From: Mario Blättermann Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2021 20:13:57 +0000 (+0100) Subject: Asciidoc: Remove already imported disk-utils *roff man pages X-Git-Tag: v2.37-rc1~34^2~47 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=47a2685b44006774ffda93dd889a3ab7f4fa9937;p=thirdparty%2Futil-linux.git Asciidoc: Remove already imported disk-utils *roff man pages --- diff --git a/disk-utils/addpart.8 b/disk-utils/addpart.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 97d11ad9ec..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/addpart.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -.\" addpart.8 -- man page for addpart -.\" Copyright 2007 Karel Zak -.\" Copyright 2007 Red Hat, Inc. -.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License -.TH ADDPART 8 "January 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -addpart \- tell the kernel about the existence of a partition -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B addpart -.I device partition start length -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B addpart -tells the Linux kernel about the existence of the specified partition. -The command is a simple wrapper around the "add partition" ioctl. - -This command doesn't manipulate partitions on a block device. - -.SH PARAMETERS -.TP -.I device -The disk device. -.TP -.I partition -The partition number. -.TP -.I start -The beginning of the partition (in 512-byte sectors). -.TP -.I length -The length of the partition (in 512-byte sectors). - -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR delpart (8), -.BR fdisk (8), -.BR parted (8), -.BR partprobe (8), -.BR partx (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The addpart command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/blockdev.8 b/disk-utils/blockdev.8 deleted file mode 100644 index c16fc49bce..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/blockdev.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1998 Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) -.\" Copyright 2007 Karel Zak -.\" -.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License -.TH BLOCKDEV 8 "August 2010" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -blockdev \- call block device ioctls from the command line -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B blockdev -.RB [ \-q ] -.RB [ \-v ] -.I command -.RI [ command \&...\&] -.I device -.RI [ device \&...\&] -.br -.B blockdev -.B \-\-report -.RI [ device \&...\&] -.br -.B blockdev -.BR \-h | \-V -.SH DESCRIPTION -The utility -.B blockdev -allows one to call block device ioctls from the command line. -.SH OPTIONS -.IP "\fB\-q\fP" -Be quiet. -.IP "\fB\-v\fP" -Be verbose. -.IP "\fB\-\-report\fP" -Print a report for the specified device. It is possible to give multiple -devices. If none is given, all devices which appear in -.I /proc/partitions -are -shown. Note that the partition StartSec is in 512-byte sectors. -.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR" -Display help text and exit. -.IP "\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR" -Print version and exit. -.SH COMMANDS -It is possible to give multiple devices and multiple commands. -.IP "\fB\-\-flushbufs\fP" -Flush buffers. -.IP "\fB\-\-getalignoff\fP" -Get alignment offset. -.IP "\fB\-\-getbsz\fP" -Print the blocksize in bytes. -This size does not describe device topology. It's -the size used internally by the kernel and it may be modified (for example) by -filesystem driver on mount. -.IP "\fB\-\-getdiscardzeroes\fP" -Get discard zeroes support status. -.IP "\fB\-\-getfra\fP" -Get filesystem readahead in 512-byte sectors. -.IP "\fB\-\-getiomin\fP" -Get minimum I/O size. -.IP "\fB\-\-getioopt\fP" -Get optimal I/O size. -.IP "\fB\-\-getmaxsect\fP" -Get max sectors per request -.IP "\fB\-\-getpbsz\fP" -Get physical block (sector) size. -.IP "\fB\-\-getra\fP" -Print readahead (in 512-byte sectors). -.IP "\fB\-\-getro\fP" -Get read-only. Print 1 if the device is read-only, 0 otherwise. -.IP "\fB\-\-getsize64\fP" -Print device size in bytes. -.IP "\fB\-\-getsize\fP" -Print device size (32-bit!) in sectors. Deprecated in favor of the -.B \-\-getsz -option. -.IP "\fB\-\-getss\fP" -Print logical sector size in bytes \(en usually 512. -.IP "\fB\-\-getsz\fP" -Get size in 512-byte sectors. -.IP "\fB\-\-rereadpt\fP" -Reread partition table -.IP "\fB\-\-setbsz\fP \fIbytes\fP" -Set blocksize. Note that the block size is specific to the current file -descriptor opening the block device, so the change of block size only persists -for as long as -.B blockdev -has the device open, and is lost once -.B blockdev -exits. -.IP "\fB\-\-setfra\fP \fIsectors\fP" -Set filesystem readahead (same as -.B \-\-setra -on 2.6 kernels). -.IP "\fB\-\-setra\fP \fIsectors\fP" -Set readahead (in 512-byte sectors). -.IP "\fB\-\-setro\fP" -Set read-only. The currently active access to the device may not be affected by the change. For example, -a filesystem already mounted in read-write mode will not be affected. -The change applies after remount. -.IP "\fB\-\-setrw\fP" -Set read-write. -.SH AUTHORS -blockdev was written by Andries E.\& Brouwer and rewritten by Karel Zak. -.SH AVAILABILITY -The blockdev command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/cfdisk.8 b/disk-utils/cfdisk.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 042456e573..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/cfdisk.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,230 +0,0 @@ -.\" cfdisk.8 -- man page for cfdisk -.\" Copyright 1994 Kevin E. Martin (martin@cs.unc.edu) -.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Karel Zak -.\" -.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this -.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are -.\" preserved on all copies. -.\" -.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this -.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the -.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a -.\" permission notice identical to this one. -.\" -.TH CFDISK 8 "March 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -cfdisk \- display or manipulate a disk partition table -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B cfdisk -[options] -.RI [ device ] -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B cfdisk -is a curses-based program for partitioning any block device. -The default device is -.IR /dev/sda . - -Note that -.B cfdisk -provides basic partitioning functionality with a user-friendly interface. -If you need advanced features, use -.BR fdisk (8) -instead. - -All disk label changes will remain in memory only, and the disk will be -unmodified until you decide to write your changes. Be careful before using the -write command. - -Since version 2.25 -.B cfdisk -supports MBR (DOS), GPT, SUN and SGI disk labels, but no longer provides any -functionality for CHS (Cylinder-Head-Sector) addressing. CHS has -never been important for Linux, and this addressing concept does not make any -sense for new devices. - -Since version 2.25 -.B cfdisk -also does not provide a 'print' command any more. -This functionality is provided by the utilities -.BR partx (8) -and -.BR lsblk (8) -in a very comfortable and rich way. - -If you want to remove an old partition table from a device, use -.BR wipefs (8). - -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BR \-h , " \-\-help" -Display help text and exit. -.TP -.BR \-L , " \-\-color" [ = \fIwhen\fR] -Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP -can be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. If the \fIwhen\fR argument is omitted, -it defaults to \fBauto\fR. The colors can be disabled, for the current built-in default -see \fB\-\-help\fR output. See also the COLORS section. -.TP -\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR] -Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument -\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR -argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites -environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any -lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other -tools. -.TP -.BR \-r , " \-\-read-only" -Forced open in read-only mode. -.TP -.BR \-V , " \-\-version" -Display version information and exit. -.TP -.BR \-z , " \-\-zero" -Start with an in-memory zeroed partition table. This option does not zero the -partition table on the disk; rather, it simply starts the program without -reading the existing partition table. This option allows you to create a new -partition table from scratch or from an sfdisk-compatible script. - -.SH COMMANDS -The commands for -.B cfdisk -can be entered by pressing the corresponding key (pressing -.I Enter -after the command is not necessary). Here is a list of the available -commands: -.TP -.B b -Toggle the bootable flag of the current partition. This allows you to -select which primary partition is bootable on the drive. This command may not -be available for all partition label types. -.TP -.B d -Delete the current partition. This will convert the current partition -into free space and merge it with any free space immediately -surrounding the current partition. A partition already marked as free -space or marked as unusable cannot be deleted. -.TP -.B h -Show the help screen. -.TP -.B n -Create a new partition from free space. -.B cfdisk -then prompts you for the size of the partition you want to create. -The default size is equal to the entire available free space at the current -position. - -The size may be followed by a multiplicative suffix: KiB (=1024), -MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB -(the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB"). -.TP -.B q -Quit the program. This will exit the program without writing any data to -the disk. -.TP -.B r -Reduce or enlarge the current partition. -.B cfdisk -then prompts you for the new size of the partition. -The default size is the current size. -A partition marked as free space or marked as unusable cannot be resized. - -.B Note that reducing the size of a partition might destroy data on that partition. -.TP -.B s -Sort the partitions in ascending start-sector order. When deleting and -adding partitions, it is likely that the numbering of the partitions will -no longer match their order on the disk. This command restores that match. -.TP -.B t -Change the partition type. By default, new partitions are created as -.I Linux -partitions. -.TP -.B u -Dump the current in-memory partition table to an sfdisk-compatible script file. -.sp -The script files are compatible between \fBcfdisk\fR, \fBfdisk\fR, \fBsfdisk\fR -and other libfdisk applications. For more details see -.BR sfdisk (8). -.sp -It is also possible to load an sfdisk-script into \fBcfdisk\fR if there is -no partition table on the device or when you start \fBcfdisk\fR with the -\fB--zero\fR command-line option. -.TP -.B W -Write the partition table to disk (you must enter an uppercase W). Since -this might destroy data on the disk, you must either confirm or deny -the write by entering `yes' or `no'. If you enter `yes', -.B cfdisk -will write the partition table to disk and then tell the kernel to re-read the -partition table from the disk. - -The re-reading of the partition table does not always work. In such a -case you need to inform the kernel about any new partitions by using -.BR partprobe (8) -or -.BR partx (8), -or by rebooting the system. -.TP -.B x -Toggle extra information about a partition. -.TP -.IR "Up Arrow" , " Down Arrow" -Move the cursor to the previous or next partition. If there are more -partitions than can be displayed on a screen, you can display the next -(previous) set of partitions by moving down (up) at the last (first) -partition displayed on the screen. -.TP -.IR "Left Arrow" , " Right Arrow" -Select the preceding or the next menu item. Hitting \fIEnter\fR will -execute the currently selected item. - -.PP -All commands can be entered with either uppercase or lowercase -letters (except for -.BR W rite). -When in a submenu or at a prompt, you can hit the -.I Esc -key to return to the main menu. - -.SH COLORS -Implicit coloring can be disabled by creating the empty file -.IR /etc/terminal-colors.d/cfdisk.disable . - -See -.BR terminal-colors.d (5) -for more details about colorization configuration. - -.B cfdisk -does not support color customization with a color-scheme file. - -.SH ENVIRONMENT -.IP CFDISK_DEBUG=all -enables cfdisk debug output. -.IP LIBFDISK_DEBUG=all -enables libfdisk debug output. -.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all -enables libblkid debug output. -.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all -enables libsmartcols debug output. -.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on -use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG. -.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE= -use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details. - -.SH AUTHORS -Karel Zak -.PP -The current cfdisk implementation is based on the original cfdisk -from Kevin E. Martin (martin@cs.unc.edu). - -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR fdisk (8), -.BR parted (8), -.BR partprobe (8), -.BR partx (8), -.BR sfdisk (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The cfdisk command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/delpart.8 b/disk-utils/delpart.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 7384e25b71..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/delpart.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -.\" delpart.8 -- man page for delpart -.\" Copyright 2007 Karel Zak -.\" Copyright 2007 Red Hat, Inc. -.