From: Chet Ramey Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2014 14:48:38 +0000 (-0500) Subject: bash-20140131 remove leftover and stray files X-Git-Tag: bash-4.4-alpha~99 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=387affeb7431a5e3a14e683f9312ab13b4bcb114;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git bash-20140131 remove leftover and stray files --- diff --git a/CWRU/history-syslog.1 b/CWRU/history-syslog.1 deleted file mode 100644 index d5240d371..000000000 --- a/CWRU/history-syslog.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -#Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 23:10:43 -0800 -#From: John Kinsella -#To: chet@po.cwru.edu -#Subject: Re: bash patch - -diff -c bash-2.02.1-old/bashhist.c bash-2.02.1/bashhist.c -*** bash-2.02.1-old/bashhist.c Fri Feb 27 09:34:33 1998 ---- bash-2.02.1/bashhist.c Mon Dec 14 22:39:23 1998 -*************** -*** 50,55 **** ---- 50,65 ---- - # include "bashline.h" - #endif - -+ /* SYSLOG_HISTORY - define this if you want all commands entered into -+ * the shell to be echoed to syslog. -+ * (feature added by John Kinsella) -+ */ -+ #define SYSLOG_HISTORY 1 -+ -+ #if defined (SYSLOG_HISTORY) -+ # include -+ #endif -+ - #if !defined (errno) - extern int errno; - #endif -*************** -*** 566,571 **** ---- 576,587 ---- - { - hist_last_line_added = 1; - add_history (line); -+ /* next 3 lines added by John Kinsella -+ * Sends history line to syslog. -+ */ -+ #if defined( SYSLOG_HISTORY ) -+ syslog( LOG_INFO, "%d - %s", current_user.euid, line ); -+ #endif - history_lines_this_session++; - } - using_history (); -# -#-- -#John Kinsella UNIX ISA -#jlk@digex.net DIGEX West Coast Facility -#voice 408-873-4278 pager 888-751-7595 diff --git a/CWRU/misc/sigs.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist b/CWRU/misc/sigs.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist deleted file mode 100644 index 078424b90..000000000 --- a/CWRU/misc/sigs.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ - - - - - CFBundleDevelopmentRegion - English - CFBundleIdentifier - com.apple.xcode.dsym.sigs - CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion - 6.0 - CFBundlePackageType - dSYM - CFBundleSignature - ???? - CFBundleShortVersionString - 1.0 - CFBundleVersion - 1 - - diff --git a/CWRU/misc/sigs.dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/sigs b/CWRU/misc/sigs.dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/sigs deleted file mode 100644 index 09e76fd95..000000000 Binary files a/CWRU/misc/sigs.dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/sigs and /dev/null differ diff --git a/CWRU/misc/sigstat.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist b/CWRU/misc/sigstat.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist deleted file mode 100644 index 801b23e99..000000000 --- a/CWRU/misc/sigstat.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ - - - - - CFBundleDevelopmentRegion - English - CFBundleIdentifier - com.apple.xcode.dsym.sigstat - CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion - 6.0 - CFBundlePackageType - dSYM - CFBundleSignature - ???? - CFBundleShortVersionString - 1.0 - CFBundleVersion - 1 - - diff --git a/CWRU/misc/sigstat.dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/sigstat b/CWRU/misc/sigstat.dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/sigstat deleted file mode 100644 index c7e7682c6..000000000 Binary files a/CWRU/misc/sigstat.dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/sigstat and /dev/null differ diff --git a/builtins/readsave b/builtins/readsave deleted file mode 100644 index 8c26c792c..000000000 --- a/builtins/readsave +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -#else - /* This code implements the `rest of the fields and their intervening - separators' portion of the Posix spec. The latest interpretation says - that the last non-IFS white space separator (and any adjacent IFS - white space) is removed. We repeatedly parse fields, stopping when the - last results in us hitting the end of INPUT_STRING. */ - savei = t = input_string; - while (*input_string) - { - /* This call updates INPUT_STRING. */ - t1 = get_word_from_string (&input_string, ifs_chars, &e); - if (*input_string) - t = input_string; - } - *t = '\0'; - input_string = savei; -#endif diff --git a/doc/Makefile.tmp b/doc/Makefile.tmp deleted file mode 100644 index 76763dd11..000000000 --- a/doc/Makefile.tmp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,294 +0,0 @@ -# This Makefile is for the Bash/documentation directory -*- text -*-. -# -# Copyright (C) 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify -# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) -# any later version. - -# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -# GNU General Public License for more details. - -# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software -# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. - -PACKAGE = bash -VERSION = 3.2-maint - -PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = bug-bash@gnu.org -PACKAGE_NAME = bash -PACKAGE_STRING = bash 3.2-maint -PACKAGE_VERSION = 3.2-maint - -# -SHELL = /bin/sh -RM = rm -f - -topdir = /Users/chet/src/bash/src -srcdir = /Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc -VPATH = .:/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc - -prefix = /usr/local -exec_prefix = ${prefix} - -infodir = ${prefix}/share/info - -# set this to a directory name to have the HTML files installed -htmldir = ${docdir} - -# Support an alternate destination root directory for package building -DESTDIR = - -mandir = ${prefix}/share/man -manpfx = man - -man1ext = .1 -man1dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)1 -man3ext = .3 -man3dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)3 - -INSTALL = /usr/bin/install -c -INSTALL_DATA = ${INSTALL} -m 644 -BUILD_DIR = /usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current - -SUPPORT_SRCDIR = $(topdir)/support - -# bad style -RL_LIBDIR = $(topdir)/lib/readline - -# unused -TEXINDEX = texindex -TEX = tex - -MAKEINFO = makeinfo -TEXI2DVI = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/texi2dvi -TEXI2HTML = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/texi2html -MAN2HTML = ${BUILD_DIR}/support/man2html -HTMLPOST = ${srcdir}/htmlpost.sh -INFOPOST = ${srcdir}/infopost.sh -QUIETPS = #set this to -q to shut up dvips -PAPERSIZE = letter # change to a4 for A4-size paper -PSDPI = 600 # could be 300 if you like -DVIPS = dvips -D ${PSDPI} $(QUIETPS) -t ${PAPERSIZE} -o $@ # tricky - -TEXINPUTDIR = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc -SET_TEXINPUTS = TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTDIR):$$TEXINPUTS - -# These tools might not be available; they're not required -DVIPDF = dvipdfm -o $@ -p ${PAPERSIZE} -PSPDF = gs -sPAPERSIZE=${PAPERSIZE} -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sOutputFile=$@ - -MKDIRS = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/mkdirs - -# This should be a program that converts troff to an ascii-readable format -NROFF = groff -Tascii - -# This should be a program that converts troff to postscript -GROFF = groff - -HSUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/hsuser.texi -RLUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/rluser.texi - -BASHREF_FILES = $(srcdir)/bashref.texi $(srcdir)/version.texi - -.SUFFIXES: .0 .1 .3 .ms .ps .txt .dvi .html .pdf - -.1.ps: - $(RM) $@ - -${GROFF} -man $< > $@ - -.1.0: - $(RM) $@ - -${NROFF} -man $< > $@ - -.1.html: - $(RM) $@ - -${MAN2HTML} $< | ${HTMLPOST} > $@ - -.ms.ps: - $(RM) $@ - -${GROFF} -ms $< > $@ - -.ms.txt: - $(RM) $@ - -${NROFF} -ms $< > $@ - -.3.ps: - $(RM) $@ - -${GROFF} -man $< > $@ - -.3.0: - $(RM) $@ - -${NROFF} -man $< > $@ - -.3.html: - $(RM) $@ - -${MAN2HTML} $< > $@ - -.ps.pdf: - $(RM) $@ - -${PSPDF} $< - -.dvi.pdf: - $(RM) $@ - -${DVIPDF} $< - -.dvi.ps: - ${RM} $@ - -${DVIPS} $< - -all: ps info dvi text html -nodvi: ps info text html - -PSFILES = bash.ps bashbug.ps article.ps builtins.ps rbash.ps -DVIFILES = bashref.dvi bashref.ps -INFOFILES = bashref.info -MAN0FILES = bash.0 bashbug.0 builtins.0 rbash.0 -HTMLFILES = bashref.html bash.html -PDFFILES = bash.pdf bashref.pdf article.pdf rose94.pdf - -ps: ${PSFILES} -dvi: ${DVIFILES} -info: ${INFOFILES} -text: ${MAN0FILES} -html: ${HTMLFILES} -pdf: ${PDFFILES} - -bashref.dvi: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) - ${SET_TEXINPUTS} $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi - -bashref.info: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) - $(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi - -bashref.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) - $(TEXI2HTML) -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi - -b.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) - ./texi2html.debug -o $@ -verbose -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi - -bash.info: bashref.info - ${SHELL} ${INFOPOST} < $(srcdir)/bashref.info > $@ ; \ - -bash.txt: bash.1 -bash.ps: bash.1 -bash.html: bash.1 $(MAN2HTML) -bashbug.ps: bashbug.1 -builtins.ps: builtins.1 bash.1 -rbash.ps: rbash.1 bash.1 -bash.0: bash.1 -bashbug.0: bashbug.1 -builtins.0: builtins.1 bash.1 -rbash.0: rbash.1 bash.1 -article.ps: article.ms - -bashref.ps: bashref.dvi - -article.pdf: article.ps -bashref.pdf: bashref.dvi -bash.pdf: bash.ps -rose94.pdf: rose94.ps - -$(MAN2HTML): ${topdir}/support/man2html.c - -( cd ${BUILD_DIR}/support ; ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} man2html) - -clean: - $(RM) *.aux *.bak *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps \ - *.pgs *.bt *.bts *.rw *.rws *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o - ${RM} core *.core - -mostlyclean: clean - $(RM) Makefile - -distclean: clean maybe-clean - $(RM) Makefile - -maintainer-clean: clean - ${RM} ${PSFILES} ${DVIFILES} ${INFOFILES} ${MAN0FILES} ${HTMLFILES} - ${RM} ${CREATED_FAQ} - $(RM) Makefile - -maybe-clean: - -if test "X$(topdir)" != "X$(BUILD_DIR)"; then \ - $(RM) ${PSFILES} ${DVIFILES} ${INFOFILES} ${MAN0FILES} ${HTMLFILES}; \ - fi - -installdirs: - -$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir) - -$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(infodir) - -if test -n "$(htmldir)" ; then \ - $(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \ - fi - -install: info installdirs bash.info - -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext} - -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashbug.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext} -# uncomment the next line to install the builtins man page -# -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/builtins.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext} - -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info -# run install-info if it is present to update the info directory - if $(SHELL) -c 'install-info --version' >/dev/null 2>&1; then \ - install-info --dir-file=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/dir $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info; \ - else true; fi -# if htmldir is set, install the html files into that directory - -if test -n "${htmldir}" ; then \ - $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.html $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \ - $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashref.html $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \ - fi - -uninstall: - -$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext} $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext} - $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info - -if test -n "$(htmldir)" ; then \ - $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/bash.html ; \ - $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/bashref.html ; \ - fi - -# for use by chet -CREATED_FAQ = faq.news faq.news2 faq.mail faq.version - -faq: ${CREATED_FAQ} - -faq.version: FAQ.version FAQ - sh mkfaqvers FAQ.version > $@ - -faq.headers.mail: FAQ.headers.mail FAQ - sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.mail > $@ - -faq.headers.news: FAQ.headers.news FAQ - sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.news > $@ - -faq.headers.news2: FAQ.headers.news2 FAQ - sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.news2 > $@ - -faq.news: FAQ faq.headers.news faq.version - $(RM) $@ - cat faq.headers.news faq.version FAQ > $@ - -faq.news2: FAQ faq.headers.news2 faq.version - $(RM) $@ - cat faq.headers.news2 faq.version FAQ > $@ - -faq.mail: FAQ faq.headers.mail faq.version - $(RM) $@ - cat faq.headers.mail faq.version FAQ > $@ - -inst: bashref.texi - $(SHELL) ./mkinstall - cmp -s INSTALL ../INSTALL || mv INSTALL ../INSTALL - $(RM) INSTALL - -posix: bashref.texi - $(SHELL) ./mkposix - cmp -s POSIX ../POSIX || mv POSIX ../POSIX - $(RM) POSIX - -rbash: bashref.texi - $(SH) ./mkrbash - cmp -s RBASH ../RBASH || mv RBASH ../RBASH - $(RM) RBASH - -xdist: pdf inst posix rbash diff --git a/doc/foo.html b/doc/foo.html deleted file mode 100644 index 92de12e1e..000000000 --- a/doc/foo.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10220 +0,0 @@ - - -Bash Reference Manual - - - - - - - - - - -

Bash Reference Manual

Bash Features -
1 Introduction -
- 1.1 What is Bash? -
- 1.2 What is a shell? -
-
2 Definitions -
3 Basic Shell Features -
-
4 Shell Builtin Commands -
-
5 Shell Variables -
- 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables -
- 5.2 Bash Variables -
-
6 Bash Features -
-
7 Job Control -
-
8 Command Line Editing -
-
9 Using History Interactively -
-
10 Installing Bash -
-
Appendix A Reporting Bugs -
Appendix B Major Differences From The Bourne Shell -
- B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell -
-
Appendix C Copying This Manual -
- C.1 GNU Free Documentation License -
  - C.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents -
  -
-
Index of Shell Builtin Commands -
Index of Shell Reserved Words -
Parameter and Variable Index -
Function Index -
Concept Index -

- - - -

- -Next: Introduction, -Previous: (dir), -Up: (dir) - -

- -

Bash Features

- -

This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 3.2, 30 December 2006). - -

This is Edition 3.2, last updated 30 December 2006, -of The GNU Bash Reference Manual, -for Bash, Version 3.2. - -

Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some -features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has -borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (sh), the Korn Shell -(ksh), and the C-shell (csh and its successor, -tcsh). The following menu breaks the features up into -categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the -feature. - -

This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in -Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive -reference on shell behavior. - -

Introduction: An introduction to the shell. -
Definitions: Some definitions used in the rest of this - manual. -
Basic Shell Features: The shell "building blocks". -
Shell Builtin Commands: Commands that are a part of the shell. -
Shell Variables: Variables used or set by Bash. -
Bash Features: Features found only in Bash. -
Job Control: What job control is and how Bash allows you - to use it. -
Using History Interactively: Command History Expansion -
Command Line Editing: Chapter describing the command line - editing features. -
Installing Bash: How to build and install Bash on your system. -
Reporting Bugs: How to report bugs in Bash. -
Major Differences From The Bourne Shell: A terse list of the differences - between Bash and historical - versions of /bin/sh. -
Copying This Manual: Copying this manual. -
Builtin Index: Index of Bash builtin commands. -
Reserved Word Index: Index of Bash reserved words. -
Variable Index: Quick reference helps you find the - variable you want. -
Function Index: Index of bindable Readline functions. -
Concept Index: General index for concepts described in - this manual. -

- -

- -Next: Definitions, -Previous: Top, -Up: Top - -

- -

1 Introduction

- - - -

- - -Next: What is a shell?, -Up: Introduction - -

- -

1.1 What is Bash?

- -

Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter, -for the gnu operating system. -The name is an acronym for the `Bourne-Again SHell', -a pun on Stephen Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of -the current Unix shell sh, -which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs Research version -of Unix. - -

Bash is largely compatible with sh and incorporates useful -features from the Korn shell ksh and the C shell csh. -It is intended to be a conformant implementation of the ieee -posix Shell and Tools portion of the ieee posix -specification (ieee Standard 1003.1). -It offers functional improvements over sh for both interactive and -programming use. - -

While the gnu operating system provides other shells, including -a version of csh, Bash is the default shell. -Like other gnu software, Bash is quite portable. It currently runs -on nearly every version of Unix and a few other operating systems − -independently-supported ports exist for ms-dos, os/2, -and Windows platforms. - -

- - -Previous: What is Bash?, -Up: Introduction - -

- -

1.2 What is a shell?

- -

At its base, a shell is simply a macro processor that executes -commands. The term macro processor means functionality where text -and symbols are expanded to create larger expressions. - -

A Unix shell is both a command interpreter and a programming -language. As a command interpreter, the shell provides the user -interface to the rich set of gnu utilities. The programming -language features allow these utilities to be combined. -Files containing commands can be created, and become -commands themselves. These new commands have the same status as -system commands in directories such as /bin, allowing users -or groups to establish custom environments to automate their common -tasks. - -

Shells may be used interactively or non-interactively. In -interactive mode, they accept input typed from the keyboard. -When executing non-interactively, shells execute commands read -from a file. - -

A shell allows execution of gnu commands, both synchronously and -asynchronously. -The shell waits for synchronous commands to complete before accepting -more input; asynchronous commands continue to execute in parallel -with the shell while it reads and executes additional commands. -The redirection constructs permit -fine-grained control of the input and output of those commands. -Moreover, the shell allows control over the contents of commands' -environments. - -

Shells also provide a small set of built-in -commands (builtins) implementing functionality impossible -or inconvenient to obtain via separate utilities. -For example, cd, break, continue, and -exec) cannot be implemented outside of the shell because -they directly manipulate the shell itself. -The history, getopts, kill, or pwd -builtins, among others, could be implemented in separate utilities, -but they are more convenient to use as builtin commands. -All of the shell builtins are described in -subsequent sections. - -

While executing commands is essential, most of the power (and -complexity) of shells is due to their embedded programming -languages. Like any high-level language, the shell provides -variables, flow control constructs, quoting, and functions. - -

Shells offer features geared specifically for -interactive use rather than to augment the programming language. -These interactive features include job control, command line -editing, command history and aliases. Each of these features is -described in this manual. - -

- -Next: Basic Shell Features, -Previous: Introduction, -Up: Top - -

- -

2 Definitions

- -

These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual. - -

POSIX: A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash -is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the -posix 1003.1 standard. - -
blank: A space or tab character. - -
builtin: A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather -than by an executable program somewhere in the file system. - -
control operator: A word that performs a control function. It is a newline -or one of the following: -`||', `&&', `&', `;', `;;', -`|', `(', or `)'. - -
exit status: The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted -to eight bits, so the maximum value is 255. - -
field: A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After -expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as -the command name and arguments. - -
filename: A string of characters used to identify a file. - -
job: A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended -from it, that are all in the same process group. - -
job control: A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart -(resume) execution of processes. - -
metacharacter: A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is -a blank or one of the following characters: -`|', `&', `;', `(', `)', `<', or -`>'. - -
name: A word consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores, -and beginning with a letter or underscore. Names are used as -shell variable and function names. -Also referred to as an identifier. - -
operator: A control operator or a redirection operator. -See Redirections, for a list of redirection operators. - -
process group: A collection of related processes each having the same process -group id. - -
process group ID: A unique identifier that represents a process group -during its lifetime. - -
reserved word: A word that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved -words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as for and -while. - -
return status: A synonym for exit status. - -
signal: A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel -of an event occurring in the system. - -
special builtin: A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the -posix standard. - -
token: A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell. It is -either a word or an operator. - -
word: A token that is not an operator. -

- -

- -Next: Shell Builtin Commands, -Previous: Definitions, -Up: Top - -

- -

3 Basic Shell Features

- -

-Bash is an acronym for `Bourne-Again SHell'. -The Bourne shell is -the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne. -All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash, -The rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the posix -specification for the `standard' Unix shell. - -

This chapter briefly summarizes the shell's `building blocks': -commands, control structures, shell functions, shell parameters, -shell expansions, -redirections, which are a way to direct input and output from -and to named files, and how the shell executes commands. - -

- -

- -Next: Shell Commands, -Up: Basic Shell Features - -

- -

3.1 Shell Syntax

- - - -

When the shell reads input, it proceeds through a -sequence of operations. If the input indicates the beginning of a -comment, the shell ignores the comment symbol (`#'), and the rest -of that line. - -

Otherwise, roughly speaking, the shell reads its input and -divides the input into words and operators, employing the quoting rules -to select which meanings to assign various words and characters. - -

The shell then parses these tokens into commands and other constructs, -removes the special meaning of certain words or characters, expands -others, redirects input and output as needed, executes the specified -command, waits for the command's exit status, and makes that exit status -available for further inspection or processing. - -

- -Next: Quoting, -Up: Shell Syntax - -

- -

3.1.1 Shell Operation

- -

The following is a brief description of the shell's operation when it -reads and executes a command. Basically, the shell does the -following: - -

Reads its input from a file (see Shell Scripts), from a string -supplied as an argument to the -c invocation option -(see Invoking Bash), or from the user's terminal. - -
Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules -described in Quoting. These tokens are separated by -metacharacters. Alias expansion is performed by this step -(see Aliases). - -
Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands -(see Shell Commands). - -
Performs the various shell expansions (see Shell Expansions), breaking -the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see Filename Expansion) -and commands and arguments. - -
Performs any necessary redirections (see Redirections) and removes -the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list. - -
Executes the command (see Executing Commands). - -
Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit -status (see Exit Status). - -

- -

- -Next: Comments, -Previous: Shell Operation, -Up: Shell Syntax - -

- -

3.1.2 Quoting

- -

Quoting is used to remove the special meaning of certain -characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to -disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent -reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent -parameter expansion. - -

Each of the shell metacharacters (see Definitions) -has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to -represent itself. -When the command history expansion facilities are being used -(see History Interaction), the -history expansion character, usually `!', must be quoted -to prevent history expansion. See Bash History Facilities, for -more details concerning history expansion. - -

There are three quoting mechanisms: the -escape character, single quotes, and double quotes. - -

- -Next: Single Quotes, -Up: Quoting - -

- -

3.1.2.1 Escape Character

- -

A non-quoted backslash `\' is the Bash escape character. -It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, -with the exception of newline. If a \newline pair -appears, and the backslash itself is not quoted, the \newline -is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from -the input stream and effectively ignored). - -

- -Next: Double Quotes, -Previous: Escape Character, -Up: Quoting - -

- -

3.1.2.2 Single Quotes

- -

Enclosing characters in single quotes (`'') preserves the literal value -of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur -between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. - -

- -Next: ANSI-C Quoting, -Previous: Single Quotes, -Up: Quoting - -

- -

3.1.2.3 Double Quotes

- -

Enclosing characters in double quotes (`"') preserves the literal value -of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of -`$', ``', `\', -and, when history expansion is enabled, `!'. -The characters `$' and ``' -retain their special meaning within double quotes (see Shell Expansions). -The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of -the following characters: -`$', ``', `"', `\', or newline. -Within double quotes, backslashes that are followed by one of these -characters are removed. Backslashes preceding characters without a -special meaning are left unmodified. -A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with -a backslash. -If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an `!' -appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash. -The backslash preceding the `!' is not removed. - -

The special parameters `*' and `@' have special meaning -when in double quotes (see Shell Parameter Expansion). - -

- - -Next: Locale Translation, -Previous: Double Quotes, -Up: Quoting - -

- -

3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting

- -

-Words of the form $'string' are treated specially. The -word expands to string, with backslash-escaped characters replaced -as specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if -present, are decoded as follows: - -

\a: alert (bell) -
\b: backspace -
\e: an escape character (not ANSI C) -
\f: form feed -
\n: newline -
\r: carriage return -
\t: horizontal tab -
\v: vertical tab -
\\: backslash -
\': single quote -
\nnn: the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn -(one to three digits) -
\xHH: the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH -(one or two hex digits) -
\cx: a control-x character -

- -

The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not -been present. - -

- -Previous: ANSI-C Quoting, -Up: Quoting - -

- -

3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation

- -

-A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (`$') will cause -the string to be translated according to the current locale. -If the current locale is C or POSIX, the dollar sign -is ignored. -If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is -double-quoted. - -

Some systems use the message catalog selected by the LC_MESSAGES -shell variable. Others create the name of the message catalog from the -value of the TEXTDOMAIN shell variable, possibly adding a -suffix of `.mo'. If you use the TEXTDOMAIN variable, you -may need to set the TEXTDOMAINDIR variable to the location of -the message catalog files. Still others use both variables in this -fashion: -TEXTDOMAINDIR/LC_MESSAGES/LC_MESSAGES/TEXTDOMAIN.mo. - -

- -Previous: Quoting, -Up: Shell Syntax - -

- -

3.1.3 Comments

- -

-In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the -interactive_comments option to the shopt -builtin is enabled (see The Shopt Builtin), -a word beginning with `#' -causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to -be ignored. An interactive shell without the interactive_comments -option enabled does not allow comments. The interactive_comments -option is on by default in interactive shells. -See Interactive Shells, for a description of what makes -a shell interactive. - -

- -Next: Shell Functions, -Previous: Shell Syntax, -Up: Basic Shell Features - -

- -

3.2 Shell Commands

- -

-A simple shell command such as echo a b c consists of the command -itself followed by arguments, separated by spaces. - -

More complex shell commands are composed of simple commands arranged together -in a variety of ways: in a pipeline in which the output of one command -becomes the input of a second, in a loop or conditional construct, or in -some other grouping. - -

- -

- -Next: Pipelines, -Up: Shell Commands - -

- -

3.2.1 Simple Commands

- -

-A simple command is the kind of command encountered most often. -It's just a sequence of words separated by blanks, terminated -by one of the shell's control operators (see Definitions). The -first word generally specifies a command to be executed, with the -rest of the words being that command's arguments. - -

The return status (see Exit Status) of a simple command is -its exit status as provided -by the posix 1003.1 waitpid function, or 128+n if -the command was terminated by signal n. - -

- -Next: Lists, -Previous: Simple Commands, -Up: Shell Commands - -

- -

3.2.2 Pipelines

- -

-A pipeline is a sequence of simple commands separated by -`|'. - -

The format for a pipeline is -

     [time [-p]] [!] command1 [| command2 ...]
-

The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe -to the input of the next command. -That is, each command reads the previous command's output. - -

The reserved word time causes timing statistics -to be printed for the pipeline once it finishes. -The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and -user and system time consumed by the command's execution. -The -p option changes the output format to that specified -by posix. -The TIMEFORMAT variable may be set to a format string that -specifies how the timing information should be displayed. -See Bash Variables, for a description of the available formats. -The use of time as a reserved word permits the timing of -shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external -time command cannot time these easily. - -

If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (see Lists), the -shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete. - -

Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell -(see Command Execution Environment). The exit -status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the -pipeline, unless the pipefail option is enabled -(see The Set Builtin). -If pipefail is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the -value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, -or zero if all commands exit successfully. -If the reserved word `!' precedes the pipeline, the -exit status is the logical negation of the exit status as described -above. -The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before -returning a value. - -

- -Next: Compound Commands, -Previous: Pipelines, -Up: Shell Commands - -

- -

3.2.3 Lists of Commands

- -

-A list is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one -of the operators `;', `&', `&&', or `||', -and optionally terminated by one of `;', `&', or a -newline. - -

Of these list operators, `&&' and `||' -have equal precedence, followed by `;' and `&', -which have equal precedence. - -

A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a list -to delimit commands, equivalent to a semicolon. - -

If a command is terminated by the control operator `&', -the shell executes the command asynchronously in a subshell. -This is known as executing the command in the background. -The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return -status is 0 (true). -When job control is not active (see Job Control), -the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any -explicit redirections, is redirected from /dev/null. - -

Commands separated by a `;' are executed sequentially; the shell -waits for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the -exit status of the last command executed. - -

The control operators `&&' and `||' -denote and lists and or lists, respectively. -An and list has the form -

     command1 && command2
-

command2 is executed if, and only if, command1 -returns an exit status of zero. - -

An or list has the form -

     command1 || command2
-

command2 is executed if, and only if, command1 -returns a non-zero exit status. - -

The return status of -and and or lists is the exit status of the last command -executed in the list. - -

- -Previous: Lists, -Up: Shell Commands - -

- -

3.2.4 Compound Commands

- -

Compound commands are the shell programming constructs. -Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is -terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator. -Any redirections (see Redirections) associated with a compound command -apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden. - -

Bash provides looping constructs, conditional commands, and mechanisms -to group commands and execute them as a unit. - -

- -Next: Conditional Constructs, -Up: Compound Commands - -

- -

3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs

- -

-Bash supports the following looping constructs. - -

Note that wherever a `;' appears in the description of a -command's syntax, it may be replaced with one or more newlines. - -

until

The syntax of the until command is: -

          until test-commands; do consequent-commands; done
-

Execute consequent-commands as long as -test-commands has an exit status which is not zero. -The return status is the exit status of the last command executed -in consequent-commands, or zero if none was executed. - -

while

The syntax of the while command is: -

          while test-commands; do consequent-commands; done
-

Execute consequent-commands as long as -test-commands has an exit status of zero. -The return status is the exit status of the last command executed -in consequent-commands, or zero if none was executed. - -

for

The syntax of the for command is: - -

          for name [in words ...]; do commands; done
-

Expand words, and execute commands once for each member -in the resultant list, with name bound to the current member. -If `in words' is not present, the for command -executes the commands once for each positional parameter that is -set, as if `in "$@"' had been specified -(see Special Parameters). -The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes. -If there are no items in the expansion of words, no commands are -executed, and the return status is zero. - -

An alternate form of the for command is also supported: - -

          for (( expr1 ; expr2 ; expr3 )) ; do commands ; done
-

First, the arithmetic expression expr1 is evaluated according -to the rules described below (see Shell Arithmetic). -The arithmetic expression expr2 is then evaluated repeatedly -until it evaluates to zero. -Each time expr2 evaluates to a non-zero value, commands are -executed and the arithmetic expression expr3 is evaluated. -If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. -The return value is the exit status of the last command in list -that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid. - -

- -

The break and continue builtins (see Bourne Shell Builtins) -may be used to control loop execution. - -

- -Next: Command Grouping, -Previous: Looping Constructs, -Up: Compound Commands - -

- -

3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs

- -

if

The syntax of the if command is: - -

          if test-commands; then
-            consequent-commands;
-          [elif more-test-commands; then
-            more-consequents;]
-          [else alternate-consequents;]
-          fi
-

The test-commands list is executed, and if its return status is zero, -the consequent-commands list is executed. -If test-commands returns a non-zero status, each elif list -is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, -the corresponding more-consequents is executed and the -command completes. -If `else alternate-consequents' is present, and -the final command in the final if or elif clause -has a non-zero exit status, then alternate-consequents is executed. -The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or -zero if no condition tested true. - -

case

The syntax of the case command is: - -

          case word in [ [(] pattern [| pattern]...) command-list ;;]... esac
-

case will selectively execute the command-list corresponding to -the first pattern that matches word. -If the shell option nocasematch -(see the description of shopt in The Shopt Builtin) -is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case -of alphabetic characters. -The `|' is used to separate multiple patterns, and the `)' -operator terminates a pattern list. -A list of patterns and an associated command-list is known -as a clause. Each clause must be terminated with `;;'. -The word undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command -substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before matching is -attempted. Each pattern undergoes tilde expansion, parameter -expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - -

There may be an arbitrary number of case clauses, each terminated -by a `;;'. The first pattern that matches determines the -command-list that is executed. - -

Here is an example using case in a script that could be used to -describe one interesting feature of an animal: - -

          echo -n "Enter the name of an animal: "
-          read ANIMAL
-          echo -n "The $ANIMAL has "
-          case $ANIMAL in
-            horse | dog | cat) echo -n "four";;
-            man | kangaroo ) echo -n "two";;
-            *) echo -n "an unknown number of";;
-          esac
-          echo " legs."
-

The return status is zero if no pattern is matched. Otherwise, the -return status is the exit status of the command-list executed. - -

select

-The select construct allows the easy generation of menus. -It has almost the same syntax as the for command: - -

          select name [in words ...]; do commands; done
-

The list of words following in is expanded, generating a list -of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard -error output stream, each preceded by a number. If the -`in words' is omitted, the positional parameters are printed, -as if `in "$@"' had been specified. -The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line is read from the -standard input. -If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the displayed -words, then the value of name is set to that word. -If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again. -If EOF is read, the select command completes. -Any other value read causes name to be set to null. -The line read is saved in the variable REPLY. - -

The commands are executed after each selection until a -break command is executed, at which -point the select command completes. - -

Here is an example that allows the user to pick a filename from the -current directory, and displays the name and index of the file -selected. - -

          select fname in *;
-          do
-          	echo you picked $fname \($REPLY\)
-          	break;
-          done
-

((...))

          (( expression ))
-

The arithmetic expression is evaluated according to the rules -described below (see Shell Arithmetic). -If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; -otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to -

          let "expression"
-

See Bash Builtins, for a full description of the let builtin. - -

[[...]]

          [[ expression ]]
-

Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of -the conditional expression expression. -Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in -Bash Conditional Expressions. -Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words -between the `[[' and `]]'; tilde expansion, parameter and -variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process -substitution, and quote removal are performed. -Conditional operators such as `-f' must be unquoted to be recognized -as primaries. - -

When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the -right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according -to the rules described below in Pattern Matching. -If the shell option nocasematch -(see the description of shopt in The Shopt Builtin) -is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case -of alphabetic characters. -The return value is 0 if the string matches (`==') or does not -match (`!=')the pattern, and 1 otherwise. -Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a -string. - -

An additional binary operator, `=~', is available, with the same -precedence as `==' and `!='. -When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered -an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in regex3)). -The return value is 0 if the string matches -the pattern, and 1 otherwise. -If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional -expression's return value is 2. -If the shell option nocasematch -(see the description of shopt in The Shopt Builtin) -is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case -of alphabetic characters. -Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular -expression are saved in the array variable BASH_REMATCH. -The element of BASH_REMATCH with index 0 is the portion of the string -matching the entire regular expression. -The element of BASH_REMATCH with index n is the portion of the -string matching the nth parenthesized subexpression. - -

Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed -in decreasing order of precedence: - -

( expression ): Returns the value of expression. -This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. - -
! expression: True if expression is false. - -
expression1 && expression2: True if both expression1 and expression2 are true. - -
expression1 || expression2: True if either expression1 or expression2 is true. -

- The && and || operators do not evaluate expression2 if the -value of expression1 is sufficient to determine the return -value of the entire conditional expression. - -

- -

- -Previous: Conditional Constructs, -Up: Compound Commands - -

- -

3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands

- -

-Bash provides two ways to group a list of commands to be executed -as a unit. When commands are grouped, redirections may be applied -to the entire command list. For example, the output of all the -commands in the list may be redirected to a single stream. - -

()

          ( list )
-

Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell -environment to be created (see Command Execution Environment), and each -of the commands in list to be executed in that subshell. Since the -list is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in -effect after the subshell completes. - -

{}

          { list; }
-

Placing a list of commands between curly braces causes the list to -be executed in the current shell context. No subshell is created. -The semicolon (or newline) following list is required. -

- -

In addition to the creation of a subshell, there is a subtle difference -between these two constructs due to historical reasons. The braces -are reserved words, so they must be separated from the list -by blanks. The parentheses are operators, and are -recognized as separate tokens by the shell even if they are not separated -from the list by whitespace. - -

The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of -list. - -

- -Next: Shell Parameters, -Previous: Shell Commands, -Up: Basic Shell Features - -

- -

3.3 Shell Functions

- -

-Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution -using a single name for the group. They are executed just like -a "regular" command. -When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, -the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. -Shell functions are executed in the current -shell context; no new process is created to interpret them. - -

Functions are declared using this syntax: - -

     [ function ] name () compound-command [ redirections ]
-

This defines a shell function named name. The reserved -word function is optional. -If the function reserved -word is supplied, the parentheses are optional. -The body of the function is the compound command -compound-command (see Compound Commands). -That command is usually a list enclosed between { and }, but -may be any compound command listed above. -compound-command is executed whenever name is specified as the -name of a command. -Any redirections (see Redirections) associated with the shell function -are performed when the function is executed. - -

A function definition may be deleted using the -f option to the -unset builtin (see Bourne Shell Builtins). - -

The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error -occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists. -When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the -last command executed in the body. - -

Note that for historical reasons, in the most common usage the curly braces -that surround the body of the function must be separated from the body by -blanks or newlines. -This is because the braces are reserved words and are only recognized -as such when they are separated by whitespace. -Also, when using the braces, the list must be terminated by a semicolon, -a `&', or a newline. - -

When a function is executed, the arguments to the -function become the positional parameters -during its execution (see Positional Parameters). -The special parameter `#' that expands to the number of -positional parameters is updated to reflect the change. -Special parameter 0 is unchanged. -The first element of the FUNCNAME variable is set to the -name of the function while the function is executing. -All other aspects of the shell execution -environment are identical between a function and its caller -with the exception that the DEBUG and RETURN traps -are not inherited unless the function has been given the -trace attribute using the declare builtin or -the -o functrace option has been enabled with -the set builtin, -(in which case all functions inherit the DEBUG and RETURN traps). -See Bourne Shell Builtins, for the description of the -trap builtin. - -

If the builtin command return -is executed in a function, the function completes and -execution resumes with the next command after the function -call. -Any command associated with the RETURN trap is executed -before execution resumes. -When a function completes, the values of the -positional parameters and the special parameter `#' -are restored to the values they had prior to the function's -execution. If a numeric argument is given to return, -that is the function's return status; otherwise the function's -return status is the exit status of the last command executed -before the return. - -

Variables local to the function may be declared with the -local builtin. These variables are visible only to -the function and the commands it invokes. - -

Function names and definitions may be listed with the --f option to the declare or typeset -builtin commands (see Bash Builtins). -The -F option to declare or typeset -will list the function names only -(and optionally the source file and line number, if the extdebug -shell option is enabled). -Functions may be exported so that subshells -automatically have them defined with the --f option to the export builtin -(see Bourne Shell Builtins). -Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result -in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the -shell's children. -Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. - -

Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of -recursive calls. - -

- -Next: Shell Expansions, -Previous: Shell Functions, -Up: Basic Shell Features - -

- -

3.4 Shell Parameters

- -

A parameter is an entity that stores values. -It can be a name, a number, or one of the special characters -listed below. -A variable is a parameter denoted by a name. -A variable has a value and zero or more attributes. -Attributes are assigned using the declare builtin command -(see the description of the declare builtin in Bash Builtins). - -

A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is -a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using -the unset builtin command. - -

A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form -

     name=[value]
-

If value -is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All -values undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, -command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote -removal (detailed below). If the variable has its integer -attribute set, then value -is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) -expansion is not used (see Arithmetic Expansion). -Word splitting is not performed, with the exception -of "$@" as explained below. -Filename expansion is not performed. -Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the -alias, -declare, typeset, export, readonly, -and local builtin commands. - -

In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value -to a shell variable or array index (see Arrays), the `+=' -operator can be used to -append to or add to the variable's previous value. -When `+=' is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute -has been set, value is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and -added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. -When `+=' is applied to an array variable using compound assignment -(see Arrays), the -variable's value is not unset (as it is when using `='), and new -values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's -maximum index. -When applied to a string-valued variable, value is expanded and -appended to the variable's value. - -

- -Next: Special Parameters, -Up: Shell Parameters - -

- -

3.4.1 Positional Parameters

- -

-A positional parameter is a parameter denoted by one or more -digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are -assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked, -and may be reassigned using the set builtin command. -Positional parameter N may be referenced as ${N}, or -as $N when N consists of a single digit. -Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements. -The set and shift builtins are used to set and -unset them (see Shell Builtin Commands). -The positional parameters are -temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed -(see Shell Functions). - -

When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single -digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces. - -

- -Previous: Positional Parameters, -Up: Shell Parameters - -

- -

3.4.2 Special Parameters

- -

-The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may -only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. - -

*: Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the -expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word -with the value of each parameter separated by the first character -of the IFS -special variable. That is, "$*" is equivalent -to "$1c$2c...", where c -is the first character of the value of the IFS -variable. -If IFS is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. -If IFS is null, the parameters are joined without intervening -separators. - -
@: Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the -expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a -separate word. That is, "$@" is equivalent to -"$1" "$2" .... -If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of -the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original -word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last -part of the original word. -When there are no positional parameters, "$@" and -$@ -expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). - -
#: Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. - -
?: Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground -pipeline. - -
-: (A hyphen.) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon -invocation, by the set -builtin command, or those set by the shell itself -(such as the -i option). - -
$: Expands to the process id of the shell. In a () subshell, it -expands to the process id of the invoking shell, not the subshell. - -
!: Expands to the process id of the most recently executed background -(asynchronous) command. - -
0: Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at -shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands -(see Shell Scripts), $0 is set to the name of that file. -If Bash is started with the -c option (see Invoking Bash), -then $0 is set to the first argument after the string to be -executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set -to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero. - -
_: (An underscore.) -At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the -shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment -or argument list. -Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command, -after expansion. -Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed -and placed in the environment exported to that command. -When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file. -

- -

- -Next: Redirections, -Previous: Shell Parameters, -Up: Basic Shell Features - -

- -

3.5 Shell Expansions

- -

-Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into -tokens. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: -

brace expansion -
tilde expansion -
parameter and variable expansion -
command substitution -
arithmetic expansion -
word splitting -
filename expansion -

- -

Brace Expansion: Expansion of expressions within braces. -
Tilde Expansion: Expansion of the ~ character. -
Shell Parameter Expansion: How Bash expands variables to their values. -
Command Substitution: Using the output of a command as an argument. -
Arithmetic Expansion: How to use arithmetic in shell expansions. -
Process Substitution: A way to write and read to and from a - command. -
Word Splitting: How the results of expansion are split into separate - arguments. -
Filename Expansion: A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns. -
Quote Removal: How and when quote characters are removed from - words. -

- -

The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, -parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and -command substitution -(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and filename -expansion. - -

On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion -available: process substitution. This is performed at the -same time as parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and -command substitution. - -

Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion -can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions -expand a single word to a single word. -The only exceptions to this are the expansions of -"$@" (see Special Parameters) and "${name[@]}" -(see Arrays). - -

After all expansions, quote removal (see Quote Removal) -is performed. - -

- -Next: Tilde Expansion, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.1 Brace Expansion

- -

-Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated. -This mechanism is similar to -filename expansion (see Filename Expansion), -but the file names generated need not exist. -Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional preamble, -followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a seqeunce expression -between a pair of braces, -followed by an optional postscript. -The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and -the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left -to right. - -

Brace expansions may be nested. -The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order -is preserved. -For example, -

     bash$ echo a{d,c,b}e
-     ade ace abe
-

A sequence expression takes the form {x..y}, -where x and y are either integers or single characters. -When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between -x and y, inclusive. -When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character -lexicographically between x and y, inclusive. Note that -both x and y must be of the same type. - -

Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, -and any characters special to other expansions are preserved -in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash -does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the -expansion or the text between the braces. -To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string `${' -is not considered eligible for brace expansion. - -

A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening -and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid -sequence expression. -Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. - -

A { or `,' may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its -being considered part of a brace expression. -To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string `${' -is not considered eligible for brace expansion. - -

This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common -prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the -above example: -

     mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
-

or -

     chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
-

- -Next: Shell Parameter Expansion, -Previous: Brace Expansion, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.2 Tilde Expansion

- -

-If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~'), all of the -characters up to the first unquoted slash (or all characters, -if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a tilde-prefix. -If none of the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the -characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a -possible login name. -If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the -value of the HOME shell variable. -If HOME is unset, the home directory of the user executing the -shell is substituted instead. -Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory -associated with the specified login name. - -

If the tilde-prefix is `~+', the value of -the shell variable PWD replaces the tilde-prefix. -If the tilde-prefix is `~-', the value of the shell variable -OLDPWD, if it is set, is substituted. - -

If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a -number N, optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', -the tilde-prefix is replaced with the -corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed -by the dirs builtin invoked with the characters following tilde -in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see The Directory Stack). -If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a -leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. - -

If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is -left unchanged. - -

Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately -following a `:' or the first `='. -In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed. -Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to -PATH, MAILPATH, and CDPATH, -and the shell assigns the expanded value. - -

The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes: - -

~: The value of $HOME -
~/foo: $HOME/foo - -
~fred/foo: The subdirectory foo of the home directory of the user -fred - -
~+/foo: $PWD/foo - -
~-/foo: ${OLDPWD-'~-'}/foo - -
~N: The string that would be displayed by `dirs +N' - -
~+N: The string that would be displayed by `dirs +N' - -
~-N: The string that would be displayed by `dirs -N' - -

- -

- -Next: Command Substitution, -Previous: Tilde Expansion, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion

- -

-The `$' character introduces parameter expansion, -command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name -or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which -are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from -characters immediately following it which could be -interpreted as part of the name. - -

When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}' -not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an -embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter -expansion. - -

The basic form of parameter expansion is ${parameter}. -The value of parameter is substituted. The braces are required -when parameter -is a positional parameter with more than one digit, -or when parameter -is followed by a character that is not to be -interpreted as part of its name. - -

If the first character of parameter is an exclamation point, -a level of variable indirection is introduced. -Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of -parameter as the name of the variable; this variable is then -expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather -than the value of parameter itself. -This is known as indirect expansion. -The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!prefix*} -and ${!name[@]} -described below. -The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to -introduce indirection. - -

In each of the cases below, word is subject to tilde expansion, -parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - -

When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter -that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a -parameter that is unset. Put another way, if the colon is included, -the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null; -if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence. - -

${parameter:−word}: If parameter is unset or null, the expansion of -word is substituted. Otherwise, the value of -parameter is substituted. - -
${parameter:=word}: If parameter -is unset or null, the expansion of word -is assigned to parameter. -The value of parameter is then substituted. -Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to -in this way. - -
${parameter:?word}: If parameter -is null or unset, the expansion of word (or a message -to that effect if word -is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it -is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of parameter is -substituted. - -
${parameter:+word}: If parameter -is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of -word is substituted. - -
${parameter:offset}
${parameter:offset:length}: Expands to up to length characters of parameter -starting at the character specified by offset. -If length is omitted, expands to the substring of -parameter starting at the character specified by offset. -length and offset are arithmetic expressions -(see Shell Arithmetic). -This is referred to as Substring Expansion. - -
length must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. -If offset evaluates to a number less than zero, the value -is used as an offset from the end of the value of parameter. -If parameter is `@', the result is length positional -parameters beginning at offset. -If parameter is an array name indexed by `@' or `*', -the result is the length -members of the array beginning with ${parameter[offset]}. -A negative offset is taken relative to one greater than the maximum -index of the specified array. -Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least -one space to avoid being confused with the `:-' expansion. -Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters -are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. -If offset is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $@ is -prefixed to the list. - -
${!prefix*}
${!prefix@}: Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with prefix, -separated by the first character of the IFS special variable. -When `@' is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each -variable name expands to a separate word. - -
${!name[@]}
${!name[*]}: If name is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices -(keys) assigned in name. -If name is not an array, expands to 0 if name is set and null -otherwise. -When `@' is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each -key expands to a separate word. - -
${#parameter}: The length in characters of the expanded value of parameter is -substituted. -If parameter is `*' or `@', the value substituted -is the number of positional parameters. -If parameter is an array name subscripted by `*' or `@', -the value substituted is the number of elements in the array. - -
${parameter#word}
${parameter##word}: The word -is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename -expansion (see Filename Expansion). If the pattern matches -the beginning of the expanded value of parameter, -then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of parameter -with the shortest matching pattern (the `#' case) or the -longest matching pattern (the `##' case) deleted. -If parameter is `@' or `*', -the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional -parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. -If parameter is an array variable subscripted with -`@' or `*', -the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the -array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - -
${parameter%word}
${parameter%%word}: The word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in -filename expansion. -If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of -parameter, then the result of the expansion is the value of -parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the `%' case) -or the longest matching pattern (the `%%' case) deleted. -If parameter is `@' or `*', -the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional -parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. -If parameter -is an array variable subscripted with `@' or `*', -the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the -array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - -
${parameter/pattern/string}: -The pattern is expanded to produce a pattern just as in -filename expansion. -Parameter is expanded and the longest match of pattern -against its value is replaced with string. -If pattern begins with `/', all matches of pattern are -replaced with string. Normally only the first match is replaced. -If pattern begins with `#', it must match at the beginning -of the expanded value of parameter. -If pattern begins with `%', it must match at the end -of the expanded value of parameter. -If string is null, matches of pattern are deleted -and the / following pattern may be omitted. -If parameter is `@' or `*', -the substitution operation is applied to each positional -parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. -If parameter -is an array variable subscripted with `@' or `*', -the substitution operation is applied to each member of the -array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - -

- -

- -Next: Arithmetic Expansion, -Previous: Shell Parameter Expansion, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.4 Command Substitution

- -

-Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace -the command itself. -Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed as follows: -

     $(command)
-

or -

     `command`
-

Bash performs the expansion by executing command and -replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the -command, with any trailing newlines deleted. -Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during -word splitting. -The command substitution $(cat file) can be -replaced by the equivalent but faster $(< file). - -

When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, -backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by -`$', ``', or `\'. -The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the -command substitution. -When using the $(command) form, all characters between -the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. - -

Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted -form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - -

If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and -filename expansion are not performed on the results. - -

- -Next: Process Substitution, -Previous: Command Substitution, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion

- -

-Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression -and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is: - -

     $(( expression ))
-

The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but -a double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. -All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command -substitution, and quote removal. -Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - -

The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below -(see Shell Arithmetic). -If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating -failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs. - -

- -Next: Word Splitting, -Previous: Arithmetic Expansion, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.6 Process Substitution

- -

-Process substitution is supported on systems that support named -pipes (fifos) or the /dev/fd method of naming open files. -It takes the form of -

     <(list)
-

or -

     >(list)
-

The process list is run with its input or output connected to a -fifo or some file in /dev/fd. The name of this file is -passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the -expansion. If the >(list) form is used, writing to -the file will provide input for list. If the -<(list) form is used, the file passed as an -argument should be read to obtain the output of list. -Note that no space may appear between the < or > -and the left parenthesis, otherwise the construct would be interpreted -as a redirection. - -

When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with -parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic -expansion. - -

- -Next: Filename Expansion, -Previous: Process Substitution, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.7 Word Splitting

- -

-The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution, -and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for -word splitting. - -

The shell treats each character of $IFS as a delimiter, and splits -the results of the other expansions into words on these characters. -If IFS is unset, or its value is exactly <space><tab><newline>, -the default, then sequences of - <space>, <tab>, and <newline> -at the beginning and end of the results of the previous -expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IFS -characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words. -If IFS has a value other than the default, then sequences of -the whitespace characters space and tab -are ignored at the beginning and end of the -word, as long as the whitespace character is in the -value of IFS (an IFS whitespace character). -Any character in IFS that is not IFS -whitespace, along with any adjacent IFS -whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IFS -whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. -If the value of IFS is null, no word splitting occurs. - -

Explicit null arguments ("" or '') are retained. -Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of -parameters that have no values, are removed. -If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a -null argument results and is retained. - -

Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting -is performed. - -

- -Next: Quote Removal, -Previous: Word Splitting, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.8 Filename Expansion

- - - -After word splitting, unless the -f option has been set -(see The Set Builtin), Bash scans each word for the characters -`*', `?', and `['. -If one of these characters appears, then the word is -regarded as a pattern, -and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of -file names matching the pattern. If no matching file names are found, -and the shell option nullglob is disabled, the word is left -unchanged. -If the nullglob option is set, and no matches are found, the word -is removed. -If the failglob shell option is set, and no matches are found, -an error message is printed and the command is not executed. -If the shell option nocaseglob is enabled, the match is performed -without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. - -

When a pattern is used for filename generation, the character `.' -at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash -must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option dotglob is set. -When matching a file name, the slash character must always be -matched explicitly. -In other cases, the `.' character is not treated specially. - -

See the description of shopt in The Shopt Builtin, -for a description of the nocaseglob, nullglob, -failglob, and dotglob options. - -

The GLOBIGNORE -shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a -pattern. If GLOBIGNORE -is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in -GLOBIGNORE is removed from the list of matches. The filenames -. and .. -are always ignored when GLOBIGNORE -is set and not null. -However, setting GLOBIGNORE to a non-null value has the effect of -enabling the dotglob -shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a -`.' will match. -To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a -`.', make `.*' one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE. -The dotglob option is disabled when GLOBIGNORE -is unset. - -

- -Up: Filename Expansion - -

- -

3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching

- -

-Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern -characters described below, matches itself. -The nul character may not occur in a pattern. -A backslash escapes the following character; the -escaping backslash is discarded when matching. -The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched -literally. - -

The special pattern characters have the following meanings: -

*

Matches any string, including the null string. -

?

Matches any single character. -

[...]

Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters -separated by a hyphen denotes a range expression; -any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, -using the current locale's collating sequence and character set, -is matched. If the first character following the -`[' is a `!' or a `^' -then any character not enclosed is matched. A `−' -may be matched by including it as the first or last character -in the set. A `]' may be matched by including it as the first -character in the set. -The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by -the current locale and the value of the LC_COLLATE shell variable, -if set. - -

For example, in the default C locale, `[a-dx-z]' is equivalent to -`[abcdxyz]'. Many locales sort characters in dictionary order, and in -these locales `[a-dx-z]' is typically not equivalent to `[abcdxyz]'; -it might be equivalent to `[aBbCcDdxXyYz]', for example. To obtain -the traditional interpretation of ranges in bracket expressions, you can -force the use of the C locale by setting the LC_COLLATE or -LC_ALL environment variable to the value `C'. - -

Within `[' and `]', character classes can be specified -using the syntax -[:class:], where class is one of the -following classes defined in the posix standard: -

          alnum   alpha   ascii   blank   cntrl   digit   graph   lower
-          print   punct   space   upper   word    xdigit
-

A character class matches any character belonging to that class. -The word character class matches letters, digits, and the character -`_'. - -

Within `[' and `]', an equivalence class can be -specified using the syntax [=c=], which -matches all characters with the same collation weight (as defined -by the current locale) as the character c. - -

Within `[' and `]', the syntax [.symbol.] -matches the collating symbol symbol. -

- -

If the extglob shell option is enabled using the shopt -builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized. -In the following description, a pattern-list is a list of one -or more patterns separated by a `|'. -Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following -sub-patterns: - -

?(pattern-list): Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns. - -
*(pattern-list): Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns. - -
+(pattern-list): Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns. - -
@(pattern-list): Matches one of the given patterns. - -
!(pattern-list): Matches anything except one of the given patterns. -

- -

- -Previous: Filename Expansion, -Up: Shell Expansions - -

- -

3.5.9 Quote Removal

- -

After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the -characters `\', `'', and `"' that did not -result from one of the above expansions are removed. - -

- -Next: Executing Commands, -Previous: Shell Expansions, -Up: Basic Shell Features - -

- -

3.6 Redirections

- -

-Before a command is executed, its input and output -may be redirected -using a special notation interpreted by the shell. -Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the -current shell execution environment. The following redirection -operators may precede or appear anywhere within a -simple command or may follow a command. -Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from -left to right. - -

In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is -omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is -`<', the redirection refers to the standard input (file -descriptor 0). If the first character of the redirection operator -is `>', the redirection refers to the standard output (file -descriptor 1). - -

The word following the redirection operator in the following -descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, -tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic -expansion, quote removal, filename expansion, and word splitting. -If it expands to more than one word, Bash reports an error. - -

Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, -the command -

     ls > dirlist 2>&1
-

directs both standard output (file descriptor 1) and standard error -(file descriptor 2) to the file dirlist, while the command -

     ls 2>&1 > dirlist
-

directs only the standard output to file dirlist, -because the standard error was duplicated as standard output -before the standard output was redirected to dirlist. - -

Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in -redirections, as described in the following table: - -

/dev/fd/fd: If fd is a valid integer, file descriptor fd is duplicated. - -
/dev/stdin: File descriptor 0 is duplicated. - -
/dev/stdout: File descriptor 1 is duplicated. - -
/dev/stderr: File descriptor 2 is duplicated. - -
/dev/tcp/host/port: If host is a valid hostname or Internet address, and port -is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a TCP -connection to the corresponding socket. - -
/dev/udp/host/port: If host is a valid hostname or Internet address, and port -is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP -connection to the corresponding socket. - -

- -

A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - -

Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with -care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses -internally. - -

3.6.1 Redirecting Input

- -

Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from -the expansion of word -to be opened for reading on file descriptor n, -or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if n -is not specified. - -

The general format for redirecting input is: -

     [n]<word
-

3.6.2 Redirecting Output

- -

Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from -the expansion of word -to be opened for writing on file descriptor n, -or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if n -is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created; -if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. - -

The general format for redirecting output is: -

     [n]>[|]word
-

If the redirection operator is `>', and the noclobber -option to the set builtin has been enabled, the redirection -will fail if the file whose name results from the expansion of -word exists and is a regular file. -If the redirection operator is `>|', or the redirection operator is -`>' and the noclobber option is not enabled, the redirection -is attempted even if the file named by word exists. - -

3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output

- -

Redirection of output in this fashion -causes the file whose name results from -the expansion of word -to be opened for appending on file descriptor n, -or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if n -is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. - -

The general format for appending output is: -

     [n]>>word
-

3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error

- -

Bash allows both the -standard output (file descriptor 1) and -the standard error output (file descriptor 2) -to be redirected to the file whose name is the -expansion of word with this construct. - -

There are two formats for redirecting standard output and -standard error: -

     &>word
-

and -

     >&word
-

Of the two forms, the first is preferred. -This is semantically equivalent to -

     >word 2>&1
-

3.6.5 Here Documents

- -

This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the -current source until a line containing only word -(with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of -the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard -input for a command. - -

The format of here-documents is: -

     <<[−]word
-             here-document
-     delimiter
-

No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, -or filename expansion is performed on -word. If any characters in word are quoted, the -delimiter is the result of quote removal on word, -and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. -If word is unquoted, -all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, -command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter -case, the character sequence \newline is ignored, and `\' -must be used to quote the characters -`\', `$', and ``'. - -

If the redirection operator is `<<-', -then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the -line containing delimiter. -This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a -natural fashion. - -

3.6.6 Here Strings

- -

A variant of here documents, the format is: -

     <<< word
-

The word is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard -input. - -

3.6.7 Duplicating File Descriptors

- -

The redirection operator -

     [n]<&word
-

is used to duplicate input file descriptors. -If word -expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by n -is made to be a copy of that file descriptor. -If the digits in word do not specify a file descriptor open for -input, a redirection error occurs. -If word -evaluates to `-', file descriptor n is closed. If -n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. - -

The operator -

     [n]>&word
-

is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If -n is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. -If the digits in word do not specify a file descriptor open for -output, a redirection error occurs. -As a special case, if n is omitted, and word does not -expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard -error are redirected as described previously. - -

3.6.8 Moving File Descriptors

- -

The redirection operator -

     [n]<&digit-
-

moves the file descriptor digit to file descriptor n, -or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if n is not specified. -digit is closed after being duplicated to n. - -

Similarly, the redirection operator -

     [n]>&digit-
-

moves the file descriptor digit to file descriptor n, -or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if n is not specified. - -

3.6.9 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing

- -

The redirection operator -

     [n]<>word
-

causes the file whose name is the expansion of word -to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor -n, or on file descriptor 0 if n -is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. - -

- -Next: Shell Scripts, -Previous: Redirections, -Up: Basic Shell Features - -

- -

3.7 Executing Commands

- -

Simple Command Expansion: How Bash expands simple commands before - executing them. -
Command Search and Execution: How Bash finds commands and runs them. -
Command Execution Environment: The environment in which Bash - executes commands that are not - shell builtins. -
Environment: The environment given to a command. -
Exit Status: The status returned by commands and how Bash - interprets it. -
Signals: What happens when Bash or a command it runs - receives a signal. -

- -

- -Next: Command Search and Execution, -Up: Executing Commands - -

- -

3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion

- -

-When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following -expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - -

The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those -preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later -processing. - -
The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are -expanded (see Shell Expansions). -If any words remain after expansion, the first word -is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are -the arguments. - -
Redirections are performed as described above (see Redirections). - -
The text after the `=' in each variable assignment undergoes tilde -expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, -and quote removal before being assigned to the variable. -

- -

If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current -shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment -of the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment. -If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable, -an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status. - -

If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not -affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the -command to exit with a non-zero status. - -

If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as -described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions -contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is -the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there -were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. - -

- -Next: Command Execution Environment, -Previous: Simple Command Expansion, -Up: Executing Commands - -

- -

3.7.2 Command Search and Execution

- -

-After a command has been split into words, if it results in a -simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following -actions are taken. - -

If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to -locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that -function is invoked as described in Shell Functions. - -
If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for -it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that -builtin is invoked. - -
If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, -and contains no slashes, Bash searches each element of -$PATH for a directory containing an executable file -by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full -pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple PATH searches -(see the description of hash in Bourne Shell Builtins). -A full search of the directories in $PATH -is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. -If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error -message and returns an exit status of 127. - -
If the search is successful, or if the command name contains -one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in -a separate execution environment. -Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments -to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any. - -
If this execution fails because the file is not in executable -format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a -shell script and the shell executes it as described in -Shell Scripts. - -
If the command was not begun asynchronously, the shell waits for -the command to complete and collects its exit status. - -

- -

- -Next: Environment, -Previous: Command Search and Execution, -Up: Executing Commands - -

- -

3.7.3 Command Execution Environment

- -

-The shell has an execution environment, which consists of the -following: - -

open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by -redirections supplied to the exec builtin - -
the current working directory as set by cd, pushd, or -popd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - -
the file creation mode mask as set by umask or inherited from -the shell's parent - -
current traps set by trap - -
shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with set -or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - -
shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's -parent in the environment - -
options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line -arguments) or by set - -
options enabled by shopt (see The Shopt Builtin) - -
shell aliases defined with alias (see Aliases) - -
various process ids, including those of background jobs -(see Lists), the value of $$, and the value of -$PPID - -

- -

When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function -is to be executed, it -is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of -the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited -from the shell. - -

the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified -by redirections to the command - -
the current working directory - -
the file creation mode mask - -
shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables -exported for the command, passed in the environment (see Environment) - -
traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the -shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - -

- -

A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the -shell's execution environment. - -

Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, -and asynchronous commands are invoked in a -subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment, -except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values -that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin -commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed -in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment -cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - -

If a command is followed by a `&' and job control is not active, the -default standard input for the command is the empty file /dev/null. -Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling -shell as modified by redirections. - -

- -Next: Exit Status, -Previous: Command Execution Environment, -Up: Executing Commands - -

- -

3.7.4 Environment

- -

-When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings -called the environment. -This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form name=value. - -

Bash provides several ways to manipulate the environment. -On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and -creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking -it for export -to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment. -The export and `declare -x' -commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and -deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter -in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part -of the environment, replacing the old. The environment -inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's -initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell, -less any pairs removed by the unset and `export -n' -commands, plus any additions via the export and -`declare -x' commands. - -

The environment for any simple command -or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with -parameter assignments, as described in Shell Parameters. -These assignment statements affect only the environment seen -by that command. - -

If the -k option is set (see The Set Builtin), then all -parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, -not just those that precede the command name. - -

When Bash invokes an external command, the variable `$_' -is set to the full path name of the command and passed to that -command in its environment. - -

- -Next: Signals, -Previous: Environment, -Up: Executing Commands - -

- -

3.7.5 Exit Status

- -

-For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a -zero exit status has succeeded. -A non-zero exit status indicates failure. -This seemingly counter-intuitive scheme is used so there -is one well-defined way to indicate success and a variety of -ways to indicate various failure modes. -When a command terminates on a fatal signal whose number is N, -Bash uses the value 128+N as the exit status. - -

If a command is not found, the child process created to -execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found -but is not executable, the return status is 126. - -

If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, -the exit status is greater than zero. - -

The exit status is used by the Bash conditional commands -(see Conditional Constructs) and some of the list -constructs (see Lists). - -

All of the Bash builtins return an exit status of zero if they succeed -and a non-zero status on failure, so they may be used by the -conditional and list constructs. -All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage. - -

- -Previous: Exit Status, -Up: Executing Commands - -

- -

3.7.6 Signals

- -

-When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores -SIGTERM (so that `kill 0' does not kill an interactive shell), -and SIGINT -is caught and handled (so that the wait builtin is interruptible). -When Bash receives a SIGINT, it breaks out of any executing loops. -In all cases, Bash ignores SIGQUIT. -If job control is in effect (see Job Control), Bash -ignores SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, and SIGTSTP. - -

Non-builtin commands started by Bash have signal handlers set to the -values inherited by the shell from its parent. -When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands -ignore SIGINT and SIGQUIT in addition to these inherited -handlers. -Commands run as a result of -command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals -SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, and SIGTSTP. - -

The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SIGHUP. -Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the SIGHUP to -all jobs, running or stopped. -Stopped jobs are sent SIGCONT to ensure that they receive -the SIGHUP. -To prevent the shell from sending the SIGHUP signal to a -particular job, it should be removed -from the jobs table with the disown -builtin (see Job Control Builtins) or marked -to not receive SIGHUP using disown -h. - -

If the huponexit shell option has been set with shopt -(see The Shopt Builtin), Bash sends a SIGHUP to all jobs when -an interactive login shell exits. - -

If Bash is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal -for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until -the command completes. -When Bash is waiting for an asynchronous -command via the wait builtin, the reception of a signal for -which a trap has been set will cause the wait builtin to return -immediately with an exit status greater than 128, immediately after -which the trap is executed. - -

- -Previous: Executing Commands, -Up: Basic Shell Features - -

- -

3.8 Shell Scripts

- -

-A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such -a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash, -and neither the -c nor -s option is supplied -(see Invoking Bash), -Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This -mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first -searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the -directories in $PATH if not found there. - -

When Bash runs -a shell script, it sets the special parameter 0 to the name -of the file, rather than the name of the shell, and the positional -parameters are set to the remaining arguments, if any are given. -If no additional arguments are supplied, the positional parameters -are unset. - -

A shell script may be made executable by using the chmod command -to turn on the execute bit. When Bash finds such a file while -searching the $PATH for a command, it spawns a subshell to -execute it. In other words, executing -

     filename arguments
-

is equivalent to executing -

     bash filename arguments
-

if filename is an executable shell script. -This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a -new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the -exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent -(see the description of hash in Bourne Shell Builtins) -are retained by the child. - -

Most versions of Unix make this a part of the operating system's command -execution mechanism. If the first line of a script begins with -the two characters `#!', the remainder of the line specifies -an interpreter for the program. -Thus, you can specify Bash, awk, Perl, or some other -interpreter and write the rest of the script file in that language. - -

The arguments to the interpreter -consist of a single optional argument following the interpreter -name on the first line of the script file, followed by the name of -the script file, followed by the rest of the arguments. Bash -will perform this action on operating systems that do not handle it -themselves. Note that some older versions of Unix limit the interpreter -name and argument to a maximum of 32 characters. - -

Bash scripts often begin with #! /bin/bash (assuming that -Bash has been installed in /bin), since this ensures that -Bash will be used to interpret the script, even if it is executed -under another shell. - -

- -Next: Shell Variables, -Previous: Basic Shell Features, -Up: Top - -

- -

4 Shell Builtin Commands

- - - -

Builtin commands are contained within the shell itself. -When the name of a builtin command is used as the first word of -a simple command (see Simple Commands), the shell executes -the command directly, without invoking another program. -Builtin commands are necessary to implement functionality impossible -or inconvenient to obtain with separate utilities. - -

This section briefly describes the builtins which Bash inherits from -the Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique -to or have been extended in Bash. - -

Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin -commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control -facilities (see Job Control Builtins), the directory stack -(see Directory Stack Builtins), the command history -(see Bash History Builtins), and the programmable completion -facilities (see Programmable Completion Builtins). - -

Many of the builtins have been extended by posix or Bash. - -

Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented as accepting -options preceded by `-' accepts `--' -to signify the end of the options. -For example, the :, true, false, and test -builtins do not accept options. - -

- -Next: Bash Builtins, -Up: Shell Builtin Commands - -

- -

4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins

- -

The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell. -These commands are implemented as specified by the posix standard. - -

: (a colon)

          : [arguments]
-

Do nothing beyond expanding arguments and performing redirections. -The return status is zero. - -

. (a period)

          . filename [arguments]
-

Read and execute commands from the filename argument in the -current shell context. If filename does not contain a slash, -the PATH variable is used to find filename. -When Bash is not in posix mode, the current directory is searched -if filename is not found in $PATH. -If any arguments are supplied, they become the positional -parameters when filename is executed. Otherwise the positional -parameters are unchanged. -The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or -zero if no commands are executed. If filename is not found, or -cannot be read, the return status is non-zero. -This builtin is equivalent to source. - -

break

          break [n]
-

Exit from a for, while, until, or select loop. -If n is supplied, the nth enclosing loop is exited. -n must be greater than or equal to 1. -The return status is zero unless n is not greater than or equal to 1. - -

cd

          cd [-L|-P] [directory]
-

Change the current working directory to directory. -If directory is not given, the value of the HOME shell -variable is used. -If the shell variable CDPATH exists, it is used as a search path. -If directory begins with a slash, CDPATH is not used. - -

The -P option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic -links are followed by default or with the -L option. -If directory is `-', it is equivalent to $OLDPWD. - -

If a non-empty directory name from CDPATH is used, or if -`-' is the first argument, and the directory change is -successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is -written to the standard output. - -

The return status is zero if the directory is successfully changed, -non-zero otherwise. - -

continue

          continue [n]
-

Resume the next iteration of an enclosing for, while, -until, or select loop. -If n is supplied, the execution of the nth enclosing loop -is resumed. -n must be greater than or equal to 1. -The return status is zero unless n is not greater than or equal to 1. - -

eval

          eval [arguments]
-

The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is -then read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status -of eval. -If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return status is -zero. - -

exec

          exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments]]
-

If command -is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new process. -If the -l option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the -beginning of the zeroth argument passed to command. -This is what the login program does. -The -c option causes command to be executed with an empty -environment. -If -a is supplied, the shell passes name as the zeroth -argument to command. -If no command is specified, redirections may be used to affect -the current shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the -return status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero. - -

exit

          exit [n]
-

Exit the shell, returning a status of n to the shell's parent. -If n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. -Any trap on EXIT is executed before the shell terminates. - -

export

          export [-fn] [-p] [name[=value]]
-

Mark each name to be passed to child processes -in the environment. If the -f option is supplied, the names -refer to shell functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables. -The -n option means to no longer mark each name for export. -If no names are supplied, or if the -p option is given, a -list of exported names is displayed. -The -p option displays output in a form that may be reused as input. -If a variable name is followed by =value, the value of -the variable is set to value. - -

The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of -the names is not a valid shell variable name, or -f is supplied -with a name that is not a shell function. - -

getopts

          getopts optstring name [args]
-

getopts is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters. -optstring contains the option characters to be recognized; if a -character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an -argument, which should be separated from it by white space. -The colon (`:') and question mark (`?') may not be -used as option characters. -Each time it is invoked, getopts -places the next option in the shell variable name, initializing -name if it does not exist, -and the index of the next argument to be processed into the -variable OPTIND. -OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script -is invoked. -When an option requires an argument, -getopts places that argument into the variable OPTARG. -The shell does not reset OPTIND automatically; it must be manually -reset between multiple calls to getopts within the same shell -invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. - -

When the end of options is encountered, getopts exits with a -return value greater than zero. -OPTIND is set to the index of the first non-option argument, -and name is set to `?'. - -

getopts -normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are -given in args, getopts parses those instead. - -

getopts can report errors in two ways. If the first character of -optstring is a colon, silent -error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages -are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are -encountered. -If the variable OPTERR -is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first -character of optstring is not a colon. - -

If an invalid option is seen, -getopts places `?' into name and, if not silent, -prints an error message and unsets OPTARG. -If getopts is silent, the option character found is placed in -OPTARG and no diagnostic message is printed. - -

If a required argument is not found, and getopts -is not silent, a question mark (`?') is placed in name, -OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. -If getopts is silent, then a colon (`:') is placed in -name and OPTARG is set to the option character found. - -

hash

          hash [-r] [-p filename] [-dt] [name]
-

Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as name arguments, -so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations. -The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in -$PATH. -The -p option inhibits the path search, and filename is -used as the location of name. -The -r option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. -The -d option causes the shell to forget the remembered location -of each name. -If the -t option is supplied, the full pathname to which each -name corresponds is printed. If multiple name arguments are -supplied with -t the name is printed before the hashed -full pathname. -The -l option causes output to be displayed in a format -that may be reused as input. -If no arguments are given, or if only -l is supplied, -information about remembered commands is printed. -The return status is zero unless a name is not found or an invalid -option is supplied. - -

pwd

          pwd [-LP]
-

Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. -If the -P option is supplied, the pathname printed will not -contain symbolic links. -If the -L option is supplied, the pathname printed may contain -symbolic links. -The return status is zero unless an error is encountered while -determining the name of the current directory or an invalid option -is supplied. - -

readonly

          readonly [-apf] [name[=value]] ...
-

Mark each name as readonly. -The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment. -If the -f option is supplied, each name refers to a shell -function. -The -a option means each name refers to an array variable. -If no name arguments are given, or if the -p -option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. -The -p option causes output to be displayed in a format that -may be reused as input. -If a variable name is followed by =value, the value of -the variable is set to value. -The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of -the name arguments is not a valid shell variable or function name, -or the -f option is supplied with a name that is not a shell function. - -

return

          return [n]
-

Cause a shell function to exit with the return value n. -If n is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of the -last command executed in the function. -This may also be used to terminate execution of a script being executed -with the . (or source) builtin, returning either n or -the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit -status of the script. -Any command associated with the RETURN trap is executed -before execution resumes after the function or script. -The return status is non-zero if return is used outside a function -and not during the execution of a script by . or source. - -

shift

          shift [n]
-

Shift the positional parameters to the left by n. -The positional parameters from n+1 ... $# are -renamed to $1 ... $#-n. -Parameters represented by the numbers $# to $#-n+1 -are unset. -n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $#. -If n is zero or greater than $#, the positional parameters -are not changed. -If n is not supplied, it is assumed to be 1. -The return status is zero unless n is greater than $# or -less than zero, non-zero otherwise. - -

test

[

Evaluate a conditional expression expr. -Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. -Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in -Bash Conditional Expressions. -test does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore -an argument of -- as signifying the end of options. - -

When the [ form is used, the last argument to the command must -be a ]. - -

Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in -decreasing order of precedence. - -

! expr: True if expr is false. - -
( expr ): Returns the value of expr. -This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. - -
expr1 -a expr2: True if both expr1 and expr2 are true. - -
expr1 -o expr2: True if either expr1 or expr2 is true. -

- -

The test and [ builtins evaluate conditional -expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments. - -

0 arguments: The expression is false. - -
1 argument: The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null. - -
2 arguments: If the first argument is `!', the expression is true if and -only if the second argument is null. -If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators -(see Bash Conditional Expressions), the expression -is true if the unary test is true. -If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is -false. - -
3 arguments: If the second argument is one of the binary conditional -operators (see Bash Conditional Expressions), the -result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the -first and third arguments as operands. -If the first argument is `!', the value is the negation of -the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. -If the first argument is exactly `(' and the third argument is -exactly `)', the result is the one-argument test of the second -argument. -Otherwise, the expression is false. -The `-a' and `-o' operators are considered binary operators -in this case. - -
4 arguments: If the first argument is `!', the result is the negation of -the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. -Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to -precedence using the rules listed above. - -
5 or more arguments: The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence -using the rules listed above. -

