.007 +(set if the)4.507 F F2(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 264 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(COMPREPL)108 276 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847(An array v) 144 288 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F2(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F (in)144 300 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F2 (Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 (w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -312 Q F2(EMA)108 324 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 336 Q F2(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 -(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F3(t)2.535 E -F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F +312 Q F2(EMA)108 324 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 336 Q F2(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 +(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F3(t)2.536 E +F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F (shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 348 Q(uf)-.2 E (fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 360 Q F0(Similar to) 144 360 Q F1 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F4(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G (n)-2.5 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(EXECIGNORE) -108 372 Q F0 2.716(Ac)144 384 S .216 -(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.716 F F2 -.1(Pa)2.717 G -(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .217 -(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .117 -(ignored by command search using)144 396 R F2 -.74(PA)2.617 G(TH)-.21 E -F0 5.117(.F)C .116 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.117 F 1.432 +108 372 Q F0 2.717(Ac)144 384 S .217 +(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F2 -.1(Pa)2.717 G +(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .216 +(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 +(ignored by command search using)144 396 R F2 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E +F0 5.116(.F)C .117 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 (are not considered e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.433(cution via).15 F F2 -.74(PA)144 420 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.909(lookup. 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A)-.25 F .205 -(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F1(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 +(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 516 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 +(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F1(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 (xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 528 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F3(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F2(FUNCNEST)108 -540 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v)144 552 R .231 +540 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 552 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. Function).15 F(in)2.731 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. 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If).2 F .673(this v) -3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +R F3(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) +3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 (set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 420 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 432 Q F3(HOME)108 444 Q F0 1.27 (The home directory of the current user; the def)144 456 R 1.27(ault ar) @@ -2175,70 +2179,70 @@ F3(HOME)108 444 Q F0 1.27 (HOSTFILE)108 480 Q F0 1.015 (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 492 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 504 R .551 +.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 504 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 516 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 516 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 (alue is changed,)-.25 F F3(bash)144 528 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 540 R F3(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 -(attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 552 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 540 R F3(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 +(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 552 Q(When)5 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F3(IFS)108 564 Q F0(The)144 564 Q F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 -(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 -(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +2.25 E F3(IFS)108 564 Q F0(The)144 564 Q F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 576 S(rds with the).1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E (`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F3(IGNOREEOF)108 588 Q F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 600 R .803 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F1(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) 144 612 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 (on an input line before)144 624 R F3(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 636 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 636 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F1(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F3 -(INPUTRC)108 648 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 660 R F3 -.18(re) +(INPUTRC)108 648 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 660 R F3 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F1(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 672 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F3(INSIDE_EMA)108 684 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .887(If this v)144 696 R .887 +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F1(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 672 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F3(INSIDE_EMA)108 684 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .886(If this v)144 696 R .886 (ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .886(vironment when the shell starts,) --.4 F F3(bash)3.386 E F0 .886(assumes that it is running)3.386 F +-.4 F F3(bash)3.386 E F0 .887(assumes that it is running)3.386 F (inside an Emacs shell b)144 708 Q(uf)-.2 E (fer and may disable line editing, depending on the v)-.25 E(alue of) --.25 E F3(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 -E(16)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E F3(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(16)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(LANG)108 84 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 84 R -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 +SF(LANG)108 84 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)144 84 R +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 96 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 108 Q F0 .974 -(This v)144 120 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 +(starting with)144 96 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 108 Q F0 .973 +(This v)144 120 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an)3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 --.25(va)3.473 G .973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 132 -Q(.)-.65 E F1(LC_COLLA)108 144 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 156 R .412 +-.25(va)3.473 G .974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 132 +Q(.)-.65 E F1(LC_COLLA)108 144 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 156 R .412 (ariable determines the collation order used when sorting the results o\ -f pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 -168 R 1.465(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F +f pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 +168 R 1.464(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F (within pathname e)144 180 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1 -(LC_CTYPE)108 192 Q F0 1.935(This v)144 204 R 1.936 +(LC_CTYPE)108 192 Q F0 1.936(This v)144 204 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 216 Q +1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 216 Q (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 228 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(This v)144 240 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) @@ -2246,23 +2250,23 @@ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 276 Q F0(This v) 144 288 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E (gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 300 Q F0 -.055(Used by the)144 300 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 -(Automatically set if the)144 312 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 +.054(Used by the)144 300 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 +(Automatically set if the)144 312 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 (hell upon receipt of a).15 F F2(SIGWINCH)144 324 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 336 Q F0 1.201 (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 336 -R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 +R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.202 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 (informs the user of the arri)144 348 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 360 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 372 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 360 Q F0 .099 +(Speci\214es ho)144 372 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 384 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +mpt.)144 384 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F (or set to a v)144 396 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 408 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 420 S .49 @@ -2280,37 +2284,37 @@ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 408 Q (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 480 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 492 Q F0 .39 -(If set to the v)144 504 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 --.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 516 R -(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in) -2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 528 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 540 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 -(The search path for commands.)144 540 R .587 +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 492 Q F0 .389 +(If set to the v)144 504 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 516 R(UIL) +-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR) +5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 528 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 540 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 +(The search path for commands.)144 540 R .588 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 552 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 552 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 564 S -.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 576 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 576 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) -.1 F(administrator who installs)144 588 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF (/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 600 Q -F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 612 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 624 R -.471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 -E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 -(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 612 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 624 R +.472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 +E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471 +(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 (the startup \214les, as if the)144 636 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 (If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 648 Q F1(bash) -4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F5 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C +4.498 E F0(enables)4.498 E F5 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C 4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F4 1.997 -(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.997(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) .15 E(When the shell enters)144 660 Q F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C 2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E (as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 672 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 @@ -2322,7 +2326,7 @@ E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 (nents to retain when e)144 720 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) 3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(17)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(17)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2335,41 +2339,41 @@ E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS0)108 96 Q F0 1.174(The v)144 96 R 1.174 /Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 108 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 120 Q F0 .064(The v)144 120 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 120 Q F0 .065(The v)144 120 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 132 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 144 Q F0 .118(The v)144 144 R .118 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 156 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 168 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 168 R 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 144 Q F0 .117(The v)144 144 R .117 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) +5.118 E(def)144 156 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 168 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 168 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 192 Q F0 -.101(The v)144 192 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 204 Q F0 .334 -(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F +3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) +144 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 192 Q F0 .1 +(The v)144 192 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 204 Q F0 .335 +(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F +(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)2.584 F (cated multiple times, as necessary)144 216 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E (The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 -(SHELL)108 228 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 240 R +(SHELL)108 228 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 240 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 -F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 252 Q F1(bash) +F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 252 Q F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5 -(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 264 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826 +(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 264 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827 (The v)144 276 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 288 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 -(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 288 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 (an escape sequence that is e)144 300 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 312 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 330 Q F0 2.5 (Al)194 330 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 342 Q/F3 10 @@ -2381,20 +2385,20 @@ F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 (The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 378 Q .87 (The optional)144 394.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 406.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 418.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 430.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 447.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 406.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 418.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 430.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 447.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 459.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 -(If this v)144 476.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 459.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 +(If this v)144 476.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 144 488.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 @@ -2403,184 +2407,184 @@ E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 512.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 524.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 536.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F -.886(ing from a terminal.)144 548.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 536.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F +.885(ing from a terminal.)144 548.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 560.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 572.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 584.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 596.4 -R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 608.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 620.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 632.4 -R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 644.4 R +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 584.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 596.4 +R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 608.4 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 620.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 +632.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 644.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 656.4 S .366(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F -1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -668.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 680.4 Q 1.132 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 656.4 S .367(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F +1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +668.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 680.4 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 692.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +-.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 704.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E -F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E +F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 728.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(18)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(18)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(identi\214er)144 -84 Q(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 96 Q F0 2.07(The tw) +84 Q(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 96 Q F0 2.069(The tw) 144 108 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07 (hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok) --.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 120 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.216(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character) -3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798 +-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.57 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 120 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.215(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character) +3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G 1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798 (signals the start of a history e)144 132 R .798(xpansion, normally `) -.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798(second character is the)3.298 F F3 (quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 144 Q F0 -(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G .239 -(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 (ing one string for another in the command.)144 156 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 -(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 168 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 180 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 192 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +char)144 168 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 180 R 1.293 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 +(skipped for the remaining w)144 192 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 +(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 204 Q F1(Arrays)87 220.8 Q(Bash) -108 232.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +108 232.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 244.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 256.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 268.8 R +2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.328(an array)108 256.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 +(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 268.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 280.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 297.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 309.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A -F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F3(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 -E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E -4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.979 -(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 297.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 309.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A +F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F3(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 +E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 +E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.98 +(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E (w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 333.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 (subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 350.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 367.2 Q .94 +G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 367.2 Q .941 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E -(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) +-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 396 R F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F3(value)108 408 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F3(value)108 408 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F3 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 (When assigning to inde)108 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 432 R 3.91 -(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) --3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) --3.911 F(Inde)108 444 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E -(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 -E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 477.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 +(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 432 R +3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 444 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 477.6 R F1(declar) +2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 489.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) -4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E (of)108 513.6 Q F3(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 525.6 Q(An)108 542.4 Q -3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.576 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 -(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.575 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 +(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 554.