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License -.TH DELPART 8 "January 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -delpart \- tell the kernel to forget about a partition -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B delpart -.I device partition -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B delpart -asks the Linux kernel to forget about the specified \fIpartition\fR -(a number) on the specified \fIdevice\fR. -The command is a simple wrapper around the "del partition" ioctl. - -This command doesn't manipulate partitions on a block device. - -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR addpart (8), -.BR fdisk (8), -.BR parted (8), -.BR partprobe (8), -.BR partx (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The delpart command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/fdformat.8 b/disk-utils/fdformat.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 8453a5a279..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/fdformat.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1992, 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) -.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License -.TH FDFORMAT 8 "June 2020" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -fdformat \- low-level format a floppy disk -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B fdformat -.RI [options] " device" -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B fdformat -does a low-level format on a floppy disk. -.I device -is usually one of the following (for floppy devices the major = 2, and the -minor is shown for informational purposes only): -.sp -.nf -.RS -/dev/fd0d360 (minor = 4) -/dev/fd0h1200 (minor = 8) -/dev/fd0D360 (minor = 12) -/dev/fd0H360 (minor = 12) -/dev/fd0D720 (minor = 16) -/dev/fd0H720 (minor = 16) -/dev/fd0h360 (minor = 20) -/dev/fd0h720 (minor = 24) -/dev/fd0H1440 (minor = 28) -.PP -/dev/fd1d360 (minor = 5) -/dev/fd1h1200 (minor = 9) -/dev/fd1D360 (minor = 13) -/dev/fd1H360 (minor = 13) -/dev/fd1D720 (minor = 17) -/dev/fd1H720 (minor = 17) -/dev/fd1h360 (minor = 21) -/dev/fd1h720 (minor = 25) -/dev/fd1H1440 (minor = 29) -.RE -.fi -.PP -The generic floppy devices, /dev/fd0 and /dev/fd1, will fail to work with -.B fdformat -when a non-standard format is being used, or if the format has not been -autodetected earlier. In this case, use -.BR setfdprm (8) -to load the disk parameters. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-from\fR \fIN\fR -Start at the track \fIN\fR (default is 0). -.TP -\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-to\fR \fIN\fR -Stop at the track \fIN\fR. -.TP -\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repair\fR \fIN\fR -Try to repair tracks failed during the verification (max \fIN\fR retries). -.TP -\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-no\-verify\fR -Skip the verification that is normally performed after the formatting. -.TP -\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR -Display version information and exit. -.TP -\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR -Display help text and exit. -.SH NOTES -This utility does not handle USB floppy disk drives. Use -.BR ufiformat (8) -instead. -.SH AUTHORS -Werner Almesberger (almesber@nessie.cs.id.ethz.ch) -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR fd (4), -.BR emkfs (8), -.BR mkfs (8), -.BR setfdprm (8), -.BR ufiformat (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The fdformat command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/fdisk.8 b/disk-utils/fdisk.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 9d1ed579ba..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/fdisk.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,395 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1992, 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) -.\" Copyright 1998 Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) -.\" Copyright 2012 Davidlohr Bueso -.\" Copyright (C) 2013 Karel Zak -.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License -.TH FDISK 8 "February 2016" "util-linux" "System Administration" - -.SH NAME -fdisk \- manipulate disk partition table - -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B fdisk -[options] -.I device -.sp -.B fdisk \-l -.RI [ device ...] - -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B fdisk -is a dialog-driven program for creation and manipulation of partition tables. -It understands GPT, MBR, Sun, SGI and BSD partition tables. - -Block devices can be divided into one or more logical disks called -.IR partitions . -This division is recorded in the -.IR "partition table" , -usually found in sector 0 of the disk. -(In the BSD world one talks about `disk slices' and a `disklabel'.) - -All partitioning is driven by device I/O limits (the topology) by default. -.B fdisk -is able to optimize the disk layout for a 4K-sector size and use an alignment offset on -modern devices for MBR and GPT. It is always a good idea to follow \fBfdisk\fR's defaults -as the default values (e.g., first and last partition sectors) and partition -sizes specified by the +/-{M,G,...} notation are always aligned according -to the device properties. - -CHS (Cylinder-Head-Sector) addressing is deprecated and not used by default. -Please, do not follow old articles and recommendations with "fdisk \-S \-H -" advices for SSD or 4K-sector devices. - -Note that -.BR partx (8) -provides a rich interface for scripts to print disk layouts, -.B fdisk -is mostly designed for humans. Backward compatibility in the output of -.B fdisk -is not guaranteed. The input (the commands) should always be backward compatible. - -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-sector\-size\fR \fIsectorsize\fP -Specify the sector size of the disk. Valid values are 512, 1024, 2048, and 4096. -(Recent kernels know the sector size. Use this option only on old kernels or -to override the kernel's ideas.) Since util-linux-2.17, \fBfdisk\fR differentiates -between logical and physical sector size. This option changes both sector sizes to -.IB sectorsize . -.TP -\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-protect\-boot\fP -Don't erase the beginning of the first disk sector when creating a new disk label. This -feature is supported for GPT and MBR. -.TP -\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-compatibility\fR[=\fImode\fR] -Specify the compatibility mode, 'dos' or 'nondos'. The default is non-DOS -mode. For backward compatibility, it is possible to use the option without -the \fImode\fR argument -- then the default is used. Note that the optional -\fImode\fR argument cannot be separated from the \fB\-c\fR option by a space, -the correct form is for example '\-c=dos'. -.TP -\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR -Display a help text and exit. -.TP -\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-color\fR[=\fIwhen\fR] -Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP -can be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. If the \fIwhen\fR argument is omitted, -it defaults to \fBauto\fR. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default -see the \fB\-\-help\fR output. See also the \fBCOLORS\fR section. -.TP -\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR -List the partition tables for the specified devices and then exit. - -If no devices are given, the devices mentioned in -.I /proc/partitions -(if this file exists) are used. Devices are always listed in the order in -which they are specified on the command-line, or by the kernel listed -in /proc/partitions. -.TP -\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-list\-details\fR -Like \fB\-\-list\fR, but provides more details. -.TP -\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR] -Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument -\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR -argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites -environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any -lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other -tools. -.TP -\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-noauto\-pt\fR -Don't automatically create a default partition table on empty device. The partition table -has to be explicitly created by user (by command like 'o', 'g', etc.). -.TP -.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIlist\fP -Specify which output columns to print. Use -.B \-\-help -to get a list of all supported columns. - -The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is -specified in the format \fI+list\fP (e.g., \fB\-o +UUID\fP). -.TP -\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-getsz\fR -Print the size in 512-byte sectors of each given block device. This option is DEPRECATED -in favour of -.BR blockdev (8). -.TP -\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-type\fR \fItype\fR -Enable support only for disklabels of the specified \fItype\fP, and disable -support for all other types. -.TP -\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-units\fR[=\fIunit\fR] -When listing partition tables, show sizes in 'sectors' or in 'cylinders'. The -default is to show sizes in sectors. For backward compatibility, it is possible -to use the option without the \fIunit\fR argument -- then the default is used. -Note that the optional \fIunit\fR argument cannot be separated from the \fB\-u\fR -option by a space, the correct form is for example '\-u=cylinders'. - -.TP -\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-cylinders\fR \fInumber\fR -Specify the number of cylinders of the disk. -I have no idea why anybody would want to do so. -.TP -\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-heads\fR \fInumber\fR -Specify the number of heads of the disk. (Not the physical number, -of course, but the number used for partition tables.) -Reasonable values are 255 and 16. -.TP -\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-sectors\fR \fInumber\fR -Specify the number of sectors per track of the disk. -(Not the physical number, of course, but the number used for -partition tables.) A reasonable value is 63. - -.TP -\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-wipe\fR \fIwhen\fR -Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition-table signatures from the device, in order -to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fR can be \fBauto\fR, -\fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. When this option is not given, the default is -\fBauto\fR, in which case signatures are wiped only when in interactive mode. -In all cases detected signatures are reported by warning messages -before a new partition table is created. See also -.BR wipefs (8) -command. - -.TP -\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-wipe-partitions\fR \fIwhen\fR -Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition-table signatures from a newly created -partitions, in order to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fR can -be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. When this option is not given, the -default is \fBauto\fR, in which case signatures are wiped only when in -interactive mode and after confirmation by user. In all cases detected -signatures are reported by warning messages before a new partition is -created. See also -.BR wipefs (8) -command. - -.TP -\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR -Display version information and exit. - -.SH DEVICES -The -.I device -is usually /dev/sda, /dev/sdb or so. A device name refers to the entire disk. -Old systems without libata (a library used inside the Linux kernel to support -ATA host controllers and devices) make a difference between IDE and SCSI disks. -In such cases the device name will be /dev/hd* (IDE) or /dev/sd* (SCSI). - -The -.I partition -is a device name followed by a partition number. For example, /dev/sda1 is the -first partition on the first hard disk in the system. See also Linux kernel -documentation (the Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt file). - -.SH SIZES -The "last sector" dialog accepts partition size specified by number of sectors -or by +/-{K,B,M,G,...} notation. - -If the size is prefixed by '+' then it is interpreted as relative to the -partition first sector. If the size is prefixed by '\-' then it is interpreted -as relative to the high limit (last available sector for the partition). - -In the case the size is specified in bytes than the number may be followed by -the multiplicative suffixes KiB=1024, MiB=1024*1024, and so on for GiB, TiB, -PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB. The "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as -"KiB". - -The relative sizes are always aligned according to device I/O limits. The -+/-{K,B,M,G,...