From: Chet Ramey Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 20:25:28 +0000 (-0400) Subject: more error checking for hash builtin; fix for [[ builtin and some test syntax errors X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=94bce520e8ab78262fcf693b685070779e4185b7;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git more error checking for hash builtin; fix for [[ builtin and some test syntax errors --- diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index a4f9d7235..5256566d0 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ config.h config.status config.cache config.log +configure~ autom4te.cache @@ -87,3 +88,105 @@ tests/zecho parser-built y.tab.c y.tab.h + +# doc files created as part of making dvi versions from texinfo source + +doc/bashref.aux +doc/bashref.bt +doc/bashref.bts +doc/bashref.cp +doc/bashref.cps +doc/bashref.fn +doc/bashref.fns +doc/bashref.ky +doc/bashref.pg +doc/bashref.rw +doc/bashref.rws +doc/bashref.toc +doc/bashref.tp +doc/bashref.vr +doc/bashref.vrs +lib/readline/doc/history.aux +lib/readline/doc/history.bt +lib/readline/doc/history.cp +lib/readline/doc/history.cps +lib/readline/doc/history.fn +lib/readline/doc/history.fns +lib/readline/doc/history.ky +lib/readline/doc/history.log +lib/readline/doc/history.pg +lib/readline/doc/history.toc +lib/readline/doc/history.tp +lib/readline/doc/history.vr +lib/readline/doc/history.vrs +lib/readline/doc/rlman.aux +lib/readline/doc/rlman.bt +lib/readline/doc/rlman.cp +lib/readline/doc/rlman.cps +lib/readline/doc/rlman.fn +lib/readline/doc/rlman.fns +lib/readline/doc/rlman.ky +lib/readline/doc/rlman.log +lib/readline/doc/rlman.pg +lib/readline/doc/rlman.toc +lib/readline/doc/rlman.tp +lib/readline/doc/rlman.vr +lib/readline/doc/rlman.vrs +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.aux +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.bt +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.cp +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.cps +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.fn +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.fns +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.ky +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.log +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.pg +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.toc +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.tp +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.vr +lib/readline/doc/rluserman.vrs + +# example loadable builtins + +examples/loadables/accept +examples/loadables/asort +examples/loadables/basename +examples/loadables/cat +examples/loadables/csv +examples/loadables/cut +examples/loadables/dirname +examples/loadables/dsv +examples/loadables/fdflags +examples/loadables/finfo +examples/loadables/getconf +examples/loadables/head +examples/loadables/hello +examples/loadables/id +examples/loadables/kv +examples/loadables/ln +examples/loadables/logname +examples/loadables/mkdir +examples/loadables/mkfifo +examples/loadables/mktemp +examples/loadables/mypid +examples/loadables/necho +examples/loadables/pathchk +examples/loadables/print +examples/loadables/printenv +examples/loadables/push +examples/loadables/pushd +examples/loadables/realpath +examples/loadables/rm +examples/loadables/rmdir +examples/loadables/seq +examples/loadables/setpgid +examples/loadables/sleep +examples/loadables/stat +examples/loadables/strftime +examples/loadables/sync +examples/loadables/tee +examples/loadables/truefalse +examples/loadables/tty +examples/loadables/uname +examples/loadables/unlink +examples/loadables/whoami diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 1b47c4896..5ea0e26aa 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -7579,3 +7579,32 @@ builtins/printf.def - printf_builtin: when parsing the format string, consume entire multibyte characters at a time unless they begin with '\\' or '%', to avoid characters whose encoding contains those characters + + 9/11 + ---- +builtins/hash.def + - hash_builtin: if the -p option is supplied without a name to hash, + it's an error + +hashcmd.c + - phash_remove: if the hash table is empty, return 1 like unalias does + when the alias isn't in the hash table. + Report from from Mike Jonkmans + + 9/13 + ---- +test.c + - binary_test,unary_test: now static + - cond_test: new function, calls binary_test or unary_test as appropriate + and handles longjmps from test_syntax_error + +test.h + - cond_test: extern declaration + +execute_cmd.c + - execute_cond_node: call cond_test instead of binary_test or unary_test. + From a report and patch fro Grisha Levit + +doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi + - hash: add some text about the mutual exclusivity of the -t, -p, and + -d options diff --git a/builtins/hash.def b/builtins/hash.def index 699c8dd28..34460afc4 100644 --- a/builtins/hash.def +++ b/builtins/hash.def @@ -126,8 +126,16 @@ hash_builtin (WORD_LIST *list) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } + /* It's an error to specify a pathname to hash to, but no name to hash. */ + if (pathname && list == 0) + { + builtin_usage (); + return (EX_USAGE); + } + /* We want hash -r to be silent, but hash -- to print hashing info, so we test expunge_hash_table. */ + if (list == 0 && expunge_hash_table == 0) { opt = print_hashed_commands (list_portably); @@ -144,7 +152,7 @@ hash_builtin (WORD_LIST *list) /* If someone runs `hash -r -t xyz' he will be disappointed. */ if (list_targets) return (list_hashed_filename_targets (list, list_portably)); - + #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) if (restricted && pathname) { diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 9308b58c7..20b9591b9 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -5283,24 +5283,27 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the - --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. Assigning - to the PPAATTHH variable also clears all hashed filenames. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- - played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a - _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. + --pp option is supplied, hhaasshh uses _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e as the full filename + of the command. The --rr option causes the shell to forget all + remembered locations. Assigning to the PPAATTHH variable also + clears all hashed filenames. The --dd option causes the shell to + forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option + is supplied, the full pathname to which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is + printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are supplied with --tt, the + _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full pathname. The --ll option + causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as + input. If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, + information about remembered commands is printed. The --tt, --dd, + and --pp options (the options that act on the _n_a_m_e arguments) are + mutually exclusive. Only one will be active. If more than one + is supplied, --tt has higher priority than --pp, and both are higher + priority than --dd. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is + not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -5318,55 +5321,55 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not supplied and - HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the --aa,, --nn,, --rr,, and --ww options have + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not supplied and + HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the --aa,, --nn,, --rr,, and --ww options have no effect. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count - back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d - Delete the range of history entries between positions - _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values + Delete the range of history entries between positions + _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines ap- - pended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines ap- + pended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range - is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range + is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion sup- plied as an argument to --pp fails. jjoobbss [--llnnpprrss] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ] @@ -5374,15 +5377,15 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in @@ -5391,269 +5394,269 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op- tion is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function after + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function after the call to llooccaall are restored to their original values when the function returns. The restore is effected as if a series of sseett - commands were executed to restore the values that were in place - before the function. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + commands were executed to restore the values that were in place + before the function. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_- + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_- _r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num- - bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss. - With no arguments, ppooppdd removes the top directory from the + bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss. + With no arguments, ppooppdd removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup- plied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma- nipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For - example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For + example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the - _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change + If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the + _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppooppdd returns a non-zero value. - Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encoun- + Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encoun- tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory stack entry is specified. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the - final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is + If the ppooppdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the + final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is 0. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(3) format characters ccssnnddiioouuxxXXee-- EEffFFggGGaaAA, pprriinnttff interprets the following additional format spec- ifiers: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a - format that can be reused as shell input. %%qq and %%QQ use - the $$'''' quoting style if any characters in the argument - string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If - the format string uses the _p_r_i_n_t_f alternate form, these + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + format that can be reused as shell input. %%qq and %%QQ use + the $$'''' quoting style if any characters in the argument + string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If + the format string uses the _p_r_i_n_t_f alternate form, these two formats quote the argument string using single quotes. - %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_- + %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t before quoting it. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar- + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar- gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been - given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav- + given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav- ior. The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and precision arguments from the format specification and write that - many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar- - gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi- + many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar- + gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi- nal. The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is treated as a shell variable name. - The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier, + The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier, which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char- acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in terms of characters, not bytes. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return - value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup- + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup- plied or a write or assignment error occurs. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele- - ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele- + ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top After the stack has been modified, if the --nn option was not sup- - plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at + plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppuusshhdd returns a non-zero value. - Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless - the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory - stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a + Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless + the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory + stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-existent directory stack element is specified. - If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the + If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the final contents of the directory stack. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in- valid option is supplied. - rreeaadd [--EEeerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] + rreeaadd [--EEeerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de- + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de- scriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split into - words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first - word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the sec- - ond _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the + words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first + word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the sec- + ond _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into - words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de- - scribed above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de- + scribed above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char- - acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, + acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable _a_n_a_m_e, starting at 0. _a_n_a_m_e is unset before any - new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- + new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- nored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the in- - put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty - string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL + put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd - uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line. - Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing - was not previously active) editing settings, but uses + --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd + uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line. + Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing + was not previously active) editing settings, but uses readline's default filename completion. - --EE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd - uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line. - Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing - was not previously active) editing settings, but uses + --EE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd + uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line. + Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing + was not previously active) editing settings, but uses bash's default completion, including programmable comple- tion. