From: Chet Ramey Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 03:03:26 +0000 (-0500) Subject: commit bash-20100722 snapshot X-Git-Tag: bash-4.3-alpha~164 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=9ec5ed66405529e0d4d7edc5636c692e75edfccd;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20100722 snapshot --- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index a89609996..ac3acbd25 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -10219,3 +10219,32 @@ parse.y - fix problem in parse_comsub where extra space was added to here-doc delimiter if the first word in the comsub contained a `/'. Fixes bug reported by Alex Khesin + + 7/20 + ---- +parse.y + - change reserved_word_acceptable to return success if the last two + tokens read were `function WORD'. Allows function definitions like + function good [[ -x foo ]];. Fixes bug reported by Linda Walsh + + +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - change function definition meta-syntax to make it clearer, rather + than let the text note the optional portions + + 7/24 + ---- +bashhist.c + - change bash_history_inhibit_expansion() to suppress history expansion + for $! parameter expansion. Fixes debian bug #589745 submitted by + Frank Heckenbach + +lib/readline/terminal.c + - change rl_resize_terminal to always fetch the new terminal size and + only force the redisplay if _rl_echoing_p is non-zero. Fixes bug + reported by Balazs Kezes + + 7/25 + ---- +lib/readline/xfree.c + - new file, contains definition of xfree moved from xmalloc.c diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ index 11095486e..fb2bdb6b0 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ @@ -10200,3 +10200,46 @@ jobs.[ch] execute_cmd.c - changes to lastpipe code to make `pipefail' option, $PIPESTATUS, and $? work correctly. Uses append_process and job_exit_status + + 7/10 + ---- +subst.c + - when performing pattern substitution word expansions, a `&' in the + replacement string is replaced by the text matched by the pattern. + The `&' can be quoted with a backslash to inhibit the expansion + + 7/13 + ---- +pcomplib.[ch] + - new member for struct compspec: lcommand. for future use + + 7/15 + ---- +parse.y + - fix problem in parse_comsub where extra space was added to here-doc + delimiter if the first word in the comsub contained a `/'. Fixes + bug reported by Alex Khesin + + 7/20 + ---- +parse.y + - change reserved_word_acceptable to return success if the last two + tokens read were `function WORD'. Allows function definitions like + function good [[ -x foo ]];. Fixes bug reported by Linda Walsh + + +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - change function definition meta-syntax to make it clearer, rather + than let the text note the optional portions + + 7/24 + ---- +bashhist.c + - change bash_history_inhibit_expansion() to suppress history expansion + for $! parameter expansion. Fixes debian bug #589745 submitted by + Frank Heckenbach + +lib/readline/terminal.c + - change rl_resize_terminal to always fetch the new terminal size and + only force the redisplay if _rl_echoing_p is non-zero. Fixes bug + reported by Balazs Kezes diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 2e9dfb77b..efcdbb0c9 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -315,6 +315,7 @@ lib/readline/funmap.c f lib/readline/keymaps.c f lib/readline/util.c f lib/readline/terminal.c f +lib/readline/xfree.c f lib/readline/xmalloc.c f lib/readline/search.c f lib/readline/isearch.c f diff --git a/MANIFEST~ b/MANIFEST~ index 3b2b747aa..2e9dfb77b 100644 --- a/MANIFEST~ +++ b/MANIFEST~ @@ -804,6 +804,7 @@ tests/comsub-posix.tests f tests/comsub-posix.right f tests/comsub-posix1.sub f tests/comsub-posix2.sub f +tests/comsub-posix3.sub f tests/cond.tests f tests/cond.right f tests/cond-regexp.sub f diff --git a/bashhist.c b/bashhist.c index d39dea27d..91dcdabe0 100644 --- a/bashhist.c +++ b/bashhist.c @@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ bash_history_inhibit_expansion (string, i) else if (i > 1 && string[i - 1] == '{' && string[i - 2] == '$' && member ('}', string + i + 1)) return (1); + /* The shell uses $! as a defined parameter expansion. */ + else if (i > 1 && string[i - 1] == '$' && string[i] == '!') + return (1); #if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB) else if (extended_glob && i > 1 && string[i+1] == '(' && member (')', string + i + 2)) return (1); diff --git a/bashhist.c~ b/bashhist.c~ index aad8e23bb..d39dea27d 100644 --- a/bashhist.c~ +++ b/bashhist.c~ @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* bashhist.c -- bash interface to the GNU history library. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1993-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1993-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 1f6b9034a..cc83e8a83 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -265,9 +265,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR If the ttiimmee reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline terminates. The --pp option changes the output format to that - specified by POSIX. The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable may be set to a format - string that specifies how the timing information should be displayed; - see the description of TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess below. + specified by POSIX. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it does not rec- + ognize ttiimmee as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'. + The TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable may be set to a format string that specifies + how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of + TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess below. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, ttiimmee may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed @@ -506,7 +508,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows: - [ ffuunnccttiioonn ] _n_a_m_e () _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] + _n_a_m_e () _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] + ffuunnccttiioonn _n_a_m_e [()] _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] This defines a function named _n_a_m_e. The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- @@ -757,22 +760,24 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS The command argument to the --cc invocation option. BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source - files corresponding to each member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE. - $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file where - $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if refer- - enced within another shell function). The corresponding source - file name is $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}}. Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the cur- - rent line number. + files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file + ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}) where $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- + tion). Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number. BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH - An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary - operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index - 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular - expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the + An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary + operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index + 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular + expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. This vari- able is read-only. BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE - An array variable whose members are the source filenames corre- - sponding to the elements in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array variable. + An array variable whose members are the source filenames where + the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array + variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is + defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned. The initial value is 0. @@ -863,10 +868,19 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element is "main". This variable exists only when a - shell function is executing. Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no - effect and return an error status. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it - loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect and return an error sta- + tus. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, + even if it is subsequently reset. + + This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. + Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in + BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For + instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The + ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor- + mation. GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect @@ -2087,7 +2101,9 @@ FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. - Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of + Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN @@ -4157,7 +4173,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace \\cc suppress further output - \\ee an escape character + \\ee + \\EE an escape character \\ff form feed \\nn new line \\rr carriage return @@ -5032,6 +5049,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. + llaassttppiippee + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- + ground in the current shell environment. lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. @@ -5433,4 +5454,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash-4.1 2010 June 12 BASH(1) +GNU Bash-4.2 2010 July 21 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 626aed701..c00192299 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet@po.cwru.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Fri Jul 2 17:31:49 EDT 2010 +.\" Last Change: Wed Jul 21 08:47:30 EDT 2010 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2010 July 2" "GNU Bash-4.2" +.TH BASH 1 "2010 July 21" "GNU Bash-4.2" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -950,7 +950,11 @@ A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows: .TP -[ \fBfunction\fP ] \fIname\fP () \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP] +\fIname\fP () \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP] +.PD 0 +.TP +\fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP [()] \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP] +.PD This defines a function named \fIname\fP. The reserved word \fBfunction\fP is optional. If the \fBfunction\fP reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional. @@ -2102,12 +2106,13 @@ for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a .BR SIGWINCH . .TP .B MAIL -If this parameter is set to a file name and the +If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the .SM .B MAILPATH variable is not set, .B bash -informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file. +informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file or +Maildir-format directory. .TP .B MAILCHECK Specifies how @@ -7338,6 +7343,8 @@ backspace suppress further output .TP .B \ee +.TP +.B \eE an escape character .TP .B \ef diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 162593013..7b12f5c0f 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2010 June 12BASH(1) +BASH(1)2010 July 21BASH(1)

Index @@ -736,6 +736,8 @@ reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline terminates. The -p option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX. +When the shell is in posix mode, it does not recognize +time as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'. The TIMEFORMAT @@ -1214,7 +1216,10 @@ A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows:
-
[ function ] name () compound-command [redirection]
+
name () compound-command [redirection]
+ +
function name [()] compound-command [redirection]
+ This defines a function named name. The reserved word function is optional. If the function reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional. @@ -1856,15 +1861,16 @@ The command argument to the -c invocation option.
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files -corresponding to each member of -FUNCNAME. +where each corresponding member of +FUNCNAME +was invoked. ${BASH_LINENO[$i]} is the line number in the source -file where ${FUNCNAME[$i]} was called +file (${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}) where +${FUNCNAME[$i]} was called (or ${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]} if referenced within another shell function). -The corresponding source file name is ${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}. Use LINENO @@ -1883,12 +1889,16 @@ This variable is read-only.
BASH_SOURCE
-An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding -to the elements in the +An array variable whose members are the source filenames +where the corresponding shell function names in the FUNCNAME -array variable. +array variable are defined. +The shell function +${FUNCNAME[$i]} is defined in the file +${BASH_SOURCE[$i]} and called from +${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}.
BASH_SUBSHELL
@@ -2057,7 +2067,7 @@ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. -The bottom-most element is +The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. @@ -2072,6 +2082,17 @@ If is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. +

+ + +This variable can be used with BASH_LINENO and BASH_SOURCE. +Each element of FUNCNAME has corresponding elements in +BASH_LINENO and BASH_SOURCE to describe the call stack. +For instance, ${FUNCNAME[$i]} was called from the file +${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]} at line number +${BASH_LINENO[$i]}. +The caller builtin displays the current call stack using this +information.

GROUPS
@@ -4976,8 +4997,10 @@ shell's children. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.

-Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number -of recursive calls. +Functions may be recursive. +The FUNCNEST variable may be used to limit the depth of the +function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations. +By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls.  

ARITHMETIC EVALUATION

@@ -9402,6 +9425,9 @@ backspace suppress further output
\e +
+
\E +
an escape character
\f @@ -11585,6 +11611,11 @@ line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see above). This option is enabled by default. +
lastpipe + +
+If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of +a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
lithist
@@ -12629,7 +12660,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash-4.12010 June 12BASH(1) +GNU Bash-4.22010 July 21BASH(1)
@@ -12735,6 +12766,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 29 June 2010 14:02:49 EDT +Time: 21 July 2010 08:54:57 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 1e206e9ee..362c3d76a 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 5a8302a80..213b5f180 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Tue Jun 29 14:02:43 2010 +%%CreationDate: Wed Jul 21 08:54:49 2010 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E 144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255login)108 703.2 Q F0 (Equi)144 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F22.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(1)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(1)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -451,8 +451,8 @@ F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 679.2 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) (if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 709.2 Q F0 -.2(bu) 108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G -(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(2)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(2)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -579,8 +579,8 @@ F .175(xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F2(n)A F0 .176 F1(Pipelines)87 691.2 Q F0(A)108 703.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is\ a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control ope\ rators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C -(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(3)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(3)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -621,7703 +621,7740 @@ G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 242.4 S .14(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E F12.639 E F0 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-) -2.639 F .779(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 254.4 R(The)5.779 E F4(TIMEFORMA) -3.279 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.029 G .779 -(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.28(wt) --.25 G .78(he timing)-3.28 F -(information should be displayed; see the description of)108 266.4 Q F4 -(TIMEFORMA)2.5 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)2.25 E F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables) --.92 E F0(belo)2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .85(When the shell is in)108 283.2 R -F2 .85(posix mode)3.35 F F0(,)A F1(time)3.35 E F0 .85(may be follo)3.35 -F .85(wed by a ne)-.25 F 3.35(wline. In)-.25 F .85 -(this case, the shell displays the)3.35 F 1.073 +2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 254.4 R .303(When the shell is in) +5.302 F F2 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F0 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303 +(oes not recognize)-2.803 F F1(time)2.803 E F0 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F +.303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 266.4 Q .736 +(en be)-.1 F .736(gins with a `-'.)-.15 F(The)5.736 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.236 +E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.986 G .736 +(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.235 +(wt)-.25 G(he)-3.235 E 2.225 +(timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108 +278.4 R F4(TIMEFORMA)4.726 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)4.476 E F1 2.226 +(Shell V)4.726 F(ariables)-.92 E F0(belo)108 290.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .85 +(When the shell is in)108 307.2 R F2 .85(posix mode)3.35 F F0(,)A F1 +(time)3.35 E F0 .85(may be follo)3.35 F .85(wed by a ne)-.25 F 3.35 +(wline. In)-.25 F .85(this case, the shell displays the)3.35 F 1.073 (total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108 -295.2 R(The)6.074 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.574 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.324 G +319.2 R(The)6.074 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.574 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.324 G 1.074(riable may be).25 F -(used to specify the format of the time information.)108 307.2 Q -(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 324 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(used to specify the format of the time information.)108 331.2 Q +(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 348 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F1(Lists)87 -340.8 Q F0(A)108 352.8 Q F2(list)2.601 E F0 .101(is a sequence of one o\ +364.8 Q F0(A)108 376.8 Q F2(list)2.601 E F0 .101(is a sequence of one o\ r more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.601 F F1(;)2.6 E F0 (,)A F1(&)2.6 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.6 E F0 2.6(,o)C(r)-2.6 E F32.6 E F0 -2.6(,a)C .1(nd option-)-2.6 F(ally terminated by one of)108 364.8 Q F1 +2.6(,a)C .1(nd option-)-2.6 F(ally terminated by one of)108 388.8 Q F1 (;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1()2.5 E F0(.) -A .656(Of these list operators,)108 381.6 R F1(&&)3.156 E F0(and)3.156 E +A .656(Of these list operators,)108 405.6 R F1(&&)3.156 E F0(and)3.156 E F33.156 E F0(ha)3.156 E .956 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .656 (qual precedence, follo).15 F .656(wed by)-.25 F F1(;)3.156 E F0(and) 3.156 E F1(&)3.156 E F0 3.156(,w)C .656(hich ha)-3.156 F .957 -.15(ve e) --.2 H .657(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 393.6 Q 2.5(As)108 410.4 S +-.2 H .657(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 417.6 Q 2.5(As)108 434.4 S (equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F2(list) 2.5 E F0(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 -(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 427.2 R F1(&) +(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 451.2 R F1(&) 2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 (cutes the command in the).15 F F2(bac)2.528 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 -(in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 439.2 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 +(in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 463.2 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 (shell does not w)2.875 F .375 (ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .376 -(Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 451.2 R F1(;)3.349 E F0 .849 +(Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 475.2 R F1(;)3.349 E F0 .849 (are e)3.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F .848(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .848(The return) -5.848 F(status is the e)108 463.2 Q(xit status of the last command e) +5.848 F(status is the e)108 487.2 Q(xit status of the last command e) -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .632(AND and OR lists are sequences \ -of one of more pipelines separated by the)108 480 R F1(&&)3.132 E F0 +of one of more pipelines separated by the)108 504 R F1(&&)3.132 E F0 (and)3.133 E F33.133 E F0 .633(control operators,)3.133 F -(respecti)108 492 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G +(respecti)108 516 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G (ND and OR lists are e)-5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G 2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2 -(command1)144 508.8 Q F1(&&)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 525.6 +(command1)144 532.8 Q F1(&&)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 549.6 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2 (command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E -(An OR list has the form)108 542.4 Q F2(command1)144 559.2 Q F32.5 -E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 580.8 Q F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe) +(An OR list has the form)108 566.4 Q F2(command1)144 583.2 Q F32.5 +E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 604.8 Q F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .729(cuted if and only if).15 F F2(command1)3.429 E F0 .729 (returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.)-.15 F .728 -(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 592.8 Q +(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 616.8 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E F1(Compound Commands)87 609.6 Q F0(A)108 621.6 +(cuted in the list.).15 E F1(Compound Commands)87 633.6 Q F0(A)108 645.6 Q F2(compound command)2.5 E F0(is one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E -(\()108 638.4 Q F2(list)A F0(\))A F2(list)17.11 E F0 .011(is e)2.511 F +(\()108 662.4 Q F2(list)A F0(\))A F2(list)17.11 E F0 .011(is e)2.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see) -.4 F F4 .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo) -2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 650.4 S 1.064(riable assignments and b) +2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 674.4 S 1.064(riable assignments and b) 1.11 F 1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F 3.564(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef) -144 662.4 Q(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E +144 686.4 Q(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E (The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.) -A({)108 679.2 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)3.89 E F0 .401 +A({)108 703.2 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)3.89 E F0 .401 (is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401(cuted in the current shell en) .15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F2(list)5.401 E F0 .402 (must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215 -(semicolon. This)144 691.2 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F2 +(semicolon. This)144 715.2 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F2 (gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 (he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F2(list) -3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 703.2 R 2.719(et) +3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 727.2 R 2.719(et) -.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F1(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1 (\))2.719 E F0(,)A F1({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 E F2 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 -(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 715.2 S .257 -(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd) --.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256(ord break, the) --.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 727.2 Q F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 -E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(4)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(4)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(\(\()108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession) --.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 96 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.051(is e)2.551 F -.25(va)-.25 G .051 -(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 2.552(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-2.552 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU) --1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 108 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411 -(If the v)4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero,\ - the return status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(is 1.)144 -120 Q(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E/F4 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(let ")2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F4(")A -F0(.)A F4([[)108 136.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F4(]])2.5 -E F0 1.299(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 148.8 R -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F1 --.2(ex)3.8 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.274 -(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 160.8 R +-.35 E -.1(wo)144 84 S .257(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257 +(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd)-.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w) +-2.756 F .256(ord break, the)-.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256 +(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list) +2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(\(\()108 112.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 +124.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F +2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .052(ARITHMETIC EV) +2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 136.8 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 .411(If the v)4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is \ +non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F +(is 1.)144 148.8 Q(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G +(lent to).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(let ")2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F4(")A F0(.)A F4([[)108 165.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F4(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 +(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 177.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex)3.8 G +(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.274 +(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 189.6 R 4.773(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.773 E F2(CONDITION)4.773 E 2.273(AL EXPRES-)-.18 -F(SIONS)144 172.8 Q F3(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133 +F(SIONS)144 201.6 Q F3(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133 (rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 (xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F -F4([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 184.8 Q F4(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 +F4([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 213.6 Q F4(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 (ilde e)-2.964 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) -.25 F .463(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081 -(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 196.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G +(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 225.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 (Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F43.581 E F0 -(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 208.8 Q -(When used with)144 226.8 Q F4([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C(he)-2.5 E F4(<)2.5 E +(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 237.6 Q +(When used with)144 255.6 Q F4([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C(he)-2.5 E F4(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E (xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 -244.8 R F4(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F4(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ +273.6 R F4(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F4(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ e used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-) 3.002 F 1.224(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 -256.8 R 3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F4 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725 +285.6 R 3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F4 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725 (nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.725 E F0 6.225(.I)C 3.725(ft)-6.225 G 1.225 -(he shell)-3.725 F(option)144 268.8 Q F4(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 +(he shell)-3.725 F(option)144 297.6 Q F4(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 (is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.405 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 280.8 +.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 309.6 R .251(return v)2.751 F .251(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F F4(==)A F0 2.751(\)o)C 2.751(rd)-2.751 G .251(oes not match \()-2.751 F -F4(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 292.8 S +F4(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 321.6 S 2.5(therwise. An)-2.5 F 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted \ to force it to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 -(An additional binary operator)144 310.8 R(,)-.4 E F4(=~)2.743 E F0 +(An additional binary operator)144 339.6 R(,)-.4 E F4(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 (ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F4(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E F4(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 -322.8 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 -(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 334.8 R F1 +351.6 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 +(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 363.6 R F1 -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 (return v)2.707 F .207 (alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.345 -(otherwise. If)144 346.8 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 +(otherwise. If)144 375.6 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 (xpression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e)-.15 F -(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 358.8 S +(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 387.6 S .667(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the shell option)5.667 F F4(nocasematch) 3.167 E F0 .667(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.167 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .666(rd to).05 F .378(the case of alphabetic characters.) -144 370.8 R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 +144 399.6 R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 (art of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched)-2.878 F -.265(as a string.)144 382.8 R .265 +.265(as a string.)144 411.6 R .265 (Substrings matched by parenthesized sube)5.265 F .265 (xpressions within the re)-.15 F .265(gular e)-.15 F .265(xpression are) --.15 F(sa)144 394.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.096(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.096 G +-.15 F(sa)144 423.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.096(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.096 G .597(he array v)-3.097 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E (TCH)-.855 E F3(.)A F0 .597(The element of)5.097 F F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G (SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s) --3.097 E .049(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 406.8 +-3.097 E .049(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 435.6 R .049(gular e)-.15 F 2.549(xpression. The)-.15 F .049(element of)2.549 -F F2 -.27(BA)2.549 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 418.8 Q +F F2 -.27(BA)2.549 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 447.6 Q (x)-.15 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 436.8 R .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 465.6 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -448.8 Q F4(\()144 466.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F4(\)) -2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 478.8 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex) +477.6 Q F4(\()144 495.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F4(\)) +2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 507.6 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex) 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 490.8 Q F4(!)144 502.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) --.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 514.8 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 526.8 S(pr).2 E +(operators.)180 519.6 Q F4(!)144 531.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 543.6 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 555.6 S(pr).2 E (ession1)-.37 E F4(&&)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 538.8 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) +-.35(Tr)180 567.6 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) -.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.) -2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 550.8 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E/F5 10/Symbol SF -2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 562.8 +2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 579.6 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E/F5 10/Symbol SF +2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 591.6 S(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 579.6 +F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 608.4 Q F4(&&)3.298 E F0(and)3.298 E F53.298 E F0 .798 (operators do not e)3.298 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F1 -.2(ex)3.298 G (pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 .798(if the v)3.298 F .798(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .799(is suf)3.298 F .799 -(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 591.6 Q +(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 620.4 Q (alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F4 -.25(fo) -108 608.4 S(r).25 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F4(in)A F0([)2.5 E F1 +108 637.2 S(r).25 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F4(in)A F0([)2.5 E F1 (wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F4(do)A F1(list)2.5 -E F0(;)2.5 E F4(done)2.5 E F0 .424(The list of w)144 620.4 R .424 +E F0(;)2.5 E F4(done)2.5 E F0 .424(The list of w)144 649.2 R .424 (ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F4(in)2.924 E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F .423 (xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .423(The v)5.423 F(ariable) -.25 E F1(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to)2.923 F .653 -(each element of this list in turn, and)144 632.4 R F1(list)3.153 E F0 +(each element of this list in turn, and)144 661.2 R F1(list)3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 (If the)5.653 F F4(in)3.153 E F1(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 (is omitted, the)3.153 F F4 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) -144 644.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(list)3.149 E F0 .648 +144 673.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(list)3.149 E F0 .648 (once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F2 -.666 (PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).)-.25 E .153 -(The return status is the e)144 656.4 R .153 +(The return status is the e)144 685.2 R .153 (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654 (cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 668.4 Q(wing)-.25 E F4(in)2.5 E F0 +(follo)144 697.2 Q(wing)-.25 E F4(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F4 -.25(fo)108 685.2 S(r).25 E -F0(\(\()2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 -E F0(;)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F4(do)2.5 E F1 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F4(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e) -144 697.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) -3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 -(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.735 E F2 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 709.2 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) --.54 G(ION).855 E F3(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e)5.061 F(xpression)-.15 -E F1 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e)3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.562(luated repeatedly until).25 F 2.139(it e)144 721.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G -2.139(luates to zero.).25 F 2.139(Each time)7.139 F F1 -.2(ex)4.639 G -(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)4.639 G 2.139(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,) --.25 E F1(list)4.639 E F0 2.138(is e)4.638 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.138 -(cuted and the).15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(5) -202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(5)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .389(arithmetic e)144 84 R(xpression)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF -.2(ex)2.889 G(pr3).2 E F0 .389(is e)2.889 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.889 -(luated. If).25 F(an)2.889 E 2.889(ye)-.15 G .389 -(xpression is omitted, it beha)-3.039 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.89(sa).15 G 2.89 -(si)-2.89 G 2.89(fi)-2.89 G 2.89(te)-2.89 G -.25(va)-3.14 G(luates).25 E -.36(to 1.)144 96 R .36(The return v)5.36 F .36(alue is the e)-.25 F .36 -(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F1(list)2.859 E F0 .359 -(that is e)2.859 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .359(cuted, or f).15 F .359 -(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E(of the e)144 108 Q(xpressions is in)-.15 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(select)108 124.8 Q F1 -(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(in)2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G -F2(do)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F2(done)2.5 E F0 .432(The list of w)144 -136.8 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F2(in)2.932 E F0 .432(is e) -2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .433 -(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 -(is printed on the standard error)144 148.8 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 +E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236 +(First, the arithmetic e)144 96 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G +(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e)3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 +(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G +(nder)-3.735 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 108 R(ALU) +-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561 +(The arithmetic e)5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 +.562(is then e)3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F +.592(it e)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592 +(Each time)5.592 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 +(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e) +3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 +132 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F +-.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 +(xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G +2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G +.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 144 R .228(alue is the e) +-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2(list)2.728 E F0 +.227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f).15 F .227 +(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 E -.15(ex) +144 156 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1(select)108 +172.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .432 +(The list of w)144 184.8 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.932 +E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F +.433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 +(is printed on the standard error)144 196.8 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) --3.342 E F2(in)3.342 E F1(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 +-3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 (is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 160.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0 -(belo)2.451 E 2.701(w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201 -(prompt is then displayed and a)2.451 F .214 -(line read from the standard input.)144 172.8 R .213 +144 208.8 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 +(w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) +2.451 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 220.8 R .213 (If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214 -F 1.537(played w)144 184.8 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) --.25 F F1(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) +F 1.537(played w)144 232.8 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) +-.25 F F2(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) -.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038 -F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 196.8 R 2.566 +F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 244.8 R 2.566 (ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An) 5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25 -F F1(name)144 208.8 Q F0 .972(to be set to null.)3.652 F .972 +F F2(name)144 256.8 Q F0 .972(to be set to null.)3.652 F .972 (The line read is sa)5.972 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.473(di).15 G 3.473(nt) --3.473 G .973(he v)-3.473 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.473 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)5.473 E F1(list)3.563 E F0 .973(is e)4.153 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .973(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 -220.8 R F2(br)2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.571(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F2 -(select)2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F -(last command e)144 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E +-3.473 G .973(he v)-3.473 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.473 E(Y)-.828 E F4 +(.)A F0(The)5.473 E F2(list)3.563 E F0 .973(is e)4.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.973(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 268.8 R F1(br) +2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 +(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) +2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F +(last command e)144 280.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(case)108 249.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F2(in)2.5 -E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F1(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(|)2.5 E F1 -(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F2(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 261.6 Q F2(case)3.264 E F0 .764 -(command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F1(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 297.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 +E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) +2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 309.6 Q F1(case)3.264 E F0 .764 +(command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F -F1(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F .596 -(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 273.6 R .595(xpansion \(see) --.15 F F2 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .595(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.095 E -3.095(w\). The)-.25 F F1(wor)3.095 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.095 E -.15(ex)144 -285.6 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 +F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F .596 +(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 321.6 R .595(xpansion \(see) +-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .595(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.095 E +3.095(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.095 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.095 E -.15(ex)144 +333.6 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 1.092(ariable e)-.25 F 1.092 (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, com-)-.15 F 1.268 -(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 297.6 R -.25 -(va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F1(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G -1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 309.6 R +(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 345.6 R -.25 +(va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G +1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 357.6 R .353(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .353(ariable e)-.25 F .353 (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.517 -(tution, and process substitution.)144 321.6 R 1.517 -(If the shell option)6.517 F F2(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.516 +(tution, and process substitution.)144 369.6 R 1.517 +(If the shell option)6.517 F F1(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.516 (is enabled, the match is per)4.016 F(-)-.2 E 1.346(formed without re) -144 333.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346 +144 381.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346 (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.347 -(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 345.6 Q F1(list) +(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 393.6 Q F2(list) 2.777 E F0 .277(is e)2.777 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.777(cuted. If).15 F(the) -2.777 E F2(;;)2.777 E F0 .277 +2.777 E F1(;;)2.777 E F0 .277 (operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after the)2.777 F -.848(\214rst pattern match.)144 357.6 R(Using)5.848 E F2(;&)3.348 E F0 -.849(in place of)3.349 F F2(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(causes e)3.349 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F1(list)3.349 E F0 -(associated)3.349 E .078(with the ne)144 369.6 R .078 -(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.078 E F2(;;&)2.578 E F0 .078 -(in place of)2.578 F F2(;;)2.578 E F0 .077 +.848(\214rst pattern match.)144 405.6 R(Using)5.848 E F1(;&)3.348 E F0 +.849(in place of)3.349 F F1(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(causes e)3.349 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)3.349 E F0 +(associated)3.349 E .078(with the ne)144 417.6 R .078 +(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.078 E F1(;;&)2.578 E F0 .078 +(in place of)2.578 F F1(;;)2.578 E F0 .077 (causes the shell to test the ne)2.578 F .077(xt pattern list in)-.15 F -.227(the statement, if an)144 381.6 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e) +.227(the statement, if an)144 429.6 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e) .65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cute an).15 F 2.727(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.727 -E F1(list)2.727 E F0 .227(on a successful match.)2.727 F .227(The e) -5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 393.6 +E F2(list)2.727 E F0 .227(on a successful match.)2.727 F .227(The e) +5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 441.6 Q(Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(if)108 410.4 Q F1 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(elif)2.5 E -F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 -E F2(else)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F2<8c>A F0(The)144 422.4 Q F2 -(if)2.978 E F1(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 458.4 Q F2 +(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(elif)2.5 E +F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 +E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 470.4 Q F1 +(if)2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 (cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F -F2(then)2.978 E F1(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F2(elif)2.977 E F1(list)2.977 -E F0 1.087(is e)144 434.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 +F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 +E F0 1.087(is e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 (cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 -(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)3.587 E F1(list) +(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) 3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F -.104(command completes.)144 446.4 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F2(else) -2.603 E F1(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 +.104(command completes.)144 494.4 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) +2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) --.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 458.4 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while) -108 475.2 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2 -(done)2.5 E(until)108 487.2 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list) -2.5 E F0(;)A F2(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 499.2 Q F2(while)3.103 E F0 .603 -(command continuously e)3.103 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F2 -(do)3.103 E F1(list)3.103 E F0 .603(as long as the last command in)3.103 -F F1(list)3.104 E F0(returns)3.104 E .471(an e)144 511.2 R .471 -(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.471 E F2(until)2.971 E F0 .471 -(command is identical to the)2.971 F F2(while)2.97 E F0 .47(command, e) -2.97 F .47(xcept that the test)-.15 F .095(is ne)144 523.2 R -.05(ga) --.15 G .095(ted; the).05 F F2(do)2.595 E F1(list)2.685 E F0 .095(is e) +-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 506.4 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while) +108 523.2 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 +(done)2.5 E(until)108 535.2 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list) +2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 547.2 Q F1(while)3.103 E F0 .603 +(command continuously e)3.103 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F1 +(do)3.103 E F2(list)3.103 E F0 .603(as long as the last command in)3.103 +F F2(list)3.104 E F0(returns)3.104 E .471(an e)144 559.2 R .471 +(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.471 E F1(until)2.971 E F0 .471 +(command is identical to the)2.971 F F1(while)2.97 E F0 .47(command, e) +2.97 F .47(xcept that the test)-.15 F .095(is ne)144 571.2 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G .095(ted; the).05 F F1(do)2.595 E F2(list)2.685 E F0 .095(is e) 3.275 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .095(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F -F1(list)2.685 E F0 .096(returns a non-zero e)3.276 F .096(xit status.) --.15 F 1.307(The e)144 535.2 R 1.307(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while) -3.807 E F0(and)3.807 E F2(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 -F 1.306(xit status of the last)-.15 F F2(do)3.806 E F1(list)3.806 E F0 -(command)3.806 E -.15(exe)144 547.2 S(cuted, or zero if none w).15 E -(as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(Copr)87 564 Q(ocesses)-.18 E -F0(A)108 576 Q F1(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 -(is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F2(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 +F2(list)2.685 E F0 .096(returns a non-zero e)3.276 F .096(xit status.) +-.15 F 1.307(The e)144 583.2 R 1.307(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while) +3.807 E F0(and)3.807 E F1(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 +F 1.306(xit status of the last)-.15 F F1(do)3.806 E F2(list)3.806 E F0 +(command)3.806 E -.15(exe)144 595.2 S(cuted, or zero if none w).15 E +(as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 612 Q(ocesses)-.18 E +F0(A)108 624 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 +(is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F1(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 (reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 (coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) -108 588 R F2(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G -.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 600 S 2.5(yp).1 G +108 636 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G +.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 648 S 2.5(yp).1 G (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The format for a coprocess is:) -108 616.8 Q F2(copr)144 633.6 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 -E F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 -E F0(])A .922(This creates a coprocess named)108 650.4 R F1 -.27(NA) -3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 5.922(.I)C(f)-5.922 E F1 -.27(NA)3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 -.923(is not supplied, the def)3.422 F .923(ault name is)-.1 F F1(COPR) -3.423 E(OC)-.4 E F0(.)A F1 -.27(NA)5.923 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 -(must not be supplied if)108 662.4 R F1(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 -F F1 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +108 664.8 Q F1(copr)144 681.6 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 +E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 +E F0(])A .922(This creates a coprocess named)108 698.4 R F2 -.27(NA) +3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 5.922(.I)C(f)-5.922 E F2 -.27(NA)3.422 G(ME).27 E F0 +.923(is not supplied, the def)3.422 F .923(ault name is)-.1 F F2(COPR) +3.423 E(OC)-.4 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.923 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 +(must not be supplied if)108 710.4 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 +F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 -674.4 S .163(rd of the simple command.).1 F .163(When the coproc is e) +722.4 S .163(rd of the simple command.).1 F .163(When the coproc is e) 5.163 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .163(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F -.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.663 E F0(belo)108 686.4 Q .512 -(w\) named)-.25 F F1 -.27(NA)3.012 G(ME).27 E F0 .512(in the conte)3.012 -F .511(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .511(cuting shell.).15 F .511 -(The standard output of)5.511 F F1(command)3.211 E F0 .511(is connected) -3.781 F .81(via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 698.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .811(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to) -.15 F F1 -.27(NA)3.311 G(ME).27 E F0 3.311([0]. The)B .717 -(standard input of)108 710.4 R F1(command)3.417 E F0 .716 -(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.987 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .716(cuting shell, and that \214le).15 F 2.399 -(descriptor is assigned to)108 722.4 R F1 -.27(NA)4.899 G(ME).27 E F0 -4.899([1]. This)B 2.399(pipe is established before an)4.899 F 4.9(yr) --.15 G 2.4(edirections speci\214ed by the)-4.9 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(6)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.663 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(6)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.581(command \(see)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION) -4.081 E F0(belo)3.831 E 4.081(w\). The)-.25 F 1.58 -(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)4.081 F 1.58 -(guments to shell com-)-.18 F .069 -(mands and redirections using standard w)108 96 R .069(ord e)-.1 F 2.569 -(xpansions. The)-.15 F .07(process id of the shell spa)2.569 F .07 -(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .07(cute the).15 F .483(coprocess is a) -108 108 R -.25(va)-.2 G .483(ilable as the v).25 F .483(alue of the v) --.25 F(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.27(NA)2.983 G(ME).27 E -F0 2.983(_PID. The)B/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 -G .483(iltin command may be used to).2 F -.1(wa)108 120 S -(it for the coprocess to terminate.).1 E -(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 136.8 Q(xit status of) --.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 153.6 -Q F0 2.697(As)108 165.6 S .198 +-.35 E(belo)108 84 Q .512(w\) named)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.27 +(NA)3.012 G(ME).27 E F0 .512(in the conte)3.012 F .511(xt of the e)-.15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .511(cuting shell.).15 F .511(The standard output of) +5.511 F F1(command)3.211 E F0 .511(is connected)3.781 F .81 +(via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .811 +(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 +(NA)3.311 G(ME).27 E F0 3.311([0]. The)B .717(standard input of)108 108 +R F1(command)3.417 E F0 .716 +(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.987 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .716(cuting shell, and that \214le).15 F .702 +(descriptor is assigned to)108 120 R F1 -.27(NA)3.202 G(ME).27 E F0 +3.202([1]. This)B .703(pipe is established before an)3.203 F 3.203(yr) +-.15 G .703(edirections speci\214ed by the com-)-3.203 F 1.184 +(mand \(see)108 132 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.684 E F0(belo) +3.434 E 3.684(w\). The)-.25 F 1.183 +(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.684 F 1.183 +(guments to shell commands)-.18 F .07(and redirections using standard w) +108 144 R .07(ord e)-.1 F 2.57(xpansions. The)-.15 F .07 +(process id of the shell spa)2.57 F .07(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.07(cute the copro-).15 F .632(cess is a)108 156 R -.25(va)-.2 G .631 +(ilable as the v).25 F .631(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.27 +(NA)3.131 G(ME).27 E F0 3.131(_PID. The)B/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait) +3.131 E F0 -.2(bu)3.131 G .631(iltin command may be used to w).2 F(ait) +-.1 E(for the coprocess to terminate.)108 168 Q +(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 184.8 Q(xit status of) +-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 201.6 +Q F0 2.697(As)108 213.6 S .198 (hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G .198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 177.6 S .5 -.25(ew s) +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 225.6 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E -(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E([)108 194.4 Q F3 -(function)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(\(\))2.5 E F2 -(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 -E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 206.4 R F2(name)3.902 -E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F3 -(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F 1.402(If the)6.402 F F3 -(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 218.4 Q .162(ed w)-.15 F .162 -(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.162 E F2 -(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound)2.662 F(command) -144 230.4 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F3 .084 -(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584(\). That) -.15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 242.4 Q F0 .044 -(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544 -(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F3 .044(Compound Commands) -2.544 F F0(abo)144 254.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2 +(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(name)108 242.4 +Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F1(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C +(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F3(function)108 254.4 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 +([\(\)])2.5 E F1(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir) +.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 +266.4 R F1(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 +(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F3(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F +1.402(If the)6.402 F F3(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 278.4 Q .162 +(ed w)-.15 F .162(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F +(The)5.162 E F1(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) +2.662 F(command)144 290.4 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) +3.354 E F3 .084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 302.4 +Q F0 .044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F +2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F3 .044 +(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 (compound\255command)6.671 E F0 1.671(is e)4.171 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671 -(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 +(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 (is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 3.008(command. An)144 -266.4 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F F1(REDIRECTION) +326.4 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F F2(REDIRECTION) 3.009 E F0(belo)2.759 E .509 (w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are)-.25 F .581 -(performed when the function is e)144 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.081 +(performed when the function is e)144 338.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.081 (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.081 G .58 (it status of a function de\214nition is zero unless a).15 F .177(synta\ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -290.4 R 2.678(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.678 G .178(cuted, the).15 F --.15(ex)144 302.4 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 +350.4 R 2.678(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.678 G .178(cuted, the).15 F +-.15(ex)144 362.4 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .64 -(cuted in the body).15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)-5.64 E F1(FUNC-)3.14 E -(TIONS)144 314.4 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 331.2 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 -343.2 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 +(cuted in the body).15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)-5.64 E F2(FUNC-)3.14 E +(TIONS)144 374.4 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 391.2 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 +403.2 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F3(interacti)3.482 E -.1 (ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F3(shopt)3.482 E -F0 -.2(bu)108 355.2 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F1 .952(SHELL B) +F0 -.2(bu)108 415.2 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F2 .952(SHELL B) 3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952 (w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#)3.451 E F0 .951(causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 -(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 367.2 R +(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 427.2 R .605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) -.15 F F3(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 379.2 Q F0 +.15 F F3(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 439.2 Q F0 1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 (omments. The)-3.837 F F3(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -391.2 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 408 S -.438(OT) -.11 G(ING).438 E F2(Quoting)108 420 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F +451.2 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 468 S -.438(OT) +.11 G(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 480 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 (he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 (ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -432 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 -(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 444 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 460.8 -R F2(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) -2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 +492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 +(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 504 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 520.8 +R F1(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) +2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 (has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 472.8 Q 1.345 -(When the command history e)108 489.6 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 -(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F1(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 532.8 Q 1.345 +(When the command history e)108 549.6 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 +(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) --.25 F F2(history e)108 501.6 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 +-.25 F F1(history e)108 561.6 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 (,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F3(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 518.4 Q F2(escape c)2.5 E +(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 578.4 Q F1(escape c)2.5 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 535.2 S .474 +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 595.2 S .474 (on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F3(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 -G(he)-2.974 E F2 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 +G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 (.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F -.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 547.2 +.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 607.2 Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of . If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F3(\\)4.053 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 -(quoted, the)108 559.2 R F3(\\)3.622 E F0( is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F -(ef)108 571.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 -(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 588 R .295 +(ef)108 631.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 +(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 648 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E -(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 -(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 616.8 R .034 +(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 676.8 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -628.8 S .828(ception of).15 F F3($)3.328 E F0(,)A F3<92>3.328 E F0(,)A +688.8 S .828(ception of).15 F F3($)3.328 E F0(,)A F3<92>3.328 E F0(,)A F3(\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 (xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F3(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 (he characters)-5.828 F F3($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F3<92>3.328 E F0 .827(retain their special)3.328 F .074(meaning within double quotes.)108 -640.8 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) -5.074 F .075(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 652.8 Q .205 +700.8 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) +5.074 F .075(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 712.8 Q .205 (wing characters:)-.25 F F3($)2.705 E F0(,)A F3<92>2.705 E F0(,)A F3(") 3.538 E F0(,).833 E F3(\\)2.705 E F0 2.705(,o)C(r)-2.705 E F3() 2.705 E F0 5.205(.A)C .204 (double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .081 -(ceding it with a backslash.)108 664.8 R .082(If enabled, history e) +(ceding it with a backslash.)108 724.8 R .082(If enabled, history e) 5.082 F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F3(!)2.582 E F0 -.082(appearing in double)5.082 F(quotes is escaped using a backslash.) -108 676.8 Q(The backslash preceding the)5 E F3(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 693.6 Q F3(*)2.5 E -F0(and)2.5 E F3(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H -(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F1 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 710.4 S .212 -(rds of the form).8 F F3($)2.712 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 2.712<0861>C -.211(re treated specially)-2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F -.211(ord e)-.1 F .211(xpands to)-.15 F F2(string)2.711 E F0 2.711(,w)C -.211(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 -(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 722.4 R .605 -(Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(7)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +.082(appearing in double)5.082 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21) +148.175 E(7)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(as follo)108 84 Q(ws:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 96 Q -F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 108 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\e) -144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1(\\f)144 144 Q -F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) --2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 180 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab) -.15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1<5c08>144 216 Q F0 -(single quote)30.44 E F1(\\")144 228 Q F0(double quote)27.67 E F1(\\)144 -240 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) -18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 252 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 264 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 276 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 288 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 300 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 312 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 324 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(\\c)144 336 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 E F2(x)A -F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 352.8 Q(xpanded result is single-quoted, a\ -s if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 369.6 S -.14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F1($)A F0 -(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 +-.35 E(quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 84 Q +(The backslash preceding the)5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 +(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 +100.8 Q F1(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 +H(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 +117.6 S .212(rds of the form).8 F F1($)2.712 E F0<08>A/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 2.712<0861>C .211(re treated specially) +-2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F .211(ord e)-.1 F .211 +(xpands to)-.15 F F3(string)2.711 E F0 2.711(,w)C .211 +(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 +(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 129.6 R .605 +(Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) +108 141.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 153.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1 +(\\b)144 165.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\e)144 177.6 Q(\\E)144 189.6 Q +F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1(\\f)144 201.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E +F1(\\n)144 213.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 +225.6 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 237.6 Q F0(horizontal tab) +29.89 E F1(\\v)144 249.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\) +144 261.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1<5c08>144 273.6 Q F0(single quote) +30.44 E F1(\\")144 285.6 Q F0(double quote)27.67 E F1(\\)144 297.6 Q F3 +(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v) +-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x) +144 309.6 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 321.6 Q F3(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 333.6 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F3(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 345.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 357.6 Q F3(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 369.6 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F3(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 381.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(\\c)144 393.6 Q F3(x)A F0 2.5(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 +E F3(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 410.4 Q(xpanded result is single-\ +quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 +427.2 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F1 +($)A F0(")A F3(string)A F0 .14 ("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B .495 -(to the current locale.)108 381.6 R .495(If the current locale is)5.495 +(to the current locale.)108 439.2 R .495(If the current locale is)5.495 F F1(C)2.995 E F0(or)2.995 E F1(POSIX)2.995 E F0 2.995(,t)C .495 (he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .496(If the string is trans-)5.496 -F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 393.6 Q/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 410.4 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 422.4 Q -F2(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F -3.343(alues. It)-.25 F .843(can be a)3.343 F F2(name)3.342 E F0 3.342 +F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 451.2 Q/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 468 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 480 Q F3 +(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F +3.343(alues. It)-.25 F .843(can be a)3.343 F F3(name)3.342 E F0 3.342 (,an).18 G(umber)-3.342 E 3.342(,o)-.4 G 3.342(ro)-3.342 G .842 -(ne of the special characters)-3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 434.4 R -3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E -F0 5.823(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a) -3.503 F F2(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823 -(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 446.4 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 -F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 +(ne of the special characters)-3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 492 R 3.323 +(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 +5.823(.A)C F3(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 +F F3(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 +F F3(value)108 504 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 F F3(attrib)2.869 E +(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 (utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -(belo)108 458.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B) -2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 -2.754(Ap)108 475.2 S .254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v) --2.754 F 2.754(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255 -(alid v)-.25 F 2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255 -(ariable is set, it)-3.005 F(may be unset only by using the)108 487.2 Q -F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 504 Q -F2(variable)2.79 E F0(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 -E F2(name)144 520.8 Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 537.6 Q F2(value) -3.023 E F0 .233(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F -.232(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F2(values) -3.022 E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232 -(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F .515(and v)108 549.