} notation is recommended. - -For backward compatibility fdisk also accepts the suffixes KB=1000, -MB=1000*1000, and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB. These 10\(haN suffixes -are deprecated. - -.SH SCRIPT FILES -.B fdisk -allows reading (by 'I' command) sfdisk compatible script files. The script is -applied to in-memory partition table, and then it is possible to modify the -partition table before you write it to the device. -.PP -And vice-versa it is possible to write the current in-memory disk layout -to the script file by command 'O'. -.PP -The script files are compatible between cfdisk, sfdisk, fdisk and other -libfdisk applications. For more details see -.BR sfdisk (8). - -.SH DISK LABELS -.B GPT (GUID Partition Table) -.RS -GPT is modern standard for the layout of the partition table. GPT uses 64-bit -logical block addresses, checksums, UUIDs and names for partitions and an -unlimited number of partitions (although the number of partitions is -usually restricted to 128 in many partitioning tools). - -Note that the first sector is still reserved for a -.B protective MBR -in the GPT specification. It prevents MBR-only partitioning tools -from mis-recognizing and overwriting GPT disks. - -GPT is always a better choice than MBR, especially on modern hardware with a UEFI -boot loader. -.RE - -.B DOS-type (MBR) -.RS -A DOS-type partition table can describe an unlimited number of partitions. In sector 0 -there is room for the description of 4 partitions (called `primary'). One of -these may be an extended partition; this is a box holding logical partitions, -with descriptors found in a linked list of sectors, each preceding the -corresponding logical partitions. The four primary partitions, present or not, -get numbers 1-4. Logical partitions are numbered starting from 5. - -In a DOS-type partition table the starting offset and the size of each -partition is stored in two ways: as an absolute number of sectors (given in 32 -bits), and as a -.B Cylinders/Heads/Sectors -triple (given in 10+8+6 bits). The former is OK -- with 512-byte sectors this -will work up to 2 TB. The latter has two problems. First, these C/H/S fields -can be filled only when the number of heads and the number of sectors per track -are known. And second, even if we know what these numbers should be, the 24 -bits that are available do not suffice. DOS uses C/H/S only, Windows uses -both, Linux never uses C/H/S. The -.B C/H/S addressing is deprecated -and may be unsupported in some later fdisk version. - -.B Please, read the DOS-mode section if you want DOS-compatible partitions. -.B fdisk -does not care about cylinder boundaries by default. -.RE - -.B BSD/Sun-type -.RS -A BSD/Sun disklabel can describe 8 partitions, the third of which should be a `whole -disk' partition. Do not start a partition that actually uses its first sector -(like a swap partition) at cylinder 0, since that will destroy the disklabel. -Note that a -.B BSD label -is usually nested within a DOS partition. -.RE - -.B IRIX/SGI-type -.RS -An IRIX/SGI disklabel can describe 16 partitions, the eleventh of which should be an entire -`volume' partition, while the ninth should be labeled `volume header'. The -volume header will also cover the partition table, i.e., it starts at block -zero and extends by default over five cylinders. The remaining space in the -volume header may be used by header directory entries. No partitions may -overlap with the volume header. Also do not change its type or make some -filesystem on it, since you will lose the partition table. Use this type of -label only when working with Linux on IRIX/SGI machines or IRIX/SGI disks under -Linux. -.RE - -A sync() and an ioctl(BLKRRPART) (rereading the partition table from disk) -are performed before exiting when the partition table has been updated. - -.SH DOS mode and DOS 6.x WARNING -.B Note that all this is deprecated. You don't have to care about things like -.B geometry and cylinders on modern operating systems. If you really want -.B DOS-compatible partitioning then you have to enable DOS mode and cylinder -.B units by using the '\-c=dos \-u=cylinders' fdisk command-line options. - -The DOS 6.x FORMAT command looks for some information in the first sector of -the data area of the partition, and treats this information as more reliable -than the information in the partition table. DOS FORMAT expects DOS FDISK to -clear the first 512 bytes of the data area of a partition whenever a size -change occurs. DOS FORMAT will look at this extra information even if the /U -flag is given -- we consider this a bug in DOS FORMAT and DOS FDISK. - -The bottom line is that if you use \fBfdisk\fR or \fBcfdisk\fR to change the -size of a DOS partition table entry, then you must also use -.BR dd "(1) to " "zero the first 512 bytes" -of that partition before using DOS FORMAT to format the partition. For -example, if you were using \fBfdisk\fR to make a DOS partition table entry for -/dev/sda1, then (after exiting \fBfdisk\fR and rebooting Linux so that the -partition table information is valid) you would use the command "dd -if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda1 bs=512 count=1" to zero the first 512 bytes of the -partition. - -.B fdisk -usually obtains the disk geometry automatically. This is not necessarily the -physical disk geometry (indeed, modern disks do not really have anything like a -physical geometry, certainly not something that can be described in the simplistic -Cylinders/Heads/Sectors form), but it is the disk geometry that MS-DOS uses for -the partition table. - -Usually all goes well by default, and there are no problems if Linux is the -only system on the disk. However, if the disk has to be shared with other -operating systems, it is often a good idea to let an fdisk from another -operating system make at least one partition. When Linux boots it looks at the -partition table, and tries to deduce what (fake) geometry is required for good -cooperation with other systems. - -Whenever a partition table is printed out in DOS mode, a consistency check is -performed on the partition table entries. This check verifies that the -physical and logical start and end points are identical, and that each -partition starts and ends on a cylinder boundary (except for the first -partition). - -Some versions of MS-DOS create a first partition which does not begin -on a cylinder boundary, but on sector 2 of the first cylinder. -Partitions beginning in cylinder 1 cannot begin on a cylinder boundary, but -this is unlikely to cause difficulty unless you have OS/2 on your machine. - -For best results, you should always use an OS-specific partition table -program. For example, you should make DOS partitions with the DOS FDISK -program and Linux partitions with the Linux fdisk or Linux cfdisk programs. -.SH COLORS -Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal-colors.d/fdisk.disable\fR. - -See -.BR terminal-colors.d (5) -for more details about colorization configuration. The logical color names -supported by -.B fdisk -are: -.TP -.B header -The header of the output tables. -.TP -.B help-title -The help section titles. -.TP -.B warn -The warning messages. -.TP -.B welcome -The welcome message. - -.SH ENVIRONMENT -.IP FDISK_DEBUG=all -enables fdisk debug output. -.IP LIBFDISK_DEBUG=all -enables libfdisk debug output. -.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all -enables libblkid debug output. -.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all -enables libsmartcols debug output. -.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on -use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG. -.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE= -use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details. - -.SH AUTHORS -.MT kzak@redhat.com -Karel Zak -.ME -.br -.MT dave@gnu.org -Davidlohr Bueso -.ME -.br -.PP -The original version was written by -Andries E. Brouwer, A. V. Le Blanc and others. - -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR cfdisk (8), -.BR mkfs (8), -.BR partx (8), -.BR sfdisk (8) - -.SH AVAILABILITY -The fdisk command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/fsck.8 b/disk-utils/fsck.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 97eb8d8c45..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/fsck.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,418 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved. -.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License. -.\" -.TH FSCK 8 "February 2009" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -fsck \- check and repair a Linux filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B fsck -.RB [ \-lsAVRTMNP ] -.RB [ \-r -.RI [ fd ]] -.RB [ \-C -.RI [ fd ]] -.RB [ \-t -.IR fstype ] -.RI [ filesystem \&...\&] -.RB [ \-\- ] -.RI [ fs-specific-options ] -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B fsck -is used to check and optionally repair one or more Linux filesystems. -.I filesys -can be a device name (e.g., -.IR /dev/hdc1 ", " /dev/sdb2 ), -a mount point (e.g., -.IR / ", " /usr ", " /home ), -or an filesystem label or UUID specifier (e.g., -UUID=8868abf6-88c5-4a83-98b8-bfc24057f7bd or LABEL=root). -Normally, the -.B fsck -program will try to handle filesystems on different physical disk drives -in parallel to reduce the total amount of time needed to check all of them. -.PP -If no filesystems are specified on the command line, and the -.B \-A -option is not specified, -.B fsck -will default to checking filesystems in -.I /etc/fstab -serially. This is equivalent to the -.B \-As -options. -.PP -The exit status returned by -.B fsck -is the sum of the following conditions: -.PP -.RS -.PD 0 -.TP -.B 0 -No errors -.TP -.B 1 -Filesystem errors corrected -.TP -.B 2 -System should be rebooted -.TP -.B 4 -Filesystem errors left uncorrected -.TP -.B 8 -Operational error -.TP -.B 16 -Usage or syntax error -.TP -.B 32 -Checking canceled by user request -.TP -.B 128 -Shared-library error -.PD -.RE -.PP -The exit status returned when multiple filesystems are checked -is the bit-wise OR of the exit statuses for each -filesystem that is checked. -.PP -In actuality, -.B fsck -is simply a front-end for the various filesystem checkers -(\fBfsck\fR.\fIfstype\fR) available under Linux. The -filesystem-specific checker is searched for in the -PATH environment variable. If the PATH is undefined then -fallback to "/sbin". -.PP -Please see the filesystem-specific checker manual pages for -further details. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.B \-l -Create an exclusive -.BR flock (2) -lock file (/run/fsck/.lock) for whole-disk device. -This option can be used with one device only (this means that \fB\-A\fR and -\fB\-l\fR are mutually exclusive). This option is recommended when more -.BR fsck (8) -instances are executed in the same time. The option is ignored when used for -multiple devices or for non-rotating disks. \fBfsck\fR does not lock underlying -devices when executed to check stacked devices (e.g.\& MD or DM) \(en this feature is -not implemented yet. -.TP -.BR \-r \ [ \fIfd\fR ] -Report certain statistics for each fsck when it completes. These statistics -include the exit status, the maximum run set size (in kilobytes), the elapsed -all-clock time and the user and system CPU time used by the fsck run. For -example: - -/dev/sda1: status 0, rss 92828, real 4.002804, user 2.677592, sys 0.86186 - -GUI front-ends may specify a file descriptor -.IR fd , -in which case the progress bar information will be sent to that file descriptor -in a machine parsable format. For example: - -/dev/sda1 0 92828 4.002804 2.677592 0.86186 -.TP -.B \-s -Serialize -.B fsck -operations. This is a good idea if you are checking multiple -filesystems and the checkers are in an interactive mode. (Note: -.BR e2fsck (8) -runs in an interactive mode by default. To make -.BR e2fsck (8) -run in a non-interactive mode, you must either specify the -.B \-p -or -.B \-a -option, if you wish for errors to be corrected automatically, or the -.B \-n -option if you do not.) -.TP -.BI \-t " fslist" -Specifies the type(s) of filesystem to be checked. When the -.B \-A -flag is specified, only filesystems that match -.I fslist -are checked. The -.I fslist -parameter is a comma-separated list of filesystems and options -specifiers. All of the filesystems in this comma-separated list may be -prefixed by a negation operator -.RB ' no ' -or -.RB ' ! ', -which requests that only those filesystems not listed in -.I fslist -will be checked. If none of the filesystems in -.I fslist -is prefixed by a negation operator, then only those listed filesystems -will be checked. -.sp -Options specifiers may be included in the comma-separated -.IR fslist . -They must have the format -.BI opts= fs-option\fR. -If an options specifier is present, then only filesystems which contain -.I fs-option -in their mount options field of -.I /etc/fstab -will be checked. If the options specifier is prefixed by a negation -operator, then only -those filesystems that do not have -.I fs-option -in their mount options field of -.I /etc/fstab -will be checked. -.sp -For example, if -.B opts=ro -appears in -.IR fslist , -then only filesystems listed in -.I /etc/fstab -with the -.B ro -option will be checked. -.sp -For compatibility with Mandrake distributions whose boot scripts -depend upon an unauthorized UI change to the -.B fsck -program, if a filesystem type of -.B loop -is found in -.IR fslist , -it is treated as if -.B opts=loop -were specified as an argument to the -.B \-t -option. -.sp -Normally, the filesystem type is deduced by searching for -.I filesys -in the -.I /etc/fstab -file and using the corresponding entry. -If the type cannot be deduced, and there is only a single filesystem -given as an argument to the -.B \-t -option, -.B fsck -will use the specified filesystem type. If this type is not -available, then the default filesystem type (currently ext2) is used. -.TP -.B \-A -Walk through the -.I /etc/fstab -file and try to check all filesystems in one run. This option is -typically used from the -.I /etc/rc -system initialization file, instead of multiple commands for checking -a single filesystem. -.sp -The root filesystem will be checked first unless the -.B \-P -option is specified (see below). After that, -filesystems will be checked in the order specified by the -.I fs_passno -(the sixth) field in the -.I /etc/fstab -file. -Filesystems with a -.I fs_passno -value of 0 are skipped and are not checked at all. Filesystems with a -.I fs_passno -value of greater than zero will be checked in order, -with filesystems with the lowest -.I fs_passno -number being checked first. -If there are multiple filesystems with the same pass number, -.B fsck -will attempt to check them in parallel, although it will avoid running -multiple filesystem checks on the same physical disk. -.sp -.B fsck -does not check stacked devices (RAIDs, dm-crypt, \&...