- -

times

          times
-

Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children. -The return status is zero. - -

trap

          trap [-lp] [arg] [sigspec ...]
-

The commands in arg are to be read and executed when the -shell receives signal sigspec. If arg is absent (and -there is a single sigspec) or -equal to `-', each specified signal's disposition is reset -to the value it had when the shell was started. -If arg is the null string, then the signal specified by -each sigspec is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes. -If arg is not present and -p has been supplied, -the shell displays the trap commands associated with each sigspec. -If no arguments are supplied, or -only -p is given, trap prints the list of commands -associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as -shell input. -The -l option causes the shell to print a list of signal names -and their corresponding numbers. -Each sigspec is either a signal name or a signal number. -Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. -If a sigspec -is 0 or EXIT, arg is executed when the shell exits. -If a sigspec is DEBUG, the command arg is executed -before every simple command, for command, case command, -select command, every arithmetic for command, and before -the first command executes in a shell function. -Refer to the description of the extglob option to the -shopt builtin (see The Shopt Builtin) for details of its -effect on the DEBUG trap. -If a sigspec is ERR, the command arg -is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status, -subject to the following conditions. -The ERR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the -command list immediately following an until or while keyword, -part of the test in an if statement, -part of a && or || list, or if the command's return -status is being inverted using !. -These are the same conditions obeyed by the errexit option. -If a sigspec is RETURN, the command arg is executed -each time a shell function or a script executed with the . or -source builtins finishes executing. - -

Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. -Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original -values in a child process when it is created. - -

The return status is zero unless a sigspec does not specify a -valid signal. - -

umask

          umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
-

Set the shell process's file creation mask to mode. If -mode begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; -if not, it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar -to that accepted by the chmod command. If mode is -omitted, the current value of the mask is printed. If the -S -option is supplied without a mode argument, the mask is printed -in a symbolic format. -If the -p option is supplied, and mode -is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. -The return status is zero if the mode is successfully changed or if -no mode argument is supplied, and non-zero otherwise. - -

Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number -of the umask is subtracted from 7. Thus, a umask of 022 -results in permissions of 755. - -

unset

          unset [-fv] [name]
-

Each variable or function name is removed. -If no options are supplied, or the -v option is given, each -name refers to a shell variable. -If the -f option is given, the names refer to shell -functions, and the function definition is removed. -Readonly variables and functions may not be unset. -The return status is zero unless a name is readonly. -

- -

- -Next: Modifying Shell Behavior, -Previous: Bourne Shell Builtins, -Up: Shell Builtin Commands - -

- -

4.2 Bash Builtin Commands

- -

This section describes builtin commands which are unique to -or have been extended in Bash. -Some of these commands are specified in the posix standard. - -

alias

          alias [-p] [name[=value] ...]
-

Without arguments or with the -p option, alias prints -the list of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows -them to be reused as input. -If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each name -whose value is given. If no value is given, the name -and value of the alias is printed. -Aliases are described in Aliases. - -

bind

          bind [-m keymap] [-lpsvPSV]
-          bind [-m keymap] [-q function] [-u function] [-r keyseq]
-          bind [-m keymap] -f filename
-          bind [-m keymap] -x keyseq:shell-command
-          bind [-m keymap] keyseq:function-name
-          bind readline-command
-

Display current Readline (see Command Line Editing) -key and function bindings, -bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro, -or set a Readline variable. -Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a -Readline initialization file (see Readline Init File), -but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., -`"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'. -Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - -

-m keymap: Use keymap as the keymap to be affected by -the subsequent bindings. Acceptable keymap -names are -emacs, -emacs-standard, -emacs-meta, -emacs-ctlx, -vi, -vi-move, -vi-command, and -vi-insert. -vi is equivalent to vi-command; -emacs is equivalent to emacs-standard. - -
-l: List the names of all Readline functions. - -
-p: Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way that they -can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file. - -
-P: List current Readline function names and bindings. - -
-v: Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that they -can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file. - -
-V: List current Readline variable names and values. - -
-s: Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output -in such a way that they can be used as input or in a Readline -initialization file. - -
-S: Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - -
-f filename: Read key bindings from filename. - -
-q function: Query about which keys invoke the named function. - -
-u function: Unbind all keys bound to the named function. - -
-r keyseq: Remove any current binding for keyseq. - -
-x keyseq:shell-command: Cause shell-command to be executed whenever keyseq is -entered. - -

- -

The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or an -error occurs. - -

builtin

          builtin [shell-builtin [args]]
-

Run a shell builtin, passing it args, and return its exit status. -This is useful when defining a shell function with the same -name as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within -the function. -The return status is non-zero if shell-builtin is not a shell -builtin command. - -

caller

          caller [expr]
-

Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or -a script executed with the . or source builtins). - -

Without expr, caller displays the line number and source -filename of the current subroutine call. -If a non-negative integer is supplied as expr, caller -displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding -to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra -information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The -current frame is frame 0. - -

The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine -call or expr does not correspond to a valid position in the -call stack. - -

command

          command [-pVv] command [arguments ...]
-

Runs command with arguments ignoring any shell function -named command. -Only shell builtin commands or commands found by searching the -PATH are executed. -If there is a shell function named ls, running `command ls' -within the function will execute the external command ls -instead of calling the function recursively. -The -p option means to use a default value for PATH -that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. -The return status in this case is 127 if command cannot be -found or an error occurred, and the exit status of command -otherwise. - -

If either the -V or -v option is supplied, a -description of command is printed. The -v option -causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to -invoke command to be displayed; the -V option produces -a more verbose description. In this case, the return status is -zero if command is found, and non-zero if not. - -

declare

          declare [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=value] ...]
-

Declare variables and give them attributes. If no names -are given, then display the values of variables instead. - -

The -p option will display the attributes and values of each -name. -When -p is used, additional options are ignored. -The -F option inhibits the display of function definitions; -only the function name and attributes are printed. -If the extdebug shell option is enabled using shopt -(see The Shopt Builtin), the source file name and line number where -the function is defined are displayed as well. --F implies -f. -The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with -the specified attributes or to give variables attributes: - -

-a: Each name is an array variable (see Arrays). - -
-f: Use function names only. - -
-i: The variable is to be treated as -an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see Shell Arithmetic) is -performed when the variable is assigned a value. - -
-r: Make names readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values -by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - -
-t: Give each name the trace attribute. -Traced functions inherit the DEBUG and RETURN traps from -the calling shell. -The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - -
-x: Mark each name for export to subsequent commands via -the environment. -

- -

Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, -with the exceptions that `+a' -may not be used to destroy an array variable and `+r' will not -remove the readonly attribute. -When used in a function, declare makes each name local, -as with the local command. If a variable name is followed by -=value, the value of the variable is set to value. - -

The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered, -an attempt is made to define a function using `-f foo=bar', -an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, -an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without -using the compound assignment syntax (see Arrays), -one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, -an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, -an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, -or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -f. - -

echo

          echo [-neE] [arg ...]
-

Output the args, separated by spaces, terminated with a -newline. -The return status is always 0. -If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. -If the -e option is given, interpretation of the following -backslash-escaped characters is enabled. -The -E option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, -even on systems where they are interpreted by default. -The xpg_echo shell option may be used to -dynamically determine whether or not echo expands these -escape characters by default. -echo does not interpret -- to mean the end of options. - -

echo interprets the following escape sequences: -

\a: alert (bell) -
\b: backspace -
\c: suppress trailing newline -
\e: escape -
\f: form feed -
\n: new line -
\r: carriage return -
\t: horizontal tab -
\v: vertical tab -
\\: backslash -
\0nnn: the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn -(zero to three octal digits) -
\xHH: the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH -(one or two hex digits) -

- -

enable

          enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]
-

Enable and disable builtin shell commands. -Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name -as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname, -even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. -If -n is used, the names become disabled. Otherwise -names are enabled. For example, to use the test binary -found via $PATH instead of the shell builtin version, type -`enable -n test'. - -

If the -p option is supplied, or no name arguments appear, -a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other arguments, the list -consists of all enabled shell builtins. -The -a option means to list -each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled. - -

The -f option means to load the new builtin command name -from shared object filename, on systems that support dynamic loading. -The -d option will delete a builtin loaded with -f. - -

If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed. -The -s option restricts enable to the posix special -builtins. If -s is used with -f, the new builtin becomes -a special builtin (see Special Builtins). - -

The return status is zero unless a name is not a shell builtin -or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. - -

help

          help [-s] [pattern]
-

Display helpful information about builtin commands. -If pattern is specified, help gives detailed help -on all commands matching pattern, otherwise a list of -the builtins is printed. -The -s option restricts the information displayed to a short -usage synopsis. -The return status is zero unless no command matches pattern. - -

let

          let expression [expression]
-

The let builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell -variables. Each expression is evaluated according to the -rules given below in Shell Arithmetic. If the -last expression evaluates to 0, let returns 1; -otherwise 0 is returned. - -

local

          local [option] name[=value] ...
-

For each argument, a local variable named name is created, -and assigned value. -The option can be any of the options accepted by declare. -local can only be used within a function; it makes the variable -name have a visible scope restricted to that function and its -children. The return status is zero unless local is used outside -a function, an invalid name is supplied, or name is a -readonly variable. - -

logout

          logout [n]
-

Exit a login shell, returning a status of n to the shell's -parent. - -

printf

          printf [-v var] format [arguments]
-

Write the formatted arguments to the standard output under the -control of the format. -The format is a character string which contains three types of objects: -plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character -escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and -format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive -argument. -In addition to the standard printf(1) formats, `%b' causes -printf to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding -argument, -(except that `\c' terminates output, backslashes in -`\'', `\"', and `\?' are not removed, and octal escapes -beginning with `\0' may contain up to four digits), -and `%q' causes printf to output the -corresponding argument in a format that can be reused as shell input. - -

The -v option causes the output to be assigned to the variable -var rather than being printed to the standard output. - -

The format is reused as necessary to consume all of the arguments. -If the format requires more arguments than are supplied, the -extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as -appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, -non-zero on failure. - -

read

          read [-ers] [-a aname] [-d delim] [-n nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]
-

One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor -fd supplied as an argument to the -u option, and the first word -is assigned to the first name, the second word to the second name, -and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned -to the last name. -If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, -the remaining names are assigned empty values. -The characters in the value of the IFS variable -are used to split the line into words. -The backslash character `\' may be used to remove any special -meaning for the next character read and for line continuation. -If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the -variable REPLY. -The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read -times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --u. -Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - -

-a aname: The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable -aname, starting at 0. -All elements are removed from aname before the assignment. -Other name arguments are ignored. - -
-d delim: The first character of delim is used to terminate the input line, -rather than newline. - -
-e: Readline (see Command Line Editing) is used to obtain the line. - -
-n nchars: read returns after reading nchars characters rather than -waiting for a complete line of input. - -
-p prompt: Display prompt, without a trailing newline, before attempting -to read any input. -The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. - -
-r: If this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character. -The backslash is considered to be part of the line. -In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line -continuation. - -
-s: Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are -not echoed. - -
-t timeout: Cause read to time out and return failure if a complete line of -input is not read within timeout seconds. -This option has no effect if read is not reading input from the -terminal or a pipe. - -
-u fd: Read input from file descriptor fd. - -

- -

source

          source filename
-

A synonym for . (see Bourne Shell Builtins). - -

type

          type [-afptP] [name ...]
-

For each name, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a -command name. - -

If the -t option is used, type prints a single word -which is one of `alias', `function', `builtin', -`file' or `keyword', -if name is an alias, shell function, shell builtin, -disk file, or shell reserved word, respectively. -If the name is not found, then nothing is printed, and -type returns a failure status. - -

If the -p option is used, type either returns the name -of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if -t -would not return `file'. - -

The -P option forces a path search for each name, even if --t would not return `file'. - -

If a command is hashed, -p and -P print the hashed value, -not necessarily the file that appears first in $PATH. - -

If the -a option is used, type returns all of the places -that contain an executable named file. -This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -p option -is not also used. - -

If the -f option is used, type does not attempt to find -shell functions, as with the command builtin. - -

The return status is zero if any of the names are found, non-zero -if none are found. - -

typeset

          typeset [-afFrxi] [-p] [name[=value] ...]
-

The typeset command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn -shell; however, it has been deprecated in favor of the declare -builtin command. - -

ulimit

          ulimit [-acdefilmnpqrstuvxSH] [limit]
-

ulimit provides control over the resources available to processes -started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an -option is given, it is interpreted as follows: -

-S: Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource. - -
-H: Change and report the hard limit associated with a resource. - -
-a: All current limits are reported. - -
-c: The maximum size of core files created. - -
-d: The maximum size of a process's data segment. - -
-e: The maximum scheduling priority ("nice"). - -
-f: The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children. - -
-i: The maximum number of pending signals. - -
-l: The maximum size that may be locked into memory. - -
-m: The maximum resident set size. - -
-n: The maximum number of open file descriptors. - -
-p: The pipe buffer size. - -
-q: The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues. - -
-r: The maximum real-time scheduling priority. - -
-s: The maximum stack size. - -
-t: The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds. - -
-u: The maximum number of processes available to a single user. - -
-v: The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process. - -
-x: The maximum number of file locks. - -

- -

If limit is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; -the special limit values hard, soft, and -unlimited stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit, -and no limit, respectively. -Otherwise, the current value of the soft limit for the specified resource -is printed, unless the -H option is supplied. -When setting new limits, if neither -H nor -S is supplied, -both the hard and soft limits are set. -If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte -increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, -which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and -n and -u, which -are unscaled values. - -

The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, -or an error occurs while setting a new limit. - -

unalias

          unalias [-a] [name ... ]
-

Remove each name from the list of aliases. If -a is -supplied, all aliases are removed. -Aliases are described in Aliases. - -

- -

- -Next: Special Builtins, -Previous: Bash Builtins, -Up: Shell Builtin Commands - -

- -

4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior

- - - -

- -Next: The Shopt Builtin, -Up: Modifying Shell Behavior - -

- -

4.3.1 The Set Builtin

- -

This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. set -allows you to change the values of shell options and set the positional -parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables. - -

set

          set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o option] [argument ...]
-          set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o option] [argument ...]
-

If no options or arguments are supplied, set displays the names -and values of all shell variables and functions, sorted according to the -current locale, in a format that may be reused as input -for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. -Read-only variables cannot be reset. -In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. - -

When options are supplied, they set or unset shell attributes. -Options, if specified, have the following meanings: - -

-a

Mark variables and function which are modified or created for export -to the environment of subsequent commands. - -

-b

Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported -immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt. - -

-e

Exit immediately if a simple command (see Simple Commands) exits -with a non-zero status, unless the command that fails is part of the -command list immediately following a while or until keyword, -part of the test in an if statement, -part of a && or || list, -any command in a pipeline but the last, -or if the command's return status is being inverted using !. -A trap on ERR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. - -

-f

Disable file name generation (globbing). - -

-h

Locate and remember (hash) commands as they are looked up for execution. -This option is enabled by default. - -

-k

All arguments in the form of assignment statements are placed -in the environment for a command, not just those that precede -the command name. - -

-m

Job control is enabled (see Job Control). - -

-n

Read commands but do not execute them; this may be used to check a -script for syntax errors. -This option is ignored by interactive shells. - -

-o option-name

-Set the option corresponding to option-name: - -

allexport: Same as -a. - -
braceexpand: Same as -B. - -
emacs: Use an emacs-style line editing interface (see Command Line Editing). - -
errexit: Same as -e. - -
errtrace: Same as -E. - -
functrace: Same as -T. - -
hashall: Same as -h. - -
histexpand: Same as -H. - -
history: Enable command history, as described in Bash History Facilities. -This option is on by default in interactive shells. - -
ignoreeof: An interactive shell will not exit upon reading EOF. - -
keyword: Same as -k. - -
monitor: Same as -m. - -
noclobber: Same as -C. - -
noexec: Same as -n. - -
noglob: Same as -f. - -
nolog: Currently ignored. - -
notify: Same as -b. - -
nounset: Same as -u. - -
onecmd: Same as -t. - -
physical: Same as -P. - -
pipefail: If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last -(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all -commands in the pipeline exit successfully. -This option is disabled by default. - -
posix: Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs -from the posix standard to match the standard -(see Bash POSIX Mode). -This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that -standard. - -
privileged: Same as -p. - -
verbose: Same as -v. - -
vi: Use a vi-style line editing interface. - -
xtrace: Same as -x. -

- -

-p

Turn on privileged mode. -In this mode, the $BASH_ENV and $ENV files are not -processed, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, -and the SHELLOPTS variable, if it appears in the environment, -is ignored. -If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the -real user (group) id, and the -p option is not supplied, these actions -are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id. -If the -p option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is -not reset. -Turning this option off causes the effective user -and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. - -

-t

Exit after reading and executing one command. - -

-u

Treat unset variables as an error when performing parameter expansion. -An error message will be written to the standard error, and a non-interactive -shell will exit. - -

-v

Print shell input lines as they are read. - -

-x

Print a trace of simple commands, for commands, case -commands, select commands, and arithmetic for commands -and their arguments or associated word lists after they are -expanded and before they are executed. The value of the PS4 -variable is expanded and the resultant value is printed before -the command and its expanded arguments. - -

-B

The shell will perform brace expansion (see Brace Expansion). -This option is on by default. - -

-C

Prevent output redirection using `>', `>&', and `<>' -from overwriting existing files. - -

-E

If set, any trap on ERR is inherited by shell functions, command -substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment. -The ERR trap is normally not inherited in such cases. - -

-H

Enable `!' style history substitution (see History Interaction). -This option is on by default for interactive shells. - -

-P

If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as -cd which change the current directory. The physical directory -is used instead. By default, Bash follows -the logical chain of directories when performing commands -which change the current directory. - -

For example, if /usr/sys is a symbolic link to /usr/local/sys -then: -

               $ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
-               /usr/sys
-               $ cd ..; pwd
-               /usr
-

If set -P is on, then: -

               $ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
-               /usr/local/sys
-               $ cd ..; pwd
-               /usr/local
-

-T

If set, any trap on DEBUG and RETURN are inherited by -shell functions, command substitutions, and commands executed -in a subshell environment. -The DEBUG and RETURN traps are normally not inherited -in such cases. - -

--

If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are -unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the -arguments, even if some of them begin with a `-'. - -

-

Signal the end of options, cause all remaining arguments -to be assigned to the positional parameters. The -x -and -v options are turned off. -If there are no arguments, the positional parameters remain unchanged. -

- -

Using `+' rather than `-' causes these options to be -turned off. The options can also be used upon invocation of the -shell. The current set of options may be found in $-. - -

The remaining N arguments are positional parameters and are -assigned, in order, to $1, $2, ... $N. -The special parameter # is set to N. - -

The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied. -

- -

- -Previous: The Set Builtin, -Up: Modifying Shell Behavior - -

- -

4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin

- -

This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. - -

shopt

          shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]
-

Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior. -With no options, or with the -p option, a list of all settable -options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set. -The -p option causes output to be displayed in a form that -may be reused as input. -Other options have the following meanings: - -

-s: Enable (set) each optname. - -
-u: Disable (unset) each optname. - -
-q: Suppresses normal output; the return status -indicates whether the optname is set or unset. -If multiple optname arguments are given with -q, -the return status is zero if all optnames are enabled; -non-zero otherwise. - -
-o: Restricts the values of -optname to be those defined for the -o option to the -set builtin (see The Set Builtin). -

- -

If either -s or -u -is used with no optname arguments, the display is limited to -those options which are set or unset, respectively. - -

Unless otherwise noted, the shopt options are disabled (off) -by default. - -

The return status when listing options is zero if all optnames -are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options, -the return status is zero unless an optname is not a valid shell -option. - -

The list of shopt options is: -

autocd

If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if -it were the argument to the cd command. -This option is only used by interactive shells. - -

cdable_vars

If this is set, an argument to the cd builtin command that -is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose -value is the directory to change to. - -

cdspell

If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a -cd command will be corrected. -The errors checked for are transposed characters, -a missing character, and a character too many. -If a correction is found, the corrected path is printed, -and the command proceeds. -This option is only used by interactive shells. - -

checkhash

If this is set, Bash checks that a command found in the hash -table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no -longer exists, a normal path search is performed. - -

checkjobs

If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before -exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes -the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an -intervening command (see Job Control). -The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. - -

checkwinsize

If set, Bash checks the window size after each command -and, if necessary, updates the values of -LINES and COLUMNS. - -

cmdhist

If set, Bash -attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line -command in the same history entry. This allows -easy re-editing of multi-line commands. - -

dotglob

If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in -the results of filename expansion. - -

execfail

If this is set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if -it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the exec -builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if exec -fails. - -

expand_aliases

If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases, -Aliases. -This option is enabled by default for interactive shells. - -

extdebug

If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: - -

The -F option to the declare builtin (see Bash Builtins) -displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function -name supplied as an argument. - -
If the command run by the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero value, the -next command is skipped and not executed. - -
If the command run by the DEBUG trap returns a value of 2, and the -shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script -executed by the . or source builtins), a call to -return is simulated. - -
BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV are updated as described in their -descriptions (see Bash Variables). - -
Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and -subshells invoked with ( command ) inherit the -DEBUG and RETURN traps. - -
Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and -subshells invoked with ( command ) inherit the -ERROR trap. -

- -

extglob

If set, the extended pattern matching features described above -(see Pattern Matching) are enabled. - -

extquote

If set, $'string' and $"string" quoting is -performed within ${parameter} expansions -enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. - -

failglob

If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion -result in an expansion error. - -

force_fignore

If set, the suffixes specified by the FIGNORE shell variable -cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if -the ignored words are the only possible completions. -See Bash Variables, for a description of FIGNORE. -This option is enabled by default. - -

gnu_errfmt

If set, shell error messages are written in the standard gnu error -message format. - -

histappend

If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value -of the HISTFILE -variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. - -

histreedit

If set, and Readline -is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a -failed history substitution. - -

histverify

If set, and Readline -is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately -passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into -the Readline editing buffer, allowing further modification. - -

hostcomplete

If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform -hostname completion when a word containing a `@' is being -completed (see Commands For Completion). This option is enabled -by default. - -

huponexit

If set, Bash will send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive -login shell exits (see Signals). - -

interactive_comments

Allow a word beginning with `#' -to cause that word and all remaining characters on that -line to be ignored in an interactive shell. -This option is enabled by default. - -

lithist

If enabled, and the cmdhist -option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with -embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. - -

login_shell

The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell -(see Invoking Bash). -The value may not be changed. - -

mailwarn

If set, and a file that Bash is checking for mail has been -accessed since the last time it was checked, the message -"The mail in mailfile has been read" is displayed. - -

no_empty_cmd_completion

If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will not attempt to search -the PATH for possible completions when completion is attempted -on an empty line. - -

nocaseglob

If set, Bash matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when -performing filename expansion. - -

nocasematch

If set, Bash matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when -performing matching while executing case or [[ -conditional commands. - -

nullglob

If set, Bash allows filename patterns which match no -files to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. - -

progcomp

If set, the programmable completion facilities -(see Programmable Completion) are enabled. -This option is enabled by default. - -

promptvars

If set, prompt strings undergo -parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic -expansion, and quote removal after being expanded -as described below (see Printing a Prompt). -This option is enabled by default. - -

restricted_shell

The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode -(see The Restricted Shell). -The value may not be changed. -This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing -the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted. - -

shift_verbose

If this is set, the shift -builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the -number of positional parameters. - -

sourcepath

If set, the source builtin uses the value of PATH -to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. -This option is enabled by default. - -

xpg_echo

If set, the echo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences -by default. - -

- -

The return status when listing options is zero if all optnames -are enabled, non-zero otherwise. -When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an -optname is not a valid shell option. - -

- -

- -Previous: Modifying Shell Behavior, -Up: Shell Builtin Commands - -

- -

4.4 Special Builtins

- -

-For historical reasons, the posix standard has classified -several builtin commands as special. -When Bash is executing in posix mode, the special builtins -differ from other builtin commands in three respects: - -

Special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup. - -
If a special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. - -
Assignment statements preceding the command stay in effect in the shell -environment after the command completes. -

- -

When Bash is not executing in posix mode, these builtins behave no -differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands. -The Bash posix mode is described in Bash POSIX Mode. - -

These are the posix special builtins: -

     break : . continue eval exec exit export readonly return set
-     shift trap unset
-

- -Next: Bash Features, -Previous: Shell Builtin Commands, -Up: Top - -

- -

5 Shell Variables

- - - -

This chapter describes the shell variables that Bash uses. -Bash automatically assigns default values to a number of variables. - -

- -Next: Bash Variables, -Up: Shell Variables - -

- -

5.1 Bourne Shell Variables

- -

Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell. -In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable. - -

CDPATH: A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for -the cd builtin command. - -
HOME: The current user's home directory; the default for the cd builtin -command. -The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion -(see Tilde Expansion). - -
IFS: A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits -words as part of expansion. - -
MAIL: If this parameter is set to a filename and the MAILPATH variable -is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in -the specified file. - -
MAILPATH: A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks -for new mail. -Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new mail -arrives in the mail file by separating the file name from the message with -a `?'. -When used in the text of the message, $_ expands to the name of -the current mail file. - -
OPTARG: The value of the last option argument processed by the getopts builtin. - -
OPTIND: The index of the last option argument processed by the getopts builtin. - -
PATH: A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for -commands. -A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PATH indicates the -current directory. -A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial -or trailing colon. - -
PS1: The primary prompt string. The default value is `\s-\v\$ '. -See Printing a Prompt, for the complete list of escape -sequences that are expanded before PS1 is displayed. - -
PS2: The secondary prompt string. The default value is `> '. - -

- -

- -Previous: Bourne Shell Variables, -Up: Shell Variables - -

- -

5.2 Bash Variables

- -

These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells -do not normally treat them specially. - -

A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters: -variables for controlling the job control facilities -(see Job Control Variables). - -

BASH

The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash. - -

BASHPID

Expands to the process id of the current Bash process. -This differs from $$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells -that do not require Bash to be re-initialized. - -

BASH_ARGC

An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each -frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of -parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed -with . or source) is at the top of the stack. When a -subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto -BASH_ARGC. -The shell sets BASH_ARGC only when in extended debugging mode -(see The Shopt Builtin -for a description of the extdebug option to the shopt -builtin). - -

BASH_ARGV

An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash -execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call -is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is -at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied -are pushed onto BASH_ARGV. -The shell sets BASH_ARGV only when in extended debugging mode -(see The Shopt Builtin -for a description of the extdebug option to the shopt -builtin). - -

BASH_COMMAND

The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the -shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, -in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. - -

BASH_ENV

If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell -script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file -to read before executing the script. See Bash Startup Files. - -

BASH_EXECUTION_STRING

The command argument to the -c invocation option. - -

BASH_LINENO

An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files -corresponding to each member of FUNCNAME. -${BASH_LINENO[$i]} is the line number in the source file where -${FUNCNAME[$i]} was called. -The corresponding source file name is ${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}. -Use LINENO to obtain the current line number. - -

BASH_REMATCH

An array variable whose members are assigned by the `=~' binary -operator to the [[ conditional command -(see Conditional Constructs). -The element with index 0 is the portion of the string -matching the entire regular expression. -The element with index n is the portion of the -string matching the nth parenthesized subexpression. -This variable is read-only. - -

BASH_SOURCE

An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding -to the elements in the FUNCNAME array variable. - -

BASH_SUBSHELL

Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned. -The initial value is 0. - -

BASH_VERSINFO

A readonly array variable (see Arrays) -whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash. -The values assigned to the array members are as follows: - -

BASH_VERSINFO[0]: The major version number (the release). - -
BASH_VERSINFO[1]: The minor version number (the version). - -
BASH_VERSINFO[2]: The patch level. - -
BASH_VERSINFO[3]: The build version. - -
BASH_VERSINFO[4]: The release status (e.g., beta1). - -
BASH_VERSINFO[5]: The value of MACHTYPE. - -

- -

BASH_VERSION

The version number of the current instance of Bash. - -

COLUMNS

Used by the select builtin command to determine the terminal width -when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a -SIGWINCH. - -

COMP_CWORD

An index into ${COMP_WORDS} of the word containing the current -cursor position. -This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion). - -

COMP_LINE

The current command line. -This variable is available only in shell functions and external -commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion). - -

COMP_POINT

The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of -the current command. -If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, -the value of this variable is equal to ${#COMP_LINE}. -This variable is available only in shell functions and external -commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion). - -

COMP_TYPE

Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted -that caused a completion function to be called: -TAB, for normal completion, -`?', for listing completions after successive tabs, -`!', for listing alternatives on partial word completion, -`@', to list completions if the word is not unmodified, -or -`%', for menu completion. -This variable is available only in shell functions and external -commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion). - -

COMP_KEY

The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current -completion function. - -

COMP_WORDBREAKS

The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word -separators when performing word completion. -If COMP_WORDBREAKS is unset, it loses its special properties, -even if it is subsequently reset. - -

COMP_WORDS

An array variable consisting of the individual -words in the current command line. -The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would -separate them. -This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion). - -

COMPREPLY

An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions -generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion -facility (see Programmable Completion). - -

DIRSTACK

An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack. -Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the -dirs builtin. -Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify -directories already in the stack, but the pushd and popd -builtins must be used to add and remove directories. -Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory. -If DIRSTACK is unset, it loses its special properties, even if -it is subsequently reset. - -

EMACS

If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell -starts with value `t', it assumes that the shell is running in an -emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. - -

EUID

The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable -is readonly. - -

FCEDIT

The editor used as a default by the -e option to the fc -builtin command. - -

FIGNORE

A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing -filename completion. -A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in -FIGNORE -is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample -value is `.o:~' - -

FUNCNAME

An array variable containing the names of all shell functions -currently in the execution call stack. -The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing -shell function. -The bottom-most element is "main". -This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. -Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect and return an error status. -If FUNCNAME is unset, it loses its special properties, even if -it is subsequently reset. - -

GLOBIGNORE

A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to -be ignored by filename expansion. -If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one -of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE, it is removed from the list -of matches. - -

GROUPS

An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current -user is a member. -Assignments to GROUPS have no effect and return an error status. -If GROUPS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is -subsequently reset. - -

histchars

Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick -substitution, and tokenization (see History Interaction). -The first character is the -history expansion character, that is, the character which signifies the -start of a history expansion, normally `!'. The second character is the -character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first -character on a line, normally `^'. The optional third character is the -character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when -found as the first character of a word, usually `#'. The history -comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the -remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell -parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. - -

HISTCMD

The history number, or index in the history list, of the current -command. If HISTCMD is unset, it loses its special properties, -even if it is subsequently reset. - -

HISTCONTROL

A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on -the history list. -If the list of values includes `ignorespace', lines which begin -with a space character are not saved in the history list. -A value of `ignoredups' causes lines which match the previous -history entry to not be saved. -A value of `ignoreboth' is shorthand for -`ignorespace' and `ignoredups'. -A value of `erasedups' causes all previous lines matching the -current line to be removed from the history list before that line -is saved. -Any value not in the above list is ignored. -If HISTCONTROL is unset, or does not include a valid value, -all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, -subject to the value of HISTIGNORE. -The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are -not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of -HISTCONTROL. - -

HISTFILE

The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The -default value is ~/.bash_history. - -

HISTFILESIZE

The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this -variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if -necessary, by removing the oldest entries, -to contain no more than that number of lines. -The history file is also truncated to this size after -writing it when an interactive shell exits. -The default value is 500. - -

HISTIGNORE

A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command -lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is -anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete -line (no implicit `*' is appended). Each pattern is tested -against the line after the checks specified by HISTCONTROL -are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching -characters, `&' matches the previous history line. `&' -may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed -before attempting a match. -The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are -not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of -HISTIGNORE. - -

HISTIGNORE subsumes the function of HISTCONTROL. A -pattern of `&' is identical to ignoredups, and a -pattern of `[ ]*' is identical to ignorespace. -Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon, -provides the functionality of ignoreboth. - -

HISTSIZE

The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list. -The default value is 500. - -

HISTTIMEFORMAT

If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string -for strftime to print the time stamp associated with each history -entry displayed by the history builtin. -If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so -they may be preserved across shell sessions. - -

HOSTFILE

Contains the name of a file in the same format as /etc/hosts that -should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. -The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell -is running; -the next time hostname completion is attempted after the -value is changed, Bash adds the contents of the new file to the -existing list. -If HOSTFILE is set, but has no value, Bash attempts to read -/etc/hosts to obtain the list of possible hostname completions. -When HOSTFILE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - -

HOSTNAME

The name of the current host. - -

HOSTTYPE

A string describing the machine Bash is running on. - -

IGNOREEOF

Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF character -as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number -of consecutive EOF characters that can be read as the -first character on an input line -before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not -have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10. -If the variable does not exist, then EOF signifies the end of -input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. - -

INPUTRC

The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default -of ~/.inputrc. - -

LANG

Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically -selected with a variable starting with LC_. - -

LC_ALL

This variable overrides the value of LANG and any other -LC_ variable specifying a locale category. - -

LC_COLLATE

This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the -results of filename expansion, and -determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes, -and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching -(see Filename Expansion). - -

LC_CTYPE

This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the -behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern -matching (see Filename Expansion). - -

LC_MESSAGES

This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted -strings preceded by a `$' (see Locale Translation). - -

LC_NUMERIC

This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. - -

LINENO

The line number in the script or shell function currently executing. - -

LINES

Used by the select builtin command to determine the column length -for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a -SIGWINCH. - -

MACHTYPE

A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash -is executing, in the standard gnu cpu-company-system format. - -

MAILCHECK

How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the -files specified in the MAILPATH or MAIL variables. -The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check -for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. -If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number -greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. - -

OLDPWD

The previous working directory as set by the cd builtin. - -

OPTERR

If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages -generated by the getopts builtin command. - -

OSTYPE

A string describing the operating system Bash is running on. - -

PIPESTATUS

An array variable (see Arrays) -containing a list of exit status values from the processes -in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may -contain only a single command). - -

POSIXLY_CORRECT

If this variable is in the environment when bash starts, the shell -enters posix mode (see Bash POSIX Mode) before reading the -startup files, as if the --posix invocation option had been supplied. -If it is set while the shell is running, bash enables posix mode, -as if the command -

          set -o posix
-

had been executed. - -

PPID

The process id of the shell's parent process. This variable -is readonly. - -

PROMPT_COMMAND

If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute -before the printing of each primary prompt ($PS1). - -

PS3

The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the -select command. If this variable is not set, the -select command prompts with `#? ' - -

PS4

The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed -when the -x option is set (see The Set Builtin). -The first character of PS4 is replicated multiple times, as -necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection. -The default is `+ '. - -

PWD

The current working directory as set by the cd builtin. - -

RANDOM

Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer -between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this -variable seeds the random number generator. - -

REPLY

The default variable for the read builtin. - -

SECONDS

This variable expands to the number of seconds since the -shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets -the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value -becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds -since the assignment. - -

SHELL

The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable. -If it is not set when the shell starts, -Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. - -

SHELLOPTS

A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in -the list is a valid argument for the -o option to the -set builtin command (see The Set Builtin). -The options appearing in SHELLOPTS are those reported -as `on' by `set -o'. -If this variable is in the environment when Bash -starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before -reading any startup files. This variable is readonly. - -

SHLVL

Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is -intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested. - -

TIMEFORMAT

The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying -how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the time -reserved word should be displayed. -The `%' character introduces an -escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or other -information. -The escape sequences and their meanings are as -follows; the braces denote optional portions. - -

%%: A literal `%'. - -
%[p][l]R: The elapsed time in seconds. - -
%[p][l]U: The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode. - -
%[p][l]S: The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. - -
%P: The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. -

- -

The optional p is a digit specifying the precision, the number of -fractional digits after a decimal point. -A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. -At most three places after the decimal point may be specified; values -of p greater than 3 are changed to 3. -If p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - -

The optional l specifies a longer format, including minutes, of -the form MMmSS.FFs. -The value of p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - -

If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value -

          $'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'
-

If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. -A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - -

TMOUT

If set to a value greater than zero, TMOUT is treated as the -default timeout for the read builtin (see Bash Builtins). -The select command (see Conditional Constructs) terminates -if input does not arrive after TMOUT seconds when input is coming -from a terminal. - -

In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as -the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary -prompt when the shell is interactive. -Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does -not arrive. - -

TMPDIR

If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which -Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use. - -

UID

The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly. - -

- -

- -Next: Job Control, -Previous: Shell Variables, -Up: Top - -

- -

6 Bash Features

- -

This section describes features unique to Bash. - -

Invoking Bash: Command line options that you can give - to Bash. -
Bash Startup Files: When and how Bash executes scripts. -
Interactive Shells: What an interactive shell is. -
Bash Conditional Expressions: Primitives used in composing expressions for - the test builtin. -
Shell Arithmetic: Arithmetic on shell variables. -
Aliases: Substituting one command for another. -
Arrays: Array Variables. -
The Directory Stack: History of visited directories. -
Printing a Prompt: Controlling the PS1 string. -
The Restricted Shell: A more controlled mode of shell execution. -
Bash POSIX Mode: Making Bash behave more closely to what - the POSIX standard specifies. -

- -

- -Next: Bash Startup Files, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.1 Invoking Bash

- -

     bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o option] [-O shopt_option] [argument ...]
-     bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o option] [-O shopt_option] -c string [argument ...]
-     bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o option] [-O shopt_option] [argument ...]
-

In addition to the single-character shell command-line options -(see The Set Builtin), there are several multi-character -options that you can use. These options must appear on the command -line before the single-character options to be recognized. - -

--debugger: Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell -starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see The Shopt Builtin -for a description of the extdebug option to the shopt -builtin) and shell function tracing -(see The Set Builtin for a description of the -o functrace -option). - -
--dump-po-strings: A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by `$' -is printed on the standard output -in the gnu gettext PO (portable object) file format. -Equivalent to -D except for the output format. - -
--dump-strings: Equivalent to -D. - -
--help: Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully. - -
--init-file filename
--rcfile filename: Execute commands from filename (instead of ~/.bashrc) -in an interactive shell. - -
--login: Equivalent to -l. - -
--noediting: Do not use the gnu Readline library (see Command Line Editing) -to read command lines when the shell is interactive. - -
--noprofile: Don't load the system-wide startup file /etc/profile -or any of the personal initialization files -~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, or ~/.profile -when Bash is invoked as a login shell. - -
--norc: Don't read the ~/.bashrc initialization file in an -interactive shell. This is on by default if the shell is -invoked as sh. - -
--posix: Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs -from the posix standard to match the standard. This -is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that -standard. See Bash POSIX Mode, for a description of the Bash -posix mode. - -
--restricted: Make the shell a restricted shell (see The Restricted Shell). - -
--verbose: Equivalent to -v. Print shell input lines as they're read. - -
--version: Show version information for this instance of -Bash on the standard output and exit successfully. - -

- -

There are several single-character options that may be supplied at -invocation which are not available with the set builtin. - -

-c string: Read and execute commands from string after processing the -options, then exit. Any remaining arguments are assigned to the -positional parameters, starting with $0. - -
-i: Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are -described in Interactive Shells. - -
-l: Make this shell act as if it had been directly invoked by login. -When the shell is interactive, this is equivalent to starting a -login shell with `exec -l bash'. -When the shell is not interactive, the login shell startup files will -be executed. -`exec bash -l' or `exec bash --login' -will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell. -See Bash Startup Files, for a description of the special behavior -of a login shell. - -
-r: Make the shell a restricted shell (see The Restricted Shell). - -
-s: If this option is present, or if no arguments remain after option -processing, then commands are read from the standard input. -This option allows the positional parameters to be set -when invoking an interactive shell. - -
-D: A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by `$' -is printed on the standard output. -These are the strings that -are subject to language translation when the current locale -is not C or POSIX (see Locale Translation). -This implies the -n option; no commands will be executed. - -
[-+]O [shopt_option]: shopt_option is one of the shell options accepted by the -shopt builtin (see The Shopt Builtin). -If shopt_option is present, -O sets the value of that option; -+O unsets it. -If shopt_option is not supplied, the names and values of the shell -options accepted by shopt are printed on the standard output. -If the invocation option is +O, the output is displayed in a format -that may be reused as input. - -
--: A -- signals the end of options and disables further option -processing. -Any arguments after the -- are treated as filenames and arguments. - -

- -

A login shell is one whose first character of argument zero is -`-', or one invoked with the --login option. - -

An interactive shell is one started without non-option arguments, -unless -s is specified, -without specifying the -c option, and whose input and output are both -connected to terminals (as determined by isatty(3)), or one -started with the -i option. See Interactive Shells, for more -information. - -

If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the --c nor the -s -option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to -be the name of a file containing shell commands (see Shell Scripts). -When Bash is invoked in this fashion, $0 -is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters -are set to the remaining arguments. -Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. -Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed -in the script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0. - -

- -Next: Interactive Shells, -Previous: Invoking Bash, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.2 Bash Startup Files

- -

-This section describes how Bash executes its startup files. -If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error. -Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under -Tilde Expansion (see Tilde Expansion). - -

Interactive shells are described in Interactive Shells. - -

Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with `--login`

- -

When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a -non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and -executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. -After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, -~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads -and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. -The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to -inhibit this behavior. - -

When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from -the file ~/.bash_logout, if it exists. - -

Invoked as an interactive non-login shell

- -

When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash -reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists. -This may be inhibited by using the --norc option. -The --rcfile file option will force Bash to read and -execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc. - -

So, typically, your ~/.bash_profile contains the line -

     if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi
-

after (or before) any login-specific initializations. - -

Invoked non-interactively

- -

When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, -for example, it looks for the variable BASH_ENV in the environment, -expands its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as -the name of a file to read and execute. Bash behaves as if the -following command were executed: -

     if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
-

but the value of the PATH variable is not used to search for the -file name. - -

As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the ---login option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the -login shell startup files. - -

Invoked with name `sh`

- -

If Bash is invoked with the name sh, it tries to mimic the -startup behavior of historical versions of sh as closely as -possible, while conforming to the posix standard as well. - -

When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive -shell with the --login option, it first attempts to read -and execute commands from /etc/profile and ~/.profile, in -that order. -The --noprofile option may be used to inhibit this behavior. -When invoked as an interactive shell with the name sh, Bash -looks for the variable ENV, expands its value if it is defined, -and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute. -Since a shell invoked as sh does not attempt to read and execute -commands from any other startup files, the --rcfile option has -no effect. -A non-interactive shell invoked with the name sh does not attempt -to read any other startup files. - -

When invoked as sh, Bash enters posix mode after -the startup files are read. - -

Invoked in posix mode

- -

When Bash is started in posix mode, as with the ---posix command line option, it follows the posix standard -for startup files. -In this mode, interactive shells expand the ENV variable -and commands are read and executed from the file whose name is the -expanded value. -No other startup files are read. - -

Invoked by remote shell daemon

- -

Bash attempts to determine when it is being run by the remote shell -daemon, usually rshd. If Bash determines it is being run by -rshd, it reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that -file exists and is readable. -It will not do this if invoked as sh. -The --norc option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the ---rcfile option may be used to force another file to be read, but -rshd does not generally invoke the shell with those options or -allow them to be specified. - -

Invoked with unequal effective and real uid/gids

- -

If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the -real user (group) id, and the -p option is not supplied, no startup -files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, -the SHELLOPTS variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored, -and the effective user id is set to the real user id. -If the -p option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is -the same, but the effective user id is not reset. - -

- -Next: Bash Conditional Expressions, -Previous: Bash Startup Files, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.3 Interactive Shells

- -

- - -Next: Is this Shell Interactive?, -Up: Interactive Shells - -

- -

6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?

- -

An interactive shell -is one started without non-option arguments, unless -s is -specified, without specifying the -c option, and -whose input and error output are both -connected to terminals (as determined by isatty(3)), -or one started with the -i option. - -

An interactive shell generally reads from and writes to a user's -terminal. - -

The -s invocation option may be used to set the positional parameters -when an interactive shell is started. - -

- - -Next: Interactive Shell Behavior, -Previous: What is an Interactive Shell?, -Up: Interactive Shells - -

- -

6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?

- -

To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is -running interactively, -test the value of the `-' special parameter. -It contains i when the shell is interactive. For example: - -

     case "$-" in
-     *i*)	echo This shell is interactive ;;
-     *)	echo This shell is not interactive ;;
-     esac
-

Alternatively, startup scripts may examine the variable -PS1; it is unset in non-interactive shells, and set in -interactive shells. Thus: - -

     if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then
-             echo This shell is not interactive
-     else
-             echo This shell is interactive
-     fi
-

- -Previous: Is this Shell Interactive?, -Up: Interactive Shells - -

- -

6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior

- -

When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in -several ways. - -

Startup files are read and executed as described in Bash Startup Files. - -
Job Control (see Job Control) is enabled by default. When job -control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control -signals SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, and SIGTSTP. - -
Bash expands and displays PS1 before reading the first line -of a command, and expands and displays PS2 before reading the -second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command. - -
Bash executes the value of the PROMPT_COMMAND variable as a command -before printing the primary prompt, $PS1 -(see Bash Variables). - -
Readline (see Command Line Editing) is used to read commands from -the user's terminal. - -
Bash inspects the value of the ignoreeof option to set -o -instead of exiting immediately when it receives an EOF on its -standard input when reading a command (see The Set Builtin). - -
Command history (see Bash History Facilities) -and history expansion (see History Interaction) -are enabled by default. -Bash will save the command history to the file named by $HISTFILE -when an interactive shell exits. - -
Alias expansion (see Aliases) is performed by default. - -
In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores SIGTERM -(see Signals). - -
In the absence of any traps, SIGINT is caught and handled -((see Signals). -SIGINT will interrupt some shell builtins. - -
An interactive login shell sends a SIGHUP to all jobs on exit -if the huponexit shell option has been enabled (see Signals). - -
The -n invocation option is ignored, and `set -n' has -no effect (see The Set Builtin). - -
Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the -MAIL, MAILPATH, and MAILCHECK shell variables -(see Bash Variables). - -
Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after -`set -u' has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit -(see The Set Builtin). - -
The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by var being unset -or null in ${var:?word} expansions -(see Shell Parameter Expansion). - -
Redirection errors encountered by shell builtins will not cause the -shell to exit. - -
When running in posix mode, a special builtin returning an error -status will not cause the shell to exit (see Bash POSIX Mode). - -
A failed exec will not cause the shell to exit -(see Bourne Shell Builtins). - -
Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit. - -
Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the cd -builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the cdspell -option to the shopt builtin in The Shopt Builtin). - -
The shell will check the value of the TMOUT variable and exit -if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after -printing $PS1 (see Bash Variables). - -

- -

- -Next: Shell Arithmetic, -Previous: Interactive Shells, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions

- -

-Conditional expressions are used by the [[ compound command -and the test and [ builtin commands. - -

Expressions may be unary or binary. -Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. -There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. -If the file argument to one of the primaries is of the form -/dev/fd/N, then file descriptor N is checked. -If the file argument to one of the primaries is one of -/dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, or /dev/stderr, file -descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. - -

Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic -links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - -

-a file: True if file exists. - -
-b file: True if file exists and is a block special file. - -
-c file: True if file exists and is a character special file. - -
-d file: True if file exists and is a directory. - -
-e file: True if file exists. - -
-f file: True if file exists and is a regular file. - -
-g file: True if file exists and its set-group-id bit is set. - -
-h file: True if file exists and is a symbolic link. - -
-k file: True if file exists and its "sticky" bit is set. - -
-p file: True if file exists and is a named pipe (FIFO). - -
-r file: True if file exists and is readable. - -
-s file: True if file exists and has a size greater than zero. - -
-t fd: True if file descriptor fd is open and refers to a terminal. - -
-u file: True if file exists and its set-user-id bit is set. - -
-w file: True if file exists and is writable. - -
-x file: True if file exists and is executable. - -
-O file: True if file exists and is owned by the effective user id. - -
-G file: True if file exists and is owned by the effective group id. - -
-L file: True if file exists and is a symbolic link. - -
-S file: True if file exists and is a socket. - -
-N file: True if file exists and has been modified since it was last read. - -
file1 -nt file2: True if file1 is newer (according to modification date) -than file2, or if file1 exists and file2 does not. - -
file1 -ot file2: True if file1 is older than file2, -or if file2 exists and file1 does not. - -
file1 -ef file2: True if file1 and file2 refer to the same device and -inode numbers. - -
-o optname: True if shell option optname is enabled. -The list of options appears in the description of the -o -option to the set builtin (see The Set Builtin). - -
-z string: True if the length of string is zero. - -
-n string
string: True if the length of string is non-zero. - -
string1 == string2: True if the strings are equal. -`=' may be used in place of `==' for strict posix compliance. - -
string1 != string2: True if the strings are not equal. - -
string1 < string2: True if string1 sorts before string2 lexicographically -in the current locale. - -
string1 > string2: True if string1 sorts after string2 lexicographically -in the current locale. - -
arg1 OP arg2: OP is one of -`-eq', `-ne', `-lt', `-le', `-gt', or `-ge'. -These arithmetic binary operators return true if arg1 -is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, -greater than, or greater than or equal to arg2, -respectively. Arg1 and arg2 -may be positive or negative integers. - -

- -

- -Next: Aliases, -Previous: Bash Conditional Expressions, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.5 Shell Arithmetic

- -

-The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of -the shell expansions or by the let and the -i option -to the declare builtins. - -

Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, -though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. -The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values -are the same as in the C language. -The following list of operators is grouped into levels of -equal-precedence operators. -The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. - -

id++ id--: variable post-increment and post-decrement - -
++id --id: variable pre-increment and pre-decrement - -
- +: unary minus and plus - -
! ~: logical and bitwise negation - -
**: exponentiation - -
* / %: multiplication, division, remainder - -
+ -: addition, subtraction - -
<< >>: left and right bitwise shifts - -
<= >= < >: comparison - -
== !=: equality and inequality - -
&: bitwise AND - -
^: bitwise exclusive OR - -
|: bitwise OR - -
&&: logical AND - -
||: logical OR - -
expr ? expr : expr: conditional operator - -
= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=: assignment - -
expr1 , expr2: comma -

- -

Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is -performed before the expression is evaluated. -Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name -without using the parameter expansion syntax. -A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced -by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. -The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression -when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the -integer attribute using `declare -i' is assigned a value. -A null value evaluates to 0. -A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on -to be used in an expression. - -

Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. -A leading `0x' or `0X' denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, -numbers take the form [base#]n, where base -is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic -base, and n is a number in that base. If base# is -omitted, then base 10 is used. -The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, -the uppercase letters, `@', and `_', in that order. -If base is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase -letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 -and 35. - -

Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in -parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence -rules above. - -

- -Next: Arrays, -Previous: Shell Arithmetic, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.6 Aliases

- -

-Aliases allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used -as the first word of a simple command. -The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with -the alias and unalias builtin commands. - -

The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see -if it has an alias. -If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. -The characters `/', `$', ``', `=' and any of the -shell metacharacters or quoting characters listed above may not appear -in an alias name. -The replacement text may contain any valid -shell input, including shell metacharacters. -The first word of the replacement text is tested for -aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded -is not expanded a second time. -This means that one may alias ls to "ls -F", -for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the -replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a -space or tab character, then the next command word following the -alias is also checked for alias expansion. - -

Aliases are created and listed with the alias -command, and removed with the unalias command. - -

There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text, -as in csh. -If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used -(see Shell Functions). - -

Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, -unless the expand_aliases shell option is set using -shopt (see The Shopt Builtin). - -

The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are -somewhat confusing. Bash -always reads at least one complete line -of input before executing any -of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a -command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an -alias definition appearing on the same line as another -command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. -The commands following the alias definition -on that line are not affected by the new alias. -This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. -Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, -not when the function is executed, because a function definition -is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases -defined in a function are not available until after that -function is executed. To be safe, always put -alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use alias -in compound commands. - -

For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases. - -

- -Next: The Directory Stack, -Previous: Aliases, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.7 Arrays

- -

-Bash provides one-dimensional array variables. Any variable may be used as -an array; the declare builtin will explicitly declare an array. -There is no maximum -limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members -be indexed or assigned contiguously. Arrays are zero-based. - -

An array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using -the syntax -

     name[subscript]=value
-

The subscript -is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number -greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use -

     declare -a name
-

The syntax -

     declare -a name[subscript]
-

is also accepted; the subscript is ignored. Attributes may be -specified for an array variable using the declare and -readonly builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of -an array. - -

Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form -

     name=(value1 ... valuen)
-

where each -value is of the form [[subscript]=]string. If -the optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to; -otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned -to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. -This syntax is also accepted by the declare -builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the -name[subscript]=value syntax introduced above. - -

Any element of an array may be referenced using -${name[subscript]}. -The braces are required to avoid -conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the -subscript is `@' or `*', the word expands to all members -of the array name. These subscripts differ only when the word -appears within double quotes. -If the word is double-quoted, -${name[*]} expands to a single word with -the value of each array member separated by the first character of the -IFS variable, and ${name[@]} expands each element of -name to a separate word. When there are no array members, -${name[@]} expands to nothing. -If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of -the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original -word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last -part of the original word. -This is analogous to the -expansion of the special parameters `@' and `*'. -${#name[subscript]} expands to the length of -${name[subscript]}. -If subscript is `@' or -`*', the expansion is the number of elements in the array. -Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to -referencing element zero. - -

The unset builtin is used to destroy arrays. -unset name[subscript] -destroys the array element at index subscript. -Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename -generation. -unset name, where name is an array, removes the -entire array. A subscript of `*' or `@' also removes the -entire array. - -

The declare, local, and readonly -builtins each accept a -a -option to specify an array. The read -builtin accepts a -a -option to assign a list of words read from the standard input -to an array, and can read values from the standard input into -individual array elements. The set and declare -builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be -reused as input. - -

- -Next: Printing a Prompt, -Previous: Arrays, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.8 The Directory Stack

- -

The directory stack is a list of recently-visited directories. The -pushd builtin adds directories to the stack as it changes -the current directory, and the popd builtin removes specified -directories from the stack and changes the current directory to -the directory removed. The dirs builtin displays the contents -of the directory stack. - -

The contents of the directory stack are also visible -as the value of the DIRSTACK shell variable. - -

- -Up: The Directory Stack - -

- -

6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins

- -

dirs

          dirs [+N | -N] [-clpv]
-

Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories -are added to the list with the pushd command; the -popd command removes directories from the list. -

+N: Displays the Nth directory (counting from the left of the -list printed by dirs when invoked without options), starting -with zero. -
-N: Displays the Nth directory (counting from the right of the -list printed by dirs when invoked without options), starting -with zero. -
-c: Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements. -
-l: Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a -tilde to denote the home directory. -
-p: Causes dirs to print the directory stack with one entry per -line. -
-v: Causes dirs to print the directory stack with one entry per -line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack. -

- -

popd

          popd [+N | -N] [-n]
-

Remove the top entry from the directory stack, and cd -to the new top directory. -When no arguments are given, popd -removes the top directory from the stack and -performs a cd to the new top directory. The -elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with -dirs; i.e., popd is equivalent to popd +0. -

+N: Removes the Nth directory (counting from the left of the -list printed by dirs), starting with zero. -
-N: Removes the Nth directory (counting from the right of the -list printed by dirs), starting with zero. -
-n: Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories -from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. -

- -

pushd

          pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir ]
-

Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack -and then cd to dir. -With no arguments, pushd exchanges the top two directories. - -

-n: Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories -to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. -
+N: Brings the Nth directory (counting from the left of the -list printed by dirs, starting with zero) to the top of -the list by rotating the stack. -
-N: Brings the Nth directory (counting from the right of the -list printed by dirs, starting with zero) to the top of -the list by rotating the stack. -
dir: Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then -executes the equivalent of `cd dir'. -cds to dir. -

- -

- -Next: The Restricted Shell, -Previous: The Directory Stack, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.9 Controlling the Prompt

- -

-The value of the variable PROMPT_COMMAND is examined just before -Bash prints each primary prompt. If PROMPT_COMMAND is set and -has a non-null value, then the -value is executed just as if it had been typed on the command line. - -

In addition, the following table describes the special characters which -can appear in the prompt variables: - -

\a: A bell character. -
\d: The date, in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26"). -
\D{format}: The format is passed to strftime(3) and the result is inserted -into the prompt string; an empty format results in a locale-specific -time representation. The braces are required. -
\e: An escape character. -
\h: The hostname, up to the first `.'. -
\H: The hostname. -
\j: The number of jobs currently managed by the shell. -
\l: The basename of the shell's terminal device name. -
\n: A newline. -
\r: A carriage return. -
\s: The name of the shell, the basename of $0 (the portion -following the final slash). -
\t: The time, in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format. -
\T: The time, in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format. -
\@: The time, in 12-hour am/pm format. -
\A: The time, in 24-hour HH:MM format. -
\u: The username of the current user. -
\v: The version of Bash (e.g., 2.00) -
\V: The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0) -
\w: The current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde. -
\W: The basename of $PWD, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde. -
\!: The history number of this command. -
\#: The command number of this command. -
\$: If the effective uid is 0, #, otherwise $. -
\nnn: The character whose ASCII code is the octal value nnn. -
\\: A backslash. -
\[: Begin a sequence of non-printing characters. This could be used to -embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt. -
\]: End a sequence of non-printing characters. -

- -

The command number and the history number are usually different: -the history number of a command is its position in the history -list, which may include commands restored from the history file -(see Bash History Facilities), while the command number is -the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current -shell session. - -

After the string is decoded, it is expanded via -parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic -expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the -promptvars shell option (see Bash Builtins). - -

- -Next: Bash POSIX Mode, -Previous: Printing a Prompt, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.10 The Restricted Shell

- -

-If Bash is started with the name rbash, or the ---restricted -or --r -option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted. -A restricted shell is used to -set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. -A restricted shell behaves identically to bash -with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: - -

Changing directories with the cd builtin. -
Setting or unsetting the values of the SHELL, PATH, -ENV, or BASH_ENV variables. -
Specifying command names containing slashes. -
Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the . -builtin command. -
Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the -p -option to the hash builtin command. -
Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup. -
Parsing the value of SHELLOPTS from the shell environment at startup. -
Redirecting output using the `>', `>|', `<>', `>&', -`&>', and `>>' redirection operators. -
Using the exec builtin to replace the shell with another command. -
Adding or deleting builtin commands with the --f and -d options to the enable builtin. -
Using the enable builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins. -
Specifying the -p option to the command builtin. -
Turning off restricted mode with `set +r' or `set +o restricted'. -

- -

These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. - -

When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed -(see Shell Scripts), rbash turns off any restrictions in -the shell spawned to execute the script. - -

- -Previous: The Restricted Shell, -Up: Bash Features - -

- -

6.11 Bash POSIX Mode

- -

-Starting Bash with the --posix command-line option or executing -`set -o posix' while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more -closely to the posix standard by changing the behavior to -match that specified by posix in areas where the Bash default differs. - -

When invoked as sh, Bash enters posix mode after reading the -startup files. - -

The following list is what's changed when `posix mode' is in effect: - -

When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search -$PATH to find the new location. This is also available with -`shopt -s checkhash'. - -
The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job -exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'. - -
The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job -is stopped is `Stopped(signame)', where signame is, for -example, SIGTSTP. - -
The bg builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed -in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job -is the current or previous job. - -
Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized -do not undergo alias expansion. - -
The posix PS1 and PS2 expansions of `!' to -the history number and `!!' to `!' are enabled, -and parameter expansion is performed on the values of PS1 and -PS2 regardless of the setting of the promptvars option. - -
The posix startup files are executed ($ENV) rather than -the normal Bash files. - -
Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command -name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line. - -
The default history file is ~/.sh_history (this is the -default value of $HISTFILE). - -
The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single line, -separated by spaces, without the `SIG' prefix. - -
The kill builtin does not accept signal names with a `SIG' -prefix. - -
Non-interactive shells exit if filename in . filename -is not found. - -
Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion -results in an invalid expression. - -
Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word -in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. - -
Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the -redirection. - -
Function names must be valid shell names. That is, they may not -contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and -may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name -causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. - -
posix special builtins are found before shell functions -during command lookup. - -
If a posix special builtin returns an error status, a -non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in -the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, -redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding -the command name, and so on. - -
If CDPATH is set, the cd builtin will not implicitly -append the current directory to it. This means that cd will -fail if no valid directory name can be constructed from -any of the entries in $CDPATH, even if the a directory with -the same name as the name given as an argument to cd exists -in the current directory. - -
A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable -assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment -statements. -A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign -a value to a readonly variable. - -
A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration -variable in a for statement or the selection variable in a -select statement is a readonly variable. - -
Process substitution is not available. - -
Assignment statements preceding posix special builtins -persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - -
Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the -shell environment after the function returns, as if a posix -special builtin command had been executed. - -
The export and readonly builtin commands display their -output in the format required by posix. - -
The trap builtin displays signal names without the leading -SIG. - -
The trap builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible -signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original -disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and -is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given -signal to the original disposition, they should use `-' as the -first argument. - -
The . and source builtins do not search the current directory -for the filename argument if it is not found by searching PATH. - -
Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of -the -e option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, -Bash clears the -e option in such subshells. - -
Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. - -
When the alias builtin displays alias definitions, it does not -display them with a leading `alias ' unless the -p option -is supplied. - -
When the set builtin is invoked without options, it does not display -shell function names and definitions. - -
When the set builtin is invoked without options, it displays -variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, -even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - -
When the cd builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname -constructed from $PWD and the directory name supplied as an argument -does not refer to an existing directory, cd will fail instead of -falling back to physical mode. - -
When the pwd builtin is supplied the -P option, it resets -$PWD to a pathname containing no symlinks. - -
The pwd builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the -current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the --P option. - -
When listing the history, the fc builtin does not include an -indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - -
The default editor used by fc is ed. - -
The type and command builtins will not report a non-executable -file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a -file if it is the only so-named file found in $PATH. - -
The vi editing mode will invoke the vi editor directly when -the `v' command is run, instead of checking $FCEDIT and -$EDITOR. - -
When the xpg_echo option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret -any arguments to echo as options. Each argument is displayed, after -escape characters are converted. - -

- -

There is other posix behavior that Bash does not implement by -default even when in posix mode. -Specifically: - -

The fc builtin checks $EDITOR as a program to edit history -entries if FCEDIT is unset, rather than defaulting directly to -ed. fc uses ed if EDITOR is unset. - -
As noted above, Bash requires the xpg_echo option to be enabled for -the echo builtin to be fully conformant. - -

- -

Bash can be configured to be posix-conformant by default, by specifying -the --enable-strict-posix-default to configure when building -(see Optional Features). - -

- -Next: Using History Interactively, -Previous: Bash Features, -Up: Top - -

- -

7 Job Control

- -

This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how -Bash allows you to access its facilities. - -

- -

- -Next: Job Control Builtins, -Up: Job Control - -

- -

7.1 Job Control Basics

- -

-Job control -refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend) -the execution of processes and continue (resume) -their execution at a later point. A user typically employs -this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly -by the system's terminal driver and Bash. - -

The shell associates a job with each pipeline. It keeps a -table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the -jobs command. When Bash starts a job -asynchronously, it prints a line that looks -like: -

     [1] 25647
-

indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process id -of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is -25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of -the same job. Bash uses the job abstraction as the -basis for job control. - -

To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job -control, the operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal -process group id. Members of this process group (processes whose -process group id is equal to the current terminal process group -id) receive keyboard-generated signals such as SIGINT. -These processes are said to be in the foreground. Background -processes are those whose process group id differs from the -terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated -signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or -write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to -read from (write to) the terminal are sent a SIGTTIN -(SIGTTOU) signal by the terminal driver, which, unless -caught, suspends the process. - -

If the operating system on which Bash is running supports -job control, Bash contains facilities to use it. Typing the -suspend character (typically `^Z', Control-Z) while a -process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns -control to Bash. Typing the delayed suspend character -(typically `^Y', Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped -when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to -be returned to Bash. The user then manipulates the state of -this job, using the bg command to continue it in the -background, the fg command to continue it in the -foreground, or the kill command to kill it. A `^Z' -takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of -causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. - -

There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The -character `%' introduces a job name. - -

Job number n may be referred to as `%n'. -The symbols `%%' and `%+' refer to the shell's notion of the -current job, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground -or started in the background. -A single `%' (with no accompanying job specification) also refers -to the current job. -The previous job may be referenced using `%-'. In output -pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jobs command), -the current job is always flagged with a `+', and the -previous job with a `-'. - -

A job may also be referred to -using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring -that appears in its command line. For example, `%ce' refers -to a stopped ce job. Using `%?ce', on the -other hand, refers to any job containing the string `ce' in -its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job, -Bash reports an error. - -

Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: -`%1' is a synonym for `fg %1', bringing job 1 from the -background into the foreground. Similarly, `%1 &' resumes -job 1 in the background, equivalent to `bg %1' - -

The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. -Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt -before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt -any other output. -If the -b option to the set builtin is enabled, -Bash reports such changes immediately (see The Set Builtin). -Any trap on SIGCHLD is executed for each child process -that exits. - -

If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if -the checkjobs option is enabled – see The Shopt Builtin), the -shell prints a warning message, and if the checkjobs option is -enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. -The jobs command may then be used to inspect their status. -If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, -Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. - -

- -Next: Job Control Variables, -Previous: Job Control Basics, -Up: Job Control - -

- -

7.2 Job Control Builtins

- -

bg

          bg [jobspec ...]
-

Resume each suspended job jobspec in the background, as if it -had been started with `&'. -If jobspec is not supplied, the current job is used. -The return status is zero unless it is run when job control is not -enabled, or, when run with job control enabled, any -jobspec was not found or specifies a job -that was started without job control. - -

fg

          fg [jobspec]
-

Resume the job jobspec in the foreground and make it the current job. -If jobspec is not supplied, the current job is used. -The return status is that of the command placed into the foreground, -or non-zero if run when job control is disabled or, when run with -job control enabled, jobspec does not specify a valid job or -jobspec specifies a job that was started without job control. - -

jobs

          jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec]
-          jobs -x command [arguments]
-

The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the -following meanings: - -

-l: List process ids in addition to the normal information. - -
-n: Display information only about jobs that have changed status since -the user was last notified of their status. - -
-p: List only the process id of the job's process group leader. - -
-r: Restrict output to running jobs. - -
-s: Restrict output to stopped jobs. -

- -

If jobspec is given, -output is restricted to information about that job. -If jobspec is not supplied, the status of all jobs is -listed. - -

If the -x option is supplied, jobs replaces any -jobspec found in command or arguments with the -corresponding process group id, and executes command, -passing it arguments, returning its exit status. - -

kill

          kill [-s sigspec] [-n signum] [-sigspec] jobspec or pid
-          kill -l [exit_status]
-

Send a signal specified by sigspec or signum to the process -named by job specification jobspec or process id pid. -sigspec is either a case-insensitive signal name such as -SIGINT (with or without the SIG prefix) -or a signal number; signum is a signal number. -If sigspec and signum are not present, SIGTERM is used. -The -l option lists the signal names. -If any arguments are supplied when -l is given, the names of the -signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status -is zero. -exit_status is a number specifying a signal number or the exit -status of a process terminated by a signal. -The return status is zero if at least one signal was successfully sent, -or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. - -

wait

          wait [jobspec or pid ...]
-

Wait until the child process specified by each process id pid -or job specification jobspec exits and return the exit status of the -last command waited for. -If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are waited for. -If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are -waited for, and the return status is zero. -If neither jobspec nor pid specifies an active child process -of the shell, the return status is 127. - -

disown

          disown [-ar] [-h] [jobspec ...]
-

Without options, each jobspec is removed from the table of -active jobs. -If the -h option is given, the job is not removed from the table, -but is marked so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the shell -receives a SIGHUP. -If jobspec is not present, and neither the -a nor -r -option is supplied, the current job is used. -If no jobspec is supplied, the -a option means to remove or -mark all jobs; the -r option without a jobspec -argument restricts operation to running jobs. - -

suspend

          suspend [-f]
-

Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a -SIGCONT signal. The -f option means to suspend -even if the shell is a login shell. - -

- -

When job control is not active, the kill and wait -builtins do not accept jobspec arguments. They must be -supplied process ids. - -

- -Previous: Job Control Builtins, -Up: Job Control - -

- -

7.3 Job Control Variables

- -

auto_resume: This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and -job control. If this variable exists then single word simple -commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption -of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is -more than one job beginning with the string typed, then -the most recently accessed job will be selected. -The name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line -used to start it. If this variable is set to the value `exact', -the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; -if set to `substring', -the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a -stopped job. The `substring' value provides functionality -analogous to the `%?' job id (see Job Control Basics). -If set to any other value, the supplied string must -be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality -analogous to the `%' job id. - -

- -

- - - - - -

- -Next: Installing Bash, -Previous: Using History Interactively, -Up: Top - -

- -

8 Command Line Editing

- -

This chapter describes the basic features of the gnu -command line editing interface. -Command line editing is provided by the Readline library, which is -used by several different programs, including Bash. - -

Introduction and Notation: Notation used in this text. -
Readline Interaction: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. -
Readline Init File: Customizing Readline from a user's view. -
Bindable Readline Commands: A description of most of the Readline commands - available for binding -
Readline vi Mode: A short description of how to make Readline - behave like the vi editor. - -
Programmable Completion: How to specify the possible completions for - a specific command. -
Programmable Completion Builtins: Builtin commands to specify how to - complete arguments for a particular command. -

- -

- -Next: Readline Interaction, -Up: Command Line Editing - -

- -

8.1 Introduction to Line Editing

- -

The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent -keystrokes. - -

The text C-k is read as `Control-K' and describes the character -produced when the <k> key is pressed while the Control key -is depressed. - -

The text M-k is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character -produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <k> -key is pressed. -The Meta key is labeled <ALT> on many keyboards. -On keyboards with two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to either side of -the space bar), the <ALT> on the left side is generally set to -work as a Meta key. -The <ALT> key on the right may also be configured to work as a -Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a -Compose key for typing accented characters. - -

If you do not have a Meta or <ALT> key, or another key working as -a Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <ESC> -first, and then typing <k>. -Either process is known as metafying the <k> key. - -

The text M-C-k is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the -character produced by metafying C-k. - -

In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, -<DEL>, <ESC>, <LFD>, <SPC>, <RET>, and <TAB> all -stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file -(see Readline Init File). -If your keyboard lacks a <LFD> key, typing <C-j> will -produce the desired character. -The <RET> key may be labeled <Return> or <Enter> on -some keyboards. - -

- -Next: Readline Init File, -Previous: Introduction and Notation, -Up: Command Line Editing - -

- -

8.2 Readline Interaction

- -

-Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, -only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The -Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text -as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing -you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, -you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or -insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with -the line, you simply press <RET>. You do not have to be at the -end of the line to press <RET>; the entire line is accepted -regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. - -

- -

- -Next: Readline Movement Commands, -Up: Readline Interaction - -

- -

8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials

- -

-In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed -character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one -space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your -erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. - -

Sometimes you may mistype a character, and -not notice the error until you have typed several other characters. In -that case, you can type C-b to move the cursor to the left, and then -correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right -with C-f. - -

When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters -to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text -that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor, -characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the -blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the bare -essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. - -

C-b: Move back one character. -
C-f: Move forward one character. -
<DEL> or <Backspace>: Delete the character to the left of the cursor. -
C-d: Delete the character underneath the cursor. -
Printing characters: Insert the character into the line at the cursor. -
C-_ or C-x C-u: Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an -empty line. -

- -

(Depending on your configuration, the <Backspace> key be set to -delete the character to the left of the cursor and the <DEL> key set -to delete the character underneath the cursor, like C-d, rather -than the character to the left of the cursor.) - -

- -Next: Readline Killing Commands, -Previous: Readline Bare Essentials, -Up: Readline Interaction - -

- -

8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands

- -

The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need -in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many -other commands have been added in addition to C-b, C-f, -C-d, and <DEL>. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly -about the line. - -

C-a: Move to the start of the line. -
C-e: Move to the end of the line. -
M-f: Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and digits. -
M-b: Move backward a word. -
C-l: Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. -

- -

Notice how C-f moves forward a character, while M-f moves -forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes -operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. - -

- -Next: Readline Arguments, -Previous: Readline Movement Commands, -Up: Readline Interaction - -

- -

8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands

- -

-Killing text means to delete the text from the line, but to save -it away for later use, usually by yanking (re-inserting) -it back into the line. -(`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and `yank'.) - -

If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can -be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) -place later. - -

When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a kill-ring. -Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so -that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill -ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously -typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing -another line. - -Here is the list of commands for killing text. - -

C-k: Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. - -
M-d: Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between -words, to the end of the next word. -Word boundaries are the same as those used by M-f. - -
M-<DEL>: Kill from the cursor the start of the current word, or, if between -words, to the start of the previous word. -Word boundaries are the same as those used by M-b. - -
C-w: Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than -M-<DEL> because the word boundaries differ. - -

- -

Here is how to yank the text back into the line. Yanking -means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. - -

C-y: Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor. - -
M-y: Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if -the prior command is C-y or M-y. -

- -

- -Next: Searching, -Previous: Readline Killing Commands, -Up: Readline Interaction - -

- -

8.2.4 Readline Arguments

- -

You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the -argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the sign of the -argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a -command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will -act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the -start of the line, you might type `M-- C-k'. - -

The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta -digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus -sign (`-'), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once -you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type -the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give -the C-d command an argument of 10, you could type `M-1 0 C-d', -which will delete the next ten characters on the input line. - -

- -Previous: Readline Arguments, -Up: Readline Interaction - -

- -

8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History

- -

Readline provides commands for searching through the command history -(see Bash History Facilities) -for lines containing a specified string. -There are two search modes: incremental and non-incremental. - -

Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the -search string. -As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays -the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far. -An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to -find the desired history entry. -To search backward in the history for a particular string, type -C-r. Typing C-s searches forward through the history. -The characters present in the value of the isearch-terminators variable -are used to terminate an incremental search. -If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <ESC> and -C-J characters will terminate an incremental search. -C-g will abort an incremental search and restore the original line. -When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the -search string becomes the current line. - -

To find other matching entries in the history list, type C-r or -C-s as appropriate. -This will search backward or forward in the history for the next -entry matching the search string typed so far. -Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate -the search and execute that command. -For instance, a <RET> will terminate the search and accept -the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. -A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found -the current line, and begin editing. - -

Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two -C-rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new -search string, any remembered search string is used. - -

Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting -to search for matching history lines. The search string may be -typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. - -

- -Next: Bindable Readline Commands, -Previous: Readline Interaction, -Up: Command Line Editing - -

- -

8.3 Readline Init File

- -

-Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like -keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set -of keybindings. -Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting -commands in an inputrc file, conventionally in his home directory. -The name of this -file is taken from the value of the shell variable INPUTRC. If -that variable is unset, the default is ~/.inputrc. If that -file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate default is -/etc/inputrc. - -

When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the -init file is read, and the key bindings are set. - -

In addition, the C-x C-r command re-reads this init file, thus -incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. - -

- -

- -Next: Conditional Init Constructs, -Up: Readline Init File - -

- -

8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax

- -

There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the -Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. -Lines beginning with a `#' are comments. -Lines beginning with a `$' indicate conditional -constructs (see Conditional Init Constructs). Other lines -denote variable settings and key bindings. - -

