From: Chet Ramey Date: Tue, 2 Aug 2022 15:16:48 +0000 (-0400) Subject: parse extended glob patterns in command substitutions in compatibility mode, even... X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=9c317a6ae12aae38feac73bf98e13f7756b15e9c;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git parse extended glob patterns in command substitutions in compatibility mode, even if extglob is not set --- diff --git a/COMPAT b/COMPAT index 091371cd2..9fda7fb8f 100644 --- a/COMPAT +++ b/COMPAT @@ -579,7 +579,14 @@ compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT) - the ${param[:]=value} word expansion will return VALUE, before any variable-specific transformations have been performed (e.g., converting to lowercase). Bash-5.2 will return the final value - assigned to the variable, as POSIX specifies + assigned to the variable, as POSIX specifies; + - Parsing command substitutions will act as if extended glob is + enabled, so that parsing a command substitution containing an extglob + pattern (say, as part of a shell function) will not fail. This + assumes the intent is to enable extglob before the command is + executed and word expansions are performed. It will fail at word + expansion time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the + command is executed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 8d6e8f9d9..83446766e 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -3821,3 +3821,27 @@ subst.c ---- [bash-5.2-rc2 frozen] + + 7/27 + ---- +parse.y + - reset_parser: set need_here_doc, esacs_needed_count, expecting_in_token + all to 0, since jumping back to a top-level parse needs that + - parse_comsub: make sure to reset expand_aliases and shell_eof_token + if we're not going to exit immediately out of this function + + 7/28 + ---- +parse.y + - parse_comsub: if the compatibility level is <= 51, set extglob while + parsing the command substitution, so bad pattern errors can still be + caught but valid patterns are let through and can be evaluated at + runtime, when extglob may have been set. If it isn't set, it will + still be a parser error when the command substitution is executed. + Fixes report from Sam James about gentoo scripts. + - reset_parser: set extended_glob from global_extglob if the parser + state includes PST_CMDSUBST + - xparse_dolparen: set global_extglob but don't modify extended_glob, + so parse errors can be caught before forking a child for command + substitution, as part of word expansion, but after extglob may have + been set by command execution (e.g., in a shell function) diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL index 75b4acebc..3572df07a 100644 --- a/INSTALL +++ b/INSTALL @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ the Bash 'configure' recognizes. '--with-libintl-prefix[=PREFIX]' Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of - the libintl library instead ofthe version in 'lib/intl'. + the libintl library instead of the version in 'lib/intl'. '--with-libiconv-prefix[=PREFIX]' Define this to make Bash look for libiconv in PREFIX instead of the diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in index 1a4f37b66..0b4df73a7 100644 --- a/Makefile.in +++ b/Makefile.in @@ -176,7 +176,8 @@ GCC_LINT_FLAGS = -O -Wall -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -Wno-parentheses -Wcast-align -Wstrict-prototypes -Wconversion -Wformat \ -Wformat-nonliteral -Wmissing-braces -Wuninitialized \ -Wmissing-declarations -Winline \ - -Wmissing-prototypes -Wtraditional -Wredundant-decls -pedantic + -Wmissing-prototypes -Wtraditional -Wredundant-decls \ + -Wformat-security -pedantic GCC_LINT_CFLAGS = $(BASE_CCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(GCC_LINT_FLAGS) @@ -615,7 +616,7 @@ strip: $(Program) .made -$(SIZE) $(Program) lint: - ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} CFLAGS='${GCC_LINT_FLAGS}' .made + ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} ADDON_CFLAGS='${GCC_LINT_FLAGS}' .made asan: ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} ADDON_CFLAGS='${ASAN_XCFLAGS}' ADDON_LDFLAGS='${ASAN_XLDFLAGS}' .made diff --git a/POSIX b/POSIX index 3fd3c8828..10d29672e 100644 --- a/POSIX +++ b/POSIX @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 60. The 'printf' builting uses 'double' (via 'strtod') to convert + 60. The 'printf' builtin uses 'double' (via 'strtod') to convert arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers, instead of 'long double' if it's available. The 'L' length modifier forces 'printf' to use 'long double' if it's available. diff --git a/README b/README index 84549fd4a..90d0be5bf 100644 --- a/README +++ b/README @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ version 3 of the License (or any later version). For more information, see the file COPYING. A number of frequently-asked questions are answered in the file -`doc/FAQ'. +`doc/FAQ'. (That file is no longer updated.) To compile Bash, type `./configure', then `make'. Bash auto-configures the build process, so no further intervention should be necessary. Bash @@ -94,12 +94,13 @@ Other Packages This distribution includes, in examples/bash-completion, a recent version of the `bash-completion' package, which provides programmable completions for a number of commands. It's available as a package in many distributions, -and that is the first place from which to obtain it. If it's not a package -from your vendor, you may install the included version. +and that is the first place from which to obtain it. The latest version of bash-completion is always available from https://github.com/scop/bash-completion. +If it's not a package from your vendor, you may install the included version. + Enjoy! Chet Ramey diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 5f6e08302..91da00dc4 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -2154,6 +2154,12 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN !!((_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t)) Matches anything except one of the given patterns + Theeexxttgglloobb option changes the behavior of the parser, since the paren- + theses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. To + ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure + that eexxttgglloobb is enabled before parsing constructs containing the pat- + terns, including shell functions and command substitutions. + When matching filenames, the ddoottgglloobb shell option determines the set of filenames that are tested: when ddoottgglloobb is enabled, the set of file- names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..'' @@ -6650,4 +6656,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.2 2022 June 16 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.2 2022 July 29 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 5d6edc8c5..db08f6355 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Thu Jun 16 17:10:54 EDT 2022 +.\" Last Change: Fri Jul 29 08:59:32 EDT 2022 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2022 June 16" "GNU Bash 5.2" +.TH BASH 1 "2022 July 29" "GNU Bash 5.2" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -3984,6 +3984,12 @@ Matches anything except one of the given patterns .RE .PD .PP +The\fBextglob\fP option changes the behavior of the parser, since the +parentheses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. +To ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure +that \fBextglob\fP is enabled before parsing constructs containing the +patterns, including shell functions and command substitutions. +.PP When matching filenames, the \fBdotglob\fP shell option determines the set of filenames that are tested: when \fBdotglob\fP is enabled, the set of filenames includes all files diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 1b9468311..7935c71d3 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2022 June 3BASH(1) +BASH(1)2022 July 29BASH(1)

Index @@ -1112,24 +1112,28 @@ The return value is the exit status of the last command in list that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
select name [ in word ] ; do list ; done
The list of words following in is expanded, generating a list -of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard +of items, and the set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If the in word is omitted, the positional parameters are printed (see PARAMETERS -below). The +below). +select + +then displays the PS3 -prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input. +prompt and reads a line from the standard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then the value of name -is set to that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt -are displayed again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any -other value read causes +is set to that word. +If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again. +If EOF is read, the select command completes and returns 1. +Any other value read causes name to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable @@ -4990,6 +4994,13 @@ Matches anything except one of the given patterns

+Theextglob option changes the behavior of the parser, since the +parentheses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. +To ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure +that extglob is enabled before parsing constructs containing the +patterns, including shell functions and command substitutions. +

+ When matching filenames, the dotglob shell option determines the set of filenames that are tested: when dotglob is enabled, the set of filenames includes all files @@ -10217,7 +10228,9 @@ If any of -D, -E, or -I are supplied, any other specified by the option.

The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion -is attempted is described above under Programmable Completion. +is attempted is described + +above under Programmable Completion.

Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The arguments to the -G, -W, and -X options @@ -10388,6 +10401,7 @@ Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as -v.

-C command
command is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. +Arguments are passed as with the -F option.
-F function
The shell function function is executed in the current shell environment. @@ -10556,6 +10570,7 @@ to give variables attributes: Each name is an indexed array variable (see Arrays + above).
-A @@ -10563,6 +10578,7 @@ above). Each name is an associative array variable (see Arrays + above).
-f @@ -10575,7 +10591,9 @@ The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION -above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. + +above) +is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
-l
@@ -10650,7 +10668,9 @@ an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see Arrays -above), one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, + +above), +one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -f. @@ -11619,6 +11639,7 @@ is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION + above). If the last arg @@ -11995,7 +12016,10 @@ invalid option is supplied.
read [-ers] [-a aname] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor fd supplied as an argument to the -u option, -split into words as described above under Word Splitting, +split into words as described + +above +under Word Splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first name, @@ -12015,7 +12039,10 @@ The characters in are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell -uses for expansion (described above under Word Splitting). +uses for expansion (described + +above +under Word Splitting). The backslash character (\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next character read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: @@ -12052,7 +12079,9 @@ is coming from a terminal, READLINE -above) is used to obtain the line. + +above) +is used to obtain the line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings, but uses Readline's default filename completion.
-i text @@ -12278,7 +12307,9 @@ or a compound command SHELL GRAMMAR -above), exits with a non-zero status. + +above), +exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a while @@ -12314,7 +12345,9 @@ separately (see COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT -above), and may cause + +above), +and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.

@@ -12352,6 +12385,7 @@ it (see JOB CONTROL + above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job completes, the shell prints a line @@ -12423,7 +12457,10 @@ Same as

history
-Enable command history, as described above under +Enable command history, as described + +above +under HISTORY. @@ -12438,6 +12475,7 @@ had been executed (see Shell Variables + above).
keyword @@ -12516,7 +12554,9 @@ See SEE ALSO -below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects + +below +for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
privileged @@ -12637,7 +12677,9 @@ or associated word list. The shell performs brace expansion (see Brace Expansion -above). This is on by default. + +above). +This is on by default.
-C
@@ -12888,8 +12930,9 @@ intervening command (see JOB CONTROL -above). The shell always -postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. + +above). +The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
checkwinsize
@@ -12913,7 +12956,10 @@ attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is enabled by default, but only has an effect if command -history is enabled, as described above under +history is enabled, as described + +above +under HISTORY. @@ -12948,6 +12994,7 @@ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode SHELL COMPATIBILITY MODE + below).
complete_fullquote @@ -13024,7 +13071,10 @@ fails.
expand_aliases
-If set, aliases are expanded as described above under +If set, aliases are expanded as described + +above +under ALIASES. @@ -13067,7 +13117,9 @@ and BASH_ARGV -are updated as described in their descriptions above. +are updated as described in their descriptions + +above).
5.
@@ -13085,7 +13137,10 @@ subshells invoked with ( command ) inherit the
extglob
-If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under +If set, the extended pattern matching features described + +above +under Pathname Expansion are enabled.
extquote @@ -13110,7 +13165,9 @@ cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possible completions. See SHELL VARIABLES -above for a description of + +above +for a description of FIGNORE. @@ -13122,7 +13179,9 @@ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching bracket expressions (see Pattern Matching -above) behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing + +above) +behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating sequence is not taken into account, so b @@ -13199,6 +13258,7 @@ under READLINE + above). This is enabled by default.
huponexit @@ -13226,7 +13286,9 @@ line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see COMMENTS -above). This option is enabled by default. + +above). +This option is enabled by default.
lastpipe
@@ -13260,6 +13322,7 @@ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (see INVOCATION + above). The value may not be changed.
mailwarn @@ -13293,6 +13356,7 @@ matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see Pathname Expansion + above).
nocasematch @@ -13323,6 +13387,7 @@ allows patterns which match no files (see Pathname Expansion + above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
patsub_replacement @@ -13331,13 +13396,18 @@ to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. If set, bash expands occurrences of & in the replacement string of pattern substitution to the text matched by the pattern, as described -under Parameter Expansion above. +under Parameter Expansion + +above. This option is enabled by default.
progcomp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see -Programmable Completion above) are enabled. +Programmable Completion + +above) +are enabled. This option is enabled by default.
progcomp_alias @@ -13355,7 +13425,9 @@ expansion, and quote removal after being expanded as described in PROMPTING -above. This option is enabled by default. + +above. +This option is enabled by default.
restricted_shell
@@ -13364,6 +13436,7 @@ The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode RESTRICTED SHELL + below). The value may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing @@ -13394,7 +13467,9 @@ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors assigned using the REDIRECTION -above) instead of leaving them open when the command completes. + +above) +instead of leaving them open when the command completes.
xpg_echo
@@ -13428,8 +13503,10 @@ the evaluation of the conditional expression expr. Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. -Expressions are composed of the primaries described above under +Expressions are composed of the primaries described +above +under CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS. @@ -13491,7 +13568,9 @@ The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !, the expression is true if and only if the second argument is null. -If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators listed above +If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators listed + +above under CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS, @@ -13501,7 +13580,9 @@ If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed. -If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above +If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed + +above under CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS, @@ -13631,6 +13712,7 @@ command, and before the first command executes in a shell function (see SHELL GRAMMAR + above). Refer to the description of the extdebug option to the shopt builtin for details of its effect on the DEBUG trap. @@ -14148,8 +14230,14 @@ its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If id -specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is -127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last +specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is 127. +If wait is interrupted by a signal, the return status will be greater +than 128, as described under +SIGNALS + + +above. +Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for.   @@ -14177,7 +14265,7 @@ behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solution. This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, which is -default behavior in bash-3.2 and above). +default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).

If a user enables, say, compat32, it may affect the behavior of other @@ -14693,7 +14781,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.

-
GNU Bash 5.22022 June 3BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.22022 July 29BASH(1)
@@ -14799,7 +14887,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
BUGS
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220609/doc/bash.1.
-Time: 13 June 2022 11:04:39 EDT +This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220727/doc/bash.1.