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F -.515(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 +(belo)108 516 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.754(Ap)108 532.8 +S .254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 F 2.754 +(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v)-.25 F +2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it)-3.005 +F(may be unset only by using the)108 544.8 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 561.6 Q F3(variable)2.79 E F0 +(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F3(name)144 578.4 +Q F0(=[)A F3(value)A F0(])A(If)108 595.2 Q F3(value)3.023 E F0 .233 +(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232 +(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F3(values)3.022 +E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15 +F .515(and v)108 607.2 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 561.6 Q 2.699 +-3.015 E F2(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 619.2 Q 2.699 (w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 -(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F2(value) +(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F3(value) 2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 573.6 R .901 +(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 631.2 R .901 (xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F F0(belo)3.401 E 3.402(w\). W)-.25 F .902 -(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 585.6 R +(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 643.2 R 1.179(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179 (xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.178(Special P) 3.678 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.178(.P)C 1.178(athname e)-6.328 F 1.178 -(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 597.6 R 1.148 +(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 655.2 R 1.148 (statements may also appear as ar)3.648 F 1.149(guments to the)-.18 F F1 (alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.649 -E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 609.6 S(adonly).18 E F0 +E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 667.2 S(adonly).18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(local)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands.).2 E -.377(In the conte)108 626.4 R .377 +.377(In the conte)108 684 R .377 (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 (alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376 (x, the +=)-.15 F .257 -(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 638.4 R(ariable') +(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 696 R(ariable') -.25 E 2.757(sp)-.55 G(re)-2.757 E .257(vious v)-.25 F 2.757(alue. When) -.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .373 -(for which the inte)108 650.4 R .373(ger attrib)-.15 F .372 -(ute has been set,)-.2 F F2(value)2.872 E F0 .372(is e)2.872 F -.25(va) +(for which the inte)108 708 R .373(ger attrib)-.15 F .372 +(ute has been set,)-.2 F F3(value)2.872 E F0 .372(is e)2.872 F -.25(va) -.25 G .372(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .372 -(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 662.4 S(riable').25 E -2.888(sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F --.25(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389 -(+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F -.186(assignment \(see)108 674.4 R F1(Arrays)2.686 E F0(belo)2.686 E .186 -(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G .185 -(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.685(wv) --.25 G .185(alues are)-2.935 F 1.384(appended to the array be)108 686.4 -R 1.384(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.885(sm)-.55 G -1.385(aximum inde)-3.885 F 3.885(x\()-.15 G 1.385(for inde)-3.885 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.885(da).15 G 1.385(rrays\) or)-3.885 F .123 -(added as additional k)108 698.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G.15 E .123 -(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F .423 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E -5.123(.W)-.65 G .122(hen applied to a string-v)-5.123 F .122(alued v) --.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E F2(value)2.622 E F0(is e)108 710.4 Q -(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G -(alue.)-2.75 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(8)202.335 E -0 Cg EP +(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 720 S(riable').25 E 2.888 +(sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389(+= is applied to an array v) +2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(8)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.2(Po)87 84 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters) --.1 E F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .705(positional par)4.455 F -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, ot\ -her than the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 108 R 2.944(sa)-.55 -G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 120 Q F1(set)3.333 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional parameters\ - may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F(The)5.834 E -.334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell functi\ -on is e)108 132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(Wh\ -en a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e) -108 148.8 R 1.404(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see) -108 160.8 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Special P)87 177.6 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 -189.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) --.65 G 1.674(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) --6.675 F(them is not allo)108 201.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 213.6 Q F0 -.605(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .606 +-.35 E .186(assignment \(see)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)2.686 +E F0(belo)2.686 E .186(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G +.185(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.685 +(wv)-.25 G .185(alues are)-2.935 F 1.384(appended to the array be)108 96 +R 1.384(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.885(sm)-.55 G +1.385(aximum inde)-3.885 F 3.885(x\()-.15 G 1.385(for inde)-3.885 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.885(da).15 G 1.385(rrays\) or)-3.885 F .123 +(added as additional k)108 108 R -.15(ey)-.1 G.15 E .123 +(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F .423 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E +5.123(.W)-.65 G .122(hen applied to a string-v)-5.123 F .122(alued v) +-.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.622 E F0(is e)108 +120 Q(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G +(alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 136.8 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 +(A)108 148.8 Q F2 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is \ +a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit \ +0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 +(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 160.8 R 2.944(sa) +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 172.8 Q F1 +(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ + parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F +(The)5.834 E .334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a\ + shell function is e)108 184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E +1.403(When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digi\ +t is e)108 201.6 R 1.404(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F +(braces \(see)108 213.6 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 230.4 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675 +(The shell treats se)108 242.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675 +(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 +(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F +(them is not allo)108 254.4 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 266.4 Q F0 .605 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .606 (When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .084 -(ble quotes, it e)144 225.6 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 +(ble quotes, it e)144 278.4 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 (ord with the v)-.1 F .084 (alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst char)-.25 F(-)-.2 E -.003(acter of the)144 237.6 R F3(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003(special v)2.253 F +.003(acter of the)144 290.4 R F3(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003(special v)2.253 F 2.503(ariable. That)-.25 F .003(is, ")2.503 F F1($*)A F0 2.503("i)C 2.503(se)-2.503 G(qui)-2.503 E -.25(va)-.25 G .003(lent to ").25 F F1 ($1)A F2(c)A F1($2)A F2(c)A F1(...)A F0 .003(", where)B F2(c)2.703 E F0 -.004(is the \214rst char)2.813 F(-)-.2 E .769(acter of the v)144 249.6 R +.004(is the \214rst char)2.813 F(-)-.2 E .769(acter of the v)144 302.4 R .769(alue of the)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.269 E F0 -.25(va)3.019 G 3.269 (riable. If).25 F F3(IFS)3.268 E F0 .768 (is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.768 E F3 -(IFS)144 261.6 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv) -2.25 E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 273.6 Q F0 .605 +(IFS)144 314.4 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv) +2.25 E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 326.4 Q F0 .605 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .606 (When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 285.6 R .114(xpands to a separate w) +(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 338.4 R .114(xpands to a separate w) -.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F1($@)A F0 2.613("i)C 2.613(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F1 ($1)A F0 2.613("")C F1($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 -(If the double-quoted e)144 297.6 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 +(If the double-quoted e)144 350.4 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .151(with the be)144 -309.6 R .151(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) +362.4 R .151(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) -.1 F .15(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 -(the last part of the original w)144 321.6 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 +(the last part of the original w)144 374.4 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 (there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F1($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) -2.838 E F1($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 333.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 345.6 Q F0 +(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 386.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 398.4 Q F0 (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)31 E F1(?) -108 357.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) +108 410.4 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1108 -369.6 Q F0 .882 +422.4 Q F0 .882 (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)30.3 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G .881 (iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)144 -381.6 Q F12.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 393.6 Q F0 .214 +434.4 Q F12.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 446.4 Q F0 .214 (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)31 F .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 405.6 Q F1(!)108 417.6 Q F0 +(shell, not the subshell.)144 458.4 Q F1(!)108 470.4 Q F0 (Expands to the process ID of the most recently e)32.67 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 429.6 Q F0 +(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 482.4 Q F0 1.692(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.691 (This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F1(bash)4.191 E -F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 441.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 +F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 494.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 (ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F1($0)3.077 E F0 .578 (is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F1(bash)3.078 E F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F13.078 E F0 .369 -(option, then)144 453.6 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369 +(option, then)144 506.4 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369 (is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) -.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E -(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 465.6 Q -.2 +(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 518.4 Q -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 (iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E -F1(_)108 477.6 Q F0 .054 +F1(_)108 530.4 Q F0 .054 (At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)31 F -.2(vo) -.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 489.6 R .692 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 542.4 R .692 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E 3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) --.18 F(pre)144 501.6 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 +-.18 F(pre)144 554.4 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 (xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F --.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 513.6 +-.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 566.4 S 1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -525.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1(Shell V)87 542.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -554.4 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 571.2 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E +578.4 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1(Shell V)87 595.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 +607.2 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 624 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A -F1 -.3(BA)108 583.2 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 595.2 S .049 +F1 -.3(BA)108 636 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 648 S .049 (olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F12.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 607.2 -R F1(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(gument for the)-.18 F F12.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 660 R +F1(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 -619.2 R F3 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) -2.726 F F2(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F1(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 -(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F -(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 631.2 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ -ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F -3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 643.2 Q -(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1 -.3(BA)108 655.2 S(SHPID).3 E -F0 .36(Expands to the process id of the current)144 667.2 R F1(bash) -2.861 E F0 2.861(process. This)2.861 F(dif)2.861 E .361(fers from)-.25 F -F1($$)2.861 E F0 .361(under certain circum-)2.861 F -(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 679.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 691.2 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E -F0 1.195(An associati)144 703.2 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) -.15 F 1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of al\ -iases as main-)-.25 F .024(tained by the)144 715.2 R F1(alias)2.524 E F0 --.2(bu)2.524 G 2.524(iltin. Elements).2 F .024 -(added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array ele-) -2.524 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 727.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(df).15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12) -147.345 E(9)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 672 +R F3 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as)2.726 F +F2(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F1(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977(ft) +-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment) +-.4 E(when)144 684 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell opti\ +on in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G +.641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 696 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 +E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(9)203.165 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935 -(An array v)144 96 R .935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .36 +(Expands to the process id of the current)144 96 R F1(bash)2.861 E F0 +2.861(process. This)2.861 F(dif)2.861 E .361(fers from)-.25 F F1($$) +2.861 E F0 .361(under certain circum-)2.861 F +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 E +F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 120 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +1.195(An associati)144 132 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F +1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of aliases \ +as main-)-.25 F .024(tained by the)144 144 R F1(alias)2.524 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.524 G 2.524(iltin. Elements).2 F .024 +(added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array ele-) +2.524 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) +.15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 168 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 +.935(An array v)144 180 R .935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 108 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 +F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 192 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 (The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ - script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 120 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 + script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 204 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 (or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 (When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 (cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -132 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 +216 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 144 S +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 228 S (tended deb).15 E(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1 (extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98 -(An array v)144 168 R .979 +2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98 +(An array v)144 252 R .979 (ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) 3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.979 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the\ - stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 180 R 1.424 -(call is at the bottom.)144 192 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F + stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 +(call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 -F F2 -.27(BA)144 204 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) +F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) 6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F -(description of the)144 216 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the) +(description of the)144 300 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the) 2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)108 228 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 240 R .968 -.15 +(BA)108 312 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 324 R .968 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\ the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .146(as maintained by the) -144 252 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F +144 336 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F .146(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F -(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 276 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E -F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 +(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 360 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E +F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 (cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 (cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -300 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -312 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 324 Q +384 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +396 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 408 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .034 -(An array v)144 348 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 3.491(ber of)144 360 -R F2(FUNCN)5.991 E(AME)-.18 E F3(.)A F1(${B)7.991 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 3.491 -(is the line number in the source \214le where)5.991 F F1(${FUNCN)144 -372 Q(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.311 G 3.311(sc).1 G .811 -(alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A -F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.987 -(function\). The)144 384 R 2.487(corresponding source \214le name is) -4.987 F F1(${B)4.986 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 7.486(.U)C -(se)-7.486 E F2(LINENO)4.986 E F0(to)4.736 E -(obtain the current line number)144 396 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 408 S -(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 420 R .005 -(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .006 -(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006(conditional com-) -2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 432 R .007(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507 -(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 420 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 +(An array v)144 432 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 444 R +F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) +-3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 456 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 +E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G +17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 468 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +-.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 +(if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 +(LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 +480 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 492 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005 +(An array v)144 504 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the) +-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 +E F0 .006(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 516 R .007 +(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 444 R(x)-.15 E +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 528 R(x)-.15 E F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 456 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 468 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .89(An array v)144 480 R .889(ari\ -able whose members are the source \214lenames corresponding to the elem\ -ents in the)-.25 F F2(FUNCN)144 492 Q(AME)-.18 E F0(array v)2.25 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 504 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .401 -(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 516 R .401 -(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.902(wned. The)-.15 F .402(initial v)2.902 F -.402(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 528 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 540 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 -2.645(Ar)144 552 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 +(sion. This)144 540 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 564 R .125(ar\ +iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ +shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 576 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +-.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 588 Q F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 600 S +(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .402 +(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 612 R .401 +(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.901(wned. The)-.15 F .401(initial v)2.901 F +.401(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 624 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 636 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 +2.644(Ar)144 648 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 -(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 564 S +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 +(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 660 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)144 582 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E +(BA)144 678 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 -(BA)144 594 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E +(BA)144 690 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 606 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 618 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A -F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 630 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E -F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 642 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 -(])A F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E F3(.)A -F1 -.3(BA)108 658.8 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 670.8 Q -(ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -687.6 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 699.6 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 -E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 711.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 723.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E -(10)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +144 702 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 714 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A +F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(10)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_KEY)108 84 Q F0(The k)144 96 Q .3 -.15 -(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15 -(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H -(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 112.8 Q F0 1.207 -(The current command line.)144 124.8 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1 +(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A +F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE) +-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 112.8 S(SH_VERSION).3 E +F0(Expands to a string describing the v)144 124.8 Q +(ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 +141.6 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 153.6 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 +E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 165.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 177.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 +E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 194.4 Q F0(The k)144 206.4 Q +.3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G +.3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t) +.2 H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 223.2 Q F0 +1.208(The current command line.)144 235.2 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.849(mands in)144 136.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.848(mands in)144 247.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 148.8 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 165.6 Q F0 .666 -(The inde)144 177.6 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 259.2 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 276 Q F0 .667 +(The inde)144 288 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 +F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -189.6 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 201.6 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 213.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +300 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 312 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 324 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -230.4 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 242.4 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue \ +340.8 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 352.8 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue \ corresponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a complet\ -ion)-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 254.4 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 -F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) --2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 266.4 Q F0 4.092(,f)C -1.592(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092 -(np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) -4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w) --4.092 F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 278.4 R F2(%) -4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v) -6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 290.4 S 2.929 +ion)-.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 364.8 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B) +.5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 +2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 376.8 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 +(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) +-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 +E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 +F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 388.8 R F2(%)4.053 E +F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F +1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 400.8 S 2.928 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -302.4 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 319.2 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E -F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 331.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) -144 343.2 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G -(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 355.2 Q F1(COMP_W)108 372 Q(ORDS)-.1 -E F0 .653(An array v)144 384 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 -E F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) --.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 396 R -1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 -G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 -408 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 -(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) -144 420 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 436.8 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169 -(An array v)144 448.8 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +412.8 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 429.6 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E +F0 1.336(The set of characters that the)144 441.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) +144 453.6 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 465.6 Q F1(COMP_W)108 482.4 Q(ORDS) +-.1 E F0 .654(An array v)144 494.4 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)3.154 E F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F +.653(vidual w)-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332 +(line. The)144 506.4 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as) +-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832 +(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 +E .832(described abo)144 518.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832 +(his v)-5.832 F .832(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 +(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) +144 530.4 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 +E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 547.2 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168 +(An array v)144 559.2 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0 (belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 460.8 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 477.6 Q -.55 -(AC)-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 489.6 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 -F F1(Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 571.2 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 588 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 600 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 501.6 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 -(members of this array v)144 513.6 R 1.432 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 612 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 624 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 525.6 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 636 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 537.6 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 648 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 549.6 Q F1(EUID)108 -566.4 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u) +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F1(EUID)108 +676.8 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u) -.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 578.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 595.2 Q -(AME)-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 607.2 R .479 +(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 688.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 705.6 Q +(AME)-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 717.6 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 -(The element with inde)144 619.2 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G -.276(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe) --.15 G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F -.25(element is)144 631.2 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C -.25(his v)-5.25 F .25(ariable e)-.25 F .25 -(xists only when a shell function is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.75 -(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E F3(FUNCN)144 643.2 Q(AME)-.18 E F0 -(ha)2.635 E .685 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.885(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.885 G .385 -(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.385 E F3(FUNCN)2.885 E(AME) --.18 E F0 .384(is unset, it loses its special)2.634 F(properties, e)144 -655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) --2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(GR)108 672 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 -(An array v)144 684 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E -.597(ments to)144 696 R F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G .597 -(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS) --.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F(cial properties, e) -144 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 -(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12) -147.345 E(11)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 +(The element with inde)144 729.6 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G +.276(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(11)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCMD)108 84 Q F0 .355 -(The history number)144 96 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde)-2.855 -E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 -(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G -2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 124.8 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 136.8 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 153.6 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that unique\ -ly describes the type of machine on which)144 165.6 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 -.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 177.6 R -(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 194.4 Q F0 -1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\ -ecimal number representing the)144 206.4 R .078(current sequential line\ - number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 218.4 R -.078(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 230.4 R -.306(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If) -5.307 E F2(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F -(special properties, e)144 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi) --2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 -259.2 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully \ -describes the system type on which)144 271.2 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898 -(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 -283.2 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE) -108 300 Q F0 .293(An array v)144 312 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)2.793 E F0(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F -.294(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 324 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 340.8 Q F0(The pre)144 352.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E -(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 369.6 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 381.6 R 1.627 +-.35 E .385(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 84 R .384 +(x\) is)-.15 F/F1 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384 +(his v)-5.384 F .384(ariable e)-.25 F .384 +(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .034(tion is e)144 96 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.534(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.535 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(FUNCN)2.535 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.285 E .335 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.535(oe) +.15 G -.25(ff)-2.535 G .035(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If) +5.035 E F2(FUNC-)2.535 E -.18(NA)144 108 S(ME).18 E F0 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) +-2.5 E .111(This v)144 126 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)2.611 E F3 -.3(BA) +2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111(ach element of)-5.111 F F3 +(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 138 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404 +(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F3 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO).3 E +F0(and)3.904 E F3 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 150 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F3(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F3(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012 +(alled from the \214le)-2.512 F F3(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4 +($i+1)A F3(]})A F0 1.183(at line number)144 162 R F3(${B)3.683 E +(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F4($i)A F3(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F3(caller) +3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G 1.184 +(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F(this information.)144 +174 Q F3(GR)108 190.8 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229(An array v)144 202.8 R 1.228 +(ariable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a m\ +ember)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E .596(ments to)144 214.8 R +F2(GR)3.096 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe) +.15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G .597(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If) +5.597 E F2(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-) +2.847 F(cial properties, e)144 226.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 +(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F3 +(HISTCMD)108 243.6 Q F0 .356(The history number)144 255.6 R 2.856(,o)-.4 +G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde)-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F2 +(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 267.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F3 +(HOSTN)108 284.4 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 296.4 Q F3 +(HOSTTYPE)108 313.2 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that unique\ +ly describes the type of machine on which)144 325.2 R F3(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 337.2 R +(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F3(LINENO)108 354 Q F0 1.408 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decima\ +l number representing the)144 366 R .078(current sequential line number\ + \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 378 R .079 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 390 R .307 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E +F2(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F +(special properties, e)144 402 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F3(MA)108 418.8 +Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully descri\ +bes the system type on which)144 430.8 R F3(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e) +3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 442.8 +Q F4(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F3(MAPFILE)108 459.6 Q F0 .294 +(An array v)144 471.6 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F3(Arrays)2.794 E F0 +(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F3(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 483.6 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E +F3(OLDPWD)108 500.4 Q F0(The pre)144 512.4 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F3(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F3 +(OPT)108 529.2 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 541.2 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 -(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 393.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 410.4 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 -422.4 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651 -(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts) -4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.152 -E -.09(BU)144 434.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 451.2 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that\ - describes the operating system on which)144 463.2 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 -.329(is e)2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 475.2 Q -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 492 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) -.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 504 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) +F3(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 553.2 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)108 570 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 582 R +4.152(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 +F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F3(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2 +(bu)4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 +594 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F3 +(OSTYPE)108 610.8 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describe\ +s the operating system on which)144 622.8 R F3(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e) +2.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 634.8 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F3(PIPEST)108 651.6 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 663.6 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F3(Arrays) 3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 (xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E -(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 532.8 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(the most-recently-e)144 675.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F3 +(PPID)108 692.4 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 549.6 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E -(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 566.4 Q F0 .566 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 578.4 R .565 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 -590.4 R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 602.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 619.2 Q F0 1.547 -(The contents of the)144 631.2 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547 -(or use with)-4.047 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF 1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see) -4.047 E F2 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F -(MANDS)144 643.2 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_POINT)108 660 -Q F0 .313(The position of the insertion point in the)144 672 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.813 G(adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E -2.813(,f)-.4 G .313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0 -(\(see)2.814 E F2(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 684 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 700.8 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 712.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad) -.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E -(guments are supplied.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 -E(12)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +F3(PWD)108 709.2 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E +(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F3(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(12)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SECONDS)108 84 Q F0 .795(Each time this pa\ -rameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 96 R -.2 -(vo)-.4 G .795(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 108 R .712 -(alue is assigned to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SECONDS)3.212 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 -(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .408 -(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 120 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 132 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 148.8 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 -160.8 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763 -(Each w)5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F -.763(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 172.8 Q F0 1.174(option to the) -3.674 F F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F -F2 1.173(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.423 E 3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 -184.8 R F2(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F4 10 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)108 84 Q F0 .565 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 96 R .566 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 108 +R .01(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 136.8 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 +148.8 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E +(fer)-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 160.8 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 177.6 Q F0 .314 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 189.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 +G(adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 +(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 201.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 218.4 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 230.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad) +.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E +(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 247.2 Q F0 .795(Each time \ +this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 +259.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 271.2 +R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712 +(the v)2.962 F .712 +(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .407 +(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 283.2 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 295.2 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 312 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 324 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) +5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 336 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F +F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 +(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E +3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 348 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 196.8 Q F1(bash) -3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 -F(This v)144 208.8 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 -225.6 Q(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 -237.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 254.4 Q F0 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 360 Q F1(bash) +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 +F(This v)144 372 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 388.8 +Q(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 400.8 Q +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 417.6 Q F0 (Expands to the user ID of the current user)17.67 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 271.2 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 434.4 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 283.2 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 300 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 -(If this parameter is set when)144 312 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) -3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 324 R F4 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) -2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 336 R .525 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 446.4 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 463.2 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 +(If this parameter is set when)144 475.2 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) +3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 487.2 R F5 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) +2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 499.2 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 348 Q F2 --.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 511.2 Q +F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214le name.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 360 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 372 R -.48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 -F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 384 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) -5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) --.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -396 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 -F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 G +108 523.2 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 535.2 +R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 +F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F +(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 547.2 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 +(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 +(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 559.2 S +(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F +2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 G (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -408 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F2 -.27(BA)144 420 S -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le des\ -criptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F -(standard error being closed.)144 432 Q F1(CDP)108 444 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G -(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 456 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 -3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 468 R F1 -(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 -(alue is)-.25 F F5(".:~:/usr")144 480 Q F0(.)A F1(COLUMNS)108 492 Q F0 -.425(Used by the)144 504 R F1(select)2.925 E F0 -.2(bu)2.925 G .425(ilt\ -in command to determine the terminal width when printing selection list\ -s.).2 F(Automatically set upon receipt of a)144 516 Q F2(SIGWINCH)2.5 E -F3(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 528 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847(An array v)144 540 R .848 -(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 +571.2 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA)144 +583.2 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ +\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F +(standard error being closed.)144 595.2 Q F1(CDP)108 607.2 Q -.95(AT) +-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 619.2 R F1(cd)3.747 +E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 631.2 R +F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 +(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 643.2 Q F0(.)A F1(COLUMNS)108 655.2 Q +F0 .425(Used by the)144 667.2 R F1(select)2.925 E F0 -.2(bu)2.925 G .425 +(iltin command to determine the terminal width when printing selection \ +lists.).2 F(Automatically set upon receipt of a)144 679.2 Q F2(SIGWINCH) +2.5 E F3(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 691.2 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848(An array v)144 +703.2 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F -(in)144 552 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +(in)144 715.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acility \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(EMA)108 564 Q -(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 576 Q F1(bash)2.536 E F0 .036(\214nds this v)2.536 -F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F5(t)2.535 E -F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F -(shell is running in an emacs shell b)144 588 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 600 Q F0(Similar to) -14.89 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F3(;)A F0 -(used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 612 Q F0(The def)144 624 Q -(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 -E F1(FIGNORE)108 636 Q F0 2.598(Ac)144 648 S .098 -(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 -(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F2 -(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 660 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 -(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F2(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 -(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 672 Q 2.5(As)5 -G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F5(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 -684 Q F0 1.78(If set to a numeric v)144 696 R 1.78 -(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.28(l. Function).15 F(in)144 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cations that e).2 E(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lw) -.15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(13)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(13)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 84 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 96 S -.618(olon-separated list of patterns de\214ning the set of \214lenames \ -to be ignored by pathname e)-3.118 F(xpan-)-.15 E 3.131(sion. If)144 108 -R 3.132<618c>3.131 G .632(lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 -(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)144 120 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.) --2.5 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 132 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.654(Ac)144 144 S .153 -(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F -2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 -G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .153(If the list) -5.153 F .49(of v)144 156 R .49(alues includes)-.25 F/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.99 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49 -(ines which be)-2.99 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .491 -(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.991(di).15 G 2.991(nt) --2.991 G .491(he his-)-2.991 F .558(tory list.)144 168 R 3.058(Av)5.558 -G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F4(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.958 -(Av)144 180 S .458(alue of)-3.208 F F4(ignor)2.968 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.458(is shorthand for)3.238 F F4(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.959 E F4(ignor)2.959 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.459(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .459 -(lue of).25 F F4(er)2.959 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.959 E .699 -(all pre)144 192 R .698 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EMA)108 84 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 96 Q F1 +(bash)2.535 E F0 .035(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 +F .036(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Courier@0 SF(t)2.536 E F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036 +(ssumes that the)-2.536 F(shell is running in an emacs shell b)144 108 Q +(uf)-.2 E(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 120 Q F0 +(Similar to)14.89 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(;)A F0(used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G 2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 +132 Q F0(The def)144 144 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 156 Q F0 2.599(Ac)144 168 S +.098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 +(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 +(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 180 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 +(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 192 Q 2.5(As)5 +G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 +204 Q F0 1.78(If set to a numeric v)144 216 R 1.78 +(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.28(l. Function).15 F(in)144 228 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cations that e).2 E(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lw) +.15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 +240 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 252 S .618(olon-separated list of patterns de\214\ +ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathname e)-3.118 F(xpan-) +-.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 264 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632 +(lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 +(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 +(GLOBIGNORE)144 276 Q F4(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) +.15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 288 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 +2.653(Ac)144 300 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153 +(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 +F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.) +-2.653 F .154(If the list)5.153 F .491(of v)144 312 R .491 +(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 +E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F +F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99 +(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 324 R +3.057(Av)5.557 G .557(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 +.557(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 +(Av)144 336 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 +(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 +(all pre)144 348 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .698(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.763(d. An).15 F 2.763(yv)-.15 G .263 -(alue not in the abo)-3.013 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .264 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.942(av)144 216 S .442(alid v) --3.192 F .442(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.941(do).15 G 2.941(nt)-2.941 G .441 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.941 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)144 228 Q F3(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ -f a multi-line compound command are not)6.481 F -(tested, and are added to the history re)144 240 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G -(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F3(.) -A F1(HISTFILE)108 252 Q F0 .181 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 264 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F2(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.681(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.681 E .181(ault v) --.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 276 Q F4(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 +3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F +(sa)144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 +(alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 372 S .441(alid v) +-3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3 +(HISTIGNORE)144 384 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ +f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F +(tested, and are added to the history re)144 396 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) +A F1(HISTFILE)108 408 Q F0 .181 +(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 420 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) +-.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) +-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 432 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(hen an interacti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell e).15 E -(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 288 Q F0 1.622 -(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 300 R -1.623(When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 -312 S .305(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F +(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 444 Q F0 1.623 +(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 456 R +1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 +468 S .305(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F 2.805(,b)-.65 G 2.805(yr)-2.805 G(emo)-2.805 E .305 -(ving the oldest entries, to contain no more)-.15 F .601 -(than that number of lines.)144 324 R .601(The def)5.601 F .602(ault v) --.1 F .602(alue is 500.)-.25 F .602 +(ving the oldest entries, to contain no more)-.15 F .602 +(than that number of lines.)144 480 R .602(The def)5.602 F .602(ault v) +-.1 F .602(alue is 500.)-.25 F .601 (The history \214le is also truncated to this size)5.602 F -(after writing it when an interacti)144 336 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -(hell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 348 Q F0 2.658(Ac)144 360 S -.158(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines\ - should be sa)-2.658 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.657(do).15 G 2.657(nt)-2.657 G -.157(he his-)-2.657 F .707(tory list.)144 372 R .707 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.707 F .708 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .626 -(\(no implicit `)144 384 R F1(*)A F0 3.126('i)C 3.126(sa)-3.126 G 3.126 -(ppended\). Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 -(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F2(HISTCONTR)144 -396 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 +(after writing it when an interacti)144 492 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 504 Q F0 2.657(Ac)144 516 S +.157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines\ + should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G 2.658(nt)-2.658 G +.158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 528 R .708 +(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 +(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 +(\(no implicit `)144 540 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 +(ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 +(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F3(HISTCONTR)144 +552 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 408 R 2.515(vious history line.) +F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 564 R 2.514(vious history line.) -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 420 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(db).15 G .852(efore attempting a match.)-3.352 F +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 576 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 432 Q -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F3 -(.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 444 Q F0 1.942 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 456 -R F2(HIST)4.442 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.192 E 4.442(w\). The) --.25 F(def)144 468 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1(HISTTIMEFORMA) -108 480 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 492 R .951 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F4(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952 -(\(3\) to print the)B .673 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 504 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) -3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 516 R +(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 588 Q -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F4 +(.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 600 Q F0 1.942 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 612 +R F3(HIST)4.443 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.193 E 4.443(w\). The) +-.25 F(def)144 624 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1(HISTTIMEFORMA) +108 636 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 648 R .952 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 +(\(3\) to print the)B .672 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 660 +R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) +3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 672 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 528 Q -F1(HOME)108 540 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 552 R 1.27(ault ar) +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 684 Q +F1(HOME)108 696 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 708 R 1.27(ault ar) -.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 564 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 576 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 588 R F4 -(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 600 R .551 -(The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 612 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 624 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 636 R F1(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 -(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 648 -Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F1(IFS)108 660 Q F0(The)20.44 E F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 -(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 -(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 -F -.1(wo)144 672 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 684 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 696 R .803 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) -144 708 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 -(EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 -(on an input line before)144 720 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G -2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(14)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 720 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(14)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(no v)144 84 Q(alue, the def)-.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 -E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 E F0 -(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(INPUTRC)108 96 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 108 R F2 -.18(re) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)108 84 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 96 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 +(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .55 +(needs to complete a hostname.)144 108 R .551 +(The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 120 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 132 Q F0 .138 +(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139 +(alue, or)-.25 F .518(does not name a readable \214le,)144 144 R F1 +(bash)3.018 E F0 .518(attempts to read)3.018 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 +.517(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 +156 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0 +(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 168 Q F0(The) +20.44 E F2 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 +.555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556 +(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 180 S(rds with the) +.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E +(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 192 Q F0 .503 +(Controls the action of an interacti)144 204 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +144 216 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(on an input line before)144 228 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 +(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 240 Q(alue, the def) +-.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E +F3(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 +(INPUTRC)108 252 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 264 R F1 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c)-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F1(READLINE)3.935 E F0 -(belo)144 120 Q(w\).)-.25 E F2(LANG)108 132 Q F0 1.239 -(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739 -(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24(gory not speci\214cally selected with a v) --.15 F(ariable)-.25 E(starting with)144 144 Q F2(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(LC_ALL)108 156 Q F0 .974(This v)144 168 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .974(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.473 E -F0 .973(and an)3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F2(LC_)3.473 E F0 --.25(va)3.473 G .973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 180 -Q(.)-.65 E F2(LC_COLLA)108 192 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 204 R .412 -(ariable determines the collation order used when sorting the results o\ -f pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 -216 R 1.465(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F -(within pathname e)144 228 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F2 -(LC_CTYPE)108 240 Q F0 1.935(This v)144 252 R 1.936 +1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F3(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 276 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F1(LANG)108 288 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 +(gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E +(starting with)144 300 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 312 Q F0 .973 +(This v)144 324 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 +(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F3(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) +3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G +.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 336 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 348 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 360 R .412(ariable det\ +ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 372 R 1.464 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 +384 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 396 Q F0 +1.936(This v)144 408 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 264 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F2(LC_MESSA)108 276 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 288 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ -ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F2($)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(LC_NUMERIC) -108 300 Q F0(This v)144 312 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F2(LINES)108 324 Q F0 1.219 -(Used by the)5.99 F F2(select)3.719 E F0 -.2(bu)3.719 G 1.218(iltin com\ +1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 420 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 432 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 444 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) +108 456 Q F0(This v)144 468 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 480 Q F0 1.218 +(Used by the)5.99 F F1(select)3.718 E F0 -.2(bu)3.718 G 1.219(iltin com\ mand to determine the column length for printing selection lists.).2 F -(Automatically set upon receipt of a)144 336 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(MAIL)108 348 Q F0 .187 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F F1(MAILP)2.687 -E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.438 G .188(riable is not set,) -.25 F F2(bash)2.688 E F0 .188(informs the user)2.688 F(of the arri)144 -360 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G -(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F2(MAILCHECK)108 372 Q F0 .099 -(Speci\214es ho)144 384 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.599 F F2(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 +(Automatically set upon receipt of a)144 492 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 504 Q F0 .188 +(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F F3(MAILP)2.687 +E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.437 G .187(riable is not set,) +.25 F F1(bash)2.687 E F0 .187(informs the user)2.687 F(of the arri)144 +516 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G +(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 528 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 540 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 396 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 -(or set to a v)144 408 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ - equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F2(MAILP)108 -420 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.814(Ac)144 432 S .314 -(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.814 F .314 +mpt.)144 552 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 +(or set to a v)144 564 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ + equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108 +576 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.815(Ac)144 588 S .314 +(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.815 F .314 (ed for mail.)-.1 F .314(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F -(arri)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\ +(arri)144 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\ ular \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214le name from the m\ -essage with a)-3.42 F 2.807(`?'. When)144 456 R .307(used in the te) -2.807 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F2($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G -.308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.308 E -(ple:)144 468 Q F2(MAILP)144 480 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A +essage with a)-3.42 F 2.808(`?'. When)144 612 R .308(used in the te) +2.808 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G +.308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E +(ple:)144 624 Q F1(MAILP)144 636 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A (ar/mail/bfox?"Y)-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F2(Bash)144 492 Q F0 .389 -(supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F -.389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 648 Q F0 .388 +(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F +.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F -(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 504 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F2($USER)A F0 -(\).)A F2(OPTERR)108 516 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 528 R .389 -(alue 1,)-.25 F F2(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F2(getopts)2.89 E F0 --.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .36(SHELL B)144 540 R(UIL) --.