Variable Settings

You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by -altering the values of variables in Readline -using the set command within the init file. -The syntax is simple: - -

          set variable value
-

Here, for example, is how to -change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use -vi line editing commands: - -

          set editing-mode vi
-

Variable names and values, where appropriate, are recognized without regard -to case. Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - -

Boolean variables (those that can be set to on or off) are set to on if -the value is null or empty, on (case-insensitive), or 1. Any other -value results in the variable being set to off. - -

The bind -V command lists the current Readline variable names -and values. See Bash Builtins. - -

A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following -variables. - -

bell-style: Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. -If set to `none', Readline never rings the bell. If set to -`visible', Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. -If set to `audible' (the default), Readline attempts to ring -the terminal's bell. - -
bind-tty-special-chars: If set to `on', Readline attempts to bind the control characters -treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline -equivalents. - -
comment-begin: The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the -insert-comment command is executed. The default value -is "#". - -
completion-ignore-case: If set to `on', Readline performs filename matching and completion -in a case-insensitive fashion. -The default value is `off'. - -
completion-query-items: The number of possible completions that determines when the user is -asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed. -If the number of possible completions is greater than this value, -Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view -them; otherwise, they are simply listed. -This variable must be set to an integer value greater than or equal to 0. -A negative value means Readline should never ask. -The default limit is 100. - -
convert-meta: If set to `on', Readline will convert characters with the -eighth bit set to an ascii key sequence by stripping the eighth -bit and prefixing an <ESC> character, converting them to a -meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is `on'. - -
disable-completion: If set to `On', Readline will inhibit word completion. -Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had -been mapped to self-insert. The default is `off'. - -
editing-mode: The editing-mode variable controls which default set of -key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing -mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be -set to either `emacs' or `vi'. - -
enable-keypad: When set to `on', Readline will try to enable the application -keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the -arrow keys. The default is `off'. - -
expand-tilde: If set to `on', tilde expansion is performed when Readline -attempts word completion. The default is `off'. - -
history-preserve-point: If set to `on', the history code attempts to place point at the -same location on each history line retrieved with previous-history -or next-history. The default is `off'. - -
horizontal-scroll-mode: This variable can be set to either `on' or `off'. Setting it -to `on' means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll -horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width -of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default, -this variable is set to `off'. - -
input-meta: If set to `on', Readline will enable eight-bit input (it -will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), -regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The -default value is `off'. The name meta-flag is a -synonym for this variable. - -
isearch-terminators: The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without -subsequently executing the character as a command (see Searching). -If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <ESC> and -C-J will terminate an incremental search. - -
keymap: Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. -Acceptable keymap names are -emacs, -emacs-standard, -emacs-meta, -emacs-ctlx, -vi, -vi-move, -vi-command, and -vi-insert. -vi is equivalent to vi-command; emacs is -equivalent to emacs-standard. The default value is emacs. -The value of the editing-mode variable also affects the -default keymap. - -
mark-directories: If set to `on', completed directory names have a slash -appended. The default is `on'. - -
mark-modified-lines: This variable, when set to `on', causes Readline to display an -asterisk (`*') at the start of history lines which have been modified. -This variable is `off' by default. - -
mark-symlinked-directories: If set to `on', completed names which are symbolic links -to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of -mark-directories). -The default is `off'. - -
match-hidden-files: This variable, when set to `on', causes Readline to match files whose -names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing filename -completion, unless the leading `.' is -supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. -This variable is `on' by default. - -
output-meta: If set to `on', Readline will display characters with the -eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape -sequence. The default is `off'. - -
page-completions: If set to `on', Readline uses an internal more-like pager -to display a screenful of possible completions at a time. -This variable is `on' by default. - -
print-completions-horizontally: If set to `on', Readline will display completions with matches -sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. -The default is `off'. - -
show-all-if-ambiguous: This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If -set to `on', -words which have more than one possible completion cause the -matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. -The default value is `off'. - -
show-all-if-unmodified: This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in -a fashion similar to show-all-if-ambiguous. -If set to `on', -words which have more than one possible completion without any -possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share -a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead -of ringing the bell. -The default value is `off'. - -
visible-stats: If set to `on', a character denoting a file's type -is appended to the filename when listing possible -completions. The default is `off'. - -

- -

Key Bindings

The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is -simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you -want to change. The following sections contain tables of the command -name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what -the command does. - -

Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line -in the init file the name of the key -you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the -command. -There can be no space between the key name and the colon – that will be -interpreted as part of the key name. -The name of the key can be expressed in different ways, depending on -what you find most comfortable. - -

In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound -to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a macro). - -

The bind -p command displays Readline function names and -bindings in a format that can put directly into an initialization file. -See Bash Builtins. - -

keyname: function-name or macro

keyname is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: -

               Control-u: universal-argument
-               Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
-               Control-o: "> output"
-

In the above example, C-u is bound to the function -universal-argument, -M-DEL is bound to the function backward-kill-word, and -C-o is bound to run the macro -expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text -`> output' into the line). - -

A number of symbolic character names are recognized while -processing this key binding syntax: -DEL, -ESC, -ESCAPE, -LFD, -NEWLINE, -RET, -RETURN, -RUBOUT, -SPACE, -SPC, -and -TAB. - -

"keyseq": function-name or macro

keyseq differs from keyname above in that strings -denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing -the key sequence in double quotes. Some gnu Emacs style key -escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the -special character names are not recognized. - -

               "\C-u": universal-argument
-               "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
-               "\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
-

In the above example, C-u is again bound to the function -universal-argument (just as it was in the first example), -`C-x C-r' is bound to the function re-read-init-file, -and `<ESC> <[> <1> <1> <~>' is bound to insert -the text `Function Key 1'. - -

- -

The following gnu Emacs style escape sequences are available when -specifying key sequences: - -

\C-: control prefix -
\M-: meta prefix -
\e: an escape character -
\\: backslash -
\": <">, a double quotation mark -
\': <'>, a single quote or apostrophe -

- -

In addition to the gnu Emacs style escape sequences, a second -set of backslash escapes is available: - -

\a: alert (bell) -
\b: backspace -
\d: delete -
\f: form feed -
\n: newline -
\r: carriage return -
\t: horizontal tab -
\v: vertical tab -
\nnn: the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn -(one to three digits) -
\xHH: the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH -(one or two hex digits) -

- -

When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must -be used to indicate a macro definition. -Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. -In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded. -Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, -including `"' and `''. -For example, the following binding will make `C-x \' -insert a single `\' into the line: -

          "\C-x\\": "\\"
-

- -

- -Next: Sample Init File, -Previous: Readline Init File Syntax, -Up: Readline Init File - -

- -

8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs

- -

Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional -compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key -bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result -of tests. There are four parser directives used. - -

$if

The $if construct allows bindings to be made based on the -editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using -Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; -no characters are required to isolate it. - -

mode

The mode= form of the $if directive is used to test -whether Readline is in emacs or vi mode. -This may be used in conjunction -with the `set keymap' command, for instance, to set bindings in -the emacs-standard and emacs-ctlx keymaps only if -Readline is starting out in emacs mode. - -

term

The term= form may be used to include terminal-specific -key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the -terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the -`=' is tested against both the full name of the terminal and -the portion of the terminal name before the first `-'. This -allows sun to match both sun and sun-cmd, -for instance. - -

application

The application construct is used to include -application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline -library sets the application name, and you can test for -a particular value. -This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for -a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a -key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: -

               $if Bash
-               # Quote the current or previous word
-               "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
-               $endif
-

- -

$endif

This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an -$if command. - -

$else

Commands in this branch of the $if directive are executed if -the test fails. - -

$include

This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands -and bindings from that file. -For example, the following directive reads from /etc/inputrc: -

          $include /etc/inputrc
-

- -

- -Previous: Conditional Init Constructs, -Up: Readline Init File - -

- -

8.3.3 Sample Init File

- -

Here is an example of an inputrc file. This illustrates key -binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax. - -

     
-     # This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
-     # programs that use the GNU Readline library.  Existing
-     # programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
-     #
-     # You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r.
-     # Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
-     #
-     # First, include any systemwide bindings and variable
-     # assignments from /etc/Inputrc
-     $include /etc/Inputrc
-     
-     #
-     # Set various bindings for emacs mode.
-     
-     set editing-mode emacs
-     
-     $if mode=emacs
-     
-     Meta-Control-h:	backward-kill-word	Text after the function name is ignored
-     
-     #
-     # Arrow keys in keypad mode
-     #
-     #"\M-OD":        backward-char
-     #"\M-OC":        forward-char
-     #"\M-OA":        previous-history
-     #"\M-OB":        next-history
-     #
-     # Arrow keys in ANSI mode
-     #
-     "\M-[D":        backward-char
-     "\M-[C":        forward-char
-     "\M-[A":        previous-history
-     "\M-[B":        next-history
-     #
-     # Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode
-     #
-     #"\M-\C-OD":       backward-char
-     #"\M-\C-OC":       forward-char
-     #"\M-\C-OA":       previous-history
-     #"\M-\C-OB":       next-history
-     #
-     # Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode
-     #
-     #"\M-\C-[D":       backward-char
-     #"\M-\C-[C":       forward-char
-     #"\M-\C-[A":       previous-history
-     #"\M-\C-[B":       next-history
-     
-     C-q: quoted-insert
-     
-     $endif
-     
-     # An old-style binding.  This happens to be the default.
-     TAB: complete
-     
-     # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction
-     $if Bash
-     # edit the path
-     "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f"
-     # prepare to type a quoted word --
-     # insert open and close double quotes
-     # and move to just after the open quote
-     "\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b"
-     # insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes
-     # in sequences and macros)
-     "\C-x\\": "\\"
-     # Quote the current or previous word
-     "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
-     # Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound
-     "\C-xr": redraw-current-line
-     # Edit variable on current line.
-     "\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y="
-     $endif
-     
-     # use a visible bell if one is available
-     set bell-style visible
-     
-     # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading
-     set input-meta on
-     
-     # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather
-     # than converted to prefix-meta sequences
-     set convert-meta off
-     
-     # display characters with the eighth bit set directly
-     # rather than as meta-prefixed characters
-     set output-meta on
-     
-     # if there are more than 150 possible completions for
-     # a word, ask the user if he wants to see all of them
-     set completion-query-items 150
-     
-     # For FTP
-     $if Ftp
-     "\C-xg": "get \M-?"
-     "\C-xt": "put \M-?"
-     "\M-.": yank-last-arg
-     $endif
-

- -Next: Readline vi Mode, -Previous: Readline Init File, -Up: Command Line Editing - -

- -

8.4 Bindable Readline Commands

- - - -

This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key -sequences. -You can list your key bindings by executing -bind -P or, for a more terse format, suitable for an -inputrc file, bind -p. (See Bash Builtins.) -Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default. - -

In the following descriptions, point refers to the current cursor -position, and mark refers to a cursor position saved by the -set-mark command. -The text between the point and mark is referred to as the region. - -

- -Next: Commands For History, -Up: Bindable Readline Commands - -

- -

8.4.1 Commands For Moving

- -

beginning-of-line (C-a): Move to the start of the current line. - -
end-of-line (C-e): Move to the end of the line. - -
forward-char (C-f): Move forward a character. - -
backward-char (C-b): Move back a character. - -
forward-word (M-f): Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of -letters and digits. - -
backward-word (M-b): Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are -composed of letters and digits. - -
clear-screen (C-l): Clear the screen and redraw the current line, -leaving the current line at the top of the screen. - -
redraw-current-line (): Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. - -

- -

- -Next: Commands For Text, -Previous: Commands For Moving, -Up: Bindable Readline Commands - -

- -

8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History

- -

accept-line (Newline or Return): Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. -If this line is -non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of -the HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE variables. -If this line is a modified history line, then restore the history line -to its original state. - -
previous-history (C-p): Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command. - -
next-history (C-n): Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command. - -
beginning-of-history (M-<): Move to the first line in the history. - -
end-of-history (M->): Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently -being entered. - -
reverse-search-history (C-r): Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through -the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. - -
forward-search-history (C-s): Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through -the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. - -
non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' -through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search -for a string supplied by the user. - -
non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' -through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search -for a string supplied by the user. - -
history-search-forward (): Search forward through the history for the string of characters -between the start of the current line and the point. -This is a non-incremental search. -By default, this command is unbound. - -
history-search-backward (): Search backward through the history for the string of characters -between the start of the current line and the point. This -is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. - -
yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually -the second word on the previous line) at point. -With an argument n, -insert the nth word from the previous command (the words -in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument -inserts the nth word from the end of the previous command. -Once the argument n is computed, the argument is extracted -as if the `!n' history expansion had been specified. - -
yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_): Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the -previous history entry). With an -argument, behave exactly like yank-nth-arg. -Successive calls to yank-last-arg move back through the history -list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. -The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument, -as if the `!$' history expansion had been specified. - -

- -

- -Next: Commands For Killing, -Previous: Commands For History, -Up: Bindable Readline Commands - -

- -

8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text

- -

delete-char (C-d)

Delete the character at point. If point is at the -beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and -the last character typed was not bound to delete-char, then -return eof. - -

backward-delete-char (Rubout)

Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means -to kill the characters instead of deleting them. - -

forward-backward-delete-char ()

Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the -end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is -deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. - -

quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)

Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is -how to insert key sequences like C-q, for example. - -

self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)

Insert yourself. - -

transpose-chars (C-t)

Drag the character before the cursor forward over -the character at the cursor, moving the -cursor forward as well. If the insertion point -is at the end of the line, then this -transposes the last two characters of the line. -Negative arguments have no effect. - -

transpose-words (M-t)

Drag the word before point past the word after point, -moving point past that word as well. -If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes -the last two words on the line. - -

upcase-word (M-u)

Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, -uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. - -

downcase-word (M-l)

Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, -lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. - -

capitalize-word (M-c)

Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, -capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. - -

overwrite-mode ()

Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument, -switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric -argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only -emacs mode; vi mode does overwrite differently. -Each call to readline() starts in insert mode. - -

In overwrite mode, characters bound to self-insert replace -the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right. -Characters bound to backward-delete-char replace the character -before point with a space. - -

By default, this command is unbound. - -

- -

- -Next: Numeric Arguments, -Previous: Commands For Text, -Up: Bindable Readline Commands - -

- -

8.4.4 Killing And Yanking

- -

kill-line (C-k): Kill the text from point to the end of the line. - -
backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Kill backward to the beginning of the line. - -
unix-line-discard (C-u): Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. - -
kill-whole-line (): Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. -By default, this is unbound. - -
kill-word (M-d): Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between -words, to the end of the next word. -Word boundaries are the same as forward-word. - -
backward-kill-word (M-<DEL>): Kill the word behind point. -Word boundaries are the same as backward-word. - -
unix-word-rubout (C-w): Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. -The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. - -
unix-filename-rubout (): Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character -as the word boundaries. -The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. - -
delete-horizontal-space (): Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. - -
kill-region (): Kill the text in the current region. -By default, this command is unbound. - -
copy-region-as-kill (): Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked -right away. By default, this command is unbound. - -
copy-backward-word (): Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. -The word boundaries are the same as backward-word. -By default, this command is unbound. - -
copy-forward-word (): Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. -The word boundaries are the same as forward-word. -By default, this command is unbound. - -
yank (C-y): Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. - -
yank-pop (M-y): Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if -the prior command is yank or yank-pop. -

- -

- -Next: Commands For Completion, -Previous: Commands For Killing, -Up: Bindable Readline Commands - -

- -

8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments

- -

digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new -argument. M-- starts a negative argument. - -
universal-argument (): This is another way to specify an argument. -If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a -leading minus sign, those digits define the argument. -If the command is followed by digits, executing universal-argument -again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. -As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a -character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count -for the next command is multiplied by four. -The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the -first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the -argument count sixteen, and so on. -By default, this is not bound to a key. -

- -

- -Next: Keyboard Macros, -Previous: Numeric Arguments, -Up: Bindable Readline Commands - -

- -

8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You

- -

complete (<TAB>): Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. -The actual completion performed is application-specific. -Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the -text begins with `$'), username (if the text begins with -`~'), hostname (if the text begins with `@'), or -command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none -of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. - -
possible-completions (M-?): List the possible completions of the text before point. - -
insert-completions (M-*): Insert all completions of the text before point that would have -been generated by possible-completions. - -
menu-complete (): Similar to complete, but replaces the word to be completed -with a single match from the list of possible completions. -Repeated execution of menu-complete steps through the list -of possible completions, inserting each match in turn. -At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung -(subject to the setting of bell-style) -and the original text is restored. -An argument of n moves n positions forward in the list -of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward -through the list. -This command is intended to be bound to <TAB>, but is unbound -by default. - -
delete-char-or-list (): Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or -end of the line (like delete-char). -If at the end of the line, behaves identically to -possible-completions. -This command is unbound by default. - -
complete-filename (M-/): Attempt filename completion on the text before point. - -
possible-filename-completions (C-x /): List the possible completions of the text before point, -treating it as a filename. - -
complete-username (M-~): Attempt completion on the text before point, treating -it as a username. - -
possible-username-completions (C-x ~): List the possible completions of the text before point, -treating it as a username. - -
complete-variable (M-$): Attempt completion on the text before point, treating -it as a shell variable. - -
possible-variable-completions (C-x $): List the possible completions of the text before point, -treating it as a shell variable. - -
complete-hostname (M-@): Attempt completion on the text before point, treating -it as a hostname. - -
possible-hostname-completions (C-x @): List the possible completions of the text before point, -treating it as a hostname. - -
complete-command (M-!): Attempt completion on the text before point, treating -it as a command name. Command completion attempts to -match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell -functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, -in that order. - -
possible-command-completions (C-x !): List the possible completions of the text before point, -treating it as a command name. - -
dynamic-complete-history (M-<TAB>): Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing -the text against lines from the history list for possible -completion matches. - -
complete-into-braces (M-{): Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions -enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell -(see Brace Expansion). - -

- -

- -Next: Miscellaneous Commands, -Previous: Commands For Completion, -Up: Bindable Readline Commands - -

- -

8.4.7 Keyboard Macros

- -

start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. - -
end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro -and save the definition. - -
call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters -in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. - -

- -

- -Previous: Keyboard Macros, -Up: Bindable Readline Commands - -

- -

8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands

- -

re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Read in the contents of the inputrc file, and incorporate -any bindings or variable assignments found there. - -
abort (C-g): Abort the current editing command and -ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of -bell-style). - -
do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...): If the metafied character x is lowercase, run the command -that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. - -
prefix-meta (<ESC>): Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards -without a meta key. Typing `<ESC> f' is equivalent to typing -M-f. - -
undo (C-_ or C-x C-u): Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. - -
revert-line (M-r): Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the undo -command enough times to get back to the beginning. - -
tilde-expand (M-&): Perform tilde expansion on the current word. - -
set-mark (C-@): Set the mark to the point. If a -numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. - -
exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to -the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. - -
character-search (C-]): A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that -character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences. - -
character-search-backward (M-C-]): A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence -of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent -occurrences. - -
insert-comment (M-#): Without a numeric argument, the value of the comment-begin -variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. -If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if -the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value -of comment-begin, the value is inserted, otherwise -the characters in comment-begin are deleted from the beginning of -the line. -In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed. -The default value of comment-begin causes this command -to make the current line a shell comment. -If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line -will be executed by the shell. - -
dump-functions (): Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the -Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, -the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part -of an inputrc file. This command is unbound by default. - -
dump-variables (): Print all of the settable variables and their values to the -Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, -the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part -of an inputrc file. This command is unbound by default. - -
dump-macros (): Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the -strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, -the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part -of an inputrc file. This command is unbound by default. - -
glob-complete-word (M-g): The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion, -with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to -generate a list of matching file names for possible completions. - -
glob-expand-word (C-x *): The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion, -and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word. -If a numeric argument is supplied, a `*' is appended before -pathname expansion. - -
glob-list-expansions (C-x g): The list of expansions that would have been generated by -glob-expand-word is displayed, and the line is redrawn. -If a numeric argument is supplied, a `*' is appended before -pathname expansion. - -
display-shell-version (C-x C-v): Display version information about the current instance of Bash. - -
shell-expand-line (M-C-e): Expand the line as the shell does. -This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell -word expansions (see Shell Expansions). - -
history-expand-line (M-^): Perform history expansion on the current line. - -
magic-space (): Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space -(see History Interaction). - -
alias-expand-line (): Perform alias expansion on the current line (see Aliases). - -
history-and-alias-expand-line (): Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. - -
insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_): A synonym for yank-last-arg. - -
operate-and-get-next (C-o): Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line -relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any -argument is ignored. - -
edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e): Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell -commands. -Bash attempts to invoke -$VISUAL, $EDITOR, and emacs -as the editor, in that order. - -

- -

- -Next: Programmable Completion, -Previous: Bindable Readline Commands, -Up: Command Line Editing - -

- -

8.5 Readline vi Mode

- -

While the Readline library does not have a full set of vi -editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing -of the line. The Readline vi mode behaves as specified in -the posix 1003.2 standard. - -

In order to switch interactively between emacs and vi -editing modes, use the `set -o emacs' and `set -o vi' -commands (see The Set Builtin). -The Readline default is emacs mode. - -

When you enter a line in vi mode, you are already placed in -`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an `i'. Pressing <ESC> -switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the -line with the standard vi movement keys, move to previous -history lines with `k' and subsequent lines with `j', and -so forth. - -

- -Next: Programmable Completion Builtins, -Previous: Readline vi Mode, -Up: Command Line Editing - -

- -

8.6 Programmable Completion

- -

-When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for -which a completion specification (a compspec) has been defined -using the complete builtin (see Programmable Completion Builtins), -the programmable completion facilities are invoked. - -

First, the command name is identified. -If a compspec has been defined for that command, the -compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. -If the command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full -pathname is searched for first. -If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to -find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - -

Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of -matching words. -If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion -described above (see Commands For Completion) is performed. - -

First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. -Only matches which are prefixed by the word being completed are -returned. -When the -f or -d option is used for filename or -directory name completion, the shell variable FIGNORE is -used to filter the matches. -See Bash Variables, for a description of FIGNORE. - -

Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the --G option are generated next. -The words generated by the pattern need not match the word being completed. -The GLOBIGNORE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, -but the FIGNORE shell variable is used. - -

Next, the string specified as the argument to the -W option -is considered. -The string is first split using the characters in the IFS -special variable as delimiters. -Shell quoting is honored. -Each word is then expanded using -brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, -command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, -as described above (see Shell Expansions). -The results are split using the rules described above -(see Word Splitting). -The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being -completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - -

After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command -specified with the -F and -C options is invoked. -When the command or function is invoked, the COMP_LINE, -COMP_POINT, COMP_KEY, and COMP_TYPE variables are -assigned values as described above (see Bash Variables). -If a shell function is being invoked, the COMP_WORDS and -COMP_CWORD variables are also set. -When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the -name of the command whose arguments are being completed, the -second argument is the word being completed, and the third argument -is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command line. -No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed -is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating -the matches. - -

Any function specified with -F is invoked first. -The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the -compgen builtin described below -(see Programmable Completion Builtins), to generate the matches. -It must put the possible completions in the COMPREPLY array -variable. - -

Next, any command specified with the -C option is invoked -in an environment equivalent to command substitution. -It should print a list of completions, one per line, to -the standard output. -Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - -

After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter -specified with the -X option is applied to the list. -The filter is a pattern as used for pathname expansion; a `&' -in the pattern is replaced with the text of the word being completed. -A literal `&' may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash -is removed before attempting a match. -Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. -A leading `!' negates the pattern; in this case any completion -not matching the pattern will be removed. - -

Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -P and -S -options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is -returned to the Readline completion code as the list of possible -completions. - -

If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the --o dirnames option was supplied to complete when the -compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - -

If the -o plusdirs option was supplied to complete when -the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any -matches are added to the results of the other actions. - -

By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned to -the completion code as the full set of possible completions. -The default Bash completions are not attempted, and the Readline default -of filename completion is disabled. -If the -o bashdefault option was supplied to complete when -the compspec was defined, the default Bash completions are attempted -if the compspec generates no matches. -If the -o default option was supplied to complete when the -compspec was defined, Readline's default completion will be performed -if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default Bash completions) -generate no matches. - -

When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, -the programmable completion functions force Readline to append a slash -to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to -the value of the mark-directories Readline variable, regardless -of the setting of the mark-symlinked-directories Readline variable. - -

- -Previous: Programmable Completion, -Up: Command Line Editing - -

- -

8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins

- -

-Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion -facilities. - -

compgen

          compgen [option] [word]
-

Generate possible completion matches for word according to -the options, which may be any option accepted by the -complete -builtin with the exception of -p and -r, and write -the matches to the standard output. -When using the -F or -C options, the various shell variables -set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not -have useful values. - -

The matches will be generated in the same way as if the programmable -completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification -with the same flags. -If word is specified, only those completions matching word -will be displayed. - -

The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no -matches were generated. - -

complete

          complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o comp-option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist]
-          [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat]
-          [-P prefix] [-S suffix] name [name ...]
-          complete -pr [name ...]
-

Specify how arguments to each name should be completed. -If the -p option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing -completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be -reused as input. -The -r option removes a completion specification for -each name, or, if no names are supplied, all -completion specifications. - -

The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion -is attempted is described above (see Programmable Completion). - -

Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. -The arguments to the -G, -W, and -X options -(and, if necessary, the -P and -S options) -should be quoted to protect them from expansion before the -complete builtin is invoked. - -

-o comp-option

The comp-option controls several aspects of the compspec's behavior -beyond the simple generation of completions. -comp-option may be one of: - -

bashdefault: Perform the rest of the default Bash completions if the compspec -generates no matches. - -
default: Use Readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates -no matches. - -
dirnames: Perform directory name completion if the compspec generates no matches. - -
filenames: Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any -filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names or -suppressing trailing spaces). This option is intended to be used with -shell functions specified with -F. - -
nospace: Tell Readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at -the end of the line. - -
plusdirs: After any matches defined by the compspec are generated, -directory name completion is attempted and any -matches are added to the results of the other actions. - -

- -

-A action

The action may be one of the following to generate a list of possible -completions: - -

alias: Alias names. May also be specified as -a. - -
arrayvar: Array variable names. - -
binding: Readline key binding names (see Bindable Readline Commands). - -
builtin: Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as -b. - -
command: Command names. May also be specified as -c. - -
directory: Directory names. May also be specified as -d. - -
disabled: Names of disabled shell builtins. - -
enabled: Names of enabled shell builtins. - -
export: Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as -e. - -
file: File names. May also be specified as -f. - -
function: Names of shell functions. - -
group: Group names. May also be specified as -g. - -
helptopic: Help topics as accepted by the help builtin (see Bash Builtins). - -
hostname: Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the -HOSTFILE shell variable (see Bash Variables). - -
job: Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as -j. - -
keyword: Shell reserved words. May also be specified as -k. - -
running: Names of running jobs, if job control is active. - -
service: Service names. May also be specified as -s. - -
setopt: Valid arguments for the -o option to the set builtin -(see The Set Builtin). - -
shopt: Shell option names as accepted by the shopt builtin -(see Bash Builtins). - -
signal: Signal names. - -
stopped: Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. - -
user: User names. May also be specified as -u. - -
variable: Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as -v. -

- -

-G globpat

The filename expansion pattern globpat is expanded to generate -the possible completions. - -

-W wordlist

The wordlist is split using the characters in the -IFS special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word -is expanded. -The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which -match the word being completed. - -

-C command

command is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is -used as the possible completions. - -

-F function

The shell function function is executed in the current shell -environment. -When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value -of the COMPREPLY array variable. - -

-X filterpat

filterpat is a pattern as used for filename expansion. -It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the -preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching -filterpat is removed from the list. -A leading `!' in filterpat negates the pattern; in this -case, any completion not matching filterpat is removed. - -

-P prefix

prefix is added at the beginning of each possible completion -after all other options have been applied. - -

-S suffix

suffix is appended to each possible completion -after all other options have been applied. -

- -

The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option -other than -p or -r is supplied without a name -argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for -a name for which no specification exists, or -an error occurs adding a completion specification. - -

- - -

- -Next: Command Line Editing, -Previous: Job Control, -Up: Top - -

- -

9 Using History Interactively

- -

This chapter describes how to use the gnu History Library -interactively, from a user's standpoint. -It should be considered a user's guide. -For information on using the gnu History Library in other programs, -see the gnu Readline Library Manual. - -

- -

- -Next: Bash History Builtins, -Up: Using History Interactively - -

- -

9.1 Bash History Facilities

- -

-When the -o history option to the set builtin -is enabled (see The Set Builtin), -the shell provides access to the command history, -the list of commands previously typed. -The value of the HISTSIZE shell variable is used as the -number of commands to save in a history list. -The text of the last $HISTSIZE -commands (default 500) is saved. -The shell stores each command in the history list prior to -parameter and variable expansion -but after history expansion is performed, subject to the -values of the shell variables -HISTIGNORE and HISTCONTROL. - -

When the shell starts up, the history is initialized from the -file named by the HISTFILE variable (default ~/.bash_history). -The file named by the value of HISTFILE is truncated, if -necessary, to contain no more than the number of lines specified by -the value of the HISTFILESIZE variable. -When an interactive shell exits, the last -$HISTSIZE lines are copied from the history list to the file -named by $HISTFILE. -If the histappend shell option is set (see Bash Builtins), -the lines are appended to the history file, -otherwise the history file is overwritten. -If HISTFILE -is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is -not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated -to contain no more than $HISTFILESIZE -lines. If HISTFILESIZE is not set, no truncation is performed. - -

If the HISTTIMEFORMAT is set, the time stamp information -associated with each history entry is written to the history file. - -

The builtin command fc may be used to list or edit and re-execute -a portion of the history list. -The history builtin may be used to display or modify the history -list and manipulate the history file. -When using command-line editing, search commands -are available in each editing mode that provide access to the -history list (see Commands For History). - -

The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history -list. The HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE -variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the -commands entered. -The cmdhist -shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each -line of a multi-line command in the same history entry, adding -semicolons where necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. -The lithist -shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines -instead of semicolons. -The shopt builtin is used to set these options. -See Bash Builtins, for a description of shopt. - -

- -Next: History Interaction, -Previous: Bash History Facilities, -Up: Using History Interactively - -

- -

9.2 Bash History Builtins

- -

-Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the -history list and history file. - -

fc

          fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last]
-          fc -s [pat=rep] [command]
-

Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from first to -last is selected from the history list. Both first and -last may be specified as a string (to locate the most recent -command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the -history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the -current command number). If last is not specified it is set to -first. If first is not specified it is set to the previous -command for editing and −16 for listing. If the -l flag is -given, the commands are listed on standard output. The -n flag -suppresses the command numbers when listing. The -r flag -reverses the order of the listing. Otherwise, the editor given by -ename is invoked on a file containing those commands. If -ename is not given, the value of the following variable expansion -is used: ${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}}. This says to use the -value of the FCEDIT variable if set, or the value of the -EDITOR variable if that is set, or vi if neither is set. -When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - -

In the second form, command is re-executed after each instance -of pat in the selected command is replaced by rep. - -

A useful alias to use with the fc command is r='fc -s', so -that typing `r cc' runs the last command beginning with cc -and typing `r' re-executes the last command (see Aliases). - -

history

          history [n]
-          history -c
-          history -d offset
-          history [-anrw] [filename]
-          history -ps arg
-

With no options, display the history list with line numbers. -Lines prefixed with a `*' have been modified. -An argument of n lists only the last n lines. -If the shell variable HISTTIMEFORMAT is set and not null, -it is used as a format string for strftime to display -the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry. -No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp -and the history line. - -

Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - -

-c: Clear the history list. This may be combined -with the other options to replace the history list completely. - -
-d offset: Delete the history entry at position offset. -offset should be specified as it appears when the history is -displayed. - -
-a: Append the new -history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the -current Bash session) to the history file. - -
-n: Append the history lines not already read from the history file -to the current history list. These are lines appended to the history -file since the beginning of the current Bash session. - -
-r: Read the current history file and append its contents to -the history list. - -
-w: Write out the current history to the history file. - -
-p: Perform history substitution on the args and display the result -on the standard output, without storing the results in the history list. - -
-s: The args are added to the end of -the history list as a single entry. - -

- -

When any of the -w, -r, -a, or -n options is -used, if filename -is given, then it is used as the history file. If not, then -the value of the HISTFILE variable is used. - -

- -

- -Previous: Bash History Builtins, -Up: Using History Interactively - -

- -

9.3 History Expansion

- -

-The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar -to the history expansion provided by csh. This section -describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information. - -

History expansions introduce words from the history list into -the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the -arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or -fix errors in previous commands quickly. - -

History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine -which line from the history list should be used during substitution. -The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the -current one. The line selected from the history is called the -event, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are -called words. Various modifiers are available to manipulate -the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion -that Bash does, so that several words -surrounded by quotes are considered one word. -History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the -history expansion character, which is `!' by default. -Only `\' and `'' may be used to escape the history expansion -character. - -

Several shell options settable with the shopt -builtin (see Bash Builtins) may be used to tailor -the behavior of history expansion. If the -histverify shell option is enabled, and Readline -is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to -the shell parser. -Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the Readline -editing buffer for further modification. -If Readline is being used, and the histreedit -shell option is enabled, a failed history expansion will be -reloaded into the Readline editing buffer for correction. -The -p option to the history builtin command -may be used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. -The -s option to the history builtin may be used to -add commands to the end of the history list without actually executing -them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. -This is most useful in conjunction with Readline. - -

The shell allows control of the various characters used by the -history expansion mechanism with the histchars variable. - -

- -

- -Next: Word Designators, -Up: History Interaction - -

- -

9.3.1 Event Designators

- -

-An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the -history list. - -

!: Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, -the end of the line, `=' or `(' (when the -extglob shell option is enabled using the shopt builtin). - -
!n: Refer to command line n. - -
!-n: Refer to the command n lines back. - -
!!: Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. - -
!string: Refer to the most recent command starting with string. - -
!?string[?]: Refer to the most recent command containing string. The trailing -`?' may be omitted if the string is followed immediately by -a newline. - -
^string1^string2^: Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing string1 -with string2. Equivalent to -!!:s/string1/string2/. - -
!#: The entire command line typed so far. - -

- -

- -Next: Modifiers, -Previous: Event Designators, -Up: History Interaction - -

- -

9.3.2 Word Designators

- -

Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. -A `:' separates the event specification from the word designator. It -may be omitted if the word designator begins with a `^', `$', -`*', `-', or `%'. Words are numbered from the beginning -of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are -inserted into the current line separated by single spaces. - -

For example, - -

!!: designates the preceding command. When you type this, the preceding -command is repeated in toto. - -
!!:$: designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be -shortened to !$. - -
!fi:2: designates the second argument of the most recent command starting with -the letters fi. -

- -

Here are the word designators: - -

0 (zero): The 0th word. For many applications, this is the command word. - -
n: The nth word. - -
^: The first argument; that is, word 1. - -
$: The last argument. - -
%: The word matched by the most recent `?string?' search. - -
x-y: A range of words; `-y' abbreviates `0-y'. - -
*: All of the words, except the 0th. This is a synonym for `1-$'. -It is not an error to use `*' if there is just one word in the event; -the empty string is returned in that case. - -
x*: Abbreviates `x-$' - -
x-: Abbreviates `x-$' like `x*', but omits the last word. - -

- -

If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the -previous command is used as the event. - -

- -Previous: Word Designators, -Up: History Interaction - -

- -

9.3.3 Modifiers

- -

After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more -of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. - -

h: Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. - -
t: Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. - -
r: Remove a trailing suffix of the form `.suffix', leaving -the basename. - -
e: Remove all but the trailing suffix. - -
p: Print the new command but do not execute it. - -
q: Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - -
x: Quote the substituted words as with `q', -but break into words at spaces, tabs, and newlines. - -
s/old/new/: Substitute new for the first occurrence of old in the -event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of `/'. -The delimiter may be quoted in old and new -with a single backslash. If `&' appears in new, -it is replaced by old. A single backslash will quote -the `&'. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last -character on the input line. - -
&: Repeat the previous substitution. - -
g
a: Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in -conjunction with `s', as in gs/old/new/, -or with `&'. - -
G: Apply the following `s' modifier once to each word in the event. - -

- -

- -Next: Reporting Bugs, -Previous: Command Line Editing, -Up: Top - -

- -

10 Installing Bash

- -

This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on -the various supported platforms. The distribution supports the -gnu operating systems, nearly every version of Unix, and several -non-Unix systems such as BeOS and Interix. -Other independent ports exist for -ms-dos, os/2, and Windows platforms. - -

Basic Installation: Installation instructions. -
Compilers and Options: How to set special options for various - systems. -
Compiling For Multiple Architectures: How to compile Bash for more - than one kind of system from - the same source tree. -
Installation Names: How to set the various paths used by the installation. -
Specifying the System Type: How to configure Bash for a particular system. -
Sharing Defaults: How to share default configuration values among GNU - programs. -
Operation Controls: Options recognized by the configuration program. -
Optional Features: How to enable and disable optional features when - building Bash. -

- -

- -Next: Compilers and Options, -Up: Installing Bash - -

- -

10.1 Basic Installation

- -

-These are installation instructions for Bash. - -

The simplest way to compile Bash is: - -

cd to the directory containing the source code and type -`./configure' to configure Bash for your system. If you're -using csh on an old version of System V, you might need to -type `sh ./configure' instead to prevent csh from trying -to execute configure itself. - -
Running configure takes some time. -While running, it prints messages telling which features it is -checking for. - -
Type `make' to compile Bash and build the bashbug bug -reporting script. - -
Optionally, type `make tests' to run the Bash test suite. - -
Type `make install' to install bash and bashbug. -This will also install the manual pages and Info file. - -

- -

The configure shell script attempts to guess correct -values for various system-dependent variables used during -compilation. It uses those values to create a Makefile in -each directory of the package (the top directory, the -builtins, doc, and support directories, -each directory under lib, and several others). It also creates a -config.h file containing system-dependent definitions. -Finally, it creates a shell script named config.status that you -can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a -file config.cache that saves the results of its tests to -speed up reconfiguring, and a file config.log containing -compiler output (useful mainly for debugging configure). -If at some point -config.cache contains results you don't want to keep, you -may remove or edit it. - -

To find out more about the options and arguments that the -configure script understands, type - -

     bash-2.04$ ./configure --help
-

at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory. - -

If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please -try to figure out how configure could check whether or not -to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to -bash-maintainers@gnu.org so they can be -considered for the next release. - -

The file configure.in is used to create configure -by a program called Autoconf. You only need -configure.in if you want to change it or regenerate -configure using a newer version of Autoconf. If -you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or -newer. - -

You can remove the program binaries and object files from the -source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the -files that configure created (so you can compile Bash for -a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. - -

- -Next: Compiling For Multiple Architectures, -Previous: Basic Installation, -Up: Installing Bash - -

- -

10.2 Compilers and Options

- -

Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking -that the configure script does not know about. You can -give configure initial values for variables by setting -them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you -can do that on the command line like this: - -

     CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure
-

On systems that have the env program, you can do it like this: - -

     env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure
-

The configuration process uses GCC to build Bash if it -is available. - -

- -Next: Installation Names, -Previous: Compilers and Options, -Up: Installing Bash - -

- -

10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures

- -

You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the -same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their -own directory. To do this, you must use a version of make that -supports the VPATH variable, such as GNU make. -cd to the -directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run -the configure script from the source directory. You may need to -supply the --srcdir=PATH argument to tell configure where the -source files are. configure automatically checks for the -source code in the directory that configure is in and in `..'. - -

If you have to use a make that does not supports the VPATH -variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a -time in the source code directory. After you have installed -Bash for one architecture, use `make distclean' before -reconfiguring for another architecture. - -

Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the -support/mkclone script to create a build tree which has -symbolic links back to each file in the source directory. Here's an -example that creates a build directory in the current directory from a -source directory /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0: - -

     bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 .
-

The mkclone script requires Bash, so you must have already built -Bash for at least one architecture before you can create build -directories for other architectures. - -

- -Next: Specifying the System Type, -Previous: Compiling For Multiple Architectures, -Up: Installing Bash - -

- -

10.4 Installation Names

- -

By default, `make install' will install into -/usr/local/bin, /usr/local/man, etc. You can -specify an installation prefix other than /usr/local by -giving configure the option --prefix=PATH, -or by specifying a value for the DESTDIR `make' -variable when running `make install'. - -

You can specify separate installation prefixes for -architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. -If you give configure the option ---exec-prefix=PATH, `make install' will use -PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. -Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix. - -

- -Next: Sharing Defaults, -Previous: Installation Names, -Up: Installing Bash - -

- -

10.5 Specifying the System Type

- -

There may be some features configure can not figure out -automatically, but need to determine by the type of host Bash -will run on. Usually configure can figure that -out, but if it prints a message saying it can not guess the host -type, give it the --host=TYPE option. `TYPE' can -either be a short name for the system type, such as `sun4', -or a canonical name with three fields: `CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM' -(e.g., `i386-unknown-freebsd4.2'). - -

See the file support/config.sub for the possible -values of each field. - -

- -Next: Operation Controls, -Previous: Specifying the System Type, -Up: Installing Bash - -

- -

10.6 Sharing Defaults

- -

If you want to set default values for configure scripts to -share, you can create a site shell script called -config.site that gives default values for variables like -CC, cache_file, and prefix. configure -looks for PREFIX/share/config.site if it exists, then -PREFIX/etc/config.site if it exists. Or, you can set the -CONFIG_SITE environment variable to the location of the site -script. A warning: the Bash configure looks for a site script, -but not all configure scripts do. - -

- -Next: Optional Features, -Previous: Sharing Defaults, -Up: Installing Bash - -

- -

10.7 Operation Controls

- -

configure recognizes the following options to control how it -operates. - -

--cache-file=file: Use and save the results of the tests in -file instead of ./config.cache. Set file to -/dev/null to disable caching, for debugging -configure. - -
--help: Print a summary of the options to configure, and exit. - -
--quiet
--silent
-q: Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. - -
--srcdir=dir: Look for the Bash source code in directory dir. Usually -configure can determine that directory automatically. - -
--version: Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the configure -script, and exit. -

- -

configure also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate -options. `configure --help' prints the complete list. - -

- -Previous: Operation Controls, -Up: Installing Bash - -

- -

10.8 Optional Features

- -

The Bash configure has a number of --enable-feature -options, where feature indicates an optional part of Bash. -There are also several --with-package options, -where package is something like `bash-malloc' or `purify'. -To turn off the default use of a package, use ---without-package. To configure Bash without a feature -that is enabled by default, use --disable-feature. - -

Here is a complete list of the --enable- and ---with- options that the Bash configure recognizes. - -

--with-afs: Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc. - -
--with-bash-malloc: Use the Bash version of -malloc in the directory lib/malloc. This is not the same -malloc that appears in gnu libc, but an older version -originally derived from the 4.2 bsd malloc. This malloc -is very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation. -This option is enabled by default. -The NOTES file contains a list of systems for -which this should be turned off, and configure disables this -option automatically for a number of systems. - -
--with-curses: Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should -be supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap -database. - -
--with-gnu-malloc: A synonym for --with-bash-malloc. - -
--with-installed-readline[=PREFIX]: Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of Readline -rather than the version in lib/readline. This works only with -Readline 5.0 and later versions. If PREFIX is yes or not -supplied, configure uses the values of the make variables -includedir and libdir, which are subdirectories of prefix -by default, to find the installed version of Readline if it is not in -the standard system include and library directories. -If PREFIX is no, Bash links with the version in -lib/readline. -If PREFIX is set to any other value, configure treats it as -a directory pathname and looks for -the installed version of Readline in subdirectories of that directory -(include files in PREFIX/include and the library in -PREFIX/lib). - -
--with-purify: Define this to use the Purify memory allocation checker from Rational -Software. - -
--enable-minimal-config: This produces a shell with minimal features, close to the historical -Bourne shell. -

- -

There are several --enable- options that alter how Bash is -compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features. - -

--enable-largefile: Enable support for large files if the operating system requires special compiler options -to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by -default, if the operating system provides large file support. - -
--enable-profiling: This builds a Bash binary that produces profiling information to be -processed by gprof each time it is executed. - -
--enable-static-link: This causes Bash to be linked statically, if gcc is being used. -This could be used to build a version to use as root's shell. -

- -

The `minimal-config' option can be used to disable all of -the following options, but it is processed first, so individual -options may be enabled using `enable-feature'. - -

All of the following options except for `disabled-builtins' and -`xpg-echo-default' are -enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the -necessary support. - -

--enable-alias: Allow alias expansion and include the alias and unalias -builtins (see Aliases). - -
--enable-arith-for-command: Include support for the alternate form of the for command -that behaves like the C language for statement -(see Looping Constructs). - -
--enable-array-variables: Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables -(see Arrays). - -
--enable-bang-history: Include support for csh-like history substitution -(see History Interaction). - -
--enable-brace-expansion: Include csh-like brace expansion -( b{a,b}c ==> bac bbc ). -See Brace Expansion, for a complete description. - -
--enable-command-timing: Include support for recognizing time as a reserved word and for -displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following time -(see Pipelines). -This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed. - -
--enable-cond-command: Include support for the [[ conditional command. -(see Conditional Constructs). - -
--enable-cond-regexp: Include support for matching POSIX regular expressions using the -`=~' binary operator in the [[ conditional command. -(see Conditional Constructs). - -
--enable-debugger: Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately). - -
--enable-directory-stack: Include support for a csh-like directory stack and the -pushd, popd, and dirs builtins -(see The Directory Stack). - -
--enable-disabled-builtins: Allow builtin commands to be invoked via `builtin xxx' -even after xxx has been disabled using `enable -n xxx'. -See Bash Builtins, for details of the builtin and -enable builtin commands. - -
--enable-dparen-arithmetic: Include support for the ((...)) command -(see Conditional Constructs). - -
--enable-extended-glob: Include support for the extended pattern matching features described -above under Pattern Matching. - -
--enable-help-builtin: Include the help builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and -variables (see Bash Builtins). - -
--enable-history: Include command history and the fc and history -builtin commands (see Bash History Facilities). - -
--enable-job-control: This enables the job control features (see Job Control), -if the operating system supports them. - -
--enable-multibyte: This enables support for multibyte characters if the operating -system provides the necessary support. - -
--enable-net-redirections: This enables the special handling of filenames of the form -/dev/tcp/host/port and -/dev/udp/host/port -when used in redirections (see Redirections). - -
--enable-process-substitution: This enables process substitution (see Process Substitution) if -the operating system provides the necessary support. - -
--enable-progcomp: Enable the programmable completion facilities -(see Programmable Completion). -If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect. - -
--enable-prompt-string-decoding: Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters -in the $PS1, $PS2, $PS3, and $PS4 prompt -strings. See Printing a Prompt, for a complete list of prompt -string escape sequences. - -
--enable-readline: Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash -version of the Readline library (see Command Line Editing). - -
--enable-restricted: Include support for a restricted shell. If this is enabled, Bash, -when called as rbash, enters a restricted mode. See -The Restricted Shell, for a description of restricted mode. - -
--enable-select: Include the select builtin, which allows the generation of simple -menus (see Conditional Constructs). - -
--enable-separate-helpfiles: Use external files for the documentation displayed by the help builtin -instead of storing the text internally. - -
--enable-single-help-strings: Store the text displayed by the help builtin as a single string for -each help topic. This aids in translating the text to different languages. -You may need to disable this if your compiler cannot handle very long string -literals. - -
--enable-strict-posix-default: Make Bash posix-conformant by default (see Bash POSIX Mode). - -
--enable-usg-echo-default: A synonym for --enable-xpg-echo-default. - -
--enable-xpg-echo-default: Make the echo builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by default, -without requiring the -e option. -This sets the default value of the xpg_echo shell option to on, -which makes the Bash echo behave more like the version specified in -the Single Unix Specification, version 3. -See Bash Builtins, for a description of the escape sequences that -echo recognizes. - -

- -

The file config-top.h contains C Preprocessor -`#define' statements for options which are not settable from -configure. -Some of these are not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if -you do. -Read the comments associated with each definition for more -information about its effect. - -

- -Next: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell, -Previous: Installing Bash, -Up: Top - -

- -

Appendix A Reporting Bugs

- -

Please report all bugs you find in Bash. -But first, you should -make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest -version of Bash. -The latest version of Bash is always available for FTP from -ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/. - -

Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the -bashbug command to submit a bug report. -If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well! -Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed -to bug-bash@gnu.org or posted to the Usenet -newsgroup gnu.bash.bug. - -

All bug reports should include: -

The version number of Bash. -
The hardware and operating system. -
The compiler used to compile Bash. -
A description of the bug behaviour. -
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used -to reproduce it. -

- -

bashbug inserts the first three items automatically into -the template it provides for filing a bug report. - -

Please send all reports concerning this manual to -chet@po.CWRU.Edu. - -

- -Next: Copying This Manual, -Previous: Reporting Bugs, -Up: Top - -

- -

Appendix B Major Differences From The Bourne Shell

- -

Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and -variable expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell. -Bash uses the posix standard as the specification of -how these features are to be implemented. There are some -differences between the traditional Bourne shell and Bash; this -section quickly details the differences of significance. A -number of these differences are explained in greater depth in -previous sections. -This section uses the version of sh included in SVR4.2 (the -last version of the historical Bourne shell) as the baseline reference. - -

Bash is posix-conformant, even where the posix specification -differs from traditional sh behavior (see Bash POSIX Mode). - -
Bash has multi-character invocation options (see Invoking Bash). - -
Bash has command-line editing (see Command Line Editing) and -the bind builtin. - -
Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism -(see Programmable Completion), and two builtin commands, -complete and compgen, to manipulate it. - -
Bash has command history (see Bash History Facilities) and the -history and fc builtins to manipulate it. -The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the -value of the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable to display it. - -
Bash implements csh-like history expansion -(see History Interaction). - -
Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see Arrays), and the -appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them. -Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays. -Bash provides a number of built-in array variables. - -
The $'...' quoting syntax, which expands ANSI-C -backslash-escaped characters in the text between the single quotes, -is supported (see ANSI-C Quoting). - -
Bash supports the $"..." quoting syntax to do -locale-specific translation of the characters between the double -quotes. The -D, --dump-strings, and --dump-po-strings -invocation options list the translatable strings found in a script -(see Locale Translation). - -
Bash implements the ! keyword to negate the return value of -a pipeline (see Pipelines). -Very useful when an if statement needs to act only if a test fails. -The Bash `-o pipefail' option to set will cause a pipeline to -return a failure status if any command fails. - -
Bash has the time reserved word and command timing (see Pipelines). -The display of the timing statistics may be controlled with the -TIMEFORMAT variable. - -
Bash implements the for (( expr1 ; expr2 ; expr3 )) -arithmetic for command, similar to the C language (see Looping Constructs). - -
Bash includes the select compound command, which allows the -generation of simple menus (see Conditional Constructs). - -
Bash includes the [[ compound command, which makes conditional -testing part of the shell grammar (see Conditional Constructs), including -optional regular expression matching. - -
Bash provides optional case-insensitive matching for the case and -[[ constructs. - -
Bash includes brace expansion (see Brace Expansion) and tilde -expansion (see Tilde Expansion). - -
Bash implements command aliases and the alias and unalias -builtins (see Aliases). - -
Bash provides shell arithmetic, the (( compound command -(see Conditional Constructs), -and arithmetic expansion (see Shell Arithmetic). - -
Variables present in the shell's initial environment are automatically -exported to child processes. The Bourne shell does not normally do -this unless the variables are explicitly marked using the export -command. - -
Bash supports the `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value -of the variable named on the left hand side. - -
Bash includes the posix pattern removal `%', `#', `%%' -and `##' expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from -variable values (see Shell Parameter Expansion). - -
The expansion ${#xx}, which returns the length of ${xx}, -is supported (see Shell Parameter Expansion). - -
The expansion ${var:offset[:length]}, -which expands to the substring of var's value of length -length, beginning at offset, is present -(see Shell Parameter Expansion). - -
The expansion -${var/[/]pattern[/replacement]}, -which matches pattern and replaces it with replacement in -the value of var, is available (see Shell Parameter Expansion). - -
The expansion ${!prefix}* expansion, which expands to -the names of all shell variables whose names begin with prefix, -is available (see Shell Parameter Expansion). - -
Bash has indirect variable expansion using ${!word} -(see Shell Parameter Expansion). - -
Bash can expand positional parameters beyond $9 using -${num}. - -
The posix $() form of command substitution -is implemented (see Command Substitution), -and preferred to the Bourne shell's `` (which -is also implemented for backwards compatibility). - -
Bash has process substitution (see Process Substitution). - -
Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about the -current user (UID, EUID, and GROUPS), the current host -(HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, and HOSTNAME), -and the instance of Bash that is running (BASH, -BASH_VERSION, and BASH_VERSINFO). See Bash Variables, -for details. - -
The IFS variable is used to split only the results of expansion, -not all words (see Word Splitting). -This closes a longstanding shell security hole. - -
Bash implements the full set of posix filename expansion operators, -including character classes, equivalence classes, and -collating symbols (see Filename Expansion). - -
Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the extglob -shell option is enabled (see Pattern Matching). - -
It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name; -sh does not separate the two name spaces. - -
Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the -local builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written -(see Bash Builtins). - -
Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even -builtins and functions (see Environment). -In sh, all variable assignments -preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the -file system. - -
Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands -to input and output redirection operators (see Redirections). - -
Bash contains the `<>' redirection operator, allowing a file to be -opened for both reading and writing, and the `&>' redirection -operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same -file (see Redirections). - -
Bash includes the `<<<' redirection operator, allowing a string to -be used as the standard input to a command. - -
Bash implements the `[n]<&word' and `[n]>&word' -redirection operators, which move one file descriptor to another. - -
Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are -used in redirection operators (see Redirections). - -
Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services -with the redirection operators (see Redirections). - -
The noclobber option is available to avoid overwriting existing -files with output redirection (see The Set Builtin). -The `>|' redirection operator may be used to override noclobber. - -
The Bash cd and pwd builtins (see Bourne Shell Builtins) -each take -L and -P options to switch between logical and -physical modes. - -
Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides -access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the -builtin and command builtins (see Bash Builtins). - -
The command builtin allows selective disabling of functions -when command lookup is performed (see Bash Builtins). - -
Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the enable -builtin (see Bash Builtins). - -
The Bash exec builtin takes additional options that allow users -to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed -command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be -(see Bourne Shell Builtins). - -
Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment -using export -f (see Shell Functions). - -
The Bash export, readonly, and declare builtins can -take a -f option to act on shell functions, a -p option to -display variables with various attributes set in a format that can be -used as shell input, a -n option to remove various variable -attributes, and `name=value' arguments to set variable attributes -and values simultaneously. - -
The Bash hash builtin allows a name to be associated with -an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by -searching the $PATH, using `hash -p' -(see Bourne Shell Builtins). - -
Bash includes a help builtin for quick reference to shell -facilities (see Bash Builtins). - -
The printf builtin is available to display formatted output -(see Bash Builtins). - -
The Bash read builtin (see Bash Builtins) -will read a line ending in `\' with -the -r option, and will use the REPLY variable as a -default if no non-option arguments are supplied. -The Bash read builtin -also accepts a prompt string with the -p option and will use -Readline to obtain the line when given the -e option. -The read builtin also has additional options to control input: -the -s option will turn off echoing of input characters as -they are read, the -t option will allow read to time out -if input does not arrive within a specified number of seconds, the --n option will allow reading only a specified number of -characters rather than a full line, and the -d option will read -until a particular character rather than newline. - -
The return builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts -executed with the . or source builtins -(see Bourne Shell Builtins). - -
Bash includes the shopt builtin, for finer control of shell -optional capabilities (see The Shopt Builtin), and allows these options -to be set and unset at shell invocation (see Invoking Bash). - -
Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the set -builtin (see The Set Builtin). - -
The `-x' (xtrace) option displays commands other than -simple commands when performing an execution trace -(see The Set Builtin). - -
The test builtin (see Bourne Shell Builtins) -is slightly different, as it implements the posix algorithm, -which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments. - -
Bash includes the caller builtin, which displays the context of -any active subroutine call (a shell function or a script executed with -the . or source builtins). This supports the bash -debugger. - -
The trap builtin (see Bourne Shell Builtins) allows a -DEBUG pseudo-signal specification, similar to EXIT. -Commands specified with a DEBUG trap are executed before every -simple command, for command, case command, -select command, every arithmetic for command, and before -the first command executes in a shell function. -The DEBUG trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the -function has been given the trace attribute or the -functrace option has been enabled using the shopt builtin. -The extdebug shell option has additional effects on the -DEBUG trap. - -
The trap builtin (see Bourne Shell Builtins) allows an -ERR pseudo-signal specification, similar to EXIT and DEBUG. -Commands specified with an ERR trap are executed after a simple -command fails, with a few exceptions. -The ERR trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the --o errtrace option to the set builtin is enabled. - -
The trap builtin (see Bourne Shell Builtins) allows a -RETURN pseudo-signal specification, similar to -EXIT and DEBUG. -Commands specified with an RETURN trap are executed before -execution resumes after a shell function or a shell script executed with -. or source returns. -The RETURN trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the -function has been given the trace attribute or the -functrace option has been enabled using the shopt builtin. - -
The Bash type builtin is more extensive and gives more information -about the names it finds (see Bash Builtins). - -
The Bash umask builtin permits a -p option to cause -the output to be displayed in the form of a umask command -that may be reused as input (see Bourne Shell Builtins). - -
Bash implements a csh-like directory stack, and provides the -pushd, popd, and dirs builtins to manipulate it -(see The Directory Stack). -Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the -DIRSTACK shell variable. - -
Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt -strings when interactive (see Printing a Prompt). - -
The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see The Restricted Shell); -the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited. - -
The disown builtin can remove a job from the internal shell -job table (see Job Control Builtins) or suppress the sending -of SIGHUP to a job when the shell exits as the result of a -SIGHUP. - -
Bash includes a number of features to support a separate debugger for -shell scripts. - -
The SVR4.2 shell has two privilege-related builtins -(mldmode and priv) not present in Bash. - -
Bash does not have the stop or newgrp builtins. - -
Bash does not use the SHACCT variable or perform shell accounting. - -
The SVR4.2 sh uses a TIMEOUT variable like Bash uses -TMOUT. - -

- -

More features unique to Bash may be found in Bash Features. - -

B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell

- -

Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from -many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance: - -

Bash does not fork a subshell when redirecting into or out of -a shell control structure such as an if or while -statement. - -
Bash does not allow unbalanced quotes. The SVR4.2 shell will silently -insert a needed closing quote at EOF under certain circumstances. -This can be the cause of some hard-to-find errors. - -
The SVR4.2 shell uses a baroque memory management scheme based on -trapping SIGSEGV. If the shell is started from a process with -SIGSEGV blocked (e.g., by using the system() C library -function call), it misbehaves badly. - -
In a questionable attempt at security, the SVR4.2 shell, -when invoked without the -p option, will alter its real -and effective uid and gid if they are less than some -magic threshold value, commonly 100. -This can lead to unexpected results. - -
The SVR4.2 shell does not allow users to trap SIGSEGV, -SIGALRM, or SIGCHLD. - -
The SVR4.2 shell does not allow the IFS, MAILCHECK, -PATH, PS1, or PS2 variables to be unset. - -
The SVR4.2 shell treats `^' as the undocumented equivalent of -`|'. - -
Bash allows multiple option arguments when it is invoked (-x -v); -the SVR4.2 shell allows only one option argument (-xv). In -fact, some versions of the shell dump core if the second argument begins -with a `-'. - -
The SVR4.2 shell exits a script if any builtin fails; Bash exits -a script only if one of the posix special builtins fails, and -only for certain failures, as enumerated in the posix standard. - -
The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as jsh -(it turns on job control). -

- -

- -Next: Builtin Index, -Previous: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell, -Up: Top - -

- -

Appendix C Copying This Manual

- - - -

- -Up: Copying This Manual - -

- -

C.1 GNU Free Documentation License

- -

Version 1.2, November 2002

- -

     Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-     59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
-     
-     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
-     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-

PREAMBLE - -
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13. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section -may not be included in the Modified Version. - -
14. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or -to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. - -
15. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. -
- -
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or -appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material -copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all -of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the -list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. -These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. - -
You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains -nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various -parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has -been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a -standard. - -
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a -passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list -of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of -Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or -through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already -includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or -by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, -you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit -permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. - -
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License -give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or -imply endorsement of any Modified Version. - -
COMBINING DOCUMENTS - -
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this -License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified -versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the -Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and -list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its -license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. - -
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and -multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single -copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but -different contents, make the title of each such section unique by -adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original -author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. -Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of -Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. - -
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” -in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled -“History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, -and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all -sections Entitled “Endorsements.” - -
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS - -
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents -released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this -License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in -the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for -verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. - -
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute -it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this -License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all -other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. - -
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS - -
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate -and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or -distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright -resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights -of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. -When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not -apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves -derivative works of the Document. - -
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these -copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of -the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on -covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the -electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. -Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole -aggregate. - -
TRANSLATION - -
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may -distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. -Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special -permission from their copyright holders, but you may include -translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the -original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a -translation of this License, and all the license notices in the -Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include -the original English version of this License and the original versions -of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between -the translation and the original version of this License or a notice -or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. - -
If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, -“Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve -its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual -title. - -
TERMINATION - -
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except -as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to -copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will -automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, -parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this -License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such -parties remain in full compliance. - -
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE - -
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions -of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new -versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may -differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See -http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. - -
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. -If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this -License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of -following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or -of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the -Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version -number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not -as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. -

- -

C.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

- -

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of -the License in the document and put the following copyright and -license notices just after the title page: - -

       Copyright (C)  year  your name.
-       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
-       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
-       A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
-       Free Documentation License''.
-

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, -replace the “with...Texts.” line with this: - -

         with the Invariant Sections being list their titles, with
-         the Front-Cover Texts being list, and with the Back-Cover Texts
-         being list.
-

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other -combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the -situation. - -

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we -recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of -free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, -to permit their use in free software. - - - - -

- -Next: Reserved Word Index, -Previous: Copying This Manual, -Up: Top - -

- -

Index of Shell Builtin Commands

- -

.: Bourne Shell Builtins
:: Bourne Shell Builtins
[: Bourne Shell Builtins
alias: Bash Builtins
bg: Job Control Builtins
bind: Bash Builtins
break: Bourne Shell Builtins
builtin: Bash Builtins
caller: Bash Builtins
cd: Bourne Shell Builtins
command: Bash Builtins
compgen: Programmable Completion Builtins
complete: Programmable Completion Builtins
continue: Bourne Shell Builtins
declare: Bash Builtins
dirs: Directory Stack Builtins
disown: Job Control Builtins
echo: Bash Builtins
enable: Bash Builtins
eval: Bourne Shell Builtins
exec: Bourne Shell Builtins
exit: Bourne Shell Builtins
export: Bourne Shell Builtins
fc: Bash History Builtins
fg: Job Control Builtins
getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins
hash: Bourne Shell Builtins
help: Bash Builtins
history: Bash History Builtins
jobs: Job Control Builtins
kill: Job Control Builtins
let: Bash Builtins
local: Bash Builtins
logout: Bash Builtins
popd: Directory Stack Builtins
printf: Bash Builtins
pushd: Directory Stack Builtins
pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins
read: Bash Builtins
readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins
return: Bourne Shell Builtins
set: The Set Builtin
shift: Bourne Shell Builtins
shopt: The Shopt Builtin
source: Bash Builtins
suspend: Job Control Builtins
test: Bourne Shell Builtins
times: Bourne Shell Builtins
trap: Bourne Shell Builtins
type: Bash Builtins
typeset: Bash Builtins
ulimit: Bash Builtins
umask: Bourne Shell Builtins
unalias: Bash Builtins
unset: Bourne Shell Builtins
wait: Job Control Builtins

- -Next: Variable Index, -Previous: Builtin Index, -Up: Top - -

- -

Index of Shell Reserved Words

- - - -

- -Next: Function Index, -Previous: Reserved Word Index, -Up: Top - -

- -

Parameter and Variable Index

- - - -

!: Special Parameters
#: Special Parameters
$: Special Parameters
*: Special Parameters
-: Special Parameters
0: Special Parameters
?: Special Parameters
@: Special Parameters
_: Special Parameters
auto_resume: Job Control Variables
BASH: Bash Variables
BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables
BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables
BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables
BASH_ENV: Bash Variables
BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables
BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables
BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables
BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables
BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables
BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables
BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables
BASHPID: Bash Variables
bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax
bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax
CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables
COLUMNS: Bash Variables
comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax
COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables
COMP_KEY: Bash Variables
COMP_LINE: Bash Variables
COMP_POINT: Bash Variables
COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables
COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables
COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables
completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax
COMPREPLY: Bash Variables
convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax
DIRSTACK: Bash Variables
disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax
editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax
EMACS: Bash Variables
enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax
EUID: Bash Variables
expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax
FCEDIT: Bash Variables
FIGNORE: Bash Variables
FUNCNAME: Bash Variables
GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables
GROUPS: Bash Variables
histchars: Bash Variables
HISTCMD: Bash Variables
HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables
HISTFILE: Bash Variables
HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables
HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables
history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax
HISTSIZE: Bash Variables
HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables
HOME: Bourne Shell Variables
horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax
HOSTFILE: Bash Variables
HOSTNAME: Bash Variables
HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables
IFS: Bourne Shell Variables
IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables
input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax
INPUTRC: Bash Variables
isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax
keymap: Readline Init File Syntax
LANG: Bash Variables
LC_ALL: Bash Variables
LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables
LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables
LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation
LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables
LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables
LINENO: Bash Variables
LINES: Bash Variables
MACHTYPE: Bash Variables
MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables
MAILCHECK: Bash Variables
MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables
mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax
mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax
match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax
meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax
OLDPWD: Bash Variables
OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables
OPTERR: Bash Variables
OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables
OSTYPE: Bash Variables
output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax
page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax
PATH: Bourne Shell Variables
PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables
POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables
PPID: Bash Variables
PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables
PS1: Bourne Shell Variables
PS2: Bourne Shell Variables
PS3: Bash Variables
PS4: Bash Variables
PWD: Bash Variables
RANDOM: Bash Variables
REPLY: Bash Variables
SECONDS: Bash Variables
SHELL: Bash Variables
SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables
SHLVL: Bash Variables
show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax
show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax
TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation
TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation
TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables
TMOUT: Bash Variables
TMPDIR: Bash Variables
UID: Bash Variables
visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax

- -Next: Concept Index, -Previous: Variable Index, -Up: Top - -

- -

Function Index

- - - -

abort (C-g): Miscellaneous Commands
accept-line (Newline or Return): Commands For History
backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving
backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text
backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing
backward-kill-word (M-<DEL>): Commands For Killing
backward-word (M-b): Commands For Moving
beginning-of-history (M-<): Commands For History
beginning-of-line (C-a): Commands For Moving
call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros
capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text
character-search (C-]): Miscellaneous Commands
character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands
clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving
complete (<TAB>): Commands For Completion
copy-backward-word (): Commands For Killing
copy-forward-word (): Commands For Killing
copy-region-as-kill (): Commands For Killing
delete-char (C-d): Commands For Text
delete-char-or-list (): Commands For Completion
delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing
digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments
do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...): Miscellaneous Commands
downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text
dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands
dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands
dump-variables (): Miscellaneous Commands
end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros
end-of-history (M->): Commands For History
end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving
exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Miscellaneous Commands
forward-backward-delete-char (): Commands For Text
forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving
forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History
forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving
history-search-backward (): Commands For History
history-search-forward (): Commands For History
insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands
insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion
kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing
kill-region (): Commands For Killing
kill-whole-line (): Commands For Killing
kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing
menu-complete (): Commands For Completion
next-history (C-n): Commands For History
non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History
non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History
overwrite-mode (): Commands For Text
possible-completions (M-?): Commands For Completion
prefix-meta (<ESC>): Miscellaneous Commands
previous-history (C-p): Commands For History
quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text
re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands
redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving
reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History
revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands
self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text
set-mark (C-@): Miscellaneous Commands
start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros
transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text
transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text
undo (C-_ or C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands
universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments
unix-filename-rubout (): Commands For Killing
unix-line-discard (C-u): Commands For Killing
unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing
upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text
yank (C-y): Commands For Killing
yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_): Commands For History
yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Commands For History
yank-pop (M-y): Commands For Killing

- -Previous: Function Index, -Up: Top - -

- -

Concept Index

- - - -

alias expansion: Aliases
arithmetic evaluation: Shell Arithmetic
arithmetic expansion: Arithmetic Expansion
arithmetic, shell: Shell Arithmetic
arrays: Arrays
background: Job Control Basics
Bash configuration: Basic Installation
Bash installation: Basic Installation
Bourne shell: Basic Shell Features
brace expansion: Brace Expansion
builtin: Definitions
command editing: Readline Bare Essentials
command execution: Command Search and Execution
command expansion: Simple Command Expansion
command history: Bash History Facilities
command search: Command Search and Execution
command substitution: Command Substitution
command timing: Pipelines
commands, compound: Compound Commands
commands, conditional: Conditional Constructs
commands, grouping: Command Grouping
commands, lists: Lists
commands, looping: Looping Constructs
commands, pipelines: Pipelines
commands, shell: Shell Commands
commands, simple: Simple Commands
comments, shell: Comments
completion builtins: Programmable Completion Builtins
configuration: Basic Installation
control operator: Definitions
directory stack: The Directory Stack
editing command lines: Readline Bare Essentials
environment: Environment
evaluation, arithmetic: Shell Arithmetic
event designators: Event Designators
execution environment: Command Execution Environment
exit status: Exit Status
exit status: Definitions
expansion: Shell Expansions
expansion, arithmetic: Arithmetic Expansion
expansion, brace: Brace Expansion
expansion, filename: Filename Expansion
expansion, parameter: Shell Parameter Expansion
expansion, pathname: Filename Expansion
expansion, tilde: Tilde Expansion
expressions, arithmetic: Shell Arithmetic
expressions, conditional: Bash Conditional Expressions
FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License
field: Definitions
filename: Definitions
filename expansion: Filename Expansion
foreground: Job Control Basics
functions, shell: Shell Functions
history builtins: Bash History Builtins
history events: Event Designators
history expansion: History Interaction
history list: Bash History Facilities
History, how to use: Programmable Completion Builtins
identifier: Definitions
initialization file, readline: Readline Init File
installation: Basic Installation
interaction, readline: Readline Interaction
interactive shell: Interactive Shells
interactive shell: Invoking Bash
internationalization: Locale Translation
job: Definitions
job control: Definitions
job control: Job Control Basics
kill ring: Readline Killing Commands
killing text: Readline Killing Commands
localization: Locale Translation
login shell: Invoking Bash
matching, pattern: Pattern Matching
metacharacter: Definitions
name: Definitions
native languages: Locale Translation
notation, readline: Readline Bare Essentials
operator, shell: Definitions
parameter expansion: Shell Parameter Expansion
parameters: Shell Parameters
parameters, positional: Positional Parameters
parameters, special: Special Parameters
pathname expansion: Filename Expansion
pattern matching: Pattern Matching
pipeline: Pipelines
POSIX: Definitions
POSIX Mode: Bash POSIX Mode
process group: Definitions
process group ID: Definitions
process substitution: Process Substitution
programmable completion: Programmable Completion
prompting: Printing a Prompt
quoting: Quoting
quoting, ANSI: ANSI-C Quoting
Readline, how to use: Job Control Variables
redirection: Redirections
reserved word: Definitions
restricted shell: The Restricted Shell
return status: Definitions
shell arithmetic: Shell Arithmetic
shell function: Shell Functions
shell script: Shell Scripts
shell variable: Shell Parameters
shell, interactive: Interactive Shells
signal: Definitions
signal handling: Signals
special builtin: Definitions
special builtin: Special Builtins
startup files: Bash Startup Files
suspending jobs: Job Control Basics
tilde expansion: Tilde Expansion
token: Definitions
translation, native languages: Locale Translation
variable, shell: Shell Parameters
variables, readline: Readline Init File Syntax
word: Definitions
word splitting: Word Splitting
yanking text: Readline Killing Commands