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 -(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B -.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.375(of the)108 590.4 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 +1.374(of the)108 590.4 R F2(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 602.4 R F3(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 +2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 (within a w)108 614.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 626.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 -F .228(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 +F .227(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 (\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 650.4 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F3(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 662.4 -R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 662.4 +R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 -(luates to a number).25 F .628 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 674.4 R .928 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G -3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 +(luates to a number).25 F .629 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 674.4 R .929 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G +3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (indices count back from the end of the array)108 686.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 @@ -2589,7 +2593,7 @@ R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0 108 715.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(19)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(19)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2598,89 +2602,90 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(An array v)108 84 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 100.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 100.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 (alues. ${)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A -F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 112.8 S .75(pand to the indices assigned in array v) -.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A +F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 112.8 S .749 +(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 141.6 Q F1(unset) -2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 153.6 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475 -(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) --3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +-.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 153.6 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474 +(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) +-3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614 -(described abo)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.615 E F2 -(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 177.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 +(described abo)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.614 E F2 +(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 177.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 (or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 194.4 R .848 +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .847(When using a v)108 194.4 R .848 (ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C -(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 206.4 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C +(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 206.4 R .345(ord e)-.1 F .345 (xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345 -(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 218.4 Q +(he ar)-2.845 F .344(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.844 E(name e)108 218.4 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 235.2 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0 -3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G +(The)108 235.2 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0 +3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F13.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 -(rray and a)-3.573 F F13.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 +(rray and a)-3.574 F F13.574 E F0 .339 (option to specify an associati)108 247.2 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F12.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 (accepts a)108 259.2 R F12.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 271.2 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 288 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perform\ ed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 300 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) 2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e) 2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .37 (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 324 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 E -.418(The order of e)108 340.8 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 -(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S -.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +.419(The order of e)108 340.8 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 +(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S +.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion.)108 364.8 Q .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 381.6 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 393.6 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .003(After these e)108 410.4 R .003 +-.15 E .002(After these e)108 410.4 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 -(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 +(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 439.2 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19 +E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 439.2 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F --.15(ex)108 451.2 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 -F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 463.2 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.744 -("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 -(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.745 E F2 -(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F +-.15(ex)108 451.2 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 +F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 463.2 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.745 +("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 +(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.744 E F2 +(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 475.2 S (RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 492 Q F2(Br)108.58 504 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 @@ -2689,53 +2694,53 @@ F2(Br)108.58 504 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 528 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 528 R F2(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 540 R .563 (wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563 (he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\ ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \ -resulting string, e)108 552 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 -564 Q .718(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 +resulting string, e)108 552 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +564 Q .719(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 (The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) 108 592.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) -108 609.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 -(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A -F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y) -3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 609.6 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F2(y) +3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -633.6 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 645.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) -2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +633.6 R F2(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 645.6 R .015(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 657.6 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F (xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) .15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 681.6 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 681.6 R F2(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F2(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) -.25 E(between each term.)108 693.6 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 -710.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.209 -(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.209(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209 +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 +710.4 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.208 +(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.208(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209 (It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209 -(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.208 +(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.209 (yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(20)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(20)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2743,17 +2748,17 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(conte)108 84 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 (unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .255(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-) --.15 E 2.911(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +-.15 E 2.91(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F (xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 148.8 Q (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ @@ -2764,167 +2769,168 @@ gs to be generated is)108 165.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 177.6 Q .3 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0 -.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 -(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 +(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 (If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 324 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 -F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087 +87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 324 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 +F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) 108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .726 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .523 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .093 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .092 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 412.8 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 412.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -436.8 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 448.8 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +436.8 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 448.8 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) 108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 494.4 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 494.4 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 535.2 R .023 -(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F -.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 547.2 Q .77 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 -.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +(alue.)-.25 E .024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 535.2 R .024 +(xpansion on w)-.15 F .023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F +.023(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 547.2 Q .769 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 +.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F -.15(ex)108 559.2 S(cept for the).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F2 (posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(Pa)87 576 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 -1.605(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 612 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +1.606(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 612 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 624 -Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) -108 640.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 652.8 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 -(The v)144 693.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F -F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +Q 1.189 +(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 +640.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +652.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 664.8 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(})A 1.204(The v)144 693.6 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 705.6 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 (be interpreted as part of its name.)144 717.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) 5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 729.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(21)194.555 E 0 Cg +(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(21)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .346 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .347 (If the \214rst character of)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C -2.847(ti)-2.847 G(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 96 S -2.15 -.25(ev e) --2.907 H 2.907(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash) +E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C +2.846(ti)-2.846 G(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 96 S -2.15 -.25(ev e) +-2.906 H 2.906(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash) 5.406 E F0 .406(uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 (xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F1(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 -(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 108 Q F0 -2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F -.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 -(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 120 Q F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 -(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 -(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 132 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 F -2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 -(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.907 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 108 Q F0 +2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .078 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 120 Q F1(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 +(his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 132 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 F +2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 (name of the parameter referenced by)108 144 R F1(par)4.01 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 156 R .387(xceptions to this are the e) +(xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 156 R .387(xceptions to this are the e) -.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .387 -(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 +(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 168 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G (he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334 (In each of the cases belo)108 184.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E(d) -.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e) -.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 -196.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089(When not performing substring e)108 213.6 +196.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09(When not performing substring e)108 213.6 R 1.089(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 -G(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 -(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 225.6 Q(Omitti\ -ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +G(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 +(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 225.6 Q(Omitt\ +ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E (${)108 242.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) -A F2 .723(Use Default V)144 254.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 -E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F -.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) -3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 266.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +A F2 .722(Use Default V)144 254.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 +E F1(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F +.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 266.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 278.4 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 -(Assign Default V)144 290.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1 -(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F -2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 -(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 -G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 +(Assign Default V)144 290.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1 +(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F +2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 +(is assigned to)5.274 F F1(par)144 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 +G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 314.4 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E (${)108 326.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 338.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 350.4 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 350.4 R +.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F (interacti)144 362.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 374.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 @@ -2937,116 +2943,116 @@ F2 .535(Display Err)144 338.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) 144 434.4 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 -(character speci\214ed by)144 446.4 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 -(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 +(character speci\214ed by)144 446.4 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 +(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) -3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 458.4 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F2(*) +3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 458.4 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 -(substring of the v)144 470.4 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F -F1(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) --.15 F .847(end of the v)144 482.4 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 +(substring of the v)144 470.4 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F +F1(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) +-.15 F .846(end of the v)144 482.4 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 (and)3.346 E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 494.4 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 518.4 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 494.4 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 518.4 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 530.4 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.045(end of the v)144 530.4 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 542.4 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 554.4 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 +(of)144 542.4 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 554.4 R +.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 566.4 Q -.2 (vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 590.4 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 -E F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 602.4 R .6 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 590.4 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 +E F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 602.4 R .6 (en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G 3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 614.4 -R 5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G -.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .64(to the last positional parameter)144 614.4 R +5.64(.I)-.55 G 3.14(ti)-5.64 G 3.14(sa)-3.14 G 3.139(ne)-3.14 G .639 +(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.139 E F0 -.25(eva)3.139 G .639 (luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 626.4 Q(If)144 650.4 Q F1 -(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 -(the array be)144 662.4 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 -(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) -.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 674.4 R -3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079 -(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079 -(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 +-3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082 +(the array be)144 662.4 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081 +(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo) +.15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 674.4 R +3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F +6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G +1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08 (luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 686.4 Q(Substring e)144 710.4 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H (rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(22)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(22)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.93 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.931 (Substring inde)144 84 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional\ - parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 96 Q .307 -(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F/F1 10 + parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 96 Q .306 +(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 (is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.806 E F0 .306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E +/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.807 E F0 .307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E (to the list.)144 108 Q(${)108 124.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 (*)A F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 -.084(Names matching pr)144 148.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) --2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 160.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F -.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 172.8 Q +.085(Names matching pr)144 148.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) +-2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 160.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F +.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 172.8 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 189.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 201.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 213.6 R(eys) +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 213.6 R(eys) -.