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -5661,134 +5664,134 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re- - turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The - exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified - file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero - otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re- + turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The + exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified + file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero + otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. - If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de- - limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable - RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun- - tered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater than - 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read- + If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de- + limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable + RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun- + tered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater than + 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read- only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed ar- - rays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative ar- + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed ar- + rays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative ar- rays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If no - _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If rree-- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If rree-- ttuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de- - termine the status is the last command executed before the trap - handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last - command used to determine the status is the last command exe- - cuted by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If rreettuurrnn - is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by - the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing - that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last - command executed within the script as the exit status of the + termine the status is the last command executed before the trap + handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last + command used to determine the status is the last command exe- + cuted by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If rreettuurrnn + is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by + the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing + that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last + command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least signif- - icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is sup- - plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and - not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any command + icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is sup- + plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and + not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution re- sumes after the function or script. sseett [--aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...] sseett --oo - sseett ++oo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari- - able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re- + sseett ++oo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari- + able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re- setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot - be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The - output is sorted according to the current locale. When options - are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu- - ments remaining after option processing are treated as values + be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The + output is sorted according to the current locale. When options + are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu- + ments remaining after option processing are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $$11, - $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean- + $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean- ings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status. - The shell does not exit if the command that fails is - part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee - or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or - eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a - &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& + The shell does not exit if the command that fails is + part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee + or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or + eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a + &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a - compound command other than a subshell returns a non- - zero status because a command failed while --ee was being - ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if - set, is executed before the shell exits. This option + command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a + compound command other than a subshell returns a non- + zero status because a command failed while --ee was being + ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if + set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig- + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig- nored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -5796,10 +5799,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -5813,8 +5816,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command ``IG- - NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarrii-- + The effect is as if the shell command ``IG- + NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarrii-- aabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -5829,178 +5832,178 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. - If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints the - current shell option settings. If ++oo is supplied with - no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints a series of sseett commands to - recreate the current option settings on the standard + If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints the + current shell option settings. If ++oo is supplied with + no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints a series of sseett commands to + recreate the current option settings on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap- - pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap- + pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --rr Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un- set once it has been set. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub- - scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub- + scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command - and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to standard error. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex- - ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op- + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op- tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the - shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re- - turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- + shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re- + turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are un- - set. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. - If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are un- + set. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. + If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional param- - eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero + eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set; if _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output - is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op- + is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op- tions have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op- - tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op- + tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: aarrrraayy__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee - If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as- + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as- sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can - perform variable assignments, and while executing + perform variable assignments, and while executing builtins that perform array dereferencing. aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee Deprecated; a synonym for aarrrraayy__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee. - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command + second exit is attempted without an intervening command (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones ex- iting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the - values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by default. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows - easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is - enabled by default, but only has an effect if command + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows + easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is + enabled by default, but only has an effect if command history is enabled, as described above under HHIISSTTOORRYY. ccoommppaatt3311 ccoommppaatt3322 @@ -6010,122 +6013,122 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ccoommppaatt4433 ccoommppaatt4444 ccoommppaatt5500 - These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode + These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode (see SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE below). ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex- - pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex- + pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. - This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- - fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. + This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- + fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' - and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, + If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell - starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af- - ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers + starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af- + ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above). - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- - ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a de- - scription of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de- + ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a de- + scription of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de- fault. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- - parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se- - quence is not taken into account, so bb will not collate - between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se- + quence is not taken into account, so bb will not collate + between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbsskkiippddoottss - If set, pathname expansion will never match the file- + If set, pathname expansion will never match the file- names ````..'''' and ````....'''', even if the pattern begins with a ````..''''. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt @@ -6133,25 +6136,25 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named + If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell ex- its, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt @@ -6159,23 +6162,23 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This op- + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This op- tion is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. @@ -6186,54 +6189,54 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS tribute is not inherited. llooccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett - If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous - function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find - them unset until that function returns. This is identi- - cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the + If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous + function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find + them unset until that function returns. This is identi- + cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the current function scope. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not at- - tempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not at- + tempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnooeexxppaanndd__ttrraannssllaattiioonn - If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $"..." - quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If + If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $"..." + quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If the string is not translated, this has no effect. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt If set, bbaasshh expands occurrences of && in the replacement - string of pattern substitution to the text matched by - the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn + string of pattern substitution to the text matched by + the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn above. This option is enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp @@ -6242,70 +6245,70 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp__aalliiaass - If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh - treats a command name that doesn't have any completions - as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it - has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us- + If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh + treats a command name that doesn't have any completions + as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it + has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us- ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re- - moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re- + moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in re- - stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + The shell sets this option if it is started in re- + stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the .. (ssoouurrccee) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. vvaarrrreeddiirr__cclloossee - If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors + If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors assigned using the _{_v_a_r_n_a_m_e_} redirection syntax (see RREE-- - DDIIRREECCTTIIOONN above) instead of leaving them open when the + DDIIRREECCTTIIOONN above) instead of leaving them open when the command completes. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se- - quences by default. If the ppoossiixx shell option is also + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se- + quences by default. If the ppoossiixx shell option is also enabled, eecchhoo does not interpret any options. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT - signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled, - cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this - and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the - shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and --ff is + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled, + cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this + and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the + shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and --ff is not supplied. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, - listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de- - pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de- + pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -6322,161 +6325,161 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining - arguments. the two-argument test using the second and - third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and - the fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two- - argument test of the second and third arguments. Other- + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + arguments. the two-argument test using the second and + third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and + the fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two- + argument test of the second and third arguments. Other- wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. If the shell is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, when used with tteesstt or [[, the - << and >> operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. - When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, these operators sort using the + << and >> operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. + When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, these operators sort using the current locale. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_c_t_i_o_n] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] The _a_c_t_i_o_n is a command that is read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_c_t_i_o_n is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_c_t_i_o_n is the null string the signal specified by - each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in- + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_c_t_i_o_n is the null string the signal specified by + each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in- vokes. - If no arguments are supplied, ttrraapp displays the actions associ- + If no arguments are supplied, ttrraapp displays the actions associ- ated with each trapped signal as a set of ttrraapp commands that can - be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi- - tions. If --pp is given, and _a_c_t_i_o_n is not present, then ttrraapp - displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none + be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi- + tions. If --pp is given, and _a_c_t_i_o_n is not present, then ttrraapp + displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of ttrraapp commands - that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal - dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays - only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re- - quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options to - ttrraapp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub- - stitution) and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to - change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par- + that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal + dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays + only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re- + quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options to + ttrraapp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub- + stitution) and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to + change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par- ent's traps. - The --ll option causes ttrraapp to print a list of signal names and - their corresponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal - name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names + The --ll option causes ttrraapp to print a list of signal names and + their corresponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal + name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the first command executes in - a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the de- - scription of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for de- - tails of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, - the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed each time a shell function or a - script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes execut- + a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the de- + scription of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for de- + tails of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, + the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed each time a shell function or a + script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes execut- ing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) op- tion. When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not - being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell - or subshell environment when one is created. The return status + being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell + or subshell environment when one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttrruuee Does nothing, returns a 0 status. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is - not found, then nothing is printed, and ttyyppee returns a non-zero - exit status. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the - name of the executable file that would be found by searching - $$PPAATTHH if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if - ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a - PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is + not found, then nothing is printed, and ttyyppee returns a non-zero + exit status. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + name of the executable file that would be found by searching + $$PPAATTHH if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if + ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a + PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed - value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in - PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places - that contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, re- - served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op- + value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in + PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places + that contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, re- + served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op- tions (--pp and --PP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe- - cutable files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed com- + cutable files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed com- mands when using --aa with --pp, and only performs a PPAATTHH search for - _n_a_m_e. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with - the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments + _n_a_m_e. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with + the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] --aa uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] [--bbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPRRTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re- - spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re- + spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. - When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and - unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op- + When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and + unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op- tions are interpreted as follows: --aa All current limits are reported; no limits are set --bb The maximum socket buffer size --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -6485,134 +6488,134 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals - --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before + --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, in microseconds --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, - which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and - --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and - --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 - unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, + which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and + --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and + --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 + unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. - Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. + Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00, BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS, BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD, BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL, BBAASSHHPPIIDD, - CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- - NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are + CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- + NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- only or may not be unset. wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [--pp _v_a_r_n_a_m_e] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running - background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running + background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if its process id is the same as $$!!, and the return status is zero. - If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from + If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from the list of _i_ds or, if no _i_ds are supplied, any job, to complete - and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments + and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the - shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If - the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the - job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the - variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable - will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful - only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option, - when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- + shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If + the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the + job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the + variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable + will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful + only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option, + when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it - changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, - the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by a signal, - the return status will be greater than 128, as described under - SSIIGGNNAALLSS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status + changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, + the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by a signal, + the return status will be greater than 128, as described under + SSIIGGNNAALLSS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE - Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci- - fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, - ccoommppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibil- - ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility - level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver- - sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate - scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a + Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci- + fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, + ccoommppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibil- + ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility + level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver- + sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate + scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solution. - This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- - lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the - regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, + This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- + lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the + regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions). - If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other - compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility - level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior - that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been - present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale- - based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier + If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other + compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility + level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior + that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been + present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale- + based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling ccoommppaatt3322 will enable - ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi- - cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility - levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to + ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi- + cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility + levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to find out the current behavior. - Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as- + Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as- signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte- - ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com- + ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com- patibility level. - Starting with bash-4.4, bbaasshh has begun deprecating older compatibility - levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM-- + Starting with bash-4.4, bbaasshh has begun deprecating older compatibility + levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM-- PPAATT. - Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual - shopt option for the previous version. Users should use BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT on + Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual + shopt option for the previous version. Users should use BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT on bash-5.0 and later versions. - The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each + The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each compatibility level setting. The ccoommppaatt_N_N tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility level to _N_N using one of the following mecha- - nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be - set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and - later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re- + nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be + set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and + later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re- quired for bash-5.1 and later versions. ccoommppaatt3311 @@ -6620,114 +6623,114 @@ SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE ator (=~) has no special effect ccoommppaatt3322 - +o interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes - the execution of the next command in the list (in - bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re- - ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a + +o interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes + the execution of the next command in the list (in + bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re- + ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a list aborts the execution of the entire list) ccoommppaatt4400 - +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider + +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering. BBaasshh versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col- - lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current + lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4411 - +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still + +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre- tation 267) +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, the parser requires that an even number of - single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double- - quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so - that characters within the single quotes are considered + single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double- + quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so + that characters within the single quotes are considered quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221) ccoommppaatt4422 +o the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu- - tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver- + tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver- sions after bash-4.2 - +o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when - expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter - expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or - other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre- - tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not + +o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when + expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter + expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or + other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre- + tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not special within double-quoted word expansions ccoommppaatt4433 - +o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt - is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu- - ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later + +o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt + is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu- + ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions warn that this usage is deprecated - +o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors - that cause the current command to fail, even in posix - mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors + +o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors + that cause the current command to fail, even in posix + mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit) - +o when executing a shell function, the loop state + +o when executing a shell function, the loop state (while/until/etc.) is not reset, so bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in that function will break or continue loops in the calling - context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre- + context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre- vent this ccoommppaatt4444 - +o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and - BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional + +o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and + BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled - +o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so - bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit. - Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the + +o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so + bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit. + Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the exit - +o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and + +o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and rreeaaddoonnllyy that set attributes continue to affect variables with the same name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in posix mode ccoommppaatt5500 - +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro- + +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro- duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility - level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method - from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran- - dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will + level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method + from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran- + dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0 - +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior - to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef- - fect, even when producing output that can be reused as - input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op- + +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior + to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef- + fect, even when producing output that can be reused as + input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op- tion is supplied. ccoommppaatt5511 - +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub- - scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar- - ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in + +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub- + scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar- + ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in previous versions. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd - +o setting or unsetting the values of SSHHEELLLL, PPAATTHH, HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, EENNVV, + +o setting or unsetting the values of SSHHEELLLL, PPAATTHH, HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, EENNVV, or BBAASSHH__EENNVV +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -6736,28 +6739,28 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command - +o turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sshhoopptt --uu rree-- + +o turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sshhoopptt --uu rree-- ssttrriicctteedd__sshheellll. These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE -- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/ http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode @@ -6775,10 +6778,10 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y - The default value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, the file in which bash saves the + The default value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, the file in which bash saves the command history _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -6792,15 +6795,15 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/ and _h_t_t_p_:_/_/_g_i_t_._s_a_v_a_n_- _n_a_h_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_c_g_i_t_/_b_a_s_h_._g_i_t_/_s_n_a_p_s_h_o_t_/_b_a_s_h_-_m_a_s_t_e_r_._t_a_r_._g_z. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -6811,7 +6814,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -6828,10 +6831,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -6840,4 +6843,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.3 2023 August 31 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.3 2023 September 13 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index b075bd3da..0f23d4806 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Thu Aug 31 15:47:46 EDT 2023 +.\" Last Change: Wed Sep 13 15:39:24 EDT 2023 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .\" avoid a warning about an undefined register .\" .if !rzY .nr zY 0 .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2023 August 31" "GNU Bash 5.3" +.TH BASH 1 "2023 September 13" "GNU Bash 5.3" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -9191,9 +9191,9 @@ the directories in and remembered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the .B \-p -option is supplied, no path search is performed, and +option is supplied, \fBhash\fP uses .I filename -is used as the full filename of the command. +as the full filename of the command. The .B \-r option causes the shell to forget all @@ -9212,6 +9212,11 @@ The option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only \fB\-l\fP is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed. +The \fB\-t\fP, \fB\-d\fP, and \fB\-p\fP options (the options that +act on the \fIname\fP arguments) are mutually exclusive. +Only one will be active. +If more than one is supplied, \fB\-t\fP has higher priority than +\fB\-p\fP, and both are higher priority than \fB\-d\fP. The return status is true unless a .I name is not found or an invalid option is supplied. diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index a9f3c6e76..e32020b58 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 31 August 2023). +Bash shell (version 5.3, 13 September 2023). - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 31 August 2023, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 13 September 2023, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3. Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 31 August 2023). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.3, 13 September 2023). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 31 August 2023, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 13 September 2023, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -3473,8 +3473,12 @@ standard. before the hashed full pathname. The '-l' option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only '-l' is supplied, information about - remembered commands is printed. The return status is zero unless a - NAME is not found or an invalid option is supplied. + remembered commands is printed. The '-t', '-d', and '-p' options + (the options that act on the NAME arguments) are mutually + exclusive. Only one will be active. If more than one is supplied, + '-t' has higher priority than '-p', and both are higher priority + than '-d'. The return status is zero unless a NAME is not found or + an invalid option is supplied. 'pwd' pwd [-LP] @@ -12104,7 +12108,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * :: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 11) * [: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 281) + (line 285) * alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11) * bg: Job Control Builtins. (line 7) @@ -12166,36 +12170,36 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * pushd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 69) * pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 218) + (line 222) * read: Bash Builtins. (line 514) * readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 617) * readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 228) + (line 232) * return: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 247) + (line 251) * set: The Set Builtin. (line 11) * shift: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 268) + (line 272) * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) * source: Bash Builtins. (line 626) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. (line 116) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 281) + (line 285) * times: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 383) + (line 387) * trap: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 389) + (line 393) * true: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 451) + (line 455) * type: Bash Builtins. (line 631) * typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 669) * ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 675) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 456) + (line 460) * unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 781) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 474) + (line 478) * wait: Job Control Builtins. (line 76) @@ -12869,138 +12873,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top890 -Node: Introduction2803 -Node: What is Bash?3016 -Node: What is a shell?4127 -Node: Definitions6662 -Node: Basic Shell Features9610 -Node: Shell Syntax10826 -Node: Shell Operation11849 -Node: Quoting13139 -Node: Escape Character14440 -Node: Single Quotes14922 -Node: Double Quotes15267 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16542 -Node: Locale Translation17851 -Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19159 -Node: Comments23273 -Node: Shell Commands23888 -Node: Reserved Words24823 -Node: Simple Commands25576 -Node: Pipelines26227 -Node: Lists29210 -Node: Compound Commands31002 -Node: Looping Constructs32011 -Node: Conditional Constructs34503 -Node: Command Grouping48988 -Node: Coprocesses50463 -Node: GNU Parallel53123 -Node: Shell Functions54037 -Node: Shell Parameters61919 -Node: Positional Parameters66304 -Node: Special Parameters67203 -Node: Shell Expansions70414 -Node: Brace Expansion72499 -Node: Tilde Expansion75230 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77848 -Node: Command Substitution96438 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion99899 -Node: Process Substitution100864 -Node: Word Splitting101981 -Node: Filename Expansion104026 -Node: Pattern Matching106956 -Node: Quote Removal111955 -Node: Redirections112247 -Node: Executing Commands121937 -Node: Simple Command Expansion122604 -Node: Command Search and Execution124711 -Node: Command Execution Environment127095 -Node: Environment130127 -Node: Exit Status131787 -Node: Signals133568 -Node: Shell Scripts137014 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands140038 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins142073 -Node: Bash Builtins165206 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior198142 -Node: The Set Builtin198484 -Node: The Shopt Builtin209455 -Node: Special Builtins225590 -Node: Shell Variables226566 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables227000 -Node: Bash Variables229101 -Node: Bash Features264157 -Node: Invoking Bash265167 -Node: Bash Startup Files271203 -Node: Interactive Shells276331 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?276739 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?277385 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior278197 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions281823 -Node: Shell Arithmetic286733 -Node: Aliases289691 -Node: Arrays292582 -Node: The Directory Stack299213 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins299994 -Node: Controlling the Prompt304251 -Node: The Restricted Shell307213 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode309820 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode325978 -Node: Job Control334219 -Node: Job Control Basics334676 -Node: Job Control Builtins339675 -Node: Job Control Variables345467 -Node: Command Line Editing346620 -Node: Introduction and Notation348288 -Node: Readline Interaction349908 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials351096 -Node: Readline Movement Commands352882 -Node: Readline Killing Commands353839 -Node: Readline Arguments355757 -Node: Searching356798 -Node: Readline Init File358981 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax360239 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs384261 -Node: Sample Init File388454 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands391575 -Node: Commands For Moving392776 -Node: Commands For History394824 -Node: Commands For Text399815 -Node: Commands For Killing403790 -Node: Numeric Arguments406491 -Node: Commands For Completion407627 -Node: Keyboard Macros411815 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands412500 -Node: Readline vi Mode418535 -Node: Programmable Completion419439 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins427216 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example438333 -Node: Using History Interactively443578 -Node: Bash History Facilities444259 -Node: Bash History Builtins447267 -Node: History Interaction452355 -Node: Event Designators456165 -Node: Word Designators457700 -Node: Modifiers459562 -Node: Installing Bash461367 -Node: Basic Installation462501 -Node: Compilers and Options466220 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures466958 -Node: Installation Names468647 -Node: Specifying the System Type470753 -Node: Sharing Defaults471467 -Node: Operation Controls472137 -Node: Optional Features473092 -Node: Reporting Bugs484308 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell485639 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License502494 -Node: Indexes527668 -Node: Builtin Index528119 -Node: Reserved Word Index535217 -Node: Variable Index537662 -Node: Function Index554793 -Node: Concept Index568511 +Node: Top896 +Node: Introduction2815 +Node: What is Bash?3028 +Node: What is a shell?4139 +Node: Definitions6674 +Node: Basic Shell Features9622 +Node: Shell Syntax10838 +Node: Shell Operation11861 +Node: Quoting13151 +Node: Escape Character14452 +Node: Single Quotes14934 +Node: Double Quotes15279 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16554 +Node: Locale Translation17863 +Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19171 +Node: Comments23285 +Node: Shell Commands23900 +Node: Reserved Words24835 +Node: Simple Commands25588 +Node: Pipelines26239 +Node: Lists29222 +Node: Compound Commands31014 +Node: Looping Constructs32023 +Node: Conditional Constructs34515 +Node: Command Grouping49000 +Node: Coprocesses50475 +Node: GNU Parallel53135 +Node: Shell Functions54049 +Node: Shell Parameters61931 +Node: Positional Parameters66316 +Node: Special Parameters67215 +Node: Shell Expansions70426 +Node: Brace Expansion72511 +Node: Tilde Expansion75242 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77860 +Node: Command Substitution96450 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion99911 +Node: Process Substitution100876 +Node: Word Splitting101993 +Node: Filename Expansion104038 +Node: Pattern Matching106968 +Node: Quote Removal111967 +Node: Redirections112259 +Node: Executing Commands121949 +Node: Simple Command Expansion122616 +Node: Command Search and Execution124723 +Node: Command Execution Environment127107 +Node: Environment130139 +Node: Exit Status131799 +Node: Signals133580 +Node: Shell Scripts137026 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands140050 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins142085 +Node: Bash Builtins165474 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior198410 +Node: The Set Builtin198752 +Node: The Shopt Builtin209723 +Node: Special Builtins225858 +Node: Shell Variables226834 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables227268 +Node: Bash Variables229369 +Node: Bash Features264425 +Node: Invoking Bash265435 +Node: Bash Startup Files271471 +Node: Interactive Shells276599 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?277007 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?277653 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior278465 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions282091 +Node: Shell Arithmetic287001 +Node: Aliases289959 +Node: Arrays292850 +Node: The Directory Stack299481 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins300262 +Node: Controlling the Prompt304519 +Node: The Restricted Shell307481 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode310088 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode326246 +Node: Job Control334487 +Node: Job Control Basics334944 +Node: Job Control Builtins339943 +Node: Job Control Variables345735 +Node: Command Line Editing346888 +Node: Introduction and Notation348556 +Node: Readline Interaction350176 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials351364 +Node: Readline Movement Commands353150 +Node: Readline Killing Commands354107 +Node: Readline Arguments356025 +Node: Searching357066 +Node: Readline Init File359249 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax360507 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs384529 +Node: Sample Init File388722 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands391843 +Node: Commands For Moving393044 +Node: Commands For History395092 +Node: Commands For Text400083 +Node: Commands For Killing404058 +Node: Numeric Arguments406759 +Node: Commands For Completion407895 +Node: Keyboard Macros412083 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands412768 +Node: Readline vi Mode418803 +Node: Programmable Completion419707 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins427484 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example438601 +Node: Using History Interactively443846 +Node: Bash History Facilities444527 +Node: Bash History Builtins447535 +Node: History Interaction452623 +Node: Event Designators456433 +Node: Word Designators457968 +Node: Modifiers459830 +Node: Installing Bash461635 +Node: Basic Installation462769 +Node: Compilers and Options466488 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures467226 +Node: Installation Names468915 +Node: Specifying the System Type471021 +Node: Sharing Defaults471735 +Node: Operation Controls472405 +Node: Optional Features473360 +Node: Reporting Bugs484576 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell485907 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License502762 +Node: Indexes527936 +Node: Builtin Index528387 +Node: Reserved Word Index535485 +Node: Variable Index537930 +Node: Function Index555061 +Node: Concept Index568779  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index db3381710..01f1d6f00 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 5da57de6b..f04925132 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{73} @xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins} @xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4} -@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{79} +@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{80} @xrdef{Shell Variables-title}{Shell Variables} @xrdef{Shell Variables-snt}{Chapter@tie 5} @xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-title}{Bourne Shell Variables} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 29c9dd852..eb1771fa9 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ \entry{readonly}{53}{\code {readonly}} \entry{return}{53}{\code {return}} \entry{shift}{53}{\code {shift}} -\entry{test}{53}{\code {test}} -\entry{[}{53}{\code {[}} +\entry{test}{54}{\code {test}} +\entry{[}{54}{\code {[}} \entry{times}{55}{\code {times}} \entry{trap}{55}{\code {trap}} \entry{true}{56}{\code {true}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index b71390447..792f7c8e2 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ \initial {:} \entry{\code {:}}{49} \initial {[} -\entry{\code {[}}{53} +\entry{\code {[}}{54} \initial {A} \entry{\code {alias}}{57} \initial {B} @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ \entry{\code {source}}{67} \entry{\code {suspend}}{121} \initial {T} -\entry{\code {test}}{53} +\entry{\code {test}}{54} \entry{\code {times}}{55} \entry{\code {trap}}{55} \entry{\code {true}}{56} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index 29e37b6ec..824199309 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ \entry{exit status}{45}{exit status} \entry{signal handling}{46}{signal handling} \entry{shell script}{47}{shell script} -\entry{special builtin}{79}{special builtin} +\entry{special builtin}{80}{special builtin} \entry{login shell}{96}{login shell} \entry{interactive shell}{96}{interactive shell} \entry{startup files}{96}{startup files} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index b4731a6a0..9cb152eec 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ \entry{shell, interactive}{97} \entry{signal}{4} \entry{signal handling}{46} -\entry{special builtin}{4, 79} +\entry{special builtin}{4, 80} \entry{startup files}{96} \entry{string translations}{7} \entry{suspending jobs}{118} diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 8664e1fbb..784e867ad 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 31 August 2023). +Bash shell (version 5.3, 13 September 2023). - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 31 August 2023, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 13 September 2023, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3. Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 31 August 2023). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.3, 13 September 2023). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 31 August 2023, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 13 September 2023, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -3474,8 +3474,12 @@ standard. before the hashed full pathname. The '-l' option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only '-l' is supplied, information about - remembered commands is printed. The return status is zero unless a - NAME is not found or an invalid option is supplied. + remembered commands is printed. The '-t', '-d', and '-p' options + (the options that act on the NAME arguments) are mutually + exclusive. Only one will be active. If more than one is supplied, + '-t' has higher priority than '-p', and both are higher priority + than '-d'. The return status is zero unless a NAME is not found or + an invalid option is supplied. 