\&) in parallel with any other -device. See below for FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL setting. The /sys filesystem is -used to determine dependencies between devices. -.sp -Hence, a very common configuration in -.I /etc/fstab -files is to set the root filesystem to have a -.I fs_passno -value of 1 -and to set all other filesystems to have a -.I fs_passno -value of 2. This will allow -.B fsck -to automatically run filesystem checkers in parallel if it is advantageous -to do so. System administrators might choose -not to use this configuration if they need to avoid multiple filesystem -checks running in parallel for some reason \(en for example, if the -machine in question is short on memory so that -excessive paging is a concern. -.sp -.B fsck -normally does not check whether the device actually exists before -calling a filesystem specific checker. Therefore non-existing -devices may cause the system to enter filesystem repair mode during -boot if the filesystem specific checker returns a fatal error. The -.I /etc/fstab -mount option -.B nofail -may be used to have -.B fsck -skip non-existing devices. -.B fsck -also skips non-existing devices that have the special filesystem type -.BR auto . -.TP -.BR \-C \ [ \fIfd\fR ] -Display completion/progress bars for those filesystem checkers (currently -only for ext[234]) which support them. \fBfsck\fR will manage the -filesystem checkers so that only one of them will display -a progress bar at a time. GUI front-ends may specify a file descriptor -.IR fd , -in which case the progress bar information will be sent to that file descriptor. -.TP -.B \-M -Do not check mounted filesystems and return an exit status of 0 -for mounted filesystems. -.TP -.B \-N -Don't execute, just show what would be done. -.TP -.B \-P -When the -.B \-A -flag is set, check the root filesystem in parallel with the other filesystems. -This is not the safest thing in the world to do, -since if the root filesystem is in doubt things like the -.BR e2fsck (8) -executable might be corrupted! This option is mainly provided -for those sysadmins who don't want to repartition the root -filesystem to be small and compact (which is really the right solution). -.TP -.B \-R -When checking all filesystems with the -.B \-A -flag, skip the root filesystem. (This is useful in case the root -filesystem has already been mounted read-write.) -.TP -.B \-T -Don't show the title on startup. -.TP -.B \-V -Produce verbose output, including all filesystem-specific commands -that are executed. -.TP -\fB\-?\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR -Display help text and exit. -.TP -\fB\-\-version\fR -Display version information and exit. -.SH FILESYSTEM SPECIFIC OPTIONS -.B Options which are not understood by fsck are passed to the filesystem-specific checker! -.PP -These options -.B must -not take arguments, as there is no -way for -.B fsck -to be able to properly guess which options take arguments and which -don't. -.PP -Options and arguments which follow the -.B \-\- -are treated as filesystem-specific options to be passed to the -filesystem-specific checker. -.PP -Please note that \fBfsck\fR is not -designed to pass arbitrarily complicated options to filesystem-specific -checkers. If you're doing something complicated, please just -execute the filesystem-specific checker directly. If you pass -.B fsck -some horribly complicated options and arguments, and it doesn't do -what you expect, -.B don't bother reporting it as a bug. -You're almost certainly doing something that you shouldn't be doing -with -.BR fsck . -Options to different filesystem-specific fsck's are not standardized. -.SH ENVIRONMENT -The -.B fsck -program's behavior is affected by the following environment variables: -.TP -.B FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL -If this environment variable is set, -.B fsck -will attempt to check all of the specified filesystems in parallel, regardless of -whether the filesystems appear to be on the same device. (This is useful for -RAID systems or high-end storage systems such as those sold by companies such -as IBM or EMC.) Note that the fs_passno value is still used. -.TP -.B FSCK_MAX_INST -This environment variable will limit the maximum number of filesystem -checkers that can be running at one time. This allows configurations -which have a large number of disks to avoid -.B fsck -starting too many filesystem checkers at once, which might overload -CPU and memory resources available on the system. If this value is -zero, then an unlimited number of processes can be spawned. This is -currently the default, but future versions of -.B fsck -may attempt to automatically determine how many filesystem checks can -be run based on gathering accounting data from the operating system. -.TP -.B PATH -The -.B PATH -environment variable is used to find filesystem checkers. -.TP -.B FSTAB_FILE -This environment variable allows the system administrator -to override the standard location of the -.I /etc/fstab -file. It is also useful for developers who are testing -.BR fsck . -.TP -.B LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all -enables libblkid debug output. -.TP -.B LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all -enables libmount debug output. -.SH FILES -.I /etc/fstab -.SH AUTHORS -.nf -Theodore Ts'o -Karel Zak -.fi -.SH SEE ALSO -.na -.BR fstab (5), -.BR mkfs (8), -.BR fsck.ext2 (8) -or -.BR fsck.ext3 (8) -or -.BR e2fsck (8), -.BR fsck.cramfs (8), -.BR fsck.jfs (8), -.BR fsck.nfs (8), -.BR fsck.minix (8), -.BR fsck.msdos (8), -.BR fsck.vfat (8), -.BR fsck.xfs (8), -.BR reiserfsck (8) -.ad -.SH AVAILABILITY -The fsck command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/ -Linux Kernel Archive -.UE . diff --git a/disk-utils/fsck.cramfs.8 b/disk-utils/fsck.cramfs.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 90d7942053..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/fsck.cramfs.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -.TH FSCK.CRAMFS 8 "April 2013" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -fsck.cramfs \- fsck compressed ROM file system -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B fsck.cramfs -[options] -.I file -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I fsck.cramfs -is used to check the cramfs file system. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR -Enable verbose messaging. -.TP -\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-blocksize\fR \fIblocksize\fR -Use this blocksize, defaults to page size. Must be equal to what was set at -creation time. Only used for \-\-extract. -.TP -\fB\-\-extract\fR[=\fIdirectory\fR] -Test to uncompress the whole file system. Optionally extract contents of the -.I file -to -.IR directory . -.TP -\fB\-a\fR -This option is silently ignored. -.TP -\fB\-y\fR -This option is silently ignored. -.TP -\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR -Display version information and exit. -.TP -\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR -Display help text and exit. -.SH EXIT STATUS -.RS -.PD 0 -.TP -.B 0 -success -.TP -.B 4 -file system was left uncorrected -.TP -.B 8 -operation error, such as unable to allocate memory -.TP -.B 16 -usage information was printed -.PD -.RE -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR mount (8), -.BR mkfs.cramfs (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The fsck.cramfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/ -Linux Kernel Archive -.UE . diff --git a/disk-utils/fsck.minix.8 b/disk-utils/fsck.minix.8 deleted file mode 100644 index ca050897ce..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/fsck.minix.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,167 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) -.\" May be freely distributed. -.TH FSCK.MINIX 8 "June 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -fsck.minix \- check consistency of Minix filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B fsck.minix -[options] -.I device -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B fsck.minix -performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX filesystem. -.PP -The program assumes the filesystem is quiescent. -.B fsck.minix -should not be used on a mounted device unless you can be sure nobody is -writing to it. Remember that the kernel can write to device when it -searches for files. -.PP -The \fIdevice\fR name will usually have the following form: -.RS -.TS -tab(:); -l l. -/dev/hda[1\(en63]:IDE disk 1 -/dev/hdb[1\(en63]:IDE disk 2 -/dev/sda[1\(en15]:SCSI disk 1 -/dev/sdb[1\(en15]:SCSI disk 2 -.TE -.RE -.PP -If the filesystem was changed, i.e., repaired, then -.B fsck.minix -will print "FILE SYSTEM HAS CHANGED" and will -.BR sync (2) -three times before exiting. There is -.I no -need to reboot after check. -.SH WARNING -.B fsck.minix -should -.B not -be used on a mounted filesystem. Using -.B fsck.minix -on a mounted filesystem is very dangerous, due to the possibility that -deleted files are still in use, and can seriously damage a perfectly good -filesystem! If you absolutely have to run -.B fsck.minix -on a mounted filesystem, such as the root filesystem, make sure nothing -is writing to the disk, and that no files are "zombies" waiting for -deletion. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR -List all filenames. -.TP -\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repair\fR -Perform interactive repairs. -.TP -\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-auto\fR -Perform automatic repairs. This option implies -.B \-\-repair -and serves to answer all of the questions asked with the default. Note -that this can be extremely dangerous in the case of extensive filesystem -damage. -.TP -\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR -Be verbose. -.TP -\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-super\fR -Output super-block information. -.TP -\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-uncleared\fR -Activate MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings. -.TP -\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR -Force a filesystem check even if the filesystem was marked as valid. -Marking is done by the kernel when the filesystem is unmounted. -.TP -\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR -Display version information and exit. -.TP -\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR -Display help text and exit. -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -There are numerous diagnostic messages. The ones mentioned here are the -most commonly seen in normal usage. -.PP -If the device does not exist, -.B fsck.minix -will print "unable to read super block". If the device exists, but is not -a MINIX filesystem, -.B fsck.minix -will print "bad magic number in super-block". -.SH EXIT STATUS -The exit status returned by -.B fsck.minix -is the sum of the following: -.PP -.RS -.PD 0 -.TP -.B 0 -No errors -.TP -.B 3 -Filesystem errors corrected, system should be rebooted if filesystem was -mounted -.TP -.B 4 -Filesystem errors left uncorrected -.TP -.B 7 -Combination of exit statuses 3 and 4 -.TP -.B 8 -Operational error -.TP -.B 16 -Usage or syntax error -.PD -.RE -.SH AUTHORS -.MT torvalds@\:cs.\:helsinki.\:fi -Linus Torvalds -.ME -.br -Exit status values by -.MT faith@\:cs.\:unc.\:edu -Rik Faith -.ME -.br -Added support for filesystem valid flag: -.MT greg%\:wind.\:uucp@\:plains.\:nodak.\:edu -Dr.\& Wettstein -.ME . -.br -Check to prevent fsck of mounted filesystem added by -.MT quinlan@\:yggdrasil.\:com -Daniel Quinlan -.ME . -.br -Minix v2 fs support by -.MT schwab@\:issan.\:informatik.\:uni-dortmund.\:de -Andreas Schwab -.ME , -updated by -.MT janl@\:math.\:uio.\:no -Nicolai Langfeldt -.ME . -.br -Portability patch by -.MT rmk@\:ecs.\:soton.\:ac.\:uk -Russell King -.ME . -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR fsck (8), -.BR fsck.ext2 (8), -.BR mkfs (8), -.BR mkfs.ext2 (8), -.BR mkfs.minix (8), -.BR reboot (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The fsck.minix command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/ -Linux Kernel Archive -.UE . diff --git a/disk-utils/isosize.8 b/disk-utils/isosize.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 8d58993965..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/isosize.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -.TH ISOSIZE 8 "June 2011" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -isosize \- output the length of an iso9660 filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B isosize -.RI [options] " iso9660_image_file" -.SH DESCRIPTION -This command outputs the length of an iso9660 filesystem that -is contained in the specified file. This file may be a normal file or -a block device (e.g.\& /dev/hdd or /dev/sr0). In the absence of -any options (and errors), it will output the size of the iso9660 -filesystem in bytes. This can now be a large number (>> 4\ GB). -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BR \-x , " \-\-sectors" -Show the block count and block size in human-readable form. -The output uses the term "sectors" for "blocks". -.TP -.BR \-d , " \-\-divisor " \fInumber\fR -Only has an effect when -.B \-x -is not given. The value shown (if no errors) -is the iso9660 file size in bytes divided by -.IR number . -So if -.I number -is the block size then the shown value will be the block count. -.PP -The size of the file (or block device) holding an iso9660 -filesystem can be marginally larger than the actual size of the -iso9660 filesystem. One reason for this is that cd writers -are allowed to add "run out" sectors at the end of an iso9660 -image. -.SH EXIT STATUS -.RS -.PD 0 -.TP -.B 0 -success -.TP -.B 1 -generic failure, such as invalid usage -.TP -.B 32 -all failed -.TP -.B 64 -some failed -.PD -.RE -.SH AVAILABILITY -The isosize command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/ -Linux Kernel Archive -.UE . diff --git a/disk-utils/mkfs.8 b/disk-utils/mkfs.8 deleted file mode 100644 index deb00b2bb1..