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) 4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.596(assigned in)144 225.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1 -(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0 +.595(assigned in)144 225.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1 +(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -254.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 266.4 S .47 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) --5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -278.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +254.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 266.4 S .471 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 +(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) +2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) +4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 278.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) +3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 +6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 (array name subscripted by)144 290.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 -(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 314.4 R 1.272 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 +(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 314.4 R 1.273 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) 144 326.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 343.2 Q F1 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 355.2 Q F1 @@ -3054,90 +3060,89 @@ G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 343.2 Q F1 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.543(name e)144 379.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +.544(name e)144 379.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 391.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E -F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 391.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.221 G(tter).1 E 3.221(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.221 E +F0(belo)3.221 E 4.521 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.221(ft).65 G .721 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.221 F .722(ginning of the v)-.15 F .722 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.222 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 (then the result of the e)144 403.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 -415.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F .183(pattern \(the `)144 +415.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 427.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E -F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F1(par)3.934 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F2(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 427.2 Q F2(*)3.019 E +F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 439.2 R(If) +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.121(sion is the resultant list.)144 439.2 R(If) 6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F 1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*) -3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 451.2 Q -.25 +3.622 E F0 3.622(,t)C 1.122(he pattern)-3.622 F(remo)144 451.2 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) -2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 463.2 Q(${)108 480 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 492 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 -504 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 -5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +504 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 +5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 516 -S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 528 S(tter).1 -E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 +S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 528 S(tter).1 +E 4.592(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.592 E F0(belo)4.592 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) --4.592 F 2.092(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 540 Q +-4.592 F 2.093(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.093(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 540 Q (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 552 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D +(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.084 +(matching pattern \(the `)144 552 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2 -(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par) -145.25 564 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2 -(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G -2.659(lo).25 G .16 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 -(and the e)144 576 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.51 -E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F2(*)3.009 E -F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 588 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G -.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 600 Q(${)108 +(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F1(par) +145.25 564 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F2(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(*) +2.66 E F0 2.66(,t)C .16(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo) +.25 G .159(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,) +-2.659 F .509(and the e)144 576 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.) +-.15 F(If)5.509 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v) +3.739 F .51(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F2 +(*)3.01 E F0(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 588 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923 +(lo).25 G .422 +(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) +-2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 600 Q(${)108 616.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 -(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 628.8 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 -E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F -1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) +(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 628.8 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 +E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F +1.107(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion,)144 640.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 (is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1 -(string)144 652.8 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 -(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1 -(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E -4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 664.8 Q F0(be) -2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 -(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) -2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 -(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 676.8 R -F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 -(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 -(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 688.8 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 -(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 -3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F -.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 700.8 Q F0 .958 -(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 -(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E -F1(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F -F2(nocasematch)144 712.8 Q F0 .492 +(string)144 652.8 Q F0 5.396(.T)C .396 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F2 -.1 +(Pa)2.897 G(tter).1 E 2.897(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.897 E F0(belo)2.897 E +4.197 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.897 E(tern)144 664.8 Q F0(be) +2.57 E .07(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.57 E F0 2.57(,a)C .07(ll matches of) +-2.57 F F1(pattern)2.57 E F0 .069(are replaced with)2.569 F F1(string) +2.569 E F0 5.069(.N)C .069(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.069 F +2.579(replaced. If)144 676.8 R F1(pattern)2.579 E F0(be)2.579 E .079 +(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.579 E F0 2.579(,i)C 2.579(tm)-2.579 G .079 +(ust match at the be)-2.579 F .08(ginning of the e)-.15 F .08(xpanded v) +-.15 F .08(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.58 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 688.8 Q F0 +5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(pattern)3.262 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with) +-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761 +(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F .761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.261 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 +(string)144 700.8 Q F0 .957(is null, matches of)3.457 F F1(pattern)3.457 +E F0 .958(are deleted and the)3.457 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E +(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958(may be omitted.)3.458 F .958 +(If the)5.958 F F2(nocasematch)144 712.8 Q F0 .492 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) -144 724.8 R(If)5.884 E F1(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F2(@) -3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 +(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .883(betic characters.) +144 724.8 R(If)5.883 E F1(par)4.633 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.113 E F2(@) +3.383 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .884 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(23)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(23)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3146,22 +3151,22 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.002 (parameter in turn, and the e)144 84 R 1.002 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(par)4.752 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002 -(ariable sub-)-.25 F .159(scripted with)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitutio\ +SF(par)4.752 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.001 +(ariable sub-)-.25 F .158(scripted with)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(@)2.658 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitutio\ n operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F (the e)144 108 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 124.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F1(par) A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 148.8 Q F1(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation) -144 172.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation) +144 172.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 184.8 Q -F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 196.8 -S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 184.8 Q +F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 196.8 +S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 @@ -3170,88 +3175,88 @@ F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 -.15(ve)144 220.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 232.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +1.547(letters to lo)144 232.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 -E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 256.8 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 +E F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 256.8 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 268.8 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If)5.469 E F1 +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If)5.468 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 292.8 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 309.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 321.6 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 333.6 R F1 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -345.6 Q F2(Q)144 369.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 369.6 R 1.064 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 333.6 R F1 +(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +345.6 Q F2(Q)144 369.6 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 369.6 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 381.6 Q F2(E)144 393.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 393.6 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 381.6 Q F2(E)144 393.6 Q F0 .44(The e)180 393.6 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 405.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 417.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 417.6 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 405.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E +F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 417.6 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 417.6 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 429.6 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 441.6 Q F0 1.138 +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 441.6 Q F0 1.137 (The e)180 441.6 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 453.6 Q +F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 453.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 465.6 Q F0 (The e)180 465.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.811 E F2(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F2(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 494.4 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) -5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E -F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E +-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 494.4 S .129(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.129 E F1(par)3.879 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.359 F +.13(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F2(*)2.63 E +F0 2.63(,t)C .13(he oper)-2.63 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -506.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 530.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 542.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 559.2 Q F1 -1.698(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 600 Q F1 +506.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.85(The result of the e) +144 530.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described)-.15 F +(belo)144 542.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 559.2 Q F1 +1.697(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 600 Q F1 (command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 612 Q F2<92>144 624 Q F1(command)A F2 -<92>A(Bash)108 640.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.588 E F0 -.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) +<92>A(Bash)108 640.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.589 E F0 +.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) 108 652.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) 108 664.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le) -2.692 E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 676.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.691 E F1(\214le) +2.691 E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 676.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 693.6 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 705.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ +.315(when follo)108 705.6 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2 +<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 717.6 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 717.6 R 1.386(using the $\() +3.886 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(24)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(24)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3262,57 +3267,57 @@ BP .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 96 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 112.8 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 F(on the results.)108 124.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Arithmetic Expansion)87 141.6 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 153.6 R 1.034 -(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 -(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 +(Arithmetic Expansion)87 141.6 Q F0 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 153.6 R 1.035 +(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 +(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 165.6 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() 144 182.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 -(\)\))A F0(The)108 199.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 211.2 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +(\)\))A F0(The)108 199.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 +.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 +(treated specially)108 211.2 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 235.2 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 252 R +-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 +(tution, and quote remo)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 235.2 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 252 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 264 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 264 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) 2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 280.8 Q (ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 292.8 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 304.8 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 304.8 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 316.8 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 328.8 R .559 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 328.8 R .56 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 340.8 Q .309 +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 340.8 Q .308 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 352.8 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 369.6 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 369.6 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 381.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 398.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 410.4 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +-.75(Wo)87 398.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 410.4 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 422.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 439.2 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 @@ -3320,129 +3325,129 @@ F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) 108 451.2 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 463.2 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -()3.336 E F0(,)A F1()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 -()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 475.2 R .345 +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 463.2 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +()3.337 E F0(,)A F1()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 +()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 475.2 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 487.2 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 487.2 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -499.2 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 -E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 +499.2 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 +E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) +-.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 (ter is in the v)108 511.2 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 -(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 -(along with an)108 523.2 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 -E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) -5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 -535.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927 -(Explicit null ar)108 552 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0 -(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 +3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) +3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 523.2 +R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 +F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 535.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 +G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 552 R 1.927 +(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G +F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 564 R .485 +6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 564 R .484 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 -G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 -E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 576 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 +G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 +E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 576 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 (passed to a command as an empty string.)108 588 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 600 S .175 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 600 S .176 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F52.676 -E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 612 +/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F52.675 +E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 612 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 628.8 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 645.6 -S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 657.6 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 +S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 657.6 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 669.6 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 (cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 681.6 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 -(are found, and the shell option)108 693.6 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 -(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 -(If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 -(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 705.6 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 -(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009 +(are found, and the shell option)108 693.6 R F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008 +(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008 +(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(option is)2.508 F .442 +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 705.6 R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443 +(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38 (found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 717.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F1 -(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 +(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 (enabled, the match is performed without re)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 -(When a pattern is used)5.103 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) -145.395 E(25)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 +(When a pattern is used)5.104 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(25)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .377 -(for pathname e)108 84 R .377(xpansion, the character)-.15 F/F1 10 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .378 +(for pathname e)108 84 R .378(xpansion, the character)-.15 F/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .378 -(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 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SF(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F2 +(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE)108 184.