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTERR) -5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 552 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 -.74(PA)108 564 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 -(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .588 -(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 576 R F1 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 588 S -.535(lue of).25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 600 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 612 R F2(bash)28.828 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 -SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 624 Q F0(.)A -F2(POSIXL)108 636 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 648 R .472 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F2(bash)2.971 E -F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F F3 .471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 -.471(before reading)2.971 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 660 -R F2(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011 -(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 672 Q F2(bash)2.5 -E F0(enables)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F5(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PR)108 684 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 696 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(15)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 660 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 +(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 672 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 684 R .39(alue 1,) +-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) +2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 +F F3 .359(SHELL B)144 696 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 708 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(15)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)108 84 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 -.676(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 96 R .676 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.74(PA)108 84 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .587 +(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .471 +(COMMAND EXECUTION)2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 108 S +.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 120 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 132 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 +31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10 +/Courier@0 SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 144 +Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 156 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 168 +R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash) +2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 180 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 204 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 216 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) +108 228 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 240 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 108 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +(nents to retain when e)144 252 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -3.423 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E -(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 132 Q F0 .065(The v) +3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E +(Characters remo)144 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 276 Q F0 .064(The v) 19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 144 R +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 288 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 156 Q F0 .117(The v)19.33 F .117 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 168 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 180 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 300 Q F0 .118(The v)19.33 F .118 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) +5.117 E(def)144 312 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 324 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 192 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 204 Q F0 .1 -(The v)19.33 F .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1(xpanded as with) --.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 216 Q F0 .292 -(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F -.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 -(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 228 Q 2.5(,t) +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 336 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 348 Q F0 +.101(The v)19.33 F .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 360 Q F0 .291 +(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F +.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 +(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 372 Q 2.5(,t) -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 240 Q F0 .663 -(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 252 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 -(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 264 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 384 Q F0 .664 +(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 396 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F +.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 +(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 408 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 276 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 -288 R .826 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 420 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 +432 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 300 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 312 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 324 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 342 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 354 Q/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 -E F1(%[)144 366 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 378 Q -F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.) -13.34 E F1(%P)144 390 Q F0 -(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 -(The optional)144 406.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 418.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 430.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 442.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 459.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 444 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 456 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +(and their meanings are as follo)144 468 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 486 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 498 Q F4(p)A F1 +(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 510 Q F4(p)A +F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1 +(%[)144 522 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)13.34 E F1(%P)144 534 Q +F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 +(The optional)144 550.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 562.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 574.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 +(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 586.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 603.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 471.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E(If this v)144 -488.4 Q(ariable is not set,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.501 E F0 .001 -(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.501 E -(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .495(If the v)144 -500.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F +F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 615.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001 +(If this v)144 632.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.501 E +F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.5 E +(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144 +644.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F 2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494 (wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144 -512.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 529.2 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 541.2 R .941 +656.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 673.2 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 685.2 R .941 (alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941 (is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18 -(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 553.2 Q F1 -(select)2.811 E F0 .311(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 -F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31 -(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 565.2 R -.885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 -F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 -577.2 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 -(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 -(aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144 -589.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 606 Q F0 .273(If set,)144 -618 R F1(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273(uses its v)2.773 F .274 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.774 F(shell')144 630 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 646.8 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 658.8 -R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 670.8 R -.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 682.8 S .367(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -694.8 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 706.8 Q 1.133 -(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 -(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 718.8 R .624(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 730.8 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 697.2 Q F1 +(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F +.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311 +(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 709.2 +R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v) +.15 F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1 +(wa)144 721.2 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F +F1(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 +(aiting for that number of)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21) +148.175 E(16)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%?)3.333 E F0 .833 -(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) -3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an) -3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834 -(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 96 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.815 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0(job)2.815 E -(identi\214er)144 108 Q(.)-.55 E F1(histchars)108 124.8 Q F0 2.069 -(The tw)144 136.8 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07 -(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok) --.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E -(EXP)144 148.8 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716(w\). The)-.25 F -1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215(history e)3.715 F -(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G 1.215 -(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e)144 -160.8 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 -(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 172.8 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 184.8 R .575(The def) -5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 -(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ +-.35 E(seconds if input does not arri)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMPDIR)108 100.8 Q F0 .274(If set,)144 112.8 R F1 +(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274(uses its v)2.774 F .274 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.773 F(shell')144 124.8 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 141.6 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 +153.6 R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 165.6 R +.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 177.6 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +189.6 R(The)6.125 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 +(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 201.6 Q 1.132 +(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 213.6 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 225.6 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 237.6 Q F1(%?)3.334 E +F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834 +(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834 +(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833 +(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 249.6 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 261.6 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(histchars)108 278.4 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 290.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57 +(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 302.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G +1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +144 314.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B +.798(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 326.4 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G +.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 338.4 R .575(The def) +5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 196.8 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 208.8 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 220.8 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.379(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 232.8 Q F1(Arrays)87 249.6 Q -(Bash)108 261.6 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 273.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.328(an array)108 285.6 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 -(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.387(enced using inte)108 297.6 R -1.387(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F -1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.686 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.386 -(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 309.6 -Q 2.462(An inde)108 326.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462 -(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463 -(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A -F3(sub-)A(script)108 338.4 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 5.427(.T)C(he)-5.427 -E F3(subscript)3.267 E F0 .426(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.607 F -.426(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .426(luate to a number) -.25 F 5.426(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.426 E F3(sub-)3.266 E(script)108 350.4 Q F0 --.25(eva)3.913 G .733 +char)144 350.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 362.4 R 1.294 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 374.4 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 +F .38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 386.4 Q F1(Arrays)87 403.2 Q +(Bash)108 415.2 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G +.89(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 427.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.329(an array)108 439.2 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 451.2 R +1.386(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F +1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.687 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.387 +(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 463.2 +Q 2.463(An inde)108 480 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463 +(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462 +(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A +F2(sub-)A(script)108 492 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 5.426(.T)C(he)-5.426 E +F2(subscript)3.266 E F0 .426(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.606 F .426 +(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .427(luate to a number).25 +F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sub-)3.267 E(script)108 504 Q F0 -.25 +(eva)3.913 G .733 (luates to a number less than zero, it is used as an of).25 F .733 (fset from one greater than the array')-.25 F 3.233(sm)-.55 G(axi-) --3.233 E 1.105(mum inde)108 362.4 R 3.605(x\()-.15 G 1.105 -(so a subcript of -1 refers to the last element of the array\).)-3.605 F -2.704 -.8(To e)6.104 H 1.104(xplicitly declare an inde).65 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(d).15 E(array)108 374.4 Q 3.827(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.827 E F1(declar) -3.827 E 3.827<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.827 E F3(name)3.827 E F0(\(see)3.827 E F2 +-3.233 E 1.104(mum inde)108 516 R 3.604(x\()-.15 G 1.105 +(so a subcript of -1 refers to the last element of the array\).)-3.604 F +2.705 -.8(To e)6.105 H 1.105(xplicitly declare an inde).65 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G(d).15 E(array)108 528 Q 3.828(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.828 E F1(declar) +3.828 E 3.828<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0(\(see)3.828 E F3 1.327(SHELL B)3.827 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.327(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.578 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)6.328 E 3.828<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.828 E F3 -(name)3.828 E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is)3.828 E -(also accepted; the)108 386.4 Q F3(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E -(Associati)108 403.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E -F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -420 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 -(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 --.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 432 Q(.) --.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 448.8 -R F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F3(value)108 460.8 Q F0 .122(is of the form [)2.622 F F3 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 5.122(.I)C(nde)-5.122 E -.15(xe)-.15 +3.577 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)6.327 E 3.827<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.827 E F2 +(name)3.827 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is)3.827 E +(also accepted; the)108 540 Q F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E +(Associati)108 556.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E +F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 +573.6 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 +-.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 585.6 Q +(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 602.4 +R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F2(value)108 614.4 Q F0 .122(is of the form [)2.622 F F2 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 5.122(.I)C(nde)-5.122 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.622(da).15 G .122(rray assignments do not require the brack)-2.622 F -.122(et and subscript.)-.1 F .163(When assigning to inde)108 472.8 R +.122(et and subscript.)-.1 F .164(When assigning to inde)108 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F -.163(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G -2.664(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 -484.8 R 3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 496.8 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 513.6 Q +.163(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G +2.663(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 638.4 +R 3.91(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 650.4 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 667.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 530.4 R F1(declar) -2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 -542.4 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 -(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 559.2 Q 3.576 -(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F -F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 -(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 571.2 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3 -(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E -F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 -(These subscripts dif)108 583.2 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 595.2 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B -.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 -(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.375(of the)108 607.2 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 -(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 -619.2 R F3(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 -(within a w)108 631.2 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 -(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 -643.2 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 -F .228(to the e)108 655.2 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 -F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 -(\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 667.2 -S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A -F0 3.386(]}. If)B F3(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) -3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .463(ments in the array)108 679.2 -R 5.463(.R)-.65 G .463(eferencing an array v)-5.463 F .462 -(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .462 -(lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 691.2 Q -.168(An array v)108 708 R .168 -(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 F -2.668(alue. The)-.25 F .168(null string is a v)2.668 F .168(alid v)-.25 -F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 724.8 Q F1(unset)4.1 E F0 -.2(bu)4.1 G 1.6 -(iltin is used to destro).2 F 4.099(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-4.099 E F1(unset) -6.599 E F3(name)4.099 E F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 4.099(]d)C(estro)-4.099 -E 1.599(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(17)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 684 R F1(declar)2.74 +E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 +696 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0(syntax introduced abo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 712.8 Q 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075 +(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A +F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076(braces are required to a)3.576 F +-.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542(con\215icts with pathname e)108 724.8 R 4.041 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0 +(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e) +-.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(17)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(subscript)108 84 Q F0 5.278(.C)C .278 -(are must be tak)-5.278 F .278(en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .279(id unw).2 -F .279(anted side ef)-.1 F .279(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)5.279 E F1(name)2.779 E F0 -(,)A(where)108 96 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r) --2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A -F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E(The)108 112.8 Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 -E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F2 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.574 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F23.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 -(rray and a)-3.573 F F23.573 E F0 .751 -(option to specify an associati)108 124.8 R 1.051 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) -.15 E 5.751(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.751 E F2 -.18(re)3.251 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.251 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F23.252 E F0 .752 -(option to assign a list of w)3.252 F .752(ords read)-.1 F .502 -(from the standard input to an array)108 136.8 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.502 E F2(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F2(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +-.35 E 1.056(These subscripts dif)108 84 R 1.056(fer only when the w) +-.25 F 1.057(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w) +6.057 F 1.057(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 96 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B .521(xpands to a single w) +-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F +1.374(of the)108 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 +(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 +(there are no array members, ${)108 120 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 132 R .759(ord, the e) +-.1 F .759(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 +F .759(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e) +108 144 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last p\ +art of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous) +3.015 F .227(to the e)108 156 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters) +-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F3(@)2.728 E F0 +(\(see)2.728 E F3 .228(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 +(]})A -.15(ex)108 168 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A +F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 +E F3(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F3(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 +F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .462(ments in the array)108 +180 R 5.462(.R)-.65 G .462(eferencing an array v)-5.462 F .463 +(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .463 +(lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 192 Q +.168(An array v)108 208.8 R .168 +(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 F +2.668(alue. The)-.25 F .168(null string is a v)2.668 F .168(alid v)-.25 +F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 225.6 Q F3(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267 +(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F3(unset) +5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 +E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E +(script)108 237.6 Q F0 6.205(.C)C 1.205(are must be tak)-6.205 F 1.205 +(en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.205(id unw).2 F 1.205(anted side ef)-.1 F +1.204(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F3(unset)6.204 +E F1(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 249.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array) +2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F3(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1 +(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 +(or)2.5 E F3(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 266.4 Q F3(declar)3.573 E(e) +-.18 E F0(,)A F3(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F3 -.18(re) +3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F +F33.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F33.574 E F0 .752 +(option to specify an associati)108 278.4 R 1.052 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +.15 E 5.752(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.752 E F3 -.18(re)3.252 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.252 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F33.252 E F0 .751 +(option to assign a list of w)3.251 F .751(ords read)-.1 F .502 +(from the standard input to an array)108 290.4 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.502 E F3(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F3(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)3.002 G .502(iltins display array v).2 F .502(alues in a w)-.25 F -.502(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 -148.8 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 165.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\ +.503(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 +302.4 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 319.2 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\ pansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into w) -108 177.6 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26 -(nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 189.6 S .37 +108 331.2 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26 +(nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 343.2 S .369 (pansion performed:).15 F F1(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par) 2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 -.369(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 201.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1 +.37(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 355.2 Q F0(,).24 E F1 (arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G (plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion) --.2 E F0(.).24 E .47(The order of e)108 218.4 R .471 +-.2 E F0(.).24 E .471(The order of e)108 372 R .471 (xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471 -(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .471 -(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E -(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 230.4 Q +(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .47(ariable and arithmetic e) +-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E +(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 384 Q (ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 247.2 Q +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 400.8 Q (xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 264 R 1.487 -(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 276 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 288 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") --2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2 -(Brace Expansion)87 304.8 Q F1(Br)108.58 316.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F -(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 417.6 R 1.486 +(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 429.6 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 441.6 S(pansions of ").15 E F3($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") +-2.5 E F3(${)A F1(name)A F3([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G +(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87 458.4 +Q F1(Br)108.58 470.4 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 328.8 Q F1 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 482.4 Q F1 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 340.8 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 494.4 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 352.8 R +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 506.4 R .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 364.8 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 376.8 Q .718(Brace e)108 393.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +ch resulting string, e)108 518.4 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 530.4 Q .719(Brace e)108 547.2 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 405.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) -108 422.4 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A -F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y) -3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 434.4 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G +108 559.2 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F3({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F3(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 576 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F3({)3.242 E F1(x)A F3(..)A F1(y)A F3([..)A F1(incr)A +F3(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) +3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 588 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -446.4 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 458.4 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or) -2.514 E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ -empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 470.4 R -6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 482.4 S .541(pands to each character le) -.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F1 -(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G -.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0 -.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 494.4 R .182 -(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182 -(ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E -(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 506.4 Q .581(Brace e)108 523.2 -R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 535.2 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 547.2 Q +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +600 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 612 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or)2.515 +E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ +to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 624 R 6.143 +(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F(xpression) +-.15 E -.15(ex)108 636 S .542(pands to each character le).15 F .542 +(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E +F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G .542 +(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.041 E F1(y)3.041 E F0 .541 +(must be of)3.041 F .182(the same type.)108 648 R .182 +(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.182 F .183 +(ference between each term.)-.25 F .183(The def)5.183 F(ault)-.1 E +(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 660 Q .582(Brace e)108 676.8 R +.582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) +-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 688.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F3(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 700.8 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 564 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(\ -xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ - one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 576 R 3.441(alid sequence e) --.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 588 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 .255 -(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 600 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 -(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 612 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\ - shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 628.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 640.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 657.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 -G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 669.6 Q(cho)144 681.6 Q -(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 698.4 R .618 -(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 710.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 722.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 -(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 -(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(18) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 717.6 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 +(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 729.6 R 3.441 +(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(18)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 84 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.015 E F0(.) -A .437(If strict compatibility with)108 96 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 108 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) -2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 -E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 124.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 136.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F -1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087 -('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ - \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 148.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 160.8 R .726 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 172.8 Q .523 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +-.35 E 2.755(unchanged. A)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0 +(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre) +2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255(nt its being considered part of a brace e) +.15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91(sion. T)108 96 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G +.41(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 +F F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 108 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\ + shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) +108 124.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H +(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 153.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 +G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 165.6 Q(cho)144 177.6 Q +(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 194.4 R .618 +(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 206.4 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 218.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 +(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 +(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 230.4 Q F0 +.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 +(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +(If strict compatibility with)108 242.4 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 254.4 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) +87 271.2 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 283.2 R 1.087(ord be) +-.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ +ed a)108 295.2 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ +\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 307.2 R +.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 319.2 Q +.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 184.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 331.2 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 196.8 Q .093 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 213.6 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 343.2 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 360 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 225.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 372 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 237.6 R F1(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ -ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -249.6 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 261.6 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 -(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 384 R F2(N)4.141 E +F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ +ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 396 +R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu)108 408 +S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G .454 +(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F .454 +(the characters follo)2.954 F .455(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x) +-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 273.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 290.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 420 Q(If the login name is in)108 436.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 307.2 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 453.6 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) --.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.282(these cases, tilde e)108 319.2 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) +-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.281(these cases, tilde e)108 465.6 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) -.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282 (ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108 -331.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +477.6 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 348 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `) -108 360 R F2($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e) --4.105 F 1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F -4.106(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 372 -R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F -.406(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 384 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 396 -Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) -108 412.8 R F2(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 424.8 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 436.8 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 453.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 -(The v)144 465.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F -F1(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 477.6 R F1(par)4.014 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 494.4 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606 +(The `)108 506.4 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 518.4 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 530.4 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 +542.4 Q 1.189 +(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 +559.2 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +571.2 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 583.2 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 600 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(}) +A 1.204(The v)144 612 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204(The braces are required when) +6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F +.264(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 624 R F2(par)4.014 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 489.6 Q .686 -(If the \214rst character of)108 506.4 R F1(par)3.186 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.685(is an e)3.185 F .685(xclamation point \()-.15 F F2(!)A F0 .685 -(\), a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.185(lo).15 G 3.185(fv)-3.185 G .685 -(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.435 F F2(Bash)108 518.4 Q F0 .106 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 636 Q .685 +(If the \214rst character of)108 652.8 R F2(par)3.185 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.685(is an e)3.185 F .685(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .685 +(\), a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.186(lo).15 G 3.186(fv)-3.186 G .686 +(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.436 F F1(Bash)108 664.8 Q F0 .106 (uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 -E .352(able is then e)108 530.4 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351 +E .351(able is then e)108 676.8 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 (alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F -.351(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.851 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 542.4 Q F0 2.519 -(itself. This)2.519 F .019(is kno)2.519 F .019(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir) -2.519 E .019(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 -F .02(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .02(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F1 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .02(*} and)B(${)108 554.4 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0 -([)A F1(@)A F0 .763(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763 -(he e).65 F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263 -(wt)-.25 G .763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F -(introduce indirection.)108 566.4 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 -583.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334 -(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334 -(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 595.2 Q -(xpansion.)-.15 E .698(When not performing substring e)108 612 R .698 -(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G F2 -(bash)3.848 E F0 .697(tests for a parameter)3.198 F -(that is unset or null.)108 624 Q(Omitting the colon results in a test \ -only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 640.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .722(Use Default V)144 -652.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F1(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723(xpansion of)-.15 F F1 -(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.)3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-) --.2 E(wise, the v)144 664.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 676.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005(Assign Default V)144 688.8 R(alues) --.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F 2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.004(is assigned to)5.274 F F1(par)144 700.8 Q(ameter)-.15 -E F0 5.278(.T).73 G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 -(Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 712.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(19)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.352(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 688.8 Q F0 2.52 +(itself. This)2.52 F .02(is kno)2.52 F .02(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.52 E +.02(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 F .019 +(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .019(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F2(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .019(*} and)B(${)108 700.8 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A +F2(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 +F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G +.763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 712.8 +Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 729.6 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 +E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 +F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(19)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 -96 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par) -4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F -.661(sage to that ef)144 108 R .661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 -E F0 .662(is not present\) is written to the standard error and the she\ -ll, if it is not)3.931 F(interacti)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G -2.5(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(:+)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 144 R .745 -(nate V)-.15 F(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745 -(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 156 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 168 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .796 -(Substring Expansion.)144 192 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.796 F F1 -(length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .797(starting at the character)3.296 F .229(speci\214ed by)144 204 -R F1(of)2.729 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.229(.I)C(f)-5.229 E F1(length)2.729 E -F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1 -(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .228(starting at the char)2.728 F(-)-.2 E -.432(acter speci\214ed by)144 216 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 -(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433 -(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF .433(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 228 S(ION).855 -E F0(belo)2.926 E 3.176(w\). If)-.25 F F1(of)3.176 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25 -(eva)3.176 G .676(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .675 -(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .675(fset from)-.25 F .102 -(the end of the v)144 240 R .103(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.603 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.103(.I)C(f)-5.103 E F1(length)2.603 E F0 -.25(eva)2.603 G -.103(luates to a number less than zero, and).25 F F1(par)2.603 E(ameter) --.15 E F0(is)2.603 E(not)144 252 Q F2(@)3.643 E F0 1.143 -(and not an inde)3.643 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.643(do).15 G 3.643(ra)-3.643 G -(ssociati)-3.643 E 1.443 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.643(,i)-.65 G -3.643(ti)-3.643 G 3.643(si)-3.643 G 1.142(nterpreted as an of)-3.643 F -1.142(fset from the end of the)-.25 F -.25(va)144 264 S .037(lue of).25 -F F1(par)2.537 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .037 -(rather than a number of characters, and the e)2.537 F .038 -(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F .074(the tw)144 276 R 2.574 -(oo)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.574 G 2.574(sets. If).25 F F1(par)2.574 E(ameter) --.15 E F0(is)2.574 E F2(@)2.574 E F0 2.574(,t)C .074(he result is)-2.574 -F F1(length)2.574 E F0 .074(positional parameters be)2.574 F .073 -(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)2.573 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.073(.I)C(f)-5.073 E F1 -(par)144 288 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .205(is an inde)2.705 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-.35 E(and arithmetic e)108 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .697 +(When not performing substring e)108 100.8 R .698 +(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.848 E F0 .698(tests for a parameter)3.198 F +(that is unset or null.)108 112.8 Q(Omitting the colon results in a tes\ +t only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 129.6 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 141.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 +E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F +.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 153.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 165.6 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 177.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 189.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 +G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 201.6 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 213.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F1 .535(Display Err)144 225.6 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 237.6 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F +(interacti)144 249.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 261.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 273.6 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 285.6 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 297.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .797 +(Substring Expansion.)144 321.6 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.797 F F2 +(length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F2(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 .796(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 +333.6 R F2(of)2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F2(length) +2.728 E F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of) +-.15 F F2(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F +(-)-.2 E .433(acter speci\214ed by)144 345.6 R F2(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E +F0(.)A F2(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F2(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +.433(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 +357.6 S(ION).855 E F0(belo)2.925 E 3.175(w\). If)-.25 F F2(of)3.175 E +(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.175 G .676 +(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .676 +(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .676(fset from)-.25 F .103 +(the end of the v)144 369.6 R .103(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.603 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.103(.I)C(f)-5.103 E F2(length)2.603 E F0 -.25(eva)2.603 G +.103(luates to a number less than zero, and).25 F F2(par)2.602 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0(is)2.602 E(not)144 381.6 Q F1(@)3.642 E F0 1.142 +(and not an inde)3.642 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.642(do).15 G 3.642(ra)-3.642 G +(ssociati)-3.642 E 1.443 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.643(,i)-.65 G +3.643(ti)-3.643 G 3.643(si)-3.643 G 1.143(nterpreted as an of)-3.643 F +1.143(fset from the end of the)-.25 F -.25(va)144 393.6 S .038(lue of) +.25 F F2(par)2.538 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .037 +(rather than a number of characters, and the e)2.538 F .037 +(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F .073(the tw)144 405.6 R 2.573 +(oo)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.573 G 2.573(sets. If).25 F F2(par)2.573 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0(is)2.574 E F1(@)2.574 E F0 2.574(,t)C .074(he result is)-2.574 +F F2(length)2.574 E F0 .074(positional parameters be)2.574 F .074 +(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)2.574 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.074(.I)C(f)-5.074 E F2 +(par)144 417.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .205(is an inde)2.705 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.705(da).15 G .205(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --2.705 F F1(length)2.705 E F0 .205(members of the)2.705 F .697(array be) -144 300 R .697(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1 +-2.705 F F2(length)2.705 E F0 .205(members of the)2.705 F .696(array be) +144 429.6 R .697(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F2 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.197(]}. A)B(ne)3.197 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E --.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.347 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .697(is tak)3.197 F .697 +-.15(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.347 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .697(is tak)3.197 F .697 (en relati)-.1 F .997 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.197(oo).15 G .697 -(ne greater than)-3.197 F 1.403(the maximum inde)144 312 R 3.903(xo)-.15 -G 3.903(ft)-3.903 G 1.403(he speci\214ed array)-3.903 F 6.403(.S)-.65 G -1.403(ubstring e)-6.403 F 1.403(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F -1.704 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 1.295(produces unde\214ned results.) -144 324 R 1.295(Note that a ne)6.295 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.595 --.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G 1.294 -(set must be separated from the colon by at).25 F .958 -(least one space to a)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .959 -(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 3.459(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F -(inde)3.459 E .959(xing is zero-based)-.15 F .415 +(ne greater than)-3.197 F 1.404(the maximum inde)144 441.6 R 3.903(xo) +-.15 G 3.903(ft)-3.903 G 1.403(he speci\214ed array)-3.903 F 6.403(.S) +-.65 G 1.403(ubstring e)-6.403 F 1.403(xpansion applied to an associati) +-.15 F 1.703 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 1.294 +(produces unde\214ned results.)144 453.6 R 1.294(Note that a ne)6.294 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.595 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G 1.295 +(set must be separated from the colon by at).25 F .959 +(least one space to a)144 465.6 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .959 +(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 3.458(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F +(inde)3.458 E .958(xing is zero-based)-.15 F .414 (unless the positional parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 -348 R .414(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.914(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of) -2.914 E(f-)-.18 E(set)144 360 Q F0 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.5 E F2($0)2.5 E F0 -(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 376.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A -(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 388.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E -F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 400.8 R(e\214x.)-.18 E F0 -.084(Expands to the names of v)5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 -F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) --2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 412.8 R F3(IFS) -2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 -E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 424.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 441.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) -A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 453.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 465.6 R(eys.)-.1 E F0(If)7.036 E F1 +477.6 R .415(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.915(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of) +2.915 E(f-)-.18 E(set)144 489.6 Q F0 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.5 E F1($0)2.5 E F0 +(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 506.4 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 518.4 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E +F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .085(Names matching pr)144 530.4 R(e\214x.)-.18 E F0 +.084(Expands to the names of v)5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 +F .084(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) +-2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 542.4 R F3(IFS) +2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.758 +E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(within double quotes, each v)144 554.4 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 571.2 Q F1(!)A F2(name) +A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 583.2 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0 +(]})A F1 2.036(List of array k)144 595.2 R(eys.)-.1 E F0(If)7.036 E F2 (name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)) -.15 E .596(assigned in)144 477.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f) --5.596 E F1(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G -.595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 489.6 Q F0 +.15 E .595(assigned in)144 607.2 R F2(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f) +-5.595 E F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G +.595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F2(@)144 619.2 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -506.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 518.4 S .47 -(rameter length.).1 F F0 .471(The length in characters of the v)5.47 F -.471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -530.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 -(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F -(array name subscripted by)144 542.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E +636 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 648 S .471 +(rameter length.).1 F F0 .471(The length in characters of the v)5.471 F +.471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.) +2.97 F(If)5.47 E F2(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 660 Q F0(is)4.438 E +F1(*)3.708 E F0(or)3.708 E F1(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 +F 1.208(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F +(If)6.209 E F2(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F +(array name subscripted by)144 672 Q F1(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he v)-2.5 E (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 559.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -(${)108 571.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2(Remo)144 583.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 -(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E +(${)108 688.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +(${)108 700.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F1(Remo)144 712.8 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 +(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .152(name e)144 -595.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 -F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 -(the e)144 607.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 --.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 619.2 -R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If) -5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or) -2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo)144 -631.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .151(name e)144 +724.8 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 +F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.652 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152(hen the result of)-2.652 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(20)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 21 21 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 1.4(the e)144 84 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v) +-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F0 -.74('')C .281 +(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 96 R(`)-.74 E F2(##) +A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.281 E F1(par)4.031 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 +2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274 +(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 643.2 R -(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 120 R +(If)5.401 E F1(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 655.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 672 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 684 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 696 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H -.146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 708 -S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 +2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E +(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 132 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 148.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 172.8 Q .347 -.1 +(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)5.147 E +F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 +184.8 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) -.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 720 R .226 +G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 196.8 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(20)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 21 21 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.74(``)144 84 S/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74 -('' c)D .042(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 -E F1(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.792 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F1(@)2.541 -E F0(or)2.541 E F1(*)2.541 E F0 2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo) -144 96 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94(lo).25 G .441 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 208.8 S F2 +(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 +1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F2(*)2.542 E F0 +2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 220.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G +2.941(lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 108 R(If) -5.241 E F2(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F1(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 120 -Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 136.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 148.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution.)-3.606 E F0(The)6.106 E F2 -(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 232.8 R(If) +5.24 E F1(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F2(*)2.741 E +F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 +G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 +244.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 261.6 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa) +144 273.6 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution.)-3.607 E F0(The)6.107 +E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 160.8 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 172.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 -E F2(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F2(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F2(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 184.8 R -(If)5.807 E F2(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F1(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 196.8 S .62 -(lue of).25 F F2(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F2 -(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 -(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 208.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F2(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) -3.753 F F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F1(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) -3.753 F 2.678(omitted. If)144 220.8 R F2(par)3.928 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)3.408 E F1(@)2.678 E F0(or)2.678 E F1(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .179 +(sion.)144 285.6 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 297.6 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) +-5.161 E F1(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F2(/) +2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 +.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 309.6 R +(If)5.806 E F1(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 321.6 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F1 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.121 E F0 +3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 333.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F1(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F 2.679(omitted. If)144 345.6 R F1(par)3.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)3.409 E F2(@)2.679 E F0(or)2.679 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .178 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter) --2.679 F .619(in turn, and the e)144 232.8 R .619 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F2(par)4.369 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .618(is an array v)3.849 F .618 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)144 244.8 Q F0(or)3.223 E F1(*) -3.223 E F0 3.223(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ - member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion is the resultant list.)144 256.8 Q(${)108 273.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 297.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A -F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2 -(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .438(Case modi\214cation.)144 321.6 R F0 .438 -(This e)5.438 F .437 -(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F2(pattern)144 333.6 Q -F0 .813(is e)3.313 F .813 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.314 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F F1(^)3.314 E F0 .814(operator con)3.314 F -.15(ve) --.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 345.6 Q .181(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F2 -(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F1(,)2.681 E F0 .181 -(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18(rts matching uppercase letters) -.15 F .085(to lo)144 357.6 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)2.585 E F0 -(and)2.585 E F1(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F +-2.679 F .618(in turn, and the e)144 357.6 R .619 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F1(par)4.369 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .619(is an array v)3.849 F .619 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 369.6 Q F0(or)3.224 E F2(*) +3.224 E F0 3.224(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ + member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.224 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion is the resultant list.)144 381.6 Q(${)108 398.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 410.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 422.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A +F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 434.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation.)144 446.4 R F0 .437 +(This e)5.437 F .438 +(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 458.4 Q +F0 .814(is e)3.314 F .813 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.313 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F F2(^)3.313 E F0 .813(operator con)3.313 F -.15(ve) +-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 470.4 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1 +(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 .181 +(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181(rts matching uppercase letters) +.15 F .085(to lo)144 482.4 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0 +(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F1(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 369.6 Q -F1(,)3.591 E F0 -.15(ex)3.591 G 1.091(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G 1.091(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.09 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.59(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.59 E F0(is)3.59 E -1.12(omitted, it is treated lik)144 381.6 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 3.62 -(,w)C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 -F 6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E -F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he case) --3.621 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional p\ -arameter in turn, and the e)144 393.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the)-.15 F -1.308(resultant list.)144 405.6 R(If)6.308 E F2(par)5.058 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F -F1(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F1(*)3.808 E F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308 -(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F +(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 494.4 Q +F2(,)3.59 E F0 -.15(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve) +-.4 G 1.091(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E +1.121(omitted, it is treated lik)144 506.4 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 +3.621(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121 +(ry character).15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(is)4.35 E F2(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12 +(he case)-3.62 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each posi\ +tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 518.4 R 1.335(xpansion is the) +-.15 F 1.308(resultant list.)144 530.4 R(If)6.308 E F1(par)5.058 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F2(*)3.808 E +F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F (operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -417.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F1(Command Substitution) -87 434.4 Q F2 1.698(Command substitution)108 446.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E +542.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution) +87 559.2 Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F -1.697(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 458.4 Q F1($\()144 480 Q -F2(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 492 Q F1<92>144 504 Q F2(command)A -F1<92>A(Bash)108 520.8 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0 -.02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 -(dard output of the command, with an)108 532.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 +1.698(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 604.8 Q +F1(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 616.8 Q F2<92>144 628.8 Q F1 +(command)A F2<92>A(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 +.019(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 +(dard output of the command, with an)108 657.6 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 (railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 544.8 Q 3.218 -(ym)-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 -(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 -(The command substitution)5.719 F F1($\(cat)3.219 E F2(\214le)3.219 E F1 -(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 556.8 Q -.25(va) --.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \ -is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 573.6 R(xcept)-.15 -E .314(when follo)108 585.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ +F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 669.6 Q 3.219 +(ym)-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 +(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 +(The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2 +(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 681.6 Q -.25(va) +-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F2(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \ +is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 698.4 R(xcept)-.15 +E .315(when follo)108 710.4 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2 +<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 597.6 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 609.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 626.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H -.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 638.4 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 655.2 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 667.2 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 684 Q F0 1.034 -(Arithmetic e)108 696 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 -(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 708 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 -724.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(21)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +sub-)-5.315 F 5.766(stitution. When)108 722.4 R 3.266(using the $\() +5.766 F F1(command).833 E F0 5.766(\)f)1.666 G 3.266 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-5.766 F 5.767(eu)-.1 G +5.767(pt)-5.767 G(he)-5.767 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 +E(21)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F0 .165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b) -2.906 F .165(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074 -(treated specially)108 96 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F 1.074 +-.35 E(command; none are treated specially)108 84 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 100.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F +(quotes with backslashes.)108 112.8 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 129.6 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 141.6 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Arithmetic Expansion)87 158.4 Q F0 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 170.4 R 1.035 +(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 +(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 +(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 182.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 199.2 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 +(\)\))A F0(The)108 216 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.075 +(treated specially)108 228 R 6.075(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.075 F 1.074 (ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074(go parameter e) --.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075(xpansion, command)-.15 F -(substitution, and quote remo)108 108 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5 -(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379 -(The e)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.074(xpansion, command)-.15 F +(substitution, and quote remo)108 240 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5 +(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378 +(The e)108 256.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) --.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F1 -.2(ex)108 136.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E F4(Pr)87 153.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 165.6 Q .97 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 -(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F1(FIFOs)A -F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F4(/de)3.471 E(v/fd)-.15 E -F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 177.6 R .021 -(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F4(<\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4 -(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F4(>\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 5.021 -(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F1(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 189.6 -R F1(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F4(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 268.