+Time: 29 July 2022 09:05:42 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index b5f05d1c5..514cbea96 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.2, 3 June 2022). +Bash shell (version 5.2, 29 July 2022). - This is Edition 5.2, last updated 3 June 2022, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 29 July 2022, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.2, 3 June 2022). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.2, 29 July 2022). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.2, last updated 3 June 2022, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 29 July 2022, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -2489,6 +2489,12 @@ the following sub-patterns: '!(PATTERN-LIST)' Matches anything except one of the given patterns. + The 'extglob' option changes the behavior of the parser, since the +parentheses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. +To ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make +sure that 'extglob' is enabled before parsing constructs containing the +patterns, including shell functions and command substitutions. + When matching filenames, the 'dotglob' shell option determines the set of filenames that are tested: when 'dotglob' is enabled, the set of filenames includes all files beginning with '.', but the filenames '.' @@ -7254,7 +7260,7 @@ startup files. 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 60. The 'printf' builting uses 'double' (via 'strtod') to convert + 60. The 'printf' builtin uses 'double' (via 'strtod') to convert arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers, instead of 'long double' if it's available. The 'L' length modifier forces 'printf' to use 'long double' if it's available. @@ -7430,6 +7436,14 @@ required for bash-5.1 and later versions. before any variable-specific transformations have been performed (e.g., converting to lowercase). Bash-5.2 will return the final value assigned to the variable. + * Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended glob + (*note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, so that parsing a + command substitution containing an extglob pattern (say, as + part of a shell function) will not fail. This assumes the + intent is to enable extglob before the command is executed and + word expansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion + time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the command is + executed.  File: bash.info, Node: Job Control, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: Bash Features, Up: Top @@ -7636,7 +7650,7 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, Pre assignment. This is useful only when the '-n' option is supplied. Supplying the '-f' option, when job control is enabled, forces 'wait' to wait for each PID or JOBSPEC to terminate before - returning its status, intead of returning when it changes status. + returning its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If neither JOBSPEC nor PID specifies an active child process of the shell, the return status is 127. If 'wait' is interrupted by a signal, the return status will be greater than 128, as described @@ -10630,7 +10644,7 @@ the Bash 'configure' recognizes. '--with-libintl-prefix[=PREFIX]' Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of - the libintl library instead ofthe version in 'lib/intl'. + the libintl library instead of the version in 'lib/intl'. '--with-libiconv-prefix[=PREFIX]' Define this to make Bash look for libiconv in PREFIX instead of the @@ -12512,138 +12526,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top884 -Node: Introduction2791 -Node: What is Bash?3004 -Node: What is a shell?4115 -Node: Definitions6650 -Node: Basic Shell Features9598 -Node: Shell Syntax10814 -Node: Shell Operation11837 -Node: Quoting13127 -Node: Escape Character14428 -Node: Single Quotes14910 -Node: Double Quotes15255 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16530 -Node: Locale Translation17837 -Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19145 -Node: Comments23259 -Node: Shell Commands23874 -Node: Reserved Words24809 -Node: Simple Commands25562 -Node: Pipelines26213 -Node: Lists29209 -Node: Compound Commands31001 -Node: Looping Constructs32010 -Node: Conditional Constructs34502 -Node: Command Grouping48987 -Node: Coprocesses50462 -Node: GNU Parallel53122 -Node: Shell Functions54036 -Node: Shell Parameters61918 -Node: Positional Parameters66303 -Node: Special Parameters67202 -Node: Shell Expansions70413 -Node: Brace Expansion72537 -Node: Tilde Expansion75268 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77886 -Node: Command Substitution96234 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion97586 -Node: Process Substitution98551 -Node: Word Splitting99668 -Node: Filename Expansion101609 -Node: Pattern Matching104355 -Node: Quote Removal109009 -Node: Redirections109301 -Node: Executing Commands118958 -Node: Simple Command Expansion119625 -Node: Command Search and Execution121732 -Node: Command Execution Environment124107 -Node: Environment127139 -Node: Exit Status128799 -Node: Signals130580 -Node: Shell Scripts134026 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands137050 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins139085 -Node: Bash Builtins160543 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior191396 -Node: The Set Builtin191738 -Node: The Shopt Builtin202336 -Node: Special Builtins218245 -Node: Shell Variables219221 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables219655 -Node: Bash Variables221756 -Node: Bash Features254569 -Node: Invoking Bash255579 -Node: Bash Startup Files261589 -Node: Interactive Shells266717 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?267124 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?267770 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior268582 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions272208 -Node: Shell Arithmetic276847 -Node: Aliases279788 -Node: Arrays282398 -Node: The Directory Stack288786 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins289567 -Node: Controlling the Prompt293824 -Node: The Restricted Shell296786 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode299393 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode311314 -Node: Job Control319354 -Node: Job Control Basics319811 -Node: Job Control Builtins324810 -Node: Job Control Variables330601 -Node: Command Line Editing331754 -Node: Introduction and Notation333422 -Node: Readline Interaction335042 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials336230 -Node: Readline Movement Commands338010 -Node: Readline Killing Commands338967 -Node: Readline Arguments340882 -Node: Searching341923 -Node: Readline Init File344106 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax345364 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs368560 -Node: Sample Init File372753 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands375874 -Node: Commands For Moving377075 -Node: Commands For History379123 -Node: Commands For Text384114 -Node: Commands For Killing387760 -Node: Numeric Arguments390790 -Node: Commands For Completion391926 -Node: Keyboard Macros396114 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands396798 -Node: Readline vi Mode402734 -Node: Programmable Completion403638 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins411415 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example422164 -Node: Using History Interactively427408 -Node: Bash History Facilities428089 -Node: Bash History Builtins431091 -Node: History Interaction436096 -Node: Event Designators439713 -Node: Word Designators441064 -Node: Modifiers442821 -Node: Installing Bash444629 -Node: Basic Installation445763 -Node: Compilers and Options449482 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures450220 -Node: Installation Names451910 -Node: Specifying the System Type454016 -Node: Sharing Defaults454729 -Node: Operation Controls455399 -Node: Optional Features456354 -Node: Reporting Bugs467569 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell468841 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License485688 -Node: Indexes510862 -Node: Builtin Index511313 -Node: Reserved Word Index518137 -Node: Variable Index520582 -Node: Function Index537353 -Node: Concept Index551134 +Node: Top886 +Node: Introduction2795 +Node: What is Bash?3008 +Node: What is a shell?4119 +Node: Definitions6654 +Node: Basic Shell Features9602 +Node: Shell Syntax10818 +Node: Shell Operation11841 +Node: Quoting13131 +Node: Escape Character14432 +Node: Single Quotes14914 +Node: Double Quotes15259 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16534 +Node: Locale Translation17841 +Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19149 +Node: Comments23263 +Node: Shell Commands23878 +Node: Reserved Words24813 +Node: Simple Commands25566 +Node: Pipelines26217 +Node: Lists29213 +Node: Compound Commands31005 +Node: Looping Constructs32014 +Node: Conditional Constructs34506 +Node: Command Grouping48991 +Node: Coprocesses50466 +Node: GNU Parallel53126 +Node: Shell Functions54040 +Node: Shell Parameters61922 +Node: Positional Parameters66307 +Node: Special Parameters67206 +Node: Shell Expansions70417 +Node: Brace Expansion72541 +Node: Tilde Expansion75272 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77890 +Node: Command Substitution96238 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion97590 +Node: Process Substitution98555 +Node: Word Splitting99672 +Node: Filename Expansion101613 +Node: Pattern Matching104359 +Node: Quote Removal109358 +Node: Redirections109650 +Node: Executing Commands119307 +Node: Simple Command Expansion119974 +Node: Command Search and Execution122081 +Node: Command Execution Environment124456 +Node: Environment127488 +Node: Exit Status129148 +Node: Signals130929 +Node: Shell Scripts134375 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands137399 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins139434 +Node: Bash Builtins160892 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior191745 +Node: The Set Builtin192087 +Node: The Shopt Builtin202685 +Node: Special Builtins218594 +Node: Shell Variables219570 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables220004 +Node: Bash Variables222105 +Node: Bash Features254918 +Node: Invoking Bash255928 +Node: Bash Startup Files261938 +Node: Interactive Shells267066 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?267473 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?268119 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior268931 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions272557 +Node: Shell Arithmetic277196 +Node: Aliases280137 +Node: Arrays282747 +Node: The Directory Stack289135 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins289916 +Node: Controlling the Prompt294173 +Node: The Restricted Shell297135 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode299742 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode311662 +Node: Job Control320220 +Node: Job Control Basics320677 +Node: Job Control Builtins325676 +Node: Job Control Variables331468 +Node: Command Line Editing332621 +Node: Introduction and Notation334289 +Node: Readline Interaction335909 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials337097 +Node: Readline Movement Commands338877 +Node: Readline Killing Commands339834 +Node: Readline Arguments341749 +Node: Searching342790 +Node: Readline Init File344973 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax346231 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs369427 +Node: Sample Init File373620 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands376741 +Node: Commands For Moving377942 +Node: Commands For History379990 +Node: Commands For Text384981 +Node: Commands For Killing388627 +Node: Numeric Arguments391657 +Node: Commands For Completion392793 +Node: Keyboard Macros396981 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands397665 +Node: Readline vi Mode403601 +Node: Programmable Completion404505 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins412282 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example423031 +Node: Using History Interactively428275 +Node: Bash History Facilities428956 +Node: Bash History Builtins431958 +Node: History Interaction436963 +Node: Event Designators440580 +Node: Word Designators441931 +Node: Modifiers443688 +Node: Installing Bash445496 +Node: Basic Installation446630 +Node: Compilers and Options450349 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures451087 +Node: Installation Names452777 +Node: Specifying the System Type454883 +Node: Sharing Defaults455596 +Node: Operation Controls456266 +Node: Optional Features457221 +Node: Reporting Bugs468437 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell469709 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License486556 +Node: Indexes511730 +Node: Builtin Index512181 +Node: Reserved Word Index519005 +Node: Variable Index521450 +Node: Function Index538221 +Node: Concept Index552002  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 76109d7a0..4e67c6e45 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 888910243..72f9c1067 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 13 11:04:34 2022 +%%CreationDate: Fri Jul 29 09:05:32 2022 %%DocumentNeededResources: font 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If)108 650.4 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .978 +(output before the standard output w)108 674.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 691.2 Q F0 .598(handles se) +3.098 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F +3.099(ya)-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) +-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 703.2 R .978 +(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .977 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 662.4 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 679.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 691.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E -(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 703.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(29)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 715.2 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(29)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 -96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)A F0(If)180 96 Q +F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G +(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 108 +Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de) +144 132 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 144 Q +F1(/de)144 156 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +168 Q F1(/de)144 180 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If) +180 192 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 204 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +216 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 228 Q F2(host) +2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 -(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F -(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +256.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 273.6 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046 +(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F +(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 285.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +302.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2 +108 314.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 326.4 Q F2 (n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 343.2 Q([)144 360 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 376.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 -R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +108 388.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 400.8 +R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 -.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F -(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 364.8 Q +.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F +(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 412.8 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 429.6 Q([)144 446.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 475.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 487.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +499.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 +516 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 528 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 540 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0 -.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 -504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0 +.455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108 +552 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 602.4 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 614.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +626.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 643.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 660 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 672 Q F1(>&)144 684 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 700.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) -2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q -F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(30)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 717.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(30)198.165 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) --.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ -utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ -scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) -108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E -F0(.).77 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .114 +(When using the second form,)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.614 +E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td) +-2.614 G .115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 +96 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 124.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +136.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -124.8 Q F1(&>>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 158.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(>>)144 175.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 -192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ -ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +153.6 Q F2(&>>)144 170.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 187.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(>>)144 204 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +220.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E +F2(Her)87 237.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ +irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ +l a line containing only)108 249.6 R F1(delimiter)108.35 261.6 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) -A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 -319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 273.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F1(n)A F0(]) +A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 319.2 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 331.2 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +348 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 -331.2 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 --.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 -(is quoted, the)3.651 F F2(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 +360 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 +-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 +(is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 (is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) --2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 1.194 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 -(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\) -2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) -C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ - the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5(.T).73 -G(his allo)-5 E +-2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 372 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 384 R 1.194 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194 +(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 396 Q F2(\\)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +(If the redirection operator is)108 412.8 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 424.8 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 +(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q -F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S -1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 441.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 453.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 470.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 487.2 Q +F1(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 499.2 S +1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 511.2 R .374(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) -108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E -F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +108 523.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E +F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 540 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +552 Q([)144 568.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 585.6 R(If)5.127 E +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q -(The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R -(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F2(wor)3.406 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ -a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)3.543 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F13.203 E F0 -3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F2(n)3.563 E F0 .703 -(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F2(n)3.204 E F0 -.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F2(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E -.966(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +597.6 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 609.6 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 621.6 Q +(The operator)108 638.4 Q([)144 655.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 672 R(If) +5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 684 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F1(wor)3.406 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, a\ + redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 696 R F1(wor)3.544 E +(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F23.204 E F0 +3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.203 E F0 +.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F1(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E +.965(not e)108 708 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(31)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-3.466 F(pre)108 720 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(31)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4068,19 +4078,19 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 -(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F2(digit)3.017 E F0 .517 -(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F2(n)3.377 E F0 3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt) --3.017 G .518(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F2 -(n)3.018 E F0 .518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 +(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F2(digit)3.018 E F0 .518 +(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F2(n)3.378 E F0 3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt) +-3.018 G .517(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F2 +(n)3.017 E F0 .517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 192 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F2 -(digit)2.768 E F0 .268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F2(n)3.128 E F0 -2.768(,o).24 G 2.768(rt)-2.768 G .267 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F2(n)2.767 E F0 -.267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F2 +(digit)2.767 E F0 .267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F2(n)3.127 E F0 +2.767(,o).24 G 2.767(rt)-2.767 G .268 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F F2(n)2.768 E F0 +.268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -4090,99 +4100,99 @@ A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 <6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E (xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q -F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674 -(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674 +(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 403.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) --3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 403.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) +-3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .741 +(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742 (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .741 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E -.742(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 460.8 Q -F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283(Aliases are not e)108 -477.6 R .283(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 -.282(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 460.8 Q +F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 +477.6 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 +.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 (one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 518.4 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059 -(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.075(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 +1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.074(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G -.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 -(The commands follo)5.337 F .338 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 +and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G +.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 566.4 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) -3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-) --.15 E .425(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ -unction is e)108 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 -(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-) +-.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ +unction is e)108 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 +(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.) 108 590.4 R .403 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F --.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) 108 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1 (alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 614.4 Q -.15 (Fo)108 631.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.468(As)108 660 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.467(As)108 660 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 672 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 672 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.658(The special parameter)108 720 -R F1(#)4.158 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.158 F -1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.659(is unchanged.) -4.159 F 1.659(The \214rst)6.659 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(32)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.659(The special parameter)108 720 +R F1(#)4.159 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.159 F +1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.658(is unchanged.) +4.158 F 1.658(The \214rst)6.658 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29) +149.005 E(32)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4194,20 +4204,20 @@ BP -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 100.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 112.8 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.714 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL) -.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 112.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 148.8 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 148.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 (shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 177.6 S .368 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) @@ -4218,112 +4228,112 @@ F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F2(local)2.88 E F0(,)A(the v)108 201.6 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \ restricted to that function and its children \(including the functions \ -it calls\).)-2.5 E .726(In the follo)108 218.4 R .726 -(wing description, the)-.25 F F3(curr)3.226 E .726(ent scope)-.37 F F0 -.727(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .727(cuting function.).15 -F(Pre)5.727 E .727(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.004(of that function') -108 230.4 R 3.504(sc)-.55 G 1.004 +it calls\).)-2.5 E .727(In the follo)108 218.4 R .727 +(wing description, the)-.25 F F3(curr)3.227 E .727(ent scope)-.37 F F0 +.726(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .726(cuting function.).15 +F(Pre)5.726 E .726(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.003(of that function') +108 230.4 R 3.503(sc)-.55 G 1.004 (aller and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not e) --3.504 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.003(cuting an).15 F 3.503(ys)-.15 G(hell) --3.503 E 3.409(function. Consequently)108 242.4 R 3.409(,al)-.65 G .909 -(ocal v)-3.409 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .91 -(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F2(local)3.41 E F0(or)3.41 E F2(de-) -3.41 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +-3.503 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.004(cuting an).15 F 3.504(ys)-.15 G(hell) +-3.504 E 3.41(function. Consequently)108 242.4 R 3.41(,al)-.65 G .91 +(ocal v)-3.41 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .909 +(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F2(local)3.409 E F0(or)3.409 E F2 +(de-)3.409 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins in the function that is currently e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.) -.15 E .636(Local v)108 271.2 R .636(ariables "shado)-.25 F .636(w" v) --.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .635 -(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.635 G 3.135(ri).15 G .635 -(nstance, a local)-3.135 F -.25(va)108 283.2 S .58 -(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .581 -(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .183 -(to the local v)108 295.2 R .183(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 -(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .182 +.15 E .635(Local v)108 271.2 R .635(ariables "shado)-.25 F .635(w" v) +-.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .636 +(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.636 G 3.136(ri).15 G .636 +(nstance, a local)-3.136 F -.25(va)108 283.2 S .581 +(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .58 +(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .182 +(to the local v)108 295.2 R .182(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 +(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .183 (When the function returns, the global v)5.183 F(ariable)-.25 E -(is once ag)108 307.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .726(The shell uses)108 324 -R F3 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F -(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 -F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 336 R -.008(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 +(is once ag)108 307.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .727(The shell uses)108 324 +R F3 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F +(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 +F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 336 R +.007(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) -108 348 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 360 Q -2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) +108 348 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 360 Q +2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) 108 372 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -388.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F3(func1) -2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F3(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 -(calls another function)2.724 F F3(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 -(references to)108 400.8 R F3(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 -F F3(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) --2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.963 E F0(from) -2.963 E F3(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F +388.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 +(calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 +(references to)108 400.8 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from) +2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F (y)-.15 E(global v)108 412.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 429.6 Q F2(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 -(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 +(The)108 429.6 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 441.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 3.324(av)108 453.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\ +-5.19 E 3.325(av)108 453.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\ unset, it will remain so \(appearing as unset\) until it is reset in t\ -hat)-3.574 F 1.142(scope or until the function returns.)108 465.6 R +hat)-3.575 F 1.141(scope or until the function returns.)108 465.6 R 1.141(Once the function returns, an)6.141 F 3.641(yi)-.15 G 1.141 -(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.141(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.976(scope will become visible.)108 477.6 R .976 -(If the unset acts on a v)5.976 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .977 -(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.477(yi)-.15 G .977(nstance of a v)-3.477 F -(ariable)-.25 E .008(with that name that had been shado)108 489.6 R .007 -(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.507(wh)-.25 G .507 -.25 -(ow t)-2.507 H(he).25 E F2(localv)2.507 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .007 -(shell option)2.507 F(changes this beha)108 501.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) -108 518.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.142(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E +.977(scope will become visible.)108 477.6 R .976 +(If the unset acts on a v)5.977 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .976 +(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.476(yi)-.15 G .976(nstance of a v)-3.476 F +(ariable)-.25 E .007(with that name that had been shado)108 489.6 R .008 +(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.508(wh)-.25 G .508 -.25 +(ow t)-2.508 H(he).25 E F2(localv)2.508 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .008 +(shell option)2.508 F(changes this beha)108 501.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) +108 518.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 547.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 547.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 559.2 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 559.2 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 571.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 571.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 583.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 600 R F2 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 612 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.046(\214le and line number)108 624 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G +.047(\214le and line number)108 624 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G (he)-2.546 E F2(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 (shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046 -(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .493 +(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492 (processes \(those created when e)108 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 (cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492 -(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .792 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .492 -(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 648 Q F23.2 E F0 .7 -(option to the)3.2 F F2(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F -.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F23.201 -E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F2(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 660 S -(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493 +(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 648 Q F23.201 E F0 .701 +(option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201 +(iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F +F23.2 E F0 .7(option to the)3.2 F F2(unset)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)108 660 +S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323 (stack and restrict the number of function in)108 688.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 700.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(33)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29) +149.005 E(33)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4331,22 +4341,22 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 84 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G -(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089(The shell allo)108 96 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 +(ION)1.04 E F0 1.088(The shell allo)108 96 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(let)3.588 E F0(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E F0 --.2(bu)3.452 G .952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 +SF(let)3.589 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.453 G .953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F0 .952 (compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 -3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 120 Q 1.058 +3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 120 Q 1.057 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 132 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 144 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) -5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F +(lo)108 144 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)5.44 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 156 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 172.8 Q F2(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 184.8 S (riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 196.8 S @@ -4371,91 +4381,91 @@ F0(bitwise e)144 340.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) (Shell v)108 465.6 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 477.6 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 477.6 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) -.25 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G .165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F -.421(ing the parameter e)108 501.6 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 -(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F -.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 513.6 R .154 +.42(ing the parameter e)108 501.6 R .42(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .42 +(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F +.154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 513.6 R .154 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) --2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 -(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 -(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 525.6 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 +-2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .153 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F0 .153 +(is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 525.6 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 (attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 537.6 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 554.4 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F -3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F -<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) -5.518 F 3.283(al)108 566.4 S .783 -(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G -.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 578.4 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 -(he form [)-3.315 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) -3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 590.4 R F3(n)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 602.4 Q F3(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ -n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ -o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 554.4 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F +3.018(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F +<8c78>-.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with) +5.517 F 3.282(al)108 566.4 S .782 +(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G +.783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283(xadecimal. Otherwise,) +-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 578.4 R 3.316(et)-.1 G .816 +(he form [)-3.316 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) +3.315 E F0 .815(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 +F .349(the arithmetic base, and)108 590.4 R F3(n)2.849 E F0 .349 +(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) +108 602.4 Q F3(n)2.975 E F0 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit\ + is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 +F .474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 (percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 614.4 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.518 E F3(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -626.4 Q .234(Operators are e)108 643.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +626.4 Q .235(Operators are e)108 643.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 655.2 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -(CONDITION)72 672 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 684 -R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 +(CONDITION)72 672 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255(Conditional e)108 684 +R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 (compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([) -2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F .133 -(\214le attrib)108 696 R .133 +2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .134 +(\214le attrib)108 696 R .134 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E -F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.634 E F0 .134 -(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 708 Q .198 -(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 -(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) --.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(34)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.633 E F0 .133 +(commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 708 Q .197 +(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo) +-.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(34)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .234 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .235 (Expressions are formed from the follo)108 84 R .234 (wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.234 -E F0 .235(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-) -.15 F .425(cially when the)108 96 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e) --2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. 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1.096(When used with)108 190.8 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 +E F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 +E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 202.8 Q F1108 226.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 226.8 S (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 238.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 238.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 @@ -4512,10 +4522,10 @@ E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 538.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 550.8 Q -F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 +F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 574.8 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 574.8 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 586.8 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 598.8 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname) 2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1 @@ -4526,7 +4536,7 @@ F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 658.8 Q F1108 670.8 Q F2(string) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 682.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 699.6 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 -E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(35)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(35)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4534,11 +4544,11 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 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E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H -(nte).15 E 3.59(gers. 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When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F2([[)3.589 E F0 +(command,)144 271.2 Q F1(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F1(Ar)4.447 +E(g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 (luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 283.2 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 300 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 300 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614 (When a simple command is e)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F (rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 324 Q(wing order)-.25 E -(.)-.55 E(1.)108 340.8 Q 1.849(The w)144 340.8 R 1.849 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +(.)