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le \ +name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) +4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E(remo)108 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G +1.415(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 (nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F -1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 .147 -(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F +1.414(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 .146 +(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 +(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 220.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 232.8 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) +-.25 F .682(enabling the)108 232.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 244.8 Q -1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 244.8 Q +1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F3(.)A F0(The)108 -256.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 +(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E F3(.)A F0(The)108 +256.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 (The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 268.8 Q F1 (extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 285.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 302.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ @@ -3455,9 +3460,9 @@ ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) -.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 338.4 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 355.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 372 Q F0 .377(Matches an) -180 372 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 372 Q F0 .376(Matches an) +180 372 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 (shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 384 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) -.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 @@ -3467,63 +3472,64 @@ F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 408 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G (djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 420 Q F0 (Matches an)180 420 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -([...])144 432 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 432 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 444 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +([...])144 432 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 432 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 444 R F4 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G -.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 -G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) -6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 468 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F1 -([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 -(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 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F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 504 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 516 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 504 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 516 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 528 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +180 528 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F (including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 540 Q -.4(Wi)180 -558 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15 -(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 570 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +558 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch) +3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 570 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 582 R 8.173 (wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 594 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 606 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 -G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 -(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +4.289(Ac)180 606 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 618 Q -.4(Wi) -180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 -(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ +180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 648 R (the character)180 660 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 678 S(thin).4 E F1 ([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -706.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 +706.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) 108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(26)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(26)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3541,17 +3547,17 @@ E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E -.968(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F -.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +.969(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F +.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 (alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 220.8 R 1.23 (Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F (using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 232.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 249.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 -E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.112 +E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.113 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 290.4 Q F0 .545 (Before a command is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 @@ -3559,47 +3565,46 @@ E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.112 (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 (by the shell.)108 314.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ -the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 -(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 +-.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ + the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 +(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 338.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -350.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 +350.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G +.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) +stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) 108 391.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 403.2 -S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 -F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 403.2 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 415.2 Q -F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 -(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238 -(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 -(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 439.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 456 R .283(wing description\ -s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ -r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 -3.012(,t)C .512 +F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F +1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo) +-.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor) +-.25 F(himself.)108 439.2 Q .283(In the follo)108 456 R .284(wing descr\ +iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\ +aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<) +3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 480 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 496.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 520.8 R -.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 496.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 520.8 R +.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 549.6 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 566.4 Q F1(>)2.5 @@ -3611,19 +3616,19 @@ Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 628.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 657.6 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .978 +F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 657.6 R .978 +(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .977 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 669.6 Q (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 698.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(27) -194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E +(27)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3635,21 +3640,21 @@ SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 (File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr) -.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q (v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 -168 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) @@ -3660,43 +3665,43 @@ an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2 (n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 364.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 -R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F +108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F -.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 451.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 (Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 (This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3707,13 +3712,13 @@ F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q +-.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G +.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(28)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(28)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3721,7 +3726,7 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) --.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ +-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) 108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E @@ -3733,31 +3738,31 @@ F0(.).77 E 192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 (Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 (is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 +-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 (are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 (If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G @@ -3766,46 +3771,46 @@ C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q -F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 +F2(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S -1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .374(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) 108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q +568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q (The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R -(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) -4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) -3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F12.754 E +(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F12.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(29)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(29)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3814,19 +3819,19 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 -(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 -(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) --3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 +(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 +(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) +-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 +(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 192 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 -(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 -2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2 +(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 +2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3835,36 +3840,36 @@ A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 -E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 403.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 @@ -3879,198 +3884,197 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 -(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 530.4 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 -(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 -G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277 -(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F -.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .613 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 590.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 -(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 -602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2 -S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 518.4 R 3.17(eu) +-.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E +1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.074(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 +F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ +and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G +.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F 1.472(not af)108 +566.4 R 1.473(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.973(wa)-.25 G 3.973(lias. This) +-3.973 F(beha)3.973 E 1.473(vior is also an issue when functions are e) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.973(cuted. Aliases).15 F(are)3.973 E -.15(ex)108 +578.4 S .61(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ +unction is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .609 +(cuted, because a function de\214ni-).15 F .711 +(tion is itself a command.)108 590.4 R .711 +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.711 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .712(ilable until after that).25 F 1.186(function is e)108 +602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.686(cuted. T).15 F 3.686(ob)-.8 G 3.686(es) +-3.686 G 1.185(afe, al)-3.686 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.185 +(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1 +(alias)3.685 E F0(in)3.685 E(compound commands.)108 614.4 Q -.15(Fo)108 +631.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.467(As)108 648 S .967 +(FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.467(As)108 660 S .967 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 660 R +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 (cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .639(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 708 R -F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) --.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G -(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 -E(30)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.659(The special parameter)108 720 +R F1(#)4.159 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.159 F +1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.658(is unchanged.) +4.158 F 1.658(The \214rst)6.658 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(30)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.25 -(All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25 -(cution en).15 F 1.25 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(element of the)108 +84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 +100.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 96 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(DEB)3.715 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 -E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 --.2(bu)3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 108 S -(IL).09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 112.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar) +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 (shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 132 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +108 148.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 (traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .656 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 177.6 S .656 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 172.8 R .05 +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 189.6 R .05 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) -.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F2(local) 2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G (isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ -hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 184.8 R 1.185(Local v) -6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 196.8 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 +hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 201.6 R 1.185(Local v) +6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 213.6 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) -.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F .155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 -208.8 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ - to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 220.8 R .688 +225.6 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ + to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 237.6 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .727 -(The shell uses)108 249.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 249.6 Q .727 +(The shell uses)108 266.4 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727 (dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G -.726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 261.6 R .007 +.726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 278.4 R .007 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) -108 273.6 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +108 290.4 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 (ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 285.6 Q +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 302.4 Q 2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) -108 297.6 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +108 314.4 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -314.4 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +331.2 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 (var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1) 2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 (calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 326.4 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +(references to)108 343.2 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) -2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from) 2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F -(y)-.15 E(global v)108 338.4 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 355.2 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The)108 372 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 (iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 (ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 -(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 367.2 R .19 +(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 384 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.721(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ - unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ -func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .013 +-5.19 E 2.721(av)108 396 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is u\ +nset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the fu\ +nc-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 408 R .013 (Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 (nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 (vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) -108 403.2 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F -3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 -(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 415.2 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 +108 420 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.066 +(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 +(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 432 Q +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 448.8 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 477.6 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.011 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 489.6 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 484.8 R +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 501.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 496.8 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 513.6 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 513.6 R F2 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 530.4 R F2 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 525.6 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 +3.39(mands. The)108 542.4 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 537.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +.326(\214le and line number)108 554.4 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G (he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 549.6 R +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 566.4 R 1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.798 E F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 (iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F -(deleted using the)108 561.6 Q F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 +(deleted using the)108 578.4 Q F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 (unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi) -108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 +108 595.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 590.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 607.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 602.4 Q .3 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 619.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -619.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 -(The shell allo)108 631.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 -(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E F0 -(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 643.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 -(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) -2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 655.2 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F -1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 +636 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo) +108 648 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G 2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F +F2(let)4.798 E F0(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 660 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.684 G .183(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183 +(compound command, and)2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 +2.683(\). Ev)B .183(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 672 Q 1.057 +(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 667.2 R(vity)-.25 E +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 684 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F -(lo)108 679.2 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) -5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 691.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(31)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(lo)108 696 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)5.44 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F +(of decreasing precedence.)108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(31)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4079,9 +4083,9 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E F2 A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 -E F2(++)108 108 Q F1(id)A F22.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 120 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 132 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 132 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0 +E F2 2.5108 108 S F0(unary minus and plus)144 108 Q F2(++)108 120 +Q F1(id)A F22.