'pwd' pwd [-LP] @@ -12105,7 +12109,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * :: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 11) * [: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 281) + (line 285) * alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11) * bg: Job Control Builtins. (line 7) @@ -12167,36 +12171,36 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * pushd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 69) * pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 218) + (line 222) * read: Bash Builtins. (line 514) * readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 617) * readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 228) + (line 232) * return: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 247) + (line 251) * set: The Set Builtin. (line 11) * shift: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 268) + (line 272) * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) * source: Bash Builtins. (line 626) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. (line 116) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 281) + (line 285) * times: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 383) + (line 387) * trap: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 389) + (line 393) * true: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 451) + (line 455) * type: Bash Builtins. (line 631) * typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 669) * ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 675) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 456) + (line 460) * unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 781) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 474) + (line 478) * wait: Job Control Builtins. (line 76) @@ -12870,138 +12874,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top893 -Node: Introduction2809 -Node: What is Bash?3025 -Node: What is a shell?4139 -Node: Definitions6677 -Node: Basic Shell Features9628 -Node: Shell Syntax10847 -Node: Shell Operation11873 -Node: Quoting13166 -Node: Escape Character14470 -Node: Single Quotes14955 -Node: Double Quotes15303 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16581 -Node: Locale Translation17893 -Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19204 -Node: Comments23321 -Node: Shell Commands23939 -Node: Reserved Words24877 -Node: Simple Commands25633 -Node: Pipelines26287 -Node: Lists29273 -Node: Compound Commands31068 -Node: Looping Constructs32080 -Node: Conditional Constructs34575 -Node: Command Grouping49063 -Node: Coprocesses50541 -Node: GNU Parallel53204 -Node: Shell Functions54121 -Node: Shell Parameters62006 -Node: Positional Parameters66394 -Node: Special Parameters67296 -Node: Shell Expansions70510 -Node: Brace Expansion72598 -Node: Tilde Expansion75332 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77953 -Node: Command Substitution96546 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion100010 -Node: Process Substitution100978 -Node: Word Splitting102098 -Node: Filename Expansion104146 -Node: Pattern Matching107079 -Node: Quote Removal112081 -Node: Redirections112376 -Node: Executing Commands122069 -Node: Simple Command Expansion122739 -Node: Command Search and Execution124849 -Node: Command Execution Environment127236 -Node: Environment130271 -Node: Exit Status131934 -Node: Signals133718 -Node: Shell Scripts137167 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands140194 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins142232 -Node: Bash Builtins165368 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior198307 -Node: The Set Builtin198652 -Node: The Shopt Builtin209626 -Node: Special Builtins225764 -Node: Shell Variables226743 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables227180 -Node: Bash Variables229284 -Node: Bash Features264343 -Node: Invoking Bash265356 -Node: Bash Startup Files271395 -Node: Interactive Shells276526 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?276937 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?277586 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior278401 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions282030 -Node: Shell Arithmetic286943 -Node: Aliases289904 -Node: Arrays292798 -Node: The Directory Stack299432 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins300216 -Node: Controlling the Prompt304476 -Node: The Restricted Shell307441 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode310051 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode326212 -Node: Job Control334456 -Node: Job Control Basics334916 -Node: Job Control Builtins339918 -Node: Job Control Variables345713 -Node: Command Line Editing346869 -Node: Introduction and Notation348540 -Node: Readline Interaction350163 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials351354 -Node: Readline Movement Commands353143 -Node: Readline Killing Commands354103 -Node: Readline Arguments356024 -Node: Searching357068 -Node: Readline Init File359254 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax360515 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs384540 -Node: Sample Init File388736 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands391860 -Node: Commands For Moving393064 -Node: Commands For History395115 -Node: Commands For Text400109 -Node: Commands For Killing404087 -Node: Numeric Arguments406791 -Node: Commands For Completion407930 -Node: Keyboard Macros412121 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands412809 -Node: Readline vi Mode418847 -Node: Programmable Completion419754 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins427534 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example438654 -Node: Using History Interactively443902 -Node: Bash History Facilities444586 -Node: Bash History Builtins447597 -Node: History Interaction452688 -Node: Event Designators456501 -Node: Word Designators458039 -Node: Modifiers459904 -Node: Installing Bash461712 -Node: Basic Installation462849 -Node: Compilers and Options466571 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures467312 -Node: Installation Names469004 -Node: Specifying the System Type471113 -Node: Sharing Defaults471830 -Node: Operation Controls472503 -Node: Optional Features473461 -Node: Reporting Bugs484680 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell486014 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License502872 -Node: Indexes528049 -Node: Builtin Index528503 -Node: Reserved Word Index535604 -Node: Variable Index538052 -Node: Function Index555186 -Node: Concept Index568907 +Node: Top899 +Node: Introduction2821 +Node: What is Bash?3037 +Node: What is a shell?4151 +Node: Definitions6689 +Node: Basic Shell Features9640 +Node: Shell Syntax10859 +Node: Shell Operation11885 +Node: Quoting13178 +Node: Escape Character14482 +Node: Single Quotes14967 +Node: Double Quotes15315 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16593 +Node: Locale Translation17905 +Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19216 +Node: Comments23333 +Node: Shell Commands23951 +Node: Reserved Words24889 +Node: Simple Commands25645 +Node: Pipelines26299 +Node: Lists29285 +Node: Compound Commands31080 +Node: Looping Constructs32092 +Node: Conditional Constructs34587 +Node: Command Grouping49075 +Node: Coprocesses50553 +Node: GNU Parallel53216 +Node: Shell Functions54133 +Node: Shell Parameters62018 +Node: Positional Parameters66406 +Node: Special Parameters67308 +Node: Shell Expansions70522 +Node: Brace Expansion72610 +Node: Tilde Expansion75344 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77965 +Node: Command Substitution96558 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion100022 +Node: Process Substitution100990 +Node: Word Splitting102110 +Node: Filename Expansion104158 +Node: Pattern Matching107091 +Node: Quote Removal112093 +Node: Redirections112388 +Node: Executing Commands122081 +Node: Simple Command Expansion122751 +Node: Command Search and Execution124861 +Node: Command Execution Environment127248 +Node: Environment130283 +Node: Exit Status131946 +Node: Signals133730 +Node: Shell Scripts137179 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands140206 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins142244 +Node: Bash Builtins165636 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior198575 +Node: The Set Builtin198920 +Node: The Shopt Builtin209894 +Node: Special Builtins226032 +Node: Shell Variables227011 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables227448 +Node: Bash Variables229552 +Node: Bash Features264611 +Node: Invoking Bash265624 +Node: Bash Startup Files271663 +Node: Interactive Shells276794 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?277205 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?277854 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior278669 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions282298 +Node: Shell Arithmetic287211 +Node: Aliases290172 +Node: Arrays293066 +Node: The Directory Stack299700 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins300484 +Node: Controlling the Prompt304744 +Node: The Restricted Shell307709 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode310319 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode326480 +Node: Job Control334724 +Node: Job Control Basics335184 +Node: Job Control Builtins340186 +Node: Job Control Variables345981 +Node: Command Line Editing347137 +Node: Introduction and Notation348808 +Node: Readline Interaction350431 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials351622 +Node: Readline Movement Commands353411 +Node: Readline Killing Commands354371 +Node: Readline Arguments356292 +Node: Searching357336 +Node: Readline Init File359522 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax360783 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs384808 +Node: Sample Init File389004 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands392128 +Node: Commands For Moving393332 +Node: Commands For History395383 +Node: Commands For Text400377 +Node: Commands For Killing404355 +Node: Numeric Arguments407059 +Node: Commands For Completion408198 +Node: Keyboard Macros412389 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands413077 +Node: Readline vi Mode419115 +Node: Programmable Completion420022 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins427802 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example438922 +Node: Using History Interactively444170 +Node: Bash History Facilities444854 +Node: Bash History Builtins447865 +Node: History Interaction452956 +Node: Event Designators456769 +Node: Word Designators458307 +Node: Modifiers460172 +Node: Installing Bash461980 +Node: Basic Installation463117 +Node: Compilers and Options466839 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures467580 +Node: Installation Names469272 +Node: Specifying the System Type471381 +Node: Sharing Defaults472098 +Node: Operation Controls472771 +Node: Optional Features473729 +Node: Reporting Bugs484948 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell486282 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License503140 +Node: Indexes528317 +Node: Builtin Index528771 +Node: Reserved Word Index535872 +Node: Variable Index538320 +Node: Function Index555454 +Node: Concept Index569175  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log index 647700c20..67366cf72 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.log +++ b/doc/bashref.log @@ -1,11 +1,12 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021/MacPorts 2021.58693_0) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2021.8.30) 10 SEP 2023 17:14 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021/MacPorts 2021.58693_0) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2021.8.30) 13 SEP 2023 15:40 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. file:line:error style messages enabled. %&-line parsing enabled. -**\input /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230907/doc/bashref.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230907/doc/bashref.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230907/doc/texinfo.tex +**\input /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230911/doc/bashref.texi \input /usr/local/s +rc/bash/bash-20230911/doc/bashref.texi +(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230911/doc/bashref.texi +(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230911/doc/texinfo.tex Loading texinfo [version 2015-11-22.14]: \outerhsize=\dimen16 \outervsize=\dimen17 @@ -161,15 +162,15 @@ This is `epsf.tex' v2.7.4 <14 February 2011> texinfo.tex: doing @include of version.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230907/doc/version.texi) [1{/opt/local/var/db/texmf +(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230911/doc/version.texi) [1{/opt/local/var/db/texmf /fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] [2] -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230907/doc/bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230907/doc/bashref.toc) -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230907/doc/bashref.toc) Chapter 1 +(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230911/doc/bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] +(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230911/doc/bashref.toc) +(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230911/doc/bashref.toc) Chapter 1 \openout0 = `bashref.toc'. -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230907/doc/bashref.aux) +(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230911/doc/bashref.aux) \openout1 = `bashref.aux'. Chapter 2 [1] [2] @@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (5.95723pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 724--725 [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] -Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5407--5407 +Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5412--5412 []@texttt set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o @textttsl option-name@texttt ] [--] [ -] [@textttsl ar-gu-ment []@texttt ][] @@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5407--5407 .etc. -Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5408--5408 +Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5413--5413 []@texttt set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o @textttsl option-name@texttt ] [--] [ -] [@textttsl ar-gu-ment []@texttt ][] @@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5408--5408 [119] [120] texinfo.tex: doing @include of rluser.texi - (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230907/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi + (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230911/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132] Underfull \hbox (badness 7540) in paragraph at lines 878--884 @@ -311,10 +312,10 @@ gnored[] texinfo.tex: doing @include of hsuser.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230907/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9 +(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230911/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9 [158] [159] [160] [161] [162] [163]) Chapter 10 [164] [165] [166] [167] [168] -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9743--9752 +Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9748--9757 []@textrm All of the fol-low-ing op-tions ex-cept for `@texttt alt-array-implem entation[]@textrm '[], @@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ entation[]@textrm '[], .etc. -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9743--9752 +Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9748--9757 @textrm `@texttt disabled-builtins[]@textrm '[], `@texttt direxpand-default[]@t extrm '[], `@texttt strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[], and @@ -343,17 +344,17 @@ extrm '[], `@texttt strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[], and [178] [179] Appendix C [180] texinfo.tex: doing @include of fdl.texi - (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230907/doc/fdl.texi + (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230911/doc/fdl.texi [181] [182] [183] [184] [185] [186] [187]) Appendix D [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] [196] [197] ) Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: 4104 strings out of 497086 47614 string characters out of 6206517 - 142215 words of memory out of 5000000 + 142185 words of memory out of 5000000 4869 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 34315 words of font info for 116 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 51 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 - 16i,6n,16p,331b,983s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s + 16i,6n,16p,389b,983s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s {/opt/local/share/texmf-texlive/font s/enc/dvips/cm-super/cm-super-t1.enc} -Output written on bashref.pdf (203 pages, 813794 bytes). +Output written on bashref.pdf (203 pages, 813912 bytes). PDF statistics: - 2825 PDF objects out of 2984 (max. 8388607) - 2575 compressed objects within 26 object streams + 2824 PDF objects out of 2984 (max. 8388607) + 2574 compressed objects within 26 object streams 331 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) 1157 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) diff --git a/doc/bashref.pdf b/doc/bashref.pdf index 3435bf0dc..1623257f7 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.pdf and b/doc/bashref.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index 52dedbaa1..dd143de39 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -4105,6 +4105,11 @@ The @option{-l} option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only @option{-l} is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed. +The @option{-t}, @option{-d}, and @option{-p} options (the options that +act on the @var{name} arguments) are mutually exclusive. +Only one will be active. +If more than one is supplied, @option{-t} has higher priority than +@option{-p}, and both are higher priority than @option{-d}. The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not found or an invalid option is supplied. diff --git a/doc/bashref.toc b/doc/bashref.toc index aa3ebda1b..0a6895001 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.toc +++ b/doc/bashref.toc @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ @numsecentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4.3}{Modifying Shell Behavior}{69} @numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{69} @numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{73} -@numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{79} +@numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{80} @numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{81} @numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{81} @numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{81} diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0 index adcd6ee63..2a6f02bb4 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.0 +++ b/doc/builtins.0 @@ -724,24 +724,27 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the - --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. Assigning - to the PPAATTHH variable also clears all hashed filenames. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- - played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a - _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. + --pp option is supplied, hhaasshh uses _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e as the full filename + of the command. The --rr option causes the shell to forget all + remembered locations. Assigning to the PPAATTHH variable also + clears all hashed filenames. The --dd option causes the shell to + forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option + is supplied, the full pathname to which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is + printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are supplied with --tt, the + _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full pathname. The --ll option + causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as + input. If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, + information about remembered commands is printed. The --tt, --dd, + and --pp options (the options that act on the _n_a_m_e arguments) are + mutually exclusive. Only one will be active. If more than one + is supplied, --tt has higher priority than --pp, and both are higher + priority than --dd. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is + not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -759,55 +762,55 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not supplied and - HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the --aa,, --nn,, --rr,, and --ww options have + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not supplied and + HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the --aa,, --nn,, --rr,, and --ww options have no effect. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count - back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d - Delete the range of history entries between positions - _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values + Delete the range of history entries between positions + _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines ap- - pended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines ap- + pended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range - is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range + is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion sup- plied as an argument to --pp fails. jjoobbss [--llnnpprrss] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ] @@ -815,15 +818,15 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in @@ -832,269 +835,269 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op- tion is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function after + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function after the call to llooccaall are restored to their original values when the function returns. The restore is effected as if a series of sseett - commands were executed to restore the values that were in place - before the function. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + commands were executed to restore the values that were in place + before the function. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_- + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_- _r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num- - bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss. - With no arguments, ppooppdd removes the top directory from the + bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss. + With no arguments, ppooppdd removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup- plied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma- nipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For - example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For + example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the - _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change + If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the + _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppooppdd returns a non-zero value. - Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encoun- + Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encoun- tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory stack entry is specified. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the - final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is + If the ppooppdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the + final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is 0. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(3) format characters ccssnnddiioouuxxXXee-- EEffFFggGGaaAA, pprriinnttff interprets the following additional format spec- ifiers: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a - format that can be reused as shell input. %%qq and %%QQ use - the $$'''' quoting style if any characters in the argument - string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If - the format string uses the _p_r_i_n_t_f alternate form, these + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + format that can be reused as shell input. %%qq and %%QQ use + the $$'''' quoting style if any characters in the argument + string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If + the format string uses the _p_r_i_n_t_f alternate form, these two formats quote the argument string using single quotes. - %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_- + %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t before quoting it. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar- + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar- gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been - given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav- + given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav- ior. The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and precision arguments from the format specification and write that - many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar- - gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi- + many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar- + gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi- nal. The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is treated as a shell variable name. - The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier, + The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier, which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char- acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in terms of characters, not bytes. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return - value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup- + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup- plied or a write or assignment error occurs. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele- - ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele- + ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top After the stack has been modified, if the --nn option was not sup- - plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at + plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppuusshhdd returns a non-zero value. - Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless - the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory - stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a + Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless + the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory + stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-existent directory stack element is specified. - If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the + If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the final contents of the directory stack. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in- valid option is supplied. - rreeaadd [--EEeerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] + rreeaadd [--EEeerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de- + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de- scriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split into - words as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the + words as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into - words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de- + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de- scribed in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash charac- - ter (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next + ter (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next character read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable _a_n_a_m_e, starting at 0. _a_n_a_m_e is unset before any - new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- + new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- nored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the in- - put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty - string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL + put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd - uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) to obtain the - line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line - editing was not previously active) editing settings, but + --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd + uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) to obtain the + line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line + editing was not previously active) editing settings, but uses readline's default filename completion. - --EE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd - uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) to obtain the - line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line - editing was not previously active) editing settings, but - uses bash's default completion, including programmable + --EE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd + uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) to obtain the + line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line + editing was not previously active) editing settings, but + uses bash's default completion, including programmable completion. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -1102,134 +1105,134 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re- - turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The - exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified - file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero - otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re- + turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The + exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified + file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero + otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. - If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de- - limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable - RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun- - tered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater than - 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read- + If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de- + limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable + RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun- + tered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater than + 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read- only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed ar- - rays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative ar- + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed ar- + rays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative ar- rays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If no - _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If rree-- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If rree-- ttuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de- - termine the status is the last command executed before the trap - handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last - command used to determine the status is the last command exe- - cuted by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If rreettuurrnn - is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by - the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing - that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last - command executed within the script as the exit status of the + termine the status is the last command executed before the trap + handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last + command used to determine the status is the last command exe- + cuted by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If rreettuurrnn + is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by + the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing + that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last + command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least signif- - icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is sup- - plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and - not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any command + icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is sup- + plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and + not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution re- sumes after the function or script. sseett [--aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...] sseett --oo - sseett ++oo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari- - able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re- + sseett ++oo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari- + able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re- setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot - be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The - output is sorted according to the current locale. When options - are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu- - ments remaining after option processing are treated as values + be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The + output is sorted according to the current locale. When options + are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu- + ments remaining after option processing are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $$11, - $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean- + $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean- ings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)), exits with a non-zero - status. The shell does not exit if the command that - fails is part of the command list immediately following + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)), exits with a non-zero + status. The shell does not exit if the command that + fails is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the - iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed - in a &&&& or |||| list except the command following the fi- + iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed + in a &&&& or |||| list except the command following the fi- nal &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or - if the command's return value is being inverted with !!. - If a compound command other than a subshell returns a - non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was - being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, + if the command's return value is being inverted with !!. + If a compound command other than a subshell returns a + non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was + being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)), and may cause subshells to exit before execut- ing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). All processes - run in a separate process group. When a background job - completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). All processes + run in a separate process group. When a background job + completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit status. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig- + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig- nored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -1237,10 +1240,10 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -1250,12 +1253,12 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhaasshhaallll Same as --hh. hhiisstteexxppaanndd Same as --HH. - hhiissttoorryy Enable command history, as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) - under HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in + hhiissttoorryy Enable command history, as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) + under HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in interactive shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command ``IG- - NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarrii-- + The effect is as if the shell command ``IG- + NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarrii-- aabblleess in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -1270,179 +1273,179 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO - in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) for a reference to a document that + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. - If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints the - current shell option settings. If ++oo is supplied with - no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints a series of sseett commands to - recreate the current option settings on the standard + If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints the + current shell option settings. If ++oo is supplied with + no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints a series of sseett commands to + recreate the current option settings on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap- - pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they ap- + pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --rr Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un- set once it has been set. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub- - scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub- + scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command - and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to standard error. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex- - ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op- + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op- tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the - shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re- - turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- + shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re- + turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are un- - set. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. - If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are un- + set. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. + If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional param- - eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero + eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set; if _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output - is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op- + is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op- tions have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op- - tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op- + tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: aarrrraayy__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee - If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as- + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as- sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can - perform variable assignments, and while executing + perform variable assignments, and while executing builtins that perform array dereferencing. aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee Deprecated; a synonym for aarrrraayy__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee. - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). The shell always post- + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). The shell always post- pones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the - values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by default. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows - easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is - enabled by default, but only has an effect if command - history is enabled, as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under HHIISS-- + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows + easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is + enabled by default, but only has an effect if command + history is enabled, as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under HHIISS-- TTOORRYY. ccoommppaatt3311 ccoommppaatt3322 @@ -1452,122 +1455,122 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ccoommppaatt4433 ccoommppaatt4444 ccoommppaatt5500 - These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode + These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode (see SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex- - pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex- + pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. - This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- - fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. + This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- + fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' - and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess If set, aliases are expanded as described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) un- - der AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for in- + der AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for in- teractive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, + If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell - starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af- - ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers + starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af- + ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- - ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de- + ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) for a + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de- fault. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing - comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating - sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- - late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case + comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating + sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- + late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbsskkiippddoottss - If set, pathname expansion will never match the file- + If set, pathname expansion will never match the file- names ````..'''' and ````....'''', even if the pattern begins with a ````..''''. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt @@ -1575,25 +1578,25 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named + If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell ex- its, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE in + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt @@ -1601,23 +1604,23 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. @@ -1628,126 +1631,126 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS tribute is not inherited. llooccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett - If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous - function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find - them unset until that function returns. This is identi- - cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the + If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous + function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find + them unset until that function returns. This is identi- + cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the current function scope. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not at- - tempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not at- + tempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnooeexxppaanndd__ttrraannssllaattiioonn - If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $"..." - quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If + If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $"..." + quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If the string is not translated, this has no effect. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) to expand to a null + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt If set, bbaasshh expands occurrences of && in the replacement - string of pattern substitution to the text matched by - the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn in + string of pattern substitution to the text matched by + the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn in _b_a_s_h_(_1_). This option is enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- - ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) are enabled. This op- + ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) are enabled. This op- tion is enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp__aalliiaass - If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh - treats a command name that doesn't have any completions - as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it - has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us- + If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh + treats a command name that doesn't have any completions + as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it + has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us- ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re- - moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG in + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re- + moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG in _b_a_s_h_(_1_). This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in re- - stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). The - value may not be changed. This is not reset when the - startup files are executed, allowing the startup files + The shell sets this option if it is started in re- + stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). The + value may not be changed. This is not reset when the + startup files are executed, allowing the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the .. (ssoouurrccee) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. vvaarrrreeddiirr__cclloossee - If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors + If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors assigned using the _{_v_a_r_n_a_m_e_} redirection syntax (see RREE-- - DDIIRREECCTTIIOONN in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) instead of leaving them open when + DDIIRREECCTTIIOONN in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)) instead of leaving them open when the command completes. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se- - quences by default. If the ppoossiixx shell option is also + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se- + quences by default. If the ppoossiixx shell option is also enabled, eecchhoo does not interpret any options. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT - signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled, - cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this - and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the - shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and --ff is + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled, + cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this + and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the + shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and --ff is not supplied. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESS-- + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESS-- SSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, - listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de- - pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de- + pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -1764,161 +1767,161 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed in - _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed in + _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional - operators listed in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESS-- - SSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the - binary test using the first and third arguments as oper- - ands. The --aa and --oo operators are considered binary op- + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + operators listed in _b_a_s_h_(_1_) under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESS-- + SSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the + binary test using the first and third arguments as oper- + ands. The --aa and --oo operators are considered binary op- erators when there are three arguments. If the first ar- - gument is !!, the value is the negation of the two-argu- - ment test using the second and third arguments. If the + gument is !!, the value is the negation of the two-argu- + ment test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is ex- - actly )), the result is the one-argument test of the sec- + actly )), the result is the one-argument test of the sec- ond argument. Otherwise, the expression is false. 4 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining - arguments. the two-argument test using the second and - third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and - the fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two- - argument test of the second and third arguments. Other- + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + arguments. the two-argument test using the second and + third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and + the fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two- + argument test of the second and third arguments. Other- wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. If the shell is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, when used with tteesstt or [[, the - << and >> operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. - When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, these operators sort using the + << and >> operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. + When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, these operators sort using the current locale. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_c_t_i_o_n] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] The _a_c_t_i_o_n is a command that is read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_c_t_i_o_n is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_c_t_i_o_n is the null string the signal specified by - each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in- + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_c_t_i_o_n is the null string the signal specified by + each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in- vokes. - If no arguments are supplied, ttrraapp displays the actions associ- + If no arguments are supplied, ttrraapp displays the actions associ- ated with each trapped signal as a set of ttrraapp commands that can - be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi- - tions. If --pp is given, and _a_c_t_i_o_n is not present, then ttrraapp - displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none + be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi- + tions. If --pp is given, and _a_c_t_i_o_n is not present, then ttrraapp + displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of ttrraapp commands - that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal - dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays - only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re- - quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options to - ttrraapp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub- - stitution) and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to - change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par- + that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal + dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays + only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re- + quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options to + ttrraapp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub- + stitution) and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to + change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par- ent's traps. - The --ll option causes ttrraapp to print a list of signal names and - their corresponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal - name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names + The --ll option causes ttrraapp to print a list of signal names and + their corresponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal + name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the first command executes in - a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). Refer to the - description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for de- - tails of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, - the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed each time a shell function or a - script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes execut- + a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR in _b_a_s_h_(_1_)). Refer to the + description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for de- + tails of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, + the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed each time a shell function or a + script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes execut- ing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) op- tion. When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not - being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell - or subshell environment when one is created. The return status + being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell + or subshell environment when one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttrruuee Does nothing, returns a 0 status. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is - not found, then nothing is printed, and ttyyppee returns a non-zero - exit status. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the - name of the executable file that would be found by searching - $$PPAATTHH if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if - ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a - PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is + not found, then nothing is printed, and ttyyppee returns a non-zero + exit status. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + name of the executable file that would be found by searching + $$PPAATTHH if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if + ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a + PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed - value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in - PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places - that contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, re- - served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op- + value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in + PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places + that contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, re- + served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op- tions (--pp and --PP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe- - cutable files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed com- + cutable files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed com- mands when using --aa with --pp, and only performs a PPAATTHH search for - _n_a_m_e. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with - the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments + _n_a_m_e. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with + the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] --aa uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] [--bbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPRRTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re- - spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re- + spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. - When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and - unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op- + When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and + unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op- tions are interpreted as follows: --aa All current limits are reported; no limits are set --bb The maximum socket buffer size --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -1927,134 +1930,134 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals - --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before + --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, in microseconds --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, - which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and - --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and - --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 - unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, + which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and + --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and + --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 + unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. - Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. + Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00, BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS, BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD, BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL, BBAASSHHPPIIDD, - CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- - NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are + CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- + NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- only or may not be unset. wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [--pp _v_a_r_n_a_m_e] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running - background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running + background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if its process id is the same as $$!!, and the return status is zero. - If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from + If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from the list of _i_ds or, if no _i_ds are supplied, any job, to complete - and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments + and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the - shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If - the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the - job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the - variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable - will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful - only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option, - when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- + shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If + the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the + job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the + variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable + will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful + only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option, + when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it - changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, - the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by a signal, - the return status will be greater than 128, as described under - SSIIGGNNAALLSS in _b_a_s_h_(_1_). Otherwise, the return status is the exit + changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, + the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by a signal, + the return status will be greater than 128, as described under + SSIIGGNNAALLSS in _b_a_s_h_(_1_). Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE - Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci- - fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, - ccoommppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibil- - ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility - level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver- - sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate - scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a + Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci- + fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, + ccoommppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibil- + ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility + level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver- + sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate + scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solution. - This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- - lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the - regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, + This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- + lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the + regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions). - If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other - compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility - level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior - that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been - present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale- - based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier + If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other + compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility + level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior + that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been + present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale- + based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling ccoommppaatt3322 will enable - ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi- - cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility - levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to + ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi- + cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility + levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to find out the current behavior. - Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as- + Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as- signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte- - ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com- + ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com- patibility level. - Starting with bash-4.4, bbaasshh has begun deprecating older compatibility - levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM-- + Starting with bash-4.4, bbaasshh has begun deprecating older compatibility + levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM-- PPAATT. - Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual - shopt option for the previous version. Users should use BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT on + Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual + shopt option for the previous version. Users should use BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT on bash-5.0 and later versions. - The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each + The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each compatibility level setting. The ccoommppaatt_N_N tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility level to _N_N using one of the following mecha- - nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be - set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and - later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re- + nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be + set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and + later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re- quired for bash-5.1 and later versions. ccoommppaatt3311 @@ -2062,85 +2065,85 @@ SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE ator (=~) has no special effect ccoommppaatt3322 - +o interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes - the execution of the next command in the list (in - bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re- - ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a + +o interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes + the execution of the next command in the list (in + bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re- + ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a list aborts the execution of the entire list) ccoommppaatt4400 - +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider + +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering. BBaasshh versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col- - lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current + lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4411 - +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still + +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre- tation 267) +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, the parser requires that an even number of - single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double- - quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so - that characters within the single quotes are considered + single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double- + quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so + that characters within the single quotes are considered quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221) ccoommppaatt4422 +o the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu- - tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver- + tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver- sions after bash-4.2 - +o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when - expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter - expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or - other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre- - tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not + +o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when + expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter + expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or + other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre- + tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not special within double-quoted word expansions ccoommppaatt4433 - +o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt - is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu- - ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later + +o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt + is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu- + ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions warn that this usage is deprecated - +o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors - that cause the current command to fail, even in posix - mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors + +o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors + that cause the current command to fail, even in posix + mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit) - +o when executing a shell function, the loop state + +o when executing a shell function, the loop state (while/until/etc.) is not reset, so bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in that function will break or continue loops in the calling - context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre- + context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre- vent this ccoommppaatt4444 - +o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and - BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional + +o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and + BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled - +o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so - bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit. - Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the + +o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so + bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit. + Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the exit - +o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and + +o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and rreeaaddoonnllyy that set attributes continue to affect variables with the same name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in posix mode ccoommppaatt5500 - +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro- + +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro- duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility - level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method - from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran- - dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will + level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method + from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran- + dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0 - +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior - to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef- - fect, even when producing output that can be reused as - input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op- + +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior + to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef- + fect, even when producing output that can be reused as + input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op- tion is supplied. ccoommppaatt5511 - +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub- - scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar- - ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in + +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub- + scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar- + ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in previous versions. SSEEEE AALLSSOO diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index 10d299dfd..391187988 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Thu Aug 31 15:48:06 EDT 2023 +@set LASTCHANGE Wed Sep 13 15:38:31 EDT 2023 @set EDITION 5.3 @set VERSION 5.3 -@set UPDATED 31 August 2023 -@set UPDATED-MONTH August 2023 +@set UPDATED 13 September 2023 +@set UPDATED-MONTH September 2023 diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c index 2c99493bc..d54fa7f0a 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.c +++ b/execute_cmd.c @@ -3942,7 +3942,7 @@ execute_cond_node (COND_COM *cond) if (varop) oa = set_expand_once (0, 0); /* no-op for compatibility levels <= 51 */ #endif - result = unary_test (cond->op->word, arg1, varflag) ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE; + result = cond_test (cond->op->word, arg1, NULL, varflag); #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) if (varop) array_expand_once = oa; @@ -4022,9 +4022,7 @@ execute_cond_node (COND_COM *cond) #endif /* COND_REGEXP */ { extended_glob = 1; - result = binary_test (cond->op->word, arg1, arg2, TEST_PATMATCH|TEST_ARITHEXP|TEST_LOCALE) - ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS - : EXECUTION_FAILURE; + result = cond_test (cond->op->word, arg1, arg2, TEST_PATMATCH|TEST_ARITHEXP|TEST_LOCALE); extended_glob = extglob_flag; } if (arg1 != nullstr) diff --git a/hashcmd.c b/hashcmd.c index ebb923469..62e080be7 100644 --- a/hashcmd.c +++ b/hashcmd.c @@ -66,9 +66,12 @@ phash_remove (const char *filename) { register BUCKET_CONTENTS *item; - if (hashing_enabled == 0 || hashed_filenames == 0) + if (hashing_enabled == 0) return 0; + if (hashed_filenames == 0) + return 1; + item = hash_remove (filename, hashed_filenames, 0); if (item) { diff --git a/test.c b/test.c index aa01926c5..ba08ad395 100644 --- a/test.c +++ b/test.c @@ -118,6 +118,9 @@ static void test_syntax_error (char *, char *) __attribute__((__noreturn__)); static void beyond (void) __attribute__((__noreturn__)); static void integer_expected_error (char *) __attribute__((__noreturn__)); +static int unary_test (char *, char *, int); +static int binary_test (char *, char *, char *, int); + static int unary_operator (void); static int binary_operator (void); static int two_arguments (void); @@ -376,7 +379,7 @@ patcomp (char *string, char *pat, int op) return ((op == EQ) ? (m == 0) : (m != 0)); } -int +static int binary_test (char *op, char *arg1, char *arg2, int flags) { int patmatch; @@ -509,7 +512,7 @@ unary_operator (void) return (unary_test (op, argv[pos - 1], 0)); } -int +static int unary_test (char *op, char *arg, int flags) { intmax_t r; @@ -857,6 +860,23 @@ posixtest (void) return (value); } +#if defined (COND_COMMAND) +int +cond_test (char *op, char *arg1, char *arg2, int flags) +{ + int code, ret; + + code = setjmp_nosigs (test_exit_buf); + + if (code) + return (test_error_return); + + ret = arg2 ? binary_test (op, arg1, arg2, flags) : unary_test (op, arg1, flags); + + return (ret ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE); +} +#endif + /* * [: * '[' expr ']' diff --git a/test.h b/test.h index 2a8168926..b3937db81 100644 --- a/test.h +++ b/test.h @@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ extern int test_unop (char *); extern int test_binop (char *); -extern int unary_test (char *, char *, int); -extern int binary_test (char *, char *, char *, int); +extern int cond_test (char *, char *, char *, int); extern int test_command (int, char **); diff --git a/tests/cond.right b/tests/cond.right index 6369aa66a..1b0e8c743 100644 --- a/tests/cond.right +++ b/tests/cond.right @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ returns: 0 returns: 0 returns: 1 returns: 0 +./cond.tests: line 65: [[: X: integer expected +returns: 2 returns: 0 returns: 1 returns: 1 @@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ returns: 0 returns: 1 returns: 1 returns: 0 -./cond.tests: line 122: [[: 4+: arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "+") +./cond.tests: line 126: [[: 4+: arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "+") returns: 1 returns: 0 returns: 0 diff --git a/tests/cond.tests b/tests/cond.tests index c0747e981..020be32b2 100644 --- a/tests/cond.tests +++ b/tests/cond.tests @@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ echo returns: $? [[ -z $UNSET ]] echo returns: $? +# need to handle test syntax errors and longjmp +[[ -t X ]] +echo returns: $? + # the ==/= and != operators do pattern matching [[ $TDIR == /usr/homes/* ]] echo returns: $?