-.55 E(1.)108 340.8 Q 1.848(The w)144 340.8 R 1.848 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F (name\) and redirections are sa)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 369.6 Q .179(The w)144 369.6 R .179 +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 369.6 Q .18(The w)144 369.6 R .18 (ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 -381.6 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 -(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.679(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)2.679 E 2.679(yw)-.15 G .179(ords remain af-)-2.779 F .346(ter e) +144 381.6 R .346(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .346(ord is tak)-.1 F +.347(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .347 (ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 393.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 410.4 Q (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 410.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 427.2 Q .716(The te)144 427.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 +108 427.2 Q .717(The te)144 427.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 439.2 R .339 +.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 439.2 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 451.2 Q -.586(If no command name results, the v)108 468 R .586 +.587(If no command name results, the v)108 468 R .586 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -3.087(vironment. In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \ +3.086(vironment. In)-.4 F .586(the case of)3.086 F .371(such a command \ \(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\ ssignment statements)108 480 R .835(are performed before redirections.) 108 492 R .835(Otherwise, the v)5.835 F .835 (ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .839(command and do not af)108 504 R .838 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .838(command and do not af)108 504 R .838 (fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E -3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G .838 +3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G .839 (he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 516 S (lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e) --.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 +-.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 532.8 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 544.8 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 (If there is a command name left after e)108 561.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -573.6 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 +573.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 597.6 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 614.4 Q F0 -.546(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .547 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 638.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ @@ -4625,90 +4635,90 @@ mpts to locate it.)108 655.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 679.2 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(36)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(36)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .719 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .72 (search of the directories in)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) -3.219 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .72 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.969 -F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ +3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 +(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F +.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ a de\214ned shell function named)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(command_not_f)3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 6.005(.I)C -3.505(ft)-6.005 G 1.005(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in) --.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006 -(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006 -(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256 -(and the original command')108 120 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G -.256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755 -(se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F +(command_not_f)3.456 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 6.006(.I)C +3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in) +-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005 +(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 +(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 +(and the original command')108 120 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +.255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 +(se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F .263(tus of that subshell.)108 132 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 (xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 144 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\ l, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 -160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 -(named program in a separate e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. 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Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 132 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 -(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -148.8 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +148.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent) -3.877 F 2.5(shell. When)108 160.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent) +3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 160.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E -F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 177.6 -R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) -2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 -189.6 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 -(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F +F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 177.6 +R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) +2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 +(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 +189.6 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 +(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F (as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 201.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 218.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344(When a program is in)108 230.4 +(ENVIR)72 218.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 230.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg) -4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 (rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F2(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 242.4 Q +E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 242.4 Q F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E .438(The shell pro)108 259.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F +(value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 259.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ -r)108 271.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F -2.703(cesses. Ex)108 283.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +r)108 271.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 283.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E .332 +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 295.2 R 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 -(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 307.2 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 -(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E -.321(inherited by an)108 319.2 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 +(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 307.2 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 +(alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E +.32(inherited by an)108 319.2 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 -(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) --.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 331.2 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G -.534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G -(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) --.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F1(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E -F1(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 343.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) -2.5 E .563(The en)108 360 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563 -(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 +(nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321 +(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 331.2 R +3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G +3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an) +3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E +F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 343.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E +F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 360 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y) +-.15 E F2 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 372 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 372 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 384 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 384 Q(vironment seen by that command.) -.4 E .81(If the)108 400.8 R F13.31 E F0 .81 (option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 (iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 (parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 412.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 429.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) --3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-.4 E(When)108 429.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F (passed to that command in its en)108 441.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 -(EXIT ST)72 458.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 470.4 R -.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 482.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F -.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 494.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G -.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 +(EXIT ST)72 458.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 470.4 R +.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) +.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 482.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 494.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 506.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 523.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 -(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 535.2 R 2.549(An) -5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 547.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +(Fo)108 523.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 +(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 535.2 R 2.548(An) +5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 547.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 564 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 576 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 576 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 592.8 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 609.6 R .081 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 609.6 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 621.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F --.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 621.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 633.6 Q(guments.)-.18 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 633.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(The e)108 650.4 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F1(Bash)108 667.2 Q F0 -.202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +.201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202(xit status of the last command e) +-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 679.2 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 -(SIGN)72 696 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 708 Q F1(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 +(SIGN)72 696 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 708 Q F1(bash)2.503 E F0 .002 (is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) -2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0) -2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 720 Q 1.216 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 .915 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(38)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 720 Q 1.215 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E F0 .915 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,)5.916 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(38)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4884,150 +4894,150 @@ SF(bash)108 84 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT) -.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,) -.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F2(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT) 2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0(Non-b) -108 100.8 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha) -3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F -1.065(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When) -108 112.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F2(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F2(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +108 100.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha) +3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F +1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) +108 112.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F2(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F2(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 124.8 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 136.8 Q F2 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 153.6 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 153.6 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F2(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 165.6 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F2(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 177.6 Q F3(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 -H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ -particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 189.6 R F1(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 165.6 Q F0 +1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F2(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 177.6 Q F3(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ + to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 189.6 R F1(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 218.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F2(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -230.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 247.2 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +230.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 247.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 -(via the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327 +(via the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \ reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F -F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F +F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F (turn immediately with an e)108 283.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and) +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .498(When job control is not enabled, and) 108 300 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) --.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 312 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105 +-.1 F .499(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 312 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.606(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.706 G .105 (board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 (\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105 -(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .424(send to that command.)108 +(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .423(send to that command.)108 324 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the sa\ me process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 336 Q F1(^C)2.5 E F0 (sends)2.5 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(to all processes in that process group.) -2.25 E(When)108 352.8 Q F1(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3 +2.25 E(When)108 352.8 Q F1(bash)3.801 E F0 1.3 (is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (s).15 E F2(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3(aiting for a fore)-.1 -F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 364.8 R .81(aits until that fore) --.1 F .81 +F(ground)-.15 E .809(command, it w)108 364.8 R .809 +(aits until that fore)-.1 F .81 (ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F -F2(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 376.8 Q F3(:)A F0(1.)108 393.6 Q .002 -(If the command terminates due to the)144 393.6 R F2(SIGINT)2.502 E F3 -(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .003 +F2(SIG-)3.31 E(INT)108 376.8 Q F3(:)A F0(1.)108 393.6 Q .003 +(If the command terminates due to the)144 393.6 R F2(SIGINT)2.503 E F3 +(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .002 (concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F (script, and acts on the)144 405.6 Q F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E -(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 422.4 Q .289 +(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 422.4 Q .288 (If the command does not terminate due to)144 422.4 R F2(SIGINT)2.788 E -F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 -(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 434.4 R .728 +F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.789 E F0 .289 +(itself and did)2.539 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 434.4 R .728 (atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F1(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 (does not treat)3.228 F F2(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 -(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.229(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.229 E .772 -(stead assuming that the)144 446.4 R F2(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G -3.272(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.272 F 3.271(sn)-.55 G -.771(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.271 F .409 +(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.228(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.228 E .771 +(stead assuming that the)144 446.4 R F2(SIGINT)3.271 E F0 -.1(wa)3.021 G +3.271(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.271 F 3.272(sn)-.55 G +.772(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.272 F .41 (uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 458.4 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F1(bash)3.309 E -F0 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 -470.4 Q F2(SIGINT)3.789 E F3(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F -3.789(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.788(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-) +F0 .409(will run an)2.909 F 2.909(yt)-.15 G .409(rap set)-2.909 F(on)144 +470.4 Q F2(SIGINT)3.788 E F3(,)A F0 1.288(as it does with an)3.538 F +3.788(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.788 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.789(sw).15 G 1.289(hile it is w)-3.789 F 1.289(aiting for the fore-) -.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 482.4 Q(.)-.65 E /F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 499.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 511.2 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) --.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 511.2 S 3.369(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.369 E(ol) +-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37 -(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 523.2 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 -(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 +(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 523.2 Q F0 2.664(\)t)C .164(heir e)-2.664 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .164(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 +(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .165 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .465 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .165 (ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 535.2 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 552 R -F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F -.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 564 R F1(jobs) -2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 576 Q +G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 552 R +F5(job)5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F +.784(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .324(listed with the)108 564 R F1(jobs) +2.824 E F0 2.824(command. When)2.824 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.095 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .325(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 576 Q (e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 592.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\ mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\ -ciated)108 609.6 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 621.6 R .732 +ciated)108 609.6 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 621.6 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 633.6 Q F5(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 633.6 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.982 -.8 (To f)108 650.4 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) .7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 -F 1.538(tion of a)108 662.4 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 -F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 +F 1.537(tion of a)108 662.4 R F5(curr)4.037 E 1.537(ent terminal pr)-.37 +F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.538 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 674.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 686.4 Q -F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 686.4 Q +F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.715 F F5(for) 5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 -F .145(group ID dif)108 698.4 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.216(processes are those whose process)4.485 +F .146(group ID dif)108 698.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 710.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 722.4 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(39)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 722.4 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(39)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .718 -(terminal are sent a)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT) -3.218 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217 -(st)-.55 G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H -.717(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 96 Q 1.087 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .717 +(terminal are sent a)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT) +3.217 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218 +(st)-.55 G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H +.718(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 96 Q 1.088 (If the operating system on which)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash) -3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 -(Ty)108 124.8 S .302(ping the).8 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.142 -E F0 .302(character \(typically)3.572 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash) +3.587 E F0 1.087(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 +(Ty)108 124.8 S .301(ping the).8 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.141 +E F0 .301(character \(typically)3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 136.8 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 136.8 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F2(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 148.8 R(to)108 160.8 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F @@ -5035,13 +5045,13 @@ F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 (background, the)108 172.8 R F2(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 (command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F2 (kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F2(^Z)2.67 E F0 -(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 184.8 R 3.918 -(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.419(fect immediately)108 184.8 R 3.919 +(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.919 F 1.418 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) 108 196.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 213.6 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 225.6 -Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F3(n)3.818 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) @@ -5056,83 +5066,83 @@ E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 261.6 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) (in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 (substring matches more than one job,)108 273.6 R F2(bash)2.806 E F0 .306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F -F2(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') -2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 285.6 R F3(curr)2.833 E .133 +F2(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .306(refer to the shell') +2.806 F(s)-.55 E .132(notion of the)108 285.6 R F3(curr)2.832 E .133 (ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 (hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) --.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 -297.6 R F3(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 -(may be referenced using)2.805 F F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) --5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F2(%+)2.576 E F0(and) -2.576 E F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 +-.1 F .133(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.576(ground. The)108 +297.6 R F3(pr)3.826 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .076(ious job).15 F F0 .076 +(may be referenced using)2.806 F F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 5.076(.I)C 2.576(ft) +-5.076 G .075(here is only a single job,)-2.576 F F2(%+)2.575 E F0(and) +2.575 E F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 .075(can both)2.575 F .317 (be used to refer to that job)108 309.6 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2 -(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 +(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .033(job is al)108 321.6 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 (,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F22.533 -E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 +E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .032 (ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 -333.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +333.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 350.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -362.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +362.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F (equi)108 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 391.2 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 403.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F22.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 415.2 Q F2(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 391.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 403.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F22.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 415.2 Q F2(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 +(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 427.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 444 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.532 E F0 -.032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 -(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 456 R F2 -(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 +-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 444 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.533 E F0 +.033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532 +(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F2(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 1.002(using the)108 456 R F2 +(shopt)3.502 E F0 -.2(bu)3.502 G 1.002 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 -(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.503 E F0 1.003 +(option is en-)3.503 F .956(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) 108 468 R(The)5.955 E F2(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) -5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 480 R .604 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .955(If a) +5.955 F .603(second attempt to e)108 480 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 -(When the shell is w)108 508.8 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 520.8 R F2 +(and an)108 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645 +(When the shell is w)108 508.8 R .645 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 +(will)3.144 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 520.8 R F2 2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F2(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F (fore returning.)108 532.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 549.6 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.144 E +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 573.6 R F1(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F2(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F1(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 585.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.538 E -F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 597.6 R F2 -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 +(and the secondary prompt)108 573.6 R F1(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F2(Bash)5.428 E +F0(displays)2.928 E F1(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 +(it reads a command b)108 585.6 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.038(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.537 E +F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 597.6 R F2 +3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ as follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 621.6 Q F0 (an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 621.6 Q F2(\\d)144 633.6 Q F0 (the date in "W)180 633.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 645.6 Q F3(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 -657.6 Q F3(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F3(strftime) -3.926 E F0 1.427 +657.6 Q F3(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F3(strftime) +3.927 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 669.6 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -5141,7 +5151,7 @@ as follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 621.6 Q F0 (the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 693.6 Q(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 705.6 Q F0(the hostname)180 705.6 Q F2(\\j)144 717.6 Q F0 (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 717.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(40)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(40)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5161,8 +5171,8 @@ SF(\\l)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 84 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G 192 Q F0(the v)180 192 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 204 Q F0(the release of)180 204 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .12(the v)180 216 R -.119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .119(the v)180 216 +R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 (ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF ($HOME)2.619 E F0(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F (the v)180 228 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F2(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM) @@ -5179,88 +5189,88 @@ F1(\\\\)144 300 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 300 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 312 Q F0(be)180 312 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F (control sequence into the prompt)180 324 Q F1(\\])144 336 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 336 Q .12 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 336 Q .119 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 352.8 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 376.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ -osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 -(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 388.8 R .822 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F -F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) -3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 412.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 -(command under)3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198 -(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(position\ + in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hist\ +ory \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(be-)2.796 E(lo)108 376.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ +osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .355 +(cuted during the current).15 F .823(shell session.)108 388.8 R .822 +(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.823 F .822 +(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .822(xpansion, command substitution,) +-.15 F .682(arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .682(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.15 G .682(l, subject to the v).25 F .683(alue of the)-.25 F +F1(pr)3.183 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .683(shell option \(see the de-) +3.183 F 1.198(scription of the)108 412.8 R F1(shopt)3.698 E F0 1.198 +(command under)3.698 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.447 E 3.697(w\). This)-.25 F 1.197 +(can ha)3.697 F 1.497 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) 108 424.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 436.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 453.6 Q F0 .15 +72 453.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 465.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 477.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385 -(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F12.884 E F0 .384 -(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G -2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 489.6 S 1.406 +108 465.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .384(is gi)108 477.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.884(na).15 G 2.884(ts)-2.884 G .384(hell in)-2.884 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 2.884(cation. Line).2 F .384 +(editing is also used when using the)2.884 F F12.885 E F0 .385 +(option to the)2.885 F F1 -.18(re)2.885 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.885 G +2.885(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.885 E -.1(fa)108 489.6 S 1.407 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F -3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 +3.906(Av)6.406 G 1.406(i-style line editing interf)-3.906 F 1.406 (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 501.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E (emacs)108 525.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 542.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 554.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 -3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 -(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 +1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 +.65 E .595(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G -.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E -(ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.596 E +(ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) -.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 696 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(41)199.835 E 0 Cg +108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(41)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5271,26 +5281,26 @@ BP SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by pu\ tting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 96 R/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 -F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 108 R .573 +F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 F .573(is tak)108 108 R .573 (en from the v)-.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v) 3.073 F .573(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F2 -(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.573(.I).31 G 3.073(ft)-5.573 G(hat) --3.073 E 3.062(\214le does)108 120 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 +(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.572(.I).31 G 3.072(ft)-5.572 G(hat) +-3.072 E 3.061(\214le does)108 120 R .561(not e)3.061 F .562 (xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F2 -(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561 -(hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\ - the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 132 R .475 -.15(ey b) --.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 -(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 144 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 -(asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238 -(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553 -(ning with a)108 156 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 +(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.562(.W).31 G .562 +(hen a program which uses the)-5.562 F .175(readline library starts up,\ + the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 132 R .474 -.15(ey b) +-.1 H .174(indings and v).15 F .174(ariables are set.)-.25 F .174 +(There are)5.174 F .238(only a fe)108 144 R 2.738(wb)-.25 G .238 +(asic constructs allo)-2.738 F .239 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .239 +(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .239(Lines be)5.239 F(gin-)-.15 E .554 +(ning with a)108 156 R F1(#)3.054 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.054 F .554 (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554 -(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554 +(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553(Other lines denote)5.553 F -.1(ke)108 168 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) --.25 E .987(The def)108 184.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 +-.25 E .986(The def)108 184.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 (-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) 3.487 F(add their o)108 196.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 @@ -5300,11 +5310,11 @@ F -.1(ke)108 168 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 266.4 Q F2(inputr) 2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) -2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2(univer)2.58 E -(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo)108 283.2 R +(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo)108 283.2 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 -.4(RU) 3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC)4.021 E -F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0(,).73 E F2 -(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108.63 295.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.83 +F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0(,).73 E F2 +(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108.63 295.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 312 R .209(ws k)-.25 F @@ -5315,46 +5325,46 @@ F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (The syntax for controlling k)108 352.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 364.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 364.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 +.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108 376.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 (ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) 2.638 E F2(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 388.8 Q -.161(When using the form)108 405.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A -F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 E F2(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A -F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 417.6 R(or e) +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 388.8 Q +.16(When using the form)108 405.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A +F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A +F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 417.6 R(or e) -.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 453.6 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 465.6 Q .698 +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 465.6 Q .699 (In the abo)108 482.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u) 3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) -.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 494.4 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 +(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 506.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 523.2 R F1("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 523.2 R F1("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 535.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 547.2 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 547.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 559.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 595.2 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 624 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 624 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) 3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1) 2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 @@ -5362,7 +5372,7 @@ G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 144 676.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 676.8 Q F1(\\e)144 688.8 Q F0 (an escape character)180 688.8 Q F1(\\\\)144 700.8 Q F0(backslash)180 700.8 Q F1(\\")144 712.8 Q F0(literal ")180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(42)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(42)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5382,27 +5392,26 @@ F0(delete)180 136.8 Q F1(\\f)144 148.8 Q F0(form feed)180 148.8 Q F1 (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 220.8 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 (When entering the te)108 237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F -.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 -F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) +.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 302.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 331.2 +(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 331.2 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 372 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E @@ -5410,72 +5419,72 @@ F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 (Except where noted, readline v)108 388.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 (Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 400.8 R .448 +.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 400.8 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 424.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(acti)108 441.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E -(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.729(As)144 453.6 S .229(tring v) --2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 -(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .23 -(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 465.6 Q 1.527 +(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.73(As)144 453.6 S .23(tring v)-2.73 +F .23(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 +(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .229 +(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 465.6 Q 1.526 (gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F1(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve) -.1 G.1 E(egion)-.18 E F0(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F -1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.026(eu)-.1 G 4.026(pa)-4.026 G -.15 -(ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 477.6 Q .283 -(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.783(,s)-.65 G 2.784 -(oi)-2.783 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .284 +1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.027(eu)-.1 G 4.027(pa)-4.027 G -.15 +(ny)-4.027 G(ph)144 477.6 Q .284 +(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.784(,s)-.65 G 2.784 +(oi)-2.784 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .283 (hould consist only of terminal escape sequences.)-2.784 F .45 (It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 489.6 R .45 (xt in the acti)-.15 F .75 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.95 -(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .378 -(the def)144 501.6 R .378(ault v)-.1 F .378(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.878(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.878 F .379 -(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .379 -(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .655 +(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .379 +(the def)144 501.6 R .379(ault v)-.1 F .379(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.879(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.879 F .379 +(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .378 +(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .654 (terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 513.6 R -3.154(st)-.55 G .654(erminfo description.)-3.154 F 3.154(As)5.654 G .654 -(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 525.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +3.155(st)-.55 G .655(erminfo description.)-3.155 F 3.155(As)5.655 G .655 +(ample v)-3.155 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 525.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF ("\\e[01;33m")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(acti)108 537.