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 285.6 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 297.6 Q .971(ocess substitution) +-.45 F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 +F F2(FIFOs)A F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F1(/de)3.47 E +(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 309.6 +R .021(It tak)5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A +F1(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 +5.021(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 321.6 +R F2(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) --5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 -(mand as the result of the e)108 201.6 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) -2.63 E F4(>\()2.63 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .13 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) --.15 F F1(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 213.6 Q F4(<\()2.5 E F1(list)A -F4(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E -(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .896(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ -ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 +-5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13 +(mand as the result of the e)108 333.6 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) +2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 +(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131 +(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 345.6 Q F1(<\() +2.5 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 +(.)A .897(When a)108 362.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ +ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 --.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q -F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F2(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 374.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 391.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 403.2 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 415.2 Q +F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 432 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 312 R(If)6.789 E F2 -(IFS)4.289 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.039 F 1.788(alue is e)-.25 F -(xactly)-.15 E F4()4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788 -(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 324 R F4 -()2.521 E F0(,)A F4()2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F4 +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.788(on these characters.)108 444 R(If)6.788 E F3 +(IFS)4.288 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.038 F 1.789(alue is e)-.25 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1()4.289 E F0 4.289(,t)C 1.789 +(he def)-4.289 F 1.789(ault, then)-.1 F .022(sequences of)108 456 R F1 +()2.522 E F0(,)A F1()2.522 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 ()2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021 -(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .022(vious e)-.25 F -(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 336 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G -.586(equence of)-3.086 F F2(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 -(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .585 -(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 348 Q F2(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117 +(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .021(vious e)-.25 F +(xpan-)-.15 E .585(sions are ignored, and an)108 468 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G +.586(equence of)-3.086 F F3(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 +(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .586 +(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 480 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117 (has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)3.617 -E F0(and)3.617 E F4(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) -108 360 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 +(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)3.617 +E F0(and)3.617 E F1(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) +108 492 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 (ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F2(IFS)108 372 Q F0 1.053 -(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053 -(haracter in)-3.553 F F2(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F2 -(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G -(djacent)-3.554 E F2(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 384 R 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(equence of)-2.832 F F2(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331 -(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 396 -Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(IFS)2.5 E F0 -(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 -(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G -F0(or)3.545 E F4 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) --4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 424.8 S .177 -(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G -.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) -2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 -(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 436.8 Q -(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 453.6 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 470.4 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 482.4 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 494.4 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F1(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.456 -(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 506.4 R -1.457(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F -(option)108 518.4 Q F4(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w) -2.538 F .038(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F4 -(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .305 -(found, the w)108 530.4 R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805 -(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F4(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F3(IFS)108 504 Q F0 1.054 +(whitespace character\).)3.304 F(An)6.054 E 3.554(yc)-.15 G 1.054 +(haracter in)-3.554 F F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 +(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(whitespace, along with an)3.303 F 3.553(ya)-.15 G +(djacent)-3.553 E F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 .331 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 516 R 2.831(As)5.331 G +.332(equence of)-2.831 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .332 +(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 528 +Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0 +(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 +(Explicit null ar)108 544.8 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) +-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 556.8 S .176 +(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G +.176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap) +2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177 +(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 568.8 Q +(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 585.6 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 602.4 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 614.4 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 626.4 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.457 +(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 638.4 R +1.456(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F +(option)108 650.4 Q F1(nullglob)2.537 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w) +2.537 F .038(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F1 +(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .306 +(found, the w)108 662.4 R .306(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.806 +(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 (shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F -.929(is printed and the command is not e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F4(nocaseglob)3.428 -E F0 .928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032 -(formed without re)108 554.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .033 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.033 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .105 -(the character)108 566.4 R F4 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -.105(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.105 F .104 -(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.604(,u)-.65 G -(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 578.4 R F4(dotglob)3.387 E F0 -.887(is set.)3.387 F .888 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.887 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 590.4 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166 -(.I)-.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F4 -.63(``) -3.666 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166 -(character is not treated specially)6.166 F 6.165(.S)-.65 G 1.165 -(ee the description of)-6.165 F F4(shopt)3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25 -E(under)108 602.4 Q F2 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F(UIL)-.09 E .477 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.727 F F4 -(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.978 -E F0 2.978(,a)C(nd)-2.978 E F4(dotglob)2.978 E F0(shell options.)108 -614.4 Q(The)108 631.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F -.131(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a) --.25 F F1(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F2(GLO-)2.63 E -(BIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.265 E(remo)108 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F4 -.63 -(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F4 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) -.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .003(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .003 -(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045 -(set and not null.)108 667.2 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845 --.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046 -(to a non-null v)2.296 F .046(alue has the ef)-.25 F .046 -(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F4(dotglob)2.546 E F0 .614 -(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 679.2 R .614 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 -(will match.)5.614 F 2.213 -.8(To g)5.614 H .613(et the old beha).8 F -.613(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .456(\214le names be)108 691.2 R .456 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F4 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 -.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E F3(.)A F0(The) -4.957 E F4(dotglob)2.957 E F0 .457(option is)2.957 F(disabled when)108 -703.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F4 -.1(Pa)108 720 S -(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(22)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.928(is printed and the command is not e)108 674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428 +E F0 .929(is enabled, the match is per)3.429 F(-)-.2 E .033 +(formed without re)108 686.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .033 +(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .032 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.032 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .104 +(the character)108 698.4 R F1 -.63(``)2.604 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +.104(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.104 F .105 +(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.605(,u)-.65 G +(nless)-2.605 E .888(the shell option)108 710.4 R F1(dotglob)3.388 E F0 +.888(is set.)3.388 F .887 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.888 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .887(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 722.4 S(plicitly).15 E 6.165 +(.I)-.65 G 3.665(no)-6.165 G 1.165(ther cases, the)-3.665 F F1 -.63(``) +3.665 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166 +(character is not treated specially)6.165 F 6.166(.S)-.65 G 1.166 +(ee the description of)-6.166 F F1(shopt)3.666 E F0(belo)3.666 E(w)-.25 +E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(22)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a patt\ -ern, other than the special pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F -1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 96 R 1.12 -(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 -(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 108 R .576 +-.35 E(under)108 84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .478(SHELL B)2.978 F(UIL)-.09 +E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.728 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F2(nullglob)2.977 E F0(,)A +F2(failglob)2.977 E F0 2.977(,a)C(nd)-2.977 E F2(dotglob)2.977 E F0 +(shell options.)108 96 Q(The)108 112.8 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13 +(shell v)2.38 F .131 +(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 +F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E +F1(GLO-)2.631 E(BIGNORE)108 124.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214\ +le name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE) +4.515 E F0(is)4.264 E(remo)108 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(df).15 G +.003(rom the list of matches.)-2.503 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F2 +-.63(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F2 -.63(``)2.503 G +(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .004(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .004 +(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.504 E F0(is)2.254 E .046 +(set and not null.)108 148.8 R(Ho)5.046 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .846 +-.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.546 E F0 .046 +(to a non-null v)2.296 F .045(alue has the ef)-.25 F .045 +(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F2(dotglob)2.545 E F0 .613 +(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 160.8 R .614 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 +(will match.)5.614 F 2.214 -.8(To g)5.614 H .614(et the old beha).8 F +.614(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .457(\214le names be)108 172.8 R .457 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F2 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 +.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F2(dotglob)2.956 E F0 .456 +(option is)2.956 F(disabled when)108 184.8 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is unset.)2.25 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 201.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) +-2.5 E F0(An)108 218.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ +a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described belo) +-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 230.4 +R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G +1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F +.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 242.4 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 120 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)108 153.6 -Q F0 .455(Matches an)31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.955 F .455(When the)5.455 F F1 -(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*) -2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .315(used in a pathname e)144 165.6 R .314 -(xpansion conte)-.15 F .314(xt, tw)-.15 F 2.814(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.814 -E F1(*)2.814 E F0 2.814(su)C .314 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 254.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 271.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)108 288 Q F0 .455(Matches an) +31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455(tring, including the null string.)-2.955 F +.455(When the)5.455 F F2(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455 +(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F2(*)2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .314 +(used in a pathname e)144 300 R .314(xpansion conte)-.15 F .314(xt, tw) +-.15 F 2.814(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.814 E F2(*)2.814 E F0 2.814(su)C .314 (sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-2.814 F 1.183 -(and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 177.6 R 1.183 -(If follo)6.183 F 1.183(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.683 E F0 3.683(,t)C 1.383 --.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F1(*)3.683 E F0 3.684(sw)C 1.184 -(ill match)-3.684 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 189.6 Q F1 -(?)108 201.6 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 213.6 Q F0 .257(Matches an)21.84 F 2.757(yo)-.15 -G .257(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.757 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 -(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .256(yphen denotes a)-.05 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 225.6 S(ng).15 E 3.289(ee)-.1 G -(xpr)-3.489 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.289(;a)C 1.089 -.15(ny c)-3.289 H .789 +(and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 312 R 1.183 +(If follo)6.183 F 1.183(wed by a)-.25 F F2(/)3.683 E F0 3.683(,t)C 1.383 +-.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F2(*)3.683 E F0 3.683(sw)C 1.183 +(ill match)-3.683 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 324 Q F2(?) +108 336 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 +E F2([...])108 348 Q F0 .256(Matches an)21.84 F 2.756(yo)-.15 G .257 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.756 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 +(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .257(yphen denotes a)-.05 F +F3 -.15(ra)144 360 S(ng).15 E 3.29(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.49 E(ession)-.37 E F0 +3.29(;a)C 1.09 -.15(ny c)-3.29 H .789 (haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289(oc)-.1 G .789 -(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.29(,u).15 G .79 -(sing the cur)-3.29 F(-)-.2 E .35(rent locale')144 237.6 R 2.85(sc)-.55 -G .35(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.85 F .349 -(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .349(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.849 -E F0 .563(is a)144 249.6 R F1(!)3.063 E F0 .563(or a)5.563 F F1(^)3.063 -E F0 .564(then an)3.063 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .564 -(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 261.6 S -.467(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F .467 -(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.966 E(TE)-.855 E F0 -.466(shell v)2.716 F(ariable,)-.25 E 1.076(if set.)144 273.6 R(A)6.076 E -F13.576 E F0 1.077(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or\ - last character in the set.)3.576 F(A)6.077 E F1(])3.577 E F0 1.077 -(may be)3.577 F -(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 285.6 -Q -.4(Wi)144 303.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.915 E F0(and)2.915 E F1(])2.915 E -F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch)2.915 G(ar).15 E .415(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 2.914(,w)C(here)-2.914 E F2(class)2.914 E F0 .414(is one of) -2.914 F(the follo)144 315.6 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.421 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 327.6 R 5.421 -(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 339.6 Q F0 -2.519(Ac)144 351.6 S .019(haracter class matches an)-2.519 F 2.519(yc) --.15 G .019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.519 F(The)5.018 E F1 --.1(wo)2.518 G(rd).1 E F0 .018(character class matches)2.518 F -(letters, digits, and the character _.)144 363.6 Q -.4(Wi)144 381.6 S -(thin).4 E F1([)3.546 E F0(and)3.546 E F1(])3.546 E F0 3.546(,a)C(n) --3.546 E F2 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.547 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 3.547(,w)C 1.047(hich matches all)-3.547 F(characters with the sam\ +(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.289(,u).15 G .789 +(sing the cur)-3.289 F(-)-.2 E .349(rent locale')144 372 R 2.849(sc)-.55 +G .349(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.849 F .35 +(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .35(wing the)-.25 F F2([)2.85 E +F0 .564(is a)144 384 R F2(!)3.064 E F0 .564(or a)5.564 F F2(^)3.064 E F0 +.564(then an)3.064 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .563 +(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 396 S .467 +(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F .467 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.967 E(TE)-.855 E F0 .467(shell v)2.717 +F(ariable,)-.25 E 1.077(if set.)144 408 R(A)6.077 E F23.577 E F0 +1.077(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character i\ +n the set.)3.577 F(A)6.076 E F2(])3.576 E F0 1.076(may be)3.576 F +(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 420 Q +-.4(Wi)144 438 S(thin).4 E F2([)2.914 E F0(and)2.914 E F2(])2.914 E F0 +(,)A F3 -.15(ch)2.914 G(ar).15 E .414(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F2([:)2.915 E F3(class)A F2 +(:])A F0 2.915(,w)C(here)-2.915 E F3(class)2.915 E F0 .415(is one of) +2.915 F(the follo)144 450 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F2 5.421 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 462 R 5.421 +(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 474 Q F0 2.518 +(Ac)144 486 S .018(haracter class matches an)-2.518 F 2.518(yc)-.15 G +.019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.518 F(The)5.019 E F2 -.1(wo) +2.519 G(rd).1 E F0 .019(character class matches)2.519 F +(letters, digits, and the character _.)144 498 Q -.4(Wi)144 516 S(thin) +.4 E F2([)3.547 E F0(and)3.547 E F2(])3.547 E F0 3.547(,a)C(n)-3.547 E +F3 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F2([=)3.546 E F3(c)A F2(=]) +A F0 3.546(,w)C 1.046(hich matches all)-3.546 F(characters with the sam\ e collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as the charac\ -ter)144 393.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 411.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 -E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2 -(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol)2.5 E -F0(.)A .705(If the)108 428.4 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 -440.4 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +ter)144 528 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 546 S(thin).4 E F2([)2.5 E F0 +(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.)2.5 E F3 +(symbol)A F2(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F3(symbol)2.5 E +F0(.)A .704(If the)108 562.8 R F2(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 +574.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 452.4 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 476.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 488.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 500.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 512.4 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 524.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 536.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 548.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 560.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 572.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 584.4 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 601.2 -Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 613.2 R 1.113 +108 586.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 610.8 Q F3 +(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 622.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 634.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 646.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 658.8 Q F3 +(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 670.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 682.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 694.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 706.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches an)180 718.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(23)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 24 24 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 +1.112(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 625.2 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 642 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 654 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E -(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .617 -(by the shell.)108 666 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and \ -close \214les for the current shell e)5.617 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .616 -(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.274(ment. The)108 678 R(follo)3.274 E -.774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 -(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .775(simple command)3.615 F F0(or)4.045 E -(may follo)108 690 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e) +108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F +/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545 +(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616(by the shell.)108 +148.8 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and close \214les for\ + the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617(cution en).15 F(viron-) +-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 160.8 R(follo)3.275 E .774 +(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 +(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E +(may follo)108 172.8 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G (edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) -2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection tha\ t may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded\ - by a w)108 706.8 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 718.8 R F2 + by a w)108 189.6 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 201.6 R F3 (varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.499<618c>108 730.8 -S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.499 F F2 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 213.6 +S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F3 (varname)3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F2(varname)A F0 .998(}, the)B -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(23)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 24 24 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.25(va)108 84 S(lue of).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5 -E F0(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo) -108 100.8 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is \ -omitted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 -(ion operator is)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012 -(,t)C .512 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F3(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25 +(va)108 225.6 S(lue of).25 E F3(varname)2.5 E F0 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 +242.4 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 +(ion operator is)108 254.4 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 124.8 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 266.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 141.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .773 -(jected to brace e)108 153.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .772 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .843 -(sion, quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 283.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772 +(jected to brace e)108 295.2 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844 +(sion, quote remo)108 307.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 -F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.344 E F0 -(reports an error)108 177.6 Q(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 194.4 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 211.2 Q F2(>)2.5 -E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 228 Q -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 244.8 -Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 261.6 R F1(dirlist)3.027 +F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.343 E F0 +(reports an error)108 319.2 Q(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 336 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 352.8 Q F1(>)2.5 +E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 369.6 +Q F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 +386.4 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 403.2 R F3(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 273.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 290.4 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 302.4 Q F2(/de)144 319.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A -F0(If)180 331.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 -E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 -E F2(/de)144 343.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) -180 355.2 Q F2(/de)144 367.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 379.2 Q F2(/de)144 391.2 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 403.2 Q F2(/de) -144 415.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 427.2 Q -F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 439.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E F2(/de)144 451.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If) -180 463.2 Q F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(output before the standard output w)108 415.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 432 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 444 Q F1(/de)144 460.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F3(fd)A F0 +(If)180 472.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E +2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E +F1(/de)144 484.8 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) +180 496.8 Q F1(/de)144 508.8 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 520.8 Q F1(/de)144 532.8 Q +(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 544.8 Q F1(/de) +144 556.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 568.8 Q +F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 475.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 580.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) +-.1 E F1(/de)144 592.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If) +180 604.8 Q F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 616.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E 2.5(Af)108 492 S +-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 633.6 S (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E -(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ -hould be used with care, as the)108 508.8 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 520.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87 -537.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ +hould be used with care, as the)108 650.4 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 662.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +679.2 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 549.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 561.6 Q F1 +108 691.2 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 703.2 Q F3 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F3(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 578.4 Q([)144 595.2 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 612 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 -(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 624 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 636 R -F1(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 648 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E -(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 664.8 Q([)144 681.6 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 698.4 R F2(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 710.4 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 722.4 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C -2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E -F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 -(iltin command).2 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(24) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(24)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 84 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ap)87 100.8 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output) --.18 E F0 .641(Redirection of output in this f)108 112.8 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 124.8 R F1(n)2.974 E F0 +-.35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 100.8 Q(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 +.174 +(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) +108 112.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 124.8 +R F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +-.15(ex)108 136.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 187.2 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 199.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 211.2 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E +F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 +223.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 +240 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 252 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 264 R F1(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -136.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 192 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 204 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ -e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 216 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 -232.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +276 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 292.8 Q([)144 309.6 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 331.2 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 343.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +355.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 372 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 -(&>)144 249.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 261.6 Q F2(>&)144 273.6 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 290.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 388.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 400.8 Q F2(>&)144 412.8 Q +F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 429.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 307.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 328.8 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 340.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ -\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) --.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -352.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 446.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 468 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(This construct allo)108 480 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ +e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F +(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 492 Q +(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -369.6 Q F2(&>>)144 386.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 403.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(>>)144 420 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87 -436.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ -nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 448.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 460.8 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +508.8 Q F2(&>>)144 525.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 542.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(>>)144 559.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87 +576 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection ins\ +tructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line con\ +taining only)108 588 R F1(delimiter)108.35 600 Q F0 .614 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input for a command.)108 472.8 Q -(The format of here-documents is:)108 489.6 Q F2(<<)144 506.4 Q F0([)A -F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 518.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E -(delimiter)144 530.4 Q F0 .127(No parameter e)108 547.2 R .127 +F(dard input for a command.)108 612 Q(The format of here-documents is:) +108 628.8 Q F2(<<)144 645.6 Q F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E +(her)164 657.6 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 669.6 Q F0 .128 +(No parameter e)108 686.4 R .127 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .128(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -559.2 Q F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.775(.I).77 G 3.275(fa)-5.775 G -1.075 -.15(ny c)-3.275 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 +698.4 Q F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G +1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 -(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G(n) --3.274 E F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.274(,a).77 G(nd)-3.274 E .904 -(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 571.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If) --.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .905 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .695 -(subjected to parameter e)108 583.2 R .695 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.194 -(xpansion. In)-.15 F .694(the latter case, the)3.194 F -(character sequence)108 595.2 Q F2(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) -2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\) -2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -(If the redirection operator is)108 612 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) -C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ - the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 624 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G -(his allo)-5 E -(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 640.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 652.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2 -(<<<)144 669.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 686.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E -(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F2 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 703.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(25)197.335 E 0 Cg -EP +(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) +-3.275 E F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 +(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 710.4 R 3.405(xpanded. If) +-.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 +(subjected to parameter e)108 722.4 R .695 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 +(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(25)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 100.8 R(If)5.127 E -F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +-.35 E(character sequence)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 100.8 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 129.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 141.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1 +(<<<)144 158.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 175.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E +(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 192 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +204 Q([)144 220.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 237.6 R(If)5.127 E +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -112.8 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 124.8 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 136.8 Q -(The operator)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 187.2 R -(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 199.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor) -4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 211.2 R 2.596 -(as)2.596 G .096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, and)2.596 F F1(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e) -2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F -(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 223.2 Q -(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 240 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 252 Q([)144 268.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A -F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 285.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 -(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) --3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1 -(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 297.6 Q F1(digit)5 -E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(Similarly)108 314.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) -144 331.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 348 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1 -(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 -2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 -.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 360 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 376.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 388.8 Q([)144 405.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) -A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -422.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +249.6 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 261.6 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 273.6 Q +(The operator)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 324 R(If) +5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 336 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)4.197 +E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ + a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 348 R 2.597(as)2.597 G +.097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 +F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 +(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F +(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 360 Q +(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 376.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 388.8 Q([)144 405.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) +A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 422.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G +.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 +(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) +-3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 +(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 434.4 Q F2(digit)5 +E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +(Similarly)108 451.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) +144 468 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 484.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 +(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 +.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 496.8 Q F1 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 513.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 525.6 Q([)144 542.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) +A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +559.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 434.4 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G -(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +108 571.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 451.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 463.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 -E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 588 Q F2(Aliases)108 600 Q F0(allo)3.174 E +3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 475.2 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 -(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 487.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F -(check)108 499.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 -(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A -F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 511.2 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 -1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) --3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 523.2 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 535.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 547.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 559.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 -(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) --3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 571.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 612 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 624 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(check)108 636 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 648 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 660 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 672 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F +.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 684 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 696 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 708 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 588 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 604.8 R .284 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 724.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 +(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21) +148.175 E(26)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 27 27 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .284(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 84 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 616.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 633.6 R 1.22 +108 96 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E +1.22(Aliases are not e)108 112.8 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 645.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(expand_aliases)3.72 E +F0 1.22(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 124.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F1 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -662.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 -(one complete line of input before e)108 674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +141.6 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 +(one complete line of input before e)108 153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 686.4 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 165.6 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 -(another command does not tak)108 698.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 +(another command does not tak)108 177.6 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 710.4 R .277 +1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 189.6 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 -722.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 +201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(26)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 27 27 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .495 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 84 R -.494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084 -(tion are not a)108 96 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 213.6 +R .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 +(tion are not a)108 225.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F --.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F -(rate line, and do not use)108 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E -F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 124.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) +-.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F +(rate line, and do not use)108 237.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 254.4 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 141.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 153.6 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.001(later e)108 165.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002 -(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ -t of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108 -177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .315(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 -F .035(shell; no ne)108 189.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 271.2 Q F0 3.467(As)108 283.2 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F1 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 295.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 319.2 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 213.6 -R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .533 -(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F -(ment of the)108 225.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 343.2 +R F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F +(ment of the)108 355.2 Q F1(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -242.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.048(these e)108 254.4 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.548 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F1(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F1(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.549 E -.09(BU)108 266.4 S(IL) -.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.049(these e)108 384 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.548 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F2(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F2(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.548 E -.09(BU)108 396 S(IL).09 +E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 278.4 R F3(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 408 R F1(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 290.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 302.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 319.2 S .655 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 331.2 Q +-.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 420 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 432 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 448.8 S .656 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 460.8 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(The)108 348 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 +(The)108 477.6 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +489.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 376.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 506.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 388.8 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 518.4 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 400.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 530.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 412.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 542.4 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 429.6 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 441.6 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 559.2 R F2 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 571.2 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 453.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 465.6 R -1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E -F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 477.6 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the) -2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 -F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -489.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 501.6 Q -(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E -(Functions may be recursi)108 518.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) --5 G(imit is imposed on the number of recursi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 535.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G -(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 547.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e) --.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 -(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 559.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 -(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 571.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G -.428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 -583.2 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F -1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 595.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 612 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 -(va)144 624 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -636 Q F5(id)A F12.5 E F5(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 648 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 660 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 672 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 684 -Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 696 S F0 -(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 708 -S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12) -147.345 E(27)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.326(\214le and line number)108 583.2 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 595.2 R +1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.798 E +F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 +(deleted using the)108 607.2 R F22.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 +F F2(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) +-.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) +108 619.2 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G +3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 631.2 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 +(Functions may be recursi)108 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 660 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 672 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F3(ARITHMETIC EV)72 688.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E +-1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo)108 700.8 R 2.297 +(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E +F0(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 712.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 +(iltin commands and).2 F F2 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 +(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 +F .205(gers with no)-.15 F 2.07(check for o)108 724.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +(r\215o).15 E 3.37 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.07(hough di).65 F 2.07 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 7.07(.T)-.55 G +2.07(he operators and their)-7.07 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21) +148.175 E(27)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<< >>)108 84 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 96 Q F0 -(comparison)144 108 Q F1(== !=)108 120 Q F0(equality and inequality) -13.07 E F1(&)108 132 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 144 Q F0 -(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 -156 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 168 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||) -108 180 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 192 S -(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 204 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 216 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 -(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 228 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 240 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 252 Q .68(Shell v)108 268.8 R .68 -(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +-.35 E .646(precedence, associati)108 84 R(vity)-.25 E 3.146(,a)-.65 G +.646(nd v)-3.146 F .646(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F +.646(The follo)5.646 F .646(wing list of operators is)-.25 F +(grouped into le)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E +F2A F0 -.25(va)144 124.8 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 136.8 Q F1(id) +A F22.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 148.8 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 160.8 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F2 2.5(!~)108 172.8 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +184.8 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 196.8 S F0 +(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108 +208.8 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F2(<< >>)108 220.8 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F2(<= >= < >)108 232.8 Q F0 +(comparison)144 244.8 Q F2(== !=)108 256.8 Q F0(equality and inequality) +13.07 E F2(&)108 268.8 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F2(^)108 280.8 Q F0 +(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108 +292.8 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F2(&&)108 304.8 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F2 +(||)108 316.8 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F1 -.2(ex)108 328.8 S(pr).2 E F2(?) +A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 340.8 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 352.8 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 364.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 376.8 S +(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 388.8 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 405.6 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 280.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 417.6 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 292.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G -1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 304.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 316.8 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) --3.889 E F2(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) -3.889 E .343(assigned a v)108 328.8 R 2.843(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v) -2.843 F .343(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843 -(As)5.343 G .343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643 --.15(ve i)-.2 H .343(ts inte).15 F .344(ger attrib)-.15 F .344 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 340.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E -1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -357.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 369.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 -G .112(he form [)-2.612 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2 -(base)2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 381.6 R F2(n)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F2(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .915 -(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 393.6 R .916 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 441.6 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 453.6 R 1.389 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 +E F1(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 +F F2(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .344 +(assigned a v)108 465.6 R 2.844(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v)2.843 F .343 +(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843(As)5.343 G +.343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643 -.15(ve i)-.2 +H .343(ts inte).15 F .343(ger attrib)-.15 F .343(ute turned on)-.2 F +(to be used in an e)108 477.6 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 494.4 +R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) +-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 506.4 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113 +(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) +2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 518.4 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .916 +(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 530.4 R .915 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that)-.25 F(order) -108 405.6 Q 5.671(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.671 E F2(base)3.171 E F0 .671 -(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.171 F .67 +108 542.4 Q 5.67(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.67 E F1(base)3.17 E F0 .67 +(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.17 F .671 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to)-.25 F -(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 417.6 Q .234(Operators are e) -108 434.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F +(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 554.4 Q .235(Operators are e) +108 571.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235(luated in order of precedence.).25 F (Sub-e)5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .235(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 446.4 S +G .234(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 583.2 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 463.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 475.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 487.2 R .77 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 600 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 612 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) +2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F +.77(\214le attrib)108 624 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 499.2 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F2 -(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.54 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 511.2 -Q F2(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E -F2(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F2 -(/de)108 523.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.04 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 636 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F1 +(\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.541 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 +648 Q F1(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) +3.789 E F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F1 +(/de)108 660 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 540 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 552 Q -(When used with)108 570 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E -F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E F1108 594 Q F2 +108 676.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 688.8 +Q(When used with)108 706.8 Q F2([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 +E F0(and)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(28)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 29 29 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 606 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G +2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 618 Q F2(\214le) +(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 108 Q F2(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 630 Q F2 +(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 120 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 642 Q F2 +2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 132 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 654 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G +2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E -(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 666 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 +(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 678 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 690 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1108 702 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E +-2.5 E F1108 192 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 -E F1108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(28)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 29 29 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1108 96 Q F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 108 Q F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1108 120 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 132 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 144 Q F2 +E F1108 204 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 +216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1108 +228 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 +(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 240 Q +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1108 +252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 264 Q F2(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 276 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) 2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 300 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) +108 312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti) --.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 192 Q F2(\214le)2.5 +-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 324 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 204 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E -F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 336 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E +F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 (and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 E -(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 228 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A -F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S .038(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.538 +(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 360 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A +F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 372 S .039(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 (wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) -2.539 F F2(\214le1)108 252 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 264 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 +(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .038(does not.) +2.538 F F2(\214le1)108 384 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 396 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 -108 276 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 288 S .263 +108 408 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .262 (ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.) 2.942 F .262(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 -F F12.762 E F0(option to the)144 300 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 -G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 312 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +F F12.763 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 -336 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2 -(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 360 Q F1108 372 Q F2 -(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 384 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) -2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 400.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 412.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 424.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 +468 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2 +(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 492 Q F1108 504 Q F2 +(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 516 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) +2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 532.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 544.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 556.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 (should be used with the)2.5 E F1(test)2.5 E F0 -(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 441.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E -F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 453.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 470.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 482.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 573.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E +F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 585.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 602.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 614.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 499.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 511.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 631.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 643.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -528 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 540 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +660 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 672 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 552 R -F2(ar)144 564 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) +(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 684 R +F2(ar)144 696 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) .15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 -(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 580.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 -.613(When a simple command is e)108 592.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 -(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 604.8 Q 26(1. The)108 621.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 -(rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 -(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 650.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 -(rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -662.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 -(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 674.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 691.2 R -(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26(4. The)108 708 R(te) -3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F -.717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 2.291 -(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 720 R 2.291 -(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.791(lb).25 G 2.291 -(efore being assigned to the)-4.791 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(29)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(29)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.25(va)144 84 S(riable.).25 E .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 100.8 R .332 +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 84 Q(ANSION)-.81 E +F0 .614(When a simple command is e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 +(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) +108 108 Q 26(1. The)108 124.8 R -.1(wo)4.348 G 1.848 +(rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 153.6 R -.1(wo)3.664 G 1.164 +(rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 +165.6 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E +(are the ar)144 177.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 194.4 R +(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26 +(4. The)108 211.2 R(te)3.217 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F/F4 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717 +(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .339 +(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 223.2 R .339 +(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 235.2 Q +.332(If no command name results, the v)108 252 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 112.8 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 264 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 124.8 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 136.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 153.6 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 165.6 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 276 R +(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 288 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 304.8 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 316.8 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 182.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 333.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -194.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 206.4 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 218.4 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 235.2 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 247.2 R .546 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +345.6 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 357.6 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 369.6 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F1(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 386.4 Q F0 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 398.4 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 259.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 410.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 276 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 427.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 288 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 -(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 -(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 300 Q 2.5 +108 439.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F2(FUNCTIONS) +2.746 E F3(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 451.2 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 316.8 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81 -E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 328.8 Q F2 -.666(PA) -3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 -.662(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914 -(the full pathnames of e)108 340.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 -(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 -(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E -4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 -352.8 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F -.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 364.8 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 376.8 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 -(hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 -(ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 388.8 R .775 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 468 R .309 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F4(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 +(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 480 Q F2 -.666(PA)3.162 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 +492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 +(search of the directories in)108 504 R F2 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) +2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ +es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 516 R F4(command_not_f)3.455 +E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 528 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G .277 +(hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 +(ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 540 R .776 (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F -.776(If that function is not)5.776 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 400.8 -Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ -e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 417.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e) -108 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 -F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 441.6 Q +.775(If that function is not)5.775 F +(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 552 Q +(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if the\ + command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 568.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e)108 +580.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F +.198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 592.8 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 458.4 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 470.4 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 621.6 R/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 482.4 R .33 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 -(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 494.4 R 1.219 +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 633.6 R .329 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 645.6 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) -.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 506.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) -108 523.2 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 657.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A +F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) +108 674.