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/mkfs.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,94 +0,0 @@ -.TH MKFS 8 "June 2011" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -mkfs \- build a Linux filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B mkfs -[options] -.RB [ \-t -.IR type "] [" fs-options ] " device " [ size ] -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B This mkfs frontend is deprecated in favour of filesystem specific mkfs. utils. -.PP -.B mkfs -is used to build a Linux filesystem on a device, usually -a hard disk partition. The -.I device -argument is either the device name (e.g., -.IR /dev/hda1 , -.IR /dev/sdb2 ), -or a regular file that shall contain the filesystem. The -.I size -argument is the number of blocks to be used for the filesystem. -.PP -The exit status returned by -.B mkfs -is 0 on success and 1 on failure. -.PP -In actuality, -.B mkfs -is simply a front-end for the various filesystem builders -(\fBmkfs.\fIfstype\fR) -available under Linux. -The filesystem-specific builder is searched for via your PATH -environment setting only. -Please see the filesystem-specific builder manual pages for -further details. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BR \-t , " \-\-type " \fItype\fR -Specify the \fItype\fR of filesystem to be built. -If not specified, the default filesystem type -(currently ext2) is used. -.TP -.I fs-options -Filesystem-specific options to be passed to the real filesystem builder. -.TP -.BR \-V , " \-\-verbose" -Produce verbose output, including all filesystem-specific commands -that are executed. -Specifying this option more than once inhibits execution of any -filesystem-specific commands. -This is really only useful for testing. -.TP -.BR \-V , " \-\-version" -Display version information and exit. (Option \fB\-V\fR will display -version information only when it is the only parameter, otherwise it -will work as \fB\-\-verbose\fR.) -.TP -.BR \-h , " \-\-help" -Display help text and exit. -.SH BUGS -All generic options must precede and not be combined with -filesystem-specific options. -Some filesystem-specific programs do not automatically -detect the device size and require the -.I size -parameter to be specified. -.SH AUTHORS -David Engel (david@ods.com) -.br -Fred N.\& van Kempen (waltje@uwalt.nl.mugnet.org) -.br -Ron Sommeling (sommel@sci.kun.nl) -.br -The manual page was shamelessly adapted from Remy Card's version -for the ext2 filesystem. -.SH SEE ALSO -.na -.BR fs (5), -.BR badblocks (8), -.BR fsck (8), -.BR mkdosfs (8), -.BR mke2fs (8), -.BR mkfs.bfs (8), -.BR mkfs.ext2 (8), -.BR mkfs.ext3 (8), -.BR mkfs.ext4 (8), -.BR mkfs.minix (8), -.BR mkfs.msdos (8), -.BR mkfs.vfat (8), -.BR mkfs.xfs (8) -.ad -.SH AVAILABILITY -The mkfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/mkfs.bfs.8 b/disk-utils/mkfs.bfs.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 722b8327b2..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/mkfs.bfs.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1999 Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) -.\" May be freely distributed. -.TH MKFS.BFS 8 "July 2011" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -mkfs.bfs \- make an SCO bfs filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B mkfs.bfs -.RI [options] " device " [ block-count ] -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B mkfs.bfs -creates an SCO bfs filesystem on a block device -(usually a disk partition or a file accessed via the loop device). -.PP -The -.I block-count -parameter is the desired size of the filesystem, in blocks. -If nothing is specified, the entire partition will be used. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BR \-N , " \-\-inodes " \fInumber\fR -Specify the desired \fInumber\fR of inodes (at most 512). -If nothing is specified, some default number in the range 48\(en512 is picked -depending on the size of the partition. -.TP -.BR \-V , " \-\-vname " \fIlabel\fR -Specify the volume \fIlabel\fR. I have no idea if/where this is used. -.TP -.BR \-F , " \-\-fname " \fIname\fR -Specify the filesystem \fIname\fR. I have no idea if/where this is used. -.TP -.BR \-v , " \-\-verbose" -Explain what is being done. -.TP -.B \-c -This option is silently ignored. -.TP -.B \-l -This option is silently ignored. -.TP -.BR \-h , " \-\-help" -Display help text and exit. -.TP -.BR \-V , " \-\-version" -Display version information and exit. -Option -.B \-V -only works as -.B \-\-version -when it is the only option. -.SH EXIT STATUS -The exit status returned by -.B mkfs.bfs -is 0 when all went well, and 1 when something went wrong. -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR mkfs (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The mkfs.bfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/mkfs.cramfs.8 b/disk-utils/mkfs.cramfs.8 deleted file mode 100644 index f01229f823..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/mkfs.cramfs.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -.TH MKFS.CRAMFS 8 "April 2013" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -mkfs.cramfs \- make compressed ROM file system -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B mkfs.cramfs -[options] -.I directory file -.SH DESCRIPTION -Files on cramfs file systems are zlib-compressed one page at a time to -allow random read access. The metadata is not compressed, but is -expressed in a terse representation that is more space-efficient than -conventional file systems. -.PP -The file system is intentionally read-only to simplify its design; random -write access for compressed files is difficult to implement. cramfs -ships with a utility (mkcramfs) to pack files into new cramfs images. -.PP -File sizes are limited to less than 16\ MB. -.PP -Maximum file system size is a little under 272\ MB. (The last file on the -file system must begin before the 256\ MB block, but can extend past it.) -.SH ARGUMENTS -The -.I directory -is simply the root of the directory tree that we want to generate a -compressed filesystem out of. -.PP -The -.I file -will contain the cram file system, which later can be mounted. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB\-v\fR -Enable verbose messaging. -.TP -\fB\-E\fR -Treat all warnings as errors, which are reflected as command exit status. -.TP -\fB\-b\fR \fIblocksize\fR -Use defined block size, which has to be divisible by page size. -.TP -\fB\-e\fR \fIedition\fR -Use defined file system edition number in superblock. -.TP -\fB\-N\fR \fIbig, little, host\fR -Use defined endianness. Value defaults to -.IR host . -.TP -\fB\-i\fR \fIfile\fR -Insert a -.I file -to cramfs file system. -.TP -\fB\-n\fR \fIname\fR -Set name of the cramfs file system. -.TP -\fB\-p\fR -Pad by 512 bytes for boot code. -.TP -\fB\-s\fR -This option is ignored. Originally the \-s turned on directory entry -sorting. -.TP -\fB\-z\fR -Make explicit holes. -.TP -\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR -Display help text and exit. -.TP -\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR -Display version information and exit. -.SH EXIT STATUS -.RS -.PD 0 -.TP -.B 0 -success -.TP -.B 8 -operation error, such as unable to allocate memory -.PD -.RE -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR fsck.cramfs (8), -.BR mount (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The mkfs.cramfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/ -Linux Kernel Archive -.UE . diff --git a/disk-utils/mkfs.minix.8 b/disk-utils/mkfs.minix.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 476fa8cd61..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/mkfs.minix.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,100 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) -.\" May be freely distributed. -.TH MKFS.MINIX 8 "June 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -mkfs.minix \- make a Minix filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B mkfs.minix -[options] -.I device -.RI [ size-in-blocks ] -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B mkfs.minix -creates a Linux MINIX filesystem on a device (usually a disk partition). - -The -.I device -is usually of the following form: - -.nf -.RS -/dev/hda[1\(en8] (IDE disk 1) -/dev/hdb[1\(en8] (IDE disk 2) -/dev/sda[1\(en8] (SCSI disk 1) -/dev/sdb[1\(en8] (SCSI disk 2) -.RE -.fi - -The device may be a block device or an image file of one, but this is not -enforced. Expect not much fun on a character device :-). -.PP -The -.I size-in-blocks -parameter is the desired size of the file system, in blocks. -It is present only for backwards compatibility. -If omitted the size will be determined automatically. -Only block counts strictly greater than 10 and strictly less than -65536 are allowed. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR -Check the device for bad blocks before creating the filesystem. If any -are found, the count is printed. -.TP -\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-namelength\fR \fIlength\fR -Specify the maximum length of filenames. Currently, the only allowable -values are 14 and 30 for file system versions 1 and 2. Version 3 allows -only value 60. The default is 30. -.TP -\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR] -Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument -\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR -argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites -environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any -lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other -tools. -.TP -\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inodes\fR \fInumber\fR -Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem. -.TP -\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-badblocks\fR \fIfilename\fR -Read the list of bad blocks from -.IR filename . -The file has one bad-block number per line. The count of bad blocks read -is printed. -.TP -.B \-1 -Make a Minix version 1 filesystem. This is the default. -.TP -.BR \-2 , " \-v" -Make a Minix version 2 filesystem. -.TP -.B \-3 -Make a Minix version 3 filesystem. -.TP -\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR -Display version information and exit. The long option cannot be combined -with other options. -.TP -\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR -Display help text and exit. -.SH ENVIRONMENT -.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE= -use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details. -.SH EXIT STATUS -The exit status returned by -.B mkfs.minix -is one of the following: -.IP 0 -No errors -.IP 8 -Operational error -.IP 16 -Usage or syntax error -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR fsck (8), -.BR mkfs (8), -.BR reboot (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The mkfs.minix command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/mkswap.8 b/disk-utils/mkswap.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 86cd4e0a33..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/mkswap.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1998 Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) -.\" -.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License -.\" -.TH MKSWAP 8 "March 2009" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -mkswap \- set up a Linux swap area -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B mkswap -[options] -.I device -.RI [ size ] -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B mkswap -sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file. - -The -.I device -argument will usually be a disk partition (something like -.IR /dev/sdb7 ) -but can also be a file. -The Linux kernel does not look at partition IDs, but -many installation scripts will assume that partitions -of hex type 82 (LINUX_SWAP) are meant to be swap partitions. -(\fBWarning: Solaris also uses this type. Be careful not to kill -your Solaris partitions.\fP) - -The -.I size -parameter is superfluous but retained for backwards compatibility. -(It specifies the desired size of the swap area in 1024-byte blocks. -.B mkswap -will use the entire partition or file if it is omitted. -Specifying it is unwise \(en a typo may destroy your disk.) - -After creating the swap area, you need the -.B swapon -command to start using it. Usually swap areas are listed in -.I /etc/fstab -so that they can be taken into use at boot time by a -.B swapon \-a -command in some boot script. - -.SH WARNING -The swap header does not touch the first block. A boot loader or disk label -can be there, but it is not a recommended setup. The recommended setup is to -use a separate partition for a Linux swap area. - -.BR mkswap , -like many others mkfs-like utils, -.B erases the first partition block to make any previous filesystem invisible. - -However, -.B mkswap -refuses to erase the first block on a device with a disk -label (SUN, BSD, \&...