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 132 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0 (logical and bitwise ne)144 144 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 156 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 156 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0 (multiplication, di)144 168 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108 @@ -4142,350 +4146,355 @@ R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) (Conditional e)108 583.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) 2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R .77 -(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 607.2 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 -(handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 -(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 -(re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 -(the operating system on which)108 619.2 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 -(is running pro)2.693 F .193 -(vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F -.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 631.2 R .589 -(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 643.2 Q -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor)-2.916 F F1(n) -2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1 -(\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 655.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 -(/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +1.233(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R 1.233 +(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)6.234 E +F2(test)3.734 E F0(abd)3.734 E F2([)3.734 E F0 1.234 +(commands determine their)3.734 F(beha)108 607.2 Q .997 +(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .996 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 3.496(yo) +-.15 G .996(ther com-)-3.496 F(mand-speci\214c actions.)108 619.2 Q .234 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 636 R .234 +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 +(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425 +(cially when the)108 648 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F +2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F +F2(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F +1.153(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate th\ +em internally with this beha)108 660 R 1.153(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E +F1(\214le)3.653 E F0(ar)108 672 Q .426 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)2.926 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.926(,t)C .426(hen \214le descriptor)-2.926 F F1(n) +2.926 E F0 .426(is check)2.926 F 2.926(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.926 E F1 +(\214le)2.926 E F0(ar)2.926 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 684 R F1(/de)2.529 E +(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) +-2.53 E F1(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 672 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 684 Q -1.095(When used with)108 702 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E -F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(32)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +108 712.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 724.8 +Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(32)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.095 +(When used with)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C +(he)-3.595 E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095 +(operators sort le)3.595 F 1.095 +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F1(test) +3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 96 Q F1 +108 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 -96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 108 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 -120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 132 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re) -.15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -144 156 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +132 Q 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+F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 276 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1 -108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 264 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 288 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 300 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 -276 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 288 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 300 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 324 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 336 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 336 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -108 312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if).35 E F2 +108 348 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 324 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 336 Q F1 -(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(fecti)-.25 E .3 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F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +432 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 408 Q F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 444 Q F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 456 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 (optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 468 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 480 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 492 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 -468 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +504 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 516 S(ue if the shell v).35 E (ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1108 492 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 504 S +2.68 E F1108 528 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 540 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 516 Q F1108 528 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 540 S +108 552 Q F1108 564 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 576 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 556.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 568.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 580.8 S .861 +(string1)108 592.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 604.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 616.8 S .861 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 (should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E 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-(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(33)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(33)190.395 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 -E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 96 Q F0 .385 -(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 -(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 -2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>)2.5 E F1 +(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0 +(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E +(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 112.8 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 +E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 124.8 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2 +(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A +F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2 +(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 (hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.885 E (g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ -qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1(ar)144 -120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 136.8 R F1(ar)144 +148.8 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E (.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E 3.59 (gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0(command,) -144 132 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 E(g2)-.37 E F0 -.71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-) --.54 E(TION)144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 160.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 -(When a simple command is e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +144 160.8 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 E(g2)-.37 E +F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71(luated as arithmetic e).25 F +3.209(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E +(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 172.8 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 189.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 +.613(When a simple command is e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 (cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 184.8 Q(1.)108 201.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 201.6 R 1.849 +108 213.6 Q(1.)108 230.4 Q 1.849(The w)144 230.4 R 1.849 (ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 230.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 230.4 R +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 259.2 Q 1.163(The w)144 259.2 R 1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -242.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +271.2 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 254.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 271.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 271.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 288 Q .716(The te)144 288 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 +(are the ar)144 283.2 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 300 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.)108 +316.8 Q .716(The te)144 316.8 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 300 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 328.8 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 312 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 328.8 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 340.8 Q +.332(If no command name results, the v)108 357.6 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 340.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 369.6 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 352.8 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 381.6 R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 364.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 381.6 R +(the command e)108 393.6 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 410.4 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 393.6 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 422.4 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 410.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 439.2 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -422.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +451.2 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 434.4 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 463.2 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 446.4 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 463.2 Q F0 -.547(After a command has been split into w)108 475.2 R .546 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 475.2 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 492 Q F0 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 504 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 487.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E -(en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 504 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 516 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E(en.) +-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts \ +to locate it.)108 532.8 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 516 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 -(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 -E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 528 Q 2.5 +108 544.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS) +2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 556.8 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 544.8 R .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 573.6 R .31 (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 -(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 556.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 585.6 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) -.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 (uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 -568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 -(search of the directories in)108 580.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E +(search of the directories in)108 609.6 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 592.8 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 604.8 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 + a de\214ned shell function named)108 621.6 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 633.6 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 (hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 (vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 -(and the original command')108 616.8 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +(and the original command')108 645.6 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G .255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 (se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F -.263(tus of that subshell.)108 628.8 R .263(If that function is not de\ +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 657.6 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 -(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 640.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 669.6 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) -108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 -(named program in a separate e)108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +108 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 681.6 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 710.4 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 698.4 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 727.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 710.4 R F1 .678 -(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 -(le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 722.4 R .329 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) -145.395 E(34)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(34)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.219(the e)108 84 -R 1.219 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .678 +(assumed to be a)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script) +3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678(le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F +3.178(As)5.678 G .678(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .677(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 96 R .329 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 108 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 -G(nder)-3.719 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 96 S(IL) -.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 +-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 +G(nder)-3.719 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 120 S(IL) +.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 (are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 112.8 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ +108 136.8 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. 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Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 705.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 -(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 717.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(52)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +108 712.8 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E 2.03 +(If the)108 729.6 R F1 2.03(\255o plusdirs)4.53 F F0 2.03(option w)4.53 +F 2.029(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)4.529 E F0 2.029 +(when the compspec w)4.529 F 2.029(as de\214ned, directory name)-.1 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(52)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F 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a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ -d, the programmable completion func-)108 160.8 R .632(tions force readl\ -ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ -rectories, subject)108 172.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 184.8 R 2.762 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 +160.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 177.6 R .632(tions force\ + readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ + to directories, subject)108 189.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 201.6 R 2.762 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 196.8 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 213.6 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -213.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 -(tion with a def)108 225.6 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +230.4 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 242.4 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ -uld be retried by returning an e)108 237.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +uld be retried by returning an e)108 254.4 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 249.6 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 261.6 R .666 +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 266.4 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 278.4 R .666 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -273.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +290.4 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) -.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 285.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 302.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 302.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +E -.15(Fo)108 319.2 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 314.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 331.2 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 331.2 Q({)108 343.2 Q 6 -(.")144 355.2 S -(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -367.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -379.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 408 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 420 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 348 Q({)108 360 Q 6(.") +144 372 S(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 +E(})108 384 Q +(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 396 Q +/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 424.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 +(When the)108 436.8 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 (option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 432 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 448.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 (The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 444 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +F .43(mands to sa)108 460.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 (istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 (HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -456 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 468 S -4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +472.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 484.8 +S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 480 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .082 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 496.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 496.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +108 513.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -508.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +525.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 520.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 537.6 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 532.8 S +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 549.6 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 544.8 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 561.6 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 -(stamps for the follo)108 556.8 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 573.6 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 568.8 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 +.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 585.6 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 ($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 580.8 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A +(copied from the history list to)108 597.6 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F1(shopt)108 -592.8 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +609.6 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 604.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) +.197(history \214le is o)108 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) .15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 616.8 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +(If the)108 633.6 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 628.8 R +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 645.6 R 3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 (ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 (This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 640.8 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 657.6 R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G 1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 652.8 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +(truncated to contain no more than)108 669.6 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 664.8 Q +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 681.6 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 681.6 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +(The b)108 698.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) 2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 (belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 693.6 R +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 710.4 R (The)5.472 E F1(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 705.6 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 717.6 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(53)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F 1.603 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 722.4 R 1.604 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)6.604 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 1.604(ilable in each).25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(53)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.486 -(The shell allo)108 84 R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986 -(rw).15 G 1.486(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 -G 3.986(nt)-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E/F1 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.985 E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1 -(HISTIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(editing mode that pro)108 84 Q(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E +1.486(The shell allo)108 100.8 R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986 +(do).15 G 3.986(nt)-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E +/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.985 E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1 +(HISTIGNORE)108 112.