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E -(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.908(As)144 549.6 S 1.408(tring v) --3.908 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F +(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.909(As)144 549.6 S 1.409(tring v) +-3.909 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F F1(acti)3.908 E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 -1.409(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 +1.408(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 (terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 561.6 R .216 (xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716 (ion. This).15 F .216(string must not tak)2.716 F 2.716(eu)-.1 G(p) --2.716 E(an)144 573.6 Q 3.737(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.737 G 1.237 +-2.716 E(an)144 573.6 Q 3.738(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.738 G 1.238 (sical character positions on the display).05 F 3.737(,s)-.65 G 3.737 -(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.238 -(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.928(quences. It) -144 585.6 R .428(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.928 -F .427(xt in the acti)-.15 F .727 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.927 -(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.927 G .427(riable is).25 F .518 +(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.237 +(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.927(quences. It) +144 585.6 R .427(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.927 +F .428(xt in the acti)-.15 F .728 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.928 +(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.928 G .428(riable is).25 F .519 (reset to the def)144 597.6 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.018(rt).15 G .518(he terminal type changes.)-3.018 F .518(The def)5.518 F .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue is the string that)-.25 -F .252(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ -erminal')144 609.6 R 2.751(st)-.55 G .251(erminfo description.)-2.751 F -(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 621.6 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 633.6 Q F0 .01 +F .251(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ +erminal')144 609.6 R 2.752(st)-.55 G .252(erminfo description.)-2.752 F +(A)5.252 E(sample v)144 621.6 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 633.6 Q F0 .011 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 645.6 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 657.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 669.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 681.6 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 693.6 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 705.6 Q -.15 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 657.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 669.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 681.6 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 693.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 705.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(43) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(43) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5489,69 +5498,69 @@ SF(blink\255matching\255par)108 84 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .21(If set to) (parenthesis is inserted.)144 108 Q F1(color)108 120 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) 144 132 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ -dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.936 -(completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) --.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 Q F0 -(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 +dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935 +(completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) +-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 Q F0 +(en)3.077 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 (there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577 -(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 168 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ +(for the cus-)3.077 F .134(tom suf)144 168 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ ed-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ \214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 192 -Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 216 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 -E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 228 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E -F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 240 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 252 Q F1 +Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 +4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F +1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +216 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) +-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 228 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 240 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 252 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) 108 264 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ -e matches when performing completion.)144 276 R .194(The v)144 288 R +e matches when performing completion.)144 276 R .193(The v)144 288 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 300 Q(The def)5 E (ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 312 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C (eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 348 R +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E (e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 -(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 (nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 360 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 (completion\255pr)108 372 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 384 R 1.274 -(without modi\214cation.)144 396 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 +ble completions that is displayed)144 384 R 1.275 +(without modi\214cation.)144 396 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 408 S(lue are replaced with an \ ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 420 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 432 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 444 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 456 R +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 420 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 432 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 444 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 +F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) +-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 456 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .367 +the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .368 (riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F -2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368 -(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 480 R 3.173(Az) -5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 -E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 492 Q -F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) -144 516 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F +2.867(wt)-.25 G .367(hem; otherwise the)-2.867 F 2.867(ya)-.15 G .367 +(re simply)-2.867 F .672(listed on the terminal.)144 480 R 3.172(Az) +5.672 G .673(ero v)-3.172 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.173(ra).15 G .673(sk; ne)-3.173 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 +E .973 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .673(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 492 Q +F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to) +144 516 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k) -.15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +.15 F .912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F +144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F (e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 @@ -5560,29 +5569,29 @@ F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G -1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .141 +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .142 (Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 (can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .518(If the)144 672 -R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G -.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .517(If the)144 672 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 (last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F -.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G -.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F -.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F +.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F +.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(44)199.835 E 0 Cg +144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(44)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5591,38 +5600,38 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable\255acti)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0 -(The)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.246 E F0 .746 -(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 +(The)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.245 E F0 .746 +(is the current cursor position, and)3.245 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 (refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746 -(ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344 +(ursor position.)-3.246 F .746(The te)5.746 F .746(xt be-)-.15 F .344 (tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 108 R F2 -.37(re) 2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-) --2.845 F(lo)144 120 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.844 E F0 2.844(,r)C .344(eadline al-) +-2.844 F(lo)144 120 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) -5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098 -(eadline high-)-2.598 F .97(lights the te)144 132 R .97(xt in the re) --.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti) -3.471 E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.471 -(,w)C .971(hich def)-3.471 F .971(aults to)-.1 F .485 +(eadline high-)-2.598 F .971(lights the te)144 132 R .971(xt in the re) +-.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti)3.47 +E -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.47(,w)C .97 +(hich def)-3.47 F .97(aults to)-.1 F .484 (the string that enables the terminal')144 144 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485 (tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 -(eg).15 G .484(ion sho).15 F .484(ws the te)-.25 F .484(xt inserted by) +(eg).15 G .485(ion sho).15 F .485(ws the te)-.25 F .485(xt inserted by) -.15 F(brack)144 156 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te) -2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.) --.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 168 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .84 -(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.34 E F0 3.34(,r)C .841(eadline con\214gu\ -res the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.34 F(uf)-.2 -E .841(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of tre\ -ating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 192 R -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.158(board. This)144 204 R(pre)3.158 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.658(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .658(cuting an).15 F 3.158 -(ye)-.15 G .659(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .959 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -.659(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 216 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1 -(enable\255k)108 228 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 240 R +-.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 168 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .841 +(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.341 E F0 3.341(,r)C .841(eadline con\214\ +gures the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.341 F(uf) +-.2 E .84(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of \ +treating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 192 R -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.159(board. This)144 204 R(pre)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +.659(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .659(cuting an).15 F 3.158 +(ye)-.15 G .658(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .958 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +.658(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 216 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1 +(enable\255k)108 228 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to)144 240 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 252 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 264 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (When set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 @@ -5634,80 +5643,80 @@ G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 264 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 300 Q F0(If set to)144 312 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 324 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.052 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.052 E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) -108 360 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 372 R +108 360 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 372 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) --3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 -E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 384 R 2.983(we)-.25 G -.483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482 -(set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 396 R .277(By def)5.277 F -.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 408 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +-3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 +E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 384 R 2.982(we)-.25 G +.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483 +(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 396 R .277(By def)5.278 F +.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 408 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 +(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E (the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 420 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 432 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(horizontal\255scr)108 432 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 456 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 468 R (setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 492 R F1(On) -3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ -is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 492 R F1(On) +3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ +is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335 (characters it reads\), re)144 504 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 -(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) -5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 516 S(ynon) --2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E +(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name) +5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 516 S(ynon) +-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 528 Q F1 +(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 528 Q F1 (isear)108 540 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ ental search without subsequently e)144 552 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 564 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 576 Q F2 +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 564 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 576 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 588 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -600 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 +108 588 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 600 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042 (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 612 R F0 2.542(,a)C (nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 (is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 624 R -.25(va)-.25 G -.449(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C -.449(he def)-5.449 F .449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) -3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G .448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 636 +2.541 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.541 E F0 .448(is equi)144 624 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.448(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.448(.T)C +.448(he def)-5.448 F .448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) +3.139 E F0 2.949(;t).27 G .449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 636 Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 648 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 660 R +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 660 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 672 R .825 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 672 R .824 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E -3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G -.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 684 R +3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G +.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 684 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) -3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F -F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) +3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F +F2 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b) 144 696 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 (equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 -(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F +(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 708 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 (will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 (If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 720 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(45)199.835 E 0 Cg +(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.552 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(45)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5728,128 +5737,128 @@ BP (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 168 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 180 Q F0 .193(This v)144 192 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 180 Q F0 .192(This v)144 192 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 204 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 216 Q F1 (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 228 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +1.585(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 252 Q +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 252 Q (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 264 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +.507(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 288 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 288 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E (f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On) -3.384 E F0 .884(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 -300 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 312 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 324 +3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 +300 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 312 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2 (mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F (tions at a time.)144 336 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .228 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .227 (If set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) -2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 372 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E (wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 384 T -(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 396 R -F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 396 R +F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 408 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 408 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 420 S(adline) .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 432 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 444 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 444 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 456 R(bell.)144 468 Q F1 -(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 492 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 492 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 516 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 516 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 528 Q F1 -(sho)108 540 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 -(If set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 528 Q F1 +(sho)108 540 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F (command, or vi insertion.)144 564 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 588 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 588 R +F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 600 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 612 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 624 Q +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 624 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 636 Q F0 .518(If the)144 -648 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G -.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 636 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +648 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) -144 660 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476 -(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 672 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F +144 660 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 +(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 672 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 684 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F -.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 684 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(46)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(46)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 .518(If the)144 -96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 +SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -108 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) -5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .924(panded lik).15 F -3.424(eak)-.1 G 1.224 -.15(ey b)-3.524 H .924 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .923 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 132 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F -.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +108 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .923(panded lik).15 F +3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924 +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 132 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -144 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 168 R +144 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 180 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 196.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 208.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 220.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 +(which allo)108 220.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F (or the application using readline.)144 261.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E (,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 273.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) -3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065(mode. This)180 302.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 @@ -5857,64 +5866,64 @@ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F (out in emacs mode.)180 326.4 Q F1(term)144 343.2 Q F0(The)180 343.2 Q -F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R +F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 379.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 396 S(rsion).1 E F0 -(The)180 408 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 +(The)180 408 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 (ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 420 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 432 Q F1(=)3.064 E -F0 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F1(==)3.064 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.064 E F0(,)A -F1(<=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.064 E F0 3.064(,a)C(nd) --3.064 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563 +(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 +(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 432 Q F1(=)3.063 E +F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A +F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) +-3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 (of the operator consists of a major v)180 444 R .318(ersion number)-.15 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 456 -R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101(\). If the minor v)B -.1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C -(he)-5.1 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 468 R F1 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 456 R +.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 +(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) +C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 468 R F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 (ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 480 Q F1 (application)144 496.8 Q F0(The)180 508.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 520.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 532.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 544.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +532.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 544.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 556.8 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 556.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 580.8 Q F0 (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 592.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) -.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 604.8 Q F1($endif)180 -616.8 Q F2(variable)144 633.6 Q F0(The)180 645.6 Q F2(variable)3.777 E -F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +616.8 Q F2(variable)144 633.6 Q F0(The)180 645.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E +F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 657.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 -(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 (ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ -or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 669.6 R .129 -(the v)180 681.6 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 -F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 669.6 R .13 +(the v)180 681.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F +.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F (tested. Boolean v)180 693.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 710.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) 144 710.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 -(command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(47)199.835 E -0 Cg EP +(command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(47)198.165 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5923,68 +5932,68 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($else)108 84 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 84 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 100.8 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 112.8 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 100.8 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 112.8 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 124.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 148.8 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 -E F1(Sear)87 165.6 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 177.6 R .834 +E F1(Sear)87 165.6 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 177.6 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 189.6 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 189.6 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 206.4 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 206.4 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 218.4 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 230.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 (acters present in the v)108 242.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 254.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 266.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 -(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 278.4 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +F .097(mental search.)108 266.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 +(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 278.4 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) 108 295.2 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 -(search backw)108 307.2 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 319.2 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 307.2 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 319.2 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -343.2 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -360 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 343.2 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 360 R +.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 388.8 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.392 +rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.391 (The follo)108 429.6 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark) -3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 482.4 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 @@ -5996,9 +6005,9 @@ E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 494.4 Q F0(Mo)144 506.4 Q .3 -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 (backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 566.4 Q F0(Mo)144 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b) -.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 590.4 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 602.4 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 602.4 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F (ters and digits\).)144 614.4 Q F1(backward\255w)108 626.4 Q (ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 638.4 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 @@ -6008,11 +6017,11 @@ Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 674.4 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) -.8 F(ters.)144 686.4 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 698.4 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .608(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E -(48)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ord. 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This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)144 156 R .309 -.15 +th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 132 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 144 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph) +.15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637 +(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 156 R .309 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G -2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ length of the prompt plus)144 168 R(the screen width.)144 180 Q F1 -(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 192 Q F0 1.499 +(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 192 Q F0 1.498 (Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 204 R 3.999(ss) --.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G -1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F +-.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G +1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F (lea)144 216 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1 (clear\255scr)108 228 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 (Clear the screen, then redra)144 240 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 @@ -6050,10 +6059,10 @@ length of the prompt plus)144 168 R(the screen width.)144 180 Q F1 -.18(re)108 264 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 (Refresh the current line.)144 276 Q F1(Commands f)87 292.8 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -304.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 316.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 -(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) +304.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 316.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 +(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 +(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) 144 328.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F @@ -6068,218 +6077,218 @@ E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 424.8 Q F0(Mo)144 436.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 448.8 Q F0 .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 448.8 Q F0 .947 (Accept the current line for e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 472.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 -F .729 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 +(history for editing.)144 472.8 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F +.729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) -.18 F(the current line.)144 484.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 496.8 Q F0 --.4(Wi)144 508.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257 -(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei) --.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G +-.4(Wi)144 508.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256 +(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.757(ei) +-.1 G 2.757(tt)-2.757 G .257(he current line.)-2.757 F -.4(Wi)5.257 G (th-).4 E(out an ar)144 520.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H (ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v) -108 532.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 +108 532.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 (Search backw)144 544.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 568.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 580.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 580.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) -.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 592.8 Q F1 (non\255incr)108 604.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) 144 616.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 628.8 S (tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 640.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 652.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 652.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 664.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 688.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 688.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F (and the point.)144 700.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(49)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(49)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) 144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\ een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard \ -through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ -he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 144 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard\ + through the history for the string of characters between the start of \ +the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 +144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 (line. This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 (history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 -(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) -5.318 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +.249(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 +(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) +5.319 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G <4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 240 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 264 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 264 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 -F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 -E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 +E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E .416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 -(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 348 R 1.518 -.15 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 +(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 348 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 (through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .622 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .623 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .939 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .938 (Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 456 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 468 R .437 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E F3 -(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) --2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 504 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 456 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 468 R .438 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3 +(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) +-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 504 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 576 Q F0(In)144 -588 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E +588 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E (tempts to in)144 600 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) 2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G (hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 616.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E (ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 628.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 -E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 640.8 +E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 640.8 R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C -3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 652.8 R -.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F (as the end of input and returns)144 664.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 676.8 Q F0 .442 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 676.8 Q F0 .441 (Delete the character at point.)144 688.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 700.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 700.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 -E(50)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29) +149.005 E(50)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 84 Q F0 .552 +SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 84 Q F0 .553 (Delete the character behind the cursor)144 96 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F -.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F -.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 120 S -(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F +.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 120 S +(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 144 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 168 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C -(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C +(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) 108 192 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 216 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 228 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 240 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321 +108 240 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 (ard as well.)-.1 F .372 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 264 -R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 +R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 276 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -300 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +300 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 312 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 324 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 360 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 396 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 432 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 456 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G -(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 -480 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 -(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 -(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 492 R .958 -(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 -(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 -F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 520.8 Q -(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 -544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 456 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 480 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 492 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +520.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 556.8 Q F0(Kill backw) 144 568.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 580.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 592.8 @@ -6287,21 +6296,21 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 604.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 652.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 664.8 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 676.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 688.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 700.8 -R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 712.8 S +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 700.8 +R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 712.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(51)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29) +149.005 E(51)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6312,14 +6321,14 @@ SF(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025 (Kill the w)144 96 R 3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 120 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 132 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -144 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 156 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 132 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +144 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 156 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 168 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 180 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 180 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 192 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 204 Q F1(kill\255r)108 216 @@ -6327,15 +6336,15 @@ Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 228 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 240 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) 144 252 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 264 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 288 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 300 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 312 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 324 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 264 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 288 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 300 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 324 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (yank \(C\255y\))108 336 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 348 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 360 Q F0 @@ -6346,36 +6355,36 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 388.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 412.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 436.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .778(This is another w)144 448.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 448.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 460.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 472.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 484.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 484.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 496.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 508.8 R .823 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 508.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 520.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) 87 537.6 Q(complete \(T)108 549.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 561.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 573.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 585.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 573.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 585.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 597.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 609.6 Q F0 @@ -6383,23 +6392,23 @@ E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 633.6 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 645.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -657.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 669.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -681.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +657.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 669.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +681.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 693.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 +1.193(possible completions.)144 693.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 705.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 717.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 729.