- diff --git a/doc/texinfo.tex.20030205 b/doc/texinfo.tex.20030205 deleted file mode 100644 index 555a07707..000000000 --- a/doc/texinfo.tex.20030205 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6688 +0,0 @@ -% texinfo.tex -- TeX macros to handle Texinfo files. -% -% Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex. -\expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi -% -\def\texinfoversion{2003-02-03.16} -% -% Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, -% 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -% -% This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or -% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as -% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at -% your option) any later version. -% -% This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be -% useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty -% of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU -% General Public License for more details. -% -% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -% along with this texinfo.tex file; see the file COPYING. If not, write -% to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, -% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. -% -% In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program. -% You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve -% what you give them. Help stamp out software-hoarding! -% -% Please try the latest version of texinfo.tex before submitting bug -% reports; you can get the latest version from: -% ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/texinfo.tex -% (and all GNU mirrors, see http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html) -% ftp://tug.org/tex/texinfo.tex -% (and all CTAN mirrors, see http://www.ctan.org), -% and /home/gd/gnu/doc/texinfo.tex on the GNU machines. -% -% The GNU Texinfo home page is http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo. -% -% The texinfo.tex in any given Texinfo distribution could well be out -% of date, so if that's what you're using, please check. -% -% Send bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org. Please include including a -% complete document in each bug report with which we can reproduce the -% problem. Patches are, of course, greatly appreciated. -% -% To process a Texinfo manual with TeX, it's most reliable to use the -% texi2dvi shell script that comes with the distribution. For a simple -% manual foo.texi, however, you can get away with this: -% tex foo.texi -% texindex foo.?? -% tex foo.texi -% tex foo.texi -% dvips foo.dvi -o # or whatever; this makes foo.ps. -% The extra TeX runs get the cross-reference information correct. -% Sometimes one run after texindex suffices, and sometimes you need more -% than two; texi2dvi does it as many times as necessary. -% -% It is possible to adapt texinfo.tex for other languages, to some -% extent. You can get the existing language-specific files from the -% full Texinfo distribution. - -\message{Loading texinfo [version \texinfoversion]:} - -% If in a .fmt file, print the version number -% and turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because -% they might have appeared in the input file name. -\everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}% - \catcode`+=\active \catcode`\_=\active} - -\message{Basics,} -\chardef\other=12 - -% We never want plain's outer \+ definition in Texinfo. -% For @tex, we can use \tabalign. -\let\+ = \relax - -% Save some parts of plain tex whose names we will redefine. -\let\ptexb=\b -\let\ptexbullet=\bullet -\let\ptexc=\c -\let\ptexcomma=\, -\let\ptexdot=\. -\let\ptexdots=\dots -\let\ptexend=\end -\let\ptexequiv=\equiv -\let\ptexexclam=\! -\let\ptexgtr=> -\let\ptexhat=^ -\let\ptexi=\i -\let\ptexlbrace=\{ -\let\ptexless=< -\let\ptexplus=+ -\let\ptexrbrace=\} -\let\ptexstar=\* -\let\ptext=\t - -% If this character appears in an error message or help string, it -% starts a new line in the output. -\newlinechar = `^^J - -% Set up fixed words for English if not already set. -\ifx\putwordAppendix\undefined \gdef\putwordAppendix{Appendix}\fi -\ifx\putwordChapter\undefined \gdef\putwordChapter{Chapter}\fi -\ifx\putwordfile\undefined \gdef\putwordfile{file}\fi -\ifx\putwordin\undefined \gdef\putwordin{in}\fi -\ifx\putwordIndexIsEmpty\undefined \gdef\putwordIndexIsEmpty{(Index is empty)}\fi -\ifx\putwordIndexNonexistent\undefined \gdef\putwordIndexNonexistent{(Index is nonexistent)}\fi -\ifx\putwordInfo\undefined \gdef\putwordInfo{Info}\fi -\ifx\putwordInstanceVariableof\undefined \gdef\putwordInstanceVariableof{Instance Variable of}\fi -\ifx\putwordMethodon\undefined \gdef\putwordMethodon{Method on}\fi -\ifx\putwordNoTitle\undefined \gdef\putwordNoTitle{No Title}\fi -\ifx\putwordof\undefined \gdef\putwordof{of}\fi -\ifx\putwordon\undefined \gdef\putwordon{on}\fi -\ifx\putwordpage\undefined \gdef\putwordpage{page}\fi -\ifx\putwordsection\undefined \gdef\putwordsection{section}\fi -\ifx\putwordSection\undefined \gdef\putwordSection{Section}\fi -\ifx\putwordsee\undefined \gdef\putwordsee{see}\fi -\ifx\putwordSee\undefined \gdef\putwordSee{See}\fi -\ifx\putwordShortTOC\undefined \gdef\putwordShortTOC{Short Contents}\fi -\ifx\putwordTOC\undefined \gdef\putwordTOC{Table of Contents}\fi -% -\ifx\putwordMJan\undefined \gdef\putwordMJan{January}\fi -\ifx\putwordMFeb\undefined \gdef\putwordMFeb{February}\fi -\ifx\putwordMMar\undefined \gdef\putwordMMar{March}\fi -\ifx\putwordMApr\undefined \gdef\putwordMApr{April}\fi -\ifx\putwordMMay\undefined \gdef\putwordMMay{May}\fi -\ifx\putwordMJun\undefined \gdef\putwordMJun{June}\fi -\ifx\putwordMJul\undefined \gdef\putwordMJul{July}\fi -\ifx\putwordMAug\undefined \gdef\putwordMAug{August}\fi -\ifx\putwordMSep\undefined \gdef\putwordMSep{September}\fi -\ifx\putwordMOct\undefined \gdef\putwordMOct{October}\fi -\ifx\putwordMNov\undefined \gdef\putwordMNov{November}\fi -\ifx\putwordMDec\undefined \gdef\putwordMDec{December}\fi -% -\ifx\putwordDefmac\undefined \gdef\putwordDefmac{Macro}\fi -\ifx\putwordDefspec\undefined \gdef\putwordDefspec{Special Form}\fi -\ifx\putwordDefvar\undefined \gdef\putwordDefvar{Variable}\fi -\ifx\putwordDefopt\undefined \gdef\putwordDefopt{User Option}\fi -\ifx\putwordDeftypevar\undefined\gdef\putwordDeftypevar{Variable}\fi -\ifx\putwordDeffunc\undefined \gdef\putwordDeffunc{Function}\fi -\ifx\putwordDeftypefun\undefined\gdef\putwordDeftypefun{Function}\fi - -% In some macros, we cannot use the `\? notation---the left quote is -% in some cases the escape char. -\chardef\colonChar = `\: -\chardef\commaChar = `\, -\chardef\dotChar = `\. -\chardef\equalChar = `\= -\chardef\exclamChar= `\! -\chardef\questChar = `\? -\chardef\semiChar = `\; -\chardef\spaceChar = `\ % -\chardef\underChar = `\_ - -% Ignore a token. -% -\def\gobble#1{} - -% True if #1 is the empty string, i.e., called like `\ifempty{}'. -% -\def\ifempty#1{\ifemptyx #1\emptymarkA\emptymarkB}% -\def\ifemptyx#1#2\emptymarkB{\ifx #1\emptymarkA}% - -% Hyphenation fixes. -\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix} -\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer mini-buf-fers} -\hyphenation{eshell} -\hyphenation{white-space} - -% Margin to add to right of even pages, to left of odd pages. -\newdimen\bindingoffset -\newdimen\normaloffset -\newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight - -% Sometimes it is convenient to have everything in the transcript file -% and nothing on the terminal. We don't just call \tracingall here, -% since that produces some useless output on the terminal. We also make -% some effort to order the tracing commands to reduce output in the log -% file; cf. trace.sty in LaTeX. -% -\def\gloggingall{\begingroup \globaldefs = 1 \loggingall \endgroup}% -\def\loggingall{% - \tracingstats2 - \tracingpages1 - \tracinglostchars2 % 2 gives us more in etex - \tracingparagraphs1 - \tracingoutput1 - \tracingmacros2 - \tracingrestores1 - \showboxbreadth\maxdimen \showboxdepth\maxdimen - \ifx\eTeXversion\undefined\else % etex gives us more logging - \tracingscantokens1 - \tracingifs1 - \tracinggroups1 - \tracingnesting2 - \tracingassigns1 - \fi - \tracingcommands3 % 3 gives us more in etex - \errorcontextlines\maxdimen -}% - -% add check for \lastpenalty to plain's definitions. If the last thing -% we did was a \nobreak, we don't want to insert more space. -% -\def\smallbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\smallskipamount - \removelastskip\penalty-50\smallskip\fi\fi} -\def\medbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount - \removelastskip\penalty-100\medskip\fi\fi} -\def\bigbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\bigskipamount - \removelastskip\penalty-200\bigskip\fi\fi} - -% For @cropmarks command. -% Do @cropmarks to get crop marks. -% -\newif\ifcropmarks -\let\cropmarks = \cropmarkstrue -% -% Dimensions to add cropmarks at corners. -% Added by P. A. MacKay, 12 Nov. 1986 -% -\newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize % set by the paper size routines -\newdimen\cornerlong \cornerlong=1pc -\newdimen\cornerthick \cornerthick=.3pt -\newdimen\topandbottommargin \topandbottommargin=.75in - -% Main output routine. -\chardef\PAGE = 255 -\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}} - -\newbox\headlinebox -\newbox\footlinebox - -% \onepageout takes a vbox as an argument. Note that \pagecontents -% does insertions, but you have to call it yourself. -\def\onepageout#1{% - \ifcropmarks \hoffset=0pt \else \hoffset=\normaloffset \fi - % - \ifodd\pageno \advance\hoffset by \bindingoffset - \else \advance\hoffset by -\bindingoffset\fi - % - % Do this outside of the \shipout so @code etc. will be expanded in - % the headline as they should be, not taken literally (outputting ''code). - \setbox\headlinebox = \vbox{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makeheadline}% - \setbox\footlinebox = \vbox{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makefootline}% - % - {% - % Have to do this stuff outside the \shipout because we want it to - % take effect in \write's, yet the group defined by the \vbox ends - % before the \shipout runs. - % - \escapechar = `\\ % use backslash in output files. - \indexdummies % don't expand commands in the output. - \normalturnoffactive % \ in index entries must not stay \, e.g., if - % the page break happens to be in the middle of an example. - \shipout\vbox{% - % Do this early so pdf references go to the beginning of the page. - \ifpdfmakepagedest \pdfmkdest{\the\pageno} \fi - % - \ifcropmarks \vbox to \outervsize\bgroup - \hsize = \outerhsize - \vskip-\topandbottommargin - \vtop to0pt{% - \line{\ewtop\hfil\ewtop}% - \nointerlineskip - \line{% - \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop}% - \hfill - \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}% - }% - \vss}% - \vskip\topandbottommargin - \line\bgroup - \hfil % center the page within the outer (page) hsize. - \ifodd\pageno\hskip\bindingoffset\fi - \vbox\bgroup - \fi - % - \unvbox\headlinebox - \pagebody{#1}% - \ifdim\ht\footlinebox > 0pt - % Only leave this space if the footline is nonempty. - % (We lessened \vsize for it in \oddfootingxxx.) - % The \baselineskip=24pt in plain's \makefootline has no effect. - \vskip 2\baselineskip - \unvbox\footlinebox - \fi - % - \ifcropmarks - \egroup % end of \vbox\bgroup - \hfil\egroup % end of (centering) \line\bgroup - \vskip\topandbottommargin plus1fill minus1fill - \boxmaxdepth = \cornerthick - \vbox to0pt{\vss - \line{% - \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot}% - \hfill - \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}% - }% - \nointerlineskip - \line{\ewbot\hfil\ewbot}% - }% - \egroup % \vbox from first cropmarks clause - \fi - }% end of \shipout\vbox - }% end of group with \normalturnoffactive - \advancepageno - \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi -} - -\newinsert\margin \dimen\margin=\maxdimen - -\def\pagebody#1{\vbox to\pageheight{\boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth #1}} -{\catcode`\@ =11 -\gdef\pagecontents#1{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi -% marginal hacks, juha@viisa.uucp (Juha Takala) -\ifvoid\margin\else % marginal info is present - \rlap{\kern\hsize\vbox to\z@{\kern1pt\box\margin \vss}}\fi -\dimen@=\dp#1 \unvbox#1 -\ifvoid\footins\else\vskip\skip\footins\footnoterule \unvbox\footins\fi -\ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi} -} - -% Here are the rules for the cropmarks. Note that they are -% offset so that the space between them is truly \outerhsize or \outervsize -% (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986) -% -\def\ewtop{\vrule height\cornerthick depth0pt width\cornerlong} -\def\nstop{\vbox - {\hrule height\cornerthick depth\cornerlong width\cornerthick}} -\def\ewbot{\vrule height0pt depth\cornerthick width\cornerlong} -\def\nsbot{\vbox - {\hrule height\cornerlong depth\cornerthick width\cornerthick}} - -% Parse an argument, then pass it to #1. The argument is the rest of -% the input line (except we remove a trailing comment). #1 should be a -% macro which expects an ordinary undelimited TeX argument. -% -\def\parsearg#1{% - \let\next = #1% - \begingroup - \obeylines - \futurelet\temp\parseargx -} - -% If the next token is an obeyed space (from an @example environment or -% the like), remove it and recurse. Otherwise, we're done. -\def\parseargx{% - % \obeyedspace is defined far below, after the definition of \sepspaces. - \ifx\obeyedspace\temp - \expandafter\parseargdiscardspace - \else - \expandafter\parseargline - \fi -} - -% Remove a single space (as the delimiter token to the macro call). -{\obeyspaces % - \gdef\parseargdiscardspace {\futurelet\temp\parseargx}} - -{\obeylines % - \gdef\parseargline#1^^M{% - \endgroup % End of the group started in \parsearg. - % - % First remove any @c comment, then any @comment. - % Result of each macro is put in \toks0. - \argremovec #1\c\relax % - \expandafter\argremovecomment \the\toks0 \comment\relax % - % - % Call the caller's macro, saved as \next in \parsearg. - \expandafter\next\expandafter{\the\toks0}% - }% -} - -% Since all \c{,omment} does is throw away the argument, we can let TeX -% do that for us. The \relax here is matched by the \relax in the call -% in \parseargline; it could be more or less anything, its purpose is -% just to delimit the argument to the \c. -\def\argremovec#1\c#2\relax{\toks0 = {#1}} -\def\argremovecomment#1\comment#2\relax{\toks0 = {#1}} - -% \argremovec{,omment} might leave us with trailing spaces, though; e.g., -% @end itemize @c foo -% will have two active spaces as part of the argument with the -% `itemize'. Here we remove all active spaces from #1, and assign the -% result to \toks0. -% -% This loses if there are any *other* active characters besides spaces -% in the argument -- _ ^ +, for example -- since they get expanded. -% Fortunately, Texinfo does not define any such commands. (If it ever -% does, the catcode of the characters in questionwill have to be changed -% here.) But this means we cannot call \removeactivespaces as part of -% \argremovec{,omment}, since @c uses \parsearg, and thus the argument -% that \parsearg gets might well have any character at all in it. -% -\def\removeactivespaces#1{% - \begingroup - \ignoreactivespaces - \edef\temp{#1}% - \global\toks0 = \expandafter{\temp}% - \endgroup -} - -% Change the active space to expand to nothing. -% -\begingroup - \obeyspaces - \gdef\ignoreactivespaces{\obeyspaces\let =\empty} -\endgroup - - -\def\flushcr{\ifx\par\lisppar \def\next##1{}\else \let\next=\relax \fi \next} - -%% These are used to keep @begin/@end levels from running away -%% Call \inENV within environments (after a \begingroup) -\newif\ifENV \ENVfalse \def\inENV{\ifENV\relax\else\ENVtrue\fi} -\def\ENVcheck{% -\ifENV\errmessage{Still within an environment; press RETURN to continue} -\endgroup\fi} % This is not perfect, but it should reduce lossage - -% @begin foo is the same as @foo, for now. -\newhelp\EMsimple{Press RETURN to continue.} - -\outer\def\begin{\parsearg\beginxxx} - -\def\beginxxx #1{% -\expandafter\ifx\csname #1\endcsname\relax -{\errhelp=\EMsimple \errmessage{Undefined command @begin #1}}\else -\csname #1\endcsname\fi} - -% @end foo executes the definition of \Efoo. -% -\def\end{\parsearg\endxxx} -\def\endxxx #1{% - \removeactivespaces{#1}% - \edef\endthing{\the\toks0}% - % - \expandafter\ifx\csname E\endthing\endcsname\relax - \expandafter\ifx\csname \endthing\endcsname\relax - % There's no \foo, i.e., no ``environment'' foo. - \errhelp = \EMsimple - \errmessage{Undefined command `@end \endthing'}% - \else - \unmatchedenderror\endthing - \fi - \else - % Everything's ok; the right environment has been started. - \csname E\endthing\endcsname - \fi -} - -% There is an environment #1, but it hasn't been started. Give an error. -% -\def\unmatchedenderror#1{% - \errhelp = \EMsimple - \errmessage{This `@end #1' doesn't have a matching `@#1'}% -} - -% Define the control sequence \E#1 to give an unmatched @end error. -% -\def\defineunmatchedend#1{% - \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\unmatchedenderror{#1}}% -} - - -%% Simple single-character @ commands - -% @@ prints an @ -% Kludge this until the fonts are right (grr). -\def\@{{\tt\char64}} - -% This is turned off because it was never documented -% and you can use @w{...} around a quote to suppress ligatures. -%% Define @` and @' to be the same as ` and ' -%% but suppressing ligatures. -%\def\`{{`}} -%\def\'{{'}} - -% Used to generate quoted braces. -\def\mylbrace {{\tt\char123}} -\def\myrbrace {{\tt\char125}} -\let\{=\mylbrace -\let\}=\myrbrace -\begingroup - % Definitions to produce \{ and \} commands for indices, - % and @{ and @} for the aux file. - \catcode`\{ = \other \catcode`\} = \other - \catcode`\[ = 1 \catcode`\] = 2 - \catcode`\! = 0 \catcode`\\ = \other - !gdef!lbracecmd[\{]% - !gdef!rbracecmd[\}]% - !gdef!lbraceatcmd[@{]% - !gdef!rbraceatcmd[@}]% -!endgroup - -% Accents: @, @dotaccent @ringaccent @ubaraccent @udotaccent -% Others are defined by plain TeX: @` @' @" @^ @~ @= @u @v @H. -\let\, = \c -\let\dotaccent = \. -\def\ringaccent#1{{\accent23 #1}} -\let\tieaccent = \t -\let\ubaraccent = \b -\let\udotaccent = \d - -% Other special characters: @questiondown @exclamdown -% Plain TeX defines: @AA @AE @O @OE @L (plus lowercase versions) @ss. -\def\questiondown{?`} -\def\exclamdown{!`} - -% Dotless i and dotless j, used for accents. -\def\imacro{i} -\def\jmacro{j} -\def\dotless#1{% - \def\temp{#1}% - \ifx\temp\imacro \ptexi - \else\ifx\temp\jmacro \j - \else \errmessage{@dotless can be used only with i or j}% - \fi\fi -} - -% Be sure we're in horizontal mode when doing a tie, since we make space -% equivalent to this in @example-like environments. Otherwise, a space -% at the beginning of a line will start with \penalty -- and -% since \penalty is valid in vertical mode, we'd end up putting the -% penalty on the vertical list instead of in the new paragraph. -{\catcode`@ = 11 - % Avoid using \@M directly, because that causes trouble - % if the definition is written into an index file. - \global\let\tiepenalty = \@M - \gdef\tie{\leavevmode\penalty\tiepenalty\ } -} - -% @: forces normal size whitespace following. -\def\:{\spacefactor=1000 } - -% @* forces a line break. -\def\*{\hfil\break\hbox{}\ignorespaces} - -% @. is an end-of-sentence period. -\def\.{.\spacefactor=3000 } - -% @! is an end-of-sentence bang. -\def\!{!\spacefactor=3000 } - -% @? is an end-of-sentence query. -\def\?{?\spacefactor=3000 } - -% @w prevents a word break. Without the \leavevmode, @w at the -% beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would -% produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph. -\def\w#1{\leavevmode\hbox{#1}} - -% @group ... @end group forces ... to be all on one page, by enclosing -% it in a TeX vbox. We use \vtop instead of \vbox to construct the box -% to keep its height that of a normal line. According to the rules for -% \topskip (p.114 of the TeXbook), the glue inserted is -% max (\topskip - \ht (first item), 0). If that height is large, -% therefore, no glue is inserted, and the space between the headline and -% the text is small, which looks bad. -% -% Another complication is that the group might be very large. This can -% cause the glue on the previous page to be unduly stretched, because it -% does not have much material. In this case, it's better to add an -% explicit \vfill so that the extra space is at the bottom. The -% threshold for doing this is if the group is more than \vfilllimit -% percent of a page (\vfilllimit can be changed inside of @tex). -% -\newbox\groupbox -\def\vfilllimit{0.7} -% -\def\group{\begingroup - \ifnum\catcode13=\active \else - \errhelp = \groupinvalidhelp - \errmessage{@group invalid in context where filling is enabled}% - \fi - % - % The \vtop we start below produces a box with normal height and large - % depth; thus, TeX puts \baselineskip glue before it, and (when the - % next line of text is done) \lineskip glue after it. (See p.82 of - % the TeXbook.) Thus, space below is not quite equal to space - % above. But it's pretty close. - \def\Egroup{% - \egroup % End the \vtop. - % \dimen0 is the vertical size of the group's box. - \dimen0 = \ht\groupbox \advance\dimen0 by \dp\groupbox - % \dimen2 is how much space is left on the page (more or less). - \dimen2 = \pageheight \advance\dimen2 by -\pagetotal - % if the group doesn't fit on the current page, and it's a big big - % group, force a page break. - \ifdim \dimen0 > \dimen2 - \ifdim \pagetotal < \vfilllimit\pageheight - \page - \fi - \fi - \copy\groupbox - \endgroup % End the \group. - }% - % - \setbox\groupbox = \vtop\bgroup - % We have to put a strut on the last line in case the @group is in - % the midst of an example, rather than completely enclosing it. - % Otherwise, the interline space between the last line of the group - % and the first line afterwards is too small. But we can't put the - % strut in \Egroup, since there it would be on a line by itself. - % Hence this just inserts a strut at the beginning of each line. - \everypar = {\strut}% - % - % Since we have a strut on every line, we don't need any of TeX's - % normal interline spacing. - \offinterlineskip - % - % OK, but now we have to do something about blank - % lines in the input in @example-like environments, which normally - % just turn into \lisppar, which will insert no space now that we've - % turned off the interline space. Simplest is to make them be an - % empty paragraph. - \ifx\par\lisppar - \edef\par{\leavevmode \par}% - % - % Reset ^^M's definition to new definition of \par. - \obeylines - \fi - % - % Do @comment since we are called inside an environment such as - % @example, where each end-of-line in the input causes an - % end-of-line in the output. We don't want the end-of-line after - % the `@group' to put extra space in the output. Since @group - % should appear on a line by itself (according to the Texinfo - % manual), we don't worry about eating any user text. - \comment -} -% -% TeX puts in an \escapechar (i.e., `@') at the beginning of the help -% message, so this ends up printing `@group can only ...'. -% -\newhelp\groupinvalidhelp{% -group can only be used in environments such as @example,^^J% -where each line of input produces a line of output.} - -% @need space-in-mils -% forces a page break if there is not space-in-mils remaining. - -\newdimen\mil \mil=0.001in - -\def\need{\parsearg\needx} - -% Old definition--didn't work. -%\def\needx #1{\par % -%% This method tries to make TeX break the page naturally -%% if the depth of the box does not fit. -%{\baselineskip=0pt% -%\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\nobreak -%\prevdepth=-1000pt -%}} - -\def\needx#1{% - % Ensure vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a - % paragraph. - \par - % - % If the @need value is less than one line space, it's useless. - \dimen0 = #1\mil - \dimen2 = \ht\strutbox - \advance\dimen2 by \dp\strutbox - \ifdim\dimen0 > \dimen2 - % - % Do a \strut just to make the height of this box be normal, so the - % normal leading is inserted relative to the preceding line. - % And a page break here is fine. - \vtop to #1\mil{\strut\vfil}% - % - % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the - % main vertical list is 10000 or more. But in order to see if the - % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider - % page breaks. On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the - % page after the empty box. So we use a penalty of 9999. - % - % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the - % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in - % sight. (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which - % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing - % good page breaking, for example.) However, I could not construct an - % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real - % document, then we can reconsider our strategy. - \penalty9999 - % - % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not. - \kern -#1\mil - % - % Do not allow a page break right after this kern. - \nobreak - \fi -} - -% @br forces paragraph break - -\let\br = \par - -% @dots{} output an ellipsis using the current font. -% We do .5em per period so that it has the same spacing in a typewriter -% font as three actual period characters. -% -\def\dots{% - \leavevmode - \hbox to 1.5em{% - \hskip 0pt plus 0.25fil minus 0.25fil - .\hss.\hss.% - \hskip 0pt plus 0.5fil minus 0.5fil - }% -} - -% @enddots{} is an end-of-sentence ellipsis. -% -\def\enddots{% - \leavevmode - \hbox to 2em{% - \hskip 0pt plus 0.25fil minus 0.25fil - .\hss.\hss.\hss.% - \hskip 0pt plus 0.5fil minus 0.5fil - }% - \spacefactor=3000 -} - - -% @page forces the start of a new page -% -\def\page{\par\vfill\supereject} - -% @exdent text.... -% outputs text on separate line in roman font, starting at standard page margin - -% This records the amount of indent in the innermost environment. -% That's how much \exdent should take out. -\newskip\exdentamount - -% This defn is used inside fill environments such as @defun. -\def\exdent{\parsearg\exdentyyy} -\def\exdentyyy #1{{\hfil\break\hbox{\kern -\exdentamount{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}} - -% This defn is used inside nofill environments such as @example. -\def\nofillexdent{\parsearg\nofillexdentyyy} -\def\nofillexdentyyy #1{{\advance \leftskip by -\exdentamount -\leftline{\hskip\leftskip{\rm#1}}}} - -% @inmargin{WHICH}{TEXT} puts TEXT in the WHICH margin next to the current -% paragraph. For more general purposes, use the \margin insertion -% class. WHICH is `l' or `r'. -% -\newskip\inmarginspacing \inmarginspacing=1cm -\def\strutdepth{\dp\strutbox} -% -\def\doinmargin#1#2{\strut\vadjust{% - \nobreak - \kern-\strutdepth - \vtop to \strutdepth{% - \baselineskip=\strutdepth - \vss - % if you have multiple lines of stuff to put here, you'll need to - % make the vbox yourself of the appropriate size. - \ifx#1l% - \llap{\ignorespaces #2\hskip\inmarginspacing}% - \else - \rlap{\hskip\hsize \hskip\inmarginspacing \ignorespaces #2}% - \fi - \null - }% -}} -\def\inleftmargin{\doinmargin l} -\def\inrightmargin{\doinmargin r} -% -% @inmargin{TEXT [, RIGHT-TEXT]} -% (if RIGHT-TEXT is given, use TEXT for left page, RIGHT-TEXT for right; -% else use TEXT for both). -% -\def\inmargin#1{\parseinmargin #1,,\finish} -\def\parseinmargin#1,#2,#3\finish{% not perfect, but better than nothing. - \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}% - \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt - \def\lefttext{#1}% have both texts - \def\righttext{#2}% - \else - \def\lefttext{#1}% have only one text - \def\righttext{#1}% - \fi - % - \ifodd\pageno - \def\temp{\inrightmargin\righttext}% odd page -> outside is right margin - \else - \def\temp{\inleftmargin\lefttext}% - \fi - \temp -} - -% @include file insert text of that file as input. -% Allow normal characters that we make active in the argument (a file name). -\def\include{\begingroup - \catcode`\\=\other - \catcode`~=\other - \catcode`^=\other - \catcode`_=\other - \catcode`|=\other - \catcode`<=\other - \catcode`>=\other - \catcode`+=\other - \parsearg\includezzz} -% Restore active chars for included file. -\def\includezzz#1{\endgroup\begingroup - % Read the included file in a group so nested @include's work. - \def\thisfile{#1}% - \let\value=\expandablevalue - \input\thisfile -\endgroup} - -\def\thisfile{} - -% @center line -% outputs that line, centered. -% -\def\center{\parsearg\docenter} -\def\docenter#1{{% - \ifhmode \hfil\break \fi - \advance\hsize by -\leftskip - \advance\hsize by -\rightskip - \line{\hfil \ignorespaces#1\unskip \hfil}% - \ifhmode \break \fi -}} - -% @sp n outputs n lines of vertical space - -\def\sp{\parsearg\spxxx} -\def\spxxx #1{\vskip #1\baselineskip} - -% @comment ...line which is ignored... -% @c is the same as @comment -% @ignore ... @end ignore is another way to write a comment - -\def\comment{\begingroup \catcode`\^^M=\other% -\catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\{=\other \catcode`\}=\other% -\commentxxx} -{\catcode`\^^M=\other \gdef\commentxxx#1^^M{\endgroup}} - -\let\c=\comment - -% @paragraphindent NCHARS -% We'll use ems for NCHARS, close enough. -% We cannot implement @paragraphindent asis, though. -% -\def\asisword{asis} % no translation, these are keywords -\def\noneword{none} -% -\def\paragraphindent{\parsearg\doparagraphindent} -\def\doparagraphindent#1{% - \def\temp{#1}% - \ifx\temp\asisword - \else - \ifx\temp\noneword - \defaultparindent = 0pt - \else - \defaultparindent = #1em - \fi - \fi - \parindent = \defaultparindent -} - -% @exampleindent NCHARS -% We'll use ems for NCHARS like @paragraphindent. -% It seems @exampleindent asis isn't necessary, but -% I preserve it to make it similar to @paragraphindent. -\def\exampleindent{\parsearg\doexampleindent} -\def\doexampleindent#1{% - \def\temp{#1}% - \ifx\temp\asisword - \else - \ifx\temp\noneword - \lispnarrowing = 0pt - \else - \lispnarrowing = #1em - \fi - \fi -} - -% @asis just yields its argument. Used with @table, for example. -% -\def\asis#1{#1} - -% @math outputs its argument in math mode. -% We don't use $'s directly in the definition of \math because we need -% to set catcodes according to plain TeX first, to allow for subscripts, -% superscripts, special math chars, etc. -% -\let\implicitmath = $%$ font-lock fix -% -% One complication: _ usually means subscripts, but it could also mean -% an actual _ character, as in @math{@var{some_variable} + 1}. So make -% _ within @math be active (mathcode "8000), and distinguish by seeing -% if the current family is \slfam, which is what @var uses. -% -{\catcode\underChar = \active -\gdef\mathunderscore{% - \catcode\underChar=\active - \def_{\ifnum\fam=\slfam \_\else\sb\fi}% -}} -% -% Another complication: we want \\ (and @\) to output a \ character. -% FYI, plain.tex uses \\ as a temporary control sequence (why?), but -% this is not advertised and we don't care. Texinfo does not -% otherwise define @\. -% -% The \mathchar is class=0=ordinary, family=7=ttfam, position=5C=\. -\def\mathbackslash{\ifnum\fam=\ttfam \mathchar"075C \else\backslash \fi} -% -\def\math{% - \tex - \mathcode`\_="8000 \mathunderscore - \let\\ = \mathbackslash - \mathactive - \implicitmath\finishmath} -\def\finishmath#1{#1\implicitmath\Etex} - -% Some active characters (such as <) are spaced differently in math. -% We have to reset their definitions in case the @math was an -% argument to a command which set the catcodes (such as @item or @section). -% -{ - \catcode`^ = \active - \catcode`< = \active - \catcode`> = \active - \catcode`+ = \active - \gdef\mathactive{% - \let^ = \ptexhat - \let< = \ptexless - \let> = \ptexgtr - \let+ = \ptexplus - } -} - -% @bullet and @minus need the same treatment as @math, just above. -\def\bullet{\implicitmath\ptexbullet\implicitmath} -\def\minus{\implicitmath-\implicitmath} - -% @refill is a no-op. -\let\refill=\relax - -% If working on a large document in chapters, it is convenient to -% be able to disable indexing, cross-referencing, and contents, for test runs. -% This is done with @novalidate (before @setfilename). -% -\newif\iflinks \linkstrue % by default we want the aux files. -\let\novalidate = \linksfalse - -% @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file. -% So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input. -% This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo. -\def\setfilename{% - \iflinks - \readauxfile - \fi % \openindices needs to do some work in any case. - \openindices - \fixbackslash % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'. - \global\let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds. - % - % If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it. - % Useful for site-wide @afourpaper, etc. - % Just to be on the safe side, close the input stream before the \input. - \openin 1 texinfo.cnf - \ifeof1 \let\temp=\relax \else \def\temp{\input texinfo.cnf }\fi - \closein1 - \temp - % - \comment % Ignore the actual filename. -} - -% Called from \setfilename. -% -\def\openindices{% - \newindex{cp}% - \newcodeindex{fn}% - \newcodeindex{vr}% - \newcodeindex{tp}% - \newcodeindex{ky}% - \newcodeindex{pg}% -} - -% @bye. -\outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend} - - -\message{pdf,} -% adobe `portable' document format -\newcount\tempnum -\newcount\lnkcount -\newtoks\filename -\newcount\filenamelength -\newcount\pgn -\newtoks\toksA -\newtoks\toksB -\newtoks\toksC -\newtoks\toksD -\newbox\boxA -\newcount\countA -\newif\ifpdf -\newif\ifpdfmakepagedest - -\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined - \pdffalse - \let\pdfmkdest = \gobble - \let\pdfurl = \gobble - \let\endlink = \relax - \let\linkcolor = \relax - \let\pdfmakeoutlines = \relax -\else - \pdftrue - \pdfoutput = 1 - \input pdfcolor - \def\dopdfimage#1#2#3{% - \def\imagewidth{#2}% - \def\imageheight{#3}% - % without \immediate, pdftex seg faults when the same image is - % included twice. (Version 3.14159-pre-1.0-unofficial-20010704.) - \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 - \immediate\pdfimage - \else - \immediate\pdfximage - \fi - \ifx\empty\imagewidth\else width \imagewidth \fi - \ifx\empty\imageheight\else height \imageheight \fi - \ifnum\pdftexversion<13 - #1.pdf% - \else - {#1.pdf}% - \fi - \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 \else - \pdfrefximage \pdflastximage - \fi} - \def\pdfmkdest#1{{\normalturnoffactive \pdfdest name{#1} xyz}} - \def\pdfmkpgn#1{#1} - \let\linkcolor = \Blue % was Cyan, but that seems light? - \def\endlink{\Black\pdfendlink} - % Adding outlines to PDF; macros for calculating structure of outlines - % come from Petr Olsak - \def\expnumber#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax 0% - \else \csname#1\endcsname \fi} - \def\advancenumber#1{\tempnum=\expnumber{#1}\relax - \advance\tempnum by1 - \expandafter\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{\the\tempnum}} - \def\pdfmakeoutlines{{% - \openin 1 \jobname.toc - \ifeof 1\else\begingroup - \closein 1 - % Thanh's hack / proper braces in bookmarks - \edef\mylbrace{\iftrue \string{\else}\fi}\let\{=\mylbrace - \edef\myrbrace{\iffalse{\else\string}\fi}\let\}=\myrbrace - % - \def\chapentry ##1##2##3{} - \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{\advancenumber{chap##2}} - \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{\advancenumber{sec##2.##3}} - \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{\advancenumber{subsec##2.##3.##4}} - \let\appendixentry = \chapentry - \let\unnumbchapentry = \chapentry - \let\unnumbsecentry = \secentry - \let\unnumbsubsecentry = \subsecentry - \let\unnumbsubsubsecentry = \subsubsecentry - \input \jobname.toc - \def\chapentry ##1##2##3{% - \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##3}}count-\expnumber{chap##2}{##1}} - \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{% - \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##4}}count-\expnumber{sec##2.##3}{##1}} - \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{% - \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##5}}count-\expnumber{subsec##2.##3.##4}{##1}} - \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{% - \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##6}}{##1}} - \let\appendixentry = \chapentry - \let\unnumbchapentry = \chapentry - \let\unnumbsecentry = \secentry - \let\unnumbsubsecentry = \subsecentry - \let\unnumbsubsubsecentry = \subsubsecentry - % - % Make special characters normal for writing to the pdf file. - % - \indexnofonts - \let\tt=\relax - \turnoffactive - \input \jobname.toc - \endgroup\fi - }} - \def\makelinks #1,{% - \def\params{#1}\def\E{END}% - \ifx\params\E - \let\nextmakelinks=\relax - \else - \let\nextmakelinks=\makelinks - \ifnum\lnkcount>0,\fi - \picknum{#1}% - \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} - goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\the\pgn}}% - \linkcolor #1% - \advance\lnkcount by 1% - \endlink - \fi - \nextmakelinks - } - \def\picknum#1{\expandafter\pn#1} - \def\pn#1{% - \def\p{#1}% - \ifx\p\lbrace - \let\nextpn=\ppn - \else - \let\nextpn=\ppnn - \def\first{#1} - \fi - \nextpn - } - \def\ppn#1{\pgn=#1\gobble} - \def\ppnn{\pgn=\first} - \def\pdfmklnk#1{\lnkcount=0\makelinks #1,END,} - \def\addtokens#1#2{\edef\addtoks{\noexpand#1={\the#1#2}}\addtoks} - \def\skipspaces#1{\def\PP{#1}\def\D{|}% - \ifx\PP\D\let\nextsp\relax - \else\let\nextsp\skipspaces - \ifx\p\space\else\addtokens{\filename}{\PP}% - \advance\filenamelength by 1 - \fi - \fi - \nextsp} - \def\getfilename#1{\filenamelength=0\expandafter\skipspaces#1|\relax} - \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 - \let \startlink \pdfannotlink - \else - \let \startlink \pdfstartlink - \fi - \def\pdfurl#1{% - \begingroup - \normalturnoffactive\def\@{@}% - \let\value=\expandablevalue - \leavevmode\Red - \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}% - user{/Subtype /Link /A << /S /URI /URI (#1) >>}% - % #1 - \endgroup} - \def\pdfgettoks#1.{\setbox\boxA=\hbox{\toksA={#1.}\toksB={}\maketoks}} - \def\addtokens#1#2{\edef\addtoks{\noexpand#1={\the#1#2}}\addtoks} - \def\adn#1{\addtokens{\toksC}{#1}\global\countA=1\let\next=\maketoks} - \def\poptoks#1#2|ENDTOKS|{\let\first=#1\toksD={#1}\toksA={#2}} - \def\maketoks{% - \expandafter\poptoks\the\toksA|ENDTOKS| - \ifx\first0\adn0 - \else\ifx\first1\adn1 \else\ifx\first2\adn2 \else\ifx\first3\adn3 - \else\ifx\first4\adn4 \else\ifx\first5\adn5 \else\ifx\first6\adn6 - \else\ifx\first7\adn7 \else\ifx\first8\adn8 \else\ifx\first9\adn9 - \else - \ifnum0=\countA\else\makelink\fi - \ifx\first.\let\next=\done\else - \let\next=\maketoks - \addtokens{\toksB}{\the\toksD} - \ifx\first,\addtokens{\toksB}{\space}\fi - \fi - \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi - \next} - \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}% - {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0} - \def\pdflink#1{% - \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} goto name{\pdfmkpgn{#1}} - \linkcolor #1\endlink} - \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st} -\fi % \ifx\pdfoutput - - -\message{fonts,} -% Font-change commands. - -% Texinfo sort of supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not. -% So we set up a \sf analogous to plain's \rm, etc. -\newfam\sffam -\def\sf{\fam=\sffam \tensf} -\let\li = \sf % Sometimes we call it \li, not \sf. - -% We don't need math for this one. -\def\ttsl{\tenttsl} - -% Default leading. -\newdimen\textleading \textleading = 13.2pt - -% Set the baselineskip to #1, and the lineskip and strut size -% correspondingly. There is no deep meaning behind these magic numbers -% used as factors; they just match (closely enough) what Knuth defined. -% -\def\lineskipfactor{.08333} -\def\strutheightpercent{.70833} -\def\strutdepthpercent {.29167} -% -\def\setleading#1{% - \normalbaselineskip = #1\relax - \normallineskip = \lineskipfactor\normalbaselineskip - \normalbaselines - \setbox\strutbox =\hbox{% - \vrule width0pt height\strutheightpercent\baselineskip - depth \strutdepthpercent \baselineskip - }% -} - -% Set the font macro #1 to the font named #2, adding on the -% specified font prefix (normally `cm'). -% #3 is the font's design size, #4 is a scale factor -\def\setfont#1#2#3#4{\font#1=\fontprefix#2#3 scaled #4} - -% Use cm as the default font prefix. -% To specify the font prefix, you must define \fontprefix -% before you read in texinfo.tex. -\ifx\fontprefix\undefined -\def\fontprefix{cm} -\fi -% Support font families that don't use the same naming scheme as CM. -\def\rmshape{r} -\def\rmbshape{bx} %where the normal face is bold -\def\bfshape{b} -\def\bxshape{bx} -\def\ttshape{tt} -\def\ttbshape{tt} -\def\ttslshape{sltt} -\def\itshape{ti} -\def\itbshape{bxti} -\def\slshape{sl} -\def\slbshape{bxsl} -\def\sfshape{ss} -\def\sfbshape{ss} -\def\scshape{csc} -\def\scbshape{csc} - -\newcount\mainmagstep -\ifx\bigger\relax - % not really supported. - \mainmagstep=\magstep1 - \setfont\textrm\rmshape{12}{1000} - \setfont\texttt\ttshape{12}{1000} -\else - \mainmagstep=\magstephalf - \setfont\textrm\rmshape{10}{\mainmagstep} - \setfont\texttt\ttshape{10}{\mainmagstep} -\fi -% Instead of cmb10, you may want to use cmbx10. -% cmbx10 is a prettier font on its own, but cmb10 -% looks better when embedded in a line with cmr10 -% (in Bob's opinion). -\setfont\textbf\bfshape{10}{\mainmagstep} -\setfont\textit\itshape{10}{\mainmagstep} -\setfont\textsl\slshape{10}{\mainmagstep} -\setfont\textsf\sfshape{10}{\mainmagstep} -\setfont\textsc\scshape{10}{\mainmagstep} -\setfont\textttsl\ttslshape{10}{\mainmagstep} -\font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep -\font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep - -% A few fonts for @defun, etc. -\setfont\defbf\bxshape{10}{\magstep1} %was 1314 -\setfont\deftt\ttshape{10}{\magstep1} -\def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \bf} - -% Fonts for indices, footnotes, small examples (9pt). -\setfont\smallrm\rmshape{9}{1000} -\setfont\smalltt\ttshape{9}{1000} -\setfont\smallbf\bfshape{10}{900} -\setfont\smallit\itshape{9}{1000} -\setfont\smallsl\slshape{9}{1000} -\setfont\smallsf\sfshape{9}{1000} -\setfont\smallsc\scshape{10}{900} -\setfont\smallttsl\ttslshape{10}{900} -\font\smalli=cmmi9 -\font\smallsy=cmsy9 - -% Fonts for small examples (8pt). -\setfont\smallerrm\rmshape{8}{1000} -\setfont\smallertt\ttshape{8}{1000} -\setfont\smallerbf\bfshape{10}{800} -\setfont\smallerit\itshape{8}{1000} -\setfont\smallersl\slshape{8}{1000} -\setfont\smallersf\sfshape{8}{1000} -\setfont\smallersc\scshape{10}{800} -\setfont\smallerttsl\ttslshape{10}{800} -\font\smalleri=cmmi8 -\font\smallersy=cmsy8 - -% Fonts for title page: -\setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3} -\setfont\titleit\itbshape{10}{\magstep4} -\setfont\titlesl\slbshape{10}{\magstep4} -\setfont\titlett\ttbshape{12}{\magstep3} -\setfont\titlettsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep4} -\setfont\titlesf\sfbshape{17}{\magstep1} -\let\titlebf=\titlerm -\setfont\titlesc\scbshape{10}{\magstep4} -\font\titlei=cmmi12 scaled \magstep3 -\font\titlesy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep4 -\def\authorrm{\secrm} -\def\authortt{\sectt} - -% Chapter (and unnumbered) fonts (17.28pt). -\setfont\chaprm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep2} -\setfont\chapit\itbshape{10}{\magstep3} -\setfont\chapsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep3} -\setfont\chaptt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep2} -\setfont\chapttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep3} -\setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{17}{1000} -\let\chapbf=\chaprm -\setfont\chapsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep3} -\font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2 -\font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3 - -% Section fonts (14.4pt). -\setfont\secrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep1} -\setfont\secit\itbshape{10}{\magstep2} -\setfont\secsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep2} -\setfont\sectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep1} -\setfont\secttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep2} -\setfont\secsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstep1} -\let\secbf\secrm -\setfont\secsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep2} -\font\seci=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1 -\font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2 - -% Subsection fonts (13.15pt). -\setfont\ssecrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstephalf} -\setfont\ssecit\itbshape{10}{1315} -\setfont\ssecsl\slbshape{10}{1315} -\setfont\ssectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstephalf} -\setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{1315} -\setfont\ssecsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstephalf} -\let\ssecbf\ssecrm -\setfont\ssecsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep1} -\font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf -\font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled 1315 -% The smallcaps and symbol fonts should actually be scaled \magstep1.5, -% but that is not a standard magnification. - -% In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters, -% we have to define the \textfont of the standard families. Since -% texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts except -% in the main text, we don't bother to reset \scriptfont and -% \scriptscriptfont (which would also require loading a lot more fonts). -% -\def\resetmathfonts{% - \textfont0=\tenrm \textfont1=\teni \textfont2=\tensy - \textfont\itfam=\tenit \textfont\slfam=\tensl \textfont\bffam=\tenbf - \textfont\ttfam=\tentt \textfont\sffam=\tensf -} - -% The font-changing commands redefine the meanings of \tenSTYLE, instead -% of just \STYLE. We do this so that font changes will continue to work -% in math mode, where it is the current \fam that is relevant in most -% cases, not the current font. Plain TeX does \def\bf{\fam=\bffam -% \tenbf}, for example. By redefining \tenbf, we obviate the need to -% redefine \bf itself. -\def\textfonts{% - \let\tenrm=\textrm \let\tenit=\textit \let\tensl=\textsl - \let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc - \let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy \let\tenttsl=\textttsl - \resetmathfonts \setleading{\textleading}} -\def\titlefonts{% - \let\tenrm=\titlerm \let\tenit=\titleit \let\tensl=\titlesl - \let\tenbf=\titlebf \let\tentt=\titlett \let\smallcaps=\titlesc - \let\tensf=\titlesf \let\teni=\titlei \let\tensy=\titlesy - \let\tenttsl=\titlettsl - \resetmathfonts \setleading{25pt}} -\def\titlefont#1{{\titlefonts\rm #1}} -\def\chapfonts{% - \let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl - \let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc - \let\tensf=\chapsf \let\teni=\chapi \let\tensy=\chapsy \let\tenttsl=\chapttsl - \resetmathfonts \setleading{19pt}} -\def\secfonts{% - \let\tenrm=\secrm \let\tenit=\secit \let\tensl=\secsl - \let\tenbf=\secbf \let\tentt=\sectt \let\smallcaps=\secsc - \let\tensf=\secsf \let\teni=\seci \let\tensy=\secsy \let\tenttsl=\secttsl - \resetmathfonts \setleading{16pt}} -\def\subsecfonts{% - \let\tenrm=\ssecrm \let\tenit=\ssecit \let\tensl=\ssecsl - \let\tenbf=\ssecbf \let\tentt=\ssectt \let\smallcaps=\ssecsc - \let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy \let\tenttsl=\ssecttsl - \resetmathfonts \setleading{15pt}} -\let\subsubsecfonts = \subsecfonts % Maybe make sssec fonts scaled magstephalf? -\def\smallfonts{% - \let\tenrm=\smallrm \let\tenit=\smallit \let\tensl=\smallsl - \let\tenbf=\smallbf \let\tentt=\smalltt \let\smallcaps=\smallsc - \let\tensf=\smallsf \let\teni=\smalli \let\tensy=\smallsy - \let\tenttsl=\smallttsl - \resetmathfonts \setleading{10.5pt}} -\def\smallerfonts{% - \let\tenrm=\smallerrm \let\tenit=\smallerit \let\tensl=\smallersl - \let\tenbf=\smallerbf \let\tentt=\smallertt \let\smallcaps=\smallersc - \let\tensf=\smallersf \let\teni=\smalleri \let\tensy=\smallersy - \let\tenttsl=\smallerttsl - \resetmathfonts \setleading{9.5pt}} - -% Set the fonts to use with the @small... environments. -\let\smallexamplefonts = \smallfonts - -% About \smallexamplefonts. If we use \smallfonts (9pt), @smallexample -% can fit this many characters: -% 8.5x11=86 smallbook=72 a4=90 a5=69 -% If we use \smallerfonts (8pt), then we can fit this many characters: -% 8.5x11=90+ smallbook=80 a4=90+ a5=77 -% For me, subjectively, the few extra characters that fit aren't worth -% the additional smallness of 8pt. So I'm making the default 9pt. -% -% By the way, for comparison, here's what fits with @example (10pt): -% 8.5x11=71 smallbook=60 a4=75 a5=58 -% -% I wish we used A4 paper on this side of the Atlantic. -% -% --karl, 24jan03. - - -% Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes. -% -\textfonts - -% Define these so they can be easily changed for other fonts. -\def\angleleft{$\langle$} -\def\angleright{$\rangle$} - -% Count depth in font-changes, for error checks -\newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0 - -% Fonts for short table of contents. -\setfont\shortcontrm\rmshape{12}{1000} -\setfont\shortcontbf\bxshape{12}{1000} -\setfont\shortcontsl\slshape{12}{1000} -\setfont\shortconttt\ttshape{12}{1000} - -%% Add scribe-like font environments, plus @l for inline lisp (usually sans -%% serif) and @ii for TeX italic - -% \smartitalic{ARG} outputs arg in italics, followed by an italic correction -% unless the following character is such as not to need one. -\def\smartitalicx{\ifx\next,\else\ifx\next-\else\ifx\next.\else\/\fi\fi\fi} -\def\smartslanted#1{{\ifusingtt\ttsl\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx} -\def\smartitalic#1{{\ifusingtt\ttsl\it #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx} - -\let\i=\smartitalic -\let\var=\smartslanted -\let\dfn=\smartslanted -\let\emph=\smartitalic -\let\cite=\smartslanted - -\def\b#1{{\bf #1}} -\let\strong=\b - -% We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at -% the end of a paragraph. Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the -% group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called. -% -\def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1 \aftergroup\restorehyphenation} -\def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- } - -% Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value. -% Can't use plain's \frenchspacing because it uses the `\x notation, and -% sometimes \x has an active definition that messes things up. -% -\catcode`@=11 - \def\frenchspacing{% - \sfcode\dotChar =\@m \sfcode\questChar=\@m \sfcode\exclamChar=\@m - \sfcode\colonChar=\@m \sfcode\semiChar =\@m \sfcode\commaChar =\@m - } -\catcode`@=\other - -\def\t#1{% - {\tt \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}% - \null -} -\let\ttfont=\t -\def\samp#1{`\tclose{#1}'\null} -\setfont\keyrm\rmshape{8}{1000} -\font\keysy=cmsy9 -\def\key#1{{\keyrm\textfont2=\keysy \leavevmode\hbox{% - \raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleleft}\kern-.08em\vtop{% - \vbox{\hrule\kern-0.4pt - \hbox{\raise0.4pt\hbox{\vphantom{\angleleft}}#1}}% - \kern-0.4pt\hrule}% - \kern-.06em\raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleright}}}} -% The old definition, with no lozenge: -%\def\key #1{{\ttsl \nohyphenation \uppercase{#1}}\null} -\def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1} - -% @file, @option are the same as @samp. -\let\file=\samp -\let\option=\samp - -% @code is a modification of @t, -% which makes spaces the same size as normal in the surrounding text. -\def\tclose#1{% - {% - % Change normal interword space to be same as for the current font. - \spaceskip = \fontdimen2\font - % - % Switch to typewriter. - \tt - % - % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space. - \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}% - % - % Turn off hyphenation. - \nohyphenation - % - \rawbackslash - \frenchspacing - #1% - }% - \null -} - -% We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in \code. -% Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overfull hboxes -% in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc. - -% Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control -% both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words. -% We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that) -% and arrange explicitly to hyphenate at a dash. -% -- rms. -{ - \catcode`\-=\active - \catcode`\_=\active - % - \global\def\code{\begingroup - \catcode`\-=\active \let-\codedash - \catcode`\_=\active \let_\codeunder - \codex - } - % - % If we end up with any active - characters when handling the index, - % just treat them as a normal -. - \global\def\indexbreaks{\catcode`\-=\active \let-\realdash} -} - -\def\realdash{-} -\def\codedash{-\discretionary{}{}{}} -\def\codeunder{% - % this is all so @math{@code{var_name}+1} can work. In math mode, _ - % is "active" (mathcode"8000) and \normalunderscore (or \char95, etc.) - % will therefore expand the active definition of _, which is us - % (inside @code that is), therefore an endless loop. - \ifusingtt{\ifmmode - \mathchar"075F % class 0=ordinary, family 7=ttfam, pos 0x5F=_. - \else\normalunderscore \fi - \discretionary{}{}{}}% - {\_}% -} -\def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup} - -% @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command, -% then @kbd has no effect. - -% @kbdinputstyle -- arg is `distinct' (@kbd uses slanted tty font always), -% `example' (@kbd uses ttsl only inside of @example and friends), -% or `code' (@kbd uses normal tty font always). -\def\kbdinputstyle{\parsearg\kbdinputstylexxx} -\def\kbdinputstylexxx#1{% - \def\arg{#1}% - \ifx\arg\worddistinct - \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\ttsl}% - \else\ifx\arg\wordexample - \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}% - \else\ifx\arg\wordcode - \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\tt}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}% - \else - \errhelp = \EMsimple - \errmessage{Unknown @kbdinputstyle `\arg'}% - \fi\fi\fi -} -\def\worddistinct{distinct} -\def\wordexample{example} -\def\wordcode{code} - -% Default is `distinct.' -\kbdinputstyle distinct - -\def\xkey{\key} -\def\kbdfoo#1#2#3\par{\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}% -\ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}% -\else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi -\else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi} - -% For @url, @env, @command quotes seem unnecessary, so use \code. -\let\url=\code -\let\env=\code -\let\command=\code - -% @uref (abbreviation for `urlref') takes an optional (comma-separated) -% second argument specifying the text to display and an optional third -% arg as text to display instead of (rather than in addition to) the url -% itself. First (mandatory) arg is the url. Perhaps eventually put in -% a hypertex \special here. -% -\def\uref#1{\douref #1,,,\finish} -\def\douref#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{\begingroup - \unsepspaces - \pdfurl{#1}% - \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}% - \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt - \unhbox0 % third arg given, show only that - \else - \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}% - \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt - \ifpdf - \unhbox0 % PDF: 2nd arg given, show only it - \else - \unhbox0\ (\code{#1})% DVI: 2nd arg given, show both it and url - \fi - \else - \code{#1}% only url given, so show it - \fi - \fi - \endlink -\endgroup} - -% rms does not like angle brackets --karl, 17may97. -% So now @email is just like @uref, unless we are pdf. -% -%\def\email#1{\angleleft{\tt #1}\angleright} -\ifpdf - \def\email#1{\doemail#1,,\finish} - \def\doemail#1,#2,#3\finish{\begingroup - \unsepspaces - \pdfurl{mailto:#1}% - \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}% - \ifdim\wd0>0pt\unhbox0\else\code{#1}\fi - \endlink - \endgroup} -\else - \let\email=\uref -\fi - -% Check if we are currently using a typewriter font. Since all the -% Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and -% shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all typewriter fonts to have -% this property, we can check that font parameter. -% -\def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt } - -% Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'. The only reason for the -% argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of @dmn{}pt. -% -\def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1} - -\def\kbd#1{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdfoo\look??\par} - -% @l was never documented to mean ``switch to the Lisp font'', -% and it is not used as such in any manual I can find. We need it for -% Polish suppressed-l. --karl, 22sep96. -%\def\l#1{{\li #1}\null} - -% Explicit font changes: @r, @sc, undocumented @ii. -\def\r#1{{\rm #1}} % roman font -\def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}} % smallcaps font -\def\ii#1{{\it #1}} % italic font - -% @acronym downcases the argument and prints in smallcaps. -\def\acronym#1{{\smallcaps \lowercase{#1}}} - -% @pounds{} is a sterling sign. -\def\pounds{{\it\$}} - - -\message{page headings,} - -\newskip\titlepagetopglue \titlepagetopglue = 1.5in -\newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc - -% First the title page. Must do @settitle before @titlepage. -\newif\ifseenauthor -\newif\iffinishedtitlepage - -% Do an implicit @contents or @shortcontents after @end titlepage if the -% user says @setcontentsaftertitlepage or @setshortcontentsaftertitlepage. -% -\newif\ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage - \let\setcontentsaftertitlepage = \setcontentsaftertitlepagetrue -\newif\ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage - \let\setshortcontentsaftertitlepage = \setshortcontentsaftertitlepagetrue - -\def\shorttitlepage{\parsearg\shorttitlepagezzz} -\def\shorttitlepagezzz #1{\begingroup\hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}% - \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page} - -\def\titlepage{\begingroup \parindent=0pt \textfonts - \let\subtitlerm=\tenrm - \def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines}% - % - \def\authorfont{\authorrm \normalbaselineskip = 16pt \normalbaselines - \let\tt=\authortt}% - % - % Leave some space at the very top of the page. - \vglue\titlepagetopglue - % - % Now you can print the title using @title. - \def\title{\parsearg\titlezzz}% - \def\titlezzz##1{\leftline{\titlefonts\rm ##1} - % print a rule at the page bottom also. - \finishedtitlepagefalse - \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt width \hsize \vskip4pt}% - % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title. - \finishedtitlepagetrue - % - % Now you can put text using @subtitle. - \def\subtitle{\parsearg\subtitlezzz}% - \def\subtitlezzz##1{{\subtitlefont \rightline{##1}}}% - % - % @author should come last, but may come many times. - \def\author{\parsearg\authorzzz}% - \def\authorzzz##1{\ifseenauthor\else\vskip 0pt plus 1filll\seenauthortrue\fi - {\authorfont \leftline{##1}}}% - % - % Most title ``pages'' are actually two pages long, with space - % at the top of the second. We don't want the ragged left on the second. - \let\oldpage = \page - \def\page{% - \iffinishedtitlepage\else - \finishtitlepage - \fi - \oldpage - \let\page = \oldpage - \hbox{}}% -% \def\page{\oldpage \hbox{}} -} - -\def\Etitlepage{% - \iffinishedtitlepage\else - \finishtitlepage - \fi - % It is important to do the page break before ending the group, - % because the headline and footline are only empty inside the group. - % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page - % after the title page, which we certainly don't want. - \oldpage - \endgroup - % - % Need this before the \...aftertitlepage checks so that if they are - % in effect the toc pages will come out with page numbers. - \HEADINGSon - % - % If they want short, they certainly want long too. - \ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage - \shortcontents - \contents - \global\let\shortcontents = \relax - \global\let\contents = \relax - \fi - % - \ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage - \contents - \global\let\contents = \relax - \global\let\shortcontents = \relax - \fi -} - -\def\finishtitlepage{% - \vskip4pt \hrule height 2pt width \hsize - \vskip\titlepagebottomglue - \finishedtitlepagetrue -} - -%%% Set up page headings and footings. - -\let\thispage=\folio - -\newtoks\evenheadline % headline on even pages -\newtoks\oddheadline % headline on odd pages -\newtoks\evenfootline % footline on even pages -\newtoks\oddfootline % footline on odd pages - -% Now make Tex use those variables -\headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline - \else \the\evenheadline \fi}} -\footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline - \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook} -\let\HEADINGShook=\relax - -% Commands to set those variables. -% For example, this is what @headings on does -% @evenheading @thistitle|@thispage|@thischapter -% @oddheading @thischapter|@thispage|@thistitle -% @evenfooting @thisfile|| -% @oddfooting ||@thisfile - -\def\evenheading{\parsearg\evenheadingxxx} -\def\oddheading{\parsearg\oddheadingxxx} -\def\everyheading{\parsearg\everyheadingxxx} - -\def\evenfooting{\parsearg\evenfootingxxx} -\def\oddfooting{\parsearg\oddfootingxxx} -\def\everyfooting{\parsearg\everyfootingxxx} - -{\catcode`\@=0 % - -\gdef\evenheadingxxx #1{\evenheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} -\gdef\evenheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% -\global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} - -\gdef\oddheadingxxx #1{\oddheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} -\gdef\oddheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% -\global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} - -\gdef\everyheadingxxx#1{\oddheadingxxx{#1}\evenheadingxxx{#1}}% - -\gdef\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} -\gdef\evenfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% -\global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} - -\gdef\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} -\gdef\oddfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% - \global\oddfootline = {\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}% - % - % Leave some space for the footline. Hopefully ok to assume - % @evenfooting will not be used by itself. - \global\advance\pageheight by -\baselineskip - \global\advance\vsize by -\baselineskip -} - -\gdef\everyfootingxxx#1{\oddfootingxxx{#1}\evenfootingxxx{#1}} -% -}% unbind the catcode of @. - -% @headings double turns headings on for double-sided printing. -% @headings single turns headings on for single-sided printing. -% @headings off turns them off. -% @headings on same as @headings double, retained for compatibility. -% @headings after turns on double-sided headings after this page. -% @headings doubleafter turns on double-sided headings after this page. -% @headings singleafter turns on single-sided headings after this page. -% By default, they are off at the start of a document, -% and turned `on' after @end titlepage. - -\def\headings #1 {\csname HEADINGS#1\endcsname} - -\def\HEADINGSoff{ -\global\evenheadline={\hfil} \global\evenfootline={\hfil} -\global\oddheadline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil}} -\HEADINGSoff -% When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1. -% For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner, -% chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document -% title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top -% edge of all pages. -\def\HEADINGSdouble{ -\global\pageno=1 -\global\evenfootline={\hfil} -\global\oddfootline={\hfil} -\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}} -\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} -\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage -} -\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager - -% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page, -% page number on top right. -\def\HEADINGSsingle{ -\global\pageno=1 -\global\evenfootline={\hfil} -\global\oddfootline={\hfil} -\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} -\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} -\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager -} -\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble} - -\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex} -\let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter -\def\HEADINGSdoublex{% -\global\evenfootline={\hfil} -\global\oddfootline={\hfil} -\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}} -\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} -\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage -} - -\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex} -\def\HEADINGSsinglex{% -\global\evenfootline={\hfil} -\global\oddfootline={\hfil} -\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} -\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} -\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager -} - -% Subroutines used in generating headings -% This produces Day Month Year style of output. -% Only define if not already defined, in case a txi-??.tex file has set -% up a different format (e.g., txi-cs.tex does this). -\ifx\today\undefined -\def\today{% - \number\day\space - \ifcase\month - \or\putwordMJan\or\putwordMFeb\or\putwordMMar\or\putwordMApr - \or\putwordMMay\or\putwordMJun\or\putwordMJul\or\putwordMAug - \or\putwordMSep\or\putwordMOct\or\putwordMNov\or\putwordMDec - \fi - \space\number\year} -\fi - -% @settitle line... specifies the title of the document, for headings. -% It generates no output of its own. -\def\thistitle{\putwordNoTitle} -\def\settitle{\parsearg\settitlezzz} -\def\settitlezzz #1{\gdef\thistitle{#1}} - - -\message{tables,} -% Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x), @kitem(x), @xitem(x). - -% default indentation of table text -\newdimen\tableindent \tableindent=.8in -% default indentation of @itemize and @enumerate text -\newdimen\itemindent \itemindent=.3in -% margin between end of table item and start of table text. -\newdimen\itemmargin \itemmargin=.1in - -% used internally for \itemindent minus \itemmargin -\newdimen\itemmax - -% Note @table, @vtable, and @vtable define @item, @itemx, etc., with -% these defs. -% They also define \itemindex -% to index the item name in whatever manner is desired (perhaps none). - -\newif\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip - -\def\itemxpar{\par\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip\nobreak\vskip-\parskip\nobreak\fi} - -\def\internalBitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\itemzzz} -\def\internalBitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\itemzzz} - -\def\internalBxitem "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \smallbreak \parsearg\xitemzzz} -\def\internalBxitemx "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \itemxpar \parsearg\xitemzzz} - -\def\internalBkitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\kitemzzz} -\def\internalBkitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\kitemzzz} - -\def\kitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \lastfunction}}% - \itemzzz {#1}} - -\def\xitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \xitemsubtopic}}% - \itemzzz {#1}} - -\def\itemzzz #1{\begingroup % - \advance\hsize by -\rightskip - \advance\hsize by -\tableindent - \setbox0=\hbox{\itemfont{#1}}% - \itemindex{#1}% - \nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx. - % - % If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line - % by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that - % line. We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next - % command is, e.g., @kindex, the whatsit would get put into the - % horizontal list on a line by itself, resulting in extra blank space. - \ifdim \wd0>\itemmax - % - % Make this a paragraph so we get the \parskip glue and wrapping, - % but leave it ragged-right. - \begingroup - \advance\leftskip by-\tableindent - \advance\hsize by\tableindent - \advance\rightskip by0pt plus1fil - \leavevmode\unhbox0\par - \endgroup - % - % We're going to be starting a paragraph, but we don't want the - % \parskip glue -- logically it's part of the @item we just started. - \nobreak \vskip-\parskip - % - % Stop a page break at the \parskip glue coming up. (Unfortunately - % we can't prevent a possible page break at the following - % \baselineskip glue.) However, if what follows is an environment - % such as @example, there will be no \parskip glue; then - % the negative vskip we just would cause the example and the item to - % crash together. So we use this bizarre value of 10001 as a signal - % to \aboveenvbreak to insert \parskip glue after all. - % (Possibly there are other commands that could be followed by - % @example which need the same treatment, but not section titles; or - % maybe section titles are the only special case and they should be - % penalty 10001...) - \penalty 10001 - \endgroup - \itemxneedsnegativevskipfalse - \else - % The item text fits into the space. Start a paragraph, so that the - % following text (if any) will end up on the same line. - \noindent - % Do this with kerns and \unhbox so that if there is a footnote in - % the item text, it can migrate to the main vertical list and - % eventually be printed. - \nobreak\kern-\tableindent - \dimen0 = \itemmax \advance\dimen0 by \itemmargin \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0 - \unhbox0 - \nobreak\kern\dimen0 - \endgroup - \itemxneedsnegativevskiptrue - \fi -} - -\def\item{\errmessage{@item while not in a table}} -\def\itemx{\errmessage{@itemx while not in a table}} -\def\kitem{\errmessage{@kitem while not in a table}} -\def\kitemx{\errmessage{@kitemx while not in a table}} -\def\xitem{\errmessage{@xitem while not in a table}} -\def\xitemx{\errmessage{@xitemx while not in a table}} - -% Contains a kludge to get @end[description] to work. -\def\description{\tablez{\dontindex}{1}{}{}{}{}} - -% @table, @ftable, @vtable. -\def\table{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\tablex} -{\obeylines\obeyspaces% -\gdef\tablex #1^^M{% -\tabley\dontindex#1 \endtabley}} - -\def\ftable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\ftablex} -{\obeylines\obeyspaces% -\gdef\ftablex #1^^M{% -\tabley\fnitemindex#1 \endtabley -\def\Eftable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% -\let\Etable=\relax}} - -\def\vtable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\vtablex} -{\obeylines\obeyspaces% -\gdef\vtablex #1^^M{% -\tabley\vritemindex#1 \endtabley -\def\Evtable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% -\let\Etable=\relax}} - -\def\dontindex #1{} -\def\fnitemindex #1{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}}% -\def\vritemindex #1{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}}% - -{\obeyspaces % -\gdef\tabley#1#2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7\endtabley{\endgroup% -\tablez{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}} - -\def\tablez #1#2#3#4#5#6{% -\aboveenvbreak % -\begingroup % -\def\Edescription{\Etable}% Necessary kludge. -\let\itemindex=#1% -\ifnum 0#3>0 \advance \leftskip by #3\mil \fi % -\ifnum 0#4>0 \tableindent=#4\mil \fi % -\ifnum 0#5>0 \advance \rightskip by #5\mil \fi % -\def\itemfont{#2}% -\itemmax=\tableindent % -\advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin % -\advance \leftskip by \tableindent % -\exdentamount=\tableindent -\parindent = 0pt -\parskip = \smallskipamount -\ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi% -\def\Etable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% -\let\item = \internalBitem % -\let\itemx = \internalBitemx % -\let\kitem = \internalBkitem % -\let\kitemx = \internalBkitemx % -\let\xitem = \internalBxitem % -\let\xitemx = \internalBxitemx % -} - -% This is the counter used by @enumerate, which is really @itemize - -\newcount \itemno - -\def\itemize{\parsearg\itemizezzz} - -\def\itemizezzz #1{% - \begingroup % ended by the @end itemize - \itemizey {#1}{\Eitemize} -} - -\def\itemizey #1#2{% -\aboveenvbreak % -\itemmax=\itemindent % -\advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin % -\advance \leftskip by \itemindent % -\exdentamount=\itemindent -\parindent = 0pt % -\parskip = \smallskipamount % -\ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi% -\def#2{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% -\def\itemcontents{#1}% -\let\item=\itemizeitem} - -% \splitoff TOKENS\endmark defines \first to be the first token in -% TOKENS, and \rest to be the remainder. -% -\def\splitoff#1#2\endmark{\def\first{#1}\def\rest{#2}}% - -% Allow an optional argument of an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, -% or number, to specify the first label in the enumerated list. No -% argument is the same as `1'. -% -\def\enumerate{\parsearg\enumeratezzz} -\def\enumeratezzz #1{\enumeratey #1 \endenumeratey} -\def\enumeratey #1 #2\endenumeratey{% - \begingroup % ended by the @end enumerate - % - % If we were given no argument, pretend we were given `1'. - \def\thearg{#1}% - \ifx\thearg\empty \def\thearg{1}\fi - % - % Detect if the argument is a single token. If so, it might be a - % letter. Otherwise, the only valid thing it can be is a number. - % (We will always have one token, because of the test we just made. - % This is a good thing, since \splitoff doesn't work given nothing at - % all -- the first parameter is undelimited.) - \expandafter\splitoff\thearg\endmark - \ifx\rest\empty - % Only one token in the argument. It could still be anything. - % A ``lowercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is nonzero. - % An ``uppercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is both nonzero, and - % not equal to itself. - % Otherwise, we assume it's a number. - % - % We need the \relax at the end of the \ifnum lines to stop TeX from - % continuing to look for a . - % - \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=0\relax - \numericenumerate % a number (we hope) - \else - % It's a letter. - \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=\expandafter`\thearg\relax - \lowercaseenumerate % lowercase letter - \else - \uppercaseenumerate % uppercase letter - \fi - \fi - \else - % Multiple tokens in the argument. We hope it's a number. - \numericenumerate - \fi -} - -% An @enumerate whose labels are integers. The starting integer is -% given in \thearg. -% -\def\numericenumerate{% - \itemno = \thearg - \startenumeration{\the\itemno}% -} - -% The starting (lowercase) letter is in \thearg. -\def\lowercaseenumerate{% - \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg - \startenumeration{% - % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet. - \ifnum\itemno=0 - \errmessage{No more lowercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger - alphabet}% - \fi - \char\lccode\itemno - }% -} - -% The starting (uppercase) letter is in \thearg. -\def\uppercaseenumerate{% - \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg - \startenumeration{% - % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet. - \ifnum\itemno=0 - \errmessage{No more uppercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger - alphabet} - \fi - \char\uccode\itemno - }% -} - -% Call itemizey, adding a period to the first argument and supplying the -% common last two arguments. Also subtract one from the initial value in -% \itemno, since @item increments \itemno. -% -\def\startenumeration#1{% - \advance\itemno by -1 - \itemizey{#1.}\Eenumerate\flushcr -} - -% @alphaenumerate and @capsenumerate are abbreviations for giving an arg -% to @enumerate. -% -\def\alphaenumerate{\enumerate{a}} -\def\capsenumerate{\enumerate{A}} -\def\Ealphaenumerate{\Eenumerate} -\def\Ecapsenumerate{\Eenumerate} - -% Definition of @item while inside @itemize. - -\def\itemizeitem{% -\advance\itemno by 1 -{\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}% -\ifhmode \errmessage{In hmode at itemizeitem}\fi -{\parskip=0in \hskip 0pt -\hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents\hskip \itemmargin}% -\vadjust{\penalty 1200}}% -\flushcr} - -% @multitable macros -% Amy Hendrickson, 8/18/94, 3/6/96 -% -% @multitable ... @end multitable will make as many columns as desired. -% Contents of each column will wrap at width given in preamble. Width -% can be specified either with sample text given in a template line, -% or in percent of \hsize, the current width of text on page. - -% Table can continue over pages but will only break between lines. - -% To make preamble: -% -% Either define widths of columns in terms of percent of \hsize: -% @multitable @columnfractions .25 .3 .45 -% @item ... -% -% Numbers following @columnfractions are the percent of the total -% current hsize to be used for each column. You may use as many -% columns as desired. - - -% Or use a template: -% @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template} -% @item ... -% using the widest term desired in each column. -% -% For those who want to use more than one line's worth of words in -% the preamble, break the line within one argument and it -% will parse correctly, i.e., -% -% @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 -% template} -% Not: -% @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} -% {Column 3 template} - -% Each new table line starts with @item, each subsequent new column -% starts with @tab. Empty columns may be produced by supplying @tab's -% with nothing between them for as many times as empty columns are needed, -% ie, @tab@tab@tab will produce two empty columns. - -% @item, @tab, @multitable or @end multitable do not need to be on their -% own lines, but it will not hurt if they are. - -% Sample multitable: - -% @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template} -% @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff @tab third col -% @item -% first col stuff -% @tab -% second col stuff -% @tab -% third col -% @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff -% @tab Many paragraphs of text may be used in any column. -% -% They will wrap at the width determined by the template. -% @item@tab@tab This will be in third column. -% @end multitable - -% Default dimensions may be reset by user. -% @multitableparskip is vertical space between paragraphs in table. -% @multitableparindent is paragraph indent in table. -% @multitablecolmargin is horizontal space to be left between columns. -% @multitablelinespace is space to leave between table items, baseline -% to baseline. -% 0pt means it depends on current normal line spacing. -% -\newskip\multitableparskip -\newskip\multitableparindent -\newdimen\multitablecolspace -\newskip\multitablelinespace -\multitableparskip=0pt -\multitableparindent=6pt -\multitablecolspace=12pt -\multitablelinespace=0pt - -% Macros used to set up halign preamble: -% -\let\endsetuptable\relax -\def\xendsetuptable{\endsetuptable} -\let\columnfractions\relax -\def\xcolumnfractions{\columnfractions} -\newif\ifsetpercent - -% #1 is the part of the @columnfraction before the decimal point, which -% is presumably either 0 or the empty string (but we don't check, we -% just throw it away). #2 is the decimal part, which we use as the -% percent of \hsize for this column. -\def\pickupwholefraction#1.#2 {% - \global\advance\colcount by 1 - \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{.#2\hsize}% - \setuptable -} - -\newcount\colcount -\def\setuptable#1{% - \def\firstarg{#1}% - \ifx\firstarg\xendsetuptable - \let\go = \relax - \else - \ifx\firstarg\xcolumnfractions - \global\setpercenttrue - \else - \ifsetpercent - \let\go\pickupwholefraction - \else - \global\advance\colcount by 1 - \setbox0=\hbox{#1\unskip\space}% Add a normal word space as a - % separator; typically that is always in the input, anyway. - \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{\the\wd0}% - \fi - \fi - \ifx\go\pickupwholefraction - % Put the argument back for the \pickupwholefraction call, so - % we'll always have a period there to be parsed. - \def\go{\pickupwholefraction#1}% - \else - \let\go = \setuptable - \fi% - \fi - \go -} - -% @multitable ... @end multitable definitions: -% -\def\multitable{\parsearg\dotable} -\def\dotable#1{\bgroup - \vskip\parskip - \let\item=\crcrwithfootnotes - % A \tab used to include \hskip1sp. But then the space in a template - % line is not enough. That is bad. So let's go back to just & until - % we encounter the problem it was intended to solve again. --karl, - % nathan@acm.org, 20apr99. - \let\tab=&% - \let\startfootins=\startsavedfootnote - \tolerance=9500 - \hbadness=9500 - \setmultitablespacing - \parskip=\multitableparskip - \parindent=\multitableparindent - \overfullrule=0pt - \global\colcount=0 - \def\Emultitable{% - \global\setpercentfalse - \crcrwithfootnotes\crcr - \egroup\egroup - }% - % - % To parse everything between @multitable and @item: - \setuptable#1 \endsetuptable - % - % \everycr will reset column counter, \colcount, at the end of - % each line. Every column entry will cause \colcount to advance by one. - % The table preamble - % looks at the current \colcount to find the correct column width. - \everycr{\noalign{% - % - % \filbreak%% keeps underfull box messages off when table breaks over pages. - % Maybe so, but it also creates really weird page breaks when the table - % breaks over pages. Wouldn't \vfil be better? Wait until the problem - % manifests itself, so it can be fixed for real --karl. - \global\colcount=0\relax}}% - % - % This preamble sets up a generic column definition, which will - % be used as many times as user calls for columns. - % \vtop will set a single line and will also let text wrap and - % continue for many paragraphs if desired. - \halign\bgroup&\global\advance\colcount by 1\relax - \multistrut\vtop{\hsize=\expandafter\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname - % - % In order to keep entries from bumping into each other - % we will add a \leftskip of \multitablecolspace to all columns after - % the first one. - % - % If a template has been used, we will add \multitablecolspace - % to the width of each template entry. - % - % If the user has set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize we will - % use that dimension as the width of the column, and the \leftskip - % will keep entries from bumping into each other. Table will start at - % left margin and final column will justify at right margin. - % - % Make sure we don't inherit \rightskip from the outer environment. - \rightskip=0pt - \ifnum\colcount=1 - % The first column will be indented with the surrounding text. - \advance\hsize by\leftskip - \else - \ifsetpercent \else - % If user has not set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize - % we will advance \hsize by \multitablecolspace. - \advance\hsize by \multitablecolspace - \fi - % In either case we will make \leftskip=\multitablecolspace: - \leftskip=\multitablecolspace - \fi - % Ignoring space at the beginning and end avoids an occasional spurious - % blank line, when TeX decides to break the line at the space before the - % box from the multistrut, so the strut ends up on a line by itself. - % For example: - % @multitable @columnfractions .11 .89 - % @item @code{#} - % @tab Legal holiday which is valid in major parts of the whole country. - % Is automatically provided with highlighting sequences respectively marking - % characters. - \noindent\ignorespaces##\unskip\multistrut}\cr -} - -\def\setmultitablespacing{% test to see if user has set \multitablelinespace. -% If so, do nothing. If not, give it an appropriate dimension based on -% current baselineskip. -\ifdim\multitablelinespace=0pt -\setbox0=\vbox{X}\global\multitablelinespace=\the\baselineskip -\global\advance\multitablelinespace by-\ht0 -%% strut to put in table in case some entry doesn't have descenders, -%% to keep lines equally spaced -\let\multistrut = \strut -\else -%% FIXME: what is \box0 supposed to be? -\gdef\multistrut{\vrule height\multitablelinespace depth\dp0 -width0pt\relax} \fi -%% Test to see if parskip is larger than space between lines of -%% table. If not, do nothing. -%% If so, set to same dimension as multitablelinespace. -\ifdim\multitableparskip>\multitablelinespace -\global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace -\global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller - %% than skip between lines in the table. -\fi% -\ifdim\multitableparskip=0pt -\global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace -\global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller - %% than skip between lines in the table. -\fi} - -% In case a @footnote appears inside an alignment, save the footnote -% text to a box and make the \insert when a row of the table is -% finished. Otherwise, the insertion is lost, it never migrates to the -% main vertical list. --kasal, 22jan03. -% -\newbox\savedfootnotes -% -% \dotable \let's \startfootins to this, so that \dofootnote will call -% it instead of starting the insertion right away. -\def\startsavedfootnote{% - \global\setbox\savedfootnotes = \vbox\bgroup - \unvbox\savedfootnotes -} -\def\crcrwithfootnotes{% - \crcr - \ifvoid\savedfootnotes \else - \noalign{\insert\footins{\box\savedfootnotes}}% - \fi -} - -\message{conditionals,} -% Prevent errors for section commands. -% Used in @ignore and in failing conditionals. -\def\ignoresections{% - \let\chapter=\relax - \let\unnumbered=\relax - \let\top=\relax - \let\unnumberedsec=\relax - \let\unnumberedsection=\relax - \let\unnumberedsubsec=\relax - \let\unnumberedsubsection=\relax - \let\unnumberedsubsubsec=\relax - \let\unnumberedsubsubsection=\relax - \let\section=\relax - \let\subsec=\relax - \let\subsubsec=\relax - \let\subsection=\relax - \let\subsubsection=\relax - \let\appendix=\relax - \let\appendixsec=\relax - \let\appendixsection=\relax - \let\appendixsubsec=\relax - \let\appendixsubsection=\relax - \let\appendixsubsubsec=\relax - \let\appendixsubsubsection=\relax - \let\contents=\relax - \let\smallbook=\relax - \let\titlepage=\relax -} - -% Used in nested conditionals, where we have to parse the Texinfo source -% and so want to turn off most commands, in case they are used -% incorrectly. -% -% We use \empty instead of \relax for the @def... commands, so that \end -% doesn't throw an error. For instance: -% @ignore -% @deffn ... -% @end deffn -% @end ignore -% -% The @end deffn is going to get expanded, because we're trying to allow -% nested conditionals. But we don't want to expand the actual @deffn, -% since it might be syntactically correct and intended to be ignored. -% Since \end checks for \relax, using \empty does not cause an error. -% -\def\ignoremorecommands{% - \let\defcodeindex = \relax - \let\defcv = \empty - \let\defcvx = \empty - \let\Edefcv = \empty - \let\deffn = \empty - \let\deffnx = \empty - \let\Edeffn = \empty - \let\defindex = \relax - \let\defivar = \empty - \let\defivarx = \empty - \let\Edefivar = \empty - \let\defmac = \empty - \let\defmacx = \empty - \let\Edefmac = \empty - \let\defmethod = \empty - \let\defmethodx = \empty - \let\Edefmethod = \empty - \let\defop = \empty - \let\defopx = \empty - \let\Edefop = \empty - \let\defopt = \empty - \let\defoptx = \empty - \let\Edefopt = \empty - \let\defspec = \empty - \let\defspecx = \empty - \let\Edefspec = \empty - \let\deftp = \empty - \let\deftpx = \empty - \let\Edeftp = \empty - \let\deftypefn = \empty - \let\deftypefnx = \empty - \let\Edeftypefn = \empty - \let\deftypefun = \empty - \let\deftypefunx = \empty - \let\Edeftypefun = \empty - \let\deftypeivar = \empty - \let\deftypeivarx = \empty - \let\Edeftypeivar = \empty - \let\deftypemethod = \empty - \let\deftypemethodx = \empty - \let\Edeftypemethod = \empty - \let\deftypeop = \empty - \let\deftypeopx = \empty - \let\Edeftypeop = \empty - \let\deftypevar = \empty - \let\deftypevarx = \empty - \let\Edeftypevar = \empty - \let\deftypevr = \empty - \let\deftypevrx = \empty - \let\Edeftypevr = \empty - \let\defun = \empty - \let\defunx = \empty - \let\Edefun = \empty - \let\defvar = \empty - \let\defvarx = \empty - \let\Edefvar = \empty - \let\defvr = \empty - \let\defvrx = \empty - \let\Edefvr = \empty - \let\clear = \relax - \let\down = \relax - \let\evenfooting = \relax - \let\evenheading = \relax - \let\everyfooting = \relax - \let\everyheading = \relax - \let\headings = \relax - \let\include = \relax - \let\item = \relax - \let\lowersections = \relax - \let\oddfooting = \relax - \let\oddheading = \relax - \let\printindex = \relax - \let\pxref = \relax - \let\raisesections = \relax - \let\ref = \relax - \let\set = \relax - \let\setchapternewpage = \relax - \let\setchapterstyle = \relax - \let\settitle = \relax - \let\up = \relax - \let\verbatiminclude = \relax - \let\xref = \relax -} - -% Ignore @ignore, @ifhtml, @ifinfo, and the like. -% -\def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}} -\def\documentdescriptionword{documentdescription} -\def\documentdescription{\doignore{documentdescription}} -\def\html{\doignore{html}} -\def\ifhtml{\doignore{ifhtml}} -\def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}} -\def\ifnottex{\doignore{ifnottex}} -\def\ifplaintext{\doignore{ifplaintext}} -\def\ifxml{\doignore{ifxml}} -\def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}} -\def\menu{\doignore{menu}} -\def\xml{\doignore{xml}} - -% @dircategory CATEGORY -- specify a category of the dir file -% which this file should belong to. Ignore this in TeX. -\let\dircategory = \comment - -% Ignore text until a line `@end #1'. -% -\def\doignore#1{\begingroup - % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer. - \ignoresections - % - % Define a command to swallow text until we reach `@end #1'. - % This @ is a catcode 12 token (that is the normal catcode of @ in - % this texinfo.tex file). We change the catcode of @ below to match. - \long\def\doignoretext##1@end #1{\enddoignore}% - % - % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants. - \catcode\spaceChar = 10 - % - % Ignore braces, too, so mismatched braces don't cause trouble. - \catcode`\{ = 9 - \catcode`\} = 9 - % - % We must not have @c interpreted as a control sequence. - \catcode`\@ = 12 - % - \def\ignoreword{#1}% - \ifx\ignoreword\documentdescriptionword - % The c kludge breaks documentdescription, since - % `documentdescription' contains a `c'. Means not everything will - % be ignored inside @documentdescription, but oh well... - \else - % Make the letter c a comment character so that the rest of the line - % will be ignored. This way, the document can have (for example) - % @c @end ifinfo - % and the @end ifinfo will be properly ignored. - % (We've just changed @ to catcode 12.) - \catcode`\c = 14 - \fi - % - % And now expand the command defined above. - \doignoretext -} - -% What we do to finish off ignored text. -% -\def\enddoignore{\endgroup\ignorespaces}% - -\newif\ifwarnedobs\warnedobsfalse -\def\obstexwarn{% - \ifwarnedobs\relax\else - % We need to warn folks that they may have trouble with TeX 3.0. - % This uses \immediate\write16 rather than \message to get newlines. - \immediate\write16{} - \immediate\write16{WARNING: for users of Unix TeX 3.0!} - \immediate\write16{This manual trips a bug in TeX version 3.0 (tex hangs).} - \immediate\write16{If you are running another version of TeX, relax.} - \immediate\write16{If you are running Unix TeX 3.0, kill this TeX process.} - \immediate\write16{ Then upgrade your TeX installation if you can.} - \immediate\write16{ (See ftp://ftp.gnu.org/non-gnu/TeX.README.)} - \immediate\write16{If you are stuck with version 3.0, run the} - \immediate\write16{ script ``tex3patch'' from the Texinfo distribution} - \immediate\write16{ to use a workaround.} - \immediate\write16{} - \global\warnedobstrue - \fi -} - -% **In TeX 3.0, setting text in \nullfont hangs tex. For a -% workaround (which requires the file ``dummy.tfm'' to be installed), -% uncomment the following line: -%%%%%\font\nullfont=dummy\let\obstexwarn=\relax - -% Ignore text, except that we keep track of conditional commands for -% purposes of nesting, up to an `@end #1' command. -% -\def\nestedignore#1{% - \obstexwarn - % We must actually expand the ignored text to look for the @end - % command, so that nested ignore constructs work. Thus, we put the - % text into a \vbox and then do nothing with the result. To minimize - % the chance of memory overflow, we follow the approach outlined on - % page 401 of the TeXbook. - % - \setbox0 = \vbox\bgroup - % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer. - \ignoresections - % - % Define `@end #1' to end the box, which will in turn undefine the - % @end command again. - \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\egroup\ignorespaces}% - % - % We are going to be parsing Texinfo commands. Most cause no - % trouble when they are used incorrectly, but some commands do - % complicated argument parsing or otherwise get confused, so we - % undefine them. - % - % We can't do anything about stray @-signs, unfortunately; - % they'll produce `undefined control sequence' errors. - \ignoremorecommands - % - % Set the current font to be \nullfont, a TeX primitive, and define - % all the font commands to also use \nullfont. We don't use - % dummy.tfm, as suggested in the TeXbook, because some sites - % might not have that installed. Therefore, math mode will still - % produce output, but that should be an extremely small amount of - % stuff compared to the main input. - % - \nullfont - \let\tenrm=\nullfont \let\tenit=\nullfont \let\tensl=\nullfont - \let\tenbf=\nullfont \let\tentt=\nullfont \let\smallcaps=\nullfont - \let\tensf=\nullfont - % Similarly for index fonts. - \let\smallrm=\nullfont \let\smallit=\nullfont \let\smallsl=\nullfont - \let\smallbf=\nullfont \let\smalltt=\nullfont \let\smallsc=\nullfont - \let\smallsf=\nullfont - % Similarly for smallexample fonts. - \let\smallerrm=\nullfont \let\smallerit=\nullfont \let\smallersl=\nullfont - \let\smallerbf=\nullfont \let\smallertt=\nullfont \let\smallersc=\nullfont - \let\smallersf=\nullfont - % - % Don't complain when characters are missing from the fonts. - \tracinglostchars = 0 - % - % Don't bother to do space factor calculations. - \frenchspacing - % - % Don't report underfull hboxes. - \hbadness = 10000 - % - % Do minimal line-breaking. - \pretolerance = 10000 - % - % Do not execute instructions in @tex. - \def\tex{\doignore{tex}}% - % Do not execute macro definitions. - % `c' is a comment character, so the word `macro' will get cut off. - \def\macro{\doignore{ma}}% -} - -% @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value. -% @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE. -% -% Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be -% empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our -% own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we -% didn't need it. Make sure the catcode of space is correct to avoid -% losing inside @example, for instance. -% -\def\set{\begingroup\catcode` =10 - \catcode`\-=12 \catcode`\_=12 % Allow - and _ in VAR. - \parsearg\setxxx} -\def\setxxx#1{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy} -\def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{% - \def\temp{#2}% - \ifx\temp\empty \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname = \empty - \else \setzzz{#1}#2\endsetzzz % Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted. - \fi - \endgroup -} -% Can't use \xdef to pre-expand #2 and save some time, since \temp or -% \next or other control sequences that we've defined might get us into -% an infinite loop. Consider `@set foo @cite{bar}'. -\def\setzzz#1#2 \endsetzzz{\expandafter\gdef\csname SET#1\endcsname{#2}} - -% @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR. -% -\def\clear{\parsearg\clearxxx} -\def\clearxxx#1{\global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax} - -% @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo. -{ - \catcode`\_ = \active - % - % We might end up with active _ or - characters in the argument if - % we're called from @code, as @code{@value{foo-bar_}}. So \let any - % such active characters to their normal equivalents. - \gdef\value{\begingroup - \catcode`\-=\other \catcode`\_=\other - \indexbreaks \let_\normalunderscore - \valuexxx} -} -\def\valuexxx#1{\expandablevalue{#1}\endgroup} - -% We have this subroutine so that we can handle at least some @value's -% properly in indexes (we \let\value to this in \indexdummies). Ones -% whose names contain - or _ still won't work, but we can't do anything -% about that. The command has to be fully expandable (if the variable -% is set), since the result winds up in the index file. This means that -% if the variable's value contains other Texinfo commands, it's almost -% certain it will fail (although perhaps we could fix that with -% sufficient work to do a one-level expansion on the result, instead of -% complete). -% -\def\expandablevalue#1{% - \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax - {[No value for ``#1'']}% - \message{Variable `#1', used in @value, is not set.}% - \else - \csname SET#1\endcsname - \fi -} - -% @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined -% with @set. -% -\def\ifset{\parsearg\doifset} -\def\doifset#1{% - \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax - \let\next=\ifsetfail - \else - \let\next=\ifsetsucceed - \fi - \next -} -\def\ifsetsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifset}} -\def\ifsetfail{\nestedignore{ifset}} -\defineunmatchedend{ifset} - -% @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been -% defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear. -% -\def\ifclear{\parsearg\doifclear} -\def\doifclear#1{% - \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax - \let\next=\ifclearsucceed - \else - \let\next=\ifclearfail - \fi - \next -} -\def\ifclearsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifclear}} -\def\ifclearfail{\nestedignore{ifclear}} -\defineunmatchedend{ifclear} - -% @iftex, @ifnothtml, @ifnotinfo, @ifnotplaintext always succeed; we -% read the text following, through the first @end iftex (etc.). Make -% `@end iftex' (etc.) valid only after an @iftex. -% -\def\iftex{\conditionalsucceed{iftex}} -\def\ifnothtml{\conditionalsucceed{ifnothtml}} -\def\ifnotinfo{\conditionalsucceed{ifnotinfo}} -\def\ifnotplaintext{\conditionalsucceed{ifnotplaintext}} -\defineunmatchedend{iftex} -\defineunmatchedend{ifnothtml} -\defineunmatchedend{ifnotinfo} -\defineunmatchedend{ifnotplaintext} - -% True conditional. Since \set globally defines its variables, we can -% just start and end a group (to keep the @end definition undefined at -% the outer level). -% -\def\conditionalsucceed#1{\begingroup - \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\endgroup}% -} - -% @defininfoenclose. -\let\definfoenclose=\comment - - -\message{indexing,} -% Index generation facilities - -% Define \newwrite to be identical to plain tex's \newwrite -% except not \outer, so it can be used within \newindex. -{\catcode`\@=11 -\gdef\newwrite{\alloc@7\write\chardef\sixt@@n}} - -% \newindex {foo} defines an index named foo. -% It automatically defines \fooindex such that -% \fooindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index foo. -% It also defines \fooindfile to be the number of the output channel for -% the file that accumulates this index. The file's extension is foo. -% The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long -% for the sake of vms. -% -\def\newindex#1{% - \iflinks - \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname - \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file - \fi - \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define @#1index - \noexpand\doindex{#1}} -} - -% @defindex foo == \newindex{foo} -% -\def\defindex{\parsearg\newindex} - -% Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code. -% -\def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex} -% -\def\newcodeindex#1{% - \iflinks - \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname - \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 - \fi - \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% - \noexpand\docodeindex{#1}}% -} - - -% @synindex foo bar makes index foo feed into index bar. -% Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index. -% -% @syncodeindex foo bar similar, but put all entries made for index foo -% inside @code. -% -\def\synindex#1 #2 {\dosynindex\doindex{#1}{#2}} -\def\syncodeindex#1 #2 {\dosynindex\docodeindex{#1}{#2}} - -% #1 is \doindex or \docodeindex, #2 the index getting redefined (foo), -% #3 the target index (bar). -\def\dosynindex#1#2#3{% - % Only do \closeout if we haven't already done it, else we'll end up - % closing the target index. - \expandafter \ifx\csname donesynindex#2\endcsname \undefined - % The \closeout helps reduce unnecessary open files; the limit on the - % Acorn RISC OS is a mere 16 files. - \expandafter\closeout\csname#2indfile\endcsname - \expandafter\let\csname\donesynindex#2\endcsname = 1 - \fi - % redefine \fooindfile: - \expandafter\let\expandafter\temp\expandafter=\csname#3indfile\endcsname - \expandafter\let\csname#2indfile\endcsname=\temp - % redefine \fooindex: - \expandafter\xdef\csname#2index\endcsname{\noexpand#1{#3}}% -} - -% Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros. -% Argument #1 is generated by the calling \fooindex macro, -% and it is "foo", the name of the index. - -% \doindex just uses \parsearg; it calls \doind for the actual work. -% This is because \doind is more useful to call from other macros. - -% There is also \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic} -% which makes an entry in a two-level index such as the operation index. - -\def\doindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singleindexer} -\def\singleindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{#1}} - -% like the previous two, but they put @code around the argument. -\def\docodeindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singlecodeindexer} -\def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}} - -% Take care of Texinfo commands that can appear in an index entry. -% Since there are some commands we want to expand, and others we don't, -% we have to laboriously prevent expansion for those that we don't. -% -\def\indexdummies{% - \def\@{@}% change to @@ when we switch to @ as escape char in index files. - \def\ {\realbackslash\space }% - % Need these in case \tex is in effect and \{ is a \delimiter again. - % But can't use \lbracecmd and \rbracecmd because texindex assumes - % braces and backslashes are used only as delimiters. - \let\{ = \mylbrace - \let\} = \myrbrace - % - % \definedummyword defines \#1 as \realbackslash #1\space, thus - % effectively preventing its expansion. This is used only for control - % words, not control letters, because the \space would be incorrect - % for control characters, but is needed to separate the control word - % from whatever follows. - % - % For control letters, we have \definedummyletter, which omits the - % space. - % - % These can be used both for control words that take an argument and - % those that do not. If it is followed by {arg} in the input, then - % that will dutifully get written to the index (or wherever). - % - \def\definedummyword##1{% - \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{\realbackslash ##1\space}% - }% - \def\definedummyletter##1{% - \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{\realbackslash ##1}% - }% - % - % Do the redefinitions. - \commondummies -} - -% For the aux file, @ is the escape character. So we want to redefine -% everything using @ instead of \realbackslash. When everything uses -% @, this will be simpler. -% -\def\atdummies{% - \def\@{@@}% - \def\ {@ }% - \let\{ = \lbraceatcmd - \let\} = \rbraceatcmd - % - % (See comments in \indexdummies.) - \def\definedummyword##1{% - \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{@##1\space}% - }% - \def\definedummyletter##1{% - \expandafter\def\csname ##1\endcsname{@##1}% - }% - % - % Do the redefinitions. - \commondummies -} - -% Called from \indexdummies and \atdummies. \definedummyword and -% \definedummyletter must be defined first. -% -\def\commondummies{% - % - \normalturnoffactive - % - % Control letters and accents. - \definedummyletter{_}% - \definedummyletter{,}% - \definedummyletter{"}% - \definedummyletter{`}% - \definedummyletter{'}% - \definedummyletter{^}% - \definedummyletter{~}% - \definedummyletter{=}% - \definedummyword{u}% - \definedummyword{v}% - \definedummyword{H}% - \definedummyword{dotaccent}% - \definedummyword{ringaccent}% - \definedummyword{tieaccent}% - \definedummyword{ubaraccent}% - \definedummyword{udotaccent}% - \definedummyword{dotless}% - % - % Other non-English letters. - \definedummyword{AA}% - \definedummyword{AE}% - \definedummyword{L}% - \definedummyword{OE}% - \definedummyword{O}% - \definedummyword{aa}% - \definedummyword{ae}% - \definedummyword{l}% - \definedummyword{oe}% - \definedummyword{o}% - \definedummyword{ss}% - % - % Although these internal commands shouldn't show up, sometimes they do. - \definedummyword{bf}% - \definedummyword{gtr}% - \definedummyword{hat}% - \definedummyword{less}% - \definedummyword{sf}% - \definedummyword{sl}% - \definedummyword{tclose}% - \definedummyword{tt}% - % - % Texinfo font commands. - \definedummyword{b}% - \definedummyword{i}% - \definedummyword{r}% - \definedummyword{sc}% - \definedummyword{t}% - % - \definedummyword{TeX}% - \definedummyword{acronym}% - \definedummyword{cite}% - \definedummyword{code}% - \definedummyword{command}% - \definedummyword{dfn}% - \definedummyword{dots}% - \definedummyword{emph}% - \definedummyword{env}% - \definedummyword{file}% - \definedummyword{kbd}% - \definedummyword{key}% - \definedummyword{math}% - \definedummyword{option}% - \definedummyword{samp}% - \definedummyword{strong}% - \definedummyword{uref}% - \definedummyword{url}% - \definedummyword{var}% - \definedummyword{w}% - % - % Assorted special characters. - \definedummyword{bullet}% - \definedummyword{copyright}% - \definedummyword{dots}% - \definedummyword{enddots}% - \definedummyword{equiv}% - \definedummyword{error}% - \definedummyword{expansion}% - \definedummyword{minus}% - \definedummyword{pounds}% - \definedummyword{point}% - \definedummyword{print}% - \definedummyword{result}% - % - % Handle some cases of @value -- where the variable name does not - % contain - or _, and the value does not contain any - % (non-fully-expandable) commands. - \let\value = \expandablevalue - % - % Normal spaces, not active ones. - \unsepspaces - % - % No macro expansion. - \turnoffmacros -} - -% If an index command is used in an @example environment, any spaces -% therein should become regular spaces in the raw index file, not the -% expansion of \tie (\leavevmode \penalty \@M \ ). -{\obeyspaces - \gdef\unsepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\space}} - - -% \indexnofonts is used when outputting the strings to sort the index -% by, and when constructing control sequence names. It eliminates all -% control sequences and just writes whatever the best ASCII sort string -% would be for a given command (usually its argument). -% -\def\indexdummytex{TeX} -\def\indexdummydots{...} -% -\def\indexnofonts{% - \def\ { }% - \def\@{@}% - % how to handle braces? - \def\_{\normalunderscore}% - % - \let\,=\asis - \let\"=\asis - \let\`=\asis - \let\'=\asis - \let\^=\asis - \let\~=\asis - \let\==\asis - \let\u=\asis - \let\v=\asis - \let\H=\asis - \let\dotaccent=\asis - \let\ringaccent=\asis - \let\tieaccent=\asis - \let\ubaraccent=\asis - \let\udotaccent=\asis - \let\dotless=\asis - % - % Other non-English letters. - \def\AA{AA}% - \def\AE{AE}% - \def\L{L}% - \def\OE{OE}% - \def\O{O}% - \def\aa{aa}% - \def\ae{ae}% - \def\l{l}% - \def\oe{oe}% - \def\o{o}% - \def\ss{ss}% - \def\exclamdown{!}% - \def\questiondown{?}% - % - % Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command - % and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |, etc. - % Likewise with the other plain tex font commands. - %\let\tt=\asis - % - % Texinfo font commands. - \let\b=\asis - \let\i=\asis - \let\r=\asis - \let\sc=\asis - \let\t=\asis - % - \let\TeX=\indexdummytex - \let\acronym=\asis - \let\cite=\asis - \let\code=\asis - \let\command=\asis - \let\dfn=\asis - \let\dots=\indexdummydots - \let\emph=\asis - \let\env=\asis - \let\file=\asis - \let\kbd=\asis - \let\key=\asis - \let\math=\asis - \let\option=\asis - \let\samp=\asis - \let\strong=\asis - \let\uref=\asis - \let\url=\asis - \let\var=\asis - \let\w=\asis -} - -\let\indexbackslash=0 %overridden during \printindex. -\let\SETmarginindex=\relax % put index entries in margin (undocumented)? - -% For \ifx comparisons. -\def\emptymacro{\empty} - -% Most index entries go through here, but \dosubind is the general case. -% -\def\doind#1#2{\dosubind{#1}{#2}\empty} - -% Workhorse for all \fooindexes. -% #1 is name of index, #2 is stuff to put there, #3 is subentry -- -% \empty if called from \doind, as we usually are. The main exception -% is with defuns, which call us directly. -% -\def\dosubind#1#2#3{% - % Put the index entry in the margin if desired. - \ifx\SETmarginindex\relax\else - \insert\margin{\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width0pt #2}}% - \fi - {% - \count255=\lastpenalty - {% - \indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage - \escapechar=`\\ - {% - \let\folio = 0% We will expand all macros now EXCEPT \folio. - \def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now - % so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash. - % - % The main index entry text. - \toks0 = {#2}% - % - % If third arg is present, precede it with space in sort key. - \def\thirdarg{#3}% - \ifx\thirdarg\emptymacro \else - % If the third (subentry) arg is present, add it to the index - % line to write. - \toks0 = \expandafter{\the\toks0 \space #3}% - \fi - % - % Process the index entry with all font commands turned off, to - % get the string to sort by. - {\indexnofonts - \edef\temp{\the\toks0}% need full expansion - \xdef\indexsorttmp{\temp}% - }% - % - % Set up the complete index entry, with both the sort key and - % the original text, including any font commands. We write - % three arguments to \entry to the .?? file (four in the - % subentry case), texindex reduces to two when writing the .??s - % sorted result. - \edef\temp{% - \write\csname#1indfile\endcsname{% - \realbackslash entry{\indexsorttmp}{\folio}{\the\toks0}}% - }% - % - % If a skip is the last thing on the list now, preserve it - % by backing up by \lastskip, doing the \write, then inserting - % the skip again. Otherwise, the whatsit generated by the - % \write will make \lastskip zero. The result is that sequences - % like this: - % @end defun - % @tindex whatever - % @defun ... - % will have extra space inserted, because the \medbreak in the - % start of the @defun won't see the skip inserted by the @end of - % the previous defun. - % - % But don't do any of this if we're not in vertical mode. We - % don't want to do a \vskip and prematurely end a paragraph. - % - % Avoid page breaks due to these extra skips, too. - % - \iflinks - \ifvmode - \skip0 = \lastskip - \ifdim\lastskip = 0pt \else \nobreak\vskip-\skip0 \fi - \fi - % - \temp % do the write - % - \ifvmode \ifdim\skip0 = 0pt \else \nobreak\vskip\skip0 \fi \fi - \fi - }% - }% - \penalty\count255 - }% -} - -% The index entry written in the file actually looks like -% \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic} -% or -% \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}{subtopic} -% The texindex program reads in these files and writes files -% containing these kinds of lines: -% \initial {c} -% before the first topic whose initial is c -% \entry {topic}{pagelist} -% for a topic that is used without subtopics -% \primary {topic} -% for the beginning of a topic that is used with subtopics -% \secondary {subtopic}{pagelist} -% for each subtopic. - -% Define the user-accessible indexing commands -% @findex, @vindex, @kindex, @cindex. - -\def\findex {\fnindex} -\def\kindex {\kyindex} -\def\cindex {\cpindex} -\def\vindex {\vrindex} -\def\tindex {\tpindex} -\def\pindex {\pgindex} - -\def\cindexsub {\begingroup\obeylines\cindexsub} -{\obeylines % -\gdef\cindexsub "#1" #2^^M{\endgroup % -\dosubind{cp}{#2}{#1}}} - -% Define the macros used in formatting output of the sorted index material. - -% @printindex causes a particular index (the ??s file) to get printed. -% It does not print any chapter heading (usually an @unnumbered). -% -\def\printindex{\parsearg\doprintindex} -\def\doprintindex#1{\begingroup - \dobreak \chapheadingskip{10000}% - % - \smallfonts \rm - \tolerance = 9500 - \indexbreaks - % - % See if the index file exists and is nonempty. - % Change catcode of @ here so that if the index file contains - % \initial {@} - % as its first line, TeX doesn't complain about mismatched braces - % (because it thinks @} is a control sequence). - \catcode`\@ = 11 - \openin 1 \jobname.#1s - \ifeof 1 - % \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index, - % and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the - % index. The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure - % there is some text. - \putwordIndexNonexistent - \else - % - % If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof - % false. We have to make TeX try to read something from the file, so - % it can discover if there is anything in it. - \read 1 to \temp - \ifeof 1 - \putwordIndexIsEmpty - \else - % Index files are almost Texinfo source, but we use \ as the escape - % character. It would be better to use @, but that's too big a change - % to make right now. - \def\indexbackslash{\rawbackslashxx}% - \catcode`\\ = 0 - \escapechar = `\\ - \begindoublecolumns - \input \jobname.#1s - \enddoublecolumns - \fi - \fi - \closein 1 -\endgroup} - -% These macros are used by the sorted index file itself. -% Change them to control the appearance of the index. - -\def\initial#1{{% - % Some minor font changes for the special characters. - \let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt - % - % Remove any glue we may have, we'll be inserting our own. - \removelastskip - % - % We like breaks before the index initials, so insert a bonus. - \penalty -300 - % - % Typeset the initial. Making this add up to a whole number of - % baselineskips increases the chance of the dots lining up from column - % to column. It still won't often be perfect, because of the stretch - % we need before each entry, but it's better. - % - % No shrink because it confuses \balancecolumns. - \vskip 1.67\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip - \leftline{\secbf #1}% - \vskip .33\baselineskip plus .1\baselineskip - % - % Do our best not to break after the initial. - \nobreak -}} - -% This typesets a paragraph consisting of #1, dot leaders, and then #2 -% flush to the right margin. It is used for index and table of contents -% entries. The paragraph is indented by \leftskip. -% -\def\entry#1#2{\begingroup - % - % Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't - % affect previous text. - \par - % - % Do not fill out the last line with white space. - \parfillskip = 0in - % - % No extra space above this paragraph. - \parskip = 0in - % - % Do not prefer a separate line ending with a hyphen to fewer lines. - \finalhyphendemerits = 0 - % - % \hangindent is only relevant when the entry text and page number - % don't both fit on one line. In that case, bob suggests starting the - % dots pretty far over on the line. Unfortunately, a large - % indentation looks wrong when the entry text itself is broken across - % lines. So we use a small indentation and put up with long leaders. - % - % \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start - % of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that. - \hangindent = 2em - % - % When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line - % with blank space. - \rightskip = 0pt plus1fil - % - % A bit of stretch before each entry for the benefit of balancing columns. - \vskip 0pt plus1pt - % - % Start a ``paragraph'' for the index entry so the line breaking - % parameters we've set above will have an effect. - \noindent - % - % Insert the text of the index entry. TeX will do line-breaking on it. - #1% - % The following is kludged to not output a line of dots in the index if - % there are no page numbers. The next person who breaks this will be - % cursed by a Unix daemon. - \def\tempa{{\rm }}% - \def\tempb{#2}% - \edef\tempc{\tempa}% - \edef\tempd{\tempb}% - \ifx\tempc\tempd\ \else% - % - % If we must, put the page number on a line of its own, and fill out - % this line with blank space. (The \hfil is overwhelmed with the - % fill leaders glue in \indexdotfill if the page number does fit.) - \hfil\penalty50 - \null\nobreak\indexdotfill % Have leaders before the page number. - % - % The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as - % part of (the primitive) \par. Without it, a spurious underfull - % \hbox ensues. - \ifpdf - \pdfgettoks#2.\ \the\toksA % The page number ends the paragraph. - \else - \ #2% The page number ends the paragraph. - \fi - \fi% - \par -\endgroup} - -% Like \dotfill except takes at least 1 em. -\def\indexdotfill{\cleaders - \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu ${\it .}$ \mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1fill} - -\def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}} - -\newskip\secondaryindent \secondaryindent=0.5cm -\def\secondary#1#2{{% - \parfillskip=0in - \parskip=0in - \hangindent=1in - \hangafter=1 - \noindent\hskip\secondaryindent\hbox{#1}\indexdotfill - \ifpdf - \pdfgettoks#2.\ \the\toksA % The page number ends the paragraph. - \else - #2 - \fi - \par -}} - -% Define two-column mode, which we use to typeset indexes. -% Adapted from the TeXbook, page 416, which is to say, -% the manmac.tex format used to print the TeXbook itself. -\catcode`\@=11 - -\newbox\partialpage -\newdimen\doublecolumnhsize - -\def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup % ended by \enddoublecolumns - % Grab any single-column material above us. - \output = {% - % - % Here is a possibility not foreseen in manmac: if we accumulate a - % whole lot of material, we might end up calling this \output - % routine twice in a row (see the doublecol-lose test, which is - % essentially a couple of indexes with @setchapternewpage off). In - % that case we just ship out what is in \partialpage with the normal - % output routine. Generally, \partialpage will be empty when this - % runs and this will be a no-op. See the indexspread.tex test case. - \ifvoid\partialpage \else - \onepageout{\pagecontents\partialpage}% - \fi - % - \global\setbox\partialpage = \vbox{% - % Unvbox the main output page. - \unvbox\PAGE - \kern-\topskip \kern\baselineskip - }% - }% - \eject % run that output routine to set \partialpage - % - % Use the double-column output routine for subsequent pages. - \output = {\doublecolumnout}% - % - % Change the page size parameters. We could do this once outside this - % routine, in each of @smallbook, @afourpaper, and the default 8.5x11 - % format, but then we repeat the same computation. Repeating a couple - % of assignments once per index is clearly meaningless for the - % execution time, so we may as well do it in one place. - % - % First we halve the line length, less a little for the gutter between - % the columns. We compute the gutter based on the line length, so it - % changes automatically with the paper format. The magic constant - % below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +-<1pt) - % as it did when we hard-coded it. - % - % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we - % can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially) - % been clobbered. - % - \doublecolumnhsize = \hsize - \advance\doublecolumnhsize by -.04154\hsize - \divide\doublecolumnhsize by 2 - \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize - % - % Double the \vsize as well. (We don't need a separate register here, - % since nobody clobbers \vsize.) - \vsize = 2\vsize -} - -% The double-column output routine for all double-column pages except -% the last. -% -\def\doublecolumnout{% - \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth - % Get the available space for the double columns -- the normal - % (undoubled) page height minus any material left over from the - % previous page. - \dimen@ = \vsize - \divide\dimen@ by 2 - \advance\dimen@ by -\ht\partialpage - % - % box0 will be the left-hand column, box2 the right. - \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ - \onepageout\pagesofar - \unvbox255 - \penalty\outputpenalty -} -% -% Re-output the contents of the output page -- any previous material, -% followed by the two boxes we just split, in box0 and box2. -\def\pagesofar{% - \unvbox\partialpage - % - \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize - \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize - \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}% -} -% -% All done with double columns. -\def\enddoublecolumns{% - \output = {% - % Split the last of the double-column material. Leave it on the - % current page, no automatic page break. - \balancecolumns - % - % If we end up splitting too much material for the current page, - % though, there will be another page break right after this \output - % invocation ends. Having called \balancecolumns once, we do not - % want to call it again. Therefore, reset \output to its normal - % definition right away. (We hope \balancecolumns will never be - % called on to balance too much material, but if it is, this makes - % the output somewhat more palatable.) - \global\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}% - }% - \eject - \endgroup % started in \begindoublecolumns - % - % \pagegoal was set to the doubled \vsize above, since we restarted - % the current page. We're now back to normal single-column - % typesetting, so reset \pagegoal to the normal \vsize (after the - % \endgroup where \vsize got restored). - \pagegoal = \vsize -} -% -% Called at the end of the double column material. -\def\balancecolumns{% - \setbox0 = \vbox{\unvbox255}% like \box255 but more efficient, see p.120. - \dimen@ = \ht0 - \advance\dimen@ by \topskip - \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip - \divide\dimen@ by 2 % target to split to - %debug\message{final 2-column material height=\the\ht0, target=\the\dimen@.