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457 (riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o)-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(cmdhist)108 108 Q F0 .75 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(cmdhist)108 124.8 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 120 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 136.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 132 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -.374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 148.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 144 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(description of the)108 160.8 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 -(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 156 -Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 172.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G -(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 -184.8 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F -.61(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 -F .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 196.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G -3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 +172.8 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 189.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 +(The shell supports a history e)108 201.6 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 213.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 208.8 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 225.6 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 (iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 220.8 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 237.6 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 237.6 R 1.305 +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 254.4 R 1.305 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 249.6 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 266.4 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -278.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 290.4 S .252 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 278.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +295.2 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 307.2 S .252 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 (vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 302.4 Q .145 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 319.2 Q .145 (es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 314.4 R .766 -(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 326.4 R/F4 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 331.2 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 343.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F4(wor) 2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F4(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) -.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 338.4 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 355.2 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) --.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 350.4 +-.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 367.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) --.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 362.4 R .355 +-.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 379.2 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 (xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) 3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 -374.4 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 +391.2 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ -tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 386.4 R -(string.)108 398.4 Q(Se)108 415.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 403.2 R +(string.)108 415.2 Q(Se)108 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 427.2 T -3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G -.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 456 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 468 R F2 +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 444 T 3.163 +(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662 +(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)-.25 +F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2(extglob) +3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E F0 +(will also inhibit e)108 456 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 472.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 484.8 R F2 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 480 R +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 496.8 R 5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F -1.516(is reloaded into the)108 492 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515 -(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 504 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 -(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 508.8 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 520.8 +Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 516 S -.25(ff).2 G +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 532.8 S -.25(ff).2 G 1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F23.661 E F0 1.161 (option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 528 S -.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F22.555 E -F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056 -(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 544.8 +S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F22.555 +E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G +.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 556.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 556.8 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 573.6 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) -.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 -568.8 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +585.6 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) .15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). 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If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) -145.395 E(62)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(62)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7699,8 +7714,8 @@ R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(63) -194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(63) +190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7824,7 +7839,8 @@ F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F .321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 710.4 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(64)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(64)190.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7936,7 +7952,7 @@ E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 703.2 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 715.2 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 715.2 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(65)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(65)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8076,8 +8092,8 @@ F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 710.4 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 727.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) -145.395 E(66)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(66)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8192,7 +8208,7 @@ when rotating or adding directories to the)180 688.8 R 3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 724.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(67)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(67)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8316,359 +8332,361 @@ E F0(Display)180 662.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 144 686.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) 180 686.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 698.4 Q -(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E -(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1144 -710.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 710.4 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(68)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 +698.4 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E +.493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) +180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(68)190.395 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q -F1 -.18(re)2.929 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F +SF144 84 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 84 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 +144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 108 Q +F1 -.18(re)2.928 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F -.56(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 108 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 120 Q +.561(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 120 R F2(timeout)3.061 E +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 132 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -132 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 144 R .59 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 156 S(riable) +144 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 156 R .589 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 168 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 168 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 180 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -180 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .772 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 232.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 244.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 261.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +192 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 204 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 204 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 +(If no)144 220.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 232.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .773 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F +-.25(va)144 244.8 S 2.004 +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 256.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 273.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 285.6 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 297.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 297.6 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 309.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 309.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 321.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 321.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 333.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 333.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 -2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 345.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 345.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -357.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 357.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +369.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 369.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 381.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 381.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 410.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E -F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 434.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 393.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 410.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 422.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 434.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E +F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 446.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 -446.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E -F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 -(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 -(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 506.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 518.4 R -.15 +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144 +458.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) +3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39 +(determine the status is the last command e)144 470.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) +.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 +.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 +E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 +(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) +144 506.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 518.4 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 530.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 530.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 +E .75(mand associated with the)144 542.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 542.4 Q F1 -(set)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 554.4 Q F1 +(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 595.2 S .835 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 595.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 607.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) -2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 607.2 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 619.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 619.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 631.2 R 1.623 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 631.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. 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See)B/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 216 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G -2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -228 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 240 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -252 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 264 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -264 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 276 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 276 R 3.965(ace. This) --.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -288 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 318 Q -F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -330 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 342 Q F1 -144 354 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 354 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 366 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 378 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 390 R .38 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) --.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 402 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 414 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +216 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 228 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G +2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 +240 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 252 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +264 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 276 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +276 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 288 Q F0 1.465 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 288 R 3.966(ace. This) +-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 +300 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 312 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 330 Q +F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +342 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 354 Q F1 +144 366 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 366 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 378 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)184 390 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 402 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 414 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 426 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 426 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G -.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 438 Q F1144 450 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 462 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 462 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 438 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 450 Q F1144 462 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 462 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1144 474 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 474 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 474 R 2.682 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 486 R 2.683 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 486 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 498 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -498 Q F1144 510 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 510 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)184 522 R +510 Q F1144 522 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 522 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 534 Q F0 .315(After e)184 534 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 -534 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 +546 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 546 Q +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 558 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 558 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 558 R 2.578 +144 570 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 570 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 570 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 582 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 582 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 594 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 594 R F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 606 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 606 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 618 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 618 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 -(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1 -144 654 Q F0(Enable)184 654 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 678 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 678 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 690 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 702 R(def)2.685 +.15 F(tor)184 618 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 630 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 630 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 654 Q F1 +144 666 Q F0(Enable)184 666 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 678 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 690 Q F0 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 690 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 +(that change the current w)184 702 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 714 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 714 Q(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(71)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(mands which change the current directory)184 726 Q(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(71)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8682,1002 +8700,1023 @@ SF144 84 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 84 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on) (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 108 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 120 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G -.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) -.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1144 144 Q F0 1.944 +F0 .4(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 144 Q F0 1.945 (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 144 R F2(ar)4.444 E -(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 156 R F1 -3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 156 R F1 +3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144 184.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 350.4 R .826 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2 -(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 -(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 -(options. The)144 374.4 R F12.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ -o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 -E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 350.4 R .825 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.325 E F0 .826 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F +.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2 +(optnames)3.052 E F0 .551 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549 +(options. The)144 374.4 R F12.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \ +to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other) +5.05 E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 410.4 Q F0 (Disable \(unset\) each)180 410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 -E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 458.4 Q F0 (Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 475.2 R F1 -3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 475.2 R F1 +3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 (set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 499.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 +516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) -.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.944 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.945 (If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 (rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .857 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F -(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .199 +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 622.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(72)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(72)190.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 108 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 120 Q -F0 .448(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 144 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +F0 .449(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 144 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 (attempted without an interv)184 156 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 168 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 168 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G (obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 180 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 (ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 204 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G -(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2 -(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 216 Q F0 1.202 -(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 --.