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(52)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(52)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6417,7 +6426,7 @@ F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 (delete\255char\255or\255list)108 132 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 144 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 @@ -6443,10 +6452,10 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 204 Q F0 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 348 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 360 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 372 Q F0 .58 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 372 Q F0 .581 (Attempt completion on the te)144 384 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 396 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 396 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -6454,14 +6463,14 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 204 Q F0 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 420 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 444 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 444 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 (Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 468 Q F1(dab)108 480 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 492 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 516 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -6477,33 +6486,34 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 568.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 616.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 640.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 -(Print the last k)144 664.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +E F0(Re-e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 640.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 664.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 (Miscellaneous)87 681.6 Q -.18(re)108 693.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 705.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 -(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(53)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 705.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(53)198.165 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.748 -(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.749 +(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 (bell\255style)144 108 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 120 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738 -(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.238 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739 +(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.239 E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) -5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E (wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 @@ -6511,10 +6521,10 @@ F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) (ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 (Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 180 Q F0 (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 192 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.231 F -2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 -.23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F +2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 +.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F (turn the line to its initial state.)144 228 Q F1 (tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 240 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 252 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 @@ -6522,68 +6532,67 @@ F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) (Set the mark to the point.)144 276 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 288 Q F0(Sw)144 -300 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +300 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) 144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 336 S -.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 336 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 348 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 360 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 372 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 372 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 384 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.827 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.826 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 408 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 420 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 420 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ y characters into the editing b)144 444 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) -.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 456 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .244 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 +468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .245 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 (the characters at the be)144 504 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 528 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 552 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 564 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E -(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421 -(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 576 R .42 +(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42 +(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 576 R .421 (ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 -(wa)144 588 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell) -4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E +(wa)144 588 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell) +4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E (or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 600 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 +(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 624 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F -.791(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 +.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 660 R .176 +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -6596,231 +6605,231 @@ ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q .872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(54)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(54)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R .762 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 156 R .108 -(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 168 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 204 Q +.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R .762 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 156 R .109 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 168 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F -.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 -G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0 .057 -(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 +(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 -F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 +F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 405.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ d to generate the list of matching w)108 422.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 434.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 451.2 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 475.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 492 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 504 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 516 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 532.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 544.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +544.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 556.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 556.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 568.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -580.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 +580.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 592.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .234 -(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R .534 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .234 -(een generated, an).15 F 2.734(ys)-.15 G .233 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.734 F F12.733 E -F0(and)2.733 E F12.733 E F0(op-)2.733 E 4.208(tions is in)108 -621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.708(d. When).1 F 4.209 -(the command or function is in)6.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.209 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.709 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.459 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 -(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 -645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233 +(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233 +(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F12.734 E +F0(and)2.734 E F12.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 +621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208 +(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 -(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C -2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) --.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) --2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 681.6 -R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 693.6 R -.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C +2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) +-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 681.6 +R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 693.6 R +.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(55)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(55)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457 (iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456 -(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)108 96 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E -(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 -F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1 -2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di) -.1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi) -.4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It) -108 124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to t\ -he standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F -(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 +(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F +2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 +.081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581 +(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 +124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the s\ +tandard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F +(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 153.6 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 165.6 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 177.6 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 165.6 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 177.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 189.6 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 189.6 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -230.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 +230.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .247 +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .246 (If the pre)108 259.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 271.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 300 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 316.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 316.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 376.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .633(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .632(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 429.6 + to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 429.6 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -446.4 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +446.4 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 (tion with a def)108 458.4 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ uld be retried by returning an e)108 470.4 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .666 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .665 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .666 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 506.4 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F -.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F +E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F (the command, the follo)108 547.2 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 @@ -6828,30 +6837,30 @@ E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 564 Q({)108 576 Q 6(.") 144 588 S(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 600 Q (complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 612 Q -/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 640.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 -(When the)108 652.8 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 -(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 664.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 -(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) -2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429 -(mands to sa)108 676.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2 -(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 +/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 640.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 +(When the)108 652.8 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 664.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) +2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa) +108 676.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F +.43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429 +(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929 +(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 688.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.787 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 700.8 -S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 +S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.815 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F5(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(56)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E F5(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(56)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6861,139 +6870,140 @@ BP (The \214le named by the v)108 84 R .315(alue of)-.25 F/F1 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315(is truncated, if necessary) 2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315 -(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F1 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.158 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .658 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .659 (is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 108 S .142 (lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.605 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 -(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E F0 +.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F1 -($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 -(copied from the history list to)108 156 R F1($HISTFILE)2.658 E F2(.)A -F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F3(shopt)108 -168 Q F0(under)2.582 E F1 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 +(copied from the history list to)108 156 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E F2(.)A +F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108 +168 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.196(history \214le is o)108 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If).15 -F F1(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ -ritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 -(If the)108 192 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G +.197(history \214le is o)108 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If).15 +F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ +ritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 +(If the)108 192 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark) -.25 F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 204 R -3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 -(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 +.25 F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 204 R +3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 +(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 216 R -1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G -1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 +1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G +1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 (truncated to contain no more than)108 228 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 240 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 -(The b)108 256.8 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) -2.799 E F1 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R -(The)5.471 E F3(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 +(The b)108 256.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R +(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 (manipulate the history \214le.)108 280.8 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 309.6 -R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 309.6 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G -.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 (cmdhist)108 333.6 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 345.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 381.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 398.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e) -108 410.4 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 -F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section) --5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va) --.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F -.87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -.949(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 +(The shell supports a history e)108 410.4 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F +.95(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 (option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 446.4 Q 2.5 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 446.4 Q 2.5 (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.306(History e)108 463.2 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +1.305(History e)108 463.2 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .209(guments to a pre) --.18 F .21 +t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .21(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 504 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ -read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .251 +read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .252 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 -(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 528 Q .146 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 528 Q .145 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .767 -(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F5(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) --.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F .538 -(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f)-.1 F -.539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538 +(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f)-.1 F +.538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 (-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1 -F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 588 R .355 +F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 588 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) -3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 -600 R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) +3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 600 +R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 612 R (string.)108 624 Q(Se)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 652.8 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.162 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 693.6 R F3 -(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .232(If the)108 693.6 R F3 +(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F3(shopt) 2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ +-.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used, hist\ ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -705.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 +705.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .449(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .449 (xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 717.6 R F3 -.18(re) 4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 (fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F3 -.18(re)4.728 G @@ -7001,38 +7011,38 @@ ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(57)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(57)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S --.25(ff).2 G .303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF2.803 E F0 .303(option to the)2.803 F F1(history) -2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 +-.25(ff).2 G .304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF2.804 E F0 .304(option to the)2.804 F F1(history) +2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .303 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 (pansion will do before using it.)108 96 R(The)5.52 E F13.02 E F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 124.8 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 124.8 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 136.8 R -F1(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 136.8 R +F1(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +.163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .163 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F (history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1(Ev) -87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ -y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 +y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) .15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 206.4 Q -F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.608 +F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.607 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F (\(when the)144 218.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 @@ -7045,51 +7055,51 @@ ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 266.4 R F2(string)144.34 278.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 290.4 Q F2(string)A F1 ([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \ position in the history list containing)144 302.4 R F2(string)144.34 -314.4 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G .496(he trailing)-5.496 F F1(?)2.996 E F0 .496 -(may be omitted if)2.996 F F2(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F -.497(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) -2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(missing, the string from the most recent sea\ -rch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 326.4 R .39 +314.4 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497 +(may be omitted if)2.997 F F2(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F +.496(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) +2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missing, the string from the most recent sear\ +ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 326.4 R .391 (vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 338.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 -355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752 -(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753 +355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753 +(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753 (vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2 -(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753 +(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752 (lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 374.4 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \() -5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 386.4 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 386.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 403.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 415.2 S -1.314(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314 +1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314 (ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 -1.313(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation) -.15 F .529(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I) --.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 +1.314(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation) +.15 F .53(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 +G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E .516 +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515 (are numbered from the be)108 439.2 R .516 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-) .8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 451.2 Q F1 2.5(0\()108 468 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 480 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2(n)108.36 492 Q F0(The)144 492 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) 108 504 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 504 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 -E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 516 R 2.563 -(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 -F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 516 R 2.564 +(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 +F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063 (ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 528 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%) -108 540 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 540 R 1.42 -(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 -(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F +108 540 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 540 R 1.419 +(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42 +(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F (character that is part of a w)144 552 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 564 Q F1 A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 564 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2 (y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*) -108 576 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 576 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 +108 576 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 576 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316 (ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) -2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 588 Q(ord in the e) +2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 588 Q(ord in the e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 600 Q F0(Abbre)144 600 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.) A F1<78ad>108 612 Q F0(Abbre)144 612 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 @@ -7098,9 +7108,9 @@ A F1<78ad>108 612 Q F0(Abbre)144 612 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 E(If a w)108 628.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 645.6 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 657.6 R .184 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 +(Modi\214ers)87 645.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 657.6 R .183 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 (wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 669.6 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G @@ -7110,8 +7120,8 @@ E(If a w)108 628.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) 108 710.4 Q F0(Remo)144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E -(58)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ving the basename.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E +(58)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7122,145 +7132,145 @@ SF(e)108 84 Q F0(Remo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E (ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 96 Q F0(Print the ne) 144 96 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 108 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 108 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 120 Q F0 .385 -(Quote the substituted w)144 120 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 E -F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 -(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) -2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 120 Q F0 .386 +(Quote the substituted w)144 120 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 E +F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1 +(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) +2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 132 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G (he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 144 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute) -144 156 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of) -3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469 +144 156 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of) +3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469 (nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969(yc)-.15 G .469 -(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953(delimiter in place of /.)144 +(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954(delimiter in place of /.)144 168 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 +5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131 (The delimiter may be quoted in)144 180 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 192 R F2 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 192 R F2 (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 204 R 2.987 -(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 +3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 204 R 2.986 +(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486 (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 -E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 -(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 216 Q(w)-.15 E F0 +E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987 +(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 216 Q(w)-.15 E F0 (is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) 108 228 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 228 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) -108 240 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 240 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 252 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 -(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F +108 240 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 240 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 252 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35(used with `) +2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F (limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 264 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon) 2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 276 Q F0(Apply the follo) 144 276 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 292.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 304.8 +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 304.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ receded by)-.2 F F1108 316.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 328.8 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 328.8 R F1 2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 340.8 R .261 -(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 +2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 340.8 R .26 +(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F12.76 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) 108 352.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 382.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 394.8 R .452 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 394.8 R .451 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 406.8 R +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 406.8 R (return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 423.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 435.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 (Read and e)144 447.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33 (status of the last command e)144 459.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 (cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2 -(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F -.022(names in)144 471.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F2 +(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F +.023(names in)144 471.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F2 (\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E -F0 .023(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 483.6 S 3.861 -(cutable. The).15 F 1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA) -3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86 -(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F2(posix) -3.86 E(mode)144 495.6 Q F0 2.648(,t)C .148 -(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F4 --.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the) -4.648 F F1(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F1 -(shopt)144 507.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F -1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 -(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.659 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 519.6 Q 3.691(yb) --.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F2 -(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82 +F0 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 483.6 S 3.86 +(cutable. The).15 F 1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F4 -.666(PA)3.86 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861 +(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.861 E F0 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F2 +(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 495.6 Q F0 2.649(,t)C .148 +(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.649 F F4 +-.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .148(If the) +4.648 F F1(sour)2.648 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .148(option to the)2.648 F F1 +(shopt)144 507.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2 +F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 +(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.66 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 519.6 Q 3.692(yb) +-.15 G 1.192(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.692 F F2 +(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.691 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.191(the positional pa-)3.691 F .82 (rameters are unchanged.)144 531.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F13.32 E F0 .82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 (yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 (fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 543.6 Q -(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15 +(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .823(trap string is sa)3.323 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1 -(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the) -3.323 F F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 -555.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F12.727 E F0 .227 +(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .822(unsets the) +3.322 F F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.322 E .226(while it e)144 +555.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726(cutes. If).15 F F12.727 E F0 .227 (is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is) --2.976 F .89(retained when)144 567.6 R F1(.)3.39 E F0 3.39 -(completes. The)3.39 F .891 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F .891 +(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.727(wv)-.25 G .227(alue is) +-2.977 F .891(retained when)144 567.6 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391 +(completes. The)3.391 F .891 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.391 F .89 (xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 579.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 596.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 608.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 608.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E F2(name)144 620.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 632.4 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 632.4 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 (tution when the alias is e)144 644.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 656.4 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 656.4 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 668.4 Q F1(bg)108 685.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -697.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 709.2 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 +697.2 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 709.2 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 (when job control is disabled or)144 721.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(59)199.835 E 0 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(59)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7282,30 +7292,30 @@ F2(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1 (function\255name)A F1(bind)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C (adline\255command).37 E F1(bind)108 172.8 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 184.8 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 196.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.539 G 2.539(riable. 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The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.43 G -(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .929 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2(dir) -3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 249.6 -R F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 -F F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 225.6 R F2(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) +-.25 F .929(the def)144 237.6 R 3.429(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.429 G +(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.429 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .93 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.179 F F2(dir) +3.78 E F0 3.43(:e).73 G(ach)-3.43 E .407(directory name in)144 249.6 R +F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F +F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 261.6 R 3.299 +.406(are sepa-)2.656 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 261.6 R 3.299 (An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F -3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 273.6 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('') -C 5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 +3.3(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.3 E -.74(``)144 273.6 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C +5.428(.I).74 G(f)-5.428 E F2(dir)3.278 E F0(be)3.658 E .428 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F12.928 E F0 .428 -(option causes)2.928 F F1(cd)2.928 E F0 .428(to use the)2.928 F(ph)144 -285.6 Q .168 +.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F12.927 E F0 .427 +(option causes)2.927 F F1(cd)2.927 E F0 .427(to use the)2.927 F(ph)144 +285.6 Q .167 (ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.667 E F0 .167(and before processing) -2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 297.6 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.668 E F0 .168(and before processing) +2.668 F 1.225(instances of)144 297.6 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 (dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F13.725 E F0 1.225 (option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 (iltin command\); the).2 F F13.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 -F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 309.6 R .411 +F .411(symbolic links to be follo)144 309.6 R .411 (wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..) 2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..) -2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 321.6 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84 -(,i)C 2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F -.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 333.6 R -.176(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F12.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 -2.675 E F0 2.675(,a)C .175(nd the current w)-2.675 F(ork-)-.1 E +2.912 E F0(ap-)2.912 E .341(pears in)144 321.6 R F2(dir)2.841 E F0 2.841 +(,i)C 2.841(ti)-2.841 G 2.841(sp)-2.841 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F +.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .34(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F2(dir)2.84 E F0(,)A .175(back to a slash or the be)144 333.6 R +.175(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.675 E F0 5.175(.I)C 2.675(ft)-5.175 G +(he)-2.675 E F12.676 E F0 .176(option is supplied with)2.676 F F1 +2.676 E F0 2.676(,a)C .176(nd the current w)-2.676 F(ork-)-.1 E .341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ - directory change,)144 345.6 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F -.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 357.6 R .357 -(On systems that support it, the)5.357 F F12.856 E F0 .356 -(option presents the e)2.856 F .356(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E -.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 369.6 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G -2.569(na)-5.069 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F12.569 E F0 -.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 -.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 381.6 R -.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F3(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F12.806 E F0 .306 -(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 393.6 Q .116(gument, and the directory c\ -hange is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww) --.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 + directory change,)144 345.6 R F1(cd)2.84 E F0 .34(will return)2.84 F +.356(an unsuccessful status.)144 357.6 R .356 +(On systems that support it, the)5.356 F F12.857 E F0 .357 +(option presents the e)2.857 F .357(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E .07 +(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 369.6 R 5.07(.A)-.65 G +2.569(na)-5.07 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F12.569 E F0 +.069(is con)2.569 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .069(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.569 E +F0 .069(before the direc-)2.319 F .306(tory change is attempted.)144 +381.6 R .306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.306 F F3(CDP)2.806 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F12.807 E +F0 .307(is the \214rst)2.807 F(ar)144 393.6 Q .116(gument, and the dire\ +ctory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.615 +(ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F .15 (tory is written to the standard output.)144 405.6 R .15 (If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 -(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 417.6 Q F0(en)2.957 -E .457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G -.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.958 E F0(en)2.958 -E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 429.6 R .126 +(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 417.6 Q F0(en)2.958 +E .458(vironment v)-.4 F .458(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G +.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.957 E F0(en)2.957 +E .457(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .125(able to the v)144 429.6 R .125 (alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) --.1 F .125(The return v)5.125 F .125(alue is true if the)-.25 F +-.1 F .126(The return v)5.126 F .126(alue is true if the)-.25 F (directory w)144 441.6 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E (alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0 (])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 -470.4 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -.065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b) -5.065 F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 -482.4 R F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe) +470.4 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +.065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b) +5.064 F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 +482.4 R F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502 -(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2 -(command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 494.4 R -.399(ault v)-.1 F .399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.4(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F -(If)5.4 E .175(either the)144 506.4 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2 -(command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E -F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 518.4 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F +(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2 +(command)3.202 E F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 494.4 R .4 +(ault v)-.1 F .4(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) +5.399 E .174(either the)144 506.4 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 518.4 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F .817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 -F F1144 530.4 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 542.4 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F1144 530.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 542.4 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 554.4 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 566.4 S +(command)144.2 554.