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 535.2 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 686.4 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ - handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv) -108 547.2 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 -(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 559.2 R -1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 -F(command ar)108 571.2 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 588 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an)108 -600 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w) -C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 616.8 S -1.406(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4 -(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 628.8 S(iltin).2 E 32.5<8374>108 645.6 S -(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E F0(,) -A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri) --2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E 32.5 -<8374>108 662.4 S(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F4 -(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E 32.5<8363>108 679.2 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F4(trap)2.5 E -F0 32.5<8373>108 696 S .256(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F -.256(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .257 -(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E -(in the en)144 708 Q(vironment)-.4 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12) -147.345 E(30)197.335 E 0 Cg EP + handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) +108 698.4 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 +(gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 710.4 R +1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F +(command ar)108 722.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(30)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 32.5<8373>108 84 S(hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 100.8 S +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 84 Q(ONMENT) +-.329 E F0(The shell has an)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 +G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C +(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 112.8 S +1.405(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 124.8 S(iltin).2 E 32.5 +<8374>108 141.6 S(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E +F3(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3(popd)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cation).2 E 32.5<8374>108 158.4 S +(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F3(umask)2.5 E F0 +(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E 32.5 +<8363>108 175.2 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0 32.5 +<8373>108 192 S .257(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F3(set)2.756 E F0 .256 +(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E +(in the en)144 204 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 220.8 S +(hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 237.6 S (ptions enabled at in)-32.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 E -(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)2.5 E F0 32.5<836f>108 117.6 S(ptions enabled by) --32.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 134.4 S -(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F1(alias)2.5 E F0 32.5<8376>108 -151.2 S(arious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v) --32.75 E(alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of) --.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 168 R .426 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 -(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) --2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 180 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 +(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F3(set)2.5 E +F0 32.5<836f>108 254.4 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 +32.5<8373>108 271.2 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F3(alias)2.5 E +F0 32.5<8376>108 288 S +(arious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v)-32.75 E +(alue of)-.25 E F3($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 +(When a simple command other than a b)108 304.8 R .427 +(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 316.8 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F -.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 192 Q 32.5<8374>108 208.8 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F -3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 328.8 Q 32.5<8374>108 345.6 S 1.055(he shell')-32.5 F +3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 220.8 Q 32.5<8374>108 237.6 S(he current w)-32.5 E -(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 254.4 S -(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 271.2 S .856(hell v) +-3.556 F(mand)144 357.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 374.4 S(he current w)-32.5 E +(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 391.2 S +(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 408 S .857(hell v) -32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 283.2 Q(vironment) --.4 E 32.5<8374>108 300 S .307 -(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .306 -(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 312 Q -2.5(Ac)108 328.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 420 Q(vironment) +-.4 E 32.5<8374>108 436.8 S .306 +(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .307 +(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 448.8 Q +2.5(Ac)108 465.6 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 345.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 357.6 S .245(ubshell en) --2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.358(reset to the v)108 369.6 R .358 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 482.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 494.4 S .244(ubshell en) +-2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +.359(reset to the v)108 506.4 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 381.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 393.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -410.4 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 518.4 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 530.4 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +547.2 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F13.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 422.4 R(not in posix mode, Bash clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 439.2 R -.405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) -2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 -451.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C -.197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G -.198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 -F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 463.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 480 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 492 R --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 -G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 504 Q F0 -A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 520.8 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 532.8 Q .144(viron\ +F33.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) +108 559.2 R(not in posix mode, Bash clears the)2.5 E F32.5 E F0 +(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 576 R +.404(wed by a)-.25 F F3(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) +2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 +(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 +588 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198(therwise, the in) +-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 600 Q F1(ENVIR)72 616.8 Q(ONMENT) +-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 628.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 +G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e) +-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 +(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 640.8 Q +F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 657.6 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 669.6 Q .144(viron\ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F -2.703(cesses. Ex)108 544.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 556.8 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 568.8 Q .64 + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 681.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F3(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F3(declar) +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 693.6 R +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 705.6 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 580.8 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 717.6 R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 592.8 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 -(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 -E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 -(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) -108 604.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 -621.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .563(simple command) -3.403 F F0 .562 -(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 633.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .203(fect only the) --.25 F(en)108 645.6 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) -108 662.4 R F13.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) -3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F -F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) -108 674.4 Q -(vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 691.2 Q F1(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897(xternal command, the v) --3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 -(is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 703.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(31)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 729.6 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 +(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) +-2.801 E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 +(dditions via the)-2.8 F F3(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(31)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 84 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 -E F0 .151(The e)108 96 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.151(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 108 R .347 -(statuses f)2.847 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 -F .348(alues abo)-.25 F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 120 -Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G .674(xit statuses from shell b)-5.674 F .673 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)108 84 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0 +(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 100.8 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y) +-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 112.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 124.8 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 141.6 R F1 +3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 153.6 Q +(vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) +-.4 E(When)108 170.4 Q F1(bash)3.397 E F0(in)3.397 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.397(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.397 G .897(xternal command, the v) +-3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 +(is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F +(passed to that command in its en)108 182.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 199.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 +(The e)108 211.2 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151 +(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 223.2 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F +.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 235.2 Q 5.673(.E)-.65 G +.673(xit statuses from shell b)-5.673 F .673 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under)-.2 -F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 132 Q +F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 247.2 Q (alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 -148.8 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) --.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 160.8 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 172.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2 -(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .404 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 189.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 201.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 218.4 +264 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 276 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 288 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 304.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 316.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 333.6 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 235.2 R .081 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 350.4 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 247.2 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E -(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F3(Bash)108 264 Q -F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 276 Q -(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -(SIGN)72 292.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 304.8 Q F3(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 -(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G -.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F -F3 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 -316.8 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E -F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 --.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,) -5.458 F F3(bash)108 328.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3 -(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 345.6 -Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -357.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 369.6 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 381.6 Q F4 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 398.4 R 2.045 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 410.4 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 422.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 434.4 R F3(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 446.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 463.2 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 362.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 +F -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E +(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 379.2 Q +F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 391.2 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F5 +(SIGN)72 408 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 420 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 +(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G +.682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0) +3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 432 Q .758 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F +F1(bash)108 444 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 460.8 Q 1.064 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 +472.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) +2.997 E F3(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 484.8 R .653 +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 496.8 Q F3 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 513.6 R 2.046 +(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E +F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 525.6 Q F0 +1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F3(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 +(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 537.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ +particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 549.6 R F1(diso) +3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(SIGHUP)108 561.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 578.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -475.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 492 Q F3(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +590.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 607.2 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 516 R F3(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the recep\ -tion of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F3 +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 619.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +(via the)108 631.2 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 528 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 643.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(JOB CONTR)72 544.8 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 -(Jo)108 556.8 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 568.8 Q -F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F5(JOB CONTR)72 660 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 +(Jo)108 672 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068 +(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 +(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 684 Q F2 +-.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 580.8 Q(ernel')-.1 -E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 597.6 R F2(job) -5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 609.6 R F3 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F3(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F2(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 621.6 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 638.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ -umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 655.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 667.2 R .732 -(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 679.2 Q F2(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 696 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 -F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 708 R F2(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 -(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F 1.425 -(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -720 R 1.725 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G 1.425 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(32)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 696 Q(ernel')-.1 E +2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 712.8 R F2(job) +5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 724.8 R F1 +(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F2(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(32)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGINT)108 84 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.313(These processes are said to be in the)4.813 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(for)2.813 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac) -5.893 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 .312(processes are those whose process) -3.583 F .145(group ID dif)108 96 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F -.146(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 108 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 -(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 120 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F4 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 132 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) --.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G -.717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 144 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 160.8 R/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F5(bash) -3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 -(Ty)108 172.8 S .302(ping the).8 F F3(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 -(character \(typically)3.572 F F5(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +-.35 E(that looks lik)108 84 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 100.8 Q .241(indi\ +cating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the las\ +t process in the pipeline associated)108 117.6 R .732 +(with this job is 25647.)108 129.6 R .733 +(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) +5.732 F(.)-.4 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the) +108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(job)4.24 E F0 +(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8(To f)108 +158.4 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F 1.462 +(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F .87 +(notion of a)108 170.4 R F2(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871 +(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 +(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 +(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 +182.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E +(INT)108 194.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346 +(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F2(for)3.847 E -.4(eg) +-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F2(Bac)6.927 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) +-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 F .146 +(group ID dif)108 206.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 218.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F5 +10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 230.4 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F5 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +.717(terminal are sent a)108 242.4 R F3 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 +G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 254.4 Q 1.088 +(If the operating system on which)108 271.2 R F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 +(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 283.2 S +.301(ping the).8 F F2(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) +3.571 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 184.8 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 -7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F5(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 295.2 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F1(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -196.8 R(to)108 208.8 Q F5(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +307.2 R(to)108 319.2 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F5(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 220.8 R F5(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F5(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F5(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 232.8 Q .948(fect immediately) --.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 +(background, the)108 331.2 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z) +3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 343.2 Q .949(fect immediately) +-.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 244.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 261.6 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F5 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 273.6 -Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F5(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 355.2 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 372 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 384 Q +F2(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F2(n)3.818 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 285.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 297.6 Q F5(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 -E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F5(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F5(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 309.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F5(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +108 396 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E F0 +.59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 408 Q F1(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 E +5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E +F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 +(hand, refers to an)108 420 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 321.6 Q F5 -(bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F5(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F5(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 432 Q F1(bash) +2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -F3(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 333.6 R .495 +F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) +-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 444 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 345.6 R F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F5 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 357.6 R F5 +(The)5.495 E F2(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 +(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 456 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 5.788 +(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1(%+) +3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E +.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 468 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 369.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F52.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 -(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 +-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 +(and the pre)108 480 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.911 E F0 +5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 381.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 398.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -410.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 422.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 439.2 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 451.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F52.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 463.2 Q F5(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G -1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451 -(reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15 -(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)3.951 E F0(is)3.701 E -.15 -(exe)108 475.2 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .032 -(If an attempt to e)108 492 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft) --2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F5(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 504 R F5 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 -(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -516 R(The)5.458 E F5(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 528 R .604 +(rent job)108 492 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 508.8 R +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +520.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F +(equi)108 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 549.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 561.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 573.6 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G +1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 +(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 +(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)3.952 E F0(is)3.702 E -.15 +(exe)108 585.6 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033 +(If an attempt to e)108 602.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 +(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft) +-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 614.4 R F1 +(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 +(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +626.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 638.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 540 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F6 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 556.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 -568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F -F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 -(and the secondary prompt)108 580.8 R F1(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F5(Bash)6.825 E -F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ +(and an)108 650.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F6 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 667.2 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 +679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F +F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 +(and the secondary prompt)108 691.2 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E +F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ - are)108 592.8 R(decoded as follo)108 604.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 -616.8 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F5(\\d)144 628.8 Q F0 -(the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 640.8 Q F3(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180 -652.8 Q F3(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F3(strftime) -3.927 E F0 1.427 -(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -664.8 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0 -(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F5(\\e)144 676.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F5(\\h)144 688.8 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F5(\\H)144 700.8 Q F0 -(the hostname)25.44 E F5(\\j)144 712.8 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(33)197.335 E 0 Cg EP + are)108 703.2 R(decoded as follo)108 715.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(33)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\l)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the shell') -30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 96 Q -F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 108 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E -F1(\\s)144 120 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1 -($0)2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E -F1(\\t)144 132 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E -F1(\\T)144 144 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E -F1(\\@)144 156 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1 -(\\A)144 168 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u) -144 180 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 192 Q -F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E -F1(\\V)144 204 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 96 Q F0 +(the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A +F1(})A F0(the)180 120 Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F +F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 +(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 +132 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 +(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 144 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 156 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 168 Q F0 +(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 180 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F1(\\l)144 +192 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 204 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 216 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 228 Q F0 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0 +(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 +240 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)144 +252 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1(\\@)144 +264 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1(\\A)144 276 +Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 288 Q F0 +(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 300 Q F0(the v) +28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V) +144 312 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C (ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) --2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115 -(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) --.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 228 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 240 Q F0 +-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 324 Q F0 .116(the current w)26 F .116 +(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) +-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 336 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 +E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 348 Q F0 (the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) --.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) --.25 E F1(\\!)144 252 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1 -(\\#)144 264 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 -276 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) -.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 288 Q -/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F1 -(\\\\)144 300 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 312 Q F0 -(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ -d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) -180 324 Q F1(\\])144 336 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) -29.89 E .119(The command number and the history number are usually dif) -108 352.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F -1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ - from the history \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)108 376.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\ -osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 388.8 R +-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) +-.25 E F1(\\!)144 360 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1 +(\\#)144 372 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 +384 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) +.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 396 Q +F2(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F2 +(nnn)2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 408 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[) +144 420 Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters\ +, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F +(control sequence into the prompt)180 432 Q F1(\\])144 444 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E .12 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 460.8 R +.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ +on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ +story \214le \(see)108 472.8 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 484.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 496.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 508.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 412.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E -F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 429.6 Q F0 .151 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F(description of the)108 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 537.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 441.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 453.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 465.6 Q .95 +108 549.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 561.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 +(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 573.6 Q .949 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F -3.449(Av)5.949 G .949(i-style line editing interf)-3.449 F .949 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 477.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.45(Av)5.95 G .95(i-style line editing interf)-3.45 F .95(ace is also) +-.1 F -.2(av)108 585.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 489.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 597.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E -(emacs)108 501.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 518.4 Q -F0 .567(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 530.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -3.068 G .568(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 542.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 554.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 566.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 595.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 607.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E +(emacs)108 609.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 626.4 Q +F0 .568(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) +108 638.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.067(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +3.067 G .567(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 650.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +-.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 662.4 S .831 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 +3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 +(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 674.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 +(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E +(ho)108 715.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 619.2 R 1.018 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 631.2 Q -(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 648 R F3 -(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 660 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 -.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 672 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 -(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 -(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 684 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 700.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 712.8 -R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 724.8 R .196(en from the v) --.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G -2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(34)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ument to a command that).18 F 2.938(acts in the forw)108 727.2 R 2.938 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)5.438 E F0 5.438(\)c)C +2.938(auses that command to act in a backw)-5.438 F 2.938 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(34) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.034(program which uses the readline library starts up, the ini\ -tialization \214le is read, and the k)108 84 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -1.035(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 96 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F -1.15(There are only a fe)6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149 -(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 -(lines are ignored.)108 108 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a) --.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F -.737(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 120 R +-.35 E(Commands whose beha)108 84 Q(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E +(viates from this are noted belo)-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811 +(When a command is described as)108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F1 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 112.8 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1 +.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H +.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 124.8 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) +108 136.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 153.6 Q F0 +.091(Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \ +\214le \(the)108 165.6 R F1(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 +(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 +177.6 R .196(en from the v)-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 +F .196(that v)2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196 +(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197 +(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which uses the readline library starts up\ +, the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 189.6 R 1.334 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 201.6 S 1.149 +(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 +G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 213.6 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 225.6 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 136.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 -F .987(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 148.8 -Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 165.6 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 182.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 194.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -206.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 218.4 -Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) -108 235.2 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F -F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 -(,).73 E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 247.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2 -(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G -(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 264 R .209(ws k)-.25 F --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 242.4 R .986(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(inputr) +3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 254.4 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 271.2 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 300 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 312 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 324 Q F1 +(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) +108 340.8 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0 +(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 352.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1 +(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G +(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 369.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 276 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 292.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 304.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 381.6 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 +(Readline K)87 398.4 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 410.4 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 316.8 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .382(command or the te)108 422.4 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 -(\214ed in one of tw)108 328.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(\214ed in one of tw)108 434.4 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 -(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr) +(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 340.8 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 357.6 R F1 --.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 -E F2(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 -(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in) -.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 369.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E -(Control-u: uni)144 393.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 -E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 405.6 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 417.6 Q .698(In the abo)108 434.4 R .998 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 446.4 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 446.4 Q 1.541(When using the form)108 463.2 R F2 +-.1(ke)4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.041 +E F1(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 +(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542(pelled out in) +.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 475.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E +(Control-u: uni)144 499.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 +E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 511.2 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 523.2 Q .699(In the abo)108 540 R .998 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 552 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) +2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258 +(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -458.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 475.2 R F1("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 487.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +564 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 580.8 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 592.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 499.2 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 511.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 535.2 Q -.15(ve) +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 604.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 616.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 640.8 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 547.2 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 559.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 576 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 -G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 588 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) -3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3(Function Key 1) -2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 -604.8 Q F1<5c43ad>144 616.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F1<5c4dad>144 -628.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 640.8 Q F0 -(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\\\)144 652.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 -(\\")144 664.8 Q F0(literal ")27.67 E F1<5c08>144 676.8 Q F0 -(literal \010)30.44 E(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequenc\ -es, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 693.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 705.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 -717.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 -E(35)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 652.8 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 664.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 681.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 693.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4 +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 710.4 Q +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(35)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\d)144 84 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 -96 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 108 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 120 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 132 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 144 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab) -.15 E F1(\\)144 156 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<5c43ad>144 84 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E +F1<5c4dad>144 96 Q F0(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 108 Q F0 +(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\\\)144 120 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 +(\\")144 132 Q F0(literal ")27.67 E F1<5c08>144 144 Q F0(literal \010) +30.44 E(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second s\ +et of backslash escapes is a)108 160.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1 +(\\a)144 172.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 184.8 Q F0 +(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)144 196.8 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 208.8 +Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 220.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 232.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 244.8 Q F0 +(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 256.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G +(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 268.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 -168 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he) --.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E -2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 -(When entering the te)108 184.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 196.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F -.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -208.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +280.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 +(When entering the te)108 297.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 309.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 +321.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 225.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 -F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 237.6 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 249.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +F1(Bash)108 338.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) +.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 350.4 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 362.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 266.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 278.4 +(Readline V)87 379.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 391.2 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 290.4 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 307.2 Q F2 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 403.2 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 420 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -324 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) --.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v) -108 336 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F -.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 348 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 -(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) -2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -360 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 376.8 Q F0 .01 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 388.8 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 400.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 412.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 424.8 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 436.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 448.8 Q -.15 +436.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F +(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 +(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) +5.79 E .449(nized v)108 448.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 +(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 +(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 +(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 472.8 S(lues are:) +.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 489.6 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 501.6 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 513.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 525.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 537.6 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 549.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 561.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 460.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 472.8 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 484.8 Q F1 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 573.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 585.6 R +F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 597.6 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 496.8 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 508.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 609.6 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 621.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr) -108 520.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ +108 633.6 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\ - that is displayed)144 532.8 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 544.8 R -1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 556.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ + that is displayed)144 645.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 657.6 R +1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 669.6 S(lue are replaced with a\ n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 568.8 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 580.8 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 592.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) -3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 -(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 -604.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ -qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 616.8 S .237 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 681.6 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 693.6 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 705.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 717.6 R +.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 729.6 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 628.8 Q F1(con)108 -640.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 652.8 -R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 --.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 -(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 664.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 676.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\)) -108 688.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C -.038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 -(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 712.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(36)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21) +148.175 E(36)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .253 -(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(emacs)2.752 E F0(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.252 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 120 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 -E F0 1.21(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 -G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +-.35 E(on the terminal.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(con)108 96 Q -.1 +(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 108 R F1(On)3.113 +E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) +144 120 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 156 R F1 +(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) +144 168 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 180 Q F0 .252 +(Controls whether readline be)144 192 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.753 E F0 +(or)2.753 E F2(vi)2.753 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.253 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 204 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 216 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 +1.211(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 +G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 144 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 156 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 240 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 180 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 192 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 216 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 228 Q F0(If set to)144 240 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 252 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 264 R F1(on) -3.993 E F0 3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 276 Q -.15 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.492(If set to)144 360 R F1(on) +3.992 E F0 3.992(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.992 F(retrie)144 372 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(0\))108 288 Q F0 .462 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 300 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .463 +(history\255size \(0\))108 384 Q F0 .463 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .462 (If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F -(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 312 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 324 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 336 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 408 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 420 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 432 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 348 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 360 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 372 -Q F0 .228(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ + ne)144 444 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 456 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 468 +Q F0 .227(If set to)144 480 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 396 R -.05 +rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 492 R -.05 (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F -(synon)144 408 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 420 Q +.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F +(synon)144 504 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 516 Q (ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 432 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 -(ing the character as a command.)144 444 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 456 Q F2 +thout subsequently e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 +(ing the character as a command.)144 540 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 +(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 552 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 468 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 492 R F0 2.568(,a)C +108 564 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 576 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 588 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 504 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 600 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 516 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 528 Q -(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 540 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 612 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 624 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 636 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 552 Q F0(If set to)144 -564 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 648 Q F0(If set to)144 +660 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 576 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 672 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 684 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 600 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 612 Q F0 .193(This v)144 624 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 636 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 648 Q F1 -(output\255meta \(Off\))108 660 Q F0 .507(If set to)144 672 R F1(On) -3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ -hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 684 Q -(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 696 Q F0 -.808(If set to)144 708 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 -(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A -3.308(ep)-.1 G .808(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-) --3.308 F(tions at a time.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12) -147.345 E(37)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 696 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(37)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will disp\ -lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 108 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 120 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .872(If set to)144 132 R F1(on)3.372 E F0 3.372(,r)C .873 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 84 Q +F0 .192(This v)144 96 R .192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E +F0 2.692(,c)C .192(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 +F .193(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 108 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 120 Q F1 +(output\255meta \(Off\))108 132 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 144 R F1(On) +3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ +hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 156 Q +(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 168 Q F0 +.809(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 +(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E +(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F +(tions at a time.)144 192 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +F(order)144 228 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 240 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .873(If set to)144 252 R F1(on)3.373 E F0 3.373(,r)C .872 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.372 F F1(accept\255line)3.373 E F0(is)3.373 E -.15(exe)144 144 S +-3.373 F F1(accept\255line)3.372 E F0(is)3.372 E -.15(exe)144 264 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 156 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 168 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .477(This alters the def)144 180 R .477(ault beha)-.1 F .477 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F1(on) -2.978 E F0 2.978(,w)C .478(ords which ha)-3.078 F .778 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 276 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 288 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .478(This alters the def)144 300 R .478(ault beha)-.1 F .478 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F1(on) +2.977 E F0 2.977(,w)C .477(ords which ha)-3.077 F .777 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 192 R(bell.)144 204 Q F1 -(sho)108 216 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 228 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 240 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.923(.I)C -4.423(fs)-6.923 G 1.923(et to)-4.423 F F1(on)4.423 E F0 4.423(,w)C 1.923 -(ords which ha)-4.523 F 2.222 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.922 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 252 R 3.539 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 312 R(bell.)144 324 Q F1 +(sho)108 336 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 348 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 360 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.922(.I)C +4.422(fs)-6.922 G 1.922(et to)-4.422 F F1(on)4.422 E F0 4.422(,w)C 1.922 +(ords which ha)-4.522 F 2.223 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.923 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 372 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 264 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 276 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 288 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 300 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 312 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 324 Q +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 384 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 396 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 408 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 420 Q +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 432 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 444 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 348 R F1(On) +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 468 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 -(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 360 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 376.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 388.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 400.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 +(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 480 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 496.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 508.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 520.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 429.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E -F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\ - editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 -(or the application using readline.)144 441.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 549.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.962 E +F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ + editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(or the application using readline.)144 561.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 453.6 Q F1(mode)144 470.4 Q F0(The) -12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +(are required to isolate it.)144 573.6 Q F1(mode)144 590.4 Q F0(The) +12.67 E F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 482.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 602.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 494.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 614.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 506.4 -Q F1(term)144 523.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 535.2 R +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 626.4 +Q F1(term)144 643.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 655.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 547.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 667.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -559.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +679.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 576 Q F0(The)180 588 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 696 Q F0(The)180 708 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -600 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 612 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 624 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 -(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 636 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 660 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 -(#Q)180 672 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 684 Q F1($endif)180 696 Q($endif)108 -712.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E -(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(38)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +720 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 +Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(38)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($else)108 84 Q F0 -(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 --.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E -(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 100.8 Q F0 .357(This directi)144 112.8 R -.657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 -F .356(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5 -(\214le. F)144 124.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E -(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 -148.8 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 165.6 Q(ching)-.18 E -F0 .834(Readline pro)108 177.6 R .834 +-.35 E .5(particular v)180 84 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501 +(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .501 +(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397(ci\214c program.)180 +96 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F +.396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .396 +(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 108 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(ord in Bash:)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($if)180 132 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E +2.5(#Q)180 144 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 156 Q F1($endif)180 168 Q($endif)108 +184.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E +(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1($else) +108 201.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 218.4 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 230.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) +144 242.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 +E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 266.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 +E F1(Sear)87 283.2 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 295.2 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 189.6 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 307.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 206.4 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 324 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 218.4 R .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 336 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 230.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G -.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 242.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) -2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 348 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 +(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +108 360 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 254.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 372 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 266.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 -(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 278.4 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) -108 295.2 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 -(search backw)108 307.2 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 319.2 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .174 +F .097(mental search.)108 384 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ +l search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096(When the search is) +5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ +mes the current line.)108 396 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 412.8 T 1.339(nd \ +other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ + as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 +424.8 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F +.674(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E +5.674(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 436.8 R .474 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -343.2 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -360 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 448.8 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 460.8 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 477.6 +R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 489.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 388.8 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 506.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.392 -(The follo)108 429.6 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 518.4 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 535.2 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 547.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark) -3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 559.2 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 571.2 Q F2(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 583.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 482.4 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 494.4 Q F0(Mo)144 506.4 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 518.4 Q F0(Mo)144 530.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -542.4 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve f) --.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 566.4 Q F0(Mo)144 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 590.4 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 602.4 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 614.4 Q F1(backward\255w)108 626.4 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 638.4 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 650.4 Q F1(shell\255f)108 662.4 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 674.4 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 -(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 686.4 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 698.4 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .608(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 -E(39)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 600 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 612 Q F0(Mo)144 624 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 636 Q F0(Mo)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 660 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 672 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +684 Q F0(Mo)144 696 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(39)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(clear\255scr)108 84 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E -F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 96 R .993 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255w).25 E +(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E +.523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F +.522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 108 Q F1(backward\255w)108 120 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 144 Q F1(shell\255f)108 156 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 168 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) +-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F +(ters.)144 180 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 192 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +204 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 216 Q +F1(clear\255scr)108 228 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 240 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 108 Q F1 -.18(re)108 120 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 252 Q F1 -.18(re)108 264 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -132 Q F1(Commands f)87 148.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 160.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 172.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +276 Q F1(Commands f)87 292.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 304.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 316.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 184.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 328.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 196.8 Q F1(pr)108 -208.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 220.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 232.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 244.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 340.8 Q F1(pr)108 +352.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 364.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 376.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 388.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 256.8 Q F0(Mo)144 268.8 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 400.8 Q F0(Mo)144 412.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 280.8 Q F0(Mo)144 292.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 424.8 Q F0(Mo)144 436.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 304.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 316.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +(re v)108 448.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.47(Search backw)144 460.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 328.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 340.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 352.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 364.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 376.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) -144 388.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 400.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 412.8 Q +(This is an incremental search.)144 472.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 484.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 496.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 508.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 520.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) +144 532.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 544.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 556.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 424.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 568.