}% - \splittopskip = \topskip - % Loop until we get a decent breakpoint. - {% - \vbadness = 10000 - \loop - \global\setbox3 = \copy0 - \global\setbox1 = \vsplit3 to \dimen@ - \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@ - \global\advance\dimen@ by 1pt - \repeat - }% - %debug\message{split to \the\dimen@, column heights: \the\ht1, \the\ht3.}% - \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}% - \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}% - % - \pagesofar -} -\catcode`\@ = \other - - -\message{sectioning,} -% Chapters, sections, etc. - -\newcount\chapno -\newcount\secno \secno=0 -\newcount\subsecno \subsecno=0 -\newcount\subsubsecno \subsubsecno=0 - -% This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ... -\newcount\appendixno \appendixno = `\@ -% \def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno} -% We do the following for the sake of pdftex, which needs the actual -% letter in the expansion, not just typeset. -\def\appendixletter{% - \ifnum\appendixno=`A A% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`B B% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`C C% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`D D% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`E E% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`F F% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`G G% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`H H% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`I I% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`J J% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`K K% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`L L% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`M M% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`N N% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`O O% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`P P% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Q Q% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`R R% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`S S% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`T T% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`U U% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`V V% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`W W% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`X X% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Y Y% - \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Z Z% - % The \the is necessary, despite appearances, because \appendixletter is - % expanded while writing the .toc file. \char\appendixno is not - % expandable, thus it is written literally, thus all appendixes come out - % with the same letter (or @) in the toc without it. - \else\char\the\appendixno - \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi - \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi} - -% Each @chapter defines this as the name of the chapter. -% page headings and footings can use it. @section does likewise. -\def\thischapter{} -\def\thissection{} - -\newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level -\newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raise/lowersections modify this count - -% @raisesections: treat @section as chapter, @subsection as section, etc. -\def\raisesections{\global\advance\secbase by -1} -\let\up=\raisesections % original BFox name - -% @lowersections: treat @chapter as section, @section as subsection, etc. -\def\lowersections{\global\advance\secbase by 1} -\let\down=\lowersections % original BFox name - -% Choose a numbered-heading macro -% #1 is heading level if unmodified by @raisesections or @lowersections -% #2 is text for heading -\def\numhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 -\ifcase\absseclevel - \chapterzzz{#2} -\or - \seczzz{#2} -\or - \numberedsubseczzz{#2} -\or - \numberedsubsubseczzz{#2} -\else - \ifnum \absseclevel<0 - \chapterzzz{#2} - \else - \numberedsubsubseczzz{#2} - \fi -\fi -} - -% like \numhead, but chooses appendix heading levels -\def\apphead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 -\ifcase\absseclevel - \appendixzzz{#2} -\or - \appendixsectionzzz{#2} -\or - \appendixsubseczzz{#2} -\or - \appendixsubsubseczzz{#2} -\else - \ifnum \absseclevel<0 - \appendixzzz{#2} - \else - \appendixsubsubseczzz{#2} - \fi -\fi -} - -% like \numhead, but chooses numberless heading levels -\def\unnmhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 -\ifcase\absseclevel - \unnumberedzzz{#2} -\or - \unnumberedseczzz{#2} -\or - \unnumberedsubseczzz{#2} -\or - \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2} -\else - \ifnum \absseclevel<0 - \unnumberedzzz{#2} - \else - \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2} - \fi -\fi -} - -% @chapter, @appendix, @unnumbered. -\def\thischaptername{No Chapter Title} -\outer\def\chapter{\parsearg\chapteryyy} -\def\chapteryyy #1{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz -\def\chapterzzz #1{% - \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 - \global\advance \chapno by 1 \message{\putwordChapter\space \the\chapno}% - \chapmacro {#1}{\the\chapno}% - \gdef\thissection{#1}% - \gdef\thischaptername{#1}% - % We don't substitute the actual chapter name into \thischapter - % because we don't want its macros evaluated now. - \xdef\thischapter{\putwordChapter{} \the\chapno: \noexpand\thischaptername}% - \writetocentry{chap}{#1}{{\the\chapno}} - \donoderef - \global\let\section = \numberedsec - \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec - \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec -} - -% we use \chapno to avoid indenting back -\def\appendixbox#1{% - \setbox0 = \hbox{\putwordAppendix{} \the\chapno}% - \hbox to \wd0{#1\hss}} - -\outer\def\appendix{\parsearg\appendixyyy} -\def\appendixyyy #1{\apphead0{#1}} % normally apphead0 calls appendixzzz -\def\appendixzzz #1{% - \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 - \global\advance \appendixno by 1 - \message{\putwordAppendix\space \appendixletter}% - \chapmacro {#1}{\appendixbox{\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter}}% - \gdef\thissection{#1}% - \gdef\thischaptername{#1}% - \xdef\thischapter{\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter: \noexpand\thischaptername}% - \writetocentry{appendix}{#1}{{\appendixletter}} - \appendixnoderef - \global\let\section = \appendixsec - \global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec - \global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec -} - -% @centerchap is like @unnumbered, but the heading is centered. -\outer\def\centerchap{\parsearg\centerchapyyy} -\def\centerchapyyy #1{{\let\unnumbchapmacro=\centerchapmacro \unnumberedyyy{#1}}} - -% @top is like @unnumbered. -\outer\def\top{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy} - -\outer\def\unnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy} -\def\unnumberedyyy #1{\unnmhead0{#1}} % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz -\def\unnumberedzzz #1{% - \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 - % - % This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the - % argument to \message. Therefore, if #1 contained @-commands, TeX - % expanded them. For example, in `@unnumbered The @cite{Book}', TeX - % expanded @cite (which turns out to cause errors because \cite is meant - % to be executed, not expanded). - % - % Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear - % as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself. We use - % \the to achieve this: TeX expands \the only once, - % simply yielding the contents of . (We also do this for - % the toc entries.) - \toks0 = {#1}\message{(\the\toks0)}% - % - \unnumbchapmacro {#1}% - \gdef\thischapter{#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% - \writetocentry{unnumbchap}{#1}{{\the\chapno}} - \unnumbnoderef - \global\let\section = \unnumberedsec - \global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec - \global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec -} - -% Sections. -\outer\def\numberedsec{\parsearg\secyyy} -\def\secyyy #1{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz -\def\seczzz #1{% - \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 % - \gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}% - \writetocentry{sec}{#1}{{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}} - \donoderef - \nobreak -} - -\outer\def\appendixsection{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy} -\outer\def\appendixsec{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy} -\def\appendixsecyyy #1{\apphead1{#1}} % normally calls appendixsectionzzz -\def\appendixsectionzzz #1{% - \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 % - \gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}% - \writetocentry{sec}{#1}{{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}} - \appendixnoderef - \nobreak -} - -\outer\def\unnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsecyyy} -\def\unnumberedsecyyy #1{\unnmhead1{#1}} % normally calls unnumberedseczzz -\def\unnumberedseczzz #1{% - \plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% - \writetocentry{unnumbsec}{#1}{{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}} - \unnumbnoderef - \nobreak -} - -% Subsections. -\outer\def\numberedsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsecyyy} -\def\numberedsubsecyyy #1{\numhead2{#1}} % normally calls numberedsubseczzz -\def\numberedsubseczzz #1{% - \gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 % - \subsecheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}% - \writetocentry{subsec}{#1}{{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}} - \donoderef - \nobreak -} - -\outer\def\appendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsecyyy} -\def\appendixsubsecyyy #1{\apphead2{#1}} % normally calls appendixsubseczzz -\def\appendixsubseczzz #1{% - \gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 % - \subsecheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}% - \writetocentry{subsec}{#1}{{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}} - \appendixnoderef - \nobreak -} - -\outer\def\unnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsecyyy} -\def\unnumberedsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead2{#1}} %normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz -\def\unnumberedsubseczzz #1{% - \plainsubsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% - \writetocentry{unnumbsubsec}{#1}{{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}} - \unnumbnoderef - \nobreak -} - -% Subsubsections. -\outer\def\numberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsubsecyyy} -\def\numberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\numhead3{#1}} % normally numberedsubsubseczzz -\def\numberedsubsubseczzz #1{% - \gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 % - \subsubsecheading {#1} - {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}% - \writetocentry{subsubsec}{#1}{{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}} - \donoderef - \nobreak -} - -\outer\def\appendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubsecyyy} -\def\appendixsubsubsecyyy #1{\apphead3{#1}} % normally appendixsubsubseczzz -\def\appendixsubsubseczzz #1{% - \gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 % - \subsubsecheading {#1} - {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}% - \writetocentry{subsubsec}{#1}{{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}} - \appendixnoderef - \nobreak -} - -\outer\def\unnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy} -\def\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead3{#1}} %normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz -\def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz #1{% - \plainsubsubsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% - \writetocentry{unnumbsubsubsec}{#1}{{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}} - \unnumbnoderef - \nobreak -} - -% These are variants which are not "outer", so they can appear in @ifinfo. -% Actually, they should now be obsolete; ordinary section commands should work. -\def\infotop{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz} -\def\infounnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz} -\def\infounnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedseczzz} -\def\infounnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubseczzz} -\def\infounnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubseczzz} - -\def\infoappendix{\parsearg\appendixzzz} -\def\infoappendixsec{\parsearg\appendixseczzz} -\def\infoappendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubseczzz} -\def\infoappendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubseczzz} - -\def\infochapter{\parsearg\chapterzzz} -\def\infosection{\parsearg\sectionzzz} -\def\infosubsection{\parsearg\subsectionzzz} -\def\infosubsubsection{\parsearg\subsubsectionzzz} - -% These macros control what the section commands do, according -% to what kind of chapter we are in (ordinary, appendix, or unnumbered). -% Define them by default for a numbered chapter. -\global\let\section = \numberedsec -\global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec -\global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec - -% Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading - -% NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and such: -% 1) We use \vbox rather than the earlier \line to permit -% overlong headings to fold. -% 2) \hyphenpenalty is set to 10000 because hyphenation in a -% heading is obnoxious; this forbids it. -% 3) Likewise, headings look best if no \parindent is used, and -% if justification is not attempted. Hence \raggedright. - - -\def\majorheading{\parsearg\majorheadingzzz} -\def\majorheadingzzz #1{% - {\advance\chapheadingskip by 10pt \chapbreak }% - {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 - \parindent=0pt\raggedright - \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200} - -\def\chapheading{\parsearg\chapheadingzzz} -\def\chapheadingzzz #1{\chapbreak % - {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 - \parindent=0pt\raggedright - \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200} - -% @heading, @subheading, @subsubheading. -\def\heading{\parsearg\plainsecheading} -\def\subheading{\parsearg\plainsubsecheading} -\def\subsubheading{\parsearg\plainsubsubsecheading} - -% These macros generate a chapter, section, etc. heading only -% (including whitespace, linebreaking, etc. around it), -% given all the information in convenient, parsed form. - -%%% Args are the skip and penalty (usually negative) -\def\dobreak#1#2{\par\ifdim\lastskip<#1\removelastskip\penalty#2\vskip#1\fi} - -\def\setchapterstyle #1 {\csname CHAPF#1\endcsname} - -%%% Define plain chapter starts, and page on/off switching for it -% Parameter controlling skip before chapter headings (if needed) - -\newskip\chapheadingskip - -\def\chapbreak{\dobreak \chapheadingskip {-4000}} -\def\chappager{\par\vfill\supereject} -\def\chapoddpage{\chappager \ifodd\pageno \else \hbox to 0pt{} \chappager\fi} - -\def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname} - -\def\CHAPPAGoff{% -\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager -\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak -\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager} - -\def\CHAPPAGon{% -\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager -\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager -\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager -\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSsingle}} - -\def\CHAPPAGodd{ -\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage -\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage -\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chapoddpage -\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}} - -\CHAPPAGon - -\def\CHAPFplain{ -\global\let\chapmacro=\chfplain -\global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfplain -\global\let\centerchapmacro=\centerchfplain} - -% Plain chapter opening. -% #1 is the text, #2 the chapter number or empty if unnumbered. -\def\chfplain#1#2{% - \pchapsepmacro - {% - \chapfonts \rm - \def\chapnum{#2}% - \setbox0 = \hbox{#2\ifx\chapnum\empty\else\enspace\fi}% - \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \raggedright - \hangindent = \wd0 \centerparametersmaybe - \unhbox0 #1\par}% - }% - \nobreak\bigskip % no page break after a chapter title - \nobreak -} - -% Plain opening for unnumbered. -\def\unnchfplain#1{\chfplain{#1}{}} - -% @centerchap -- centered and unnumbered. -\let\centerparametersmaybe = \relax -\def\centerchfplain#1{{% - \def\centerparametersmaybe{% - \advance\rightskip by 3\rightskip - \leftskip = \rightskip - \parfillskip = 0pt - }% - \chfplain{#1}{}% -}} - -\CHAPFplain % The default - -\def\unnchfopen #1{% -\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 - \parindent=0pt\raggedright - \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak -} - -\def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts -\vbox to 3in{\vfil \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #2} \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #1} \vfil}}% -\par\penalty 5000 % -} - -\def\centerchfopen #1{% -\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 - \parindent=0pt - \hfill {\rm #1}\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak -} - -\def\CHAPFopen{ -\global\let\chapmacro=\chfopen -\global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfopen -\global\let\centerchapmacro=\centerchfopen} - - -% Section titles. -\newskip\secheadingskip -\def\secheadingbreak{\dobreak \secheadingskip {-1000}} -\def\secheading#1#2#3{\sectionheading{sec}{#2.#3}{#1}} -\def\plainsecheading#1{\sectionheading{sec}{}{#1}} - -% Subsection titles. -\newskip \subsecheadingskip -\def\subsecheadingbreak{\dobreak \subsecheadingskip {-500}} -\def\subsecheading#1#2#3#4{\sectionheading{subsec}{#2.#3.#4}{#1}} -\def\plainsubsecheading#1{\sectionheading{subsec}{}{#1}} - -% Subsubsection titles. -\let\subsubsecheadingskip = \subsecheadingskip -\let\subsubsecheadingbreak = \subsecheadingbreak -\def\subsubsecheading#1#2#3#4#5{\sectionheading{subsubsec}{#2.#3.#4.#5}{#1}} -\def\plainsubsubsecheading#1{\sectionheading{subsubsec}{}{#1}} - - -% Print any size section title. -% -% #1 is the section type (sec/subsec/subsubsec), #2 is the section -% number (maybe empty), #3 the text. -\def\sectionheading#1#2#3{% - {% - \expandafter\advance\csname #1headingskip\endcsname by \parskip - \csname #1headingbreak\endcsname - }% - {% - % Switch to the right set of fonts. - \csname #1fonts\endcsname \rm - % - % Only insert the separating space if we have a section number. - \def\secnum{#2}% - \setbox0 = \hbox{#2\ifx\secnum\empty\else\enspace\fi}% - % - \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \raggedright - \hangindent = \wd0 % zero if no section number - \unhbox0 #3}% - }% - % Add extra space after the heading -- either a line space or a - % paragraph space, whichever is more. (Some people like to set - % \parskip to large values for some reason.) Don't allow stretch, though. - \nobreak - \ifdim\parskip>\normalbaselineskip - \kern\parskip - \else - \kern\normalbaselineskip - \fi - \nobreak -} - - -\message{toc,} -% Table of contents. -\newwrite\tocfile - -% Write an entry to the toc file, opening it if necessary. -% Called from @chapter, etc. We supply {\folio} at the end of the -% argument, which will end up as the last argument to the \...entry macro. -% -% Usage: \writetocentry{chap}{The Name of The Game}{{\the\chapno}} -% We open the .toc file for writing here instead of at @setfilename (or -% any other fixed time) so that @contents can be anywhere in the document. -% -\newif\iftocfileopened -\def\writetocentry#1#2#3{% - \iftocfileopened\else - \immediate\openout\tocfile = \jobname.toc - \global\tocfileopenedtrue - \fi - % - \iflinks - \toks0 = {#2}% - \edef\temp{\write\tocfile{\realbackslash #1entry{\the\toks0}#3{\folio}}}% - \temp - \fi - % - % Tell \shipout to create a page destination if we're doing pdf, which - % will be the target of the links in the table of contents. We can't - % just do it on every page because the title pages are numbered 1 and - % 2 (the page numbers aren't printed), and so are the first two pages - % of the document. Thus, we'd have two destinations named `1', and - % two named `2'. - \ifpdf \pdfmakepagedesttrue \fi -} - -\newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in -\newcount\savepageno -\newcount\lastnegativepageno \lastnegativepageno = -1 - -% Finish up the main text and prepare to read what we've written -% to \tocfile. -% -\def\startcontents#1{% - % If @setchapternewpage on, and @headings double, the contents should - % start on an odd page, unlike chapters. Thus, we maintain - % \contentsalignmacro in parallel with \pagealignmacro. - % From: Torbjorn Granlund - \contentsalignmacro - \immediate\closeout\tocfile - % - % Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline. - % It is abundantly clear what they are. - \unnumbchapmacro{#1}\def\thischapter{}% - \savepageno = \pageno - \begingroup % Set up to handle contents files properly. - \catcode`\\=0 \catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \catcode`\@=11 - % We can't do this, because then an actual ^ in a section - % title fails, e.g., @chapter ^ -- exponentiation. --karl, 9jul97. - %\catcode`\^=7 % to see ^^e4 as \"a etc. juha@piuha.ydi.vtt.fi - \raggedbottom % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom. - \advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length. - % - % Roman numerals for page numbers. - \ifnum \pageno>0 \global\pageno = \lastnegativepageno \fi -} - - -% Normal (long) toc. -\def\contents{% - \startcontents{\putwordTOC}% - \openin 1 \jobname.toc - \ifeof 1 \else - \closein 1 - \input \jobname.toc - \fi - \vfill \eject - \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect - \pdfmakeoutlines - \endgroup - \lastnegativepageno = \pageno - \global\pageno = \savepageno -} - -% And just the chapters. -\def\summarycontents{% - \startcontents{\putwordShortTOC}% - % - \let\chapentry = \shortchapentry - \let\appendixentry = \shortappendixentry - \let\unnumbchapentry = \shortunnumberedentry - % We want a true roman here for the page numbers. - \secfonts - \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf - \let\sl=\shortcontsl \let\tt=\shortconttt - \rm - \hyphenpenalty = 10000 - \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little. - \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{} - \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{} - \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{} - \let\unnumbsecentry = \secentry - \let\unnumbsubsecentry = \subsecentry - \let\unnumbsubsubsecentry = \subsubsecentry - \openin 1 \jobname.toc - \ifeof 1 \else - \closein 1 - \input \jobname.toc - \fi - \vfill \eject - \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect - \endgroup - \lastnegativepageno = \pageno - \global\pageno = \savepageno -} -\let\shortcontents = \summarycontents - -\ifpdf - \pdfcatalog{/PageMode /UseOutlines}% -\fi - -% These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents. -% The first argument is the chapter or section name. -% The last argument is the page number. -% The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ... - -% Chapters, in the main contents. -\def\chapentry#1#2#3{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#3}} -% -% Chapters, in the short toc. -% See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings. -\def\shortchapentry#1#2#3{% - \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#3\egroup}% -} - -% Appendices, in the main contents. -\def\appendixentry#1#2#3{% - \dochapentry{\appendixbox{\putwordAppendix{} #2}\labelspace#1}{#3}} -% -% Appendices, in the short toc. -\let\shortappendixentry = \shortchapentry - -% Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents. -% The arg is, e.g., `Appendix A' for an appendix, or `3' for a chapter. -% We could simplify the code here by writing out an \appendixentry -% command in the toc file for appendices, instead of using \chapentry -% for both, but it doesn't seem worth it. -% -\newdimen\shortappendixwidth -% -\def\shortchaplabel#1{% - % This space should be enough, since a single number is .5em, and the - % widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts. - % But use \hss just in case. - % (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after - % the label; that gets put in by \shortchapentry above.) - \dimen0 = 1em - \hbox to \dimen0{#1\hss}% -} - -% Unnumbered chapters. -\def\unnumbchapentry#1#2#3{\dochapentry{#1}{#3}} -\def\shortunnumberedentry#1#2#3{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#3\egroup}} - -% Sections. -\def\secentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2.#3\labelspace#1}{#4}} -\def\unnumbsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#1}{#4}} - -% Subsections. -\def\subsecentry#1#2#3#4#5{\dosubsecentry{#2.#3.#4\labelspace#1}{#5}} -\def\unnumbsubsecentry#1#2#3#4#5{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#5}} - -% And subsubsections. -\def\subsubsecentry#1#2#3#4#5#6{% - \dosubsubsecentry{#2.#3.#4.#5\labelspace#1}{#6}} -\def\unnumbsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4#5#6{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#6}} - -% This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels. -\newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 3pc - -% Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the -% page number. -% -% If the toc has to be broken over pages, we want it to be at chapters -% if at all possible; hence the \penalty. -\def\dochapentry#1#2{% - \penalty-300 \vskip1\baselineskip plus.33\baselineskip minus.25\baselineskip - \begingroup - \chapentryfonts - \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}% - \endgroup - \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip plus.1\baselineskip -} - -\def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup - \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent - \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}% -\endgroup} - -\def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup - \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent - \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}% -\endgroup} - -\def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup - \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent - \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}% -\endgroup} - -% Final typesetting of a toc entry; we use the same \entry macro as for -% the index entries, but we want to suppress hyphenation here. (We -% can't do that in the \entry macro, since index entries might consist -% of hyphenated-identifiers-that-do-not-fit-on-a-line-and-nothing-else.) -\def\tocentry#1#2{\begingroup - \vskip 0pt plus1pt % allow a little stretch for the sake of nice page breaks - % Do not use \turnoffactive in these arguments. Since the toc is - % typeset in cmr, characters such as _ would come out wrong; we - % have to do the usual translation tricks. - \entry{#1}{#2}% -\endgroup} - -% Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title. -\def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax} - -\def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}} -\def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}} - -\def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm} -\def\secentryfonts{\textfonts} -\let\subsecentryfonts = \textfonts -\let\subsubsecentryfonts = \textfonts - - -\message{environments,} -% @foo ... @end foo. - -% @point{}, @result{}, @expansion{}, @print{}, @equiv{}. -% -% Since these characters are used in examples, it should be an even number of -% \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em. -% -\def\point{$\star$} -\def\result{\leavevmode\raise.15ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}} -\def\expansion{\leavevmode\raise.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}} -\def\print{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}} -\def\equiv{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}} - -% The @error{} command. -% Adapted from the TeXbook's \boxit. -% -\newbox\errorbox -% -{\tentt \global\dimen0 = 3em}% Width of the box. -\dimen2 = .55pt % Thickness of rules -% The text. (`r' is open on the right, `e' somewhat less so on the left.) -\setbox0 = \hbox{\kern-.75pt \tensf error\kern-1.5pt} -% -\global\setbox\errorbox=\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil - \hsize = \dimen0 \advance\hsize by -5.8pt % Space to left+right. - \advance\hsize by -2\dimen2 % Rules. - \vbox{ - \hrule height\dimen2 - \hbox{\vrule width\dimen2 \kern3pt % Space to left of text. - \vtop{\kern2.4pt \box0 \kern2.4pt}% Space above/below. - \kern3pt\vrule width\dimen2}% Space to right. - \hrule height\dimen2} - \hfil} -% -\def\error{\leavevmode\lower.7ex\copy\errorbox} - -% @tex ... @end tex escapes into raw Tex temporarily. -% One exception: @ is still an escape character, so that @end tex works. -% But \@ or @@ will get a plain tex @ character. - -\def\tex{\begingroup - \catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2 - \catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6 - \catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=\active \let~=\tie - \catcode `\%=14 - \catcode `\+=\other - \catcode `\"=\other - \catcode `\==\other - \catcode `\|=\other - \catcode `\<=\other - \catcode `\>=\other - \escapechar=`\\ - % - \let\b=\ptexb - \let\bullet=\ptexbullet - \let\c=\ptexc - \let\,=\ptexcomma - \let\.=\ptexdot - \let\dots=\ptexdots - \let\equiv=\ptexequiv - \let\!=\ptexexclam - \let\i=\ptexi - \let\{=\ptexlbrace - \let\+=\tabalign - \let\}=\ptexrbrace - \let\*=\ptexstar - \let\t=\ptext - % - \def\endldots{\mathinner{\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots}}% - \def\enddots{\relax\ifmmode\endldots\else$\mathsurround=0pt \endldots\,$\fi}% - \def\@{@}% -\let\Etex=\endgroup} - -% Define @lisp ... @end lisp. -% @lisp does a \begingroup so it can rebind things, -% including the definition of @end lisp (which normally is erroneous). - -% Amount to narrow the margins by for @lisp. -\newskip\lispnarrowing \lispnarrowing=0.4in - -% This is the definition that ^^M gets inside @lisp, @example, and other -% such environments. \null is better than a space, since it doesn't -% have any width. -\def\lisppar{\null\endgraf} - -% Make each space character in the input produce a normal interword -% space in the output. Don't allow a line break at this space, as this -% is used only in environments like @example, where each line of input -% should produce a line of output anyway. -% -{\obeyspaces % -\gdef\sepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\tie}} - -% Define \obeyedspace to be our active space, whatever it is. This is -% for use in \parsearg. -{\sepspaces% -\global\let\obeyedspace= } - -% This space is always present above and below environments. -\newskip\envskipamount \envskipamount = 0pt - -% Make spacing and below environment symmetrical. We use \parskip here -% to help in doing that, since in @example-like environments \parskip -% is reset to zero; thus the \afterenvbreak inserts no space -- but the -% start of the next paragraph will insert \parskip. -% -\def\aboveenvbreak{{% - % =10000 instead of <10000 because of a special case in \itemzzz, q.v. - \ifnum \lastpenalty=10000 \else - \advance\envskipamount by \parskip - \endgraf - \ifdim\lastskip<\envskipamount - \removelastskip - % it's not a good place to break if the last penalty was \nobreak - % or better ... - \ifnum\lastpenalty>10000 \else \penalty-50 \fi - \vskip\envskipamount - \fi - \fi -}} - -\let\afterenvbreak = \aboveenvbreak - -% \nonarrowing is a flag. If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins. -\let\nonarrowing=\relax - -% @cartouche ... @end cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around -% environment contents. -\font\circle=lcircle10 -\newdimen\circthick -\newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner -\newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip -\circthick=\fontdimen8\circle -% -\def\ctl{{\circle\char'013\hskip -6pt}}% 6pt from pl file: 1/2charwidth -\def\ctr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'010}} -\def\cbl{{\circle\char'012\hskip -6pt}} -\def\cbr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'011}} -\def\carttop{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip - \ctl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\ctr - \hskip\rskip}} -\def\cartbot{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip - \cbl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\cbr - \hskip\rskip}} -% -\newskip\lskip\newskip\rskip - -\def\cartouche{% -\par % can't be in the midst of a paragraph. -\begingroup - \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip - \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt %we want these *outside*. - \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip - \advance\cartinner by-\rskip - \cartouter=\hsize - \advance\cartouter by 18.4pt % allow for 3pt kerns on either -% side, and for 6pt waste from -% each corner char, and rule thickness - \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip - % Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin. - \let\nonarrowing=\comment - \vbox\bgroup - \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt - \carttop - \hbox\bgroup - \hskip\lskip - \vrule\kern3pt - \vbox\bgroup - \hsize=\cartinner - \kern3pt - \begingroup - \baselineskip=\normbskip - \lineskip=\normlskip - \parskip=\normpskip - \vskip -\parskip -\def\Ecartouche{% - \endgroup - \kern3pt - \egroup - \kern3pt\vrule - \hskip\rskip - \egroup - \cartbot - \egroup -\endgroup -}} - - -% This macro is called at the beginning of all the @example variants, -% inside a group. -\def\nonfillstart{% - \aboveenvbreak - \inENV % This group ends at the end of the body - \hfuzz = 12pt % Don't be fussy - \sepspaces % Make spaces be word-separators rather than space tokens. - \let\par = \lisppar % don't ignore blank lines - \obeylines % each line of input is a line of output - \parskip = 0pt - \parindent = 0pt - \emergencystretch = 0pt % don't try to avoid overfull boxes - % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing - % at next level down. - \ifx\nonarrowing\relax - \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing - \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing - \let\exdent=\nofillexdent - \let\nonarrowing=\relax - \fi -} - -% Define the \E... control sequence only if we are inside the particular -% environment, so the error checking in \end will work. -% -% To end an @example-like environment, we first end the paragraph (via -% \afterenvbreak's vertical glue), and then the group. That way we keep -% the zero \parskip that the environments set -- \parskip glue will be -% inserted at the beginning of the next paragraph in the document, after -% the environment. -% -\def\nonfillfinish{\afterenvbreak\endgroup} - -% @lisp: indented, narrowed, typewriter font. -\def\lisp{\begingroup - \nonfillstart - \let\Elisp = \nonfillfinish - \tt - \let\kbdfont = \kbdexamplefont % Allow @kbd to do something special. - \gobble % eat return -} - -% @example: Same as @lisp. -\def\example{\begingroup \def\Eexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp} - -% @smallexample and @smalllisp: use smaller fonts. -% Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox. -\def\smalllisp{\begingroup - \def\Esmalllisp{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}% - \def\Esmallexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}% - \smallexamplefonts - \lisp -} -\let\smallexample = \smalllisp - - -% @display: same as @lisp except keep current font. -% -\def\display{\begingroup - \nonfillstart - \let\Edisplay = \nonfillfinish - \gobble -} -% -% @smalldisplay: @display plus smaller fonts. -% -\def\smalldisplay{\begingroup - \def\Esmalldisplay{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}% - \smallexamplefonts \rm - \display -} - -% @format: same as @display except don't narrow margins. -% -\def\format{\begingroup - \let\nonarrowing = t - \nonfillstart - \let\Eformat = \nonfillfinish - \gobble -} -% -% @smallformat: @format plus smaller fonts. -% -\def\smallformat{\begingroup - \def\Esmallformat{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}% - \smallexamplefonts \rm - \format -} - -% @flushleft (same as @format). -% -\def\flushleft{\begingroup \def\Eflushleft{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\format} - -% @flushright. -% -\def\flushright{\begingroup - \let\nonarrowing = t - \nonfillstart - \let\Eflushright = \nonfillfinish - \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill - \gobble -} - - -% @quotation does normal linebreaking (hence we can't use \nonfillstart) -% and narrows the margins. -% -\def\quotation{% - \begingroup\inENV %This group ends at the end of the @quotation body - {\parskip=0pt \aboveenvbreak}% because \aboveenvbreak inserts \parskip - \parindent=0pt - % We have retained a nonzero parskip for the environment, since we're - % doing normal filling. So to avoid extra space below the environment... - \def\Equotation{\parskip = 0pt \nonfillfinish}% - % - % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing at next level down. - \ifx\nonarrowing\relax - \advance\leftskip by \lispnarrowing - \advance\rightskip by \lispnarrowing - \exdentamount = \lispnarrowing - \let\nonarrowing = \relax - \fi -} - - -% LaTeX-like @verbatim...@end verbatim and @verb{...} -% If we want to allow any as delimiter, -% we need the curly braces so that makeinfo sees the @verb command, eg: -% `@verbx...x' would look like the '@verbx' command. --janneke@gnu.org -% -% [Knuth]: Donald Ervin Knuth, 1996. The TeXbook. -% -% [Knuth] p.344; only we need to do the other characters Texinfo sets -% active too. Otherwise, they get lost as the first character on a -% verbatim line. -\def\dospecials{% - \do\ \do\\\do\{\do\}\do\$\do\&% - \do\#\do\^\do\^^K\do\_\do\^^A\do\%\do\~% - \do\<\do\>\do\|\do\@\do+\do\"% -} -% -% [Knuth] p. 380 -\def\uncatcodespecials{% - \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=12}\dospecials} -% -% [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391 -% Disable Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font -\begingroup - \catcode`\`=\active\gdef`{\relax\lq} -\endgroup -% -% Setup for the @verb command. -% -% Eight spaces for a tab -\begingroup - \catcode`\^^I=\active - \gdef\tabeightspaces{\catcode`\^^I=\active\def^^I{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }} -\endgroup -% -\def\setupverb{% - \tt % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim - \def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}% - \catcode`\`=\active - \tabeightspaces - % Respect line breaks, - % print special symbols as themselves, and - % make each space count - % must do in this order: - \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \sepspaces -} - -% Setup for the @verbatim environment -% -% Real tab expansion -\newdimen\tabw \setbox0=\hbox{\tt\space} \tabw=8\wd0 % tab amount -% -\def\starttabbox{\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup} -\begingroup - \catcode`\^^I=\active - \gdef\tabexpand{% - \catcode`\^^I=\active - \def^^I{\leavevmode\egroup - \dimen0=\wd0 % the width so far, or since the previous tab - \divide\dimen0 by\tabw - \multiply\dimen0 by\tabw % compute previous multiple of \tabw - \advance\dimen0 by\tabw % advance to next multiple of \tabw - \wd0=\dimen0 \box0 \starttabbox - }% - } -\endgroup -\def\setupverbatim{% - % Easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim - \tt - \def\par{\leavevmode\egroup\box0\endgraf}% - \catcode`\`=\active - \tabexpand - % Respect line breaks, - % print special symbols as themselves, and - % make each space count - % must do in this order: - \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \sepspaces - \everypar{\starttabbox}% -} - -% Do the @verb magic: verbatim text is quoted by unique -% delimiter characters. Before first delimiter expect a -% right brace, after last delimiter expect closing brace: -% -% \def\doverb'{'#1'}'{#1} -% -% [Knuth] p. 382; only eat outer {} -\begingroup - \catcode`[=1\catcode`]=2\catcode`\{=12\catcode`\}=12 - \gdef\doverb{#1[\def\next##1#1}[##1\endgroup]\next] -\endgroup -% -\def\verb{\begingroup\setupverb\doverb} -% -% -% Do the @verbatim magic: define the macro \doverbatim so that -% the (first) argument ends when '@end verbatim' is reached, ie: -% -% \def\doverbatim#1@end verbatim{#1} -% -% For Texinfo it's a lot easier than for LaTeX, -% because texinfo's \verbatim doesn't stop at '\end{verbatim}': -% we need not redefine '\', '{' and '}'. -% -% Inspired by LaTeX's verbatim command set [latex.ltx] -%% Include LaTeX hack for completeness -- never know -%% \begingroup -%% \catcode`|=0 \catcode`[=1 -%% \catcode`]=2\catcode`\{=12\catcode`\}=12\catcode`\ =\active -%% \catcode`\\=12|gdef|doverbatim#1@end verbatim[ -%% #1|endgroup|def|Everbatim[]|end[verbatim]] -%% |endgroup -% -\begingroup - \catcode`\ =\active - \obeylines % - % ignore everything up to the first ^^M, that's the newline at the end - % of the @verbatim input line itself. Otherwise we get an extra blank - % line in the output. - \gdef\doverbatim#1^^M#2@end verbatim{#2\end{verbatim}}% -\endgroup -% -\def\verbatim{% - \def\Everbatim{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}% - \begingroup - \nonfillstart - \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent - \begingroup\setupverbatim\doverbatim -} - -% @verbatiminclude FILE - insert text of file in verbatim environment. -% -% Allow normal characters that we make active in the argument (a file name). -\def\verbatiminclude{% - \begingroup - \catcode`\\=\other - \catcode`~=\other - \catcode`^=\other - \catcode`_=\other - \catcode`|=\other - \catcode`<=\other - \catcode`>=\other - \catcode`+=\other - \parsearg\doverbatiminclude -} -\def\setupverbatiminclude{% - \begingroup - \nonfillstart - \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent - \begingroup\setupverbatim -} -% -\def\doverbatiminclude#1{% - % Restore active chars for included file. - \endgroup - \begingroup - \let\value=\expandablevalue - \def\thisfile{#1}% - \expandafter\expandafter\setupverbatiminclude\input\thisfile - \endgroup - \nonfillfinish - \endgroup -} - -% @copying ... @end copying. -% Save the text away for @insertcopying later. Many commands won't be -% allowed in this context, but that's ok. -% -% We save the uninterpreted tokens, rather than creating a box. -% Saving the text in a box would be much easier, but then all the -% typesetting commands (@smallbook, font changes, etc.) have to be done -% beforehand -- and a) we want @copying to be done first in the source -% file; b) letting users define the frontmatter in as flexible order as -% possible is very desirable. -% -\def\copying{\begingroup - % Define a command to swallow text until we reach `@end copying'. - % \ is the escape char in this texinfo.tex file, so it is the - % delimiter for the command; @ will be the escape char when we read - % it, but that doesn't matter. - \long\def\docopying##1\end copying{\gdef\copyingtext{##1}\enddocopying}% - % - % We must preserve ^^M's in the input file; see \insertcopying below. - \catcode`\^^M = \active - \docopying -} - -% What we do to finish off the copying text. -% -\def\enddocopying{\endgroup\ignorespaces} - -% @insertcopying. Here we must play games with ^^M's. On the one hand, -% we need them to delimit commands such as `@end quotation', so they -% must be active. On the other hand, we certainly don't want every -% end-of-line to be a \par, as would happen with the normal active -% definition of ^^M. On the third hand, two ^^M's in a row should still -% generate a \par. -% -% Our approach is to make ^^M insert a space and a penalty1 normally; -% then it can also check if \lastpenalty=1. If it does, then manually -% do \par. -% -% This messes up the normal definitions of @c[omment], so we redefine -% it. Similarly for @ignore. (These commands are used in the gcc -% manual for man page generation.) -% -% Seems pretty fragile, most line-oriented commands will presumably -% fail, but for the limited use of getting the copying text (which -% should be quite simple) inserted, we can hope it's ok. -% -{\catcode`\^^M=\active % -\gdef\insertcopying{\begingroup % - \parindent = 0pt % looks wrong on title page - \def^^M{% - \ifnum \lastpenalty=1 % - \par % - \else % - \space \penalty 1 % - \fi % - }% - % - % Fix @c[omment] for catcode 13 ^^M's. - \def\c##1^^M{\ignorespaces}% - \let\comment = \c % - % - % Don't bother jumping through all the hoops that \doignore does, it - % would be very hard since the catcodes are already set. - \long\def\ignore##1\end ignore{\ignorespaces}% - % - \copyingtext % -\endgroup}% -} - -\message{defuns,} -% @defun etc. - -% Allow user to change definition object font (\df) internally -\def\setdeffont#1 {\csname DEF#1\endcsname} - -\newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in -\newskip\defargsindent \defargsindent=50pt -\newskip\deflastargmargin \deflastargmargin=18pt - -\newcount\parencount - -% We want ()&[] to print specially on the defun line. -% -\def\activeparens{% - \catcode`$=\active \catcode`$=\active - \catcode`\&=\active - \catcode`\[=\active \catcode`\]=\active -} - -% Make control sequences which act like normal parenthesis chars. -\let\lparen = ( \let\rparen = ) - -{\activeparens % Now, smart parens don't turn on until &foo (see \amprm) - -% Be sure that we always have a definition for `(', etc. For example, -% if the fn name has parens in it, \boldbrax will not be in effect yet, -% so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence. -\global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen -\global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack - -\gdef\functionparens{\boldbrax\let&=\amprm\parencount=0 } -\gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb} -% This is used to turn on special parens -% but make & act ordinary (given that it's active). -\gdef\boldbraxnoamp{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb\let&=\ampnr} - -% Definitions of (, ) and & used in args for functions. -% This is the definition of ( outside of all parentheses. -\gdef\oprm#1 {{\rm\char`$}#1 \bf \let(=\opnested - \global\advance\parencount by 1 -} -% -% This is the definition of ( when already inside a level of parens. -\gdef\opnested{\char`\(\global\advance\parencount by 1 } -% -\gdef\clrm{% Print a paren in roman if it is taking us back to depth of 0. - % also in that case restore the outer-level definition of (. - \ifnum \parencount=1 {\rm \char `$}\sl \let(=\oprm \else \char `\) \fi - \global\advance \parencount by -1 } -% If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards -\gdef\amprm#1 {{\rm\}\let(=\oprm \let)=\clrm\ } -% -\gdef\normalparens{\boldbrax\let&=\ampnr} -} % End of definition inside \activeparens -%% These parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than the -%% contained text. This is especially needed for [ and ] -\def\opnr{{\sf\char`$}\global\advance\parencount by 1 } -\def\clnr{{\sf\char`$}\global\advance\parencount by -1 } -\let\ampnr = \& -\def\lbrb{{\bf\char`\[}} -\def\rbrb{{\bf\char`\]}} - -% Active &'s sneak into the index arguments, so make sure it's defined. -{ - \catcode`& = \active - \global\let& = \ampnr -} - -% \defname, which formats the name of the @def (not the args). -% #1 is the function name. -% #2 is the type of definition, such as "Function". -% -\def\defname#1#2{% - % How we'll output the type name. Putting it in brackets helps - % distinguish it from the body text that may end up on the next line - % just below it. - \ifempty{#2}% - \def\defnametype{}% - \else - \def\defnametype{[\rm #2]}% - \fi - % - % Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were outside the @def... - \dimen2=\leftskip - \advance\dimen2 by -\defbodyindent - % - % Figure out values for the paragraph shape. - \setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \deflastargmargin{\defnametype}}% - \dimen0=\hsize \advance \dimen0 by -\wd0 % compute size for first line - \dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -\defargsindent % size for continuations - \parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1 - % - % Output arg 2 ("Function" or some such) but stuck inside a box of - % width 0 so it does not interfere with linebreaking. - \noindent - % - {% Adjust \hsize to exclude the ambient margins, - % so that \rightline will obey them. - \advance \hsize by -\dimen2 - \dimen3 = 0pt % was -1.25pc - \rlap{\rightline{\defnametype\kern\dimen3}}% - }% - % - % Allow all lines to be underfull without complaint: - \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 - \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent - \exdentamount=\defbodyindent - {\df #1}\enskip % output function name - % \defunargs will be called next to output the arguments, if any. -} - -% Common pieces to start any @def... -% #1 is the \E... control sequence to end the definition (which we define). -% #2 is the \...x control sequence (which our caller defines). -% #3 is the control sequence to process the header, such as \defunheader. -% -\def\parsebodycommon#1#2#3{% - \begingroup\inENV - % If there are two @def commands in a row, we'll have a \nobreak, - % which is there to keep the function description together with its - % header. But if there's nothing but headers, we want to allow a - % break after all. Check for penalty 10002 (inserted by - % \defargscommonending) instead of 10000, since the sectioning - % commands insert a \penalty10000, and we don't want to allow a break - % between a section heading and a defun. - \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty0 \fi - \medbreak - % - % Define the \E... end token that this defining construct specifies - % so that it will exit this group. - \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% - % - \parindent=0in - \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent - \exdentamount=\defbodyindent -} - -% Common part of the \...x definitions. -% -\def\defxbodycommon{% - % As with \parsebodycommon above, allow line break if we have multiple - % x headers in a row. It's not a great place, though. - \ifnum\lastpenalty=10000 \penalty1000 \fi - % - \begingroup\obeylines -} - -% Process body of @defun, @deffn, @defmac, etc. -% -\def\defparsebody#1#2#3{% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2{\defxbodycommon \activeparens \spacesplit#3}% - \catcode\equalChar=\active - \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens - \spacesplit#3% -} - -% #1, #2, #3 are the common arguments (see \parsebodycommon above). -% #4, delimited by the space, is the class name. -% -\def\defmethparsebody#1#2#3#4 {% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2##1 {\defxbodycommon \activeparens \spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% - \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens - % The \empty here prevents misinterpretation of a construct such as - % @deffn {whatever} {Enharmonic comma} - % See comments at \deftpparsebody, although in our case we don't have - % to remove the \empty afterwards, since it is empty. - \spacesplit{#3{#4}}\empty -} - -% Used for @deftypemethod and @deftypeivar. -% #1, #2, #3 are the common arguments (see \defparsebody). -% #4, delimited by a space, is the class name. -% #5 is the method's return type. -% -\def\deftypemethparsebody#1#2#3#4 #5 {% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2##1 ##2 {\defxbodycommon \activeparens \spacesplit{#3{##1}{##2}}}% - \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens - \spacesplit{#3{#4}{#5}}% -} - -% Used for @deftypeop. The change from \deftypemethparsebody is an -% extra argument at the beginning which is the `category', instead of it -% being the hardwired string `Method' or `Instance Variable'. We have -% to account for this both in the \...x definition and in parsing the -% input at hand. Thus also need a control sequence (passed as #5) for -% the \E... definition to assign the category name to. -% -\def\deftypeopparsebody#1#2#3#4#5 #6 {% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2##1 ##2 ##3 {\def#4{##1}% - \defxbodycommon \activeparens \spacesplit{#3{##2}{##3}}}% - \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens - \spacesplit{#3{#5}{#6}}% -} - -% For @defop. -\def\defopparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}% - \defxbodycommon \activeparens \spacesplit{#3{##2}}}% - \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens - \spacesplit{#3{#5}}% -} - -% These parsing functions are similar to the preceding ones -% except that they do not make parens into active characters. -% These are used for "variables" since they have no arguments. -% -\def\defvarparsebody #1#2#3{% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2{\defxbodycommon \spacesplit#3}% - \catcode\equalChar=\active - \begingroup\obeylines - \spacesplit#3% -} - -% @defopvar. -\def\defopvarparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}% - \defxbodycommon \spacesplit{#3{##2}}}% - \begingroup\obeylines - \spacesplit{#3{#5}}% -} - -\def\defvrparsebody#1#2#3#4 {% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2##1 {\defxbodycommon \spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% - \begingroup\obeylines - \spacesplit{#3{#4}}% -} - -% This loses on `@deftp {Data Type} {struct termios}' -- it thinks the -% type is just `struct', because we lose the braces in `{struct -% termios}' when \spacesplit reads its undelimited argument. Sigh. -% \let\deftpparsebody=\defvrparsebody -% -% So, to get around this, we put \empty in with the type name. That -% way, TeX won't find exactly `{...}' as an undelimited argument, and -% won't strip off the braces. -% -\def\deftpparsebody #1#2#3#4 {% - \parsebodycommon{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \def#2##1 {\defxbodycommon \spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% - \begingroup\obeylines - \spacesplit{\parsetpheaderline{#3{#4}}}\empty -} - -% Fine, but then we have to eventually remove the \empty *and* the -% braces (if any). That's what this does. -% -\def\removeemptybraces\empty#1\relax{#1} - -% After \spacesplit has done its work, this is called -- #1 is the final -% thing to call, #2 the type name (which starts with \empty), and #3 -% (which might be empty) the arguments. -% -\def\parsetpheaderline#1#2#3{% - #1{\removeemptybraces#2\relax}{#3}% -}% - -% Split up #2 (the rest of the input line) at the first space token. -% call #1 with two arguments: -% the first is all of #2 before the space token, -% the second is all of #2 after that space token. -% If #2 contains no space token, all of it is passed as the first arg -% and the second is passed as empty. -% -{\obeylines % - \gdef\spacesplit#1#2^^M{\endgroup\spacesplitx{#1}#2 \relax\spacesplitx}% - \long\gdef\spacesplitx#1#2 #3#4\spacesplitx{% - \ifx\relax #3% - #1{#2}{}% - \else % - #1{#2}{#3#4}% - \fi}% -} - -% Define @defun. - -% This is called to end the arguments processing for all the @def... commands. -% -\def\defargscommonending{% - \interlinepenalty = 10000 - \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil - \endgraf - \nobreak\vskip -\parskip - \penalty 10002 % signal to \parsebodycommon. -} - -% This expands the args and terminates the paragraph they comprise. -% -\def\defunargs#1{\functionparens \sl -% Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars. -% Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar. -% Set the font temporarily and use \font in case \setfont made \tensl a macro. -{\tensl\hyphenchar\font=0}% -#1% -{\tensl\hyphenchar\font=45}% -\ifnum\parencount=0 \else \errmessage{Unbalanced parentheses in @def}\fi% - \defargscommonending -} - -\def\deftypefunargs #1{% -% Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars. -% Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar. -% Use \boldbraxnoamp, not \functionparens, so that & is not special. -\boldbraxnoamp -\tclose{#1}% avoid \code because of side effects on active chars - \defargscommonending -} - -% Do complete processing of one @defun or @defunx line already parsed. - -% @deffn Command forward-char nchars - -\def\deffn{\defmethparsebody\Edeffn\deffnx\deffnheader} - -\def\deffnheader #1#2#3{\doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% -\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defunargs{#3}\endgroup % -\catcode\equalChar=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody -} - -% @defun == @deffn Function - -\def\defun{\defparsebody\Edefun\defunx\defunheader} - -\def\defunheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index -\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDeffunc}% -\defunargs {#2}\endgroup % -\catcode\equalChar=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody -} - -% @deftypefun int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar}) - -\def\deftypefun{\defparsebody\Edeftypefun\deftypefunx\deftypefunheader} - -% #1 is the data type. #2 is the name and args. -\def\deftypefunheader #1#2{\deftypefunheaderx{#1}#2 \relax} -% #1 is the data type, #2 the name, #3 the args. -\def\deftypefunheaderx #1#2 #3\relax{% -\doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in function index -\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#1\relax$.$#2}{\putwordDeftypefun}% -\deftypefunargs {#3}\endgroup % -\catcode\equalChar=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody -} - -% @deftypefn {Library Function} int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar}) - -\def\deftypefn{\defmethparsebody\Edeftypefn\deftypefnx\deftypefnheader} - -% \defheaderxcond#1\relax$.$ -% puts #1 in @code, followed by a space, but does nothing if #1 is null. -\def\defheaderxcond#1#2$.${\ifx#1\relax\else\code{#1#2} \fi} - -% #1 is the classification. #2 is the data type. #3 is the name and args. -\def\deftypefnheader #1#2#3{\deftypefnheaderx{#1}{#2}#3 \relax} -% #1 is the classification, #2 the data type, #3 the name, #4 the args. -\def\deftypefnheaderx #1#2#3 #4\relax{% -\doind {fn}{\code{#3}}% Make entry in function index -\begingroup -\normalparens % notably, turn off `&' magic, which prevents -% at least some C++ text from working -\defname {\defheaderxcond#2\relax$.$#3}{#1}% -\deftypefunargs {#4}\endgroup % -\catcode\equalChar=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody -} - -% @defmac == @deffn Macro - -\def\defmac{\defparsebody\Edefmac\defmacx\defmacheader} - -\def\defmacheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index -\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefmac}% -\defunargs {#2}\endgroup % -\catcode\equalChar=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody -} - -% @defspec == @deffn Special Form - -\def\defspec{\defparsebody\Edefspec\defspecx\defspecheader} - -\def\defspecheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index -\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefspec}% -\defunargs {#2}\endgroup % -\catcode\equalChar=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody -} - -% @defop CATEGORY CLASS OPERATION ARG... -% -\def\defop #1 {\def\defoptype{#1}% -\defopparsebody\Edefop\defopx\defopheader\defoptype} -% -\def\defopheader#1#2#3{% - \dosubind{fn}{\code{#2}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% function index entry - \begingroup - \defname{#2}{\defoptype\ \putwordon\ #1}% - \defunargs{#3}% - \endgroup -} - -% @deftypeop CATEGORY CLASS TYPE OPERATION ARG... -% -\def\deftypeop #1 {\def\deftypeopcategory{#1}% - \deftypeopparsebody\Edeftypeop\deftypeopx\deftypeopheader - \deftypeopcategory} -% -% #1 is the class name, #2 the data type, #3 the operation name, #4 the args. -\def\deftypeopheader#1#2#3#4{% - \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% entry in function index - \begingroup - \defname{\defheaderxcond#2\relax$.$#3} - {\deftypeopcategory\ \putwordon\ \code{#1}}% - \deftypefunargs{#4}% - \endgroup -} - -% @deftypemethod CLASS TYPE METHOD ARG... -% -\def\deftypemethod{% - \deftypemethparsebody\Edeftypemethod\deftypemethodx\deftypemethodheader} -% -% #1 is the class name, #2 the data type, #3 the method name, #4 the args. -\def\deftypemethodheader#1#2#3#4{% - \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% entry in function index - \begingroup - \defname{\defheaderxcond#2\relax$.$#3}{\putwordMethodon\ \code{#1}}% - \deftypefunargs{#4}% - \endgroup -} - -% @deftypeivar CLASS TYPE VARNAME -% -\def\deftypeivar{% - \deftypemethparsebody\Edeftypeivar\deftypeivarx\deftypeivarheader} -% -% #1 is the class name, #2 the data type, #3 the variable name. -\def\deftypeivarheader#1#2#3{% - \dosubind{vr}{\code{#3}}{\putwordof\ \code{#1}}% entry in variable index - \begingroup - \defname{\defheaderxcond#2\relax$.$#3} - {\putwordInstanceVariableof\ \code{#1}}% - \defvarargs{#3}% - \endgroup -} - -% @defmethod == @defop Method -% -\def\defmethod{\defmethparsebody\Edefmethod\defmethodx\defmethodheader} -% -% #1 is the class name, #2 the method name, #3 the args. -\def\defmethodheader#1#2#3{% - \dosubind{fn}{\code{#2}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% entry in function index - \begingroup - \defname{#2}{\putwordMethodon\ \code{#1}}% - \defunargs{#3}% - \endgroup -} - -% @defcv {Class Option} foo-class foo-flag - -\def\defcv #1 {\def\defcvtype{#1}% -\defopvarparsebody\Edefcv\defcvx\defcvarheader\defcvtype} - -\def\defcvarheader #1#2#3{% - \dosubind{vr}{\code{#2}}{\putwordof\ \code{#1}}% variable index entry - \begingroup - \defname{#2}{\defcvtype\ \putwordof\ #1}% - \defvarargs{#3}% - \endgroup -} - -% @defivar CLASS VARNAME == @defcv {Instance Variable} CLASS VARNAME -% -\def\defivar{\defvrparsebody\Edefivar\defivarx\defivarheader} -% -\def\defivarheader#1#2#3{% - \dosubind{vr}{\code{#2}}{\putwordof\ \code{#1}}% entry in var index - \begingroup - \defname{#2}{\putwordInstanceVariableof\ #1}% - \defvarargs{#3}% - \endgroup -} - -% @defvar -% First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of @defvar. -% This is actually simple: just print them in roman. -% This must expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up -\def\defvarargs #1{\normalparens #1% - \defargscommonending -} - -% @defvr Counter foo-count - -\def\defvr{\defvrparsebody\Edefvr\defvrx\defvrheader} - -\def\defvrheader #1#2#3{\doind {vr}{\code{#2}}% -\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defvarargs{#3}\endgroup} - -% @defvar == @defvr Variable - -\def\defvar{\defvarparsebody\Edefvar\defvarx\defvarheader} - -\def\defvarheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index -\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefvar}% -\defvarargs {#2}\endgroup % -} - -% @defopt == @defvr {User Option} - -\def\defopt{\defvarparsebody\Edefopt\defoptx\defoptheader} - -\def\defoptheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index -\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefopt}% -\defvarargs {#2}\endgroup % -} - -% @deftypevar int foobar - -\def\deftypevar{\defvarparsebody\Edeftypevar\deftypevarx\deftypevarheader} - -% #1 is the data type. #2 is the name, perhaps followed by text that -% is actually part of the data type, which should not be put into the index. -\def\deftypevarheader #1#2{% -\dovarind#2 \relax% Make entry in variables index -\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#1\relax$.$#2}{\putwordDeftypevar}% - \defargscommonending -\endgroup} -\def\dovarind#1 #2\relax{\doind{vr}{\code{#1}}} - -% @deftypevr {Global Flag} int enable - -\def\deftypevr{\defvrparsebody\Edeftypevr\deftypevrx\deftypevrheader} - -\def\deftypevrheader #1#2#3{\dovarind#3 \relax% -\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#2\relax$.$#3}{#1} - \defargscommonending -\endgroup} - -% Now define @deftp -% Args are printed in bold, a slight difference from @defvar. - -\def\deftpargs #1{\bf \defvarargs{#1}} - -% @deftp Class window height width ... - -\def\deftp{\deftpparsebody\Edeftp\deftpx\deftpheader} - -\def\deftpheader #1#2#3{\doind {tp}{\code{#2}}% -\begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\deftpargs{#3}\endgroup} - -% These definitions are used if you use @defunx (etc.) -% anywhere other than immediately after a @defun or @defunx. -% -\def\defcvx#1 {\errmessage{@defcvx in invalid context}} -\def\deffnx#1 {\errmessage{@deffnx in invalid context}} -\def\defivarx#1 {\errmessage{@defivarx in invalid context}} -\def\defmacx#1 {\errmessage{@defmacx in invalid context}} -\def\defmethodx#1 {\errmessage{@defmethodx in invalid context}} -\def\defoptx #1 {\errmessage{@defoptx in invalid context}} -\def\defopx#1 {\errmessage{@defopx in invalid context}} -\def\defspecx#1 {\errmessage{@defspecx in invalid context}} -\def\deftpx#1 {\errmessage{@deftpx in invalid context}} -\def\deftypefnx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypefnx in invalid context}} -\def\deftypefunx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypefunx in invalid context}} -\def\deftypeivarx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypeivarx in invalid context}} -\def\deftypemethodx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypemethodx in invalid context}} -\def\deftypeopx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypeopx in invalid context}} -\def\deftypevarx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypevarx in invalid context}} -\def\deftypevrx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypevrx in invalid context}} -\def\defunx#1 {\errmessage{@defunx in invalid context}} -\def\defvarx#1 {\errmessage{@defvarx in invalid context}} -\def\defvrx#1 {\errmessage{@defvrx in invalid context}} - - -\message{macros,} -% @macro. - -% To do this right we need a feature of e-TeX, \scantokens, -% which we arrange to emulate with a temporary file in ordinary TeX. -\ifx\eTeXversion\undefined - \newwrite\macscribble - \def\scanmacro#1{% - \begingroup \newlinechar`\^^M - % Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex - \catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\other \escapechar=`\@ - % Append \endinput to make sure that TeX does not see the ending newline. - \toks0={#1\endinput}% - \immediate\openout\macscribble=\jobname.tmp - \immediate\write\macscribble{\the\toks0}% - \immediate\closeout\macscribble - \let\xeatspaces\eatspaces - \input \jobname.tmp - \endgroup -} -\else -\def\scanmacro#1{% -\begingroup \newlinechar`\^^M -% Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex -\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\other \escapechar=`\@ -\let\xeatspaces\eatspaces\scantokens{#1\endinput}\endgroup} -\fi - -\newcount\paramno % Count of parameters -\newtoks\macname % Macro name -\newif\ifrecursive % Is it recursive? -\def\macrolist{} % List of all defined macros in the form - % \do\macro1\do\macro2... - -% Utility routines. -% Thisdoes \let #1 = #2, except with \csnames. -\def\cslet#1#2{% -\expandafter\expandafter -\expandafter\let -\expandafter\expandafter -\csname#1\endcsname -\csname#2\endcsname} - -% Trim leading and trailing spaces off a string. -% Concepts from aro-bend problem 15 (see CTAN). -{\catcode`\@=11 -\gdef\eatspaces #1{\expandafter\trim@\expandafter{#1 }} -\gdef\trim@ #1{\trim@@ @#1 @ #1 @ @@} -\gdef\trim@@ #1@ #2@ #3@@{\trim@@@\empty #2 @} -\def\unbrace#1{#1} -\unbrace{\gdef\trim@@@ #1 } #2@{#1} -} - -% Trim a single trailing ^^M off a string. -{\catcode`\^^M=\other \catcode`\Q=3% -\gdef\eatcr #1{\eatcra #1Q^^MQ}% -\gdef\eatcra#1^^MQ{\eatcrb#1Q}% -\gdef\eatcrb#1Q#2Q{#1}% -} - -% Macro bodies are absorbed as an argument in a context where -% all characters are catcode 10, 11 or 12, except \ which is active -% (as in normal texinfo). It is necessary to change the definition of \. - -% It's necessary to have hard CRs when the macro is executed. This is -% done by making ^^M (\endlinechar) catcode 12 when reading the macro -% body, and then making it the \newlinechar in \scanmacro. - -\def\macrobodyctxt{% - \catcode`\~=\other - \catcode`\^=\other - \catcode`\_=\other - \catcode`\|=\other - \catcode`\<=\other - \catcode`\>=\other - \catcode`\+=\other - \catcode`\{=\other - \catcode`\}=\other - \catcode`\@=\other - \catcode`\^^M=\other - \usembodybackslash} - -\def\macroargctxt{% - \catcode`\~=\other - \catcode`\^=\other - \catcode`\_=\other - \catcode`\|=\other - \catcode`\<=\other - \catcode`\>=\other - \catcode`\+=\other - \catcode`\@=\other - \catcode`\\=\other} - -% \mbodybackslash is the definition of \ in @macro bodies. -% It maps \foo\ => \csname macarg.foo\endcsname => #N -% where N is the macro parameter number. -% We define \csname macarg.\endcsname to be \realbackslash, so -% \\ in macro replacement text gets you a backslash. - -{\catcode`@=0 @catcode`@\=@active - @gdef@usembodybackslash{@let\=@mbodybackslash} - @gdef@mbodybackslash#1\{@csname macarg.#1@endcsname} -} -\expandafter\def\csname macarg.\endcsname{\realbackslash} - -\def\macro{\recursivefalse\parsearg\macroxxx} -\def\rmacro{\recursivetrue\parsearg\macroxxx} - -\def\macroxxx#1{% - \getargs{#1}% now \macname is the macname and \argl the arglist - \ifx\argl\empty % no arguments - \paramno=0% - \else - \expandafter\parsemargdef \argl;% - \fi - \if1\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname - \message{Warning: redefining \the\macname}% - \else - \expandafter\ifx\csname \the\macname\endcsname \relax - \else \errmessage{Macro name \the\macname\space already defined}\fi - \global\cslet{macsave.\the\macname}{\the\macname}% - \global\expandafter\let\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname=1% - % Add the macroname to \macrolist - \toks0 = \expandafter{\macrolist\do}% - \xdef\macrolist{\the\toks0 - \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname\endcsname}% - \fi - \begingroup \macrobodyctxt - \ifrecursive \expandafter\parsermacbody - \else \expandafter\parsemacbody - \fi} - -\def\unmacro{\parsearg\dounmacro} -\def\dounmacro#1{% - \if1\csname ismacro.#1\endcsname - \global\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}% - \global\expandafter\let \csname ismacro.#1\endcsname=0% - % Remove the macro name from \macrolist: - \begingroup - \expandafter\let\csname#1\endcsname \relax - \let\do\unmacrodo - \xdef\macrolist{\macrolist}% - \endgroup - \else - \errmessage{Macro #1 not defined}% - \fi -} - -% Called by \do from \dounmacro on each macro. The idea is to omit any -% macro definitions that have been changed to \relax. -% -\def\unmacrodo#1{% - \ifx#1\relax - % remove this - \else - \noexpand\do \noexpand #1% - \fi -} - -% This makes use of the obscure feature that if the last token of a -% is #, then the preceding argument is delimited by -% an opening brace, and that opening brace is not consumed. -\def\getargs#1{\getargsxxx#1{}} -\def\getargsxxx#1#{\getmacname #1 \relax\getmacargs} -\def\getmacname #1 #2\relax{\macname={#1}} -\def\getmacargs#1{\def\argl{#1}} - -% Parse the optional {params} list. Set up \paramno and \paramlist -% so \defmacro knows what to do. Define \macarg.blah for each blah -% in the params list, to be ##N where N is the position in that list. -% That gets used by \mbodybackslash (above). - -% We need to get `macro parameter char #' into several definitions. -% The technique used is stolen from LaTeX: let \hash be something -% unexpandable, insert that wherever you need a #, and then redefine -% it to # just before using the token list produced. -% -% The same technique is used to protect \eatspaces till just before -% the macro is used. - -\def\parsemargdef#1;{\paramno=0\def\paramlist{}% - \let\hash\relax\let\xeatspaces\relax\parsemargdefxxx#1,;,} -\def\parsemargdefxxx#1,{% - \if#1;\let\next=\relax - \else \let\next=\parsemargdefxxx - \advance\paramno by 1% - \expandafter\edef\csname macarg.\eatspaces{#1}\endcsname - {\xeatspaces{\hash\the\paramno}}% - \edef\paramlist{\paramlist\hash\the\paramno,}% - \fi\next} - -% These two commands read recursive and nonrecursive macro bodies. -% (They're different since rec and nonrec macros end differently.) - -\long\def\parsemacbody#1@end macro% -{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}% -\long\def\parsermacbody#1@end rmacro% -{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}% - -% This defines the macro itself. There are six cases: recursive and -% nonrecursive macros of zero, one, and many arguments. -% Much magic with \expandafter here. -% \xdef is used so that macro definitions will survive the file -% they're defined in; @include reads the file inside a group. -\def\defmacro{% - \let\hash=##% convert placeholders to macro parameter chars - \ifrecursive - \ifcase\paramno - % 0 - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% - \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}% - \or % 1 - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% - \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt - \noexpand\braceorline - \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{% - \egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}% - \else % many - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% - \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt - \noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{% - \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}% - \expandafter\expandafter - \expandafter\xdef - \expandafter\expandafter - \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname - \paramlist{\egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}% - \fi - \else - \ifcase\paramno - % 0 - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% - \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}% - \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}% - \or % 1 - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% - \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt - \noexpand\braceorline - \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{% - \egroup - \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}% - \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}% - \else % many - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% - \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt - \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{% - \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}% - \expandafter\expandafter - \expandafter\xdef - \expandafter\expandafter - \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname - \paramlist{% - \egroup - \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}% - \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}% - \fi - \fi} - -\def\norecurse#1{\bgroup\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}} - -% \braceorline decides whether the next nonwhitespace character is a -% {. If so it reads up to the closing }, if not, it reads the whole -% line. Whatever was read is then fed to the next control sequence -% as an argument (by \parsebrace or \parsearg) -\def\braceorline#1{\let\next=#1\futurelet\nchar\braceorlinexxx} -\def\braceorlinexxx{% - \ifx\nchar\bgroup\else - \expandafter\parsearg - \fi \next} - -% We mant to disable all macros during \shipout so that they are not -% expanded by \write. -\def\turnoffmacros{\begingroup \def\do##1{\let\noexpand##1=\relax}% - \edef\next{\macrolist}\expandafter\endgroup\next} - - -% @alias. -% We need some trickery to remove the optional spaces around the equal -% sign. Just make them active and then expand them all to nothing. -\def\alias{\begingroup\obeyspaces\parsearg\aliasxxx} -\def\aliasxxx #1{\aliasyyy#1\relax} -\def\aliasyyy #1=#2\relax{\ignoreactivespaces -\edef\next{\global\let\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname=% - \expandafter\noexpand\csname#2\endcsname}% -\expandafter\endgroup\next} - - -\message{cross references,} -% @xref etc. - -\newwrite\auxfile - -\newif\ifhavexrefs % True if xref values are known. -\newif\ifwarnedxrefs % True if we warned once that they aren't known. - -% @inforef is relatively simple. -\def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**} -\def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{\putwordSee{} \putwordInfo{} \putwordfile{} \file{\ignorespaces #3{}}, - node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}} - -% @node's job is to define \lastnode. -\def\node{\ENVcheck\parsearg\nodezzz} -\def\nodezzz#1{\nodexxx [#1,]} -\def\nodexxx[#1,#2]{\gdef\lastnode{#1}} -\let\nwnode=\node -\let\lastnode=\relax - -% The sectioning commands (@chapter, etc.) call these. -\def\donoderef{% - \ifx\lastnode\relax\else - \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}% - {Ysectionnumberandtype}% - \global\let\lastnode=\relax - \fi -} -\def\unnumbnoderef{% - \ifx\lastnode\relax\else - \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}{Ynothing}% - \global\let\lastnode=\relax - \fi -} -\def\appendixnoderef{% - \ifx\lastnode\relax\else - \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}% - {Yappendixletterandtype}% - \global\let\lastnode=\relax - \fi -} - - -% @anchor{NAME} -- define xref target at arbitrary point. -% -\newcount\savesfregister -\gdef\savesf{\relax \ifhmode \savesfregister=\spacefactor \fi} -\gdef\restoresf{\relax \ifhmode \spacefactor=\savesfregister \fi} -\gdef\anchor#1{\savesf \setref{#1}{Ynothing}\restoresf \ignorespaces} - -% \setref{NAME}{SNT} defines a cross-reference point NAME (a node or an -% anchor), namely NAME-title (the corresponding @chapter/etc. name), -% NAME-pg (the page number), and NAME-snt (section number and type). -% Called from \foonoderef. -% -% We have to set \indexdummies so commands such as @code in a section -% title aren't expanded. It would be nicer not to expand the titles in -% the first place, but there's so many layers that that is hard to do. -% -% Likewise, use \turnoffactive so that punctuation chars such as underscore -% and backslash work in node names. -% -\def\setref#1#2{{% - \atdummies - \pdfmkdest{#1}% - % - \turnoffactive - \dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}% - \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}% - \dosetq{#1-snt}{#2}% -}} - -% @xref, @pxref, and @ref generate cross-references. For \xrefX, #1 is -% the node name, #2 the name of the Info cross-reference, #3 the printed -% node name, #4 the name of the Info file, #5 the name of the printed -% manual. All but the node name can be omitted. -% -\def\pxref#1{\putwordsee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} -\def\xref#1{\putwordSee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} -\def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} -\def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup - \unsepspaces - \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}% - \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #3}% - \setbox1=\hbox{\printedmanual}% - \setbox0=\hbox{\printednodename}% - \ifdim \wd0 = 0pt - % No printed node name was explicitly given. - \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname\relax - % Use the node name inside the square brackets. - \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}% - \else - % Use the actual chapter/section title appear inside - % the square brackets. Use the real section title if we have it. - \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt - % It is in another manual, so we don't have it. - \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}% - \else - \ifhavexrefs - % We know the real title if we have the xref values. - \def\printednodename{\refx{#1-title}{}}% - \else - % Otherwise just copy the Info node name. - \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}% - \fi% - \fi - \fi - \fi - % - % If we use \unhbox0 and \unhbox1 to print the node names, TeX does not - % insert empty discretionaries after hyphens, which means that it will - % not find a line break at a hyphen in a node names. Since some manuals - % are best written with fairly long node names, containing hyphens, this - % is a loss. Therefore, we give the text of the node name again, so it - % is as if TeX is seeing it for the first time. - \ifpdf - \leavevmode - \getfilename{#4}% - {\turnoffactive \otherbackslash - \ifnum\filenamelength>0 - \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}% - goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{#1}% - \else - \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}% - goto name{#1}% - \fi - }% - \linkcolor - \fi - % - \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt - \putwordsection{} ``\printednodename'' \putwordin{} \cite{\printedmanual}% - \else - % _ (for example) has to be the character _ for the purposes of the - % control sequence corresponding to the node, but it has to expand - % into the usual \leavevmode...\vrule stuff for purposes of - % printing. So we \turnoffactive for the \refx-snt, back on for the - % printing, back off for the \refx-pg. - {\turnoffactive \otherbackslash - % Only output a following space if the -snt ref is nonempty; for - % @unnumbered and @anchor, it won't be. - \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \refx{#1-snt}{}}% - \ifdim \wd2 > 0pt \refx{#1-snt}\space\fi - }% - % [mynode], - [\printednodename],\space - % page 3 - \turnoffactive \otherbackslash \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}% - \fi - \endlink -\endgroup} - -% \dosetq is called from \setref to do the actual \write (\iflinks). -% -\def\dosetq#1#2{% - {\let\folio=0% - \edef\next{\write\auxfile{\internalsetq{#1}{#2}}}% - \iflinks \next \fi - }% -} - -% \internalsetq{foo}{page} expands into -% CHARACTERS @xrdef{foo}{...expansion of \page...} -\def\internalsetq#1#2{@xrdef{#1}{\csname #2\endcsname}} - -% Things to be expanded by \internalsetq. -% -\def\Ypagenumber{\folio} -\def\Ytitle{\thissection} -\def\Ynothing{} -\def\Ysectionnumberandtype{% - \ifnum\secno=0 - \putwordChapter@tie \the\chapno - \else \ifnum\subsecno=0 - \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno - \else \ifnum\subsubsecno=0 - \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno - \else - \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno - \fi\fi\fi -} - -\def\Yappendixletterandtype{% - \ifnum\secno=0 - \putwordAppendix@tie @char\the\appendixno{}% - \else \ifnum\subsecno=0 - \putwordSection@tie @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno - \else \ifnum\subsubsecno=0 - \putwordSection@tie @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno - \else - \putwordSection@tie - @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno - \fi\fi\fi -} - -% Use TeX 3.0's \inputlineno to get the line number, for better error -% messages, but if we're using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. -% -\ifx\inputlineno\thisisundefined - \let\linenumber = \empty % Pre-3.0. -\else - \def\linenumber{\the\inputlineno:\space} -\fi - -% Define \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} to reference a cross-reference string named NAME. -% If its value is nonempty, SUFFIX is output afterward. -% -\def\refx#1#2{% - {% - \indexnofonts - \otherbackslash - \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\expandafter\thisrefX - \csname X#1\endcsname - }% - \ifx\thisrefX\relax - % If not defined, say something at least. - \angleleft un\-de\-fined\angleright - \iflinks - \ifhavexrefs - \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}% - \else - \ifwarnedxrefs\else - \global\warnedxrefstrue - \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}% - \fi - \fi - \fi - \else - % It's defined, so just use it. - \thisrefX - \fi - #2% Output the suffix in any case. -} - -% This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file. -% -\def\xrdef#1{\expandafter\gdef\csname X#1\endcsname} - -% Read the last existing aux file, if any. No error if none exists. -\def\readauxfile{\begingroup - \catcode`\^^@=\other - \catcode`\^^A=\other - \catcode`\^^B=\other - \catcode`\^^C=\other - \catcode`\^^D=\other - \catcode`\^^E=\other - \catcode`\^^F=\other - \catcode`\^^G=\other - \catcode`\^^H=\other - \catcode`\^^K=\other - \catcode`\^^L=\other - \catcode`\^^N=\other - \catcode`\^^P=\other - \catcode`\^^Q=\other - \catcode`\^^R=\other - \catcode`\^^S=\other - \catcode`\^^T=\other - \catcode`\^^U=\other - \catcode`\^^V=\other - \catcode`\^^W=\other - \catcode`\^^X=\other - \catcode`\^^Z=\other - \catcode`\^^[=\other - \catcode`\^^\=\other - \catcode`\^^]=\other - \catcode`\^^^=\other - \catcode`\^^_=\other - % It was suggested to set the catcode of ^ to 7, which would allow ^^e4 etc. - % in xref tags, i.e., node names. But since ^^e4 notation isn't - % supported in the main text, it doesn't seem desirable. Furthermore, - % that is not enough: for node names that actually contain a ^ - % character, we would end up writing a line like this: 'xrdef {'hat - % b-title}{'hat b} and \xrdef does a \csname...\endcsname on the first - % argument, and \hat is not an expandable control sequence. It could - % all be worked out, but why? Either we support ^^ or we don't. - % - % The other change necessary for this was to define \auxhat: - % \def\auxhat{\def^{'hat }}% extra space so ok if followed by letter - % and then to call \auxhat in \setq. - % - \catcode`\^=\other - % - % Special characters. Should be turned off anyway, but... - \catcode`\~=\other - \catcode`\[=\other - \catcode`\]=\other - \catcode`\"=\other - \catcode`\_=\other - \catcode`\|=\other - \catcode`\<=\other - \catcode`\>=\other - \catcode`\$=\other - \catcode`\#=\other - \catcode`\&=\other - \catcode`\%=\other - \catcode`+=\other % avoid \+ for paranoia even though we've turned it off - % - % Make the characters 128-255 be printing characters - {% - \count 1=128 - \def\loop{% - \catcode\count 1=\other - \advance\count 1 by 1 - \ifnum \count 1<256 \loop \fi - }% - }% - % - % Turn off \ as an escape so we do not lose on - % entries which were dumped with control sequences in their names. - % For example, @xrdef{$\leq $-fun}{page ...} made by @defun ^^ - % Reference to such entries still does not work the way one would wish, - % but at least they do not bomb out when the aux file is read in. - \catcode`\\=\other - % - % @ is our escape character in .aux files. - \catcode`\{=1 - \catcode`\}=2 - \catcode`\@=0 - % - \openin 1 \jobname.aux - \ifeof 1 \else - \closein 1 - \input \jobname.aux - \global\havexrefstrue - \global\warnedobstrue - \fi - % Open the new aux file. TeX will close it automatically at exit. - \openout\auxfile=\jobname.aux -\endgroup} - - -% Footnotes. - -\newcount \footnoteno - -% The trailing space in the following definition for supereject is -% vital for proper filling; pages come out unaligned when you do a -% pagealignmacro call if that space before the closing brace is -% removed. (Generally, numeric constants should always be followed by a -% space to prevent strange expansion errors.) -\def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 } - -% @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only. -\let\footnotestyle=\comment - -\let\ptexfootnote=\footnote - -{\catcode `\@=11 -% -% Auto-number footnotes. Otherwise like plain. -\gdef\footnote{% - \global\advance\footnoteno by \@ne - \edef\thisfootno{$^{\the\footnoteno}$}% - % - % In case the footnote comes at the end of a sentence, preserve the - % extra spacing after we do the footnote number. - \let\@sf\empty - \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi - % - % Remove inadvertent blank space before typesetting the footnote number. - \unskip - \thisfootno\@sf - \dofootnote -}% - -% Don't bother with the trickery in plain.tex to not require the -% footnote text as a parameter. Our footnotes don't need to be so general. -% -% Oh yes, they do; otherwise, @ifset and anything else that uses -% \parseargline fail inside footnotes because the tokens are fixed when -% the footnote is read. --karl, 16nov96. -% -% The start of the footnote looks usually like this: -\gdef\startfootins{\insert\footins\bgroup} -% -% ... but this macro is redefined inside @multitable. -% -\gdef\dofootnote{% - \startfootins - % We want to typeset this text as a normal paragraph, even if the - % footnote reference occurs in (for example) a display environment. - % So reset some parameters. - \hsize=\pagewidth - \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty - \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes - \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox - \floatingpenalty\@MM - \leftskip\z@skip - \rightskip\z@skip - \spaceskip\z@skip - \xspaceskip\z@skip - \parindent\defaultparindent - % - \smallfonts \rm - % - % Because we use hanging indentation in footnotes, a @noindent appears - % to exdent this text, so make it be a no-op. makeinfo does not use - % hanging indentation so @noindent can still be needed within footnote - % text after an @example or the like (not that this is good style). - \let\noindent = \relax - % - % Hang the footnote text off the number. Use \everypar in case the - % footnote extends for more than one paragraph. - \everypar = {\hang}% - \textindent{\thisfootno}% - % - % Don't crash into the line above the footnote text. Since this - % expands into a box, it must come within the paragraph, lest it - % provide a place where TeX can split the footnote. - \footstrut - \futurelet\next\fo@t -} -}%end \catcode `\@=11 - -% @| inserts a changebar to the left of the current line. It should -% surround any changed text. This approach does *not* work if the -% change spans more than two lines of output. To handle that, we would -% have adopt a much more difficult approach (putting marks into the main -% vertical list for the beginning and end of each change). -% -\def\|{% - % \vadjust can only be used in horizontal mode. - \leavevmode - % - % Append this vertical mode material after the current line in the output. - \vadjust{% - % We want to insert a rule with the height and depth of the current - % leading; that is exactly what \strutbox is supposed to record. - \vskip-\baselineskip - % - % \vadjust-items are inserted at the left edge of the type. So - % the \llap here moves out into the left-hand margin. - \llap{% - % - % For a thicker or thinner bar, change the `1pt'. - \vrule height\baselineskip width1pt - % - % This is the space between the bar and the text. - \hskip 12pt - }% - }% -} - -% For a final copy, take out the rectangles -% that mark overfull boxes (in case you have decided -% that the text looks ok even though it passes the margin). -% -\def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt} - -% @image. We use the macros from epsf.tex to support this. -% If epsf.tex is not installed and @image is used, we complain. -% -% Check for and read epsf.tex up front. If we read it only at @image -% time, we might be inside a group, and then its definitions would get -% undone and the next image would fail. -\openin 1 = epsf.tex -\ifeof 1 \else - \closein 1 - % Do not bother showing banner with epsf.tex v2.7k (available in - % doc/epsf.tex and on ctan). - \def\epsfannounce{\toks0 = }% - \input epsf.tex -\fi -% -% We will only complain once about lack of epsf.tex. -\newif\ifwarnednoepsf -\newhelp\noepsfhelp{epsf.tex must be installed for images to - work. It is also included in the Texinfo distribution, or you can get - it from ftp://tug.org/tex/epsf.tex.} -% -\def\image#1{% - \ifx\epsfbox\undefined - \ifwarnednoepsf \else - \errhelp = \noepsfhelp - \errmessage{epsf.tex not found, images will be ignored}% - \global\warnednoepsftrue - \fi - \else - \imagexxx #1,,,,,\finish - \fi -} -% -% Arguments to @image: -% #1 is (mandatory) image filename; we tack on .eps extension. -% #2 is (optional) width, #3 is (optional) height. -% #4 is (ignored optional) html alt text. -% #5 is (ignored optional) extension. -% #6 is just the usual extra ignored arg for parsing this stuff. -\newif\ifimagevmode -\def\imagexxx#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6\finish{\begingroup - \catcode`\^^M = 5 % in case we're inside an example - \normalturnoffactive % allow _ et al. in names - % If the image is by itself, center it. - \ifvmode - \imagevmodetrue - \nobreak\bigskip - % Usually we'll have text after the image which will insert - % \parskip glue, so insert it here too to equalize the space - % above and below. - \nobreak\vskip\parskip - \nobreak - \line\bgroup\hss - \fi - % - % Output the image. - \ifpdf - \dopdfimage{#1}{#2}{#3}% - \else - % \epsfbox itself resets \epsf?size at each figure. - \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfxsize=#2\relax \fi - \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfysize=#3\relax \fi - \epsfbox{#1.eps}% - \fi - % - \ifimagevmode \hss \egroup \bigbreak \fi % space after the image -\endgroup} - - -\message{localization,} -% and i18n. - -% @documentlanguage is usually given very early, just after -% @setfilename. If done too late, it may not override everything -% properly. Single argument is the language abbreviation. -% It would be nice if we could set up a hyphenation file here. -% -\def\documentlanguage{\parsearg\dodocumentlanguage} -\def\dodocumentlanguage#1{% - \tex % read txi-??.tex file in plain TeX. - % Read the file if it exists. - \openin 1 txi-#1.tex - \ifeof1 - \errhelp = \nolanghelp - \errmessage{Cannot read language file txi-#1.tex}% - \let\temp = \relax - \else - \def\temp{\input txi-#1.tex }% - \fi - \temp - \endgroup -} -\newhelp\nolanghelp{The given language definition file cannot be found or -is empty. Maybe you need to install it? In the current directory -should work if nowhere else does.} - - -% @documentencoding should change something in TeX eventually, most -% likely, but for now just recognize it. -\let\documentencoding = \comment - - -% Page size parameters. -% -\newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt - -\chapheadingskip = 15pt plus 4pt minus 2pt -\secheadingskip = 12pt plus 3pt minus 2pt -\subsecheadingskip = 9pt plus 2pt minus 2pt - -% Prevent underfull vbox error messages. -\vbadness = 10000 - -% Don't be so finicky about underfull hboxes, either. -\hbadness = 2000 - -% Following George Bush, just get rid of widows and orphans. -\widowpenalty=10000 -\clubpenalty=10000 - -% Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're -% using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. We want the amount of -% stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on -% \hsize. We call this whenever the paper size is set. -% -\def\setemergencystretch{% - \ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined - % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway. - \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}% - \else - \emergencystretch = .15\hsize - \fi -} - -% Parameters in order: 1) textheight; 2) textwidth; 3) voffset; -% 4) hoffset; 5) binding offset; 6) topskip; 7) physical page height; 8) -% physical page width. -% -% We also call \setleading{\textleading}, so the caller should define -% \textleading. The caller should also set \parskip. -% -\def\internalpagesizes#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8{% - \voffset = #3\relax - \topskip = #6\relax - \splittopskip = \topskip - % - \vsize = #1\relax - \advance\vsize by \topskip - \outervsize = \vsize - \advance\outervsize by 2\topandbottommargin - \pageheight = \vsize - % - \hsize = #2\relax - \outerhsize = \hsize - \advance\outerhsize by 0.5in - \pagewidth = \hsize - % - \normaloffset = #4\relax - \bindingoffset = #5\relax - % - \ifpdf - \pdfpageheight #7\relax - \pdfpagewidth #8\relax - \fi - % - \setleading{\textleading} - % - \parindent = \defaultparindent - \setemergencystretch -} - -% @letterpaper (the default). -\def\letterpaper{{\globaldefs = 1 - \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt - \textleading = 13.2pt - % - % If page is nothing but text, make it come out even. - \internalpagesizes{46\baselineskip}{6in}% - {\voffset}{.25in}% - {\bindingoffset}{36pt}% - {11in}{8.5in}% -}} - -% Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.5 (or so) format. -\def\smallbook{{\globaldefs = 1 - \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt - \textleading = 12pt - % - \internalpagesizes{7.5in}{5in}% - {\voffset}{.25in}% - {\bindingoffset}{16pt}% - {9.25in}{7in}% - % - \lispnarrowing = 0.3in - \tolerance = 700 - \hfuzz = 1pt - \contentsrightmargin = 0pt - \defbodyindent = .5cm -}} - -% Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper. -\def\afourpaper{{\globaldefs = 1 - \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt - \textleading = 13.2pt - % - % Double-side printing via postscript on Laserjet 4050 - % prints double-sided nicely when \bindingoffset=10mm and \hoffset=-6mm. - % To change the settings for a different printer or situation, adjust - % \normaloffset until the front-side and back-side texts align. Then - % do the same for \bindingoffset. You can set these for testing in - % your texinfo source file like this: - % @tex - % \global\normaloffset = -6mm - % \global\bindingoffset = 10mm - % @end tex - \internalpagesizes{51\baselineskip}{160mm} - {\voffset}{\hoffset}% - {\bindingoffset}{44pt}% - {297mm}{210mm}% - % - \tolerance = 700 - \hfuzz = 1pt - \contentsrightmargin = 0pt - \defbodyindent = 5mm -}} - -% Use @afivepaper to print on European A5 paper. -% From romildo@urano.iceb.ufop.br, 2 July 2000. -% He also recommends making @example and @lisp be small. -\def\afivepaper{{\globaldefs = 1 - \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.1pt - \textleading = 12.5pt - % - \internalpagesizes{160mm}{120mm}% - {\voffset}{\hoffset}% - {\bindingoffset}{8pt}% - {210mm}{148mm}% - % - \lispnarrowing = 0.2in - \tolerance = 800 - \hfuzz = 1.2pt - \contentsrightmargin = 0pt - \defbodyindent = 2mm - \tableindent = 12mm -}} - -% A specific text layout, 24x15cm overall, intended for A4 paper. -\def\afourlatex{{\globaldefs = 1 - \afourpaper - \internalpagesizes{237mm}{150mm}% - {\voffset}{4.6mm}% - {\bindingoffset}{7mm}% - {297mm}{210mm}% - % - % Must explicitly reset to 0 because we call \afourpaper. - \globaldefs = 0 -}} - -% Use @afourwide to print on A4 paper in landscape format. -\def\afourwide{{\globaldefs = 1 - \afourpaper - \internalpagesizes{241mm}{165mm}% - {\voffset}{-2.95mm}% - {\bindingoffset}{7mm}% - {297mm}{210mm}% - \globaldefs = 0 -}} - -% @pagesizes TEXTHEIGHT[,TEXTWIDTH] -% Perhaps we should allow setting the margins, \topskip, \parskip, -% and/or leading, also. Or perhaps we should compute them somehow. -% -\def\pagesizes{\parsearg\pagesizesxxx} -\def\pagesizesxxx#1{\pagesizesyyy #1,,\finish} -\def\pagesizesyyy#1,#2,#3\finish{{% - \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \hsize=#2\relax \fi - \globaldefs = 1 - % - \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt - \setleading{\textleading}% - % - \dimen0 = #1 - \advance\dimen0 by \voffset - % - \dimen2 = \hsize - \advance\dimen2 by \normaloffset - % - \internalpagesizes{#1}{\hsize}% - {\voffset}{\normaloffset}% - {\bindingoffset}{44pt}% - {\dimen0}{\dimen2}% -}} - -% Set default to letter. -% -\letterpaper - - -\message{and turning on texinfo input format.} - -% Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text. -\catcode`\"=\other -\catcode`\~=\other -\catcode`\^=\other -\catcode`\_=\other -\catcode`\|=\other -\catcode`\<=\other -\catcode`\>=\other -\catcode`\+=\other -\catcode`\$=\other -\def\normaldoublequote{"} -\def\normaltilde{~} -\def\normalcaret{^} -\def\normalunderscore{_} -\def\normalverticalbar{|} -\def\normalless{<} -\def\normalgreater{>} -\def\normalplus{+} -\def\normaldollar{$}%$ font-lock fix - -% This macro is used to make a character print one way in ttfont -% where it can probably just be output, and another way in other fonts, -% where something hairier probably needs to be done. -% -% #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print -% otherwise. Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero -% interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all -% typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter. -% -\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi} - -% Same as above, but check for italic font. Actually this also catches -% non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from -% italic fonts. But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway -% this is not a problem. -\def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi} - -% Turn off all special characters except @ -% (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary). -% Most of these we simply print from the \tt font, but for some, we can -% use math or other variants that look better in normal text. - -\catcode`\"=\active -\def\activedoublequote{{\tt\char34}} -\let"=\activedoublequote -\catcode`\~=\active -\def~{{\tt\char126}} -\chardef\hat=`\^ -\catcode`\^=\active -\def^{{\tt \hat}} - -\catcode`\_=\active -\def_{\ifusingtt\normalunderscore\_} -% Subroutine for the previous macro. -\def\_{\leavevmode \kern.07em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}\kern .07em } - -\catcode`\|=\active -\def|{{\tt\char124}} -\chardef \less=`\< -\catcode`\<=\active -\def<{{\tt \less}} -\chardef \gtr=`\> -\catcode`\>=\active -\def>{{\tt \gtr}} -\catcode`\+=\active -\def+{{\tt \char 43}} -\catcode`\$=\active -\def${\ifusingit{{\sl\$}}\normaldollar}%$ font-lock fix - -% Set up an active definition for =, but don't enable it most of the time. -{\catcode`\==\active -\global\def={{\tt \char 61}}} - -\catcode`+=\active -\catcode`\_=\active - -% If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file -% name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line. -% So turn them off again, and have \everyjob (or @setfilename) turn them on. -% \otherifyactive is called near the end of this file. -\def\otherifyactive{\catcode`+=\other \catcode`\_=\other} - -\catcode`\@=0 - -% \rawbackslashxx outputs one backslash character in current font, -% as in \char`\\. -\global\chardef\rawbackslashxx=`\\ - -% \rawbackslash defines an active \ to do \rawbackslashxx. -% \otherbackslash defines an active \ to be a literal `\' character with -% catcode other. -{\catcode`\\=\active - @gdef@rawbackslash{@let\=@rawbackslashxx} - @gdef@otherbackslash{@let\=@realbackslash} -} - -% \realbackslash is an actual character `\' with catcode other. -{\catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\}} - -% \normalbackslash outputs one backslash in fixed width font. -\def\normalbackslash{{\tt\rawbackslashxx}} - -\catcode`\\=\active - -% Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters -% even after parsing them. -@def@turnoffactive{% - @let"=@normaldoublequote - @let\=@realbackslash - @let~=@normaltilde - @let^=@normalcaret - @let_=@normalunderscore - @let|=@normalverticalbar - @let<=@normalless - @let>=@normalgreater - @let+=@normalplus - @let$=@normaldollar %$ font-lock fix -} - -% Same as @turnoffactive except outputs \ as {\tt\char`\\} instead of -% the literal character `\'. (Thus, \ is not expandable when this is in -% effect.) -% -@def@normalturnoffactive{@turnoffactive @let\=@normalbackslash} - -% Make _ and + \other characters, temporarily. -% This is canceled by @fixbackslash. -@otherifyactive - -% If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up. -% That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing -% a backslash. -% -@gdef@eatinput input texinfo{@fixbackslash} -@global@let\ = @eatinput - -% On the other hand, perhaps the file did not have a `\input texinfo'. Then -% the first `\{ in the file would cause an error. This macro tries to fix -% that, assuming it is called before the first `\' could plausibly occur. -% Also back turn on active characters that might appear in the input -% file name, in case not using a pre-dumped format. -% -@gdef@fixbackslash{% - @ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi - @catcode`+=@active - @catcode`@_=@active -} - -% Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages. -@escapechar = `@@ - -% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special. -@catcode`@& = @other -@catcode`@# = @other -@catcode`@% = @other - -@c Set initial fonts. -@textfonts -@rm - - -@c Local variables: -@c eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp) -@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message" -@c time-stamp-start: "def\\\\texinfoversion{" -@c time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H" -@c time-stamp-end: "}" -@c End: diff --git a/lib/readline/rlptytest.c b/lib/readline/rlptytest.c deleted file mode 100644 index ee351a944..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/rlptytest.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,301 +0,0 @@ -/* - * - * Another test harness for the readline callback interface. - * - * Author: Bob Rossi - */ - -#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) -#include -#endif - -#include -#include -#include -#include - -#include -#include - -#include - -#if 0 /* LINUX */ -#include -#else -#include -#endif - -#ifdef READLINE_LIBRARY -# include "readline.h" -#else -# include -#endif - -/** - * Master/Slave PTY used to keep readline off of stdin/stdout. - */ -static int masterfd = -1; -static int slavefd; - -void -sigint (s) - int s; -{ - tty_reset (STDIN_FILENO); - close (masterfd); - close (slavefd); - printf ("\n"); - exit (0); -} - -static int -user_input() -{ - int size; - const int MAX = 1024; - char *buf = (char *)malloc(MAX+1); - - size = read (STDIN_FILENO, buf, MAX); - if (size == -1) - return -1; - - size = write (masterfd, buf, size); - if (size == -1) - return -1; - - return 0; -} - -static int -readline_input() -{ - const int MAX = 1024; - char *buf = (char *)malloc(MAX+1); - int size; - - size = read (masterfd, buf, MAX); - if (size == -1) - { - free( buf ); - buf = NULL; - return -1; - } - - buf[size] = 0; - - /* Display output from readline */ - if ( size > 0 ) - fprintf(stderr, "%s", buf); - - free( buf ); - buf = NULL; - return 0; -} - -static void -rlctx_send_user_command(char *line) -{ - /* This happens when rl_callback_read_char gets EOF */ - if ( line == NULL ) - return; - - if (strcmp (line, "exit") == 0) { - tty_reset (STDIN_FILENO); - close (masterfd); - close (slavefd); - printf ("\n"); - exit (0); - } - - /* Don't add the enter command */ - if ( line && *line != '\0' ) - add_history(line); -} - -static void -custom_deprep_term_function () -{ -} - -static int -init_readline (int inputfd, int outputfd) -{ - FILE *inputFILE, *outputFILE; - - inputFILE = fdopen (inputfd, "r"); - if (!inputFILE) - return -1; - - outputFILE = fdopen (outputfd, "w"); - if (!outputFILE) - return -1; - - rl_instream = inputFILE; - rl_outstream = outputFILE; - - /* Tell readline what the prompt is if it needs to put it back */ - rl_callback_handler_install("(rltest): ", rlctx_send_user_command); - - /* Set the terminal type to dumb so the output of readline can be - * understood by tgdb */ - if ( rl_reset_terminal("dumb") == -1 ) - return -1; - - /* For some reason, readline can not deprep the terminal. - * However, it doesn't matter because no other application is working on - * the terminal besides readline */ - rl_deprep_term_function = custom_deprep_term_function; - - using_history(); - read_history(".history"); - - return 0; -} - -static int -main_loop(void) -{ - fd_set rset; - int max; - - max = (masterfd > STDIN_FILENO) ? masterfd : STDIN_FILENO; - max = (max > slavefd) ? max : slavefd; - - for (;;) - { - /* Reset the fd_set, and watch for input from GDB or stdin */ - FD_ZERO(&rset); - - FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rset); - FD_SET(slavefd, &rset); - FD_SET(masterfd, &rset); - - /* Wait for input */ - if (select(max + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) - { - if (errno == EINTR) - continue; - else - return -1; - } - - /* Input received through the pty: Handle it - * Wrote to masterfd, slave fd has that input, alert readline to read it. - */ - if (FD_ISSET(slavefd, &rset)) - rl_callback_read_char(); - - /* Input received through the pty. - * Readline read from slavefd, and it wrote to the masterfd. - */ - if (FD_ISSET(masterfd, &rset)) - if ( readline_input() == -1 ) - return -1; - - /* Input received: Handle it, write to masterfd (input to readline) */ - if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rset)) - if ( user_input() == -1 ) - return -1; - } - - return 0; -} - -/* The terminal attributes before calling tty_cbreak */ -static struct termios save_termios; -static struct winsize size; -static enum { RESET, TCBREAK } ttystate = RESET; - -/* tty_cbreak: Sets terminal to cbreak mode. Also known as noncanonical mode. - * 1. Signal handling is still turned on, so the user can still type those. - * 2. echo is off - * 3. Read in one char at a time. - * - * fd - The file descriptor of the terminal - * - * Returns: 0 on sucess, -1 on error - */ -int tty_cbreak(int fd){ - struct termios buf; - int ttysavefd = -1; - - if(tcgetattr(fd, &save_termios) < 0) - return -1; - - buf = save_termios; - buf.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON); - buf.c_iflag &= ~(ICRNL | INLCR); - buf.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; - buf.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; - -#if defined (VLNEXT) && defined (_POSIX_VDISABLE) - buf.c_cc[VLNEXT] = _POSIX_VDISABLE; -#endif - -#if defined (VDSUSP) && defined (_POSIX_VDISABLE) - buf.c_cc[VDSUSP] = _POSIX_VDISABLE; -#endif - - if(tcsetattr(fd, TCSAFLUSH, &buf) < 0) - return -1; - - ttystate = TCBREAK; - ttysavefd = fd; - - /* set size */ - if(ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&size) < 0) - return -1; - -#ifdef DEBUG - err_msg("%d rows and %d cols\n", size.ws_row, size.ws_col); -#endif - - return (0); -} - -/* tty_reset: Sets the terminal attributes back to their previous state. - * PRE: tty_cbreak must have already been called. - * - * fd - The file descrioptor of the terminal to reset. - * - * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error - */ -int tty_reset(int fd){ - if(ttystate != TCBREAK) - return (0); - - if(tcsetattr(fd, TCSAFLUSH, &save_termios) < 0) - return (-1); - - ttystate = RESET; - - return 0; -} - -int -main() -{ - int val; - val = openpty (&masterfd, &slavefd, NULL, NULL, NULL); - if (val == -1) - return -1; - - val = init_readline (slavefd, slavefd); - if (val == -1) - return -1; - - val = tty_cbreak (STDIN_FILENO); - if (val == -1) - return -1; - - signal (SIGINT, sigint); - - val = main_loop (); - - tty_reset (STDIN_FILENO); - - if (val == -1) - return -1; - - return 0; -} diff --git a/po/builtins.pot b/po/builtins.pot deleted file mode 100644 index e30179c3a..000000000 --- a/po/builtins.pot +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2845 +0,0 @@ -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:244 -msgid "`alias' with no arguments or with the -p option prints the list" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:245 -msgid "of aliases in the form alias NAME=VALUE on standard output." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:246 -msgid "Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:247 -msgid "A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:248 -msgid "alias substitution when the alias is expanded. Alias returns" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:249 -msgid "true unless a NAME is given for which no alias has been defined." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:257 -msgid "" -"Remove NAMEs from the list of defined aliases. If the -a option is given," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:258 -msgid "then remove all alias definitions." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:266 -msgid "Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:267 -msgid "a Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:268 -msgid "to that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:269 -msgid "bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:270 -msgid "bind accepts the following options:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:271 -msgid "" -" -m keymap Use `keymap' as the keymap for the duration of this" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:272 -msgid " command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:273 -msgid "" -" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:274 -msgid " vi-command, and vi-insert." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:275 -msgid " -l List names of functions." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:276 -msgid " -P List function names and bindings." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:277 -msgid " -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:278 -msgid " reused as input." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:279 -msgid " -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:280 -msgid " -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:281 -msgid "\t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:282 -msgid " -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:283 -msgid " -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:284 -msgid "" -" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:285 -msgid " -V List variable names and values" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:286 -msgid " -v List variable names and values in a form that can" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:287 -msgid " be reused as input." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:288 -msgid "" -" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:289 -msgid "" -" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:290 -msgid " in a form that can be reused as input." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:297 -msgid "Exit from within a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:298 -msgid "break N levels." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:304 -msgid "Resume the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:305 -msgid "If N is specified, resume at the N-th enclosing loop." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:311 -msgid "Run a shell builtin. This is useful when you wish to rename a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:312 -msgid "shell builtin to be a function, but need the functionality of the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:313 -msgid "builtin within the function itself." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:320 -msgid "Returns the context of the current subroutine call." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:321 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:325 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:390 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:392 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:401 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:404 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:408 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:445 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:487 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:491 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:498 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:509 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:513 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:552 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:555 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:559 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:562 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:630 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:637 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:692 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:713 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:718 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:722 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:745 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:835 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:919 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:921 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:943 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:946 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:948 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:950 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:952 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:954 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:957 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:966 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:968 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:973 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:976 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1019 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1024 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1028 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1032 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1034 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1047 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1062 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1226 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1231 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1305 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1309 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1313 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1316 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1319 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1331 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1335 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1339 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1342 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1354 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1362 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1365 -msgid "" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:322 -msgid "Without EXPR, returns returns \"$line $filename\". With EXPR," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:323 -msgid "returns \"$line $subroutine $filename\"; this extra information" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:324 -msgid "can be used used to provide a stack trace." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:326 -msgid "The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:327 -msgid "current one; the top frame is frame 0." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:334 -msgid "Change the current directory to DIR. The variable $HOME is the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:335 -msgid "default DIR. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:336 -msgid "the directory containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:337 -msgid "are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name is the same as" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:338 -msgid "the current directory, i.e. `.'. If DIR begins with a slash (/)," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:339 -msgid "then CDPATH is not used. If the directory is not found, and the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:340 -msgid "shell option `cdable_vars' is set, then try the word as a variable" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:341 -msgid "name. If that variable has a value, then cd to the value of that" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:342 -msgid "variable. The -P option says to use the physical directory structure" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:343 -msgid "" -"instead of following symbolic links; the -L option forces symbolic links" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:344 -msgid "to be followed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:350 -msgid "Print the current working directory. With the -P option, pwd prints" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:351 -msgid "the physical directory, without any symbolic links; the -L option" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:352 -msgid "makes pwd follow symbolic links." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:358 -msgid "No effect; the command does nothing. A zero exit code is returned." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:364 -msgid "Return a successful result." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:370 -msgid "Return an unsuccessful result." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:376 -msgid "Runs COMMAND with ARGS ignoring shell functions. If you have a shell" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:377 -msgid "function called `ls', and you wish to call the command `ls', you can" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:378 -msgid "say \"command ls\". If the -p option is given, a default value is used" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:379 -msgid "for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:380 -msgid "the -V or -v option is given, a string is printed describing COMMAND." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:381 -msgid "The -V option produces a more verbose description." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:387 -msgid "Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no NAMEs are" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:388 -msgid "given, then display the values of variables instead. The -p option" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:389 -msgid "will display the attributes and values of each NAME." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:391 -msgid "The flags are:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:393 -msgid " -a\tto make NAMEs arrays (if supported)" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:394 -msgid " -f\tto select from among function names only" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:395 -msgid "" -" -F\tto display function names (and line number and source file name if" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:396 -msgid "\tdebugging) without definitions" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:397 -msgid " -i\tto make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:398 -msgid " -r\tto make NAMEs readonly" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:399 -msgid " -t\tto make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:400 -msgid " -x\tto make NAMEs export" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:402 -msgid "Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:403 -msgid "`let') done when the variable is assigned to." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:405 -msgid "When displaying values of variables, -f displays a function's name" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:406 -msgid "and definition. The -F option restricts the display to function" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:407 -msgid "name only." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:409 -msgid "Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute instead. When" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:410 -msgid "used in a function, makes NAMEs local, as with the `local' command." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:416 -msgid "Obsolete. See `declare'." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:422 -msgid "Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. LOCAL" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:423 -msgid "can only be used within a function; it makes the variable NAME" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:424 -msgid "have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:431 -msgid "Output the ARGs. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:432 -msgid "suppressed. If the -e option is given, interpretation of the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:433 -msgid "following backslash-escaped characters is turned on:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:434 -msgid "\t\\a\talert (bell)" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:435 -msgid "\t\\b\tbackspace" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:436 -msgid "\t\\c\tsuppress trailing newline" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:437 -msgid "\t\\E\tescape character" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:438 -msgid "\t\\f\tform feed" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:439 -msgid "\t\\n\tnew line" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:440 -msgid "\t\\r\tcarriage return" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:441 -msgid "\t\\t\thorizontal tab" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:442 -msgid "\t\\v\tvertical tab" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:443 -msgid "\t\\\\\tbackslash" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:444 -msgid "\t\\num\tthe character whose ASCII code is NUM (octal)." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:446 -msgid "You can explicitly turn off the interpretation of the above characters" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:447 -msgid "with the -E option." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:455 -msgid "" -"Output the ARGs. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:462 -msgid "Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:463 -msgid "you to use a disk command which has the same name as a shell" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:464 -msgid "builtin without specifying a full pathname. If -n is used, the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:465 -msgid "NAMEs become disabled; otherwise NAMEs are enabled. For example," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:466 -msgid "to use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:467 -msgid "version, type `enable -n test'. On systems supporting dynamic" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:468 -msgid "loading, the -f option may be used to load new builtins from the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:469 -msgid "shared object FILENAME. The -d option will delete a builtin" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:470 -msgid "previously loaded with -f. If no non-option names are given, or" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:471 -msgid "the -p option is supplied, a list of builtins is printed. The" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:472 -msgid "-a option means to print every builtin with an indication of whether" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:473 -msgid "" -"or not it is enabled. The -s option restricts the output to the POSIX.2" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:474 -msgid "" -"`special' builtins. The -n option displays a list of all disabled builtins." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:480 -msgid "Read ARGs as input to the shell and execute the resulting command(s)." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:486 -msgid "Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:488 -msgid "OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:489 -msgid "is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:490 -msgid "which should be separated from it by white space." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:492 -msgid "Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:493 -msgid "shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:494 -msgid "the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:495 -msgid "variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:496 -msgid "a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:497 -msgid "getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:499 -msgid "getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:500 -msgid "of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:501 -msgid "this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:502 -msgid "seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:503 -msgid "required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:504 -msgid "sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:505 -msgid "silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:506 -msgid "NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:507 -msgid "is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:508 -msgid "printed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:510 -msgid "If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:511 -msgid "printing of error messages, even if the first character of" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:512 -msgid "OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:514 -msgid "Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:515 -msgid "more arguments are given, they are parsed instead." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:521 -msgid "Exec FILE, replacing this shell with the specified program." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:522 -msgid "If FILE is not specified, the redirections take effect in this" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:523 -msgid "shell. If the first argument is `-l', then place a dash in the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:524 -msgid "zeroth arg passed to FILE, as login does. If the `-c' option" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:525 -msgid "is supplied, FILE is executed with a null environment. The `-a'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:526 -msgid "option means to make set argv[0] of the executed process to NAME." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:527 -msgid "If the file cannot be executed and the shell is not interactive," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:528 -msgid "then the shell exits, unless the shell option `execfail' is set." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:534 -msgid "Exit the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:535 -msgid "is that of the last command executed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:541 -msgid "Logout of a login shell." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:548 -msgid "" -"fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:549 -msgid "FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:550 -msgid "string, which means the most recent command beginning with that" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:551 -msgid "string." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:553 -msgid "" -" -e ENAME selects which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:554 -msgid " then vi." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:556 -msgid " -l means list lines instead of editing." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:557 -msgid " -n means no line numbers listed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:558 -msgid "" -" -r means reverse the order of the lines (making it newest listed first)." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:560 -msgid "With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, the command is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:561 -msgid "re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:563 -msgid "A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:564 -msgid "runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:565 -msgid "the last command." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:573 -msgid "Place JOB_SPEC in the foreground, and make it the current job. If" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:574 -msgid "JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:575 -msgid "used." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:583 -msgid "Place JOB_SPEC in the background, as if it had been started with" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:584 -msgid "`&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:585 -msgid "job is used." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:592 -msgid "For each NAME, the full pathname of the command is determined and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:593 -msgid "remembered. If the -p option is supplied, PATHNAME is used as the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:594 -msgid "full pathname of NAME, and no path search is performed. The -r" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:595 -msgid "option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -d" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:596 -msgid "option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each NAME." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:597 -msgid "If the -t option is supplied the full pathname to which each NAME" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:598 -msgid "corresponds is printed. If multiple NAME arguments are supplied with" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:599 -msgid "-t, the NAME is printed before the hashed full pathname. The -l option" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:600 -msgid "causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:601 -msgid "" -"If no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is " -"displayed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:608 -msgid "Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:609 -msgid "specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:610 -msgid "otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. The -s option" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:611 -msgid "restricts the output for each builtin command matching PATTERN to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:612 -msgid "a short usage synopsis." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:620 -msgid "Display the history list with line numbers. Lines listed with" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:621 -msgid "with a `*' have been modified. Argument of N says to list only" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:622 -msgid "the last N lines. The `-c' option causes the history list to be" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:623 -msgid "cleared by deleting all of the entries. The `-d' option deletes" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:624 -msgid "the history entry at offset OFFSET. The `-w' option writes out the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:625 -msgid "current history to the history file; `-r' means to read the file and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:626 -msgid "append the contents to the history list instead. `-a' means" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:627 -msgid "to append history lines from this session to the history file." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:628 -msgid "Argument `-n' means to read all history lines not already read" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:629 -msgid "from the history file and append them to the history list." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:631 -msgid "If FILENAME is given, then that is used as the history file else" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:632 -msgid "if $HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:633 -msgid "If the -s option is supplied, the non-option ARGs are appended to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:634 -msgid "the history list as a single entry. The -p option means to perform" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:635 -msgid "history expansion on each ARG and display the result, without storing" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:636 -msgid "anything in the history list." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:638 -msgid "If the $HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:639 -msgid "as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:640 -msgid "" -"with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:648 -msgid "Lists the active jobs. The -l option lists process id's in addition" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:649 -msgid "to the normal information; the -p option lists process id's only." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:650 -msgid "If -n is given, only processes that have changed status since the last" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:651 -msgid "notification are printed. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. The" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:652 -msgid "-r and -s options restrict output to running and stopped jobs only," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:653 -msgid "respectively. Without options, the status of all active jobs is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:654 -msgid "printed. If -x is given, COMMAND is run after all job specifications" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:655 -msgid "" -"that appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:656 -msgid "process group leader." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:664 -msgid "" -"By default, removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:665 -msgid "" -"If the -h option is given, the job is not removed from the table, but is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:666 -msgid "marked so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the shell receives a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:667 -msgid "" -"SIGHUP. The -a option, when JOBSPEC is not supplied, means to remove all" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:668 -msgid "" -"jobs from the job table; the -r option means to remove only running jobs." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:675 -msgid "Send the processes named by PID (or JOB) the signal SIGSPEC. If" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:676 -msgid "SIGSPEC is not present, then SIGTERM is assumed. An argument of `-l'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:677 -msgid "lists the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are assumed to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:678 -msgid "be signal numbers for which names should be listed. Kill is a shell" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:679 -msgid "builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used instead of" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:680 -msgid "process IDs, and, if you have reached the limit on processes that" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:681 -msgid "you can create, you don't have to start a process to kill another one." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:687 -msgid "Each ARG is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Evaluation" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:688 -msgid "is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:689 -msgid "division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:690 -msgid "list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:691 -msgid "The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:693 -msgid "\tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:694 -msgid "\t++id, --id\tvariable pre-increment, pre-decrement" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:695 -msgid "\t-, +\t\tunary minus, plus" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:696 -msgid "\t!, ~\t\tlogical and bitwise negation" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:697 -msgid "\t**\t\texponentiation" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:698 -msgid "\t*, /, %\t\tmultiplication, division, remainder" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:699 -msgid "\t+, -\t\taddition, subtraction" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:700 -msgid "\t<<, >>\t\tleft and right bitwise shifts" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:701 -msgid "\t<=, >=, <, >\tcomparison" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:702 -msgid "\t==, !=\t\tequality, inequality" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:703 -msgid "\t&\t\tbitwise AND" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:704 -msgid "\t^\t\tbitwise XOR" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:705 -msgid "\t|\t\tbitwise OR" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:706 -msgid "\t&&\t\tlogical AND" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:707 -msgid "\t||\t\tlogical OR" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:708 -msgid "\texpr ? expr : expr" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:709 -msgid "\t\t\tconditional operator" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:710 -msgid "\t=, *=, /=, %=," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:711 -msgid "\t+=, -=, <<=, >>=," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:712 -msgid "\t&=, ^=, |=\tassignment" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:714 -msgid "Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:715 -msgid "is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:716 -msgid "an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:717 -msgid "turned on to be used in an expression." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:719 -msgid "Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:720 -msgid "parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:721 -msgid "rules above." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:723 -msgid "If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; 0 is returned" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:724 -msgid "otherwise." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:730 -msgid "" -"One line is read from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD if the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:731 -msgid "" -"-u option is supplied, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:732 -msgid "" -"the second word to the second NAME, and so on, with leftover words assigned" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:733 -msgid "" -"to the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:734 -msgid "" -"delimiters. If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:735 -msgid "variable. If the -r option is given, this signifies `raw' input, and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:736 -msgid "backslash escaping is disabled. The -d option causes read to continue" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:737 -msgid "" -"until the first character of DELIM is read, rather than newline. If the -p" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:738 -msgid "" -"option is supplied, the string PROMPT is output without a trailing newline" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:739 -msgid "" -"before attempting to read. If -a is supplied, the words read are assigned" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:740 -msgid "" -"to sequential indices of ARRAY, starting at zero. If -e is supplied and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:741 -msgid "" -"the shell is interactive, readline is used to obtain the line. If -n is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:742 -msgid "supplied with a non-zero NCHARS argument, read returns after NCHARS" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:743 -msgid "characters have been read. The -s option causes input coming from a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:744 -msgid "terminal to not be echoed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:746 -msgid "" -"The -t option causes read to time out and return failure if a complete line" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:747 -msgid "" -"of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. If the TMOUT variable is set," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:748 -msgid "" -"its value is the default timeout. The return code is zero, unless end-of-" -"file" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:749 -msgid "" -"is encountered, read times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:750 -msgid "the argument to -u." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:756 -msgid "Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by N. If N" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:757 -msgid "is omitted, the return status is that of the last command." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:763 -msgid " -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:764 -msgid " -b Notify of job termination immediately." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:765 -msgid " -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:766 -msgid " -f Disable file name generation (globbing)." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:767 -msgid " -h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:768 -msgid " -k All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:769 -msgid " command, not just those that precede the command name." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:770 -msgid " -m Job control is enabled." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:771 -msgid " -n Read commands but do not execute them." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:772 -msgid " -o option-name" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:773 -msgid " Set the variable corresponding to option-name:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:774 -msgid " allexport same as -a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:775 -msgid " braceexpand same as -B" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:777 -msgid " emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:779 -msgid " errexit same as -e" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:780 -msgid " errtrace same as -E" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:781 -msgid " functrace same as -T" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:782 -msgid " hashall same as -h" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:784 -msgid " histexpand same as -H" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:787 -msgid " history enable command history" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:789 -msgid " ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:790 -msgid " interactive-comments" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:791 -msgid "" -" allow comments to appear in interactive commands" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:792 -msgid " keyword same as -k" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:793 -msgid " monitor same as -m" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:794 -msgid " noclobber same as -C" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:795 -msgid " noexec same as -n" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:796 -msgid " noglob same as -f" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:797 -msgid " nolog currently accepted but ignored" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:798 -msgid " notify same as -b" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:799 -msgid " nounset same as -u" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:800 -msgid " onecmd same as -t" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:801 -msgid " physical same as -P" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:802 -msgid "" -" pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:803 -msgid "" -" the last command to exit with a non-zero status," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:804 -msgid "" -" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:805 -msgid " posix change the behavior of bash where the default" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:806 -msgid " operation differs from the 1003.2 standard to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:807 -msgid " match the standard" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:808 -msgid " privileged same as -p" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:809 -msgid " verbose same as -v" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:811 -msgid " vi use a vi-style line editing interface" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:813 -msgid " xtrace same as -x" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:814 -msgid "" -" -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:815 -msgid " Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:816 -msgid "" -" functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:817 -msgid " gid to be set to the real uid and gid." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:818 -msgid " -t Exit after reading and executing one command." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:819 -msgid " -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:820 -msgid " -v Print shell input lines as they are read." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:821 -msgid " -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:823 -msgid " -B the shell will perform brace expansion" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:825 -msgid " -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:826 -msgid " by redirection of output." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:827 -msgid " -E If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:829 -msgid " -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:830 -msgid " by default." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:832 -msgid " -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:833 -msgid " such as cd which change the current directory." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:834 -msgid " -T If set, the DEBUG trap is inherited by shell functions." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:836 -msgid "Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:837 -msgid "flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:838 -msgid "set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:839 -msgid "parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:840 -msgid "ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:846 -msgid "For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. Given" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:847 -msgid "the `-v', unset will only act on variables. Given the `-f' flag," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:848 -msgid "unset will only act on functions. With neither flag, unset first" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:849 -msgid "tries to unset a variable, and if that fails, then tries to unset a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:850 -msgid "function. Some variables cannot be unset; also see readonly." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:856 -msgid "NAMEs are marked for automatic export to the environment of" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:857 -msgid "subsequently executed commands. If the -f option is given," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:858 -msgid "the NAMEs refer to functions. If no NAMEs are given, or if `-p'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:859 -msgid "is given, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:860 -msgid "printed. An argument of `-n' says to remove the export property" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:861 -msgid "from subsequent NAMEs. An argument of `--' disables further option" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:862 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:874 -msgid "processing." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:868 -msgid "The given NAMEs are marked readonly and the values of these NAMEs may" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:869 -msgid "not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -f option is given," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:870 -msgid "then functions corresponding to the NAMEs are so marked. If no" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:871 -msgid "arguments are given, or if `-p' is given, a list of all readonly names" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:872 -msgid "is printed. The `-a' option means to treat each NAME as" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:873 -msgid "an array variable. An argument of `--' disables further option" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:880 -msgid "The positional parameters from $N+1 ... are renamed to $1 ... If N is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:881 -msgid "not given, it is assumed to be 1." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:887 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:896 -msgid "Read and execute commands from FILENAME and return. The pathnames" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:888 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:897 -msgid "in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. If any" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:889 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:898 -msgid "ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters when" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:890 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:899 -msgid "FILENAME is executed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:906 -msgid "Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:907 -msgid "signal. The `-f' if specified says not to complain about this" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:908 -msgid "being a login shell if it is; just suspend anyway." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:915 -msgid "Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:916 -msgid "the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:917 -msgid "expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:918 -msgid "are string operators as well, and numeric comparison operators." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:920 -msgid "File operators:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:922 -msgid " -a FILE True if file exists." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:923 -msgid " -b FILE True if file is block special." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:924 -msgid " -c FILE True if file is character special." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:925 -msgid " -d FILE True if file is a directory." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:926 -msgid " -e FILE True if file exists." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:927 -msgid " -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:928 -msgid " -g FILE True if file is set-group-id." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:929 -msgid " -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:930 -msgid " -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:931 -msgid " -k FILE True if file has its `sticky' bit set." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:932 -msgid " -p FILE True if file is a named pipe." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:933 -msgid " -r FILE True if file is readable by you." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:934 -msgid " -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:935 -msgid " -S FILE True if file is a socket." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:936 -msgid " -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:937 -msgid " -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:938 -msgid " -w FILE True if the file is writable by you." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:939 -msgid " -x FILE True if the file is executable by you." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:940 -msgid " -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:941 -msgid " -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:942 -msgid "" -" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:944 -msgid " FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:945 -msgid " modification date)." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:947 -msgid " FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:949 -msgid " FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:951 -msgid "String operators:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:953 -msgid " -z STRING True if string is empty." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:955 -msgid " -n STRING" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:956 -msgid " STRING True if string is not empty." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:958 -msgid " STRING1 = STRING2" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:959 -msgid " True if the strings are equal." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:960 -msgid " STRING1 != STRING2" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:961 -msgid " True if the strings are not equal." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:962 -msgid " STRING1 < STRING2" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:963 -msgid "" -" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:964 -msgid " STRING1 > STRING2" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:965 -msgid "" -" True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:967 -msgid "Other operators:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:969 -msgid " -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:970 -msgid " ! EXPR True if expr is false." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:971 -msgid " EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:972 -msgid " EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:974 -msgid " arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:975 -msgid " -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:977 -msgid "Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:978 -msgid "less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:979 -msgid "than ARG2." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:985 -msgid "This is a synonym for the \"test\" builtin, but the last" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:986 -msgid "argument must be a literal `]', to match the opening `['." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:992 -msgid "Print the accumulated user and system times for processes run from" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:993 -msgid "the shell." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:999 -msgid "The command ARG is to be read and executed when the shell receives" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1000 -msgid "signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent all specified signals are" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1001 -msgid "reset to their original values. If ARG is the null string each" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1002 -msgid "SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1003 -msgid "If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) the command ARG is executed on exit from" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1004 -msgid "the shell. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed after every" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1005 -msgid "command. If ARG is `-p' then the trap commands associated with" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1006 -msgid "each SIGNAL_SPEC are displayed. If no arguments are supplied or if" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1007 -msgid "only `-p' is given, trap prints the list of commands associated with" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1008 -msgid "" -"each signal number. Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in " -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1009 -msgid "or a signal number. `trap -l' prints a list of signal names and their" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1010 -msgid "corresponding numbers. Note that a signal can be sent to the shell" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1011 -msgid "with \"kill -signal $$\"." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1017 -msgid "For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1018 -msgid "command name." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1020 -msgid "If the -t option is used, `type' outputs a single word which is one of" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1021 -msgid "`alias', `keyword', `function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1022 -msgid "alias, shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1023 -msgid "or unfound, respectively." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1025 -msgid "If the -p flag is used, `type' either returns the name of the disk" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1026 -msgid "file that would be executed, or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1027 -msgid "return `file'." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1029 -msgid "If the -a flag is used, `type' displays all of the places that contain" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1030 -msgid "an executable named `file'. This includes aliases, builtins, and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1031 -msgid "functions, if and only if the -p flag is not also used." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1033 -msgid "The -f flag suppresses shell function lookup." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1035 -msgid "The -P flag forces a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1036 -msgid "builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file that would" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1037 -msgid "be executed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1044 -msgid "Ulimit provides control over the resources available to processes" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1045 -msgid "started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1046 -msgid "option is given, it is interpreted as follows:" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1048 -msgid " -S\tuse the `soft' resource limit" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1049 -msgid " -H\tuse the `hard' resource limit" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1050 -msgid " -a\tall current limits are reported" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1051 -msgid " -c\tthe maximum size of core files created" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1052 -msgid " -d\tthe maximum size of a process's data segment" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1053 -msgid " -f\tthe maximum size of files created by the shell" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1054 -msgid " -l\tthe maximum size a process may lock into memory" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1055 -msgid " -m\tthe maximum resident set size" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1056 -msgid " -n\tthe maximum number of open file descriptors" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1057 -msgid " -p\tthe pipe buffer size" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1058 -msgid " -s\tthe maximum stack size" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1059 -msgid " -t\tthe maximum amount of cpu time in seconds" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1060 -msgid " -u\tthe maximum number of user processes" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1061 -msgid " -v\tthe size of virtual memory" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1063 -msgid "If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1064 -msgid "the special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1065 -msgid "" -"the current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1066 -msgid "Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1067 -msgid "If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1068 -msgid "increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, which is in" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1069 -msgid "increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled number of" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1070 -msgid "processes." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1077 -msgid "The user file-creation mask is set to MODE. If MODE is omitted, or if" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1078 -msgid "`-S' is supplied, the current value of the mask is printed. The `-S'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1079 -msgid "option makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1080 -msgid "If `-p' is supplied, and MODE is omitted, the output is in a form" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1081 -msgid "that may be used as input. If MODE begins with a digit, it is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1082 -msgid "interpreted as an octal number, otherwise it is a symbolic mode string" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1083 -msgid "like that accepted by chmod(1)." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1090 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1102 -msgid "Wait for the specified process and report its termination status. If" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1091 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1103 -msgid "N is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1092 -msgid "and the return code is zero. N may be a process ID or a job" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1093 -msgid "specification; if a job spec is given, all processes in the job's" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1094 -msgid "pipeline are waited for." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1104 -msgid "and the return code is zero. N is a process ID; if it is not given," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1105 -msgid "all child processes of the shell are waited for." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1112 -msgid "The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1113 -msgid "list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in \"$@\"' is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1114 -msgid "assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1115 -msgid "the COMMANDS are executed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1121 -msgid "Equivalent to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1122 -msgid "\t(( EXP1 ))" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1123 -msgid "\twhile (( EXP2 )); do" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1124 -msgid "\t\tCOMMANDS" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1125 -msgid "\t\t(( EXP3 ))" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1126 -msgid "\tdone" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1127 -msgid "EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1128 -msgid "omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1134 -msgid "The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1135 -msgid "set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1136 -msgid "preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in \"$@\"'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1137 -msgid "is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1138 -msgid "from the standard input. If the line consists of the number" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1139 -msgid "corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1140 -msgid "to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1141 -msgid "redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1142 -msgid "value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1143 -msgid "in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1144 -msgid "until a break command is executed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1150 -msgid "Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1151 -msgid "and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1152 -msgid "The return status is the return status of PIPELINE. The `-p' option" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1153 -msgid "prints the timing summary in a slightly different format. This uses" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1154 -msgid "the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable as the output format." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1160 -msgid "Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1161 -msgid "`|' is used to separate multiple patterns." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1167 -msgid "" -"The if COMMANDS are executed. If the exit status is zero, then the then" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1168 -msgid "" -"COMMANDS are executed. Otherwise, each of the elif COMMANDS are executed" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1169 -msgid "" -"in turn, and if the exit status is zero, the corresponding then COMMANDS" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1170 -msgid "" -"are executed and the if command completes. Otherwise, the else COMMANDS" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1171 -msgid "" -"are executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1172 -msgid "command executed, or zero if no condition tested true." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1178 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1185 -msgid "Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1179 -msgid "`while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1186 -msgid "`until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1192 -msgid "Create a simple command invoked by NAME which runs COMMANDS." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1193 -msgid "Arguments on the command line along with NAME are passed to the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1194 -msgid "function as $0 .. $n." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1200 -msgid "Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1201 -msgid "entire set of commands." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1207 -msgid "This is similar to the `fg' command. Resume a stopped or background" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1208 -msgid "job. If you specifiy DIGITS, then that job is used. If you specify" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1209 -msgid "WORD, then the job whose name begins with WORD is used. Following the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1210 -msgid "job specification with a `&' places the job in the background." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1216 -msgid "The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1217 -msgid "evaluation. Equivalent to \"let EXPRESSION\"." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1223 -msgid "" -"Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1224 -msgid "" -"expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1225 -msgid "" -"by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1227 -msgid "\t( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1228 -msgid "\t! EXPRESSION\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1229 -msgid "\tEXPR1 && EXPR2\tTrue if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1230 -msgid "\tEXPR1 || EXPR2\tTrue if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1232 -msgid "" -"When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1233 -msgid "operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed. The" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1234 -msgid "&& and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1235 -msgid "determine the expression's value." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1241 -msgid "BASH_VERSION Version information for this Bash." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1242 -msgid "CDPATH A colon separated list of directories to search" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1243 -msgid "\t\twhen the argument to `cd' is not found in the current" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1244 -msgid "\t\tdirectory." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1245 -msgid "GLOBIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1246 -msgid "\t\tbe ignored by pathname expansion." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1248 -msgid "" -"HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1249 -msgid "HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1250 -msgid "HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1251 -msgid "\t\tshell can access." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1253 -msgid "HOME The complete pathname to your login directory." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1254 -msgid "HOSTNAME\tThe name of the current host." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1255 -msgid "HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1256 -msgid "IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1257 -msgid "\t\tcharacter as the sole input. If set, then the value" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1258 -msgid "\t\tof it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1259 -msgid "\t\tin a row on an empty line before the shell will exit" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1260 -msgid "\t\t(default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1261 -msgid "MACHTYPE\tA string describing the current system Bash is running on." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1262 -msgid "MAILCHECK\tHow often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1263 -msgid "MAILPATH\tA colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1264 -msgid "\t\tfor new mail." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1265 -msgid "OSTYPE\t\tThe version of Unix this version of Bash is running on." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1266 -msgid "PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1267 -msgid "\t\tlooking for commands." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1268 -msgid "PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1269 -msgid "\t\tprimary prompt." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1270 -msgid "PS1 The primary prompt string." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1271 -msgid "PS2 The secondary prompt string." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1272 -msgid "PWD\t\tThe full pathname of the current directory." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1273 -msgid "SHELLOPTS\tA colon-separated list of enabled shell options." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1274 -msgid "TERM The name of the current terminal type." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1275 -msgid "TIMEFORMAT\tThe output format for timing statistics displayed by the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1276 -msgid "\t\t`time' reserved word." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1277 -msgid "auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1278 -msgid "\t\titself is first looked for in the list of currently" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1279 -msgid "\t\tstopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1280 -msgid "\t\tA value of `exact' means that the command word must" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1281 -msgid "\t\texactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1282 -msgid "\t\tvalue of `substring' means that the command word must" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1283 -msgid "\t\tmatch a substring of the job. Any other value means that" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1284 -msgid "\t\tthe command must be a prefix of a stopped job." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1287 -msgid "histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1288 -msgid "\t\tsubstitution. The first character is the history" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1289 -msgid "\t\tsubstitution character, usually `!'. The second is" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1290 -msgid "\t\tthe `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1291 -msgid "\t\tthird is the `history comment' character, usually `#'." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1293 -msgid "HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1294 -msgid "\t\tcommands should be saved on the history list." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1302 -msgid "Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1303 -msgid "the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1304 -msgid "directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1306 -msgid "+N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1307 -msgid "\tfrom the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1308 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1312 -msgid "\tzero) is at the top." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1310 -msgid "-N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1311 -msgid "\tfrom the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1314 -msgid "-n\tsuppress the normal change of directory when adding directories" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1315 -msgid "\tto the stack, so only the stack is manipulated." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1317 -msgid "dir\tadds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1318 -msgid "\tnew current working directory." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1320 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1343 -msgid "You can see the directory stack with the `dirs' command." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1328 -msgid "Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1329 -msgid "removes the top directory from the stack, and cd's to the new" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1330 -msgid "top directory." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1332 -msgid "+N\tremoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1333 -msgid "\tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1334 -msgid "\tremoves the first directory, `popd +1' the second." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1336 -msgid "-N\tremoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1337 -msgid "\tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1338 -msgid "\tremoves the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1340 -msgid "-n\tsuppress the normal change of directory when removing directories" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1341 -msgid "\tfrom the stack, so only the stack is manipulated." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1351 -msgid "Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1352 -msgid "find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1353 -msgid "back up through the list with the `popd' command." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1355 -msgid "The -l flag specifies that `dirs' should not print shorthand versions" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1356 -msgid "of directories which are relative to your home directory. This means" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1357 -msgid "that `~/bin' might be displayed as `/homes/bfox/bin'. The -v flag" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1358 -msgid "causes `dirs' to print the directory stack with one entry per line," -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1359 -msgid "prepending the directory name with its position in the stack. The -p" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1360 -msgid "flag does the same thing, but the stack position is not prepended." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1361 -msgid "The -c flag clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1363 -msgid "+N\tdisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1364 -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1367 -msgid "\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1366 -msgid "-N\tdisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1374 -msgid "Toggle the values of variables controlling optional behavior." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1375 -msgid "The -s flag means to enable (set) each OPTNAME; the -u flag" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1376 -msgid "unsets each OPTNAME. The -q flag suppresses output; the exit" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1377 -msgid "status indicates whether each OPTNAME is set or unset. The -o" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1378 -msgid "option restricts the OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1379 -msgid "`set -o'. With no options, or with the -p option, a list of all" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1380 -msgid "settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1381 -msgid "not each is set." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1387 -msgid "printf formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. FORMAT" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1388 -msgid "is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1389 -msgid "" -"characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1390 -msgid "sequences which are converted and copied to the standard output, and" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1391 -msgid "" -"format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1392 -msgid "argument. In addition to the standard printf(1) formats, %b means to" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1393 -msgid "expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument, and %q" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1394 -msgid "means to quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1401 -msgid "For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1402 -msgid "If the -p option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1403 -msgid "completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1404 -msgid "reused as input. The -r option removes a completion specification for" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1405 -msgid "each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1413 -msgid "Display the possible completions depending on the options. Intended" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1414 -msgid "" -"to be used from within a shell function generating possible completions." -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1415 -msgid "If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against WORD are" -msgstr "" - -#: /usr/local/build/bash/bash-20031218/builtins/builtins.c:1416 -msgid "generated." -msgstr "" diff --git a/po/foo.new.po b/po/foo.new.po deleted file mode 100644 index b4771c053..000000000 --- a/po/foo.new.po +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5521 +0,0 @@ -# English translations for GNU bash package. -# Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -# This file is distributed under the same license as the GNU bash package. -# Automatically generated, 2011. -# -# All this catalog "translates" are quotation characters. -# The msgids must be ASCII and therefore cannot contain real quotation -# characters, only substitutes like grave accent (0x60), apostrophe (0x27) -# and double quote (0x22). These substitutes look strange; see -# http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/quotes.html -# -# This catalog translates grave accent (0x60) and apostrophe (0x27) to -# left single quotation mark (U+2018) and right single quotation mark (U+2019). -# It also translates pairs of apostrophe (0x27) to -# left single quotation mark (U+2018) and right single quotation mark (U+2019) -# and pairs of quotation mark (0x22) to -# left double quotation mark (U+201C) and right double quotation mark (U+201D). -# -# When output to an UTF-8 terminal, the quotation characters appear perfectly. -# When output to an ISO-8859-1 terminal, the single quotation marks are -# transliterated to apostrophes (by iconv in glibc 2.2 or newer) or to -# grave/acute accent (by libiconv), and the double quotation marks are -# transliterated to 0x22. -# When output to an ASCII terminal, the single quotation marks are -# transliterated to apostrophes, and the double quotation marks are -# transliterated to 0x22. -# -msgid "" -msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 4.2-release\n" -"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-03-05 21:31-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-01-28 22:09-0500\n" -"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n" -"Language-Team: none\n" -"Language: \n" -"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" -"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" - -#: arrayfunc.c:51 -msgid "bad array subscript" -msgstr "bad array subscript" - -#: arrayfunc.c:330 builtins/declare.def:487 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array" -msgstr "%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array" - -#: arrayfunc.c:513 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid associative array key" -msgstr "%s: invalid associative array key" - -#: arrayfunc.c:515 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index" -msgstr "%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index" - -#: arrayfunc.c:557 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array" -msgstr "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array" - -#: bashhist.c:388 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot create: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot create: %s" - -#: bashline.c:3841 -msgid "bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command" -msgstr "bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command" - -#: bashline.c:3928 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: first non-whitespace character is not `\"'" -msgstr "%s: first non-whitespace character is not â\"â" - -#: bashline.c:3957 -#, c-format -msgid "no closing `%c' in %s" -msgstr "no closing â%câ in %s" - -#: bashline.c:3991 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: missing colon separator" -msgstr "%s: missing colon separator" - -#: builtins/alias.def:132 -#, c-format -msgid "`%s': invalid alias name" -msgstr "â%sâ: invalid alias name" - -#: builtins/bind.def:123 builtins/bind.def:126 -msgid "line editing not enabled" -msgstr "line editing not enabled" - -#: builtins/bind.def:212 -#, c-format -msgid "`%s': invalid keymap name" -msgstr "â%sâ: invalid keymap name" - -#: builtins/bind.def:251 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot read: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot read: %s" - -#: builtins/bind.def:266 -#, c-format -msgid "`%s': cannot unbind" -msgstr "â%sâ: cannot unbind" - -#: builtins/bind.def:304 builtins/bind.def:334 -#, c-format -msgid "`%s': unknown function name" -msgstr "â%sâ: unknown function name" - -#: builtins/bind.def:312 -#, c-format -msgid "%s is not bound to any keys.\n" -msgstr "%s is not bound to any keys.\n" - -#: builtins/bind.def:316 -#, c-format -msgid "%s can be invoked via " -msgstr "%s can be invoked via " - -#: builtins/break.def:77 builtins/break.def:117 -msgid "loop count" -msgstr "loop count" - -#: builtins/break.def:137 -msgid "only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop" -msgstr "only meaningful in a âforâ, âwhileâ, or âuntilâ loop" - -#: builtins/caller.def:133 -msgid "" -"Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n" -" \n" -" Without EXPR, returns " -msgstr "" -"Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n" -" \n" -" Without EXPR, returns " - -#: builtins/cd.def:239 -msgid "HOME not set" -msgstr "HOME not set" - -#: builtins/cd.def:247 builtins/common.c:166 test.c:832 -msgid "too many arguments" -msgstr "too many arguments" - -#: builtins/cd.def:258 -msgid "OLDPWD not set" -msgstr "OLDPWD not set" - -#: builtins/common.c:101 -#, c-format -msgid "line %d: " -msgstr "line %d: " - -#: builtins/common.c:139 error.c:265 -#, c-format -msgid "warning: " -msgstr "warning: " - -#: builtins/common.c:153 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: usage: " -msgstr "%s: usage: " - -#: builtins/common.c:191 shell.c:504 shell.c:786 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: option requires an argument" -msgstr "%s: option requires an argument" - -#: builtins/common.c:198 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: numeric argument required" -msgstr "%s: numeric argument required" - -#: builtins/common.c:205 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: not found" -msgstr "%s: not found" - -#: builtins/common.c:214 shell.c:799 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid option" -msgstr "%s: invalid option" - -#: builtins/common.c:221 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid option name" -msgstr "%s: invalid option name" - -#: builtins/common.c:228 general.c:234 general.c:239 -#, c-format -msgid "`%s': not a valid identifier" -msgstr "â%sâ: not a valid identifier" - -#: builtins/common.c:238 -msgid "invalid octal number" -msgstr "invalid octal number" - -#: builtins/common.c:240 -msgid "invalid hex number" -msgstr "invalid hex number" - -#: builtins/common.c:242 expr.c:1431 -msgid "invalid number" -msgstr "invalid number" - -#: builtins/common.c:250 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid signal specification" -msgstr "%s: invalid signal specification" - -#: builtins/common.c:257 -#, c-format -msgid "`%s': not a pid or valid job spec" -msgstr "â%sâ: not a pid or valid job spec" - -#: builtins/common.c:264 error.c:458 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: readonly variable" -msgstr "%s: readonly variable" - -#: builtins/common.c:272 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: %s out of range" -msgstr "%s: %s out of range" - -#: builtins/common.c:272 builtins/common.c:274 -msgid "argument" -msgstr "argument" - -#: builtins/common.c:274 -#, c-format -msgid "%s out of range" -msgstr "%s out of range" - -#: builtins/common.c:282 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: no such job" -msgstr "%s: no such job" - -#: builtins/common.c:290 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: no job control" -msgstr "%s: no job control" - -#: builtins/common.c:292 -msgid "no job control" -msgstr "no job control" - -#: builtins/common.c:302 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: restricted" -msgstr "%s: restricted" - -#: builtins/common.c:304 -msgid "restricted" -msgstr "restricted" - -#: builtins/common.c:312 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: not a shell builtin" -msgstr "%s: not a shell builtin" - -#: builtins/common.c:321 -#, c-format -msgid "write error: %s" -msgstr "write error: %s" - -#: builtins/common.c:329 -#, c-format -msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s" -msgstr "error setting terminal attributes: %s" - -#: builtins/common.c:331 -#, c-format -msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s" -msgstr "error getting terminal attributes: %s" - -#: builtins/common.c:563 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n" -msgstr "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n" - -#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec" -msgstr "%s: ambiguous job spec" - -#: builtins/complete.def:277 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid action name" -msgstr "%s: invalid action name" - -#: builtins/complete.def:450 builtins/complete.def:645 -#: builtins/complete.def:855 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: no completion specification" -msgstr "%s: no completion specification" - -#: builtins/complete.def:697 -msgid "warning: -F option may not work as you expect" -msgstr "warning: -F option may not work as you expect" - -#: builtins/complete.def:699 -msgid "warning: -C option may not work as you expect" -msgstr "warning: -C option may not work as you expect" - -#: builtins/complete.def:828 -msgid "not currently executing completion function" -msgstr "not currently executing completion function" - -#: builtins/declare.def:124 -msgid "can only be used in a function" -msgstr "can only be used in a function" - -#: builtins/declare.def:366 -msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions" -msgstr "cannot use â-fâ to make functions" - -#: builtins/declare.def:378 execute_cmd.c:5253 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: readonly function" -msgstr "%s: readonly function" - -#: builtins/declare.def:474 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way" -msgstr "%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way" - -#: builtins/declare.def:481 builtins/read.def:702 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array" -msgstr "%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array" - -#: builtins/enable.def:137 builtins/enable.def:145 -msgid "dynamic loading not available" -msgstr "dynamic loading not available" - -#: builtins/enable.def:312 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot open shared object %s: %s" -msgstr "cannot open shared object %s: %s" - -#: builtins/enable.def:335 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot find %s in shared object %s: %s" -msgstr "cannot find %s in shared object %s: %s" - -#: builtins/enable.def:459 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: not dynamically loaded" -msgstr "%s: not dynamically loaded" - -#: builtins/enable.def:474 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot delete: %s" - -#: builtins/evalfile.c:135 builtins/hash.def:171 execute_cmd.c:5100 -#: shell.c:1461 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: is a directory" -msgstr "%s: is a directory" - -#: builtins/evalfile.c:140 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: not a regular file" -msgstr "%s: not a regular file" - -#: builtins/evalfile.c:148 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: file is too large" -msgstr "%s: file is too large" - -#: builtins/evalfile.c:182 builtins/evalfile.c:200 shell.c:1471 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file" -msgstr "%s: cannot execute binary file" - -#: builtins/exec.def:154 builtins/exec.def:156 builtins/exec.def:228 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot execute: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot execute: %s" - -#: builtins/exit.def:65 -#, c-format -msgid "logout\n" -msgstr "logout\n" - -#: builtins/exit.def:88 -msgid "not login shell: use `exit'" -msgstr "not login shell: use âexitâ" - -#: builtins/exit.def:120 -#, c-format -msgid "There are stopped jobs.\n" -msgstr "There are stopped jobs.\n" - -#: builtins/exit.def:122 -#, c-format -msgid "There are running jobs.\n" -msgstr "There are running jobs.\n" - -#: builtins/fc.def:262 -msgid "no command found" -msgstr "no command found" - -#: builtins/fc.def:312 builtins/fc.def:359 -msgid "history specification" -msgstr "history specification" - -#: builtins/fc.def:380 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot open temp file: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot open temp file: %s" - -#: builtins/fg_bg.def:149 builtins/jobs.def:282 -msgid "current" -msgstr "current" - -#: builtins/fg_bg.def:158 -#, c-format -msgid "job %d started without job control" -msgstr "job %d started without job control" - -#: builtins/getopt.c:110 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: illegal option -- %c\n" -msgstr "%s: illegal option -- %c\n" - -#: builtins/getopt.c:111 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n" -msgstr "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n" - -#: builtins/hash.def:92 -msgid "hashing disabled" -msgstr "hashing disabled" - -#: builtins/hash.def:138 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: hash table empty\n" -msgstr "%s: hash table empty\n" - -#: builtins/hash.def:245 -#, c-format -msgid "hits\tcommand\n" -msgstr "hits\tcommand\n" - -#: builtins/help.def:130 -#, c-format -msgid "Shell commands matching keyword `" -msgid_plural "Shell commands matching keywords `" -msgstr[0] "Shell commands matching keyword `" -msgstr[1] "Shell commands matching keywords `" - -#: builtins/help.def:168 -#, c-format -msgid "" -"no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'." -msgstr "" -"no help topics match â%sâ. Try âhelp helpâ or âman -k %sâ or âinfo %sâ." - -#: builtins/help.def:185 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot open: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot open: %s" - -#: builtins/help.def:337 -#, c-format -msgid "" -"These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.\n" -"Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.\n" -"Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.\n" -"Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.\n" -"\n" -"A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\n" -"\n" -msgstr "" -"These shell commands are defined internally. Type âhelpâ to see this list.\n" -"Type âhelp nameâ to find out more about the function ânameâ.\n" -"Use âinfo bashâ to find out more about the shell in general.\n" -"Use âman -kâ or âinfoâ to find out more about commands not in this list.\n" -"\n" -"A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\n" -"\n" - -#: builtins/history.def:154 -msgid "cannot use more than one of -anrw" -msgstr "cannot use more than one of -anrw" - -#: builtins/history.def:186 -msgid "history position" -msgstr "history position" - -#: builtins/history.def:366 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: history expansion failed" -msgstr "%s: history expansion failed" - -#: builtins/inlib.def:71 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: inlib failed" -msgstr "%s: inlib failed" - -#: builtins/jobs.def:109 -msgid "no other options allowed with `-x'" -msgstr "no other options allowed with â-xâ" - -#: builtins/kill.def:198 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: arguments must be process or job IDs" -msgstr "%s: arguments must be process or job IDs" - -#: builtins/kill.def:261 -msgid "Unknown error" -msgstr "Unknown error" - -#: builtins/let.def:95 builtins/let.def:120 expr.c:577 expr.c:592 -msgid "expression expected" -msgstr "expression expected" - -#: builtins/mapfile.def:172 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: not an indexed array" -msgstr "%s: not an indexed array" - -#: builtins/mapfile.def:256 builtins/read.def:299 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification" -msgstr "%s: invalid file descriptor specification" - -#: builtins/mapfile.def:264 builtins/read.def:306 -#, c-format -msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s" -msgstr "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s" - -#: builtins/mapfile.def:273 builtins/mapfile.def:311 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid line count" -msgstr "%s: invalid line count" - -#: builtins/mapfile.def:284 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid array origin" -msgstr "%s: invalid array origin" - -#: builtins/mapfile.def:301 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum" -msgstr "%s: invalid callback quantum" - -#: builtins/mapfile.def:333 -msgid "empty array variable name" -msgstr "empty array variable name" - -#: builtins/mapfile.def:354 -msgid "array variable support required" -msgstr "array variable support required" - -#: builtins/printf.def:397 -#, c-format -msgid "`%s': missing format character" -msgstr "â%sâ: missing format character" - -#: builtins/printf.def:451 -#, c-format -msgid "`%c': invalid time format specification" -msgstr "â%câ: invalid time format specification" - -#: builtins/printf.def:647 -#, c-format -msgid "`%c': invalid format character" -msgstr "â%câ: invalid format character" - -#: builtins/printf.def:673 -#, c-format -msgid "warning: %s: %s" -msgstr "warning: %s: %s" - -#: builtins/printf.def:854 -msgid "missing hex digit for \\x" -msgstr "missing hex digit for \\x" - -#: builtins/printf.def:869 -#, c-format -msgid "missing unicode digit for \\%c" -msgstr "missing unicode digit for \\%c" - -#: builtins/pushd.def:195 -msgid "no other directory" -msgstr "no other directory" - -#: builtins/pushd.def:462 -msgid "" -msgstr "" - -#: builtins/pushd.def:506 -msgid "directory stack empty" -msgstr "directory stack empty" - -#: builtins/pushd.def:508 -msgid "directory stack index" -msgstr "directory stack index" - -#: builtins/pushd.def:683 -msgid "" -"Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n" -" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n" -" back up through the list with the `popd' command.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -c\tclear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements\n" -" -l\tdo not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative\n" -" \tto your home directory\n" -" -p\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line\n" -" -v\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed\n" -" \twith its position in the stack\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown " -"by\n" -" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown " -"by\n" -"\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero." -msgstr "" -"Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n" -" find their way onto the list with the âpushdâ command; you can get\n" -" back up through the list with the âpopdâ command.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -c\tclear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements\n" -" -l\tdo not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative\n" -" \tto your home directory\n" -" -p\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line\n" -" -v\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed\n" -" \twith its position in the stack\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown " -"by\n" -" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown " -"by\n" -"\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero." - -#: builtins/pushd.def:705 -msgid "" -"Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n" -" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n" -" directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when adding\n" -" \tdirectories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n" -" \tfrom the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n" -" \tzero) is at the top.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n" -" \tfrom the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n" -" \tzero) is at the top.\n" -" \n" -" dir\tAdds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the\n" -" \tnew current working directory.\n" -" \n" -" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack." -msgstr "" -"Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n" -" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n" -" directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when adding\n" -" \tdirectories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n" -" \tfrom the left of the list shown by âdirsâ, starting with\n" -" \tzero) is at the top.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n" -" \tfrom the right of the list shown by âdirsâ, starting with\n" -" \tzero) is at the top.\n" -" \n" -" dir\tAdds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the\n" -" \tnew current working directory.\n" -" \n" -" The âdirsâ builtin displays the directory stack." - -#: builtins/pushd.def:730 -msgid "" -"Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n" -" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when removing\n" -" \tdirectories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list\n" -" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'\n" -" \tremoves the first directory, `popd +1' the second.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list\n" -" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'\n" -" \tremoves the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.\n" -" \n" -" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack." -msgstr "" -"Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n" -" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when removing\n" -" \tdirectories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list\n" -" \tshown by âdirsâ, starting with zero. For example: âpopd +0â\n" -" \tremoves the first directory, âpopd +1â the second.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list\n" -" \tshown by âdirsâ, starting with zero. For example: âpopd -0â\n" -" \tremoves the last directory, âpopd -1â the next to last.\n" -" \n" -" The âdirsâ builtin displays the directory stack." - -#: builtins/read.def:272 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid timeout specification" -msgstr "%s: invalid timeout specification" - -#: builtins/read.def:644 -#, c-format -msgid "read error: %d: %s" -msgstr "read error: %d: %s" - -#: builtins/return.def:75 -msgid "can only `return' from a function or sourced script" -msgstr "can only âreturnâ from a function or sourced script" - -#: builtins/set.def:771 -msgid "cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable" -msgstr "cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable" - -#: builtins/set.def:812 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot unset" -msgstr "%s: cannot unset" - -#: builtins/set.def:829 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot unset: readonly %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot unset: readonly %s" - -#: builtins/set.def:841 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: not an array variable" -msgstr "%s: not an array variable" - -#: builtins/setattr.def:186 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: not a function" -msgstr "%s: not a function" - -#: builtins/shift.def:71 builtins/shift.def:77 -msgid "shift count" -msgstr "shift count" - -#: builtins/shopt.def:277 -msgid "cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously" -msgstr "cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously" - -#: builtins/shopt.def:342 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid shell option name" -msgstr "%s: invalid shell option name" - -#: builtins/source.def:130 -msgid "filename argument required" -msgstr "filename argument required" - -#: builtins/source.def:155 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: file not found" -msgstr "%s: file not found" - -#: builtins/suspend.def:101 -msgid "cannot suspend" -msgstr "cannot suspend" - -#: builtins/suspend.def:111 -msgid "cannot suspend a login shell" -msgstr "cannot suspend a login shell" - -#: builtins/type.def:234 -#, c-format -msgid "%s is aliased to `%s'\n" -msgstr "%s is aliased to â%sâ\n" - -#: builtins/type.def:255 -#, c-format -msgid "%s is a shell keyword\n" -msgstr "%s is a shell keyword\n" - -#: builtins/type.def:274 -#, c-format -msgid "%s is a function\n" -msgstr "%s is a function\n" - -#: builtins/type.def:296 -#, c-format -msgid "%s is a shell builtin\n" -msgstr "%s is a shell builtin\n" - -#: builtins/type.def:317 builtins/type.def:393 -#, c-format -msgid "%s is %s\n" -msgstr "%s is %s\n" - -#: builtins/type.def:337 -#, c-format -msgid "%s is hashed (%s)\n" -msgstr "%s is hashed (%s)\n" - -#: builtins/ulimit.def:379 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid limit argument" -msgstr "%s: invalid limit argument" - -#: builtins/ulimit.def:405 -#, c-format -msgid "`%c': bad command" -msgstr "â%câ: bad command" - -#: builtins/ulimit.def:434 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot get limit: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot get limit: %s" - -#: builtins/ulimit.def:460 -msgid "limit" -msgstr "limit" - -#: builtins/ulimit.def:472 builtins/ulimit.def:772 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot modify limit: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot modify limit: %s" - -#: builtins/umask.def:118 -msgid "octal number" -msgstr "octal number" - -#: builtins/umask.def:231 -#, c-format -msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator" -msgstr "â%câ: invalid symbolic mode operator" - -#: builtins/umask.def:286 -#, c-format -msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode character" -msgstr "â%câ: invalid symbolic mode character" - -#: error.c:90 error.c:325 error.c:327 error.c:329 -msgid " line " -msgstr " line " - -#: error.c:165 -#, c-format -msgid "last command: %s\n" -msgstr "last command: %s\n" - -#: error.c:173 -#, c-format -msgid "Aborting..." -msgstr "Aborting..." - -#: error.c:410 -msgid "unknown command error" -msgstr "unknown command error" - -#: error.c:411 -msgid "bad command type" -msgstr "bad command type" - -#: error.c:412 -msgid "bad connector" -msgstr "bad connector" - -#: error.c:413 -msgid "bad jump" -msgstr "bad jump" - -#: error.c:451 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: unbound variable" -msgstr "%s: unbound variable" - -#: eval.c:181 -#, c-format -msgid "\atimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n" -msgstr "\atimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n" - -#: execute_cmd.c:504 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s" -msgstr "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s" - -#: execute_cmd.c:1199 -#, c-format -msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character" -msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: â%câ: invalid format character" - -#: execute_cmd.c:2240 -msgid "pipe error" -msgstr "pipe error" - -#: execute_cmd.c:4284 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)" -msgstr "" - -#: execute_cmd.c:4777 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names" -msgstr "%s: restricted: cannot specify â/â in command names" - -#: execute_cmd.c:4872 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: command not found" -msgstr "%s: command not found" - -#: execute_cmd.c:5098 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: %s" -msgstr "%s: %s" - -#: execute_cmd.c:5135 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter" -msgstr "%s: %s: bad interpreter" - -#: execute_cmd.c:5172 -#, fuzzy, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file: %s" -msgstr "%s: cannot execute binary file" - -#: execute_cmd.c:5244 -#, fuzzy, c-format -msgid "`%s': is a special builtin" -msgstr "%s is a shell builtin\n" - -#: execute_cmd.c:5296 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d" -msgstr "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d" - -#: expr.c:258 -msgid "expression recursion level exceeded" -msgstr "expression recursion level exceeded" - -#: expr.c:282 -msgid "recursion stack underflow" -msgstr "recursion stack underflow" - -#: expr.c:430 -msgid "syntax error in expression" -msgstr "syntax error in expression" - -#: expr.c:474 -msgid "attempted assignment to non-variable" -msgstr "attempted assignment to non-variable" - -#: expr.c:493 expr.c:838 -msgid "division by 0" -msgstr "division by 0" - -#: expr.c:540 -msgid "bug: bad expassign token" -msgstr "bug: bad expassign token" - -#: expr.c:589 -msgid "`:' expected for conditional expression" -msgstr "â:â expected for conditional expression" - -#: expr.c:895 -msgid "exponent less than 0" -msgstr "exponent less than 0" - -#: expr.c:948 -msgid "identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement" -msgstr "identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement" - -#: expr.c:973 -msgid "missing `)'" -msgstr "missing â)â" - -#: expr.c:1024 expr.c:1351 -msgid "syntax error: operand expected" -msgstr "syntax error: operand expected" - -#: expr.c:1353 -msgid "syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator" -msgstr "syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator" - -#: expr.c:1377 -#, c-format -msgid "%s%s%s: %s (error token is \"%s\")" -msgstr "%s%s%s: %s (error token is â%sâ)" - -#: expr.c:1435 -msgid "invalid arithmetic base" -msgstr "invalid arithmetic base" - -#: expr.c:1455 -msgid "value too great for base" -msgstr "value too great for base" - -#: expr.c:1504 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: expression error\n" -msgstr "%s: expression error\n" - -#: general.c:61 -msgid "getcwd: cannot access parent directories" -msgstr "getcwd: cannot access parent directories" - -#: input.c:99 subst.c:5094 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d" -msgstr "cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d" - -#: input.c:265 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d" -msgstr "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d" - -#: input.c:273 -#, c-format -msgid "save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d" -msgstr "save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d" - -#: jobs.c:470 -msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe" -msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe" - -#: jobs.c:891 -#, c-format -msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d" -msgstr "forked pid %d appears in running job %d" - -#: jobs.c:1009 -#, c-format -msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld" -msgstr "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld" - -#: jobs.c:1114 -#, c-format -msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline" -msgstr "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline" - -#: jobs.c:1117 -#, c-format -msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive" -msgstr "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive" - -#: jobs.c:1432 -#, c-format -msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid" -msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid" - -#: jobs.c:1447 -#, c-format -msgid "Signal %d" -msgstr "Signal %d" - -#: jobs.c:1461 jobs.c:1486 -msgid "Done" -msgstr "Done" - -#: jobs.c:1466 siglist.c:123 -msgid "Stopped" -msgstr "Stopped" - -#: jobs.c:1470 -#, c-format -msgid "Stopped(%s)" -msgstr "Stopped(%s)" - -#: jobs.c:1474 -msgid "Running" -msgstr "Running" - -#: jobs.c:1488 -#, c-format -msgid "Done(%d)" -msgstr "Done(%d)" - -#: jobs.c:1490 -#, c-format -msgid "Exit %d" -msgstr "Exit %d" - -#: jobs.c:1493 -msgid "Unknown status" -msgstr "Unknown status" - -#: jobs.c:1580 -#, c-format -msgid "(core dumped) " -msgstr "(core dumped) " - -#: jobs.c:1599 -#, c-format -msgid " (wd: %s)" -msgstr " (wd: %s)" - -#: jobs.c:1807 -#, c-format -msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)" -msgstr "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)" - -#: jobs.c:2135 nojobs.c:585 -#, c-format -msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell" -msgstr "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell" - -#: jobs.c:2372 -#, c-format -msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld" -msgstr "wait_for: No record of process %ld" - -#: jobs.c:2653 -#, c-format -msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped" -msgstr "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped" - -#: jobs.c:2875 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: job has terminated" -msgstr "%s: job has terminated" - -#: jobs.c:2884 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: job %d already in background" -msgstr "%s: job %d already in background" - -#: jobs.c:3105 -msgid "waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block" -msgstr "waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block" - -#: jobs.c:3571 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: line %d: " -msgstr "%s: line %d: " - -#: jobs.c:3585 nojobs.c:818 -#, c-format -msgid " (core dumped)" -msgstr " (core dumped)" - -#: jobs.c:3597 jobs.c:3610 -#, c-format -msgid "(wd now: %s)\n" -msgstr "(wd now: %s)\n" - -#: jobs.c:3642 -msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed" -msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed" - -#: jobs.c:3703 -msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline" -msgstr "initialize_job_control: line discipline" - -#: jobs.c:3713 -msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid" -msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid" - -#: jobs.c:3734 jobs.c:3743 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)" -msgstr "cannot set terminal process group (%d)" - -#: jobs.c:3748 -msgid "no job control in this shell" -msgstr "no job control in this shell" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:296 -#, c-format -msgid "malloc: failed assertion: %s\n" -msgstr "malloc: failed assertion: %s\n" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:312 -#, c-format -msgid "" -"\r\n" -"malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched\r\n" -msgstr "" -"\r\n" -"malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched\r\n" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:313 -msgid "unknown" -msgstr "unknown" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:797 -msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered" -msgstr "malloc: block on free list clobbered" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:874 -msgid "free: called with already freed block argument" -msgstr "free: called with already freed block argument" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:877 -msgid "free: called with unallocated block argument" -msgstr "free: called with unallocated block argument" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:896 -msgid "free: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range" -msgstr "free: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:902 -msgid "free: start and end chunk sizes differ" -msgstr "free: start and end chunk sizes differ" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1001 -msgid "realloc: called with unallocated block argument" -msgstr "realloc: called with unallocated block argument" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1016 -msgid "realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range" -msgstr "realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range" - -#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1022 -msgid "realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ" -msgstr "realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ" - -#: lib/malloc/table.c:177 -#, c-format -msgid "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n" -msgstr "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n" - -#: lib/malloc/table.c:184 -#, c-format -msgid "register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?\n" -msgstr "register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?\n" - -#: lib/malloc/table.c:220 -#, c-format -msgid "register_free: %p already in table as free?\n" -msgstr "register_free: %p already in table as free?\n" - -#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:102 -msgid "invalid base" -msgstr "invalid base" - -#: lib/sh/netopen.c:168 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: host unknown" -msgstr "%s: host unknown" - -#: lib/sh/netopen.c:175 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: invalid service" -msgstr "%s: invalid service" - -#: lib/sh/netopen.c:306 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: bad network path specification" -msgstr "%s: bad network path specification" - -#: lib/sh/netopen.c:346 -msgid "network operations not supported" -msgstr "network operations not supported" - -#: locale.c:204 -#, c-format -msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)" -msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)" - -#: locale.c:206 -#, c-format -msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s" -msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s" - -#: locale.c:263 -#, c-format -msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)" -msgstr "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)" - -#: locale.c:265 -#, c-format -msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s" -msgstr "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s" - -#: mailcheck.c:433 -msgid "You have mail in $_" -msgstr "You have mail in $_" - -#: mailcheck.c:458 -msgid "You have new mail in $_" -msgstr "You have new mail in $_" - -#: mailcheck.c:474 -#, c-format -msgid "The mail in %s has been read\n" -msgstr "The mail in %s has been read\n" - -#: make_cmd.c:323 -msgid "syntax error: arithmetic expression required" -msgstr "syntax error: arithmetic expression required" - -#: make_cmd.c:325 -msgid "syntax error: `;' unexpected" -msgstr "syntax error: â;â unexpected" - -#: make_cmd.c:326 -#, c-format -msgid "syntax error: `((%s))'" -msgstr "syntax error: â((%s))â" - -#: make_cmd.c:578 -#, c-format -msgid "make_here_document: bad instruction type %d" -msgstr "make_here_document: bad instruction type %d" - -#: make_cmd.c:662 -#, c-format -msgid "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')" -msgstr "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted â%sâ)" - -#: make_cmd.c:759 -#, c-format -msgid "make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range" -msgstr "make_redirection: redirection instruction â%dâ out of range" - -#: parse.y:3173 parse.y:3448 -#, c-format -msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'" -msgstr "unexpected EOF while looking for matching â%câ" - -#: parse.y:4038 -msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'" -msgstr "unexpected EOF while looking for â]]â" - -#: parse.y:4043 -#, c-format -msgid "syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'" -msgstr "syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token â%sâ" - -#: parse.y:4047 -msgid "syntax error in conditional expression" -msgstr "syntax error in conditional expression" - -#: parse.y:4125 -#, c-format -msgid "unexpected token `%s', expected `)'" -msgstr "unexpected token â%sâ, expected â)â" - -#: parse.y:4129 -msgid "expected `)'" -msgstr "expected â)â" - -#: parse.y:4157 -#, c-format -msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator" -msgstr "unexpected argument â%sâ to conditional unary operator" - -#: parse.y:4161 -msgid "unexpected argument to conditional unary operator" -msgstr "unexpected argument to conditional unary operator" - -#: parse.y:4207 -#, c-format -msgid "unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected" -msgstr "unexpected token â%sâ, conditional binary operator expected" - -#: parse.y:4211 -msgid "conditional binary operator expected" -msgstr "conditional binary operator expected" - -#: parse.y:4233 -#, c-format -msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator" -msgstr "unexpected argument â%sâ to conditional binary operator" - -#: parse.y:4237 -msgid "unexpected argument to conditional binary operator" -msgstr "unexpected argument to conditional binary operator" - -#: parse.y:4248 -#, c-format -msgid "unexpected token `%c' in conditional command" -msgstr "unexpected token â%câ in conditional command" - -#: parse.y:4251 -#, c-format -msgid "unexpected token `%s' in conditional command" -msgstr "unexpected token â%sâ in conditional command" - -#: parse.y:4255 -#, c-format -msgid "unexpected token %d in conditional command" -msgstr "unexpected token %d in conditional command" - -#: parse.y:5590 -#, c-format -msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s'" -msgstr "syntax error near unexpected token â%sâ" - -#: parse.y:5608 -#, c-format -msgid "syntax error near `%s'" -msgstr "syntax error near â%sâ" - -#: parse.y:5618 -msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file" -msgstr "syntax error: unexpected end of file" - -#: parse.y:5618 -msgid "syntax error" -msgstr "syntax error" - -#: parse.y:5680 -#, c-format -msgid "Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n" -msgstr "Use â%sâ to leave the shell.\n" - -#: parse.y:5842 -msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'" -msgstr "unexpected EOF while looking for matching â)â" - -#: pcomplete.c:1079 -#, c-format -msgid "completion: function `%s' not found" -msgstr "completion: function â%sâ not found" - -#: pcomplib.c:182 -#, c-format -msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC" -msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC" - -#: print_cmd.c:300 -#, c-format -msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'" -msgstr "print_command: bad connector â%dâ" - -#: print_cmd.c:373 -#, c-format -msgid "xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor" -msgstr "xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor" - -#: print_cmd.c:378 -msgid "xtrace_set: NULL file pointer" -msgstr "xtrace_set: NULL file pointer" - -#: print_cmd.c:382 -#, c-format -msgid "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)" -msgstr "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)" - -#: print_cmd.c:1503 -#, c-format -msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character" -msgstr "cprintf: â%câ: invalid format character" - -#: redir.c:122 -msgid "file descriptor out of range" -msgstr "file descriptor out of range" - -#: redir.c:178 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: ambiguous redirect" -msgstr "%s: ambiguous redirect" - -#: redir.c:182 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot overwrite existing file" -msgstr "%s: cannot overwrite existing file" - -#: redir.c:187 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: restricted: cannot redirect output" -msgstr "%s: restricted: cannot redirect output" - -#: redir.c:192 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document: %s" -msgstr "cannot create temp file for here-document: %s" - -#: redir.c:196 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot assign fd to variable" -msgstr "%s: cannot assign fd to variable" - -#: redir.c:548 -msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking" -msgstr "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking" - -#: redir.c:818 redir.c:930 redir.c:993 redir.c:1142 -msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd" -msgstr "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd" - -#: shell.c:337 -msgid "could not find /tmp, please create!" -msgstr "could not find /tmp, please create!" - -#: shell.c:341 -msgid "/tmp must be a valid directory name" -msgstr "/tmp must be a valid directory name" - -#: shell.c:888 -#, c-format -msgid "%c%c: invalid option" -msgstr "%c%c: invalid option" - -#: shell.c:1662 -msgid "I have no name!" -msgstr "I have no name!" - -#: shell.c:1807 -#, c-format -msgid "GNU bash, version %s-(%s)\n" -msgstr "GNU bash, version %s-(%s)\n" - -#: shell.c:1808 -#, c-format -msgid "" -"Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n" -"\t%s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ...\n" -msgstr "" -"Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n" -"\t%s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ...\n" - -#: shell.c:1810 -msgid "GNU long options:\n" -msgstr "GNU long options:\n" - -#: shell.c:1814 -msgid "Shell options:\n" -msgstr "Shell options:\n" - -#: shell.c:1815 -msgid "\t-irsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n" -msgstr "\t-irsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n" - -#: shell.c:1830 -#, c-format -msgid "\t-%s or -o option\n" -msgstr "\t-%s or -o option\n" - -#: shell.c:1836 -#, c-format -msgid "Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n" -msgstr "Type â%s -c âhelp setââ for more information about shell options.\n" - -#: shell.c:1837 -#, c-format -msgid "Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n" -msgstr "Type â%s -c helpâ for more information about shell builtin commands.\n" - -#: shell.c:1838 -#, c-format -msgid "Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.\n" -msgstr "Use the âbashbugâ command to report bugs.\n" - -#: sig.c:647 -#, c-format -msgid "sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation" -msgstr "sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation" - -#: siglist.c:48 -msgid "Bogus signal" -msgstr "Bogus signal" - -#: siglist.c:51 -msgid "Hangup" -msgstr "Hangup" - -#: siglist.c:55 -msgid "Interrupt" -msgstr "Interrupt" - -#: siglist.c:59 -msgid "Quit" -msgstr "Quit" - -#: siglist.c:63 -msgid "Illegal instruction" -msgstr "Illegal instruction" - -#: siglist.c:67 -msgid "BPT trace/trap" -msgstr "BPT trace/trap" - -#: siglist.c:75 -msgid "ABORT instruction" -msgstr "ABORT instruction" - -#: siglist.c:79 -msgid "EMT instruction" -msgstr "EMT instruction" - -#: siglist.c:83 -msgid "Floating point exception" -msgstr "Floating point exception" - -#: siglist.c:87 -msgid "Killed" -msgstr "Killed" - -#: siglist.c:91 -msgid "Bus error" -msgstr "Bus error" - -#: siglist.c:95 -msgid "Segmentation fault" -msgstr "Segmentation fault" - -#: siglist.c:99 -msgid "Bad system call" -msgstr "Bad system call" - -#: siglist.c:103 -msgid "Broken pipe" -msgstr "Broken pipe" - -#: siglist.c:107 -msgid "Alarm clock" -msgstr "Alarm clock" - -#: siglist.c:111 -msgid "Terminated" -msgstr "Terminated" - -#: siglist.c:115 -msgid "Urgent IO condition" -msgstr "Urgent IO condition" - -#: siglist.c:119 -msgid "Stopped (signal)" -msgstr "Stopped (signal)" - -#: siglist.c:127 -msgid "Continue" -msgstr "Continue" - -#: siglist.c:135 -msgid "Child death or stop" -msgstr "Child death or stop" - -#: siglist.c:139 -msgid "Stopped (tty input)" -msgstr "Stopped (tty input)" - -#: siglist.c:143 -msgid "Stopped (tty output)" -msgstr "Stopped (tty output)" - -#: siglist.c:147 -msgid "I/O ready" -msgstr "I/O ready" - -#: siglist.c:151 -msgid "CPU limit" -msgstr "CPU limit" - -#: siglist.c:155 -msgid "File limit" -msgstr "File limit" - -#: siglist.c:159 -msgid "Alarm (virtual)" -msgstr "Alarm (virtual)" - -#: siglist.c:163 -msgid "Alarm (profile)" -msgstr "Alarm (profile)" - -#: siglist.c:167 -msgid "Window changed" -msgstr "Window changed" - -#: siglist.c:171 -msgid "Record lock" -msgstr "Record lock" - -#: siglist.c:175 -msgid "User signal 1" -msgstr "User signal 1" - -#: siglist.c:179 -msgid "User signal 2" -msgstr "User signal 2" - -#: siglist.c:183 -msgid "HFT input data pending" -msgstr "HFT input data pending" - -#: siglist.c:187 -msgid "power failure imminent" -msgstr "power failure imminent" - -#: siglist.c:191 -msgid "system crash imminent" -msgstr "system crash imminent" - -#: siglist.c:195 -msgid "migrate process to another CPU" -msgstr "migrate process to another CPU" - -#: siglist.c:199 -msgid "programming error" -msgstr "programming error" - -#: siglist.c:203 -msgid "HFT monitor mode granted" -msgstr "HFT monitor mode granted" - -#: siglist.c:207 -msgid "HFT monitor mode retracted" -msgstr "HFT monitor mode retracted" - -#: siglist.c:211 -msgid "HFT sound sequence has completed" -msgstr "HFT sound sequence has completed" - -#: siglist.c:215 -msgid "Information request" -msgstr "Information request" - -#: siglist.c:223 -msgid "Unknown Signal #" -msgstr "Unknown Signal #" - -#: siglist.c:225 -#, c-format -msgid "Unknown Signal #%d" -msgstr "Unknown Signal #%d" - -#: subst.c:1335 subst.c:1506 -#, c-format -msgid "bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s" -msgstr "bad substitution: no closing â%sâ in %s" - -#: subst.c:2801 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot assign list to array member" -msgstr "%s: cannot assign list to array member" - -#: subst.c:4991 subst.c:5007 -msgid "cannot make pipe for process substitution" -msgstr "cannot make pipe for process substitution" - -#: subst.c:5039 -msgid "cannot make child for process substitution" -msgstr "cannot make child for process substitution" - -#: subst.c:5084 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for reading" -msgstr "cannot open named pipe %s for reading" - -#: subst.c:5086 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for writing" -msgstr "cannot open named pipe %s for writing" - -#: subst.c:5104 -#, c-format -msgid "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d" -msgstr "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d" - -#: subst.c:5296 -msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution" -msgstr "cannot make pipe for command substitution" - -#: subst.c:5334 -msgid "cannot make child for command substitution" -msgstr "cannot make child for command substitution" - -#: subst.c:5351 -msgid "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1" -msgstr "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1" - -#: subst.c:5875 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: parameter null or not set" -msgstr "%s: parameter null or not set" - -#: subst.c:6141 subst.c:6156 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: substring expression < 0" -msgstr "%s: substring expression < 0" - -#: subst.c:7284 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: bad substitution" -msgstr "%s: bad substitution" - -#: subst.c:7361 -#, c-format -msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way" -msgstr "$%s: cannot assign in this way" - -#: subst.c:7697 -msgid "" -"future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic " -"substitution" -msgstr "" -"future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic " -"substitution" - -#: subst.c:8165 -#, c-format -msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s" -msgstr "bad substitution: no closing â`â in %s" - -#: subst.c:9056 -#, c-format -msgid "no match: %s" -msgstr "no match: %s" - -#: test.c:146 -msgid "argument expected" -msgstr "argument expected" - -#: test.c:155 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: integer expression expected" -msgstr "%s: integer expression expected" - -#: test.c:263 -msgid "`)' expected" -msgstr "â)â expected" - -#: test.c:265 -#, c-format -msgid "`)' expected, found %s" -msgstr "â)â expected, found %s" - -#: test.c:280 test.c:698 test.c:701 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: unary operator expected" -msgstr "%s: unary operator expected" - -#: test.c:449 test.c:741 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: binary operator expected" -msgstr "%s: binary operator expected" - -#: test.c:816 -msgid "missing `]'" -msgstr "missing â]â" - -#: trap.c:209 -msgid "invalid signal number" -msgstr "invalid signal number" - -#: trap.c:329 -#, c-format -msgid "run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p" -msgstr "run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p" - -#: trap.c:333 -#, c-format -msgid "" -"run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself" -msgstr "" -"run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself" - -#: trap.c:379 -#, c-format -msgid "trap_handler: bad signal %d" -msgstr "trap_handler: bad signal %d" - -#: variables.c:366 -#, c-format -msgid "error importing function definition for `%s'" -msgstr "error importing function definition for â%sâ" - -#: variables.c:764 -#, c-format -msgid "shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1" -msgstr "shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1" - -#: variables.c:1941 -msgid "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope" -msgstr "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope" - -#: variables.c:3192 -msgid "all_local_variables: no function context at current scope" -msgstr "all_local_variables: no function context at current scope" - -#: variables.c:3437 -#, c-format -msgid "%s has null exportstr" -msgstr "%s has null exportstr" - -#: variables.c:3442 variables.c:3451 -#, c-format -msgid "invalid character %d in exportstr for %s" -msgstr "invalid character %d in exportstr for %s" - -#: variables.c:3457 -#, c-format -msgid "no `=' in exportstr for %s" -msgstr "no â=â in exportstr for %s" - -#: variables.c:3917 -msgid "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context" -msgstr "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context" - -#: variables.c:3930 -msgid "pop_var_context: no global_variables context" -msgstr "pop_var_context: no global_variables context" - -#: variables.c:4004 -msgid "pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope" -msgstr "pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope" - -#: variables.c:4821 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: %s: cannot open as FILE" -msgstr "%s: %s: cannot open as FILE" - -#: variables.c:4826 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor" -msgstr "%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor" - -#: version.c:46 -msgid "Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc." -msgstr "Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc." - -#: version.c:47 -msgid "" -"License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later \n" -msgstr "" -"License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later \n" - -#: version.c:86 version2.c:83 -#, c-format -msgid "GNU bash, version %s (%s)\n" -msgstr "GNU bash, version %s (%s)\n" - -#: version.c:91 version2.c:88 -#, c-format -msgid "This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.\n" -msgstr "This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.\n" - -#: version.c:92 version2.c:89 -#, c-format -msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n" -msgstr "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n" - -#: version2.c:86 -#, c-format -msgid "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n" -msgstr "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n" - -#: version2.c:87 -#, c-format -msgid "" -"License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later \n" -msgstr "" -"License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later \n" - -#: xmalloc.c:91 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)" -msgstr "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)" - -#: xmalloc.c:93 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes" -msgstr "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes" - -#: xmalloc.c:163 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)" -msgstr "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)" - -#: xmalloc.c:165 -#, c-format -msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes" -msgstr "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes" - -#: builtins.c:43 -msgid "alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]" -msgstr "alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]" - -#: builtins.c:47 -msgid "unalias [-a] name [name ...]" -msgstr "unalias [-a] name [name ...]" - -#: builtins.c:51 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-" -"x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]" -msgstr "" -"bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-" -"x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]" - -#: builtins.c:54 -msgid "break [n]" -msgstr "break [n]" - -#: builtins.c:56 -msgid "continue [n]" -msgstr "continue [n]" - -#: builtins.c:58 -msgid "builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]" -msgstr "builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]" - -#: builtins.c:61 -msgid "caller [expr]" -msgstr "caller [expr]" - -#: builtins.c:64 -msgid "cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]" -msgstr "cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]" - -#: builtins.c:66 -msgid "pwd [-LP]" -msgstr "pwd [-LP]" - -#: builtins.c:68 -msgid ":" -msgstr ":" - -#: builtins.c:70 -msgid "true" -msgstr "true" - -#: builtins.c:72 -msgid "false" -msgstr "false" - -#: builtins.c:74 -msgid "command [-pVv] command [arg ...]" -msgstr "command [-pVv] command [arg ...]" - -#: builtins.c:76 -msgid "declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]" -msgstr "declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]" - -#: builtins.c:78 -msgid "typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=value] ..." -msgstr "typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=value] ..." - -#: builtins.c:80 -msgid "local [option] name[=value] ..." -msgstr "local [option] name[=value] ..." - -#: builtins.c:83 -msgid "echo [-neE] [arg ...]" -msgstr "echo [-neE] [arg ...]" - -#: builtins.c:87 -msgid "echo [-n] [arg ...]" -msgstr "echo [-n] [arg ...]" - -#: builtins.c:90 -msgid "enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]" -msgstr "enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]" - -#: builtins.c:92 -msgid "eval [arg ...]" -msgstr "eval [arg ...]" - -#: builtins.c:94 -msgid "getopts optstring name [arg]" -msgstr "getopts optstring name [arg]" - -#: builtins.c:96 -msgid "exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]" -msgstr "exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]" - -#: builtins.c:98 -msgid "exit [n]" -msgstr "exit [n]" - -#: builtins.c:100 -msgid "logout [n]" -msgstr "logout [n]" - -#: builtins.c:103 -msgid "fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]" -msgstr "fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]" - -#: builtins.c:107 -msgid "fg [job_spec]" -msgstr "fg [job_spec]" - -#: builtins.c:111 -msgid "bg [job_spec ...]" -msgstr "bg [job_spec ...]" - -#: builtins.c:114 -msgid "hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]" -msgstr "hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]" - -#: builtins.c:117 -msgid "help [-dms] [pattern ...]" -msgstr "help [-dms] [pattern ...]" - -#: builtins.c:121 -msgid "" -"history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg " -"[arg...]" -msgstr "" -"history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg " -"[arg...]" - -#: builtins.c:125 -msgid "jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]" -msgstr "jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]" - -#: builtins.c:129 -msgid "disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...]" -msgstr "disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...]" - -#: builtins.c:132 -msgid "" -"kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l " -"[sigspec]" -msgstr "" -"kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l " -"[sigspec]" - -#: builtins.c:134 -msgid "let arg [arg ...]" -msgstr "let arg [arg ...]" - -#: builtins.c:136 -msgid "" -"read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p " -"prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]" -msgstr "" -"read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p " -"prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]" - -#: builtins.c:138 -msgid "return [n]" -msgstr "return [n]" - -#: builtins.c:140 -msgid "set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...]" -msgstr "set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...]" - -#: builtins.c:142 -msgid "unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]" -msgstr "unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]" - -#: builtins.c:144 -msgid "export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p" -msgstr "export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p" - -#: builtins.c:146 -msgid "readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p" -msgstr "readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p" - -#: builtins.c:148 -msgid "shift [n]" -msgstr "shift [n]" - -#: builtins.c:150 -msgid "source filename [arguments]" -msgstr "source filename [arguments]" - -#: builtins.c:152 -msgid ". filename [arguments]" -msgstr ". filename [arguments]" - -#: builtins.c:155 -msgid "suspend [-f]" -msgstr "suspend [-f]" - -#: builtins.c:158 -msgid "test [expr]" -msgstr "test [expr]" - -#: builtins.c:160 -msgid "[ arg... ]" -msgstr "[ arg... ]" - -#: builtins.c:162 -msgid "times" -msgstr "times" - -#: builtins.c:164 -msgid "trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]" -msgstr "trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]" - -#: builtins.c:166 -msgid "type [-afptP] name [name ...]" -msgstr "type [-afptP] name [name ...]" - -#: builtins.c:169 -#, fuzzy -msgid "ulimit [-SHabcdefilmnpqrstuvxT] [limit]" -msgstr "ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit]" - -#: builtins.c:172 -msgid "umask [-p] [-S] [mode]" -msgstr "umask [-p] [-S] [mode]" - -#: builtins.c:175 -#, fuzzy -msgid "wait [id ...]" -msgstr "wait [id]" - -#: builtins.c:179 -msgid "wait [pid]" -msgstr "wait [pid]" - -#: builtins.c:182 -msgid "for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done" -msgstr "for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done" - -#: builtins.c:184 -msgid "for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done" -msgstr "for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done" - -#: builtins.c:186 -msgid "select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done" -msgstr "select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done" - -#: builtins.c:188 -msgid "time [-p] pipeline" -msgstr "time [-p] pipeline" - -#: builtins.c:190 -msgid "case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac" -msgstr "case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac" - -#: builtins.c:192 -msgid "" -"if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else " -"COMMANDS; ] fi" -msgstr "" -"if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else " -"COMMANDS; ] fi" - -#: builtins.c:194 -msgid "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done" -msgstr "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done" - -#: builtins.c:196 -msgid "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done" -msgstr "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done" - -#: builtins.c:198 -msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]" -msgstr "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]" - -#: builtins.c:200 -msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }" -msgstr "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }" - -#: builtins.c:202 -msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }" -msgstr "{ COMMANDS ; }" - -#: builtins.c:204 -msgid "job_spec [&]" -msgstr "job_spec [&]" - -#: builtins.c:206 -msgid "(( expression ))" -msgstr "(( expression ))" - -#: builtins.c:208 -msgid "[[ expression ]]" -msgstr "[[ expression ]]" - -#: builtins.c:210 -msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables" -msgstr "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables" - -#: builtins.c:213 -msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]" -msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]" - -#: builtins.c:217 -msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]" -msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]" - -#: builtins.c:221 -msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]" -msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]" - -#: builtins.c:224 -msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]" -msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]" - -#: builtins.c:226 -msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]" -msgstr "printf [-v var] format [arguments]" - -#: builtins.c:229 -msgid "" -"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-" -"W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S " -"suffix] [name ...]" -msgstr "" -"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-" -"W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S " -"suffix] [name ...]" - -#: builtins.c:233 -msgid "" -"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] " -"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]" -msgstr "" -"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] " -"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]" - -#: builtins.c:237 -msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]" -msgstr "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]" - -#: builtins.c:240 -msgid "" -"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c " -"quantum] [array]" -msgstr "" -"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c " -"quantum] [array]" - -#: builtins.c:242 -msgid "" -"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c " -"quantum] [array]" -msgstr "" -"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c " -"quantum] [array]" - -#: builtins.c:254 -msgid "" -"Define or display aliases.