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 566.4 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 (compgen)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 595.2 R +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 595.2 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 607.2 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 607.2 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 619.2 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 -2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F -.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 631.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 619.2 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F12.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 +F(mable completion f)144 631.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 655.2 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ @@ -7519,7 +7529,7 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 703.2 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(61)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(61)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7535,20 +7545,20 @@ F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho) -144 120 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2 -(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F -F13.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 +F1(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho) +144 120 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2 +(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F +F13.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 (options are supplied, e)144 132 R .139 -(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 -(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 +(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 144 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) 2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 156 R(The)6.207 E F1 -3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 168 R(`def)-.74 E +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 156 R(The)6.208 E F1 +3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 168 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 180 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 @@ -7556,56 +7566,56 @@ F13.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 (other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 192 R(`empty') -.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)-3.376 F -.447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 204 R(The)5.447 E F1 -2.947 E F0 .448 +.448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 204 R(The)5.447 E F1 +2.947 E F0 .447 (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 (should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 216 R -.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) -144 228 R F1(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F1(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 -(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 240 R F1 -3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve) +.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 +(limiter such as)144 228 R F1(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F1(|)3.521 E F0 +3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 240 R F1 +3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve) -.15 G(r).15 E F13.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F -3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 -3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H(f).15 E -F13.207 E F0(,)A F1144 252 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r)-2.603 E F1 -2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther) +3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 +3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H(f).15 E +F13.208 E F0(,)A F1144 252 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)-2.604 E F1 +2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther) -2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 264 Q .153 +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 264 Q .152 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -288 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300 +288 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 324 R .855 -.15 +E F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 324 R .856 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar) -5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 -E F0 3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 336 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 -3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 +E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 336 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 +3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F13.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 348 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 360 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 384 Q F2 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 396 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 408 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 420 Q -F1(default)184 432 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 432 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G -(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +F1(default)184 432 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 432 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) 224 444 Q F1(dir)184 456 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 468 Q F1(\214lenames)184 480 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 504 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 (cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 516 R .45 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 528 Q F1(noquote) 184 540 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 540 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F (\214lenames is the def)224 552 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 564 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 564 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 576 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 576 S @@ -7613,7 +7623,7 @@ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 576 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 576 S F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 588 Q F1 (plusdirs)184 600 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 600 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 612 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 612 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 624 Q F1144 636 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 648 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -7624,7 +7634,7 @@ Q F1144 636 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 648 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 708 S(iltin) .2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 708 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(62)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(62)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7664,57 +7674,58 @@ E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 396 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 396 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 408 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 -(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 432 Q F1144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5 +(completions. Ar)184 432 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 (The shell function)184 456 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 468 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 468 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 (are being completed, the second ar)184 480 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 492 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 504 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 492 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 504 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) -.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 516 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 540 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q +F1144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 540 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q F1144 564 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 576 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F1144 600 Q F3(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 600 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 612 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 -(each resultant w)184 636 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 648 Q .765 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 636 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 648 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 660 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 660 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 684 -Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +6.464 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 684 +Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 708 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 720 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(63) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(63) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7723,107 +7734,107 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in this case, an) 184 84 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.) -.15 E .467(The return v)144 100.8 R .467(alue is true unless an in)-.25 +.15 E .466(The return v)144 100.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.966 E F0(or)2.966 E F22.966 E F0 -.466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.861 E -F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15 -(ve a c)-.15 H 1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144 +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.967 E F0(or)2.967 E F22.967 E F0 +.467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.862 E +F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15 +(ve a c)-.15 H 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144 124.8 Q F0(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F2(compopt)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6 R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F1(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) -5.178 E F22.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.228(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.227(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.038 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F24.538 E F0 2.039 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 -(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.039 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F24.538 E F0 2.038 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.039 F(The)144 237.6 Q F23.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +-4.038 F(The)144 237.6 Q F23.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .868(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868 +F .867(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868 (ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) --3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .431(The return v)144 285.6 R +E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) +-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .432(The return v)144 285.6 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F (tions for a)144 297.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 314.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .851 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .85 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2 -(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F1(n)3.71 E F0 .85 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.703 E F0 -.203(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10 -/Symbol SF2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F1(n)3.064 E F0 .204 -(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 +(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F1(n)3.711 E F0 .851 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.704 E +F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F1(n)3.063 E F0 .203 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 (the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 350.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.683 E F0 -1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar) +G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar) 108 379.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.264 -(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.265 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 -(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) --3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) +-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 F F23.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 (utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 G(hen)-5.96 E F23.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 427.2 Q F1 -(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 +(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 (guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F22.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F22.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.275 E F22.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 439.2 Q -F1(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 451.2 Q .38 +2.775 E F22.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.274 E F22.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 439.2 Q +F1(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 451.2 Q .38 (utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 (If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F22.88 E F0(,)A F2 -(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144 -463.2 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F23.606 E F0 1.106 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 -475.2 R(The)5.299 E F22.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ - of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 -(and attrib)144 487.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F -F2(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F -F2(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 +463.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F23.606 E F0 1.107 +(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 +475.2 R(The)5.3 E F22.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ +function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 +487.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F2(extdeb)4.04 E +(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F2(shopt)4.04 E +F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 (name and line number where each)144 499.2 R F1(name)3.148 E F0 .648 (is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F23.148 E -F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F2144 511.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) --5.837 E F23.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 +F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F2144 511.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) +-5.836 E F23.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F2(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 523.2 Q -(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818 +(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F2(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 523.2 Q +(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 (cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 -(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F23.319 E -F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 535.2 S .694 -(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the) --.15 F F1(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 -F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F23.318 E +F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 535.2 S .693 +(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the) +-.15 F F1(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 +F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F (ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 547.2 R F1(name)3.32 E F0 .82 (at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 (xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F -.38(initially unset.)144 559.2 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379 -(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379 +.379(initially unset.)144 559.2 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379 +(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 (ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 571.2 Q(ute or to gi) -.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F2144 583.2 Q F0(Each)180 583.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) @@ -7832,29 +7843,29 @@ F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 595.2 Q F0(Each)180 595.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H (rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) -.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 607.2 Q F0(Use function names only)180 -607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 619.2 Q F0 .557(The v)180 619.2 R .558 +607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 619.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 619.2 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 631.2 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) -2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2144 643.2 Q -F0 .91(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +F0 .909(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 655.2 R +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 655.2 R (upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 667.2 -Q F0(Gi)180 667.2 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.819 E F0 -(the)3.819 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 -(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478 +Q F0(Gi)180 667.2 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.82 E F0 +(the)3.82 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477 (That other v)180 679.2 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 (alue of)-.25 F F1(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 -(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 691.2 Q .781 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782 -(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F23.282 E F0(attrib) -3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 703.2 R -.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 691.2 Q .782 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F23.281 E F0(attrib) +3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 703.2 R +.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(64)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(64)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7862,129 +7873,129 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) -3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.155 +3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.154 (alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 96 Q -F1144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 -(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +F1144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 (traps from the calling shell.)180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 132 -Q F0 .909(When the v)180 132 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +Q F0 .91(When the v)180 132 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 -E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 156 Q -F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 +(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo) +2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 +156 Q F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 (Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0 -.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 184.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0 +.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 184.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 196.8 Q F1 -(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 -E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(command, unless the)3.543 F F13.543 E F0 1.205 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 196.8 Q F1 +(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 +E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 +(command, unless the)3.544 F F13.544 E F0 1.205 (option is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 220.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 -(hen using)-5.218 F F12.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F12.718 E F0 -.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 220.8 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 +(hen using)-5.217 F F12.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F12.717 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 (ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 232.8 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\ n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) --2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 256.8 R .548 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F -1.749(array v)144 268.8 R 1.749 +/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na) +-2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 256.8 R .549 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F +1.748(array v)144 268.8 R 1.748 (ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)144 280.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F +F2(names)144 280.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 292.8 R 1.213 +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 292.8 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) -.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 304.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][) -C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .328 +C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q -F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 (The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 369.6 S (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q -F1144 393.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .881 +F1144 393.6 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .882 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 417.6 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F1 -144 429.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +144 429.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1144 477.6 Q F2 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .258(The return v)144 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .257(The return v)144 506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) .15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .121 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .122 (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 +3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 660 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 +5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 (terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 .602 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 -F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 -(escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F1 +(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 .601 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 +F F1(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659 +(escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 (does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) -.2 E(prets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(65)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(65)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8004,112 +8015,112 @@ Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S (the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) -2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 (the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 (the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 (abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b) +SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b) 144 376.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E -F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S +F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v) +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v) 144 400.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 -(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548 -(directories in which to search for)144 412.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 -5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F -(The)5.549 E F13.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547 -(delete a b)144 424.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) --.25 F F13.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 +(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549 +(directories in which to search for)144 412.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0 +5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F +(The)5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546 +(delete a b)144 424.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with) +-.25 F F13.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 (name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.546(n, or if the).15 F F13.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545 +.547(n, or if the).15 F F13.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546 (supplied, a list of shell b)144 436.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F --.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546 +-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545 (guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 448.8 R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F13.195 E F0 .695 (is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261 +(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262 (list printed includes all b)144 460.8 R .261 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F -(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269 +(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268 (plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 472.8 R F2(special) -2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268 -(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284 +2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269 +(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285 (is not a shell b)144 484.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 (will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 -(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785 -(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 496.8 R +(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784 +(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 496.8 R F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G 1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 508.8 S (iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G (uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 525.6 T(l).15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 537.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E -(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) --2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 561.6 Q +E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 537.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 +E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) +-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 561.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 590.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 602.4 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 590.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 602.4 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 (ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 614.4 R .48(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) 3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 -.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 626.4 Q F0 .639 -(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 626.4 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 638.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 638.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 650.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F -.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 650.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 662.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 674.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 --.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) --2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 674.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) +-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) .25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 686.4 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 703.2 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 703.2 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 715.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(66)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(66)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8118,41 +8129,41 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1 -(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E +(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257 (xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.626 E F1 -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2 +-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.627 E F1 +2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2 (names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2 -(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the) +(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the) .15 F F1144 132 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 144 S 1.446 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.548 E F0 +.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 144 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 156 S .742(lue of the v).25 -F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 180 Q F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 156 S .741(lue of the v).25 +F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 180 Q F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 220.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 244.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 +144 244.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 (is used as an of)144 256.8 R .071 (fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) 5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071 @@ -8163,10 +8174,10 @@ F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -.093(ing \(so that)144 292.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) -2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F2<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E -F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 304.8 Q +.092(ing \(so that)144 292.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510) +2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72> +4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E +F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 304.8 Q (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 328.8 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E @@ -8174,93 +8185,92 @@ F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 340.8 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.335(the editor gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 364.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 -(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) --.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 -(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 376.8 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2 -(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F -(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 388.8 Q .789(In the second form,)144 412.8 R F2 -(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 364.8 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F +.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) +3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 +376.8 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 +F .005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e) +5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 388.8 Q .788(In the second form,)144 412.8 +R F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 424.8 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72> -2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F -F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 436.8 Q F3 7.166 -(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) -3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 424.8 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> +2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 +2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 436.8 Q F3 7.165 +(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) +3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F (mand.)144 448.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 472.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 484.8 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 484.8 R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 520.8 Q +508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 520.8 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 549.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +144 549.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 561.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 561.6 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 573.6 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 585.6 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(getopts)108 602.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 (g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 614.4 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 626.4 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 626.4 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 650.4 R .636 (Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 -(tion in the shell v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) -2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G -.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 +(tion in the shell v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 +(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 (ment to be processed into the v)144 674.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND) -2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 +2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065 (is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 (shell script is in)144 686.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) .1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts) -3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566 -(the v)144 698.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 -.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 -(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 -(between multiple calls to)144 710.4 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 -(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F -2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 722.4 -Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(67)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567 +(the v)144 698.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 +.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389 +(between multiple calls to)144 710.4 R F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389 +(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F +2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 722.4 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(67)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.043 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.044 (When the end of options is encountered,)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F -2.044(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 96 +2.043(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 96 Q F0(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 120 Q F0 .485 @@ -8270,32 +8280,32 @@ SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 120 Q F0 .485 (parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F .345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F3(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 (porting is used.)144 168 R 1.668 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 180 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 180 +R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F (will be displayed, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F3(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 216 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F3(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 228 R F2(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +2.72 E .666(If an in)144 216 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) +.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F3(name)3.527 E +F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 +(and unsets)144 228 R F2(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F2(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 240 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 264 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F3(name)144.36 276 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1 -(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 288 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F2(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 312 Q F0 .902 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 +240 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 264 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) +-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() +3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 +(laced in)-3.742 F F3(name)144.36 276 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.714 E(ARG) +-.81 E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F +(If)5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 +F F1(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 288 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and) +2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.) +2.25 E F1(getopts)144 312 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 324 Q F1(hash)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 @@ -8304,23 +8314,23 @@ G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F3(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 (the directories in)144 364.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 376.8 -R F12.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F3 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 376.8 +R F12.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F3 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 (of the command.)144 388.8 R(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 400.8 R .293 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) -C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F12.794 E F0 .294 -(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 400.8 R .294 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) +C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F12.793 E F0 .293 +(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 412.8 R F3(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 (If multiple)5.028 F F3(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 424.8 R F12.675 E F0 -2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F3(name)2.675 E F0 .175 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1 -2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 424.8 R F12.676 E F0 +2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F3(name)2.676 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1 +2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 (be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 436.8 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 (n, or if only).15 F F13.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 @@ -8328,12 +8338,12 @@ C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F12.794 E F0 .294 .807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F3(name)144.36 460.8 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) .25 E F1(help)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 489.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F3(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 -501.6 R F3(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 +501.6 R F3(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 513.6 Q F1 144 525.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 525.6 Q F3 (pattern)2.5 E F1144 537.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) @@ -8350,13 +8360,13 @@ E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 566.4 Q F3 -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 667.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 679.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 679.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.881 E(MA)144 691.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F3 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +2.88 E(MA)144 691.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F3 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 703.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -8365,8 +8375,8 @@ F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F (not, the v)144 727.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(68) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(68) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8375,12 +8385,13 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.) 180 84 Q F1144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .389(Delete the history entry at position)180 108 R F2(of)2.889 E +F0 .39(Delete the history entry at position)180 108 R F2(of)2.889 E (fset)-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 -(is ne)2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89 -(ti)-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 120 -R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 +(is ne)2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G +2.889(ti)-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .598 +(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 120 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 (ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 132 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 @@ -8390,47 +8401,47 @@ R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 168 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start) 2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1144 180 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 180 -R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564 -(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1144 180 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 180 +R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564 +(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 (These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 192 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 204 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 204 R .773 + into the current history list.)180 204 R .772 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 216 R -.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E (sion.)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 240 Q F1 144 252 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 252 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 264 Q F0 .625 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 264 Q F0 .626 (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 264 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 276 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 300 Q F0 .362 -(Store the)180 300 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(normal history e)180 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 300 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 300 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 312 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 340.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 352.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 364.8 R .832 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F -.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 376.8 S .168(lid option\ +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 340.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 352.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 364.8 R .833 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F +.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 376.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ -\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 388.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) --.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341 -(he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341 +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +144 388.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 +(gument to)-.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 +(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34 (gument to)-.18 F F1144 400.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) 108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) 2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 429.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E @@ -8438,21 +8449,21 @@ F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 453.6 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 453.6 Q F1 -144 465.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 465.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 477.6 Q F1 +144 465.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 465.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 477.6 Q F1 144 489.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 489.6 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 501.6 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)180 501.6 Q F1144 513.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 513.6 Q(If)144 530.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 -E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 542.4 Q -.25 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 513.6 Q(If)144 530.