\&). - -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BR \-c , " \-\-check" -Check the device (if it is a block device) for bad blocks -before creating the swap area. -If any bad blocks are found, the count is printed. -.TP -.BR \-f , " \-\-force" -Go ahead even if the command is stupid. -This allows the creation of a swap area larger than the file -or partition it resides on. - -Also, without this option, -.B mkswap -will refuse to erase the first block on a device with a partition table. -.TP -.BR \-L , " \-\-label " \fIlabel\fR -Specify a \fIlabel\fR for the device, to allow -.B swapon -by label. -.TP -\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR] -Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument -\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR -argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites -environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any -lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other -tools. -.TP -.BR \-p , " \-\-pagesize " \fIsize\fR -Specify the page \fIsize\fR (in bytes) to use. This option is usually unnecessary; -.B mkswap -reads the size from the kernel. -.TP -.BR \-U , " \-\-uuid " \fIUUID\fR -Specify the \fIUUID\fR to use. The default is to generate a UUID. -.TP -.BR \-v , " \-\-swapversion 1" -Specify the swap-space version. (This option is currently pointless, as the old -.B \-v 0 -option has become obsolete and now only -.B \-v 1 -is supported. -The kernel has not supported v0 swap-space format since 2.5.22 (June 2002). -The new version v1 is supported since 2.1.117 (August 1998).) -.TP -\fB\-\-verbose\fR -Verbose execution. With this option -.B mkswap -will output more details about detected problems during swap area set up. -.TP -.BR \-h , " \-\-help" -Display help text and exit. -.TP -.BR \-V , " \-\-version" -Display version information and exit. - -.SH ENVIRONMENT -.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all -enables libblkid debug output. -.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE= -use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details. - -.SH NOTES -The maximum useful size of a swap area depends on the architecture and -the kernel version. - -The maximum number of the pages that is possible to address by swap area header -is 4294967295 (32-bit unsigned int). The remaining space on the swap device is ignored. - -Presently, Linux allows 32 swap areas. -The areas in use can be seen in the file -.I /proc/swaps - -.B mkswap -refuses areas smaller than 10 pages. - -If you don't know the page size that your machine uses, you may be -able to look it up with "cat /proc/cpuinfo" (or you may not \(en -the contents of this file depend on architecture and kernel version). - -To set up a swap file, it is necessary to create that file before -initializing it with -.BR mkswap , -e.g.\& using a command like - -.nf -.RS -# dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1MiB count=$((8*1024)) -.RE -.fi - -to create 8GiB swapfile. - -Please read notes from -.BR swapon (8) -about -.B the swap file use restrictions -(holes, preallocation and copy-on-write issues). - -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR fdisk (8), -.BR swapon (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The mkswap command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/partx.8 b/disk-utils/partx.8 deleted file mode 100644 index e70d1fae1a..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/partx.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,198 +0,0 @@ -.\" partx.8 -- man page for partx -.\" Copyright 2007 Karel Zak -.\" Copyright 2007 Red Hat, Inc. -.\" Copyright 2010 Davidlohr Bueso -.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License -.\" -.TH PARTX "8" "December 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -partx \- tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B partx -.RB [ \-a | \-d | \-P | \-r | \-s | \-u ] -.RB [ \-t " \fItype\fR]" -.RB [ \-n " \fIM" : \fIN\fR] -.RB [ \- "] " \fIdisk -.br -.B partx -.RB [ \-a | \-d | \-P | \-r | \-s | \-u ] -.RB [ \-t " \fItype\fR]" -.IR partition " [" disk ] -.SH DESCRIPTION -Given a device or disk-image, -.B partx -tries to parse the partition table and list its contents. It -can also tell the kernel to add or remove partitions from its -bookkeeping. -.PP -The -.I disk -argument is optional when a -.I partition -argument is provided. To force scanning a partition as if it were a whole disk -(for example to list nested subpartitions), use the argument "\-" (hyphen-minus). -For example: - -.RS 7 -.TP -partx \-\-show \- /dev/sda3 -.RE -.PP -This will see sda3 as a whole-disk rather than as a partition. -.PP -.B partx is not an fdisk program -\(en adding and removing partitions does not change the disk, it just -tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk -partitions. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BR \-a , " \-\-add" -Add the specified partitions, or read the disk and add all partitions. -.TP -.BR \-b , " \-\-bytes" -Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in human-readable format. -.TP -.BR \-d , " \-\-delete" -Delete the specified partitions or all partitions. It is not error to -remove non-existing partitions, so this option is possible to use together with -large \fB\-\-nr\fR ranges without care about the current partitions set on -the device. -.TP -.BR \-g , " \-\-noheadings" -Do not print a header line with \fB\-\-show\fR or \fB\-\-raw\fR. -.TP -.BR \-l , " \-\-list" -List the partitions. Note that all numbers are in 512-byte sectors. -This output format is DEPRECATED in favour of -.BR \-\-show . -Do not use it in newly written scripts. -.TP -.BR \-n , " \-\-nr " \fIM : \fIN -Specify the range of partitions. For backward compatibility also the -format \fIM\fB\-\fIN\fR is supported. -The range may contain negative numbers, for example -.B \-\-nr \-1:\-1 -means the last partition, and -.B \-\-nr \-2:\-1 -means the last two partitions. Supported range specifications are: -.RS 14 -.TP -.I M -Specifies just one partition (e.g.\& \fB\-\-nr 3\fR). -.TP -.IB M : -Specifies the lower limit only (e.g.\& \fB\-\-nr 2:\fR). -.TP -.BI : N -Specifies the upper limit only (e.g.\& \fB\-\-nr :4\fR). -.TP -.IB M : N -Specifies the lower and upper limits (e.g.\& \fB\-\-nr 2:4\fR). -.RE -.TP -.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIlist -Define the output columns to use for -.BR \-\-show , -.B \-\-pairs -and -.B \-\-raw -output. If no output arrangement is specified, then a default set is -used. Use -.B \-\-help -to get -.I list -of all supported columns. This option cannot be combined with the -.BR \-\-add , -.BR \-\-delete , -.B \-\-update -or -.B \-\-list -options. -.TP -.B \-\-output\-all -Output all available columns. -.TP -.BR \-P , " \-\-pairs" -List the partitions using the KEY="value" format. -.TP -.BR \-r , " \-\-raw" -List the partitions using the raw output format. -.TP -.BR \-s , " \-\-show" -List the partitions. -The output columns can be selected and rearranged with the -\fB\-\-output\fR option. -All numbers (except SIZE) are in 512-byte sectors. -.TP -.BR \-t , " \-\-type " \fItype -Specify the partition table type. -.TP -.B \-\-list\-types -List supported partition types and exit. -.TP -.BR \-u , " \-\-update" -Update the specified partitions. -.TP -.BR \-S , " \-\-sector\-size " \fIsize -Overwrite default sector size. -.TP -.BR \-v , " \-\-verbose" -Verbose mode. -.TP -.BR \-V , " \-\-version" -Display version information and exit. -.TP -.BR \-h , " \-\-help" -Display help text and exit. -.SH ENVIRONMENT -.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all -enables libblkid debug output. -.SH EXAMPLE -.TP -partx \-\-show /dev/sdb3 -.TQ -partx \-\-show \-\-nr 3 /dev/sdb -.TQ -partx \-\-show /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb -All three commands list partition 3 of /dev/sdb. -.TP -partx \-\-show \- /dev/sdb3 -Lists all subpartitions on /dev/sdb3 (the device is used as -whole-disk). -.TP -partx \-o START \-g \-\-nr 5 /dev/sdb -Prints the start sector of partition 5 on /dev/sdb without header. -.TP -partx \-o SECTORS,SIZE /dev/sda5 /dev/sda -Lists the length in sectors and human-readable size of partition 5 on -/dev/sda. -.TP -partx \-\-add \-\-nr 3:5 /dev/sdd -Adds all available partitions from 3 to 5 (inclusive) on /dev/sdd. -.TP -partx \-d \-\-nr :\-1 /dev/sdd -Removes the last partition on /dev/sdd. -.SH AUTHORS -.MT dave@gnu.org -Davidlohr Bueso -.ME -.br -.MT kzak@redhat.com -Karel Zak -.ME -.PP -The original version was written by -.MT aeb@cwi.nl -Andries E.\& Brouwer -.ME . -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR addpart (8), -.BR delpart (8), -.BR fdisk (8), -.BR parted (8), -.BR partprobe (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The partx command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/ -Linux Kernel Archive -.UE . diff --git a/disk-utils/raw.8 b/disk-utils/raw.8 deleted file mode 100644 index d569507b81..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/raw.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -.TH RAW 8 "August 1999" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -raw \- bind a Linux raw character device -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B raw -.I /dev/raw/raw -.PP -.B raw -.I /dev/raw/raw /dev/ -.PP -.B raw \-q -.I /dev/raw/raw -.PP -.B raw \-qa -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B raw -is used to bind a Linux raw character device to a block device. Any -block device may be used: at the time of binding, the device driver does -not even have to be accessible (it may be loaded on demand as a kernel -module later). -.PP -.B raw -is used in two modes: it either sets raw device bindings, or it queries -existing bindings. When setting a raw device, -.I /dev/raw/raw -is the device name of an existing raw device node in the filesystem. -The block device to which it is to be bound can be specified either in -terms of its -.I major -and -.I minor -device numbers, or as a path name -.I /dev/ -to an existing block device file. -.PP -The bindings already in existence can be queried with the -.B \-q -option, which is used either with a raw device filename to query that one -device, or with the -.B \-a -option to query all bound raw devices. -.PP -Unbinding can be done by specifying major and minor 0. -.PP -Once bound to a block device, a raw device can be opened, read and -written, just like the block device it is bound to. However, the raw -device does not behave exactly like the block device. In particular, -access to the raw device bypasses the kernel's block buffer cache -entirely: all I/O is done directly to and from the address space of the -process performing the I/O. If the underlying block device driver can -support DMA, then no data copying at all is required to complete the -I/O. -.PP -Because raw I/O involves direct hardware access to a process's memory, a -few extra restrictions must be observed. All I/Os must be correctly -aligned in memory and on disk: they must start at a sector offset on -disk, they must be an exact number of sectors long, and the data buffer -in virtual memory must also be aligned to a multiple of the sector -size. The sector size is 512 bytes for most devices. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-query\fR -Set query mode. -.B raw -will query an existing binding instead of setting a new one. -.TP -\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR -With -.BR \-q , -specify that all bound raw devices should be queried. -.TP -\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR -Display help text and exit. -.TP -\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR -Display version information and exit. - -.SH NOTES -Rather than using raw devices applications should prefer -.BR open (2) -devices, such as -.IR /dev/sda1 , -with the -.B O_DIRECT -flag. -.SH BUGS -The Linux -.BR dd (1) -command should be used without the \fBbs=\fR option, or the blocksize -needs to be a multiple of the sector size of the device (512 bytes usually), -otherwise it will fail with "Invalid Argument" messages (EINVAL). -.PP -Raw I/O devices do not maintain cache coherency with the Linux block -device buffer cache. If you use raw I/O to overwrite data already in -the buffer cache, the buffer cache will no longer correspond to the -contents of the actual storage device underneath. This is deliberate, -but is regarded as either a bug or a feature, depending on who you ask! -.SH AUTHORS -Stephen Tweedie (sct@redhat.com) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The raw command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/resizepart.8 b/disk-utils/resizepart.8 deleted file mode 100644 index a3ea0d2aad..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/resizepart.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -.\" resizepart.8 -- man page for resizepart -.\" Copyright 2012 Vivek Goyal -.\" Copyright 2012 Red Hat, Inc. -.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License -.TH RESIZEPART 8 "January 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -resizepart \- tell the kernel about the new size of a partition -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B resizepart -.I device partition length -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B resizepart -tells the Linux kernel about the new size of the specified partition. -The command is a simple wrapper around the "resize partition" ioctl. - -This command doesn't manipulate partitions on a block device. - -.SH PARAMETERS -.TP -.I device -The disk device. -.TP -.I partition -The partition number. -.TP -.I length -The new length of the partition (in 512-byte sectors). - -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR addpart (8), -.BR delpart (8), -.BR fdisk (8), -.BR parted (8), -.BR partprobe (8), -.BR partx (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The resizepart command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/sfdisk.8 b/disk-utils/sfdisk.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 6e92bf8f5e..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/sfdisk.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,677 +0,0 @@ -.\" sfdisk.8 -- man page for sfdisk -.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Karel Zak -.\" -.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this -.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are -.\" preserved on all copies. -.\" -.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this -.