\n" -" \n" -" Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable\n" -" form `alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output.\n" -" \n" -" Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given.\n" -" A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for\n" -" alias substitution when the alias is expanded.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tPrint all defined aliases in a reusable format\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has " -"been\n" -" defined." -msgstr "" -"Define or display aliases.\n" -" \n" -" Without arguments, âaliasâ prints the list of aliases in the reusable\n" -" form âalias NAME=VALUEâ on standard output.\n" -" \n" -" Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given.\n" -" A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for\n" -" alias substitution when the alias is expanded.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tPrint all defined aliases in a reusable format\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has " -"been\n" -" defined." - -#: builtins.c:276 -msgid "" -"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\tremove all alias definitions.\n" -" \n" -" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias." -msgstr "" -"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\tremove all alias definitions.\n" -" \n" -" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias." - -#: builtins.c:289 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n" -" \n" -" Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a\n" -" Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to\n" -" that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument:\n" -" e.g., bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this\n" -" command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,\n" -" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-" -"move,\n" -" vi-command, and vi-insert.\n" -" -l List names of functions.\n" -" -P List function names and bindings.\n" -" -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be\n" -" reused as input.\n" -" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their " -"values\n" -" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their " -"values\n" -" in a form that can be reused as input.\n" -" -V List variable names and values\n" -" -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n" -" be reused as input.\n" -" -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function.\n" -" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named " -"function.\n" -" -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.\n" -" -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME.\n" -" -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when\n" -" \t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered.\n" -" -X\t\t List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands\n" -" in a form that can be reused as input.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n" -" \n" -" Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a\n" -" Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to\n" -" that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument:\n" -" e.g., bind 'â\\C-x\\C-râ: re-read-init-file'.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this\n" -" command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,\n" -" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-" -"move,\n" -" vi-command, and vi-insert.\n" -" -l List names of functions.\n" -" -P List function names and bindings.\n" -" -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be\n" -" reused as input.\n" -" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their " -"values\n" -" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their " -"values\n" -" in a form that can be reused as input.\n" -" -V List variable names and values\n" -" -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n" -" be reused as input.\n" -" -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function.\n" -" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named " -"function.\n" -" -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.\n" -" -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME.\n" -" -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when\n" -" \t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:328 -msgid "" -"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n" -" \n" -" Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing\n" -" loops.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1." -msgstr "" -"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n" -" \n" -" Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing\n" -" loops.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1." - -#: builtins.c:340 -msgid "" -"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n" -" \n" -" Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop.\n" -" If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1." -msgstr "" -"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n" -" \n" -" Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop.\n" -" If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1." - -#: builtins.c:352 -msgid "" -"Execute shell builtins.\n" -" \n" -" Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command\n" -" lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin\n" -" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the " -"function.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n" -" not a shell builtin.." -msgstr "" -"Execute shell builtins.\n" -" \n" -" Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command\n" -" lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin\n" -" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the " -"function.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n" -" not a shell builtin.." - -#: builtins.c:367 -msgid "" -"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n" -" \n" -" Without EXPR, returns \"$line $filename\". With EXPR, returns\n" -" \"$line $subroutine $filename\"; this extra information can be used to\n" -" provide a stack trace.\n" -" \n" -" The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n" -" current one; the top frame is frame 0.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n" -" is invalid." -msgstr "" -"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n" -" \n" -" Without EXPR, returns â$line $filenameâ. With EXPR, returns\n" -" â$line $subroutine $filenameâ; this extra information can be used to\n" -" provide a stack trace.\n" -" \n" -" The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n" -" current one; the top frame is frame 0.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n" -" is invalid." - -#: builtins.c:385 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Change the shell working directory.\n" -" \n" -" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of " -"the\n" -" HOME shell variable.\n" -" \n" -" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory " -"containing\n" -" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon " -"(:).\n" -" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR " -"begins\n" -" with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.\n" -" \n" -" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is " -"set,\n" -" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a " -"value,\n" -" its value is used for DIR.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -L\tforce symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic links in\n" -" \tDIR after processing instances of `..'\n" -" -P\tuse the physical directory structure without following symbolic\n" -" \tlinks: resolve symbolic links in DIR before processing instances\n" -" \tof `..'\n" -" -e\tif the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory\n" -" \tcannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status\n" -" \n" -" The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.\n" -" `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname " -"component\n" -" back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully " -"when\n" -" -P is used; non-zero otherwise." -msgstr "" -"Change the shell working directory.\n" -" \n" -" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of " -"the\n" -" HOME shell variable.\n" -" \n" -" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory " -"containing\n" -" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon " -"(:).\n" -" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR " -"begins\n" -" with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.\n" -" \n" -" If the directory is not found, and the shell option âcdable_varsâ is " -"set,\n" -" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a " -"value,\n" -" its value is used for DIR.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -L\tforce symbolic links to be followed\n" -" -P\tuse the physical directory structure without following symbolic\n" -" \tlinks\n" -" -e\tif the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory\n" -" \tcannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status\n" -" \n" -" The default is to follow symbolic links, as if â-Lâ were specified.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully " -"when\n" -" -P is used; non-zero otherwise." - -#: builtins.c:420 -msgid "" -"Print the name of the current working directory.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -L\tprint the value of $PWD if it names the current working\n" -" \tdirectory\n" -" -P\tprint the physical directory, without any symbolic links\n" -" \n" -" By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory\n" -" cannot be read." -msgstr "" -"Print the name of the current working directory.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -L\tprint the value of $PWD if it names the current working\n" -" \tdirectory\n" -" -P\tprint the physical directory, without any symbolic links\n" -" \n" -" By default, âpwdâ behaves as if â-Lâ were specified.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory\n" -" cannot be read." - -#: builtins.c:437 -msgid "" -"Null command.\n" -" \n" -" No effect; the command does nothing.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Always succeeds." -msgstr "" -"Null command.\n" -" \n" -" No effect; the command does nothing.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Always succeeds." - -#: builtins.c:448 -msgid "" -"Return a successful result.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Always succeeds." -msgstr "" -"Return a successful result.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Always succeeds." - -#: builtins.c:457 -msgid "" -"Return an unsuccessful result.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Always fails." -msgstr "" -"Return an unsuccessful result.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Always fails." - -#: builtins.c:466 -msgid "" -"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n" -" \n" -" Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display\n" -" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke " -"commands\n" -" on disk when a function with the same name exists.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tuse a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of\n" -" \tthe standard utilities\n" -" -v\tprint a description of COMMAND similar to the `type' builtin\n" -" -V\tprint a more verbose description of each COMMAND\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found." -msgstr "" -"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n" -" \n" -" Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display\n" -" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke " -"commands\n" -" on disk when a function with the same name exists.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tuse a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of\n" -" \tthe standard utilities\n" -" -v\tprint a description of COMMAND similar to the âtypeâ builtin\n" -" -V\tprint a more verbose description of each COMMAND\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found." - -#: builtins.c:485 -msgid "" -"Set variable values and attributes.\n" -" \n" -" Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given,\n" -" display the attributes and values of all variables.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -f\trestrict action or display to function names and definitions\n" -" -F\trestrict display to function names only (plus line number and\n" -" \tsource file when debugging)\n" -" -g\tcreate global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise\n" -" \tignored\n" -" -p\tdisplay the attributes and value of each NAME\n" -" \n" -" Options which set attributes:\n" -" -a\tto make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported)\n" -" -A\tto make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported)\n" -" -i\tto make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute\n" -" -l\tto convert NAMEs to lower case on assignment\n" -" -r\tto make NAMEs readonly\n" -" -t\tto make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute\n" -" -u\tto convert NAMEs to upper case on assignment\n" -" -x\tto make NAMEs export\n" -" \n" -" Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute.\n" -" \n" -" Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see\n" -" the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.\n" -" \n" -" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the " -"`local'\n" -" command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Set variable values and attributes.\n" -" \n" -" Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given,\n" -" display the attributes and values of all variables.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -f\trestrict action or display to function names and definitions\n" -" -F\trestrict display to function names only (plus line number and\n" -" \tsource file when debugging)\n" -" -g\tcreate global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise\n" -" \tignored\n" -" -p\tdisplay the attributes and value of each NAME\n" -" \n" -" Options which set attributes:\n" -" -a\tto make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported)\n" -" -A\tto make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported)\n" -" -i\tto make NAMEs have the âintegerâ attribute\n" -" -l\tto convert NAMEs to lower case on assignment\n" -" -r\tto make NAMEs readonly\n" -" -t\tto make NAMEs have the âtraceâ attribute\n" -" -u\tto convert NAMEs to upper case on assignment\n" -" -x\tto make NAMEs export\n" -" \n" -" Using â+â instead of â-â turns off the given attribute.\n" -" \n" -" Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see\n" -" the âletâ command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.\n" -" \n" -" When used in a function, âdeclareâ makes NAMEs local, as with the " -"âlocalâ\n" -" command. The â-gâ option suppresses this behavior.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:523 -msgid "" -"Set variable values and attributes.\n" -" \n" -" Obsolete. See `help declare'." -msgstr "" -"Set variable values and attributes.\n" -" \n" -" Obsolete. See âhelp declareâ." - -#: builtins.c:531 -msgid "" -"Define local variables.\n" -" \n" -" Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can\n" -" be any option accepted by `declare'.\n" -" \n" -" Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible\n" -" only to the function where they are defined and its children.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, an error occurs,\n" -" or the shell is not executing a function." -msgstr "" -"Define local variables.\n" -" \n" -" Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can\n" -" be any option accepted by âdeclareâ.\n" -" \n" -" Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible\n" -" only to the function where they are defined and its children.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, an error occurs,\n" -" or the shell is not executing a function." - -#: builtins.c:548 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Write arguments to the standard output.\n" -" \n" -" Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by " -"a\n" -" newline, on the standard output.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tdo not append a newline\n" -" -e\tenable interpretation of the following backslash escapes\n" -" -E\texplicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes\n" -" \n" -" `echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters:\n" -" \\a\talert (bell)\n" -" \\b\tbackspace\n" -" \\c\tsuppress further output\n" -" \\e\tescape character\n" -" \\E\tescape character\n" -" \\f\tform feed\n" -" \\n\tnew line\n" -" \\r\tcarriage return\n" -" \\t\thorizontal tab\n" -" \\v\tvertical tab\n" -" \\\\\tbackslash\n" -" \\0nnn\tthe character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be\n" -" \t0 to 3 octal digits\n" -" \\xHH\tthe eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH\n" -" \tcan be one or two hex digits\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless a write error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Write arguments to the standard output.\n" -" \n" -" Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tdo not append a newline\n" -" -e\tenable interpretation of the following backslash escapes\n" -" -E\texplicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes\n" -" \n" -" âechoâ interprets the following backslash-escaped characters:\n" -" \\a\talert (bell)\n" -" \\b\tbackspace\n" -" \\c\tsuppress further output\n" -" \\e\tescape character\n" -" \\f\tform feed\n" -" \\n\tnew line\n" -" \\r\tcarriage return\n" -" \\t\thorizontal tab\n" -" \\v\tvertical tab\n" -" \\\\\tbackslash\n" -" \\0nnn\tthe character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be\n" -" \t0 to 3 octal digits\n" -" \\xHH\tthe eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH\n" -" \tcan be one or two hex digits\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless a write error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:584 -msgid "" -"Write arguments to the standard output.\n" -" \n" -" Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tdo not append a newline\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless a write error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Write arguments to the standard output.\n" -" \n" -" Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tdo not append a newline\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless a write error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:599 -msgid "" -"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n" -" \n" -" Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to\n" -" execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin\n" -" without using a full pathname.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\tprint a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled\n" -" -n\tdisable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins\n" -" -p\tprint the list of builtins in a reusable format\n" -" -s\tprint only the names of Posix `special' builtins\n" -" \n" -" Options controlling dynamic loading:\n" -" -f\tLoad builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME\n" -" -d\tRemove a builtin loaded with -f\n" -" \n" -" Without options, each NAME is enabled.\n" -" \n" -" To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin\n" -" version, type `enable -n test'.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n" -" \n" -" Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to\n" -" execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin\n" -" without using a full pathname.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\tprint a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled\n" -" -n\tdisable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins\n" -" -p\tprint the list of builtins in a reusable format\n" -" -s\tprint only the names of Posix âspecialâ builtins\n" -" \n" -" Options controlling dynamic loading:\n" -" -f\tLoad builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME\n" -" -d\tRemove a builtin loaded with -f\n" -" \n" -" Without options, each NAME is enabled.\n" -" \n" -" To use the âtestâ found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin\n" -" version, type âenable -n testâ.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:627 -msgid "" -"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n" -" \n" -" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the " -"shell,\n" -" and execute the resulting commands.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null." -msgstr "" -"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n" -" \n" -" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the " -"shell,\n" -" and execute the resulting commands.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null." - -#: builtins.c:639 -msgid "" -"Parse option arguments.\n" -" \n" -" Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters\n" -" as options.\n" -" \n" -" OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter\n" -" is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,\n" -" which should be separated from it by white space.\n" -" \n" -" Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the\n" -" shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and\n" -" the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell\n" -" variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or\n" -" a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument,\n" -" getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG.\n" -" \n" -" getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character\n" -" of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In\n" -" this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is\n" -" seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a\n" -" required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and\n" -" sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in\n" -" silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into\n" -" NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?'\n" -" is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is\n" -" printed.\n" -" \n" -" If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the\n" -" printing of error messages, even if the first character of\n" -" OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default.\n" -" \n" -" Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if\n" -" more arguments are given, they are parsed instead.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is\n" -" encountered or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Parse option arguments.\n" -" \n" -" Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters\n" -" as options.\n" -" \n" -" OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter\n" -" is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,\n" -" which should be separated from it by white space.\n" -" \n" -" Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the\n" -" shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and\n" -" the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell\n" -" variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or\n" -" a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument,\n" -" getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG.\n" -" \n" -" getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character\n" -" of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In\n" -" this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is\n" -" seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a\n" -" required argument is not found, getopts places a â:â into NAME and\n" -" sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in\n" -" silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places â?â into\n" -" NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a â?â\n" -" is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is\n" -" printed.\n" -" \n" -" If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the\n" -" printing of error messages, even if the first character of\n" -" OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default.\n" -" \n" -" Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if\n" -" more arguments are given, they are parsed instead.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is\n" -" encountered or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:681 -msgid "" -"Replace the shell with the given command.\n" -" \n" -" Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.\n" -" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not " -"specified,\n" -" any redirections take effect in the current shell.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a name\tpass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n" -" -c\t\texecute COMMAND with an empty environment\n" -" -l\t\tplace a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n" -" \n" -" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, " -"unless\n" -" the shell option `execfail' is set.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error " -"occurs." -msgstr "" -"Replace the shell with the given command.\n" -" \n" -" Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.\n" -" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not " -"specified,\n" -" any redirections take effect in the current shell.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a name\tpass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n" -" -c\t\texecute COMMAND with an empty environment\n" -" -l\t\tplace a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n" -" \n" -" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, " -"unless\n" -" the shell option âexecfailâ is set.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error " -"occurs." - -#: builtins.c:702 -msgid "" -"Exit the shell.\n" -" \n" -" Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status\n" -" is that of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Exit the shell.\n" -" \n" -" Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status\n" -" is that of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:711 -msgid "" -"Exit a login shell.\n" -" \n" -" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not " -"executed\n" -" in a login shell." -msgstr "" -"Exit a login shell.\n" -" \n" -" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not " -"executed\n" -" in a login shell." - -#: builtins.c:721 -msgid "" -"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n" -" \n" -" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history " -"list.\n" -" FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a\n" -" string, which means the most recent command beginning with that\n" -" string.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then " -"EDITOR,\n" -" \t\tthen vi\n" -" -l \tlist lines instead of editing\n" -" -n\tomit line numbers when listing\n" -" -r\treverse the order of the lines (newest listed first)\n" -" \n" -" With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is\n" -" re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed.\n" -" \n" -" A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc'\n" -" runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes\n" -" the last command.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error " -"occurs." -msgstr "" -"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n" -" \n" -" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history " -"list.\n" -" FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a\n" -" string, which means the most recent command beginning with that\n" -" string.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then " -"EDITOR,\n" -" \t\tthen vi\n" -" -l \tlist lines instead of editing\n" -" -n\tomit line numbers when listing\n" -" -r\treverse the order of the lines (newest listed first)\n" -" \n" -" With the âfc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]â format, COMMAND is\n" -" re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed.\n" -" \n" -" A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing âr ccâ\n" -" runs the last command beginning with âccâ and typing ârâ re-executes\n" -" the last command.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error " -"occurs." - -#: builtins.c:751 -msgid "" -"Move job to the foreground.\n" -" \n" -" Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the\n" -" current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the\n" -" current job is used.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Move job to the foreground.\n" -" \n" -" Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the\n" -" current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the\n" -" current job is used.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:766 -msgid "" -"Move jobs to the background.\n" -" \n" -" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if " -"they\n" -" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's " -"notion\n" -" of the current job is used.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Move jobs to the background.\n" -" \n" -" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if " -"they\n" -" had been started with â&â. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's " -"notion\n" -" of the current job is used.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:780 -msgid "" -"Remember or display program locations.\n" -" \n" -" Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If\n" -" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is " -"displayed.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -d\t\tforget the remembered location of each NAME\n" -" -l\t\tdisplay in a format that may be reused as input\n" -" -p pathname\tuse PATHNAME is the full pathname of NAME\n" -" -r\t\tforget all remembered locations\n" -" -t\t\tprint the remembered location of each NAME, preceding\n" -" \t\teach location with the corresponding NAME if multiple\n" -" \t\tNAMEs are given\n" -" Arguments:\n" -" NAME\t\tEach NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list\n" -" \t\tof remembered commands.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given." -msgstr "" -"Remember or display program locations.\n" -" \n" -" Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If\n" -" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is " -"displayed.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -d\t\tforget the remembered location of each NAME\n" -" -l\t\tdisplay in a format that may be reused as input\n" -" -p pathname\tuse PATHNAME is the full pathname of NAME\n" -" -r\t\tforget all remembered locations\n" -" -t\t\tprint the remembered location of each NAME, preceding\n" -" \t\teach location with the corresponding NAME if multiple\n" -" \t\tNAMEs are given\n" -" Arguments:\n" -" NAME\t\tEach NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list\n" -" \t\tof remembered commands.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given." - -#: builtins.c:805 -msgid "" -"Display information about builtin commands.\n" -" \n" -" Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is\n" -" specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,\n" -" otherwise the list of help topics is printed.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -d\toutput short description for each topic\n" -" -m\tdisplay usage in pseudo-manpage format\n" -" -s\toutput only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching\n" -" \tPATTERN\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" PATTERN\tPattern specifiying a help topic\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is " -"given." -msgstr "" -"Display information about builtin commands.\n" -" \n" -" Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is\n" -" specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,\n" -" otherwise the list of help topics is printed.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -d\toutput short description for each topic\n" -" -m\tdisplay usage in pseudo-manpage format\n" -" -s\toutput only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching\n" -" \tPATTERN\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" PATTERN\tPattern specifiying a help topic\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is " -"given." - -#: builtins.c:829 -msgid "" -"Display or manipulate the history list.\n" -" \n" -" Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified\n" -" entry with a `*'. An argument of N lists only the last N entries.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -c\tclear the history list by deleting all of the entries\n" -" -d offset\tdelete the history entry at offset OFFSET.\n" -" \n" -" -a\tappend history lines from this session to the history file\n" -" -n\tread all history lines not already read from the history file\n" -" -r\tread the history file and append the contents to the history\n" -" \tlist\n" -" -w\twrite the current history to the history file\n" -" \tand append them to the history list\n" -" \n" -" -p\tperform history expansion on each ARG and display the result\n" -" \twithout storing it in the history list\n" -" -s\tappend the ARGs to the history list as a single entry\n" -" \n" -" If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise,\n" -" if $HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.\n" -" \n" -" If the $HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n" -" as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n" -" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed " -"otherwise.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Display or manipulate the history list.\n" -" \n" -" Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified\n" -" entry with a â*â. An argument of N lists only the last N entries.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -c\tclear the history list by deleting all of the entries\n" -" -d offset\tdelete the history entry at offset OFFSET.\n" -" \n" -" -a\tappend history lines from this session to the history file\n" -" -n\tread all history lines not already read from the history file\n" -" -r\tread the history file and append the contents to the history\n" -" \tlist\n" -" -w\twrite the current history to the history file\n" -" \tand append them to the history list\n" -" \n" -" -p\tperform history expansion on each ARG and display the result\n" -" \twithout storing it in the history list\n" -" -s\tappend the ARGs to the history list as a single entry\n" -" \n" -" If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise,\n" -" if $HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.\n" -" \n" -" If the $HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n" -" as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n" -" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed " -"otherwise.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:865 -msgid "" -"Display status of jobs.\n" -" \n" -" Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job.\n" -" Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -l\tlists process IDs in addition to the normal information\n" -" -n\tlist only processes that have changed status since the last\n" -" \tnotification\n" -" -p\tlists process IDs only\n" -" -r\trestrict output to running jobs\n" -" -s\trestrict output to stopped jobs\n" -" \n" -" If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that\n" -" appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's\n" -" process group leader.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.\n" -" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND." -msgstr "" -"Display status of jobs.\n" -" \n" -" Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job.\n" -" Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -l\tlists process IDs in addition to the normal information\n" -" -n\tlist only processes that have changed status since the last\n" -" \tnotification\n" -" -p\tlists process IDs only\n" -" -r\trestrict output to running jobs\n" -" -s\trestrict output to stopped jobs\n" -" \n" -" If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that\n" -" appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's\n" -" process group leader.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.\n" -" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND." - -#: builtins.c:892 -msgid "" -"Remove jobs from current shell.\n" -" \n" -" Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without\n" -" any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\tremove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied\n" -" -h\tmark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the\n" -" \tshell receives a SIGHUP\n" -" -r\tremove only running jobs\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given." -msgstr "" -"Remove jobs from current shell.\n" -" \n" -" Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without\n" -" any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\tremove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied\n" -" -h\tmark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the\n" -" \tshell receives a SIGHUP\n" -" -r\tremove only running jobs\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given." - -#: builtins.c:911 -msgid "" -"Send a signal to a job.\n" -" \n" -" Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by\n" -" SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then\n" -" SIGTERM is assumed.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -s sig\tSIG is a signal name\n" -" -n sig\tSIG is a signal number\n" -" -l\tlist the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are\n" -" \tassumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed\n" -" \n" -" Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used\n" -" instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit\n" -" on processes that you can create is reached.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Send a signal to a job.\n" -" \n" -" Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by\n" -" SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then\n" -" SIGTERM is assumed.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -s sig\tSIG is a signal name\n" -" -n sig\tSIG is a signal number\n" -" -l\tlist the signal names; if arguments follow â-lâ they are\n" -" \tassumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed\n" -" \n" -" Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used\n" -" instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit\n" -" on processes that you can create is reached.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:934 -msgid "" -"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n" -" \n" -" Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in\n" -" fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0\n" -" is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is\n" -" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are " -"listed\n" -" in order of decreasing precedence.\n" -" \n" -" \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement\n" -" \t++id, --id\tvariable pre-increment, pre-decrement\n" -" \t-, +\t\tunary minus, plus\n" -" \t!, ~\t\tlogical and bitwise negation\n" -" \t**\t\texponentiation\n" -" \t*, /, %\t\tmultiplication, division, remainder\n" -" \t+, -\t\taddition, subtraction\n" -" \t<<, >>\t\tleft and right bitwise shifts\n" -" \t<=, >=, <, >\tcomparison\n" -" \t==, !=\t\tequality, inequality\n" -" \t&\t\tbitwise AND\n" -" \t^\t\tbitwise XOR\n" -" \t|\t\tbitwise OR\n" -" \t&&\t\tlogical AND\n" -" \t||\t\tlogical OR\n" -" \texpr ? expr : expr\n" -" \t\t\tconditional operator\n" -" \t=, *=, /=, %=,\n" -" \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=,\n" -" \t&=, ^=, |=\tassignment\n" -" \n" -" Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable\n" -" is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within\n" -" an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute\n" -" turned on to be used in an expression.\n" -" \n" -" Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in\n" -" parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence\n" -" rules above.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise." -msgstr "" -"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n" -" \n" -" Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in\n" -" fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0\n" -" is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is\n" -" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are " -"listed\n" -" in order of decreasing precedence.\n" -" \n" -" \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement\n" -" \t++id, --id\tvariable pre-increment, pre-decrement\n" -" \t-, +\t\tunary minus, plus\n" -" \t!, ~\t\tlogical and bitwise negation\n" -" \t**\t\texponentiation\n" -" \t*, /, %\t\tmultiplication, division, remainder\n" -" \t+, -\t\taddition, subtraction\n" -" \t<<, >>\t\tleft and right bitwise shifts\n" -" \t<=, >=, <, >\tcomparison\n" -" \t==, !=\t\tequality, inequality\n" -" \t&\t\tbitwise AND\n" -" \t^\t\tbitwise XOR\n" -" \t|\t\tbitwise OR\n" -" \t&&\t\tlogical AND\n" -" \t||\t\tlogical OR\n" -" \texpr ? expr : expr\n" -" \t\t\tconditional operator\n" -" \t=, *=, /=, %=,\n" -" \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=,\n" -" \t&=, ^=, |=\tassignment\n" -" \n" -" Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable\n" -" is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within\n" -" an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute\n" -" turned on to be used in an expression.\n" -" \n" -" Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in\n" -" parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence\n" -" rules above.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise." - -#: builtins.c:979 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n" -" \n" -" Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD\n" -" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with " -"word\n" -" splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second\n" -" word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to\n" -" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as " -"word\n" -" delimiters.\n" -" \n" -" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY " -"variable.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a array\tassign the words read to sequential indices of the array\n" -" \t\tvariable ARRAY, starting at zero\n" -" -d delim\tcontinue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather\n" -" \t\tthan newline\n" -" -e\t\tuse Readline to obtain the line in an interactive shell\n" -" -i text\tUse TEXT as the initial text for Readline\n" -" -n nchars\treturn after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting\n" -" \t\tfor a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS\n" -" \t\tcharacters are read before the delimiter\n" -" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, " -"unless\n" -" \t\tEOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter\n" -" -p prompt\toutput the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before\n" -" \t\tattempting to read\n" -" -r\t\tdo not allow backslashes to escape any characters\n" -" -s\t\tdo not echo input coming from a terminal\n" -" -t timeout\ttime out and return failure if a complete line of input " -"is\n" -" \t\tnot read withint TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT\n" -" \t\tvariable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a\n" -" \t\tfractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns immediately,\n" -" \t\twithout trying to read any data, returning success only if\n" -" \t\tinput is available on the specified file descriptor. The\n" -" \t\texit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded\n" -" -u fd\t\tread from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times " -"out\n" -" (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error " -"occurs,\n" -" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u." -msgstr "" -"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n" -" \n" -" Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD\n" -" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with " -"word\n" -" splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second\n" -" word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to\n" -" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as " -"word\n" -" delimiters.\n" -" \n" -" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY " -"variable.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a array\tassign the words read to sequential indices of the array\n" -" \t\tvariable ARRAY, starting at zero\n" -" -d delim\tcontinue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather\n" -" \t\tthan newline\n" -" -e\t\tuse Readline to obtain the line in an interactive shell\n" -" -i text\tUse TEXT as the initial text for Readline\n" -" -n nchars\treturn after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting\n" -" \t\tfor a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS\n" -" \t\tcharacters are read before the delimiter\n" -" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, " -"unless\n" -" \t\tEOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter\n" -" -p prompt\toutput the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before\n" -" \t\tattempting to read\n" -" -r\t\tdo not allow backslashes to escape any characters\n" -" -s\t\tdo not echo input coming from a terminal\n" -" -t timeout\ttime out and return failure if a complete line of input " -"is\n" -" \t\tnot read withint TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT\n" -" \t\tvariable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a\n" -" \t\tfractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns success only\n" -" \t\tif input is available on the specified file descriptor. The\n" -" \t\texit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded\n" -" -u fd\t\tread from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times " -"out,\n" -" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u." - -#: builtins.c:1024 -msgid "" -"Return from a shell function.\n" -" \n" -" Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value\n" -" specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the\n" -" last command executed within the function or script.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script." -msgstr "" -"Return from a shell function.\n" -" \n" -" Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value\n" -" specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the\n" -" last command executed within the function or script.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script." - -#: builtins.c:1037 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n" -" \n" -" Change the value of shell attributes and positional parameters, or\n" -" display the names and values of shell variables.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export.\n" -" -b Notify of job termination immediately.\n" -" -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.\n" -" -f Disable file name generation (globbing).\n" -" -h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up.\n" -" -k All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a\n" -" command, not just those that precede the command name.\n" -" -m Job control is enabled.\n" -" -n Read commands but do not execute them.\n" -" -o option-name\n" -" Set the variable corresponding to option-name:\n" -" allexport same as -a\n" -" braceexpand same as -B\n" -" emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface\n" -" errexit same as -e\n" -" errtrace same as -E\n" -" functrace same as -T\n" -" hashall same as -h\n" -" histexpand same as -H\n" -" history enable command history\n" -" ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF\n" -" interactive-comments\n" -" allow comments to appear in interactive commands\n" -" keyword same as -k\n" -" monitor same as -m\n" -" noclobber same as -C\n" -" noexec same as -n\n" -" noglob same as -f\n" -" nolog currently accepted but ignored\n" -" notify same as -b\n" -" nounset same as -u\n" -" onecmd same as -t\n" -" physical same as -P\n" -" pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of\n" -" the last command to exit with a non-zero status,\n" -" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero " -"status\n" -" posix change the behavior of bash where the default\n" -" operation differs from the Posix standard to\n" -" match the standard\n" -" privileged same as -p\n" -" verbose same as -v\n" -" vi use a vi-style line editing interface\n" -" xtrace same as -x\n" -" -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match.\n" -" Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell\n" -" functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and\n" -" gid to be set to the real uid and gid.\n" -" -t Exit after reading and executing one command.\n" -" -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.\n" -" -v Print shell input lines as they are read.\n" -" -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.\n" -" -B the shell will perform brace expansion\n" -" -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten\n" -" by redirection of output.\n" -" -E If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions.\n" -" -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on\n" -" by default when the shell is interactive.\n" -" -P If set, do not resolve symbolic links when executing commands\n" -" such as cd which change the current directory.\n" -" -T If set, the DEBUG trap is inherited by shell functions.\n" -" -- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n" -" If there are no remaining arguments, the positional parameters\n" -" are unset.\n" -" - Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n" -" The -x and -v options are turned off.\n" -" \n" -" Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The\n" -" flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current\n" -" set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional\n" -" parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no\n" -" ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given." -msgstr "" -"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n" -" \n" -" Change the value of shell attributes and positional parameters, or\n" -" display the names and values of shell variables.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export.\n" -" -b Notify of job termination immediately.\n" -" -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.\n" -" -f Disable file name generation (globbing).\n" -" -h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up.\n" -" -k All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a\n" -" command, not just those that precede the command name.\n" -" -m Job control is enabled.\n" -" -n Read commands but do not execute them.\n" -" -o option-name\n" -" Set the variable corresponding to option-name:\n" -" allexport same as -a\n" -" braceexpand same as -B\n" -" emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface\n" -" errexit same as -e\n" -" errtrace same as -E\n" -" functrace same as -T\n" -" hashall same as -h\n" -" histexpand same as -H\n" -" history enable command history\n" -" ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF\n" -" interactive-comments\n" -" allow comments to appear in interactive commands\n" -" keyword same as -k\n" -" monitor same as -m\n" -" noclobber same as -C\n" -" noexec same as -n\n" -" noglob same as -f\n" -" nolog currently accepted but ignored\n" -" notify same as -b\n" -" nounset same as -u\n" -" onecmd same as -t\n" -" physical same as -P\n" -" pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of\n" -" the last command to exit with a non-zero status,\n" -" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero " -"status\n" -" posix change the behavior of bash where the default\n" -" operation differs from the Posix standard to\n" -" match the standard\n" -" privileged same as -p\n" -" verbose same as -v\n" -" vi use a vi-style line editing interface\n" -" xtrace same as -x\n" -" -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match.\n" -" Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell\n" -" functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and\n" -" gid to be set to the real uid and gid.\n" -" -t Exit after reading and executing one command.\n" -" -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.\n" -" -v Print shell input lines as they are read.\n" -" -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.\n" -" -B the shell will perform brace expansion\n" -" -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten\n" -" by redirection of output.\n" -" -E If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions.\n" -" -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on\n" -" by default when the shell is interactive.\n" -" -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands\n" -" such as cd which change the current directory.\n" -" -T If set, the DEBUG trap is inherited by shell functions.\n" -" -- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n" -" If there are no remaining arguments, the positional parameters\n" -" are unset.\n" -" - Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n" -" The -x and -v options are turned off.\n" -" \n" -" Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The\n" -" flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current\n" -" set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional\n" -" parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no\n" -" ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given." - -#: builtins.c:1122 -msgid "" -"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n" -" \n" -" For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -f\ttreat each NAME as a shell function\n" -" -v\ttreat each NAME as a shell variable\n" -" \n" -" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that " -"fails,\n" -" tries to unset a function.\n" -" \n" -" Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only." -msgstr "" -"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n" -" \n" -" For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -f\ttreat each NAME as a shell function\n" -" -v\ttreat each NAME as a shell variable\n" -" \n" -" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that " -"fails,\n" -" tries to unset a function.\n" -" \n" -" Some variables cannot be unset; also see âreadonlyâ.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only." - -#: builtins.c:1142 -msgid "" -"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n" -" \n" -" Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently\n" -" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before " -"exporting.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -f\trefer to shell functions\n" -" -n\tremove the export property from each NAME\n" -" -p\tdisplay a list of all exported variables and functions\n" -" \n" -" An argument of `--' disables further option processing.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid." -msgstr "" -"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n" -" \n" -" Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently\n" -" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before " -"exporting.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -f\trefer to shell functions\n" -" -n\tremove the export property from each NAME\n" -" -p\tdisplay a list of all exported variables and functions\n" -" \n" -" An argument of â--â disables further option processing.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid." - -#: builtins.c:1161 -msgid "" -"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n" -" \n" -" Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be\n" -" changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE\n" -" before marking as read-only.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\trefer to indexed array variables\n" -" -A\trefer to associative array variables\n" -" -f\trefer to shell functions\n" -" -p\tdisplay a list of all readonly variables and functions\n" -" \n" -" An argument of `--' disables further option processing.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid." -msgstr "" -"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n" -" \n" -" Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be\n" -" changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE\n" -" before marking as read-only.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\trefer to indexed array variables\n" -" -A\trefer to associative array variables\n" -" -f\trefer to shell functions\n" -" -p\tdisplay a list of all readonly variables and functions\n" -" \n" -" An argument of â--â disables further option processing.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid." - -#: builtins.c:1182 -msgid "" -"Shift positional parameters.\n" -" \n" -" Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is\n" -" not given, it is assumed to be 1.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#." -msgstr "" -"Shift positional parameters.\n" -" \n" -" Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is\n" -" not given, it is assumed to be 1.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#." - -#: builtins.c:1194 builtins.c:1209 -msgid "" -"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n" -" \n" -" Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The\n" -" entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.\n" -" If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters\n" -" when FILENAME is executed.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n" -" FILENAME cannot be read." -msgstr "" -"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n" -" \n" -" Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The\n" -" entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.\n" -" If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters\n" -" when FILENAME is executed.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n" -" FILENAME cannot be read." - -#: builtins.c:1225 -msgid "" -"Suspend shell execution.\n" -" \n" -" Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.\n" -" Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -f\tforce the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Suspend shell execution.\n" -" \n" -" Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.\n" -" Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -f\tforce the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:1241 -msgid "" -"Evaluate conditional expression.\n" -" \n" -" Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on\n" -" the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary\n" -" expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There\n" -" are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.\n" -" \n" -" The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments. Read the\n" -" bash manual page for the complete specification.\n" -" \n" -" File operators:\n" -" \n" -" -a FILE True if file exists.\n" -" -b FILE True if file is block special.\n" -" -c FILE True if file is character special.\n" -" -d FILE True if file is a directory.\n" -" -e FILE True if file exists.\n" -" -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file.\n" -" -g FILE True if file is set-group-id.\n" -" -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link.\n" -" -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link.\n" -" -k FILE True if file has its `sticky' bit set.\n" -" -p FILE True if file is a named pipe.\n" -" -r FILE True if file is readable by you.\n" -" -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty.\n" -" -S FILE True if file is a socket.\n" -" -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal.\n" -" -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id.\n" -" -w FILE True if the file is writable by you.\n" -" -x FILE True if the file is executable by you.\n" -" -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you.\n" -" -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group.\n" -" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last " -"read.\n" -" \n" -" FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to\n" -" modification date).\n" -" \n" -" FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2.\n" -" \n" -" FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2.\n" -" \n" -" String operators:\n" -" \n" -" -z STRING True if string is empty.\n" -" \n" -" -n STRING\n" -" STRING True if string is not empty.\n" -" \n" -" STRING1 = STRING2\n" -" True if the strings are equal.\n" -" STRING1 != STRING2\n" -" True if the strings are not equal.\n" -" STRING1 < STRING2\n" -" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 " -"lexicographically.\n" -" STRING1 > STRING2\n" -" True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.\n" -" \n" -" Other operators:\n" -" \n" -" -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled.\n" -" -v VAR\t True if the shell variable VAR is set\n" -" ! EXPR True if expr is false.\n" -" EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true.\n" -" EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true.\n" -" \n" -" arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne,\n" -" -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.\n" -" \n" -" Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,\n" -" less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal\n" -" than ARG2.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to\n" -" false or an invalid argument is given." -msgstr "" -"Evaluate conditional expression.\n" -" \n" -" Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on\n" -" the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary\n" -" expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There\n" -" are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.\n" -" \n" -" The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments. Read the\n" -" bash manual page for the complete specification.\n" -" \n" -" File operators:\n" -" \n" -" -a FILE True if file exists.\n" -" -b FILE True if file is block special.\n" -" -c FILE True if file is character special.\n" -" -d FILE True if file is a directory.\n" -" -e FILE True if file exists.\n" -" -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file.\n" -" -g FILE True if file is set-group-id.\n" -" -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link.\n" -" -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link.\n" -" -k FILE True if file has its âstickyâ bit set.\n" -" -p FILE True if file is a named pipe.\n" -" -r FILE True if file is readable by you.\n" -" -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty.\n" -" -S FILE True if file is a socket.\n" -" -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal.\n" -" -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id.\n" -" -w FILE True if the file is writable by you.\n" -" -x FILE True if the file is executable by you.\n" -" -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you.\n" -" -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group.\n" -" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last " -"read.\n" -" \n" -" FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to\n" -" modification date).\n" -" \n" -" FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2.\n" -" \n" -" FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2.\n" -" \n" -" String operators:\n" -" \n" -" -z STRING True if string is empty.\n" -" \n" -" -n STRING\n" -" STRING True if string is not empty.\n" -" \n" -" STRING1 = STRING2\n" -" True if the strings are equal.\n" -" STRING1 != STRING2\n" -" True if the strings are not equal.\n" -" STRING1 < STRING2\n" -" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 " -"lexicographically.\n" -" STRING1 > STRING2\n" -" True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.\n" -" \n" -" Other operators:\n" -" \n" -" -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled.\n" -" -v VAR\t True if the shell variable VAR is set\n" -" ! EXPR True if expr is false.\n" -" EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true.\n" -" EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true.\n" -" \n" -" arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne,\n" -" -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.\n" -" \n" -" Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,\n" -" less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal\n" -" than ARG2.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to\n" -" false or an invalid argument is given." - -#: builtins.c:1321 -msgid "" -"Evaluate conditional expression.\n" -" \n" -" This is a synonym for the \"test\" builtin, but the last argument must\n" -" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['." -msgstr "" -"Evaluate conditional expression.\n" -" \n" -" This is a synonym for the âtestâ builtin, but the last argument must\n" -" be a literal â]â, to match the opening â[â." - -#: builtins.c:1330 -msgid "" -"Display process times.\n" -" \n" -" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of " -"its\n" -" child processes.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Always succeeds." -msgstr "" -"Display process times.\n" -" \n" -" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of " -"its\n" -" child processes.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Always succeeds." - -#: builtins.c:1342 -msgid "" -"Trap signals and other events.\n" -" \n" -" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives " -"signals\n" -" or other conditions.\n" -" \n" -" ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n" -" signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC\n" -" is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original\n" -" value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n" -" shell and by the commands it invokes.\n" -" \n" -" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. " -"If\n" -" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. " -"If\n" -" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or " -"a\n" -" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A " -"SIGNAL_SPEC\n" -" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause " -"the\n" -" shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.\n" -" \n" -" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands " -"associated\n" -" with each signal.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -l\tprint a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers\n" -" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC\n" -" \n" -" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal " -"number.\n" -" Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A\n" -" signal may be sent to the shell with \"kill -signal $$\".\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is " -"given." -msgstr "" -"Trap signals and other events.\n" -" \n" -" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives " -"signals\n" -" or other conditions.\n" -" \n" -" ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n" -" signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC\n" -" is supplied) or â-â, each specified signal is reset to its original\n" -" value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n" -" shell and by the commands it invokes.\n" -" \n" -" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. " -"If\n" -" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. " -"If\n" -" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or " -"a\n" -" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A " -"SIGNAL_SPEC\n" -" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause " -"the\n" -" shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.\n" -" \n" -" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands " -"associated\n" -" with each signal.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -l\tprint a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers\n" -" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC\n" -" \n" -" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal " -"number.\n" -" Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A\n" -" signal may be sent to the shell with âkill -signal $$â.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is " -"given." - -#: builtins.c:1378 -msgid "" -"Display information about command type.\n" -" \n" -" For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a\n" -" command name.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\tdisplay all locations containing an executable named NAME;\n" -" \tincludes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if\n" -" \tthe `-p' option is not also used\n" -" -f\tsuppress shell function lookup\n" -" -P\tforce a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias,\n" -" \tbuiltin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file\n" -" \tthat would be executed\n" -" -p\treturns either the name of the disk file that would be executed,\n" -" \tor nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file'.\n" -" -t\toutput a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword',\n" -" \t`function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias, shell\n" -" \treserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not\n" -" \tfound, respectively\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" NAME\tCommand name to be interpreted.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not " -"found." -msgstr "" -"Display information about command type.\n" -" \n" -" For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a\n" -" command name.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -a\tdisplay all locations containing an executable named NAME;\n" -" \tincludes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if\n" -" \tthe â-pâ option is not also used\n" -" -f\tsuppress shell function lookup\n" -" -P\tforce a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias,\n" -" \tbuiltin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file\n" -" \tthat would be executed\n" -" -p\treturns either the name of the disk file that would be executed,\n" -" \tor nothing if âtype -t NAMEâ would not return âfileâ.\n" -" -t\toutput a single word which is one of âaliasâ, âkeywordâ,\n" -" \tâfunctionâ, âbuiltinâ, âfileâ or ââ, if NAME is an alias, shell\n" -" \treserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not\n" -" \tfound, respectively\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" NAME\tCommand name to be interpreted.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not " -"found." - -#: builtins.c:1409 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Modify shell resource limits.\n" -" \n" -" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and " -"processes\n" -" it creates, on systems that allow such control.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -S\tuse the `soft' resource limit\n" -" -H\tuse the `hard' resource limit\n" -" -a\tall current limits are reported\n" -" -b\tthe socket buffer size\n" -" -c\tthe maximum size of core files created\n" -" -d\tthe maximum size of a process's data segment\n" -" -e\tthe maximum scheduling priority (`nice')\n" -" -f\tthe maximum size of files written by the shell and its children\n" -" -i\tthe maximum number of pending signals\n" -" -l\tthe maximum size a process may lock into memory\n" -" -m\tthe maximum resident set size\n" -" -n\tthe maximum number of open file descriptors\n" -" -p\tthe pipe buffer size\n" -" -q\tthe maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues\n" -" -r\tthe maximum real-time scheduling priority\n" -" -s\tthe maximum stack size\n" -" -t\tthe maximum amount of cpu time in seconds\n" -" -u\tthe maximum number of user processes\n" -" -v\tthe size of virtual memory\n" -" -x\tthe maximum number of file locks\n" -" -T the maximum number of threads\n" -" \n" -" Not all options are available on all platforms.\n" -" \n" -" If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the\n" -" special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the\n" -" current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively.\n" -" Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If\n" -" no option is given, then -f is assumed.\n" -" \n" -" Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds,\n" -" -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled\n" -" number of processes.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Modify shell resource limits.\n" -" \n" -" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and " -"processes\n" -" it creates, on systems that allow such control.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -S\tuse the âsoftâ resource limit\n" -" -H\tuse the âhardâ resource limit\n" -" -a\tall current limits are reported\n" -" -b\tthe socket buffer size\n" -" -c\tthe maximum size of core files created\n" -" -d\tthe maximum size of a process's data segment\n" -" -e\tthe maximum scheduling priority (âniceâ)\n" -" -f\tthe maximum size of files written by the shell and its children\n" -" -i\tthe maximum number of pending signals\n" -" -l\tthe maximum size a process may lock into memory\n" -" -m\tthe maximum resident set size\n" -" -n\tthe maximum number of open file descriptors\n" -" -p\tthe pipe buffer size\n" -" -q\tthe maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues\n" -" -r\tthe maximum real-time scheduling priority\n" -" -s\tthe maximum stack size\n" -" -t\tthe maximum amount of cpu time in seconds\n" -" -u\tthe maximum number of user processes\n" -" -v\tthe size of virtual memory\n" -" -x\tthe maximum number of file locks\n" -" \n" -" If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the\n" -" special LIMIT values âsoftâ, âhardâ, and âunlimitedâ stand for the\n" -" current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively.\n" -" Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If\n" -" no option is given, then -f is assumed.\n" -" \n" -" Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds,\n" -" -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled\n" -" number of processes.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:1457 -msgid "" -"Display or set file mode mask.\n" -" \n" -" Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints\n" -" the current value of the mask.\n" -" \n" -" If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;\n" -" otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1).\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tif MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input\n" -" -S\tmakes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given." -msgstr "" -"Display or set file mode mask.\n" -" \n" -" Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints\n" -" the current value of the mask.\n" -" \n" -" If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;\n" -" otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1).\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tif MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input\n" -" -S\tmakes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given." - -#: builtins.c:1477 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n" -" \n" -" Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or " -"a\n" -" job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not\n" -" given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return\n" -" status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all " -"processes\n" -" in that job's pipeline.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid\n" -" option is given." -msgstr "" -"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n" -" \n" -" Waits for the process identified by ID, which may be a process ID or a\n" -" job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not\n" -" given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return\n" -" status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all " -"processes\n" -" in the job's pipeline.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option " -"is\n" -" given." - -#: builtins.c:1495 -msgid "" -"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n" -" \n" -" Waits for the specified process and reports its termination status. If\n" -" PID is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for,\n" -" and the return code is zero. PID must be a process ID.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option " -"is\n" -" given." -msgstr "" -"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n" -" \n" -" Waits for the specified process and reports its termination status. If\n" -" PID is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for,\n" -" and the return code is zero. PID must be a process ID.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option " -"is\n" -" given." - -#: builtins.c:1510 -msgid "" -"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n" -" \n" -" The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a\n" -" list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in \"$@\"' is\n" -" assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and\n" -" the COMMANDS are executed.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n" -" \n" -" The âforâ loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a\n" -" list of items. If âin WORDS ...;â is not present, then âin â$@ââ is\n" -" assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and\n" -" the COMMANDS are executed.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:1524 -msgid "" -"Arithmetic for loop.\n" -" \n" -" Equivalent to\n" -" \t(( EXP1 ))\n" -" \twhile (( EXP2 )); do\n" -" \t\tCOMMANDS\n" -" \t\t(( EXP3 ))\n" -" \tdone\n" -" EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is\n" -" omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Arithmetic for loop.\n" -" \n" -" Equivalent to\n" -" \t(( EXP1 ))\n" -" \twhile (( EXP2 )); do\n" -" \t\tCOMMANDS\n" -" \t\t(( EXP3 ))\n" -" \tdone\n" -" EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is\n" -" omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:1542 -msgid "" -"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n" -" \n" -" The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The\n" -" set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each\n" -" preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in \"$@\"'\n" -" is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read\n" -" from the standard input. If the line consists of the number\n" -" corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set\n" -" to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are\n" -" redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other\n" -" value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved\n" -" in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection\n" -" until a break command is executed.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n" -" \n" -" The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The\n" -" set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each\n" -" preceded by a number. If âin WORDSâ is not present, âin â$@ââ\n" -" is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read\n" -" from the standard input. If the line consists of the number\n" -" corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set\n" -" to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are\n" -" redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other\n" -" value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved\n" -" in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection\n" -" until a break command is executed.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:1563 -msgid "" -"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n" -" \n" -" Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time,\n" -" and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tprint the timing summary in the portable Posix format\n" -" \n" -" The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE." -msgstr "" -"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n" -" \n" -" Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time,\n" -" and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tprint the timing summary in the portable Posix format\n" -" \n" -" The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE." - -#: builtins.c:1580 -msgid "" -"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n" -" \n" -" Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The\n" -" `|' is used to separate multiple patterns.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n" -" \n" -" Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The\n" -" â|â is used to separate multiple patterns.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:1592 -msgid "" -"Execute commands based on conditional.\n" -" \n" -" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then " -"the\n" -" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list " -"is\n" -" executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding\n" -" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. " -"Otherwise,\n" -" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of " -"the\n" -" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or " -"zero\n" -" if no condition tested true.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Execute commands based on conditional.\n" -" \n" -" The âif COMMANDSâ list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then " -"the\n" -" âthen COMMANDSâ list is executed. Otherwise, each âelif COMMANDSâ list " -"is\n" -" executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding\n" -" âthen COMMANDSâ list is executed and the if command completes. " -"Otherwise,\n" -" the âelse COMMANDSâ list is executed, if present. The exit status of " -"the\n" -" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or " -"zero\n" -" if no condition tested true.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:1609 -msgid "" -"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n" -" \n" -" Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the\n" -" `while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n" -" \n" -" Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the\n" -" âwhileâ COMMANDS has an exit status of zero.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:1621 -msgid "" -"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n" -" \n" -" Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the\n" -" `until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n" -" \n" -" Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the\n" -" âuntilâ COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:1633 -msgid "" -"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n" -" \n" -" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n" -" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n" -" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n" -" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the exit status of COMMAND." -msgstr "" -"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n" -" \n" -" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n" -" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n" -" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n" -" The default NAME is âCOPROCâ.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the exit status of COMMAND." - -#: builtins.c:1647 -msgid "" -"Define shell function.\n" -" \n" -" Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,\n" -" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is " -"invoked,\n" -" the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's\n" -" name is in $FUNCNAME.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless NAME is readonly." -msgstr "" -"Define shell function.\n" -" \n" -" Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,\n" -" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is " -"invoked,\n" -" the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's\n" -" name is in $FUNCNAME.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless NAME is readonly." - -#: builtins.c:1661 -msgid "" -"Group commands as a unit.\n" -" \n" -" Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an\n" -" entire set of commands.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." -msgstr "" -"Group commands as a unit.\n" -" \n" -" Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an\n" -" entire set of commands.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the last command executed." - -#: builtins.c:1673 -msgid "" -"Resume job in foreground.\n" -" \n" -" Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a\n" -" stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name\n" -" or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in\n" -" the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an\n" -" argument to `bg'.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the resumed job." -msgstr "" -"Resume job in foreground.\n" -" \n" -" Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the âfgâ command. Resume a\n" -" stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name\n" -" or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a â&â places the job in\n" -" the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an\n" -" argument to âbgâ.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns the status of the resumed job." - -#: builtins.c:1688 -msgid "" -"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n" -" \n" -" The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic\n" -" evaluation. Equivalent to \"let EXPRESSION\".\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise." -msgstr "" -"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n" -" \n" -" The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic\n" -" evaluation. Equivalent to âlet EXPRESSIONâ.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise." - -#: builtins.c:1700 -msgid "" -"Execute conditional command.\n" -" \n" -" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the " -"conditional\n" -" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries " -"used\n" -" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following " -"operators:\n" -" \n" -" ( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION\n" -" ! EXPRESSION\t\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false\n" -" EXPR1 && EXPR2\tTrue if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false\n" -" EXPR1 || EXPR2\tTrue if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false\n" -" \n" -" When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of\n" -" the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed.\n" -" When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator\n" -" is matched as a regular expression.\n" -" \n" -" The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to\n" -" determine the expression's value.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION." -msgstr "" -"Execute conditional command.\n" -" \n" -" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the " -"conditional\n" -" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries " -"used\n" -" by the âtestâ builtin, and may be combined using the following " -"operators:\n" -" \n" -" ( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION\n" -" ! EXPRESSION\t\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false\n" -" EXPR1 && EXPR2\tTrue if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false\n" -" EXPR1 || EXPR2\tTrue if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false\n" -" \n" -" When the â==â and â!=â operators are used, the string to the right of\n" -" the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed.\n" -" When the â=~â operator is used, the string to the right of the operator\n" -" is matched as a regular expression.\n" -" \n" -" The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to\n" -" determine the expression's value.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION." - -#: builtins.c:1726 -msgid "" -"Common shell variable names and usage.\n" -" \n" -" BASH_VERSION\tVersion information for this Bash.\n" -" CDPATH\tA colon-separated list of directories to search\n" -" \t\tfor directories given as arguments to `cd'.\n" -" GLOBIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to\n" -" \t\tbe ignored by pathname expansion.\n" -" HISTFILE\tThe name of the file where your command history is stored.\n" -" HISTFILESIZE\tThe maximum number of lines this file can contain.\n" -" HISTSIZE\tThe maximum number of history lines that a running\n" -" \t\tshell can access.\n" -" HOME\tThe complete pathname to your login directory.\n" -" HOSTNAME\tThe name of the current host.\n" -" HOSTTYPE\tThe type of CPU this version of Bash is running under.\n" -" IGNOREEOF\tControls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF\n" -" \t\tcharacter as the sole input. If set, then the value\n" -" \t\tof it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen\n" -" \t\tin a row on an empty line before the shell will exit\n" -" \t\t(default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input.\n" -" MACHTYPE\tA string describing the current system Bash is running on.\n" -" MAILCHECK\tHow often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail.\n" -" MAILPATH\tA colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks\n" -" \t\tfor new mail.\n" -" OSTYPE\tThe version of Unix this version of Bash is running on.\n" -" PATH\tA colon-separated list of directories to search when\n" -" \t\tlooking for commands.\n" -" PROMPT_COMMAND\tA command to be executed before the printing of each\n" -" \t\tprimary prompt.\n" -" PS1\t\tThe primary prompt string.\n" -" PS2\t\tThe secondary prompt string.\n" -" PWD\t\tThe full pathname of the current directory.\n" -" SHELLOPTS\tA colon-separated list of enabled shell options.\n" -" TERM\tThe name of the current terminal type.\n" -" TIMEFORMAT\tThe output format for timing statistics displayed by the\n" -" \t\t`time' reserved word.\n" -" auto_resume\tNon-null means a command word appearing on a line by\n" -" \t\titself is first looked for in the list of currently\n" -" \t\tstopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded.\n" -" \t\tA value of `exact' means that the command word must\n" -" \t\texactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A\n" -" \t\tvalue of `substring' means that the command word must\n" -" \t\tmatch a substring of the job. Any other value means that\n" -" \t\tthe command must be a prefix of a stopped job.\n" -" histchars\tCharacters controlling history expansion and quick\n" -" \t\tsubstitution. The first character is the history\n" -" \t\tsubstitution character, usually `!'. The second is\n" -" \t\tthe `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The\n" -" \t\tthird is the `history comment' character, usually `#'.\n" -" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n" -" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n" -msgstr "" -"Common shell variable names and usage.\n" -" \n" -" BASH_VERSION\tVersion information for this Bash.\n" -" CDPATH\tA colon-separated list of directories to search\n" -" \t\tfor directories given as arguments to âcdâ.\n" -" GLOBIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to\n" -" \t\tbe ignored by pathname expansion.\n" -" HISTFILE\tThe name of the file where your command history is stored.\n" -" HISTFILESIZE\tThe maximum number of lines this file can contain.\n" -" HISTSIZE\tThe maximum number of history lines that a running\n" -" \t\tshell can access.\n" -" HOME\tThe complete pathname to your login directory.\n" -" HOSTNAME\tThe name of the current host.\n" -" HOSTTYPE\tThe type of CPU this version of Bash is running under.\n" -" IGNOREEOF\tControls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF\n" -" \t\tcharacter as the sole input. If set, then the value\n" -" \t\tof it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen\n" -" \t\tin a row on an empty line before the shell will exit\n" -" \t\t(default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input.\n" -" MACHTYPE\tA string describing the current system Bash is running on.\n" -" MAILCHECK\tHow often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail.\n" -" MAILPATH\tA colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks\n" -" \t\tfor new mail.\n" -" OSTYPE\tThe version of Unix this version of Bash is running on.\n" -" PATH\tA colon-separated list of directories to search when\n" -" \t\tlooking for commands.\n" -" PROMPT_COMMAND\tA command to be executed before the printing of each\n" -" \t\tprimary prompt.\n" -" PS1\t\tThe primary prompt string.\n" -" PS2\t\tThe secondary prompt string.\n" -" PWD\t\tThe full pathname of the current directory.\n" -" SHELLOPTS\tA colon-separated list of enabled shell options.\n" -" TERM\tThe name of the current terminal type.\n" -" TIMEFORMAT\tThe output format for timing statistics displayed by the\n" -" \t\tâtimeâ reserved word.\n" -" auto_resume\tNon-null means a command word appearing on a line by\n" -" \t\titself is first looked for in the list of currently\n" -" \t\tstopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded.\n" -" \t\tA value of âexactâ means that the command word must\n" -" \t\texactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A\n" -" \t\tvalue of âsubstringâ means that the command word must\n" -" \t\tmatch a substring of the job. Any other value means that\n" -" \t\tthe command must be a prefix of a stopped job.\n" -" histchars\tCharacters controlling history expansion and quick\n" -" \t\tsubstitution. The first character is the history\n" -" \t\tsubstitution character, usually â!â. The second is\n" -" \t\tthe âquick substitutionâ character, usually â^â. The\n" -" \t\tthird is the âhistory commentâ character, usually â#â.\n" -" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n" -" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n" - -#: builtins.c:1783 -msgid "" -"Add directories to stack.\n" -" \n" -" Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n" -" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n" -" directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when adding\n" -" \tdirectories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n" -" \tfrom the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n" -" \tzero) is at the top.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n" -" \tfrom the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n" -" \tzero) is at the top.\n" -" \n" -" dir\tAdds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the\n" -" \tnew current working directory.\n" -" \n" -" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n" -" change fails." -msgstr "" -"Add directories to stack.\n" -" \n" -" Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n" -" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n" -" directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when adding\n" -" \tdirectories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n" -" \tfrom the left of the list shown by âdirsâ, starting with\n" -" \tzero) is at the top.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n" -" \tfrom the right of the list shown by âdirsâ, starting with\n" -" \tzero) is at the top.\n" -" \n" -" dir\tAdds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the\n" -" \tnew current working directory.\n" -" \n" -" The âdirsâ builtin displays the directory stack.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n" -" change fails." - -#: builtins.c:1817 -msgid "" -"Remove directories from stack.\n" -" \n" -" Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n" -" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when removing\n" -" \tdirectories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list\n" -" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'\n" -" \tremoves the first directory, `popd +1' the second.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list\n" -" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'\n" -" \tremoves the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.\n" -" \n" -" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n" -" change fails." -msgstr "" -"Remove directories from stack.\n" -" \n" -" Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n" -" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when removing\n" -" \tdirectories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list\n" -" \tshown by âdirsâ, starting with zero. For example: âpopd +0â\n" -" \tremoves the first directory, âpopd +1â the second.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list\n" -" \tshown by âdirsâ, starting with zero. For example: âpopd -0â\n" -" \tremoves the last directory, âpopd -1â the next to last.\n" -" \n" -" The âdirsâ builtin displays the directory stack.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n" -" change fails." - -#: builtins.c:1847 -msgid "" -"Display directory stack.\n" -" \n" -" Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n" -" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n" -" back up through the list with the `popd' command.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -c\tclear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements\n" -" -l\tdo not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative\n" -" \tto your home directory\n" -" -p\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line\n" -" -v\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed\n" -" \twith its position in the stack\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown " -"by\n" -" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown " -"by\n" -" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Display directory stack.\n" -" \n" -" Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n" -" find their way onto the list with the âpushdâ command; you can get\n" -" back up through the list with the âpopdâ command.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -c\tclear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements\n" -" -l\tdo not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative\n" -" \tto your home directory\n" -" -p\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line\n" -" -v\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed\n" -" \twith its position in the stack\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown " -"by\n" -" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n" -" \n" -" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown " -"by\n" -" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:1876 -msgid "" -"Set and unset shell options.\n" -" \n" -" Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option\n" -" arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not " -"each\n" -" is set.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -o\trestrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o'\n" -" -p\tprint each shell option with an indication of its status\n" -" -q\tsuppress output\n" -" -s\tenable (set) each OPTNAME\n" -" -u\tdisable (unset) each OPTNAME\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is\n" -" given or OPTNAME is disabled." -msgstr "" -"Set and unset shell options.\n" -" \n" -" Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option\n" -" arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not " -"each\n" -" is set.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -o\trestrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with âset -oâ\n" -" -p\tprint each shell option with an indication of its status\n" -" -q\tsuppress output\n" -" -s\tenable (set) each OPTNAME\n" -" -u\tdisable (unset) each OPTNAME\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is\n" -" given or OPTNAME is disabled." - -#: builtins.c:1897 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -v var\tassign the output to shell variable VAR rather than\n" -" \t\tdisplay it on the standard output\n" -" \n" -" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: " -"plain\n" -" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character " -"escape\n" -" sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and\n" -" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next " -"successive\n" -" argument.\n" -" \n" -" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf" -"(1),\n" -" printf interprets:\n" -" \n" -" %b\texpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument\n" -" %q\tquote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input\n" -" %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a " -"format\n" -" string for strftime(3)\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or " -"assignment\n" -" error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -v var\tassign the output to shell variable VAR rather than\n" -" \t\tdisplay it on the standard output\n" -" \n" -" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: " -"plain\n" -" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character " -"escape\n" -" sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and\n" -" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next " -"successive\n" -" argument.\n" -" \n" -" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf" -"(1)\n" -" and printf(3), printf interprets:\n" -" \n" -" %b\texpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument\n" -" %q\tquote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input\n" -" %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a " -"format\n" -" string for strftime(3)\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or " -"assignment\n" -" error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:1926 -msgid "" -"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n" -" \n" -" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no " -"options\n" -" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way " -"that\n" -" allows them to be reused as input.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tprint existing completion specifications in a reusable format\n" -" -r\tremove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no\n" -" \tNAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications\n" -" -D\tapply the completions and actions as the default for commands\n" -" \twithout any specific completion defined\n" -" -E\tapply the completions and actions to \"empty\" commands --\n" -" \tcompletion attempted on a blank line\n" -" \n" -" When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the\n" -" uppercase-letter options are listed above. The -D option takes\n" -" precedence over -E.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n" -" \n" -" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no " -"options\n" -" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way " -"that\n" -" allows them to be reused as input.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -p\tprint existing completion specifications in a reusable format\n" -" -r\tremove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no\n" -" \tNAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications\n" -" -D\tapply the completions and actions as the default for commands\n" -" \twithout any specific completion defined\n" -" -E\tapply the completions and actions to âemptyâ commands --\n" -" \tcompletion attempted on a blank line\n" -" \n" -" When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the\n" -" uppercase-letter options are listed above. The -D option takes\n" -" precedence over -E.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:1954 -msgid "" -"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n" -" \n" -" Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible\n" -" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches " -"against\n" -" WORD are generated.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." -msgstr "" -"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n" -" \n" -" Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible\n" -" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches " -"against\n" -" WORD are generated.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs." - -#: builtins.c:1969 -msgid "" -"Modify or display completion options.\n" -" \n" -" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are " -"supplied,\n" -" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, " -"print\n" -" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion " -"specification.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" \t-o option\tSet completion option OPTION for each NAME\n" -" \t-D\t\tChange options for the \"default\" command completion\n" -" \t-E\t\tChange options for the \"empty\" command completion\n" -" \n" -" Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" \n" -" Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must\n" -" have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin. If no NAMEs\n" -" are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating\n" -" completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion\n" -" generator are modified.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not\n" -" have a completion specification defined." -msgstr "" -"Modify or display completion options.\n" -" \n" -" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are " -"supplied,\n" -" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, " -"print\n" -" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion " -"specification.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" \t-o option\tSet completion option OPTION for each NAME\n" -" \t-D\t\tChange options for the âdefaultâ command completion\n" -" \t-E\t\tChange options for the âemptyâ command completion\n" -" \n" -" Using â+oâ instead of â-oâ turns off the specified option.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" \n" -" Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must\n" -" have previously been defined using the âcompleteâ builtin. If no NAMEs\n" -" are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating\n" -" completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion\n" -" generator are modified.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not\n" -" have a completion specification defined." - -#: builtins.c:1999 -msgid "" -"Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.\n" -" \n" -" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable " -"ARRAY, or\n" -" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable " -"MAPFILE\n" -" is the default ARRAY.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are " -"copied.\n" -" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default " -"index is 0.\n" -" -s count \tDiscard the first COUNT lines read.\n" -" -t\t\tRemove a trailing newline from each line read.\n" -" -u fd\t\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard " -"input.\n" -" -C callback\tEvaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read.\n" -" -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to " -"CALLBACK.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n" -" \n" -" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n" -" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n" -" element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element\n" -" as additional arguments.\n" -" \n" -" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY " -"before\n" -" assigning to it.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly " -"or\n" -" not an indexed array." -msgstr "" -"Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.\n" -" \n" -" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable " -"ARRAY, or\n" -" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable " -"MAPFILE\n" -" is the default ARRAY.\n" -" \n" -" Options:\n" -" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are " -"copied.\n" -" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default " -"index is 0.\n" -" -s count \tDiscard the first COUNT lines read.\n" -" -t\t\tRemove a trailing newline from each line read.\n" -" -u fd\t\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard " -"input.\n" -" -C callback\tEvaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read.\n" -" -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to " -"CALLBACK.\n" -" \n" -" Arguments:\n" -" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n" -" \n" -" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n" -" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n" -" element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element\n" -" as additional arguments.\n" -" \n" -" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY " -"before\n" -" assigning to it.\n" -" \n" -" Exit Status:\n" -" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly " -"or\n" -" not an indexed array." - -#: builtins.c:2033 -msgid "" -"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n" -" \n" -" A synonym for `mapfile'." -msgstr "" -"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n" -" \n" -" A synonym for âmapfileâ." diff --git a/po/t-en@quot.gmo b/po/t-en@quot.gmo deleted file mode 100644 index d6de28ae3..000000000 Binary files a/po/t-en@quot.gmo and /dev/null differ diff --git a/support/mk-takehome b/support/mk-takehome deleted file mode 100755 index 419572df4..000000000 --- a/support/mk-takehome +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -#! /bin/bash - -DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d) - -PARENT=/fs2/chet/bash -FROOT=bash-$DATE -DIR=$PARENT/$FROOT -TARF=${FROOT}.tar -SRC=/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src - -fflag= sflag= dflag= -while getopts "dfsp:" opt -do - case $opt in - d) dflag=1 ;; - f) fflag=1 ;; - p) PARENT=$OPTARG - if [ ! -d "$PARENT" ]; then - echo "mk-takehome: $PARENT: directory does not exist" 2>&1 - exit 2 - fi ;; - s) sflag=1 ;; - *) echo "mk-takehome: usage: mk-takehome [-dfs]" 2>&1 - exit 2;; - esac -done - -shift $(($OPTIND - 1)) - -if [ -n "$fflag" ]; then - rm -rf "$DIR" -fi - -mkdir $DIR || exit 1 - -cd $DIR || exit 1 - -cd $SRC || exit 1 - -tar cf - . | (cd $DIR ; tar xvpf - ) - -cd $DIR || exit 1 - -find . -type f -name '*~' -print | xargs rm -f - -find . -type d -name 'savedir' -print | xargs rm -rf - -rm parser-built y.tab.c y.tab.h -# bison -y -d parse.y # make sure y.tab.h present for dependencies - -rm -f d d? ddd ddd? # convention for temp diff files - -cd $PARENT || exit 1 - -tar cvf ${TARF} $FROOT - -gzip -v ${TARF} - -REMHOST=z4 - -if [ -n "$sflag" ]; then - scp ${TARF}.gz ${REMHOST}: -fi - -if [ -n "$dflag" ]; then - if [ ! -d $HOME/Dropbox ]; then - HOME=~chet - fi - cp ${TARF}.gz $HOME/Dropbox/ -fi diff --git a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST.gprof b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST.gprof deleted file mode 100755 index b29a64fd4..000000000 --- a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST.gprof +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20041216-gprof -THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash -PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR - -export THIS_SH PATH - -rm -f /tmp/xx - -/bin/sh "$@" diff --git a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST.ksh b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST.ksh deleted file mode 100644 index 82461f470..000000000 --- a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST.ksh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current -THIS_SH=ksh93 -PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR - -export THIS_SH PATH - -rm -f /tmp/xx - -/bin/sh "$@" diff --git a/tests/braces-tests b/tests/braces-tests deleted file mode 100644 index d31a5e3d9..000000000 --- a/tests/braces-tests +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -echo ff{c,b,a} -echo f{d,e,f}g -echo {l,n,m}xyz -echo {abc\,def} -echo {abc} - -echo \{a,b,c,d,e} -echo {x,y,\{a,b,c}} -echo {x\,y,\{abc\},trie} - -echo /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex,how_ex}} - -echo XXXX\{`echo a b c | tr ' ' ','`\} -eval echo XXXX\{`echo a b c | tr ' ' ','`\} - -echo {} -echo { } -echo } -echo { -echo abcd{efgh - -echo foo {1,2} bar -echo `zecho foo {1,2} bar` -echo $(zecho foo {1,2} bar) diff --git a/tests/cond-regexp.sub b/tests/cond-regexp.sub deleted file mode 100644 index 47e46f0af..000000000 --- a/tests/cond-regexp.sub +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -VAR='[[:alpha:]]' - -[[ $VAR =~ '[[:alpha:]]' ]] && echo match 1 - -[[ a =~ '[[:alpha:]]' ]] || echo match 2 - -[[ a =~ [[:alpha:]] ]] && echo match 3 - -[[ a =~ $VAR ]] && echo match 4 - -[[ a =~ "$VAR" ]] || echo match 5 - -line=aab -[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]] && echo match 6 - -V="alphabet" -[[ $V == alphabet ]] && echo yes 1 -[[ $V == "alphabet" ]] && echo yes 2 -[[ $V == 'alphabet' ]] && echo yes 3 -[[ $V =~ alphabet ]] && echo yes 4 -[[ $V =~ "alphabet" ]] && echo yes 5 -[[ $V =~ 'alphabet' ]] && echo yes 6 - -DOG="Dog name - 01 - Wiggles" -REPAT='([[:alpha:][:blank:]]*)- ([[:digit:]]*) - (.*)$' -if [[ $DOG =~ ([[:alpha:][:blank:]]*)-\ ([[:digit:]]*)\ -\ (.*)$ ]] -then - echo Dog ${BASH_REMATCH[2]} is ${BASH_REMATCH[3]} -fi -if [[ $DOG =~ $REPAT ]] -then - echo Dog ${BASH_REMATCH[2]} is ${BASH_REMATCH[3]} -fi - -[[ $REPAT =~ "$REPAT" ]] && echo rematch 1 - -v="one two buckle my shoe" -[[ ${v} =~ "one two" ]] && echo matches 7 - -[[ ${v} =~ (one two) ]] && echo matches 8 - -[[ ${v} =~ one\ two ]] && echo matches 9 - -# problems in pre-patched bash-4.2 -[[ "helloworld" =~ llo ]] && echo match control-a 1 -[[ "helloworld" =~ world ]] && echo match control-a 2 -[[ "helloworld" =~ world$ ]] && echo match control-a 3 -[[ "helloworld" =~ ]] && echo match control-a 4 -[[ "helloworld" =~ oworld$ ]] && echo match control-a 5 diff --git a/tests/cprint1.sub b/tests/cprint1.sub deleted file mode 100644 index 42730450d..000000000 --- a/tests/cprint1.sub +++ /dev/null @@ -1,48 +0,0 @@ -a() -{ - cat <<-'+' | tr "\t" " " | tr -s " " - cat - | utkSort - itkSchemaToColumnType - atkCacheToColumnType \"$npName\" | atkActiveTableLineSelect -| utkSort - atkCacheToColumnType \"$npName\" | -atkTransactionTableLineSelect | utkSort - itkDirToColumnType \"$dirName\" | atkActiveTableLineSelect | -utkSort - itkDirToColumnType \"$dirName\" | atkActiveTableLineSelect | -utkSort - + -} - -type a - -b() -{ - cat /etc/passwd | cat - <<-'+' | tr -s " " - more - passwords - from - the - file - + -} - -type b - -c() -{ - cat /etc/passwd | tr -s " " | cat - <<-'+' | cat - <<-'foo' - more - passwords - from - the - file - + -last -bunch -of -words -foo -} - -type c diff --git a/tests/infile b/tests/infile deleted file mode 100644 index 94ebaf900..000000000 --- a/tests/infile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -1 -2 -3 -4 diff --git a/tests/set-e-test b/tests/set-e-test deleted file mode 100644 index 1fdf360d9..000000000 --- a/tests/set-e-test +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -if : ; then - set -e - N=95 - while :; do - # expr returns 1 if expression is null or 0 - set +e - N_MOD_100=`expr $N % 100` - set -e - echo $N_MOD_100 - N=`expr $N + 1` - if [ $N -eq 110 ]; then - break - fi - done - set +e -fi - -( -set -e -false -echo bad -) -echo $? - -x=$( -set -e -false -echo bad -) -echo $? $x - -# command subst should not inherit -e -set -e -echo $(false; echo ok) - -if set +e -then - false -fi -echo hi - -set -e - -# a failing command in the compound list following a while, until, or -# if should not cause the shell to exit - -while false; do - echo hi -done -echo while succeeded - -x=1 -until (( x == 4 )); do - x=4 -done -echo until succeeded: $x - -if false; then - echo oops -fi -echo if succeeded - -# failing commands that are part of an AND or OR list should not -# cause the shell to exit -false && echo AND list failed -echo AND list succeeded - -false || echo OR list succeeded - -! false -echo ! succeeded - -# make sure eval preserves the state of the -e flag and `!' reserved word -set -e -if eval false; then - echo oops -fi -echo eval succeeded - -! eval false -echo ! eval succeeded -- 1 - -! eval '(exit 5)' -echo ! eval succeeded -- 2 - -set -e -until builtin false; do echo a; break; done -echo $? - -until eval false; do echo b; break; done -echo $? - -: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp} -FN=$TMPDIR/set-e-$$ -cat > $FN << EOF -false -echo after 1 -false -EOF - -set -e -until . $FN; do echo a; break; done -echo $? - -rm -f $FN diff --git a/tests/tilde-tests b/tests/tilde-tests deleted file mode 100644 index f5f530902..000000000 --- a/tests/tilde-tests +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -# this is needed because posix mode restricts tilde expansion to assignment -# statements preceding a command, instead of the default of expanding all -# assignment statements on the line (e.g., after `export'). Without this, -# the next-to-last test fails -set +o posix - -HOME=/usr/xyz -SHELL=~/bash -echo ~ch\et -echo ~/"foo" -echo "~chet"/"foo" -echo \~chet/"foo" -echo \~chet/bar -echo ~\chet/bar -echo ~chet""/bar -echo ":~chet/" -echo abcd~chet -echo "SHELL=~/bash" -echo $SHELL -echo abcd:~chet -path=/usr/ucb:/bin:~/bin:~/tmp/bin:/usr/bin -echo $path - -cd /usr -cd /tmp -echo ~- -echo ~+ - -XPATH=/bin:/usr/bin:. - -# yes tilde expansion -PPATH=$XPATH:~/bin -echo "$PPATH" - -# no tilde expansion -PPATH="$XPATH:~/bin" -echo "$PPATH" - -# yes tilde expansion -export PPATH=$XPATH:~/bin -echo "$PPATH" -declare -x PPATH=$XPATH:~/bin -echo "$PPATH" - -# no tilde expansion -export PPATH="$XPATH:~/bin" -echo "$PPATH" -declare -x PPATH="$XPATH:~/bin" -echo "$PPATH" - -# more tests of tilde expansion when executing case commands -case ~ in -$HOME) echo ok 1;; -*) echo bad 1 ;; -esac - -case ~ in -~) echo ok 2 ;; -\~) echo bad 2a ;; -*) echo bad 2b ;; -esac - -case $unset in -"") echo ok 3 ;; -*) echo bad 3 ;; -esac