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 542.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 559.2 R F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 559.2 R F1 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 571.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 @@ -8463,29 +8474,29 @@ E F1(kill)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) 144 612 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 (to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2 -(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.828 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 624 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 636 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 +(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 624 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 636 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 .427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) 3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 648 R -F12.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 648 R +F12.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 660 -R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144 -672 R F13.3 E F0 .8 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 684 R +F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 660 R +.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) +144 672 R F13.299 E F0 .799 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 684 R (The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E (successfully sent, or f)144 696 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(69)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(69)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8493,39 +8504,39 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(let)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 96 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .196(ARITHMETIC EV) -2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 108 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 96 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .197(ARITHMETIC EV) +2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 108 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) --2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) +-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 (name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F -(an)144 148.8 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F +(an)144 148.8 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -160.8 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +160.8 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 172.8 R F1 -(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 184.8 R F1(set)3.67 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 196.8 R .881 -(restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 -E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 -(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787 +(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 184.8 R F1(set) +3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 196.8 R .88 +(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E +F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881 +(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788 (that were in place before the function.)144 208.8 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 -(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v) -3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 220.8 R -.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 -(when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F +(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v) +3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 220.8 R +.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 +(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F (unless)144 232.8 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) 2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 @@ -8541,17 +8552,17 @@ F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 290.4 R +(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 290.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 302.4 -R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 302.4 +R F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 326.4 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 326.4 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 +E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.249 F(ha)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 326.4 Q F0 .911 +(The \214rst character of)180 326.4 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 (wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 338.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) 2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 350.4 Q F0(Cop)180 350.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 @@ -8570,32 +8581,32 @@ E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 422.4 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 422.4 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 439.2 Q F12.968 E F0 +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 439.2 Q F12.967 E F0 .467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 451.2 R 2.761(xo)-.15 -G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 463.2 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 451.2 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 463.2 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 475.2 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 492 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 508.8 Q F0 .797 -(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 (lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 520.8 S +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 520.8 S (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 537.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 -(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 -(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664 -(directory listed by)144 561.6 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 -(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and) +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091 +(se).15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592 +(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665 +(directory listed by)144 561.6 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665 +(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and) -3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 573.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 .551 @@ -8604,63 +8615,62 @@ H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 .551 (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 597.6 Q F1(+)144 609.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 -(from the stack.)180 621.6 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .779 -(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 633.6 Q F1144 -645.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he) --3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 -657.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779 +(from the stack.)180 621.6 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:) +-3.429 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 +.78(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 633.6 Q F1144 +645.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 +E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho) +B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with) +-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)180 657.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0) +2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E +(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093 (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 -674.4 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 -F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 686.4 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.696 G .196 +674.4 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1 +F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 686.4 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.697 G .196 (iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 -(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.697 -E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 698.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E -(Otherwise,)144 715.2 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 +(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696 +E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 698.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(Otherwise,)144 715.2 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o) --.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 727.2 Q +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o) +-.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 727.2 Q (xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(70)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(70)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.555(If the)144 -84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555 -(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556 -(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.556(If the)144 +84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556 +(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556 +(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F (stack, and the return status is 0.)144 96 Q F1(printf)108 112.8 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 -124.8 R F2(ar)2.858 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 -E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F12.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 +124.8 R F2(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 +E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F12.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 (tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 136.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 148.8 Q(The)144 172.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +F(output.)144 148.8 Q(The)144 172.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ - which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 + which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ +ape sequences, which are con)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 196.8 R .036 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 196.8 R .037 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 208.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 220.8 Q +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 220.8 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 232.8 Q F0(causes)180 232.8 Q F1(printf) -2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 +2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 244.8 Q(ay as) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 244.8 Q(ay as) -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 256.8 Q F0(causes)180 256.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F @@ -8668,257 +8678,257 @@ F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G (upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 (before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 292.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 -(causes)180 304.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 316.8 R F2 +(causes)180 304.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 316.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 328.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F -.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 (current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 340.8 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) -3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 352.8 R -.15 +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 352.8 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 364.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901 +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 364.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902 (The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G -.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902 -(guments from the format)-.18 F .358(speci\214cation and write that man) -144 393.6 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357 -(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.858 F .357 +.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901 +(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man) +144 393.6 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358 +(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358 (xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E (which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 405.6 Q -(Ar)144 422.4 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ -ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F -1.259(minus sign is allo)144 434.4 R 1.259 +(Ar)144 422.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ +ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F +1.258(minus sign is allo)144 434.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 446.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 463.2 Q F2(format)2.514 E -F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) -2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -475.2 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 446.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 463.2 Q F2(format)2.515 E +F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) +2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +475.2 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) -.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) +.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 487.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) 108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ -ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 528 R 3.14(wt)-.25 -G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 540 R .089 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ +tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 528 R 3.139(wt)-.25 +G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 540 R .088 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F +(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F (the directory stack.)144 552 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 564 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating or a\ dding directories to the)180 564 R (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 576 Q F1(+)144 588 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 -1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 +F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 +1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268 (wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 600 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 612 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 (Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 636 Q F0(Adds)180 636 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435 -(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 652.8 R F12.935 E -F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.934 E F0 -.434(uses the)2.934 F F1(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F +(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434 +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 652.8 R F12.934 E +F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0 +.435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F (change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 664.8 Q(If the)5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 (returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 681.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 -(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093 -(When rotating the directory stack,)144 693.6 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092 -(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-) --.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 705.6 Q 1.277 -(If the)144 722.4 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277 -(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F1(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278 -(to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(71)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 693.6 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-) +-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 705.6 Q 1.278 +(If the)144 722.4 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278 +(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277 +(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(71)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(stack.)144 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 112.8 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 124.8 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 136.8 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 136.8 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 148.8 R -.25(va) -.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 160.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -177.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E -F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E -F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E -F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A +177.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E +F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E +F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E +F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A ([)108 189.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 201.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q -F12.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435 +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q +F12.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435 (ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w) --2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 225.6 R F2 -(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 +(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w) +-2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 225.6 R F2 +(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 (ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 -(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 +(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236 (than names, the remaining w)144 237.6 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 -F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E -F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 249.6 R .874(wer w) +F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E +F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 249.6 R .875(wer w) -.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 261.6 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F -.518(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 -(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 273.6 R +ames are assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 261.6 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F +.517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 273.6 R .026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 +(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488 (be used to remo)144 285.6 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E (tions, if supplied, ha)144 297.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 309.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 309.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026 (The w)180 321.6 R 1.026 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F +-.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F2(aname)180.33 333.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 (ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 345.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 357.6 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 369.6 Q F0(is the empty string,) -2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 357.6 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 369.6 Q F0 +(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 381.6 Q F0 .372 +144 381.6 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 381.6 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) -2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) +2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E (acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E (ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) +-.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) -.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 -(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 +(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 (aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 465.6 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .669 +R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .67 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 549.6 Q F0 (option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 561.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) -3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 585.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 597.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 -609.6 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E +144 597.6 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 +609.6 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) 180 621.6 Q F1144 633.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 633.6 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 645.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 657.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +144 645.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 657.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 669.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 681.6 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -693.6 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 705.6 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +693.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 705.6 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 717.6 S (riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) 2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.041(The e)180 729.6 R 1.041 +G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.042(The e)180 729.6 R 1.041 (xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.041 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.541(,o)-.4 G 3.542 -(rt)-3.541 G 1.042(he read will)-3.542 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(72)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.541(,o)-.4 G 3.541 +(rt)-3.541 G 1.041(he read will)-3.541 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(72)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .707(return EOF) -180 84 R 3.207(,n)-.8 G .707(on-zero otherwise.)-3.207 F .707(The e) -5.707 F .707(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .706(return EOF) +180 84 R 3.206(,n)-.8 G .706(on-zero otherwise.)-3.206 F .706(The e) +5.706 F .707(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F (x-)-.15 E(ceeded.)180 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 108 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522(If no)144 124.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F -.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144 +.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 136.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 (xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 -(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96 +(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -148.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 +148.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 (signing to a readonly v)144 160.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1144 172.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 +.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1144 172.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 189.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) -2.5 E .77(The gi)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 -F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 -(quent assignment.)144 213.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 -1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 225.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 +(quent assignment.)144 213.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 225.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 237.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 249.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 237.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 249.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 +.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 273.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -285.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 273.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +285.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) @@ -8926,147 +8936,147 @@ to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 (is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 309.6 Q F0 (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 326.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 338.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 338.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 (the return status is that of the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E -F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 362.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) +-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) 144 374.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 -(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 -(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 +.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 +(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 (its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 434.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 446.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 458.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 458.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 470.4 Q F1 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 470.4 Q F1 (set)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 (set)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -511.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 -(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574 +511.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574 +(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573 (ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 (as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 523.2 R 2.613 (ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 -(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 535.2 +(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 535.2 R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) -.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 -F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 547.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G -.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 -G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16 +F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 547.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581 +(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G +-.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161 (tion processing are treated as v)144 559.2 R .161 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F -2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 571.2 Q F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 583.2 Q -F0 1.378(Each v)184 583.2 R 1.377 +2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 571.2 Q F0(,)A F1 +2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 583.2 Q F0 +1.377(Each v)184 583.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 595.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 607.2 Q F0 .131 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 595.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 607.2 Q F0 .132 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 607.2 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 619.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 631.2 Q F0 -.088(Exit immediately if a)184 631.2 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 643.2 Q -F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR) -4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521 -(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 655.2 -R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 631.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 643.2 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F +1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 +655.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 (ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 667.2 Q -1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 --.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 679.2 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) --.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 691.2 R -F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) --3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 703.2 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 +1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 679.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 691.2 R +F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) +-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E +-.25(va)184 703.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 (non-zero status because a command f)184 715.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 727.2 R 2.678 -(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 -(option applies to)2.677 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E -(73)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 727.2 R 2.677 +(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 +(option applies to)2.678 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E +(73)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .617(the shell en) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .618(the shell en) 184 84 R .617(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617 -(vironment separately \(see)-.4 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .618 -(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 96 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo) +(vironment separately \(see)-.4 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617 +(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 96 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo) 2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643 -(xit before e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F -(the commands in the subshell.)184 108 Q .998 +(xit before e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F +(the commands in the subshell.)184 108 Q .999 (If a compound command or shell function e)184 126 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .999 -(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -3.499 E F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e) +(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +3.498 E F0 .998(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e) 184 138 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089 -(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502 -(will be af)184 150 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F23.002 E F0 .502 +(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .503 +(will be af)184 150 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F23.002 E F0 .502 (setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F2 -3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503 -(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 162 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684 -(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F24.183 E F0 -1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) --.15 E(where)184 174 Q F23.153 E F0 .653 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F +3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .502 +(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 162 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683 +(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F24.184 E F0 +1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) +-.15 E(where)184 174 Q F23.154 E F0 .654 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F (or the command containing the function call completes.)184 186 Q F2 144 198 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 198 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 144 210 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 210 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F(abled by def)184 222 -Q(ault.)-.1 E F2144 234 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 234 R .514 +-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F(abled by def)184 222 +Q(ault.)-.1 E F2144 234 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 234 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 246 Q F2 -144 258 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 258 R .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 +144 258 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 258 R .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 (on systems that support it \(see)184 270 R F1 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 282 R .678 +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 282 R .679 (When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 294 S(it status.).15 E F2144 306 Q F0 .652 -(Read commands b)184 306 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 -(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 318 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 294 S(it status.).15 E F2144 306 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)184 306 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 318 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2144 330 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 342 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 (can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2(allexport)184 354 Q F0 @@ -9083,14 +9093,14 @@ F0 2.5(option. This)224 426 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) (functrace)184 462 Q F0(Same as)224 474 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 (hashall)184 486 Q F0(Same as)224 486 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 (histexpand)184 498 Q F0(Same as)224 510 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(history)184 522 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 522 R 3.087(,a) +(history)184 522 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 522 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF (.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 534 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(ignor)184 -546 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 558 R 1.656 +546 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 558 R 1.657 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 570 Q F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F2 -.1(ke)184 582 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 594 Q F2 2.5 E F0(.)A F2(monitor)184 606 Q F0(Same as)224 606 Q F22.5 @@ -9101,111 +9111,111 @@ F2(noglob)184 654 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(nolog) (Same as)224 678 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(nounset)184 690 Q F0(Same as) 224 690 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(onecmd)184 702 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(ph)184 714 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 714 Q -F22.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(74) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F22.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(74) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pipefail)184 84 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)224 84 R 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 96 R +SF(pipefail)184 84 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 84 R 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 96 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) -.15 F -.15(ex)224 108 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 120 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)224 120 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 120 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). 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If)184 426 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391 +parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 414 R .459(ariables \ +subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e) +-.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 426 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25 -F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)-2.891 F +F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89 F (error message, and, if not interacti)184 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) .15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1144 450 Q F0 (Print shell input lines as the)184 450 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 462 Q F0 .315(After e)184 462 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0 (command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E -F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 474 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) +F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 474 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) .25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 (wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 486 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E (guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1144 498 Q F0 -1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 498 R 1.206(xpansion \(see)-.15 F -F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705 -(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)184 510 S(ult.).1 E F1 -144 522 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 522 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213 -(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 498 R 1.205(xpansion \(see)-.15 F +F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706 +(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F -.1(fa)184 510 S(ult.).1 E F1 +144 522 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 522 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214 +(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 534 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F +3.053(tors. 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The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 582 Q F1 -144 594 Q F0(Enable)184 594 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 -(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 606 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 618 Q F0 .96 +144 558 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 558 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 582 Q F1 +144 594 Q F0(Enable)184 594 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 606 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 618 Q F0 .959 (If set, the shell does not resolv)184 618 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452 -(that change the current w)184 630 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 -(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453 -(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. 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The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 690 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 702 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 -(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q -F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +F0 .401(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(75)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(75)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) +SF144 84 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) 184 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297 -(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 -F 3.021(rameters. The)184 96 R F13.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1 +(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 +F 3.022(rameters. The)184 96 R F13.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1 3.022 E F0 .522(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522 -(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522 +(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521 (s, the positional pa-)B(rameters remain unchanged.)184 108 Q .425 (The options are of)144 124.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef) -2.925 E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 148.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 160.8 Q F1(shift)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.583 -E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 213.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 237.6 Q F1(shopt)108 254.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 290.4 R .065 +F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 290.4 R .066 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 302.4 R F2 @@ -9279,126 +9289,126 @@ E(options ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E 338.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 350.4 Q F0 (Disable \(unset\) each)180 350.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 -E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 398.4 Q F0 (Restricts the v)180 398.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 415.2 R F1 -3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 415.2 R F1 +3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 -(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) --.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.) +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 +(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) +-.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.) .1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 456 -R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F +R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) -.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.945 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.944 (If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 526.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 (rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 538.8 R .885 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 (ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 550.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 -(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .2 +(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .199 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 562.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 574.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 610.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 622.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 658.8 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)3.236 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)3.237 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 694.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 706.8 -Q F0 .449(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 730.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(76)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +Q F0 .448(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 730.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(76)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .817 -(attempted without an interv)184 84 R .817(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F1 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF .816(JOB CONTR)3.316 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.066 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.316(\). The).15 F .816(shell al-)3.316 F -.1(wa)184 96 S +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .816 +(attempted without an interv)184 84 R .816(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F1 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF .817(JOB CONTR)3.316 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.067 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.317(\). The).15 F .817(shell al-)3.317 F -.1(wa)184 96 S (ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) -2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 108 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 120 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 (ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 132 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851 -(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F1(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 132 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85 +(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F1(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F1(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 (This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 144 S(ult.).1 E F2 -(cmdhist)144 156 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 156 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 -(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 +(cmdhist)144 156 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 156 R F2(bash)2.673 E F0 .173 +(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) -184 168 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 +184 168 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.287(ult, b).1 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.288(ult, b).1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)184 192 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F2 (compat31)144 204 Q(compat32)144 216 Q(compat40)144 228 Q(compat41)144 240 Q(compat42)144 252 Q(compat43)144 264 Q(compat44)144 276 Q(compat50) 144 288 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 300 R 3.389 (sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F1 .889(SHELL COMP) 3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 312 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(complete_fullquote)144 328.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 340.8 +(w\).)-.25 E F2(complete_fullquote)144 328.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 340.8 R F2(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ -s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 -(forming completion.)184 352.