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 204 Q 4.694(,u)-.65 G +2.194(pdates the v)-4.694 F 2.194(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)4.694 E F0 +(and)4.444 E F2(COLUMNS)4.693 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.193 +(This option is enabled by)6.693 F(def)184 216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(cmdhist) +144 228 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -228 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 +240 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 -(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 240 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 +(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 252 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 (ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 252 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 -(compat31)144 264 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 264 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 +(compat31)144 276 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 288 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 (changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) -184 288 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 +184 300 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 (=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 300 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +(using the)184 312 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) -.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 -(use ASCII collation and)184 312 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(use ASCII collation and)184 324 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 324 Q F4(str) -2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 336 Q F0 1.41(If set,) -184 348 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 336 Q F4(str) +2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 348 Q F0 1.41(If set,) +184 360 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 (ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 360 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 372 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 372 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 384 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 384 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 396 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 396 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 408 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 +F1(compat40)144 408 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 420 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(string comparison when using the)184 432 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 (conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 432 R +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 444 R F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) -.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 -(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 456 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 468 Q F0 1.523(If set,) -184 480 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523 +456 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 468 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 480 Q F0 1.523(If set,) +184 492 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523 (posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524 (reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 -492 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 +504 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 (he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 504 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 516 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 -(posix mode through v)184 516 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +(posix mode through v)184 528 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 528 Q F1(compat42)144 540 Q -F0 1.796(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 540 Q F1(compat42)144 552 Q +F0 1.796(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 564 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 576 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 588 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 576 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 588 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 600 R F1 (bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 600 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 612 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 612 S .353 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 624 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 624 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 636 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.058(xit\), and does not 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F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ -ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 720 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E -F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 -(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 August 7)145.395 E(73)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22) +141.235 E(73)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.667(from the se\ -t of characters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these) -184 84 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 96 R .028 -(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 108 R 1.073 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(complete_fullquote)144 84 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.153 E +F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ +mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 108 R 1.524 +(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F +2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ +enames when these)184 120 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 +132 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 +F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 144 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 120 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 156 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his 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described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 300 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 312 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 324 R +(by def)184 336 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 348 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 360 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 (cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 336 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 +.221(identical to the)184 372 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 348 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 360 Q F0(The)220 360 Q F14.25 +(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 384 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 396 Q F0(The)220 396 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 372 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 384 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -384 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 396 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 408 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 408 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 408 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 420 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +420 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 432 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 444 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 444 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 420 S .488 +(exe)220 456 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 432 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 468 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 444 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 444 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 480 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 480 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 456 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 468 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 468 R -(shells in)220 480 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 492 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 504 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 504 R +(shells in)220 516 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 492 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 492 R(in)220 504 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 528 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 528 R(in)220 540 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 516 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 516 R .4 +(extglob)144 552 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 552 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 528 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 540 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 552 R +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 564 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 576 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 588 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 564 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 576 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 576 R 1.425 +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 600 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 612 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 612 R 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 588 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 600 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 612 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 624 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 636 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 648 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 624 R .32 +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 660 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 636 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(pletions. 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.956(collate between)184 708 R F1(A) -3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 720 Q(.)-.55 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(74)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +-3.214 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(74)190.395 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(globstar)144 84 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 84 R F1(**)3.019 E -F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 96 R .431 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.02 +(That is, the current locale')184 84 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 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being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 240 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 276 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 252 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 288 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 264 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 276 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 300 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 312 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -288 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +324 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 300 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 312 Q F0(If set,) -184 324 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 348 Q F0(If set,) +184 360 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 336 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 348 R .219(alue of the) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 372 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 384 R .219(alue of the) -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 360 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 396 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F (option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E -F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 372 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 .33(If set, allo)184 384 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 408 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 .33(If set, allo)184 420 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 396 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 432 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 408 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 420 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 420 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 444 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 456 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 456 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 432 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 444 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 444 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 468 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 480 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 480 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 456 Q +(with embedded ne)184 492 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 468 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 480 R +(localv)144 504 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 516 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -492 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +528 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 504 Q -F1(login_shell)144 516 Q F0 .486 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 540 Q +F1(localv)144 552 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 564 R F1 +(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ +the beha)184 576 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 588 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 600 Q +F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -528 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 540 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 552 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -564 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +612 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 624 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 636 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +648 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 576 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +-.1(wa)184 660 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 588 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 672 +Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 684 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 (is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 (will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 612 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 624 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 636 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 648 S -(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 660 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -672 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 -(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 -(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 696 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 708 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(75)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 696 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(75)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(nullglob)144 84 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +132 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +F .551(while e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 +(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 +(wo)184 156 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 180 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) 3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 108 S +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 204 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -120 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -132 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +216 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +228 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 144 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 156 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 168 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 180 -S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(are enabled.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 252 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 264 R F1(bash)4.624 +E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 276 Q 3.288(th) +-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 288 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 +1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473 +(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 300 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr) +144 312 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under) +184 324 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 336 S +.171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 (fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 192 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) -144 204 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 348 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) +144 360 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 216 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 228 Q 2.86 +184 372 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 384 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 240 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 396 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 252 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 264 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 276 Q F1(sour) -144 288 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 300 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 312 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 324 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 336 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 352.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 364.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 376.8 R F1 -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 388.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F1(shift_v)144 408 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 420 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 432 Q F1(sour) +144 444 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 456 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 468 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 480 Q F0(If set, the)184 492 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 508.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 520.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 532.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 544.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 405.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 417.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 417.6 R .877 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 429.6 +E F1(test)108 561.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 573.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 573.6 R .878 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 585.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 441.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 453.6 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 471.6 R .786 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 483.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 495.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 507.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 519.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 +(primaries described abo)144 597.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 609.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 627.6 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 639.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 651.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 663.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 663.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 675.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 675.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 531.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 543.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 555.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 567.6 S -(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -579.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 596.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E -F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E -(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 626.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 638.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 650.4 Q -(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 662.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 674.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 -F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 686.4 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 698.4 Q .553 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 710.4 Q -(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) -145.395 E(76)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 687.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 699.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 711.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(76)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 96 R .236 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)144 84 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S +(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 112.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E +F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 130.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 142.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 154.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 166.8 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 190.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 +214.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 226.8 Q +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 238.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 250.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 108 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.355 E .855 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578 -(result of the e)180 120 R .578(xpression is the result of the binary t\ -est using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E 1.333 -(as operands.)180 132 R(The)6.333 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.833 E -F0(and)3.833 E F33.832 E F0 1.332 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 262.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 274.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 286.8 R(The)6.332 E F23.832 +E F0(and)3.832 E F23.832 E F0 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 144 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F3(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 168 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 180 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 204 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F3 -(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384 -(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 216 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 228 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 240 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 252 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 282 Q F3(test) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F3([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F3(times)108 298.8 Q F0 +(three ar)180 298.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 +310.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) +3.021 F(ar)180 322.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 +E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 334.