Bash Reference Manual

Table of Contents

Bash Features

1 Introduction

1.1 What is Bash?

1.2 What is a shell?

2 Definitions

3 Basic Shell Features

3.1 Shell Syntax

3.1.1 Shell Operation

3.1.2 Quoting

3.1.2.1 Escape Character

3.1.2.2 Single Quotes

3.1.2.3 Double Quotes

3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting

3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation

3.1.3 Comments

3.2 Shell Commands

3.2.1 Simple Commands

3.2.2 Pipelines

3.2.3 Lists of Commands

3.2.4 Compound Commands

3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs

3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs

3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands

3.3 Shell Functions

3.4 Shell Parameters

3.4.1 Positional Parameters

3.4.2 Special Parameters

3.5 Shell Expansions

3.5.1 Brace Expansion

3.5.2 Tilde Expansion

3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion

3.5.4 Command Substitution

3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion

3.5.6 Process Substitution

3.5.7 Word Splitting

3.5.8 Filename Expansion

3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching

3.5.9 Quote Removal

3.6 Redirections

3.6.1 Redirecting Input

3.6.2 Redirecting Output

3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output

3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error

3.6.5 Here Documents

3.6.6 Here Strings

3.6.7 Duplicating File Descriptors

3.6.8 Moving File Descriptors

3.6.9 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing

3.7 Executing Commands

3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion

3.7.2 Command Search and Execution

3.7.3 Command Execution Environment

3.7.4 Environment

3.7.5 Exit Status

3.7.6 Signals

3.8 Shell Scripts

4 Shell Builtin Commands

4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins

4.2 Bash Builtin Commands

4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior

4.3.1 The Set Builtin

4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin

4.4 Special Builtins

5 Shell Variables

5.1 Bourne Shell Variables

5.2 Bash Variables

6 Bash Features

6.1 Invoking Bash

6.2 Bash Startup Files

Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with --login

Invoked as an interactive non-login shell

Invoked non-interactively

Invoked with name sh

Invoked in posix mode

Invoked by remote shell daemon

Invoked with unequal effective and real uid/gids

6.3 Interactive Shells

6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?

Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with `--login`

Invoked with name `sh`