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F2(bash)4.024 +s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 +(forming completion.)184 352.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F2(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -364.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 376.8 R .028 -(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 -(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 388.8 R 1.073 +364.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 376.8 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 388.8 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 400.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 400.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 412.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 424.8 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 441.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 -(If set,)184 453.6 R F2(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 441.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 453.6 R F2(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 -465.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 -477.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 494.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 -494.4 R F2(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 +.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 +465.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) +184 477.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 494.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +494.4 R F2(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 506.4 Q(xist.)-.15 E F2(dotglob)144 523.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 523.2 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0 @@ -9408,51 +9418,51 @@ E F2(dotglob)144 523.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 523.2 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0 .63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 552 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 -552 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 +(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 552 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184 +552 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 564 Q F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 580.8 Q F0 .716 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 580.8 Q F0 .717 (If set, aliases are e)184 592.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F -1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 (This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 604.8 Q(ault for interacti) -.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(extdeb)144 621.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 (cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 +.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 (before the shell starts, identical to the)184 645.6 R F2 -3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 657.6 Q +3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 657.6 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F2(1.)184 -674.4 Q F0(The)220 674.4 Q F24.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 -F F2(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +674.4 Q F0(The)220 674.4 Q F24.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F +F2(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 686.4 Q(gument.)-.18 E F2(2.)184 703.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) 220 703.2 R F2(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) 4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E (command is skipped and not e)220 715.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(77)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(77)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.341 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 +SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.34 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841 (alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 96 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 108 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 124.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 -124.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 +124.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 -136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 153.6 Q F0 1.637(Function trac\ -ing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 +136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(5.)184 153.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tr\ +acing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 153.6 R(shells in)220 165.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith) -2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 @@ -9469,68 +9479,68 @@ F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 252 R F1 (${)3.36 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 (pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 264 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 280.8 Q -F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)184 280.8 R .243 +F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)184 280.8 R .243 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 (xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 292.8 Q(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 309.6 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 321.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +.936(If set, the suf)184 321.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 333.6 R +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 333.6 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G -.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 345.6 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 +.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 345.6 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 357.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 374.4 Q -F0 2.518(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +F0 2.519(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) -3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 410.4 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F -F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 422.4 R F1 -(A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) --3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 +F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 422.4 R F1 +(A)3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) +-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 434.4 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globskipdots)144 451.2 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 463.2 R .284 +F1(globskipdots)144 451.2 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 463.2 R .285 (xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 (atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e) -.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-) --2.785 F(tern be)184 475.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 +F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.784 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.784(,e) +.63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-) +-2.784 F(tern be)184 475.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 (.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 -E F1(globstar)144 492 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 492 R F1(**) -3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F -.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +E F1(globstar)144 492 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 492 R F1(**) +3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F +.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 504 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 516 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 532.8 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are wri\ tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 544.8 Q F1 (histappend)144 561.6 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -573.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +573.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 585.6 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 602.4 Q(eedit) --.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 614.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E -F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 -G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 626.4 Q F1(histv)144 643.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 614.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E +F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 +G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 626.4 Q F1(histv)144 643.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 (If set, and)184 655.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 667.2 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 679.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 667.2 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 679.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 696 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -720 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(78) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(hostcomplete)144 696 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +720 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(78) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9541,9 +9551,9 @@ BP /Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)144 100.8 Q F0(If set,)184 112.8 Q F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 129.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 129.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 (If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 141.6 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 (option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 153.6 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) @@ -9552,73 +9562,73 @@ BP F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) -.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 194.4 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F (enabled by def)184 206.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 223.2 Q F0 .066 (If set, and job control is not acti)184 223.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 (,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E (cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 235.2 Q(vironment.) --.4 E F1(lithist)144 252 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 252 R F1(cmdhist) -3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +-.4 E F1(lithist)144 252 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 252 R F1(cmdhist) +3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F (with embedded ne)184 264 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 280.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 292.8 R +(localv)144 280.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 292.8 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -304.8 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 -(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 316.8 Q -F1(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 345.6 R -F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F -.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +304.8 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 +(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 316.8 Q +F1(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 345.6 R +F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ the beha)184 357.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 369.6 Q (ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 386.4 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -398.4 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 410.4 S(lue may not be changed.) -.25 E F1(mailwar)144 427.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that) -184 439.2 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +398.4 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 410.4 S(lue may not be changed.) +.25 E F1(mailwar)144 427.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that) +184 439.2 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F -.1(wa)184 451.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) -.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 468 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 492 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 508.8 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 520.8 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 -.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) --.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 532.8 S +(nocaseglob)144 508.8 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 520.8 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 532.8 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 549.6 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -561.6 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 -(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 573.6 R +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 549.6 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +561.6 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 573.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 -F -.1(wo)184 585.6 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ +F -.1(wo)184 585.6 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 -597.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 614.4 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 626.4 R -F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ +597.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 614.4 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 626.4 R +F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 638.4 Q (If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 -(nullglob)144 655.2 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 667.2 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0 -(allo)3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 --.1(Pa)3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.355(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 679.2 S +(nullglob)144 655.2 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 667.2 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0 +(allo)3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.1(Pa)3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.354(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 679.2 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1 -(patsub_r)144 696 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash) -2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E -F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F -.527(the te)184 720 R .527 -(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.028 G -.528(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.028 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.528(.T).15 G -(his)-5.528 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(79)199.835 E 0 -Cg EP +(patsub_r)144 696 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .105(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash) +2.605 E F0 -.15(ex)2.605 G .105(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E +F0 .106(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F +.528(the te)184 720 R .528 +(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.027 G +.527(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.027 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.527(.T).15 G +(his)-5.527 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(79)198.165 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9626,24 +9636,24 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr) -144 100.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f) -184 112.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +144 100.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f) +184 112.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E (are enabled.)184 124.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 141.6 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 (If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 153.6 R F1(bash) 4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 165.6 Q -3.289(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 -(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 +3.288(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 (xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 177.6 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 189.6 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E -F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 (If set, prompt strings under)184 218.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 -230.4 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G +1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 +230.4 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G (.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 242.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18 (re)144 259.2 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) @@ -9652,51 +9662,50 @@ F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 295.2 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 -E F1(shift_v)144 312 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 324 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 +E F1(shift_v)144 312 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 324 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 336 Q F1(sour) -144 352.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 364.8 R F1(.)3.27 E F0 -(\()3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 -F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 376.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 393.6 S(rr).1 -E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If set, the shell automatically closes \214l\ -e descriptors assigned using the)184 405.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .423(rection syntax \(see)184 417.6 R -F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo)2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G -.424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F -(mand completes.)184 429.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 -458.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .91(Suspend the e)144 487.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .91(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)-.001 E F0 3.409(signal. A)3.159 F .909 -(login shell, or a shell)3.409 F .752 -(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 499.2 R F1 -3.252 E F0 .753(option can be used to o)3.253 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.753(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 511.2 R .107(T\ +144 352.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 364.8 R F1(.)3.271 E +F0(\()3.271 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 376.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 393.6 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If \ +set, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using t\ +he)184 405.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E +.424(rection syntax \(see)184 417.6 R F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo) +2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G .424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424 +(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 429.6 Q F1 +(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 458.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .909 +(Suspend the e)144 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .909 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.41(signal. A)3.16 F .91(login shell, or a shell)3.41 F +.753(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 499.2 R +F13.253 E F0 .752(option can be used to o)3.252 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +.752(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 511.2 R .107(T\ he return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell or job control \ is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 523.2 Q F12.5 E F0 (is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 540 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 552 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 552 R .878 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +108 552 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 552 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 564 S (pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36 -(primaries described abo)144 576 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)3.86 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.361(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.861(yo)-.15 G(p-) --3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 588 Q(gument of) --.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 606 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 618 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361 +(primaries described abo)144 576 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-)-3.86 +E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 588 Q(gument of)-.18 E +F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 606 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 618 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F (used when there are \214v)144 630 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) -2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 642 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 642 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) @@ -9712,7 +9721,7 @@ F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 714 S (pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 730.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(80)199.835 +(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(80)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 81 81 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -9726,10 +9735,10 @@ BP E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 -F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +168 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E @@ -9739,35 +9748,35 @@ F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A -F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ +F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) --.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 E F0(and) -3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 E F0(and) +3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 (three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 (alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q +E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 +(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 276 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 (he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .429(The follo)180 312 R .429 -(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43 -(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.93 E F0 2.93(,t)C -.43(he re-)-2.93 F 1.315(sult is the ne)180 324 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314 -(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 -(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744 -(ments. the)180 336 R(tw)2.744 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.745(guments. If)-.18 -F .245(the \214rst ar)2.745 F(gument)-.18 E .31(is e)180 348 R(xactly) --.15 E F1(\()2.81 E F0 .31(and the fourth ar)2.81 F .31(gument is e)-.18 -F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .309(he result is the tw) --2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .309(gument test of the)-.18 F .183 -(second and third ar)180 360 R 2.683(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184 -(the e)2.684 F .184(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .184 +(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 312 R .43 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429 +(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.929 E F0 2.929 +(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 324 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 +(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745 +(ments. the)180 336 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18 +F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 348 R(xactly) +-.15 E F1(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309(gument is e) +-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 +(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F +.184(second and third ar)180 360 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184 +(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .183 (luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 384 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E (guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 396 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) @@ -9780,44 +9789,45 @@ E F1(times)108 442.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 442.8 R (The return status is 0.)144 454.8 Q F1(trap)108 471.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .683(The command)144 483.6 R F4(ar) -3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0 .683(is to be read and e)3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.182 E F4(sigspec)3.522 E F0 5.682(.I).31 G(f)-5.682 E F4 -(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.402 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) +(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command)144 483.6 R F4(ar) +3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F4(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F4 +(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) 144 495.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 507.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +.658(\(the v)144 507.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 519.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +144.34 519.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 531.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 543.6 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 (signal. The)144 555.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 567.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 567.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E (names are case insensiti)144 579.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .667(If a)144 597.6 R F4 -(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F2(EXIT)3.167 E F0 .667 -(\(0\) the command)2.917 F F4(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .666(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.666(If a)5.666 F F4(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F2(DE-)3.166 E -.09 -(BU)144 609.6 S(G).09 E F3(,)A F0 .483(the command)2.733 F F4(ar)3.313 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .483(is e)3.203 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 .484(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F4(for) -2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F4(case)2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F4 -(select)144 621.6 Q F0 .563(command, e)3.063 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 +F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a)144 597.6 R F4 +(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F2(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 +(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F4(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +.667(If a)5.667 F F4(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F2(DE-)3.167 E -.09 +(BU)144 609.6 S(G).09 E F3(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F4(ar)3.314 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 .483(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F4(for) +2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F4(case)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F4 +(select)144 621.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 (ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)3.063 E F0 .563 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .562 -(cutes in a shell).15 F .622(function \(see)144 633.6 R F2 .622 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 633.6 R F2 .622 (SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .622(option to the)3.122 F F1(shopt)144 645.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 @@ -9828,38 +9838,38 @@ F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 (cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 669.6 S -(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 687.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F2 -(ERR)3.461 E F3(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ +(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 687.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F2 +(ERR)3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 699.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 -711.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 723.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(81) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +ro e)144 699.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +711.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 723.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E +(81)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 82 82 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .778 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .777 (of a command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778(list e) 3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778(wing the \214nal)-.25 F -F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G +F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 96 R 1.28 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!) 3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 108 Q(yed by the) -.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E .133 +(ption.)-2.5 E .132 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -126 R -.35(Tr)5.132 G .132(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +126 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 (ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 138 R .117 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 (vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 150 R @@ -9867,73 +9877,73 @@ F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!) SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1 (trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 166.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4 -(Wi)144 178.8 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G -(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +(Wi)144 178.8 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G +(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F F1144 190.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 .715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 (,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 -(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 202.8 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 202.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 214.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 226.8 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .528(mand name, or nothing if) +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) 144 238.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 -E F13.028 E F0 .529(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF --.666(PA)3.029 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .007(search for each)144 250.8 R F2(name) -2.507 E F0 2.507(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.757 G 2.507(ni).15 G(f)-2.507 E F3 .007 -(type -t name)2.507 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.006(.I).18 G 2.506(fac)-5.006 G .006 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.506 F F12.506 E F0(and)144 262.8 Q F1 -3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 +E F13.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 250.8 R F2(name) +2.506 E F0 2.506(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F3 .007 +(type -t name)2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2 +(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007 +(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F12.507 E F0(and)144 262.8 Q F1 +3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731 -(If the)5.231 F F1144 274.8 Q F0 .824(option is used,)3.324 F F1 -(type)3.324 E F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.324 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .823(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.683 E F0 5.823(.T).18 -G .823(his in-)-5.823 F 1.176 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) +5.23 F F1144 274.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 +E F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .824(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824 +(his in-)-5.824 F 1.176 (cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 286.8 R F1 -3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.177 +3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 (The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) 144 298.8 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 310.8 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) -5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 322.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 339.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) +144 310.8 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) +5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 322.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 339.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255HS)A F0(])A F12.5 E(ulimit)108 351.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 363.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 363.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 411.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +.742(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024 +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 435.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 (is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 -(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984 -(source is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F13.484 E F0 .984 -(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 +(source is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F13.485 E F0 .984 +(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 (limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 459.6 R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 @@ -9955,7 +9965,7 @@ Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 519.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) (The maximum resident set size \(man)180 591.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 603.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 603.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +180 603.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F (be set\))180 615.6 Q F1144 627.6 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 627.6 Q F1 144 639.6 Q F0 @@ -9967,7 +9977,8 @@ Q F1144 663.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 663.6 Q F1144 (va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 699.6 Q F0 .47 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 699.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -711.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(82)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +711.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(82)198.165 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 83 83 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9982,20 +9993,20 @@ in microseconds)180 108 Q F1144 120 Q F0 /Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 160.8 R F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) -3.17 F F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,) -A F1144 172.8 Q F0(,)A F13.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E +A F1144 172.8 Q F0(,)A F13.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.736 E F0(and)3.736 E -F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238 +F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239 (512-byte increments.)144 184.8 R .238 -(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 +(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 (lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F (error occurs while setting a ne)144 196.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 @@ -10005,87 +10016,87 @@ F1(umask)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ pted by)144 237.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -249.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +249.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 261.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 273.6 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 285.6 Q +(mode)144.38 273.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 285.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 (unalias)108 302.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 314.4 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E -F13.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 314.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E +F13.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) 3.258 F(mo)144 326.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 343.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 355.2 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0 -3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 355.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 +3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 -(If the)6.303 F F13.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 367.2 Q F0 .464 -(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 379.2 R F1 -2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 +(If the)6.303 F F13.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 367.2 Q F0 .465 +(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 379.2 R F1 +2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 .269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) -2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 391.2 R F12.903 E +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 391.2 R F12.904 E F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) 2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F -.72(rather than the v)144 403.2 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 -5.72 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F -.736(are supplied, each)144 415.2 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736 -(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737 -(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144 -427.2 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F +(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F +.719(rather than the v)144 403.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1 +3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 +(are supplied, each)144 415.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) +3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 +(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 +427.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F 1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171 +-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 (passed to subsequent commands.)144 439.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) -.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 451.2 S -(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 +.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 451.2 S +(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) +F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) 144 463.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -475.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) -4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya) --.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 487.2 Q(The e)5 E +475.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) +4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G +1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 487.2 Q(The e)5 E (xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 516 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\ ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) -3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process)3.929 F .009 +3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 (ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 528 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008 -(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E -F2(id)144.01 540 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 -(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 +G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 +(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E +F2(id)144.01 540 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 +(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598 +.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 (tion, if its process id is the same as)144 552 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 -(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F1 -3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 564 Q F0 --.1(wa)3.082 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) +(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1 +3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 564 Q F0 +-.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) 3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15 -G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 576 R .404 +G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 576 R .403 (xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 -(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .572 +(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573 (are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 588 R .573 -(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .573 -(If the)5.573 F F13.073 E F0 .573(option is)3.073 F .39 +(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572 +(If the)5.573 F F13.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39 (supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e) 144 600 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) 144 612 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 @@ -10094,352 +10105,358 @@ G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 576 R .404 (an)144 624 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 (is useful only when the)3.89 F F13.89 E F0 1.39 (option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F13.89 E F0 -(option,)3.89 E .574(when job control is enabled, forces)144 636 R F1 +(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 636 R F1 (wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0 -.575(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 +.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 (stead of returning when it changes status.)144 648 R(If)5.635 E F2(id) 3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 -(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F(status is 127.)144 660 Q -(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5 E -(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 676.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G -(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.354(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 -688.8 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C -1.355(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 -700.8 S .399(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.899 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.899 -E F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.899 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.899 E F0 2.899(,a)C -.399(nd so on\).)-2.899 F .398(There is only one current compatibility) -5.398 F(le)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(l-).15 G 3.253(-e)-3.253 G -.753(ach option is mutually e)-3.253 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.753(.T).15 G .753(he compatibility le)-5.753 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254 -(li).15 G 3.254(si)-3.254 G .754(ntended to allo)-3.254 F 3.254(wu)-.25 -G .754(sers to select be-)-3.254 F(ha)108 724.8 Q 1.084(vior from pre) --.2 F 1.084(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne) --.15 F 1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.583(ym)-.15 G -1.083(igrate scripts to use)-3.583 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(83)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 660 R +(If)5.801 E F1(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the ret\ +urn status will be greater than 128, as de-)3.301 F .019(scribed under) +144 672 R F1(SIGN)2.519 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(abo)2.519 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.019 +(.O).15 G .019(therwise, the return status is the e)-5.019 F .02 +(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 684 Q(aited for)-.1 +E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 700.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 +G(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 +712.8 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C +1.354(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 +724.8 S .398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 +E F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C +.399(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility) +5.399 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(83)198.165 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 84 84 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(current features and beha)108 84 Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E -2.5(si)-.55 G(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.456 -(This section does not mention beha)108 100.8 R 1.457 -(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.457 -(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat32)3.957 E F0 -.887(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 112.8 R(ge)-.15 E .886 -(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .886 -(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 124.8 Q -(ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E -.522(If a user enables, say)108 141.6 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E F0 -3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)-.25 -F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(ls up to and includ-).15 F .26(ing the current compatibility le)108 -153.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(l. 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