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -436.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 448.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 460.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +580.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 592.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 604.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 472.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 484.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) -144 496.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ -etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 508.8 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 520.8 Q +(and the point.)144 616.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 628.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +144 640.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 652.8 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 664.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 -532.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +676.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 544.8 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 688.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 556.8 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 700.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 568.8 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 580.8 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 592.8 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 604.8 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 616.8 S .735(th an ar).4 F -.735(gument, beha)-.18 F 1.035 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .735(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 -E 1.036 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .736(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.236 -E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.236 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 -(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 628.8 R .728 -(gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .728(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) --.15 E .14(sion f)144 640.8 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 -(xtract the last ar)-.15 F .14(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 F -.14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 652.8 Q F1 -(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 664.8 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 676.8 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 688.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E -2.5(xpansions. See)-.15 F F2(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25(YE)-.315 G(XP) --2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G -(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 700.8 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 712.8 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 724.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(40)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 712.8 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 724.8 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(40)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(magic\255space)108 84 Q F0 1.627 -(Perform history e)144 96 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)144 108 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(yank\255last\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +-1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 96 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 108 S .736(th an ar).4 F .736 +(gument, beha)-.18 F 1.036 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .736(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E +F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.735(.S)C(uccessi)-5.735 E +1.035 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .735(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.235 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.235 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 +(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 120 R .728 +(gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .729(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) +-.15 E .14(sion f)144 132 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 +(xtract the last ar)-.15 F .14(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 F +.14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 144 Q F1 +(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 156 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 168 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 180 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(alias\255expand\255line)108 120 Q F0 .394(Perform alias e)144 132 R -.394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E -F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .395(or a description of alias e) -.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 144 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 156 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 168 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 180 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 192 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 192 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 204 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 216 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 228 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 240 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2 +(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(belo)144 252 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 264 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 276 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 288 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 300 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 312 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 324 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 336 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 204 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F -(history for editing.)144 228 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 348 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F +(history for editing.)144 372 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 240 Q F0(In)144 -252 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 384 Q F0(In)144 +396 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 264 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +(attempts to in)144 408 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) -.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 (and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 -280.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 -292.8 Q F0 .358(Delete the character at point.)144 304.8 R .358 +424.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 +436.8 Q F0 .357(Delete the character at point.)144 448.8 R .358 (If point is at the be)5.358 F .358 (ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F -(line, and the last character typed w)144 316.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E +(line, and the last character typed w)144 460.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.) -A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 328.8 Q F0 .552 -(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 340.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 +A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 472.8 Q F0 .553 +(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 484.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F -.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F -.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 352.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 364.8 S -(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 376.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 388.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 400.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -412.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F +.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 496.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 508.8 S +(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 520.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 532.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 544.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +556.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 -(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 424.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 436.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 448.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 460.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 472.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 484.8 Q F0 .322 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 496.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 568.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 580.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 592.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 604.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 616.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 628.8 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 640.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -508.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 520.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +652.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 664.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 532.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -544.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 556.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 568.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -580.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 592.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 604.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 616.8 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 628.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 640.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 -652.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 664.8 S(rd, b) -.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 -676.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 688.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 700.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 712.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) -4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) -4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968 -(mode. In)144 724.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468 -(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 -1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(transpose\255w)108 676.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +688.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 700.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21) +148.175 E(41)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .958(pushing the te)144 84 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 -(Characters bound to)5.958 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 -F(before point with a space.)144 96 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 112.8 Q -(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 124.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 -136.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 148.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 160.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 172.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 184.8 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(upcase\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E +F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 96 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F +4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F +(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 108 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15 +(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 120 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E +(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 132 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 144 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 156 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 168 +R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 180 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 192 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 204 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 216 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 228 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 240 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 252 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 264 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +280.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 292.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 304.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 316.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 328.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 340.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 352.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 196.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 364.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -208.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 220.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 232.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 244.8 S +376.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 388.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 400.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 412.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 256.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 268.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 424.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 436.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 280.8 Q -(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 292.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 304.8 S +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 448.8 Q +(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 460.8 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 472.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 316.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 328.8 R +108 484.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 496.8 R 3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 340.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 352.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 364.8 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -376.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 388.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) -144 400.8 R .166 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 508.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 520.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 532.8 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +544.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 556.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +144 568.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 412.8 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 580.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 424.8 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 436.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 -448.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 460.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 472.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E -F0(Cop)144 484.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 592.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 604.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +616.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 628.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 640.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 652.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 496.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 508.8 Q 4.801 -(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 520.8 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 532.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 544.8 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo) --.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008 -(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 -F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.) -A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 568.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 580.8 S +(copy\255backward\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 676.8 Q 4.8(yt) +-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E +(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 +688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 700.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E +(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 712.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 +(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 +E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G +(ward\255w)144 724.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(42)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 43 43 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(yank \(C\255y\))108 84 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 96 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 592.8 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 604.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 108 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 120 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 621.6 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 633.6 Q -(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 645.6 R .641 +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 136.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 148.8 Q +(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 160.8 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) --.15 E(ati)144 657.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 -(uni)108 669.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 -(This is another w)144 681.6 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 -(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +(rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-) +-.15 E(ati)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 +(uni)108 184.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 +(This is another w)144 196.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 +(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -693.6 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -705.6 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +208.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +220.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 717.6 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 232.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 -(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 729.6 R .243 +(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 244.8 R .243 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12) -147.345 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(ar)144 84 Q .378(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .378(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378 -(es the ar)-.1 F .378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 96 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G -(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.) --.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 112.8 Q(complete \(T)108 -124.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 -136.8 R 1.137(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 148.8 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 160.8 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +-.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 256.8 Q .378 +(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F +.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 268.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) +-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1 +(Completing)87 285.6 Q(complete \(T)108 297.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 309.6 R 1.137 +(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 321.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 333.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 172.8 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 184.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 196.8 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 208.8 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 220.8 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 345.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 357.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 369.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 381.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 393.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -232.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 244.8 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -256.8 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +405.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 417.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +429.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 268.8 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 280.8 R .828 +1.193(possible completions.)144 441.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 453.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 292.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 465.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 304.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 477.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 316.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +E(through the list.)144 489.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) 5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete-)108 328.8 Q(w)10 I(k)-7.22 -10 M(c) --5.56 -10 M(rd)2.78 10 M F0 .82(Identical to)144 340.8 R F1 +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete-)108 501.6 Q(w)10 I(k)-7.22 -10 M(c) +-5.56 -10 M(rd)2.78 10 M F0 .82(Identical to)144 513.6 R F1 (menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 352.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(menu\255complete)144 525.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) .15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 364.8 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 376.8 R +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 537.6 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 549.6 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 388.8 R -.15 +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 561.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 400.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 412.8 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 424.8 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 436.8 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 448.8 Q +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 573.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 585.6 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 597.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 609.6 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 621.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 460.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 472.8 Q +(complete\255user)108 633.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 645.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 484.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 496.8 Q +108 657.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 669.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -508.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 -520.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(possible\255v)108 532.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 544.8 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 556.8 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 568.8 Q +681.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 +693.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(possible\255v)108 705.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(43)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 44 44 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 84 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 580.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 592.8 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 108 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 604.8 Q F0 .58 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 616.8 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 628.8 R +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 132 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 156 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 640.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 168 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 652.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 664.8 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 180 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 192 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 676.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 688.8 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 204 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 216 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dab)108 84 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G -(\255expand).15 E F0 .611(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 96 R -.611(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(for possible completion matches.)144 228 Q F1(dab)108 240 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 252 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 108 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 120 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 264 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 276 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 132 R(the list is a)144 144 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 288 R(the list is a)144 300 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 160.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 172.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 184.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 316.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 340.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 196.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 208.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 352.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 364.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 244.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 261.6 Q -.18(re)108 273.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 285.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) --.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 297.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 309.6 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 321.6 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 333.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 345.6 Q +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 376.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 388.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 400.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(Miscellaneous)87 417.6 Q -.18(re)108 429.6 S.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 441.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) +-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 453.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 465.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 477.6 R +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 489.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 501.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 357.6 R F2(x) -4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 513.6 R F2(x) +4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 369.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 381.6 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 393.6 Q +(uppercase character)144 525.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 537.6 Q +(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 549.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 405.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 417.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 429.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 441.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 561.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 573.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 585.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 597.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 453.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 465.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 477.6 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 609.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 621.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 633.6 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 489.6 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 501.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 645.6 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 657.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 513.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 525.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 669.6 Q F0(Sw) +144 681.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 537.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 549.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 -561.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 705.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 +717.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 573.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 585.6 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 597.6 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G -3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 609.6 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence \(\))108 621.6 Q F0 1.827 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 633.6 R 2.126 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 645.6 R -.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 -(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 657.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15 -(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F -(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ -ing stray characters into the editing b)144 669.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E -5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 681.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E -(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -693.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 705.6 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 717.6 Q .097 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E -.322(the characters at the be)144 729.6 R .321 -(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 729.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(44)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832 -(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 96 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 108 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 120 Q -.15 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(character\255sear)108 84 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 96 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 108 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence \(\))108 120 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 132 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 144 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ +y characters into the editing b)144 168 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 180 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 +192 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 204 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 216 Q .098 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E +.321(the characters at the be)144 228 R .321 +(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 240 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 252 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 264 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 276 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 132 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 144 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 156 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 288 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 300 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 312 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ -ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 168 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 180 R .372 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372 +ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 324 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 336 R .372 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 192 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 348 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 204 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 216 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 228 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 360 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 372 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 384 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 240 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 396 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 252 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 264 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 276 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 288 Q +(ex)144 408 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 420 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 432 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 300 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 312 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 324 R .304 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 456 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 468 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 480 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 336 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 348 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 360 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 372 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 492 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 504 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 516 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 528 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 384 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 396 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 408 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 540 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 552 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 564 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 424.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -436.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 580.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +592.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 448.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 604.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 460.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 477.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 -489.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 616.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 633.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +645.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 501.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 513.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F -.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 525.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 657.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 669.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 681.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 537.6 Q .421(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .422 -(If those searches to not result in a compspec, an)5.421 F 2.922(yc)-.15 -G .422(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.922 F F12.922 E F0(option to) -108 549.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 693.6 Q .422(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .422 +(If those searches to not result in a compspec, an)5.422 F 2.921(yc)-.15 +G .421(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.921 F F12.921 E F0(option to) +108 705.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 566.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 578.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 -E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 595.2 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 607.2 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 -(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 619.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 636 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G -1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 648 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 660 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 676.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 688.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 -(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 700.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -712.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -724.8 Q 2.17 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)4.37 G 1.87 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 6.87(.T)C 1.871(he results of the e)-6.87 F 1.871 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F 1.871(ainst the w)-.05 F 1.871 -(ord being)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(45)197.335 -E 0 Cg EP + matching w)108 722.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E +(45)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(completed, and the matching w)108 84 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 100.8 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.737 E F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375 -(options is in)108 112.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F -3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.375(d, the).1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.876 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_KEY)108 124.8 -Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157 -(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 -5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 136.8 S .986 -(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2(COMP_CW) -3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F -(When)5.986 E .609(the function or command is in)108 148.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .608(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608 -(gument is the name of the command whose ar)-.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 -F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 160.8 R .073(gument is the w) --.18 F .073(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073 -(gument is the w)-.18 F .073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 172.8 -R .607(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607 -(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 184.8 Q .093 +-.35 E(found, the def)108 84 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 +E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 100.8 R +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 112.8 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F +(shell v)108 124.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E +F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 141.6 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 +G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 165.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 182.4 Q +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +194.4 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 206.4 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +218.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 +230.4 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 242.4 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 259.2 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 271.2 R -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 +(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 283.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +295.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 +(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .608 +(the function or command is in)108 307.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) +-.18 F .609(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 +319.2 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 +(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F +.072(ord pre-)-.1 F .607(ceding the w)108 331.2 R .607 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .608 +(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 343.2 Q .094 (ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 -196.8 Q(An)108 213.6 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +355.2 Q(An)108 372 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 225.6 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 -237.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 254.4 Q .081 -(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F -F12.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08 -(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858 -(stitution. It)108 266.4 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ - per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used) -5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 278.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 295.2 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 307.2 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 319.2 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 384 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) +.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 396 +Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 412.8 Q .08(xt, an) +-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1 +2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 +G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081 +(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859 +(stitution. It)108 424.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ + per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used) +5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 436.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E +.376(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 453.6 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 465.6 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 477.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 331.2 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 343.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 489.6 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 501.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E(Finally)108 360 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587 -(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 -3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587 +(d.).15 E(Finally)108 518.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H +.586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 +3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587 (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ -possible completions.)108 372 Q .246(If the pre)108 388.8 R .247 +possible completions.)108 530.4 Q .247(If the pre)108 547.2 R .247 (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 (atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 -(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 400.8 Q F0 +(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 559.2 Q F0 (when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 417.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 576 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 +F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 429.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 446.4 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 458.4 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 470.4 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 482.4 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 588 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 604.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 616.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 628.8 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 640.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 494.4 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 652.8 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -506.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +664.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 523.2 R .632(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 681.6 R .633(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 535.2 R 2.762(to the v)108 547.2 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 559.2 + to directories, subject)108 693.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 705.6 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 717.6 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 576 -R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 588 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F -F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 -(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 -F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ - by returning an e)108 600 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 -F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated wi\ -th the command on which completion is)108 612 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 624 R .666 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -636 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 -G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F .083 -(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 648 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ -ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 -(Fo)108 664.8 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F -.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 676.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E -(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 693.6 Q({)108 705.6 Q 6 -(.")144 717.6 S -(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -729.6 Q F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(46)197.335 E 0 -Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(46)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(complete -D -F _completion_loader)108 84 Q/F2 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 112.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 -(When the)108 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F -F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 136.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 -(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 148.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 -(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 -(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 +-.35 E .191 +(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 84 R +.19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 96 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83 +(sp)-.55 G 1.33(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion\ + should be retried by returning an e)108 108 R .93(xit status of 124.) +-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the c\ +ompspec associated with the command on which completion is)108 120 R +.666(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 132 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 +144 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 +G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084 +(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 156 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ +ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 +(Fo)108 172.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F +.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F +(the command, the follo)108 184.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 201.6 Q({)108 213.6 Q 6 +(.")144 225.6 S +(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 +237.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader)108 249.6 Q/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 278.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371(When the) +108 290.4 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371(option to the)2.871 F +F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 +F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372 +(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305(the list of commands pre)108 302.4 +R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F +/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304 +(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429(mands to sa)108 314.4 R +.729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429(istory list.)-2.929 F .429 +(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43 +(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93 +(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -160.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 172.8 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +326.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 338.4 +S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 184.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 350.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -213.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +108 367.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +379.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .532 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 225.6 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 391.2 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F5 (HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F6(.)A F0 .532 (When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532 -(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.159(tory comment character follo)108 -237.6 R 1.158(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ -for the preceding)-.25 F .052(history line.)108 249.6 R .053 -(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.052 F -.053(alue of the)-.25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.553 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) -108 261.6 S 4.387(riable. When).25 F 1.887(an interacti)4.387 F 2.187 +(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.158(tory comment character follo)108 +403.2 R 1.159(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ +for the preceding)-.25 F .053(history line.)108 415.2 R .053 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.053 F +.052(alue of the)-.25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.552 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) +108 427.2 S 4.386(riable. When).25 F 1.886(an interacti)4.386 F 2.187 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 ($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to) -4.137 F F5($HISTFILE)108 273.6 Q F6(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F3 +4.137 F F5($HISTFILE)108 439.2 Q F6(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F1 (histappend)2.556 E F0 .056 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F3(shopt)2.556 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F1(shopt)2.556 E F0(under)2.556 E F5 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E -(COMMANDS)108 285.6 Q F0(belo)2.672 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ +(COMMANDS)108 451.2 Q F0(belo)2.671 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ to the history \214le, otherwise the history \214le is o)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.921(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)108 297.6 Q F0 .435(is unse\ -t, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)2.684 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.935(d. If).15 F(the)2.935 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.935 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)108 309.6 S .917 +-.15 G 2.922(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)108 463.2 Q F0 .435(is unse\ +t, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)2.685 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.934(d. If).15 F(the)2.934 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.934 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)108 475.2 S .916 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .916(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.416(,s)-.4 G(o) --3.416 E(the)108 321.6 Q 3.082(ym)-.15 G .582(ay be preserv)-3.082 F -.582(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .583 +F .917(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.417(,s)-.4 G(o) +-3.417 E(the)108 487.2 Q 3.083(ym)-.15 G .583(ay be preserv)-3.083 F +.583(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .582 (This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-)5.583 F -.987(stamps from other history lines.)108 333.6 R .987(After sa)5.987 F -.987(ving the history)-.2 F 3.486(,t)-.65 G .986 +.986(stamps from other history lines.)108 499.2 R .986(After sa)5.986 F +.986(ving the history)-.2 F 3.486(,t)-.65 G .987 (he history \214le is truncated to contain no more)-3.486 F(than)108 -345.6 Q F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E F0 2.5(lines. If)2.25 F F5(HISTFILESIZE) -2.5 E F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.293(The b)108 -362.4 R 1.293(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)3.793 E F0(\(see)3.793 E F5 -1.293(SHELL B)3.793 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.543 E 1.294(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) -108 374.4 S .674(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E -F3(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .279 -(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 386.4 R .279 +511.2 Q F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E F0 2.5(lines. If)2.25 F F5(HISTFILESIZE) +2.5 E F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b)108 +528 R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see)3.794 E F5 1.293 +(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.543 E +1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe)108 540 S +.673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E F1(history) +3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .28 +(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 552 R .279 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va) --.2 G .28(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 398.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 415.2 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +-.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 564 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 580.8 +R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 427.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 439.2 Q F0 .75 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 592.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F1 +(cmdhist)108 604.8 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 451.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 616.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 463.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 475.2 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 628.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 640.8 R F1(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -487.2 Q F2(HIST)72 504 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) --.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 516 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 528 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 540 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 -(option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 552 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def) --.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 568.8 R 1.305 -(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 580.8 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 +652.8 Q F3(HIST)72 669.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E +(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 681.6 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 693.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 705.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 717.6 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21) +148.175 E(47)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 48 48 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 1.306(History e)108 84 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306 +(ords from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to re\ +peat)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 96 R .209(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 592.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -609.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 621.6 S 3.2 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 108 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +124.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 136.8 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 633.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 645.6 R F4 --.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 657.6 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 -(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 669.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 -(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 681.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 693.6 Q -F3(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E -F3(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) --2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 710.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -.03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 148.8 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 160.8 R/F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F1(wor) +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F1(modi\214er)108 172.8 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 +(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 184.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 +(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 +(one w)108 196.8 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 208.8 Q +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F +(backslash \()2.5 E F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 +E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 722.4 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 237.6 T +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E -F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(47)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 48 48 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(will also inhibit e)108 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 100.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109 -(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109(vior of history e)-.2 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 112.8 R F1(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E -F0 1.143(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1 -(shopt)3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and) --.25 F F1 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, h\ -istory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -124.8 R 5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F -1.515(is reloaded into the)108 136.8 R F1 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E -F0 1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.016 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.516(is being used, and the)4.016 F F1(histr)108 148.8 +-.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 249.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 266.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 278.4 R F2 +(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) +3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 290.4 R +5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 302.4 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 314.4 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 160.8 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F13.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 172.8 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F12.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G -.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 184.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 326.4 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F23.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 338.4 +S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F22.555 +E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G +.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 350.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 201.6 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 367.2 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -213.6 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +379.2 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 225.6 Q F1 -(Ev)87 242.4 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 254.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history li\ -st.).15 E F1(!)108 271.2 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e) -32.67 F 1.607(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank) -4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608 -(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 283.2 Q F1(extglob) -2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 295.2 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)27.67 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 307.2 Q -F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F2(n)2.5 E F0 -(.).24 E F1(!!)108 319.2 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.) --.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 331.2 Q F2 -(string)A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F2 -(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 343.2 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.022 -(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 355.2 R F2(string)3.522 -E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F1(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 -(may be omitted if)3.522 F F2(string)3.861 E F0(is)3.741 E(follo)144 -367.2 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 -SF(^)108 384.2 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 -2.629(Quick substitution.)144 391.2 R 2.629 -(Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F2(string1)5.469 E F0(with) -5.129 E F2(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G -2.63(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 403.2 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A -F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 415.2 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 432 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 444 S 1.314 +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 391.2 Q F2 +(Ev)87 408 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 420 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt \ +designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list.) +.15 E F2(!)108 436.8 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 F +1.608(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 +4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 448.8 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 460.8 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)27.67 E +F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 472.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E +F2(!!)108 484.8 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 496.8 Q F1(string) +A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F1(string)2.5 +E F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 508.8 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.022 +(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 520.8 R F1(string)3.522 +E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F2(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 +(may be omitted if)3.522 F F1(string)3.862 E F0(is)3.742 E(follo)144 +532.8 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 +SF(^)108 549.8 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 +2.63(Quick substitution.)144 556.8 R 2.629 +(Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F1(string1)5.469 E F0(with) +5.129 E F1(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G +2.629(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 568.8 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A +F1(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 580.8 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75 +(Wo)87 597.6 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 609.6 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 456 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 621.6 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 -($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 468 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 480 Q F1 -2.5(0\()108 496.8 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 508.8 Q +(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 +($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) +-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 633.6 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 645.6 Q +F2 2.5(0\()108 662.4 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 674.4 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 520.8 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) -108 532.8 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 -E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 544.8 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F1(%) -108 556.8 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2 -(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 568.8 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar) -20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 -E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 580.8 Q F0 .315 -(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 +F1(n)108.36 686.4 Q F0(The)30.64 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F2(^) +108 698.4 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 710.4 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(48)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 49 49 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)108 84 Q F0(The w)26 E +(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string) +A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 96 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G +(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E +(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 108 Q F0 .316 +(All of the w)31 F .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 (This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 592.8 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 120 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -604.8 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 -616.8 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 -E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w) -108 633.6 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +132 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 144 +Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 +(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 +160.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 650.4 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 662.4 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 -G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 674.4 Q F1(h) -108 691.2 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 177.6 Q F0 .183 +(After the optional w)108 189.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 +G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F +.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 201.6 Q F1(h) +108 218.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 -(t)108 703.2 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(t)108 230.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 715.2 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 242.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E -(48)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(e)108 84 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 96 Q -F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 108 Q F0(Quote the substituted w) -30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 120 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C -(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E -(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 144 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 -.221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 254.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 266.4 +Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 278.4 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.) +-.1 E F1(x)108 290.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 +E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) +2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 302.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 314.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 (in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 -(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 -156 R .617 +(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 +326.4 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 168 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 -E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +F .666(be quoted in)144 338.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 180 R(If) -5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 -(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) --2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 192 Q F2(string)2.84 -E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) -108 204 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)108 -216 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897 -(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F -.398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C -(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 228 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219(used with `) -3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 240 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 252 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 264 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 -('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 280.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 292.8 +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 350.4 R +(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 +(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 362.4 Q F2(string) +2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 +(&)108 374.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 +(g)108 386.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 398.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 410.4 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 422.4 Q F0 +(.)A F1(G)108 434.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 +2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 451.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 463.2 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1108 304.8 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F12.533 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +receded by)-.2 F F1108 475.2 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F12.534 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F .078(do not treat)108 316.8 R F12.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F .077(do not treat)108 487.2 R F12.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E 5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0 (,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let) 2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G -.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108 -328.8 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F12.819 E F0 .319 -(without requiring)2.819 F F12.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b) --5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32 -(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.144(accepting options interpret ar) -108 340.8 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .32(ments be)108 499.2 +R .32(ginning with)-.15 F F12.82 E F0 .32(without requiring)2.82 F +F12.82 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)-5.319 F .319 +(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .319(guments b)-.18 F .319 +(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.143(accepting options interpret ar) +108 511.2 R 1.143(guments be)-.18 F 1.143(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.643 E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143 -(lid options and require).25 F F13.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 352.8 Q F1(:)108 -370.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 382.8 R -.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F -(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an) -3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 -394.8 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 411.6 Q F2 +(lid options and require).25 F F13.644 E F0 1.144(to pre)3.644 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.144(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 523.2 Q F1(:)108 +541.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 553.2 R +.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an) +3.221 F 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 +565.2 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 582 Q F2 (\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 -423.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E -F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 435.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02 -(cute commands from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02 -(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02(vironment and return the e)-.4 F -(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 447.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.68(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2 -(\214lename)6.09 E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608 -(names in)144 459.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 -(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 471.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 -(\214le is found in)144 483.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +594 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 +(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from) +.15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.68 +(status of the last command e)144 618 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from) +.15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2(\214lename)6.09 +E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 630 +R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 +(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename)3.108 +E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA) +3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333 +(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832 +(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +(\214le is found in)144 654 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -495.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 507.6 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716 -(status of the last command e)144 519.6 R .716 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 666 +S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 +E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612 +(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 678 Q F0 .341(is e)2.841 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.841 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .341(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +2.841 F .342(The return status is the)5.342 F .716 +(status of the last command e)144 690 R .716 (xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 531.6 -Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 548.