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +346.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 358.8 R +.384(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 370.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +382.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 394.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 406.8 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +418.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 436.8 Q F2(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F2(times)108 453.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 298.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 -310.8 Q F3(trap)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .703(The command)144 339.6 R F4(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 -(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F4(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F4 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 351.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F33.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 + processes run from the shell.)144 453.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 +465.6 Q F2(trap)108 482.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command) +144 494.4 R F1(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.203(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F1(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G +(f)-5.703 E F1(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 506.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 +(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F23.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 363.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 375.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F33.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 387.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 399.6 R F33.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.658(\(the v)144 518.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) +144.34 530.4 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F23.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 542.4 R +F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 554.4 R F23.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 411.6 R F32.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 423.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 435.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F1(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 453.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F1(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 -(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.648(If a)6.648 F F4(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F1(DEB)144 465.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F2(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F4(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 -1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.668 E F0 -(command,)3.668 E F4(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 477.6 Q F4 -(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.647 E F0 .146 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 489.6 R F1 .145 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F3(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 501.6 Q F3(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 -G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F1(RETURN)3.2 E F2(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 513.6 Q F4(ar) -3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(signal. The)144 566.4 R F22.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 578.4 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 608.4 R F1 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 620.4 Q +(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 632.4 Q F1 +(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 644.4 R F3 .146 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 656.4 Q F2(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 668.4 Q F1(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F3(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F3(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 525.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 543.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) -3.771 E F1(ERR)3.461 E F2(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F4(ar)3.791 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) --.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ -urns a non\255zero e)144 555.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 -(the follo)144 567.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F1(ERR) -2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 -(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 579.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F3(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F3(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 591.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 .778 -(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 603.6 R -1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) --3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F3(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 615.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 -(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -633.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 645.6 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 657.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F3(type)108 -674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F4(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 686.4 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F4(name) -3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F3144 698.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F3(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F4(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F4 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F4(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F4 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F4 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F4(name)144.36 710.4 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F4 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 722.4 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F32.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F3(type)2.619 E F0 -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(77)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +.643(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F2(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 680.4 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 698.4 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E +F3(ERR)3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 710.4 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F 1.92(the follo)144 +722.4 R 1.92(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.92 E F3(ERR)4.42 E F0 1.92 +(trap is not e)4.17 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.92(cuted if the f).15 F 1.92 +(ailed command is part of the)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 October 22)141.235 E(77)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 84 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64 -(mand name, or nothing if)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name) -3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 -5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.141 E F0 .641 -(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .113(search for each)144 108 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F2 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F32.612 E -F0(and)144 120 Q F33.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .464 +(command list immediately follo)144 84 R .464(wing a)-.25 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.964 E F0(or)2.964 E F1(until)2.964 E F0 -.1(ke) +2.964 G(yw)-.05 E .464(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)2.973 E F0(statement,)4.923 E .711 +(part of a command e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .711(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.211 E F0(or)3.211 E F1(||)3.212 E F0 .712(list e)3.212 F .712 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .712(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.212 +E F0(or)3.212 E F1(||)3.212 E F0(,)A(an)144 108 Q 2.777(yc)-.15 G .276 +(ommand in a pipeline b)-2.777 F .276(ut the last, or if the command') +-.2 F 2.776(sr)-.55 G .276(eturn v)-2.776 F .276(alue is being in)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G .276(rted using).15 F F1(!)2.776 E F0(.)A +(These are the same conditions obe)144 120 Q(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err) +2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +138 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 150 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 162 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +178.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 190.8 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F1144 202.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 214.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 226.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 238.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 250.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F13.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 +(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 262.8 R F2(name)2.612 +E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 +(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 +(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 +(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F12.613 E F0(and)144 274.8 Q F1 +3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731 -(If the)5.231 F F3144 132 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F3 -(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T) -.18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 144 R F3 -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 -(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 156 R F33.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F33.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 168 R F3(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F3(type)5.325 -E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 180 Q F3(ulimit)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -208.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 -(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) +5.23 F F1144 286.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type) +4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G +(his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the) +144 298.8 R F13.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F +.743(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223 +(commands is not consulted when using)144 310.8 R F13.723 E F0 +6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 1.223 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 +322.8 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326 E +F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) +-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F +(found.)144 334.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 351.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +363.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 +(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 220.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F33.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F33.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 244.8 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F32.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F32.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -256.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +411.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 268.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F3 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.742(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 435.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 292.8 R F32.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F12.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 304.8 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3 -144 316.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 316.8 Q F3 -144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 328.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F3144 340.8 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 340.8 Q F3144 352.8 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 352.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3144 364.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 364.8 Q F3144 -376.8 Q F0 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 459.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 +144 471.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 471.6 Q F1 +144 483.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 483.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F1144 495.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 495.6 Q F1144 507.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 507.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 519.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 519.6 Q F1144 +531.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -376.8 Q F3144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -388.8 Q F3144 400.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 400.8 Q F3 -144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 412.8 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F3144 424.8 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 424.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F3144 436.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +531.6 Q F1144 543.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +543.6 Q F1144 555.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 555.6 Q F1 +144 567.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 567.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 579.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 579.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 591.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 436.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 448.8 Q F3144 460.8 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 460.8 Q F3 -144 472.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 472.8 Q F3 -144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 484.8 -Q F3144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 496.8 Q F3144 -508.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 508.8 Q F3 -144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 520.8 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F3144 532.8 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 532.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +180 591.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 603.6 Q F1144 615.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 615.6 Q F1 +144 627.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 627.6 Q F1 +144 639.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 639.6 +Q F1144 651.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 651.6 Q F1144 +663.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 663.6 Q F1 +144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 675.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 687.6 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 687.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -544.8 Q F3144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -556.8 Q F3144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -568.8 Q F3144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 580.8 Q -(If)144 597.6 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F32.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F3 -2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F3 -2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -621.6 R F34.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F34.089 E F0(,)A F3 -4.089 E F0(,)A F34.089 E F0(,)A F34.089 E F0(,)A F3 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F34.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 633.6 R 1.476 -(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F33.976 E F0(and)3.976 E -F33.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 645.6 R +699.6 Q F1144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +711.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(78)190.395 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 79 79 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 84 Q F1 +144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 96 Q(If)144 112.8 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 +(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F +2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 +E .045(no option is gi)144 124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 +136.8 R F14.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 +4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C +1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 148.8 R 1.476 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.976 E F0(and)3.976 E +F13.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 160.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -657.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F3(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E -F3A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +172.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 201.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 698.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -710.4 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F32.882 E F0 .382 +pted by)144 213.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +225.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 237.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F33.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(78)194.555 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 79 79 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) -.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 -F(If)6.655 E F24.155 E F0 1.655 -(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F1(name)3.827 E F0 -3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 +(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 249.6 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 261.6 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 278.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 290.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E +F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 +F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 319.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 331.2 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 +3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F23.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F1(name)144.36 177.6 Q F0 1.551 -(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 189.6 R F2 -4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F1(name)5.001 E F0 +(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 343.2 Q F0 1.55 +(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 355.2 R F1 +4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F2 -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F1(name)2.537 E F0 .037 -(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F1(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F1(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 213.6 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 -F F25.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F2 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 225.6 R F1(name)2.721 E F0 .221 -(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 237.6 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G -1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 249.6 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +F(remo)144 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 +(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 379.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 +(options are supplied, each)144 391.2 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 +(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 +(tion with that name is unset.)144 403.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G +1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 415.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 261.6 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 427.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 -273.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 +439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 290.4 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 -302.4 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ -nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F1(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) -3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 314.4 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 -G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.009 E F1(id)144.01 326.4 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 456 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 +468 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\ +tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process) +3.929 F .009(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 480 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G +.008(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.008 E F2(id)144.01 492 Q F0 .521(is not gi)3.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 338.4 Q F2 -3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F2(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.522 E(the)144 504 Q F1 +3.057 E F0 .557(option is supplied,)3.057 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557 -(If the)5.557 F F23.057 E F0 .587 -(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 350.4 R F2(wait) -3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F1(id)3.086 E F0 .586 -(to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755 -(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 362.4 R(If)5.756 -E F1(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 -(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 374.4 -R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 -(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 -386.4 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 403.2 Q F0 -(If)108 415.2 Q F2(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 -F F2(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F2 -4.397 E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 427.2 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E -(beha)108 439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F2 +(ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .556 +(If the)5.556 F F13.056 E F0 .586 +(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 516 R F1(wait)3.086 +E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .587 +(to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .756 +(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 528 R(If)5.756 E +F2(id)3.266 E F0 .755(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .755 +(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 540 R +.365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 +(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 552 +Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 568.8 Q F0(If) +108 580.8 Q F1(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1 +(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 +E F0 1.896(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. 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