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the -.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a -.\" permission notice identical to this one. -.\" -.TH SFDISK 8 "June 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -sfdisk \- display or manipulate a disk partition table -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B sfdisk -[options] -.I device -.RB [ \-N -.IR partition-number ] -.sp -.B sfdisk -[options] -.I command -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B sfdisk -is a script-oriented tool for partitioning any block device. It -runs in interactive mode if executed on a terminal (stdin refers to a terminal). - -Since version 2.26 -.B sfdisk -supports MBR (DOS), GPT, SUN and SGI disk labels, but no longer provides any -functionality for CHS (Cylinder-Head-Sector) addressing. CHS has -never been important for Linux, and this addressing concept does not make any -sense for new devices. -.sp -.B sfdisk -protects the first disk sector when create a new disk label. -The option \fB\-\-wipe always\fR disables this protection. Note that -.BR fdisk (8) -and -.BR cfdisk (8) -completely erase this area by default. -.sp -.B sfdisk -(since version 2.26) -.B aligns the start and end of partitions -to block-device I/O limits when relative sizes are specified, when the default -values are used or when multiplicative suffixes (e.g., MiB) are used for sizes. -It is possible that partition size will be optimized (reduced or enlarged) due -to alignment if the start offset is specified exactly in sectors and partition -size relative or by multiplicative suffixes. - -The recommended way is not to specify start offsets at all and specify -partition size in MiB, GiB (or so). In this case -.B sfdisk -aligns all partitions -to block-device I/O limits (or when I/O limits are too small then to megabyte -boundary to keep disk layout portable). If this default behaviour is unwanted -(usually for very small partitions) then specify offsets and sizes in -sectors. In this case -.B sfdisk -entirely follows specified numbers without any -optimization. -.sp -.B sfdisk -does not create the standard system partitions for SGI and SUN disk labels like -.BR fdisk (8) -does. -It is necessary to explicitly create all partitions including whole-disk system -partitions. - -.B sfdisk -uses BLKRRPART (reread partition table) ioctl to make sure that the device is -not used by system or other tools (see also \-\-no-reread). It's possible that -this feature or another -.B sfdisk -activity races with \fBudevd\fR. The recommended way -how to avoid possible collisions is to use \fB\-\-lock\fR option. -The exclusive lock will cause udevd to skip the event handling on the device. -.PP -The -.B sfdisk -prompt is only a hint for users and a displayed partition number does -not mean that the same partition table entry will be created (if -N not -specified), especially for tables with gaps. - -.SH COMMANDS -The commands are mutually exclusive. -.TP -.RB [ \-N " \fIpartition-number\fR] " \fIdevice\fR -The default \fBsfdisk\fR command is to read the specification for the desired -partitioning of \fIdevice\fR from standard input, and then create a partition -table according to the specification. See below for the description of the -input format. If standard input is a terminal, then \fBsfdisk\fR starts an -interactive session. -.sp -If the option \fB\-N\fR is specified, then the changes are applied to -the partition addressed by \fIpartition-number\fR. The unspecified fields -of the partition are not modified. -.sp -Note that it's possible to address an unused partition with \fB\-N\fR. -For example, an MBR always contains 4 partitions, but the number of used -partitions may be smaller. In this case \fBsfdisk\fR follows the default -values from the partition table and does not use built-in defaults for the -unused partition given with \fB\-N\fR. See also \fB\-\-append\fR. -.TP -.BR \-A , " \-\-activate \fIdevice " [ \fIpartition-number...] -Switch on the bootable flag for the specified partitions and switch off the -bootable flag on all unspecified partitions. The special placeholder '\-' -may be used instead of the partition numbers to switch off the bootable flag -on all partitions. - -The activation command is supported for MBR and PMBR only. -If a GPT label is detected, then -.B sfdisk -prints warning and automatically enters PMBR. - -If no \fIpartition-number\fR is specified, then list the partitions with an -enabled flag. -.TP -.BR "\-\-delete \fIdevice " [ \fIpartition-number ...] -Delete all or the specified partitions. -.TP -.BR \-d , " \-\-dump " \fIdevice\fR -Dump the partitions of a device in a format that is usable as input to \fBsfdisk\fR. -See the section \fBBACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE\fR. -.TP -.BR \-g , " \-\-show\-geometry " [ \fIdevice ...] -List the geometry of all or the specified devices. For backward -compatibility the deprecated option \fB\-\-show\-pt\-geometry\fR have the same -meaning as this one. -.TP -.BR \-J , " \-\-json " \fIdevice\fR -Dump the partitions of a device in JSON format. Note that \fBsfdisk\fR is -not able to use JSON as input format. -.TP -.BR \-l , " \-\-list " [ \fIdevice ...] -List the partitions of all or the specified devices. This command can be used -together with \fB\-\-verify\fR. -.TP -.BR \-F , " \-\-list-free " [ \fIdevice ...] -List the free unpartitioned areas on all or the specified devices. -.TP -.BR "\-\-part\-attrs \fIdevice partition-number " [ \fIattributes ] -Change the GPT partition attribute bits. If \fIattributes\fR is not specified, -then print the current partition settings. The \fIattributes\fR argument is a -comma- or space-delimited list of bits numbers or bit names. For example, the -string "RequiredPartition,50,51" sets three bits. The currently supported -attribute bits are: -.RS -.TP -.BR "Bit 0 (RequiredPartition)" -If this bit is set, the partition is required for the platform to function. The -creator of the partition indicates that deletion or modification of the contents -can result in loss of platform features or failure for the platform to boot or -operate. The system cannot function normally if this partition is removed, and it -should be considered part of the hardware of the system. -.TP -.BR "Bit 1 (NoBlockIOProtocol)" -EFI firmware should ignore the content of the partition and not try to read from it. -.TP -.BR "Bit 2 (LegacyBIOSBootable)" -The partition may be bootable by legacy BIOS firmware. -.TP -.BR "Bits 3-47" -Undefined and must be zero. Reserved for expansion by future versions of the -UEFI specification. -.TP -.BR "Bits 48-63" -Reserved for GUID specific use. The use of these bits will vary depending on -the partition type. For example Microsoft uses bit 60 to indicate read-only, -61 for shadow copy of another partition, 62 for hidden partitions and 63 to -disable automount. -.RE -.sp -.TP -.BR "\-\-part\-label \fIdevice partition-number " [ \fIlabel ] -Change the GPT partition name (label). If \fIlabel\fR is not specified, -then print the current partition label. -.TP -.BR "\-\-part\-type \fIdevice partition-number " [ \fItype ] -Change the partition type. If \fItype\fR is not specified, then print the -current partition type. -.sp -The \fItype\fR argument is hexadecimal for MBR, -GUID for GPT, type alias (e.g. "linux") or type shortcut (e.g. 'L'). -For backward compatibility the options \fB\-c\fR and -\fB\-\-id\fR have the same meaning as this one. -.TP -.BR "\-\-part\-uuid \fIdevice partition-number " [ \fIuuid ] -Change the GPT partition UUID. If \fIuuid\fR is not specified, -then print the current partition UUID. -.TP -.BR "\-\-disk\-id \fIdevice " [ \fIid ] -Change the disk identifier. If \fIid\fR is not specified, -then print the current identifier. The identifier is UUID for GPT -or unsigned integer for MBR. -.TP -.BR \-r , " \-\-reorder " \fIdevice -Renumber the partitions, ordering them by their start offset. -.TP -.BR \-s , " \-\-show\-size " [ \fIdevice ...] -List the sizes of all or the specified devices in units of 1024 byte size. -This command is DEPRECATED in favour of -.BR blockdev (8). -.TP -.BR \-T , " \-\-list\-types" -Print all supported types for the current disk label or the label specified by -\fB\-\-label\fR. -.TP -.BR \-V , " \-\-verify " [ \fIdevice ...] -Test whether the partition table and partitions seem correct. -.TP -.BR "\-\-relocate \fIoper " \fIdevice -Relocate partition table header. This command is currently supported for GPT header only. -The argument \fIoper\fP can be: -.RS -.TP -.B gpt-bak-std -Move GPT backup header to the standard location at the end of the device. -.TP -.B gpt-bak-mini -Move GPT backup header behind the last partition. Note that UEFI -standard requires the backup header at the end of the device and partitioning -tools can automatically relocate the header to follow the standard. -.RE -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BR \-a , " \-\-append" -Don't create a new partition table, but only append the specified partitions. -.sp -Note that unused partition maybe be re-used in this case although it is not the -last partition in the partition table. See also \fB\-N\fR to specify entry in -the partition table. -.TP -.BR \-b , " \-\-backup" -Back up the current partition table sectors before starting the partitioning. -The default backup file name is \(ti/sfdisk--.bak; to use another -name see option \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-\-backup\-file\fR. -.TP -.BR \-\-color [ =\fIwhen ] -Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP -can be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. If the \fIwhen\fR argument is omitted, -it defaults to \fBauto\fR. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default -see the \fB\-\-help\fR output. See also the \fBCOLORS\fR section. -.TP -.BR \-f , " \-\-force" -Disable all consistency checking. -.TP -.B \-\-Linux -Deprecated and ignored option. Partitioning that is compatible with -Linux (and other modern operating systems) is the default. -.TP -\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR] -Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument -\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR -argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites -environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any -lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other -tools. -.TP -.BR \-n , " \-\-no\-act" -Do everything except writing to the device. -.TP -.B \-\-no\-reread -Do not check through the re-read-partition-table ioctl whether the device is in use. -.TP -.B \-\-no\-tell\-kernel -Don't tell the kernel about partition changes. This option is recommended together -with \fB\-\-no\-reread\fR to modify a partition on used disk. The modified partition -should not be used (e.g., mounted). -.TP -.BR \-O , " \-\-backup\-file " \fIpath -Override the default backup file name. Note that the device name and offset -are always appended to the file name. -.TP -.BR \-\-move-data [ =\fIpath ] -Move data after partition relocation, for example when moving the beginning -of a partition to another place on the disk. The size of the partition has -to remain the same, the new and old location may overlap. This option requires -option \fB\-N\fR in order to be processed on one specific partition only. - -The optional \fIpath\fR specifies log file name. The log file contains information -about all read/write operations on the partition data. The word "@default" as -a \fIpath\fR forces sfdisk to use \(ti/sfdisk-.move for the log. The log is -optional since v2.35. - -Note that this operation is risky and not atomic. \fBDon't forget to backup your data!\fR - -See also \fB\-\-move\-use\-fsync\fR. - -In the example below, the first command creates a 100MiB free area before -the first partition and moves the data it contains (e.g., a filesystem), -the next command creates a new partition from the free space (at offset 2048), -and the last command reorders partitions to match disk order -(the original sdc1 will become sdc2). -.RS -.sp -.B "echo '+100M,' | sfdisk \-\-move-data /dev/sdc \-N 1" -.br -.B "echo '2048,' | sfdisk /dev/sdc \-\-append" -.br -.B sfdisk /dev/sdc \-\-reorder -.sp -.RE - -.TP -.B \-\-move\-use\-fsync -Use the -.BR fsync (2) -system call after each write when moving data to a new location by -\fB\-\-move\-data\fR. -.TP -.