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].) -C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 560.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .715(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 702 Q +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(49)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 96 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 572.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +F2(name)144 108 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 584.4 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 120 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value) 5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 (ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 -(stitution when the alias is e)144 596.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 +(stitution when the alias is e)144 132 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 608.4 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .053(is sup-)2.553 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 144 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 620.4 Q F1(bg)108 637.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -649.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 661.2 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 673.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 685.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(49)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bind)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 156 Q F1(bg)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 184.8 R +F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 196.8 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 208.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 220.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 96 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 132 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 144 R F1 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 156 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 180 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 192 -Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 204 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 -E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659 -(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F2 -.1(ke) -180 216 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 261.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 297.6 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 309.6 R F1 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 321.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 333.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 345.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 +357.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 369.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 381.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 228 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert)4.429 +(vi\255command)180 393.6 Q F0 4.43(,a)C(nd)-4.43 E F2(vi\255insert)4.429 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 (lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 -(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar) -180 240 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 252 Q F0(List the names of all) -27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(functions.)2.5 E F1144 -264 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc) --.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 276 Q F0(List current)24.19 E -F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1 -144 288 Q F0(Display)26.41 E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 --.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo)-.15 G -1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 300 S 2.5(yt).1 G(hat the)-2.5 -E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 312 Q F0(Display)24.74 -E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G -(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F1144 324 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar) +180 405.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 417.6 Q F0 +(List the names of all)27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1144 429.6 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 +G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 441.6 +Q F0(List current)24.19 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1144 453.6 Q F0(Display)26.41 +E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 465.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 477.6 Q +F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) +-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F1144 489.6 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 336 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 -.18 -(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E(alues.) --.25 E F1144 348 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 360 Q .3 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -372 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 384 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 396 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 -(Unbind all k)180 408 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) --2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 420 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) --.2 E F0(Remo)180 432 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H -(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1144 -444 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) -180 456 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G -(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-) -4.325 E(mand)180 468 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 -(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) -4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 --.18(re)180 480 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 -(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 -492 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 501.6 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F1144 513.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +525.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1144 537.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 549.6 Q +-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H +(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 561.6 Q F2(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 573.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 585.6 Q +F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 597.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 +-.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 +(.)A F1144 609.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 621.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 633.6 Q F0 1.764(is e) +4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 645.6 S(adline).18 E +F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 +657.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 504 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 669.6 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v) -144 520.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +144 686.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 537.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 -(Exit from within a)144 549.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +E F1(br)108 703.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 715.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.555 -E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 561.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 -(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -573.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(bu)108 590.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 602.4 Q .792 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 727.2 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 +Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(50)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 51 51 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(is 0 unless)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.5 E F0 +(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.2(bu) +108 100.8 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 112.8 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -614.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -626.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +124.8 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +136.8 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 638.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 667.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 148.8 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 177.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 679.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F2(sour)144 189.6 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 691.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.253(subroutine call.)144 201.6 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 715.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -4.513(0. The)144 727.2 R 2.013(return v)4.513 F 2.013 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.014 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)4.514 G(pr).2 E F0 2.014 -(does not)4.514 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(50) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(correspond to a v)144 84 Q(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 -E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(|[)A F1 -A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]]] [)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)A F0 -(])A .21(Change the current directory to)144 112.8 R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 -5.21(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 -E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21 +ent e)144 213.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 225.6 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 237.6 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 249.6 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F0(|[)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(]]] [)A F1(dir)A F0(]) +A .21(Change the current directory to)144 278.4 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21 +(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E +F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21 (he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.776(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 124.8 R -F2(dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 -H .777(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F0 .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 136.8 R 3.264(An)5.764 G +.777(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 290.4 R +F1(dir)3.276 E F0 5.776(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.776 E 1.076 -.15(ve d)-.25 +H .776(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.276 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E +F0 .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 302.4 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F3(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 148.8 -Q 2.973(,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C -5.473(.I).74 G(f)-5.473 E F2(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 +.855 E F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 314.4 +Q 2.974(,i)-.65 G .474(.e., `)-2.974 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C +5.474(.I).74 G(f)-5.474 E F1(dir)3.324 E F0(be)3.704 E .474 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F12.974 E F0 .474 -(option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 160.8 R .58 +.855 E F0 .473(is not used. The)2.724 F F22.973 E F0 .473 +(option says to use)2.973 F .579(the ph)144 326.4 R .579 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 -(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F13.079 E F0 .579 -(option to the)3.079 F F1(set)144 172.8 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.716 G .216 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F12.716 E F0 .216 -(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.716 F 2.717(wed. If)-.25 F -(the)2.717 E F12.717 E F0 .217(option is sup-)2.717 F 1.087 -(plied with)144 184.8 R F13.587 E F0 3.587(,a)C 1.087 -(nd the current w)-3.587 F 1.086 +(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F23.08 E F0 .58 +(option to the)3.08 F F2(set)144 338.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.717 G .217 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F22.717 E F0 .217 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.717 F 2.716(wed. If)-.25 F +(the)2.716 E F22.716 E F0 .216(option is sup-)2.716 F 1.086 +(plied with)144 350.4 R F23.586 E F0 3.586(,a)C 1.086 +(nd the current w)-3.586 F 1.087 (orking directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-)-.1 F -.44(cessful directory change,)144 196.8 R F1(cd)2.94 E F0 .44 +.44(cessful directory change,)144 362.4 R F2(cd)2.94 E F0 .44 (will return an unsuccessful status.)2.94 F .44(An ar)5.44 F .44 -(gument of)-.18 F F12.94 E F0 .44(is equi)2.94 F -.25(va)-.25 G .44 -(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)144 208.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.045 -(If a non-empty directory name from)5.545 F F3(CDP)3.545 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.044(is used, or if)3.295 F F13.544 E F0 1.044 -(is the \214rst ar)3.544 F(gument,)-.18 E .021(and the directory change\ - is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 220.8 R 2.522(ww) --.25 G .022(orking directory is writ-)-2.622 F .165 -(ten to the standard output.)144 232.8 R .165(The return v)5.165 F .165 +(gument of)-.18 F F22.94 E F0 .44(is equi)2.94 F -.25(va)-.25 G .44 +(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)144 374.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.044 +(If a non-empty directory name from)5.544 F F3(CDP)3.544 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.045(is used, or if)3.295 F F23.545 E F0 1.045 +(is the \214rst ar)3.545 F(gument,)-.18 E .021(and the directory change\ + is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 386.4 R 2.521(ww) +-.25 G .021(orking directory is writ-)-2.621 F .165 +(ten to the standard output.)144 398.4 R .165(The return v)5.165 F .165 (alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F .165(as successfully changed; f) --.1 F(alse)-.1 E(otherwise.)144 244.8 Q F1(command)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Run)144 273.6 Q F2(command)2.956 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar) +-.1 F(alse)-.1 E(otherwise.)144 410.4 Q F2(command)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Run)144 439.2 Q F1(command)2.957 E F0(with)3.527 E F1(ar) 3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 -(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 285.6 R F3 --.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 -(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is) -3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 297.6 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399 -(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 451.2 R F3 +-.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 +(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E F0(is) +3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 463.2 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 309.6 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 321.6 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F .61 -(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F F1 -144 333.6 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 345.6 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 357.6 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 369.6 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 398.4 R -F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 410.4 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 422.4 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F -F13.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F13.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) +5.399 E .174(either the)144 475.2 R F22.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F22.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.11(as)144 487.2 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F +.61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F +F2144 499.2 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 511.2 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 +(command)144.2 523.2 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 535.2 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 +(compgen)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 564 R F1 +(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 E +F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 576 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 588 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F +F23.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F23.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 -F(grammable completion f)144 434.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) --.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) --.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 458.4 R .352 +F(grammable completion f)144 600 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 624 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -470.4 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 482.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 506.4 Q +636 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 +F(those completions matching)144 648 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 672 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 -(complete)108 523.2 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F1-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E -F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1 --3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -535.2 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 547.2 Q -F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 -559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.634(Specify ho)144 571.2 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 -(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 -F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 E F0 .633 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 -583.2 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) -144 595.2 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2 -(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E -F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 607.2 R(The)6.347 E -F13.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 619.2 R(`def)-.74 E -(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -631.2 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 643.2 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 655.2 Q 1.437 -(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -679.2 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -691.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 715.2 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 3.055 -(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 2.741(options \(and, if necessary) -144 727.2 R 5.241(,t)-.65 G(he)-5.241 E F15.241 E F0(and)5.241 E -F15.241 E F0 2.742 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from)5.241 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(51)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 +(complete)108 688.8 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C +F2-3.728 E F1(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E +F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2 +-3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2-3.729 E F1(wor)3.729 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2-3.729 E F1(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +700.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 712.8 Q +F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(51)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S(pansion before the).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 -G(d.).1 E F1144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0 -(The)184 108 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha) --2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F -(generation of completions.)184 120 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0 -(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 132 Q F0 .281 -(Perform the rest of the def)224 144 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 -.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 156 Q -F1(default)184 168 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) --5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) --.1 F(matches.)224 180 Q F1(dir)184 192 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ -tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 204 Q F1 -(\214lenames)184 216 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 228 S .137(ll readline that the co\ -mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 -G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 240 R 2.634 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete \255pr)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.633(Specify ho)144 96 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F13.134 E F0 .634 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 +108 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F +.139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) +144 120 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2 +(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E +F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 132 R(The)6.347 E F1 +3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 +F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E +3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F +3.455(ac)144 156 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F +.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 168 R(`empty') +-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 180 Q 1.438 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 +204 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 216 Q +.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 240 R .855 -.15(ve t) +-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 +3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 252 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 264 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 276 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 288 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') +.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 300 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 312 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 324 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 336 Q +F1(default)184 348 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef) +-5.375 E 2.876(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) +-.1 F(matches.)224 360 Q F1(dir)184 372 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ +tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 384 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 408 S .137(ll readline that the co\ +mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 +G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 420 R 2.634 (ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F -.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 252 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 264 Q F1(nospace) -184 276 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 +.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 432 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 444 Q F1(nospace) +184 456 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 (ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F -.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 288 Q F1(plusdirs) -184 300 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 468 Q F1(plusdirs) +184 480 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 312 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 324 -Q F1144 336 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 348 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 492 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 504 +Q F1144 516 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 528 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -360 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 372 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 384 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 396 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 408 S(iltin).2 E F0 +540 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 552 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 564 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 576 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G +2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 588 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 420 -Q F0(Command names.)224 432 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 444 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 456 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 468 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 480 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -492 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -504 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 600 +Q F0(Command names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 624 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 636 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 648 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 660 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +672 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +684 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -516 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(function)184 528 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 540 Q F1 -(gr)184 552 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -564 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 576 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 588 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 600 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 612 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 624 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 636 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -648 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 660 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 672 Q -F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E -F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 684 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 696 Q F0 -(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 708 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) -.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(52)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +696 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(52)198.165 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(user)184 84 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 96 S +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(function)184 84 Q F0 +(Names of shell functions.)224 96 Q F1(gr)184 108 Q(oup)-.18 E F0 +(Group names.)14.62 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.) +A F1(helptopic)184 120 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 132 Q F1 +(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 144 Q F0 +(Hostnames, as tak)224 156 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(job)184 168 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +-.1(ke)184 180 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 192 Q(ed w)-.15 E +2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(running)184 204 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 216 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.) +10.67 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt) +184 228 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.) +.2 E F1(shopt)184 240 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E +F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 252 Q F0 +(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 264 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) +.15 E F1(user)184 276 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 108 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 120 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 300 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 312 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 132 Q F1144 144 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181 -(The shell function)184 156 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68 -(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932 -(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 -180 S(riable.).25 E F1144 192 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 -(The pathname e)184 204 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 216 Q F1144 228 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 240 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +184 324 Q F1144 336 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 +(The shell function)184 348 R F3(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 +(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 +(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2 +(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 372 S(riable.) +.25 E F1144 384 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 396 +R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q +F1144 420 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 252 Q F1144 264 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F1144 456 Q F3(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 276 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 288 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 -(each resultant w)184 300 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 312 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1144 324 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 336 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 348 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 360 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 372 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 388.8 R .466 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 468 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 480 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 +(each resultant w)184 492 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F +(resultant list which match the w)184 504 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1144 516 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 528 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 540 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 552 Q F3(\214lterpat) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 564 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 580.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 400.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 412.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 592.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 604.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 441.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 453.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 465.6 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 477.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F1(compopt)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 633.6 R +F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 645.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 657.6 Q F3(name) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 669.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 489.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 681.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 501.6 R 2.178 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F14.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 513.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 693.6 R 2.177 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F14.677 E F0 2.178 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) +144 705.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 537.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +E 1.388(The return v)144 729.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 549.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 566.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 578.4 R 1.754 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 590.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 -/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 602.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 614.4 Q F1(declar)108 631.2 -Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 655.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) -3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 667.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 679.2 Q F2(name)3.579 E -F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F -(When)6.079 E F13.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2 -(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151 -(ments, it will display the attrib)144 691.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F -.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib) --.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 -703.2 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F12.547 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib) -2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 715.2 S 1.363 -(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.863 E F0 -1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The) -6.362 E F13.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\ -n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 727.2 R 2.423 -(utes are)-.2 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(53)197.335 -E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(53)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 2.664(printed. If)144 84 R(the)2.664 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F -F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163 -(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.288 -(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 96 R(The) -6.288 E F13.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F13.788 E -F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F13.789 E F0(option)3.789 E .491 -(forces v)144 108 R .491 +-.35 E(options for a)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 +(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 +112.8 R 1.753(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) +.25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) +-4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.614 E F0 +1.754(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)3.709 +E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 +10/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar)108 165.6 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2 +(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 201.6 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F23.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F2 +3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1(name)3.58 E F0 +(ar)3.58 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) +6.079 E F23.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F1(name) +3.579 E F0(ar)3.579 E(gu-)-.18 E .15(ments, it will display the attrib) +144 225.6 R .15(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .151 +(ariables ha)-.25 F .151(ving the attrib)-.2 F .151 +(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .047(additional options.)144 237.6 R .047 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.047 F F22.547 E F0(,)A F2 +(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .046(will display the attrib)2.546 F .046 +(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 249.6 S 1.362(lues of all shell v).25 F +3.862(ariables. The)-.25 F F23.862 E F0 1.363 +(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.862 F(The)6.363 +E F23.863 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ +\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 261.6 R 2.422 +(utes are)-.2 F 2.663(printed. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.663 E F2(extdeb) +2.663 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.663 F F2(shopt) +2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .164(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 +F 1.288(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 285.6 +R(The)6.288 E F23.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F2 +3.788 E F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F23.788 E F0(option)3.788 E .49 +(forces v)144 297.6 R .49 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.99(nw).15 G(hen)-2.99 E F1(declar)2.99 E(e)-.18 E F0 .49 -(is e)2.99 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .49(cuted in a).15 F .124(shell function.) -144 120 R .124(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.124 F .125(The follo) -5.125 F .125(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 F(to v)144 -132 Q(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1144 144 Q F0 -(Each)25.3 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 156 Q F0(Each)23.08 -E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 -E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1144 168 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 -144 180 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 -(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 192 Q F0(abo)2.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 204 Q F0 .909 -(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 -(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 216 R(upper) -2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 228 Q F0 -(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E -7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F -2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 240 -Q F1144 252 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 -(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E -2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 264 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 276 -Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 -(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 288 R(lo) -2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 -300 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 316.8 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 -(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -.645(to destro)144 328.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) --3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) -3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 -(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F .53(tion, mak)144 340.8 R -.53(es each)-.1 F F2(name)3.03 E F0 .53(local, as with the)3.03 F F1 -(local)3.031 E F0 .531(command, unless the)3.031 F F1 .531 -(\255gP option is supplied, If a)3.031 F -.1(va)144 352.8 S 1.558 -(riable name is f).1 F(ollo)-.25 E 1.558(wed by =)-.1 F F2(value)A F1 -4.058(,t)C 1.558(he v)-4.058 F 1.557(alue of the v)-.1 F 1.557 -(ariable is set to)-.1 F F2(value)4.057 E F1 6.557(.T)C 1.557(he r) --6.557 F(etur)-.18 E(n)-.15 E -.1(va)144 364.8 S 1.168 +(ve)-.25 G 2.991(nw).15 G(hen)-2.991 E F2(declar)2.991 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.491(is e)2.991 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .491(cuted in a).15 F .125 +(shell function.)144 309.6 R .125(It is ignored in all other cases.) +5.125 F .125(The follo)5.125 F .124 +(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 F(to v)144 321.6 Q +(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15 +(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F2144 333.6 Q F0 +(Each)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 +G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 345.6 Q F0(Each)23.08 E F1(name)2.5 E +F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see) +-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 +357.6 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F2144 369.6 Q +F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 +(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) +180 381.6 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G +(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E +F2144 393.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 405.6 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 417.6 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F1 +(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 429.6 Q +F2144 441.6 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1 +(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 453.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 +465.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F +.909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 477.6 R +(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2 +144 489.6 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 506.4 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 +(to destro)144 518.4 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F .531(tion, mak)144 530.4 R +.531(es each)-.1 F F1(name)3.031 E F0 .531(local, as with the)3.031 F F2 +(local)3.031 E F0 .531(command, unless the)3.031 F F2 .53 +(\255gP option is supplied, If a)3.03 F -.1(va)144 542.4 S 1.557 +(riable name is f).1 F(ollo)-.25 E 1.557(wed by =)-.1 F F1(value)A F2 +4.057(,t)C 1.557(he v)-4.057 F 1.558(alue of the v)-.1 F 1.558 +(ariable is set to)-.1 F F1(value)4.058 E F2 6.558(.T)C 1.558(he r) +-6.558 F(etur)-.18 E(n)-.15 E -.1(va)144 554.4 S 1.168 (lue is 0 unless an in).1 F -.1(va)-.4 G 1.168(lid option is encounter) .1 F 1.168(ed, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function)-.18 F(using) -144 376.8 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .312(\255f foo=bar)2.812 F F1 2.812(,a)C +144 566.4 Q/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .311(\255f foo=bar)2.811 F F2 2.812(,a)C 2.812(na)-2.812 G .312(ttempt is made to assign a v)-2.812 F .312 -(alue to a r)-.1 F .312(eadonly v)-.18 F .311(ariable, an attempt)-.1 F -.615(is made to assign a v)144 388.8 R .615(alue to an array v)-.1 F -.616(ariable without using the compound assignment syn-)-.1 F .26 -(tax \(see Arrays)144 400.8 R F0(abo)2.76 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(\), one of the).15 F F2(names)2.76 E F0 .259(is not a v)2.76 F .259 -(alid shell v)-.25 F .259(ariable name, an attempt is made to)-.25 F -.703(turn of)144 412.8 R 3.203(fr)-.25 G .704 -(eadonly status for a readonly v)-3.203 F .704 -(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.204(fa)-.25 G .704 -(rray status for an)-3.204 F(array v)144 424.8 Q +(alue to a r)-.1 F .312(eadonly v)-.18 F .312(ariable, an attempt)-.1 F +.616(is made to assign a v)144 578.4 R .615(alue to an array v)-.1 F +.615(ariable without using the compound assignment syn-)-.1 F .259 +(tax \(see Arrays)144 590.4 R F0(abo)2.759 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .259 +(\), one of the).15 F F1(names)2.759 E F0 .259(is not a v)2.759 F .26 +(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, an attempt is made to)-.25 F .704 +(turn of)144 602.4 R 3.204(fr)-.25 G .704 +(eadonly status for a readonly v)-3.204 F .704 +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.204(fa)-.25 G .703 +(rray status for an)-3.204 F(array v)144 614.4 Q (ariable, or an attempt is made to display a non-e)-.25 E -(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 441.6 -Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0 --.4(Wi)144 453.6 S .329 +(xistent function with)-.15 E F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [+)108 631.2 +Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0 +-.4(Wi)144 643.2 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 465.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 477.6 Q -F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 489.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 501.6 Q F1144 513.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 655.2 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 667.2 Q +F0(command; the)2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F2(+)144 679.2 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 691.2 Q F2144 703.2 Q F1 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 525.6 Q F1144 537.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 -144 549.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F -.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F -(tory)180 561.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 573.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1144 -585.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 -G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 597.6 Q .258(The return v)144 614.4 R .258 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 626.4 Q F1(diso)108 643.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 655.2 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec) -4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295 -(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 -F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .423(and neither) -144 667.2 R F12.923 E F0(nor)2.923 E F12.923 E F0 .423 -(is supplied, the shell')2.923 F 2.923(sn)-.55 G .423(otion of the) --2.923 F F2(curr)2.922 E .422(ent job)-.37 F F0 .422(is used.)2.922 F -.422(If the)5.422 F F12.922 E F0 .422(option is)2.922 F(gi)144 -679.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .14(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec)4.38 E F0 .14 -(is not remo)2.95 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df).15 G .141(rom the table, b) --2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141(ed so that)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)2.641 E -F0 .141(is not sent to the)2.391 F .005(job if the shell recei)144 691.2 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.004(If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004 -(is present, and neither the)2.814 F F12.504 E F0 .004(nor the) -2.504 F F12.504 E F0 .004(option is)2.504 F 1.228(supplied, the) -144 703.2 R F2(curr)3.728 E 1.228(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229(is used.)3.729 -F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229(is supplied, the)4.039 -F F13.729 E F0 1.229(option means to remo)3.729 F 1.529 -.15(ve o) --.15 H(r).15 E .657(mark all jobs; the)144 715.2 R F13.157 E F0 -.657(option without a)3.157 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0(ar)3.467 E .656 -(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)5.656 E -(return v)144 727.2 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(54)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(54)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(echo)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 -2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .394 -(Output the)144 96 R F2(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 +144 96 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory) +180 108 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 120 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1144 +132 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 +G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 144 Q .257(The return v)144 160.8 R .258 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.758 E F0 +(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258 +(ond the end of the direc-).15 F(tory stack.)144 172.8 Q F1(diso)108 +189.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 201.6 S .295 +(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 +-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295 +(is not present,)3.105 F .422(and neither)144 213.6 R F12.922 E F0 +(nor)2.922 E F12.922 E F0 .422(is supplied, the shell')2.922 F +2.922(sn)-.55 G .422(otion of the)-2.922 F F2(curr)2.923 E .423(ent job) +-.37 F F0 .423(is used.)2.923 F .423(If the)5.423 F F12.923 E F0 +.423(option is)2.923 F(gi)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(n, each).15 F +F2(jobspec)4.381 E F0 .141(is not remo)2.951 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df) +.15 G .141(rom the table, b)-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141 +(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.641 E F0 .14 +(is not sent to the)2.39 F .004(job if the shell recei)144 237.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .004 +(If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the) +2.814 F F12.504 E F0 .005(nor the)2.504 F F12.505 E F0 .005 +(option is)2.505 F 1.229(supplied, the)144 249.6 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229 +(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229(is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2 +(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229(is supplied, the)4.039 F F13.729 E F0 +1.228(option means to remo)3.729 F 1.528 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .656 +(mark all jobs; the)144 261.6 R F13.156 E F0 .657 +(option without a)3.156 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0(ar)3.467 E .657 +(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)5.657 E +(return v)144 273.6 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 290.4 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E +.395(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 -(wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395 -(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F12.895 E F0 .549 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 108 R .548(wline is suppressed.) +(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 +(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F12.894 E F0 .548 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 314.4 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F13.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 120 Q -.052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1 -2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553 -F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G -4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 -(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002 -E F0(shell)4.002 E .009 -(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 144 R F1 -(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 F -.66(by def)144 156 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 -(does not interpret)3.16 F F13.16 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 -(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 168 Q F1 -(\\a)144 180 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 192 Q F0(backspace) -27.66 E F1(\\c)144 204 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)144 -216 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 228 Q F0(form feed)29.89 -E F1(\\n)144 240 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 252 -Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 264 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E -F1(\\v)144 276 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 288 Q -F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 300 Q F2(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 312 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 324 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 336 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 348 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 360 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 372 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 384 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 400.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 412.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 326.4 Q +.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 +2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 +F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G +4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 +(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 +E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 +(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 350.4 R +F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters) +.15 F .659(by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 +(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 +(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 374.4 Q +F1(\\a)144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 +(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E +F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1 +(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E +2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E +F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15 +(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 +(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 424.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 436.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 -(abled; otherwise,)144 448.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 460.8 R -.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 472.8 S 1.525 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .081(uiltin v) +-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) +2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 484.8 Q F1 -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 496.8 R F1 -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1 +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 715.2 R F1 +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -508.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 520.8 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 532.8 R F12.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 544.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 -556.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 573.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 585.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21) +148.175 E(55)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 56 56 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 1.916(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The) +.2 F .378(return v)2.878 F(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 +(name)3.854 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994 +(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995 +(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 +136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 +Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 609.6 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 626.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 638.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 650.4 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 213.6 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 662.4 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 674.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 686.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 698.4 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F -.318(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .317 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .617 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .317(hell e).15 F +.317(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .318 (is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505 -(ure. An)144 710.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 +(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 (hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 722.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 -(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 285.6 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 +(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12) -147.345 E(55)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(error)144 84 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(exit)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A -F0 6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 112.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 141.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 153.6 R +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 367.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 165.6 R(the)2.626 E F1 -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.627 E F1 +2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F1144 177.6 Q F0 .66 -(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659 -(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F13.159 E F0 -(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 189.6 R 1.586 +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 +(n, or if the).15 F F1144 391.2 Q F0 .659 +(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.159 F .66 +(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F13.16 E F0 +(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 403.2 R 1.587 (xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 (rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G -1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 201.6 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v) +1.586(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.586(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 415.2 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v) -.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293 -(option is encountered, one of the)144 213.6 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 +(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294 +(option is encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 (is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 -225.6 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 242.4 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +F F12.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 +439.2 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 266.4 R .478 -(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F2<8c72>4.888 E -(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .477 -(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 278.4 R F2 -.45 -(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F2(last)3.471 E F0 .882 +468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .477(Fix Command.)144 480 R .478 +(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F2<8c72>4.888 E +(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .478 +(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .882(tory list.)144 492 R F2 -.45(Fi) +5.882 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.062 E F2(last)3.472 E F0 .882 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F -.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 -290.4 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an) -.15 F(of)144 302.4 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F -(If)5.276 E F2(last)2.866 E F0 .277 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093 -(for listing \(so that)144 314.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 +.881(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 +504 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an) +.15 F(of)144 516 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F +(If)5.277 E F2(last)2.867 E F0 .276 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092 +(for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 (fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) 2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F -(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 326.4 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 350.4 -Q F12.522 E F0 .022 +4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093(is not)3.273 F +(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 540 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q +F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 362.4 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 374.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 -(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 386.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 398.4 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 410.4 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 434.4 R F2 -(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.539 E F0 .039 -(is replaced by)2.539 F F2 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful) --2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 446.4 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s') -2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 -6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F -.407(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 458.4 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 -E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 482.4 R .142 +.335(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 600 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 +-.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F +F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 612 R .951 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 +(command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by) +2.54 F F2 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406 +(alias to use with this is)144 660 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 +2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 6.406(rc)2.906 +G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with) +-.15 F F4(cc)144 672 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 696 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 494.4 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 506.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 708 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 -(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 530.4 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 559.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 -(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 571.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 583.2 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 595.2 Q -F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec) -4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 -(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 612 Q F2 -(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 -624 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 636 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 648 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 -(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 660 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 672 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 3.297 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G -.796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 684 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)2.585 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 696 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 708 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 -.803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 720 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 -(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(56)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.788(If the)5.788 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(56) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(is to be used.)144 84 Q 2.043 -(When the end of options is encountered,)144 108 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F -2.044(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 120 -Q F0(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 144 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) -.27 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 -180 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 -(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F3(optstring) -3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F3(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E -1.264(reporting is used.)144 192 R 1.263 +-.35 E 1.136 +(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 +84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 96 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E +F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 124.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413 +(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 +(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 +(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 136.8 Q +3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job) +-.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 148.8 Q +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 160.8 Q +F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) +4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 +(as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 177.6 Q F1 +(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 +189.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 201.6 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 213.6 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 225.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 237.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 249.6 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 261.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 273.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 285.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 297.6 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 321.6 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 333.6 Q F0 +(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 357.6 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 +369.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 393.6 Q F0 1.166 +(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.263 +(reporting is used.)144 405.6 R 1.263 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 204 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F3(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 240 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F3(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 252 R F2(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F2(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 264 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 288 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F3(name)144 300 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F1 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 312 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F2(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 336 Q F0 .902 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +417.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 429.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 453.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +465.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 477.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +501.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 513.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 525.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 +(getopts)144 549.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 348 Q F1(hash)108 364.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 376.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F3(name) +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 561.6 Q F2(hash)108 +578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +.858(Each time)144 590.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 388.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 602.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .098(If the)144 400.8 -R F12.598 E F0 .098 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.598 F F3 -(\214lename)4.509 E F0 .099(is used as the full \214le name)2.779 F -1.712(of the command.)144 412.8 R(The)6.712 E F14.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F14.211 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 424.8 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F13.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 436.8 R F3(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F3(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -448.8 R F13.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F3(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .099(If the)144 614.4 +R F22.599 E F0 .099 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.599 F F1 +(\214lename)4.508 E F0 .098(is used as the full \214le name)2.778 F +1.711(of the command.)144 626.4 R(The)6.711 E F24.211 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F24.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 638.4 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F23.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 650.4 R F1(name) +3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F +F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +662.4 R F23.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -460.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 472.8 Q F12.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 484.8 Q F3(name)2.86 +674.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 686.4 Q F22.822 E F0 .322 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 698.4 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 -513.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F3(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -525.6 R F3(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 537.6 Q F1 -144 549.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F3 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 561.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -21.97 E F3(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) --2.5 E F1144 573.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F3(pattern)2.5 E -F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 585.6 Q F3 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 602.4 Q F3(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 614.4 Q(history \255d)108 626.4 Q F3(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\214lename)A F0(])A -F1(history \255p)108 650.4 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 662.4 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -674.4 S .752 -(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 686.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.881 E(MA)144 698.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F3 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 710.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G -3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 -(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 722.4 R(If)5.176 E F3(\214lename) -2.676 E F0 .176 -(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(57)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(57)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(not, the v)144 84 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE) -2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 -Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F2 -144 108 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 120 Q F3(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E -F0(.)A F2144 132 Q F0 .598(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 -E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 -(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 -(ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)180 144 Q F0 -(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F2144 156 Q F0 .854(Read \ -the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\ -rent history list.)24.74 F .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 168 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 180 Q F2144 192 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F2144 -204 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) --2.5 E F2144 216 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F3(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 228 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F3(ar) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 +2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866 +(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 +F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) +3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E +.307(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807 +(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1 +144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each) +21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) +-2.5 E F1144 156 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E +F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 168 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 184.8 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 196.8 Q(history \255d)108 208.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A +F1(history \255p)108 232.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 244.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +256.8 S .752 +(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 268.8 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 280.8 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 292.8 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 +(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 +(time stamp and the history line.)144 304.8 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +2.676 E F0 .176 +(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F +(not, the v)144 316.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 328.8 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1144 +340.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) +180 352.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1144 364.8 Q F0 .599 +(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598 +(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.099 F .598 +(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 376.8 Q F0 +(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1144 388.8 Q F0 .854(Rea\ +d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\ +urrent history list.)24.74 F .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 400.8 R +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +(sion.)180 412.8 Q F1144 424.8 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1 +144 436.8 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 448.8 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +2.975(output. Does)180 460.8 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2144 252 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)26.41 F F3(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 264 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F3(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 280.8 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(normal history e)180 472.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 484.8 Q F0 +.362(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 496.8 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 513.6 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 292.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 304.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 316.8 R .416 -(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 525.6 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 537.6 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .415 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 549.6 R .416 +(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .416 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 328.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F3(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) -3 E(supplied as an ar)144 340.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F22.5 E F0 2.5 -(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 -E(gument to)-.18 E F22.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 -357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 -E F2(jobs \255x)108 369.6 Q F3(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)2.5 E(gs) --.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 381.6 Q .3 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 393.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F2 -144 405.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F -.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 417.6 Q F2144 -429.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 441.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F2144 453.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 470.4 Q F3(jobspec) -4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 482.4 Q -.25 +, an in)144 561.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 573.6 Q(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E +F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 602.4 Q F2(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 626.4 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 +144 638.4 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F +.194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 650.4 Q F1144 +662.4 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 674.4 Q F0 +(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1144 686.4 Q F0 +(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 703.2 Q F2(jobspec) +4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 715.2 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F3(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 499.2 R F2 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F3(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F3(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F3(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 511.