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIlist -Specify which output columns to print. Use -.B \-\-help -to get a list of all supported columns. -.sp -The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is -specified in the format \fI+list\fP (e.g., \fB\-o +UUID\fP). -.TP -.BR \-q , " \-\-quiet" -Suppress extra info messages. -.TP -.BR \-u , " \-\-unit S" -Deprecated option. Only the sector unit is supported. This option is not -supported when using the \-\-show-size command. -.TP -.BR \-X , " \-\-label " \fItype -Specify the disk label type (e.g., \fBdos\fR, \fBgpt\fR, ...). If this option -is not given, then \fBsfdisk\fR defaults to the existing label, but if there -is no label on the device yet, then the type defaults to \fBdos\fR. The default -or the current label may be overwritten by the "label: " script header -line. The option \fB\-\-label\fR does not force \fBsfdisk\fR to create empty -disk label (see the \fBEMPTY DISK LABEL\fR section below). -.TP -.BR \-Y , " \-\-label\-nested " \fItype -Force editing of a nested disk label. The primary disk label has to exist already. -This option allows editing for example a hybrid/protective MBR on devices with GPT. -.TP -.BR \-w , " \-\-wipe "\fIwhen -Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition-table signatures from the device, in order -to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fR can be \fBauto\fR, -\fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. When this option is not given, the default is -\fBauto\fR, in which case signatures are wiped only when in interactive mode; -except the old partition-table signatures which are always wiped before create -a new partition-table if the argument \fIwhen\fR is not \fBnever\fR. -The \fBauto\fR mode also does not wipe the first sector (boot sector), it is -necessary to use the \fBalways\fR mode to wipe this area. -In all cases detected signatures are reported by warning messages before a new -partition table is created. See also the -.BR wipefs (8) -command. - -.TP -.BR \-W , " \-\-wipe-partitions "\fIwhen -Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition-table signatures from a newly created -partitions, in order to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fR can -be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. When this option is not given, the -default is \fBauto\fR, in which case signatures are wiped only when in -interactive mode and after confirmation by user. In all cases detected -signatures are reported by warning messages after a new partition is created. -See also -.BR wipefs (8) -command. - -.TP -.BR \-v , " \-\-version" -Display version information and exit. -.TP -.BR \-h , " \-\-help" -Display help text and exit. - -.SH INPUT FORMATS -.B sfdisk -supports two input formats and generic header lines. - -.SS Header lines -The optional header lines specify generic information that apply to the partition -table. The header-line format is: -.sp -.B ": " -.sp -.RE -The currently recognized headers are: -.TP -.B unit -Specify the partitioning unit. The only supported unit is \fBsectors\fR. -.TP -.B label -Specify the partition table type. For example \fBdos\fR or \fBgpt\fR. -.TP -.B label-id -Specify the partition table identifier. It should be a hexadecimal number -(with a 0x prefix) for MBR and a UUID for GPT. -.TP -.B first-lba -Specify the first usable sector for GPT partitions. -.TP -.B last-lba -Specify the last usable sector for GPT partitions. -.TP -.B table-length -Specify the maximal number of GPT partitions. -.TP -.B grain -Specify minimal size in bytes used to calculate partitions alignment. The -default is 1MiB and it's strongly recommended to use the default. Do not -modify this variable if you're not sure. -.TP -.B sector-size -Specify sector size. This header is informative only and it is not used when -sfdisk creates a new partition table, in this case the real device specific -value is always used and sector size from the dump is ignored. -.PP -Note that it is only possible to use header lines before the first partition -is specified in the input. -.SS Unnamed-fields format -\& -.RS -.sp -.I start size type bootable -.sp -.RE -where each line fills one partition descriptor. -.sp -Fields are separated by whitespace, comma or semicolon possibly -followed by whitespace; initial and trailing whitespace is ignored. -Numbers can be octal, decimal or hexadecimal; decimal is the default. -When a field is absent, empty or specified as '\-' a default value is -used. But when the \fB\-N\fR option (change a single partition) is -given, the default for each field is its previous value. -.sp -The default value of -.I start -is the first non-assigned sector aligned according to device I/O limits. -The default start offset for the first partition is 1 MiB. The offset may -be followed by the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, -EiB, ZiB and YiB) then the number is interpreted as offset in bytes. -.sp -The default value of -.I size -indicates "as much as possible"; i.e., until the next partition or -end-of-device. A numerical argument is by default interpreted as a -number of sectors, however if the size is followed by one of the -multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB) -then the number is interpreted as the size of the partition in bytes -and it is then aligned according to the device I/O limits. A '+' can -be used instead of a number to enlarge the partition as much as -possible. Note '+' is equivalent to the default behaviour for a new -partition; existing partitions will be resized as required. -.sp -The partition -.I type -is given in hex for MBR (DOS) where 0x prefix is optional; a GUID string for -GPT; a shortcut or an alias. It's recommended to use two letters for MBR hex codes to -avoid collision between deprecated shortcut 'E' and '0E' MBR hex code. For backward -compatibility -.B sfdisk -tries to interpret -.I type -as a shortcut as a first possibility in partitioning scripts although on other places (e.g. -\fB\-\-part-type command)\fR it tries shortcuts as the last possibility. - -Since v2.36 libfdisk supports partition type aliases as extension to shortcuts. The alias is a -simple human readable word (e.g. "linux"). - -Since v2.37 libfdisk supports partition type names on input, ignoring the case -of the characters and all non-alphanumeric and non-digit characters in the name -(e.g. "Linux /usr x86" is the same as "linux usr-x86"). - -Supported shortcuts and aliases: -.TP -.B L - alias 'linux' -Linux; means 83 for MBR and 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4 for GPT. -.TP -.B S - alias 'swap' -swap area; means 82 for MBR and 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F for GPT -.TP -.B Ex - alias 'extended' -MBR extended partition; means 05 for MBR. The original shortcut 'E' is deprecated due to collision with -0x0E MBR partition type. -.TP -.B H - alias 'home' -home partition; means 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915 for GPT -.TP -.B U - alias 'uefi' -EFI System partition, means EF for MBR and C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B for GPT -.TP -.B R - alias 'raid' -Linux RAID; means FD for MBR and A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E for GPT -.TP -.B V - alias 'lvm' -LVM; means 8E for MBR and E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928 for GPT -.PP -The default -.I type -value is -.I linux -.sp -The shortcut 'X' for Linux extended partition (85) is deprecated in favour of 'Ex'. - -.I bootable -is specified as [\fB*\fR|\fB-\fR], with as default not-bootable. The -value of this field is irrelevant for Linux - when Linux runs it has -been booted already - but it might play a role for certain boot -loaders and for other operating systems. -.SS Named-fields format -This format is more readable, robust, extensible and allows specifying additional -information (e.g., a UUID). It is recommended to use this format to keep your scripts -more readable. -.RS -.sp -.RI [ "device \fB:" ] " name" [\fB= value "], ..." -.sp -.RE -The -.I device -field is optional. \fBsfdisk\fR extracts the partition number from the -device name. It allows specifying the partitions in random order. -This functionality is mostly used by \fB\-\-dump\fR. -Don't use it if you are not sure. - -The -.I value -can be between quotation marks (e.g., name="This is partition name"). -The currently supported fields are: -.TP -.BI start= number -The first non-assigned sector aligned according to device I/O limits. The default -start offset for the first partition is 1 MiB. The offset may be followed by -the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB) then -the number is interpreted as offset in bytes. -.TP -.BI size= number -Specify the partition size in sectors. The number may be followed by the multiplicative -suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB), then it's interpreted as size -in bytes and the size is aligned according to device I/O limits. -.TP -.B bootable -Mark the partition as bootable. -.TP -.BI attrs= string -Partition attributes, usually GPT partition attribute bits. See -\fB\-\-part\-attrs\fR for more details about the GPT-bits string format. -.TP -.BI uuid= string -GPT partition UUID. -.TP -.BI name= string -GPT partition name. -.TP -.BI type= code -A hexadecimal number (without 0x) for an MBR partition, a GUID for a GPT partition, -a shortcut as for unnamed-fields format or a type name (e.g. type="Linux /usr (x86)"). -See above the section about the unnamed-fields format for more details. -For backward compatibility the \fBId=\fR field has the same meaning. -.SH EMPTY DISK LABEL -.B sfdisk -does not create partition table without partitions by default. The lines with -partitions are expected in the script by default. The empty partition table has -to be explicitly requested by "label: " script header line without any -partitions lines. For example: -.RS -.sp -.B "echo 'label: gpt' | sfdisk /dev/sdb" -.sp -.RE -creates empty GPT partition table. Note that the \fB\-\-append\fR disables this feature. - -.SH BACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE -It is recommended to save the layout of your devices. -.B sfdisk -supports two ways. -.sp -Use the \fB\-\-dump\fR option to save a description of the device layout -to a text file. The dump format is suitable for later \fBsfdisk\fR input. -For example: -.RS -.sp -.B "sfdisk \-\-dump /dev/sda > sda.dump" -.sp -.RE -This can later be restored by: -.RS -.sp -.B "sfdisk /dev/sda < sda.dump" -.RE - -If you want to do a full (binary) backup of all sectors where the -partition table is stored, -then use the \fB\-\-backup\fR option. It writes the sectors to -\(ti/sfdisk--.bak files. The default name of the backup file can -be changed with the \fB\-\-backup\-file\fR option. The backup files -contain only raw data from the \fIdevice\fR. -Note that the same concept of backup files is used by -.BR wipefs (8). -For example: -.RS -.sp -.B "sfdisk \-\-backup /dev/sda" -.sp -.RE -The GPT header can later be restored by: -.RS -.sp -.nf -.B "dd if=\(ti/sfdisk-sda-0x00000200.bak of=/dev/sda \e" -.B " seek=$((0x00000200)) bs=1 conv=notrunc" -.fi -.sp -.RE -Note that \fBsfdisk\fR since version 2.26 no longer provides the \fB\-I\fR option to -restore sectors. -.BR dd (1) -provides all necessary functionality. - -.SH COLORS -Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal-colors.d/sfdisk.disable\fR. - -See -.BR terminal-colors.d (5) -for more details about colorization configuration. The logical color names -supported by -.B sfdisk -are: -.TP -.B header -The header of the output tables. -.TP -.B warn -The warning messages. -.TP -.B welcome -The welcome message. - -.SH ENVIRONMENT -.IP SFDISK_DEBUG=all -enables -.B sfdisk -debug output. -.IP LIBFDISK_DEBUG=all -enables libfdisk debug output. -.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all -enables libblkid debug output. -.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all -enables libsmartcols debug output. -.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE= -use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details. - -.SH NOTES -Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fR no longer provides the \fB\-R\fR or -\fB\-\-re\-read\fR option to force the kernel to reread the partition table. -Use \fBblockdev \-\-rereadpt\fR instead. -.PP -Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fR does not provide the \fB\-\-DOS\fR, \fB\-\-IBM\fR, \fB\-\-DOS\-extended\fR, -\fB\-\-unhide\fR, \fB\-\-show\-extended\fR, \fB\-\-cylinders\fR, \fB\-\-heads\fR, \fB\-\-sectors\fR, -\fB\-\-inside\-outer\fR, \fB\-\-not\-inside\-outer\fR options. - -.SH AUTHORS -Karel Zak -.PP -The current sfdisk implementation is based on the original sfdisk -from Andries E. Brouwer. - -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR fdisk (8), -.BR cfdisk (8), -.BR parted (8), -.BR partprobe (8), -.BR partx (8) - -.SH AVAILABILITY -The sfdisk command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. diff --git a/disk-utils/swaplabel.8 b/disk-utils/swaplabel.8 deleted file mode 100644 index c92de00a57..0000000000 --- a/disk-utils/swaplabel.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,69 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 2010 Jason Borden -.\" -.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License. -.\" -.TH SWAPLABEL 8 "April 2010" "util-linux" "System Administration" -.SH NAME -swaplabel \- print or change the label or UUID of a swap area -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B swaplabel -.RB [ \-L -.IR label ] -.RB [ \-U -.IR UUID ] -.I device -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B swaplabel -will display or change the label or UUID of a swap partition located on -.I device -(or regular file). -.PP -If the optional arguments -.B \-L -and -.B \-U -are not given, -.B swaplabel -will simply display the current swap-area label and UUID of -.IR device . -.PP -If an optional argument is present, then -.B swaplabel -will change the appropriate value on -.IR device . -These values can also be set during swap creation using -.BR mkswap (8). -The -.B swaplabel -utility allows changing the label or UUID on an actively used swap device. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BR \-h , " \-\-help" -Display help text and exit. -.TP -.BR \-L , " \-\-label " \fIlabel\fR -Specify a new \fIlabel\fR for the device. -Swap partition labels can be at most 16 characters long. If -.I label -is longer than 16 characters, -.B swaplabel -will truncate it and print a warning message. -.TP -.BR \-U , " \-\-uuid " \fIUUID\fR -Specify a new \fIUUID\fR for the device. -The \fI UUID\fR -must be in the standard 8-4-4-4-12 character format, such as is output by -.BR uuidgen (1). -.SH ENVIRONMENT -.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all -enables libblkid debug output. -.SH AUTHORS -.B swaplabel -was written by Jason Borden and Karel Zak . -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR uuidgen (1), -.BR mkswap (8), -.BR swapon (8) -.SH AVAILABILITY -The swaplabel command is part of the util-linux package and is available from -https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.