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F3(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F3(ar) -2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F2(kill)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 -2.5 E F3(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F3(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F3(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 -(kill \255l)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 552 R F3 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F3(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F3(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F3 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F3(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 564 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F1(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F1(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 576 Q F3(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F3(sigspec) -4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F1(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 588 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F -F23.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 -F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F23.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 600 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F3 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 612 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F2 -2.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 624 R -F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F -(occurs or an in)144 636 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 -E F2(let)108 652.8 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Each)144 664.8 Q F3(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 -(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.196(luated \(see).25 F F1 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 -(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F -(the last)144 676.8 Q F3(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G -(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) -2.5 E F2(local)108 693.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name) --2.5 E F0([=)A F3(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 705.6 S -2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 -(ariable named)-.25 F F3(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) -2.74 F F3(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F3(option)2.56 E F0 -.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 717.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 -(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -729.6 Q F3(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 -(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q -(2010 June 12)147.345 E(58)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(58)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)144 84 Q F0 1.165 -(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 +-.35 E .394(If the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.894 E F0 .394 +(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F +(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)3.204 +F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 96 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)2.5 E +(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F1 +(kill)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 +G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 136.8 R F2 +(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 148.8 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 160.8 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 172.8 Q .522(gument of)-.18 +F F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) +5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 184.8 +R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 196.8 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F12.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 208.8 +R F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F +.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F +(occurs or an in)144 220.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.) +.25 E F1(let)108 237.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 249.6 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196 +(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 +(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F +(the last)144 261.6 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G +(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) +2.5 E F1(local)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) +-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 290.4 S +2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 +(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) +2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 +.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 302.4 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 +314.4 Q F2(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +-.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 326.4 Q F0 1.164 +(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) -6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 -(within a function.)144 96 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 F -F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E -(supplied, or)144 108 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.) --.25 E F1(logout)108 124.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le) -108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 -E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 -153.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E -F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 -(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 165.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) --2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 177.6 R F13.748 E F0 -1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E -F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 -F(ha)144 189.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E -F1144 201.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E -F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 213.6 Q F0(Be)22.52 E -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 225.6 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 237.6 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E -(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 261.6 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E +6.165 F F1(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233 +(within a function.)144 338.4 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233 +F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144 +350.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(logout)108 367.2 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 384 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 396 S +(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.851 E(ay) +-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351(rom \214le descriptor) +-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 420 R F13.749 E F0 +1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 432 +Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 +444 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 +E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.) +2.5 E F1144 456 Q F0(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr) +2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 +G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1 +144 468 Q F0(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 +(lines read.)2.5 E F1144 480 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 +H(railing ne).15 E(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 492 Q +F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 504 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E (aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 273.6 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 290.4 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 516 Q +F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 532.8 Q F12.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 302.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15 -G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 314.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 326.4 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 544.8 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 556.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 568.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 585.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 602.4 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 614.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -412.8 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F1144 436.8 Q F0 .551 +F1(popd)108 631.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G +.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 +G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +655.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 667.2 Q F1144 679.2 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F1(+)144 460.8 Q F2(n)A +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 691.2 Q F1(+)144 703.2 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +715.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 484.8 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(59)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 60 60 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 +96 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -513.6 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1 -(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) -3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 525.6 R .416 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 +112.8 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 124.8 R .415 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 -E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 578.4 R(ariable) +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 136.8 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 177.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 590.4 Q(The)144 614.4 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 189.6 Q(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 626.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 638.4 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 650.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 662.4 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 674.4 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 237.6 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 249.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 261.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 273.6 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 686.4 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c) +5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 285.6 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c) 3.108 E F0 .608(terminates output, backslashes in)3.108 F F1<5c08>3.108 E F0(,)A F1(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F1(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608 (are not remo)3.108 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .608(d, and octal).15 F(escapes be) -180 698.4 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F1(\\0)2.5 E F0 -(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F1(%q)144 710.4 Q F0(causes) +180 297.6 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F1(\\0)2.5 E F0 +(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F1(%q)144 309.6 Q F0(causes) 20.44 E F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2 (ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell) -2.51 F(input.)180 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E -(59)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 60 60 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 96 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 108 R F2 +2.51 F(input.)180 321.6 Q F1(%\()144 333.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 +(causes)180 345.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 357.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -120 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +369.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F .458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 132 Q(as in) --.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 148.8 Q .463(guments to n\ -on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 160.8 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 381.6 Q(as in) +-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 398.4 Q .464(guments to n\ +on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 410.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 172.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 189.6 Q F2(format)3.423 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 422.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 439.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 201.6 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 451.2 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 213.6 Q(The return v)5 E +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 463.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 230.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 242.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 254.4 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 266.4 R 1.316 -(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 -(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 -(irectories and)-3.815 F .871 -(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 278.4 R 5.871(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 290.4 Q -F1144 302.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\ -hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F -(only the stack is manipulated.)180 314.4 Q F1(+)144 326.4 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)180 338.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 350.4 Q F2(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ +tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 504 R 3.139(wt)-.25 +G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 516 R 1.315 +(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315 +(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316 +(irectories and)-3.816 F .872 +(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 528 R 5.871(.A)-.65 +G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15(ve t) +-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 540 Q F1 +144 552 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory when \ +adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F +(only the stack is manipulated.)180 564 Q F1(+)144 576 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268 +(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)180 588 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1144 600 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 +F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 362.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 374.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0 +F F1(dirs)180 612 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E F2(dir)144.35 624 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 391.2 -R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs) -2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489 -(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 403.2 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G -3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 -1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 -415.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ -ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F -(speci\214ed ne)144 427.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E -(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 444 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 456 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -468 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 -(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) -144 480 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 492 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 504 Q F1 -.18(re)108 520.8 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(aname) -3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 --3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2 -(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc) -3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 532.8 Q F2(name)A F0 -(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ -\214le descriptor)144 544.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 556.8 Q F12.538 E F0 .038 -(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) --.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039 -(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42 -(and so on, with lefto)144 568.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 -(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 +G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 640.8 +R F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs) +2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 +(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 652.8 R F2(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G +3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 +1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 664.8 +R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ +s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 +676.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 +693.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 705.6 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +717.6 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 729.6 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E +(60)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 61 61 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name o\ +f the current directory or an in)144 84 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E +(option is supplied.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 112.8 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2 +(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 +3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E +F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A +([)108 124.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ +tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 136.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 148.8 Q +F12.539 E F0 .039(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038 +(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G +.038(he second w)-2.538 F .038(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E +F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw) +.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 580.8 R .54(wer w)-.25 -F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ -are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 592.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 -(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 172.8 R .541(wer w) +-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ +ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 184.8 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F +.011(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 -(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 -(be used to remo)144 604.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H -1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 +(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891 +(be used to remo)144 196.8 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15 +H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F -(Options, if supplied, ha)144 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 628.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 640.8 R 1.049 +(Options, if supplied, ha)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 220.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 232.8 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 652.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 664.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 676.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 +(aname)180.33 244.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 256.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 268.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1144 688.8 Q F0 .372 +F1144 280.8 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 700.8 R .218 +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 +(to obtain the line.)180 292.8 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(60)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(te) -2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 96 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 108 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 -(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 -(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 132 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 -E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 144 -Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 156 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269 -(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 192 Q F1144 204 Q -F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E -F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 +(acti)180 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E +F1144 316.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716 +G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te) +2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E +.215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 328.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 +340.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 352.8 S(ad).18 E +F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E +F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395 +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 364.8 Q +(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 376.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 388.8 S +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 400.8 R F1 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 412.8 +R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 424.8 Q F1 +144 436.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 448.8 Q F2(pr)3.66 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) --.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +-.25 F(an)180 460.8 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 252 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +144 472.8 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 484.8 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1144 264 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E +-.25 E F1144 496.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 276 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 288 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G -(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 +144 508.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 520.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548 +G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048 (ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) -180 300 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997 -(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing) --.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 312 R .576(This option is only ef) +180 532.8 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997 +(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing) +-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 544.8 R .576(This option is only ef) 5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G -(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141 -(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 324 R .142 -(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E -F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E -F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113 -(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 348 Q +(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142 +(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 556.8 R .142 +(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E +F2(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F1 -.18(re)180 568.8 S(ad).18 E +F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.613 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114 +(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 580.8 Q (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 -E F1144 360 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) -14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 376.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 -.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable) --.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 388.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) +E F1144 592.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) +14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 609.6 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 +.192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191 +(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 621.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad) .18 E F0 1.343 -(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F -(128\), or an in)144 400.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F +(128\), or an in)144 633.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 417.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 650.4 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 +F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 662.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 (names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 (alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 441.6 R -1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 453.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 674.4 R +1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 686.4 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 465.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038 +-.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 698.4 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037 (rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1 -3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08 -(of all readonly names is printed.)144 477.6 R(The)5.08 E F12.58 E -F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F -1.177(be reused as input.)144 489.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176 +3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081 +(of all readonly names is printed.)144 710.4 R(The)5.081 E F12.581 +E F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581 +F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 722.4 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 501.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C -1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206 -(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206 -(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 513.6 S(lid shell v).25 E -(ariable name, or)-.25 E F12.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2 -(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 530.4 S -(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587 -(Causes a function to e)144 542.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F -.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 -E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 -(that of the last command e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 +3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.177(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.177 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E +(61)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)144 84 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C 1.206 +(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.206 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.205 +(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F1(names)4.065 E F0 1.205 +(is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 96 S(lid shell v).25 E(ariable name, or) +-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F1 +(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 112.8 S +(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .586 +(Causes a function to e)144 124.8 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F +.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F1(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 +E F1(n)3.447 E F0 .587(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 +(that of the last command e)144 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) -144 566.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() -5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 -(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 -(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 578.4 R F2(n)3.105 -E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 590.4 R .082 +144 148.8 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.294 E F0(\() +5.794 E F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 +(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 +(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 160.8 R F1(n)3.106 +E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 +(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 172.8 R .082 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 -(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081 -(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 602.4 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F -4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN) -4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e) +(cution of a script by).15 F F2(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082 +(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 184.8 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F +4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F2(RETURN) +4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e) .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) -144 614.4 Q F1(set)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 -E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 643.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 655.2 S -.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 667.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 679.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) -2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +144 196.8 Q F2(set)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 +E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F2(set)108 225.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 237.6 S +.835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F +.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 249.6 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 261.6 R F1 .447(posix mode) +2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 691.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 703.2 R 1.623 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 273.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 285.6 R 1.624 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 715.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(61)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 .539(Automatically mark v) -29.3 F .539 -(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 -(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 96 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E -F1144 108 Q F0 .132 +144 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F2($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +F2 2.5(... $)2.5 F F1(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 309.6 Q +F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 +(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F +.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 321.6 Q +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F2144 333.6 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 120 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 -H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 132 Q F0 .51 -(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pipeline)3.01 E -F0 .511(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .511(simple command) -3.011 F F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 144 Q F0 .872 -(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15 +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 345.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2144 357.6 Q F0 +.511(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F1(pipeline)3.011 E F0 .511 +(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F1 .51(simple command)3.01 F F0 +3.01(\), a)B F1(sub-)3.01 E(shell)184 369.6 Q F0 .872 +(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.372 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 -(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 156 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 381.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G -.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 168 R 1.468 -(shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 -(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 180 R -.569(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(until)3.069 E F0 --.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184 -192 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G .544 -(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044 E F0 -(or)3.044 E/F4 10/Symbol SF3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544 -(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 204 Q 1.23(wing the \214nal)-.25 F -F1(&&)3.73 E F0(or)3.73 E F43.73 E F0 3.73(,a)C 1.53 -.15(ny c) --3.73 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.231 -(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 216 Q 3.191(sr)-.55 G .691 -(eturn v)-3.191 F .691(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .691 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR) -3.19 E F0 3.19(,i)C 3.19(fs)-3.19 G .69(et, is e)-3.19 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.69(cuted before).15 F .686(the shell e)184 228 R 3.186(xits. This)-.15 -F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686 +.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.968(status. The)184 393.6 R 1.468 +(shell does not e)3.968 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 +(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .57(immediately follo)184 405.6 +R .57(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F2(until)3.07 E F0 -.1 +(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .569 +(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F2(elif)3.069 E F0(reserv) +184 417.6 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G +.544(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.044 +E F0(or)3.044 E/F4 10/Symbol SF3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544 +(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 429.6 Q 1.231(wing the \214nal)-.25 +F F2(&&)3.731 E F0(or)3.731 E F43.731 E F0 3.731(,a)C 1.531 -.15 +(ny c)-3.731 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.23 +(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 441.6 Q 3.19(sr)-.55 G .69 +(eturn v)-3.19 F .69(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .69 +(rted with).15 F F2(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F2(ERR) +3.191 E F0 3.191(,i)C 3.191(fs)-3.191 G .691(et, is e)-3.191 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .691(cuted before).15 F .687(the shell e)184 453.6 R 3.186 +(xits. This)-.15 F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F(viron-)-.4 E .068 -(ment separately \(see)184 240 R F3 .068(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.568 F -(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.318 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .068(\), and may cause).15 -F(subshells to e)184 252 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1144 264 Q F0 -(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 276 Q F0 2.238 -(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239 -(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739 -(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -144 300 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 +(ment separately \(see)184 465.6 R F3 .068(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.568 +F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.318 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .068(\), and may cause).15 +F(subshells to e)184 477.6 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F2144 489.6 Q F0 +(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2144 501.6 Q F0 +2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G +2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738 +(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 513.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2 +144 525.6 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 312 Q F1 -144 324 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 -(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F -.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 336 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .636 -(processes run in a)3.136 F .641 -(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 348 R .642 -(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 360 Q F1 -144 372 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -384 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1144 396 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 408 Q F2 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 -(allexport)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(braceexpand)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 456 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(emacs)184 468 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf) -13.9 F 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E -.95(when the shell is interacti)224 480 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G -.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 492 R(also af)2.5 E -(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 504 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 516 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 528 Q F0(Same as)224 540 Q F12.5 E F0(.) -A F1(hashall)184 552 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 576 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 588 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G -3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 600 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 612 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657 -(The ef)224 624 R 1.657(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F6 10 -/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 636 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0 -(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 648 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 -E F0(Same as)224 660 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 672 Q F0 -(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 684 Q(ber)-.1 E F0 -(Same as)224 696 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 708 Q F0(Same as) -11.12 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 -E(62)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 537.6 Q F2 +144 549.6 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149 +(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F +.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 561.6 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .637 +(processes run in a)3.136 F .642 +(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 573.6 R .641 +(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 585.6 Q F2 +144 597.6 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +609.6 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F2144 621.6 Q F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 633.6 Q F1 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 +(allexport)184 645.6 Q F0(Same as)224 657.6 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(braceexpand)184 669.6 Q F0(Same as)224 681.6 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(emacs)184 693.6 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) +-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting) +3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 717.6 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(62) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(noglob)184 84 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 96 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify) -184 108 Q F0(Same as)15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 120 Q F0 -(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 132 Q F0(Same as)6.67 -E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 144 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 156 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 168 -R 1.136 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(err)184 84 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.) +A F1(hashall)184 132 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 168 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G +3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 180 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 +192 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 204 R 1.656 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +216 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 228 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 252 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 264 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 288 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(noglob)184 300 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 +312 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 324 Q F0(Same as)15 E +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 336 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 348 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(ph)184 360 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(pipefail)184 372 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 384 R +1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 180 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 192 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 396 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 408 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 204 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 216 Q(vileged) --.1 E F0(Same as)224 228 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 240 S -(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 252 Q F0 -1.466(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965 -(ace. This)-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F -(interf)224 264 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0 -(.)A F1(xtrace)184 276 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 -294 Q F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2 -(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -306 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 318 Q F1 -144 330 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) --.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 342 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 354 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 366 R .38 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) --.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 378 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 390 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 420 Q +/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 432 Q(vileged) +-.1 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 456 S +(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 468 Q F0 +1.465(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.966 +(ace. This)-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F +(interf)224 480 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0 +(.)A F1(xtrace)184 492 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 +510 Q F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5 +(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +522 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 534 Q F1 +144 546 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 558 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 570 +S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 582 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 594 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 606 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 402 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G -.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 414 Q F1144 426 Q F0 +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 618 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 630 Q F1144 642 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 -E F1144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ +E F1144 654 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .043(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an) --.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 450 R 2.682 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 666 R 2.683 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 462 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 678 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -474 Q F1144 486 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) --.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 -(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) +690 Q F1144 702 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) +-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 714 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 +(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E -F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 510 R F1 --.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo) -3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 522 Q -(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 534 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 +F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 3.259(or arithmetic)184 726 R F1 +-.25(fo)5.759 G(r).25 E F0 3.26(command, display the e)5.759 F 3.26 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.26(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)5.76 E F3(,)A F0(follo)5.51 +E 3.26(wed by the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E +(63)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(command and its e)184 84 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E +(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +144 96 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 546 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 558 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 108 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 120 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 132 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 594 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) --2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1 -144 630 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 654 Q F0 1.164 +.15 F(tor)184 144 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 156 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on) +-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 180 Q F1 +144 192 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 204 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 216 Q F0 1.165 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 666 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 678 R(def)2.685 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821 +(that change the current w)184 228 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 240 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 690 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 252 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +264 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 -768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(63)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401 -(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 288 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 300 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) -.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1144 108 Q F0 1.944 +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 312 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 324 Q F0 1.945 (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g) --.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 120 R F1 -3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 -148.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 336 R F1 +3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 348 Q .425(The options are of)144 +364.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 376.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 388.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 400.8 Q F1(shift)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 429.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 441.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 453.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 465.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 477.6 Q F1(shopt)108 494.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 506.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 (alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ -ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 302.4 R(The) -144 314.4 Q F12.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ -d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options) -5.327 F(ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) --.25 E F1144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 -E F0(.)A F1144 350.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ +ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 518.4 R(The) +144 530.4 Q F12.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ +d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options) +5.328 F(ha)144 542.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) +-.25 E F1144 554.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 +E F0(.)A F1144 566.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 578.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 -(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .256 -(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256 +(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 590.4 R .255 +(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 -2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F -(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) -2.5 E F1144 398.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 +2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F +(all)180 602.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) +2.5 E F1144 614.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 (optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127 -(If either)144 415.2 R F12.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 +(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128 +(If either)144 631.2 R F12.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F12.628 E F0 .127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 -(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 -(are set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 -(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 -1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 439.2 Q(ault.) +(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023 +(are set or unset, respecti)144 643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023 +(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0 +1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 655.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -456 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 +672 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 514.8 Q F0 .199 +144 684 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 696 Q(The list of)144 712.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(64) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 65 65 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(autocd)144 84 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 526.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 96 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 538.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 550.8 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 108 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 120 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 562.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 574.8 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 132 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 144 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) -10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 586.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 598.8 R 4.352 -.65 -(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 +10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 156 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 168 R 4.352 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F -(the command proceeds.)184 610.8 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 622.8 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 634.8 R F1(bash)4.58 -E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 -(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 646.8 S(cute it.).15 E +(the command proceeds.)184 180 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 192 Q F0 2.079 +(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)4.579 E F0 2.079 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F 2.08 +(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 216 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 658.8 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 670.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 682.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 694.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 706.8 Q -.1(wa) --.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E -(64)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 65 65 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 84 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 -96 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G -.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G -.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 108 S(lues of).25 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 120 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1 -(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H -1.202(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F -(entry)184 132 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 144 Q -F0 .42(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F -.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the conditional command')184 168 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 -G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 180 Q F0 1.409 -(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F -1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F -(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 204 Q 2.5 -(s operators.)-2.5 E F1(compat40)144 216 Q F0 1.41 -(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 228 Q +F0 .449(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 252 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 264 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 276 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 288 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +300 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 312 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E +F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 +324 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa) +3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 +336 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 348 Q +F0 .419(If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 +F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) +-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the conditional command')184 372 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 +G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 384 Q F0 1.41 +(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.692 -(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 240 R 4.193 -(s operators and the)-4.193 F(ef)184 252 Q -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 264 Q F0 -1.232(@item compat41 If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.732 E F0 3.732(,w)C +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F +(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 408 Q 2.5 +(s operators.)-2.5 E F1(compat40)144 420 Q F0 1.409 +(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F +1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.693 +(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 444 R 4.192 +(s operators and the)-4.192 F(ef)184 456 Q +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 468 Q F0 +1.232(@item compat41 If set,)184 480 R F1(bash)3.732 E F0 3.732(,w)C 1.232(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-)-3.732 F -1.213(quoted parameter e)184 288 R 1.213 -(xpansion as a special character)-.15 F 6.213(.T)-.55 G 1.214 -(he single quotes must match \(an)-6.213 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)184 300 T -2.949(nn).25 G .448(umber\) and the characters between the single quote\ -s are considered quoted.)-2.949 F(This)5.448 E .062(is the beha)184 312 +1.214(quoted parameter e)184 492 R 1.214 +(xpansion as a special character)-.15 F 6.213(.T)-.55 G 1.213 +(he single quotes must match \(an)-6.213 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)184 504 T +2.948(nn).25 G .448(umber\) and the characters between the single quote\ +s are considered quoted.)-2.948 F(This)5.449 E .063(is the beha)184 516 R .062(vior of posix mode through v)-.2 F .062(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .062 -(The def)5.062 F .062(ault bash beha)-.1 F .063(vior remains as)-.2 F -(in pre)184 324 Q(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E F1(dirspell)144 336 Q -F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 +(The def)5.062 F .062(ault bash beha)-.1 F .062(vior remains as)-.2 F +(in pre)184 528 Q(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E F1(dirspell)144 540 Q +F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 348 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 360 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 552 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 564 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 372 Q F0 1.387 -(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 576 Q F0 1.386 +(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 384 Q +1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 588 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 396 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 408 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 420 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 432 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -(If set, beha)184 444 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 456 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.251 E -F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 468 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 480 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 600 Q F0 +.717(If set, aliases are e)184 612 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 +(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 624 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 636 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(If set, beha)184 648 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 660 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.25 E +F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 +G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 672 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 684 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 492 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 504 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 516 S .488 +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 696 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 708 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 720 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 528 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 --.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 540 Q -F2 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G -(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions) -3.154 F(abo)220 552 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 564 Q F0 1.359 +-.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(65)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 66 66 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sour)220 84 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 +(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)28.5 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 108 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 120 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 -576 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10 +132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) -184 588 Q F0 .805(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 600 -Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 +184 144 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 156 +Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) -2.5 E F1(extglob)144 612 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 +2.5 E F1(extglob)144 168 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 624 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 636 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 648 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 660 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 672 Q F0 -1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 684 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 696 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 708 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 180 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 192 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 204 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F3(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 216 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 228 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 240 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 252 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 264 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F 2.267(when performing w)184 720 R -2.267(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.767(ni).15 G 4.767(ft) --4.767 G 2.268(he ignored w)-4.767 F 2.268(ords are the only possible) --.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(65)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 66 66 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 5.039(completions. See)184 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.538 -(SHELL V)5.038 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)4.788 E 2.838 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -2.538(or a description of).15 F F1(FIGNORE)5.038 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0(This)7.038 E(option is enabled by def)184 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(globstar)144 108 Q F0 .178(If set, the pattern)5 F F3 -(**)2.678 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e)2.678 F .178(xpansion conte) --.15 F .179(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.298 -(more directories and subdirectories.)184 120 R 1.298 -(If the pattern is follo)6.298 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.797 E F0 -3.797(,o)C 1.297(nly directories)-3.797 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -132 Q F3(gnu_errfmt)144 144 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 156 Q F3(histappend)144 -168 Q F0 .676 +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 276 R .32 +(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 288 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 +F(enabled by def)184 300 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 312 Q F0 .179 +(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)2.679 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e) +2.678 F .178(xpansion conte)-.15 F .178 +(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.297 +(more directories and subdirectories.)184 324 R 1.298 +(If the pattern is follo)6.297 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.798 E F0 +3.798(,o)C 1.298(nly directories)-3.798 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +336 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 348 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 360 Q F1(histappend)144 +372 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -180 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 192 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F3(histr)144 204 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 216 R F3 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 228 Q F3(histv)144 240 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 252 R F3 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +384 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 396 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 408 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 432 Q F1(histv)144 444 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 456 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 264 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F3 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 276 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E -2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F3 -(hostcomplete)144 288 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 300 R F3 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F3(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -312 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F3(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F3(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F1(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 324 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F3(huponexit)144 336 Q F0(If set,) -184 348 Q F3(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F1(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 468 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 480 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 492 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 504 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +516 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 528 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 540 Q F0(If set,) +184 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F3(interacti)144 360 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 -.33(If set, allo)184 372 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 -(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 564 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.33(If set, allo)184 576 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 384 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F1(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 396 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F3(lithist)144 408 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F3 -(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) --3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 420 Q -(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F3 -(login_shell)144 432 Q F0 .486 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 588 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 600 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 612 Q F0 1.212 +(If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15 +G 1.212(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not)-3.712 F -.15 +(exe)184 624 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 636 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F +F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +(with embedded ne)184 648 Q +(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 +(login_shell)144 660 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -444 R F1(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 456 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F3(mailwar)144 468 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -480 R F3(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +672 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 684 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 696 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +708 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 492 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 -(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F3 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 504 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 516 R F3 -.18 -(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F3(bash)2.824 E -F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F1 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 528 Q F3 -(nocaseglob)144 540 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 552 R F3(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 564 S -(pansion \(see).15 E F3 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F3(nocasematch)144 576 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -588 R F3(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 600 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F3(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F3([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F3(nullglob)144 612 Q F0 -.854(If set,)184 624 R F3(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F3 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) --3.355 E -.15(ex)184 636 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F3(pr)144 648 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 660 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F3(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 672 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F3(pr)144 684 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 696 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 708 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 -G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F1(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 720 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 -Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(66)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.1(wa)184 720 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(66)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)144 84 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 -1.069 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 84 Q F0 .325 +(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) +2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 108 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 120 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 144 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 156 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +168 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +F(while e)184 180 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 192 Q F0 +.854(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 216 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 228 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 240 R .677(acilities \(see) +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 252 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 264 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 276 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 288 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) +-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 300 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 312 +S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 -108 Q 4.178(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678 -(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678 -(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe)184 120 -S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E F1 -(shift_v)144 132 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 144 R F1(shift) -3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +184 324 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 336 Q 4.178 +(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F +1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) +184 348 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E +F1(shift_v)144 360 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 372 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 156 Q F1(sour) -144 168 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 180 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 384 Q F1(sour) +144 396 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 408 R F1(sour)3.271 E (ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) -3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 192 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 204 Q F0(If set, the)184 216 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +184 420 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 432 Q F0(If set, the)184 444 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 228 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 240 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 252 R F12.523 E F0 .023 +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 480 R F12.523 E F0 .023 (option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 264 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 492 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E -F1(test)108 276 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 -288 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 +F1(test)108 504 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 +516 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G (pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 300 R 3.688 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 528 R 3.688 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.889(described abo)144 312 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +1.889(described abo)144 540 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 -(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 324 Q +(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 552 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 342 R .785 +E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 570 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 -(dence. The)144 354 R -.25(eva)2.5 G +(dence. The)144 582 R -.25(eva)2.5 G (luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 366 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G +(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 594 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G (ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() -144 378 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 +144 606 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 (his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 390 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 402 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 414 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 426 S(pr1).2 E -F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 438 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 618 Q F3 -.2(ex) +144 630 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 642 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 654 S(pr1).2 E +F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 666 S (ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 454.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 682.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 484.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 496.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 508.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 700.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 712.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(67)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 2.5(1a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 96 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 520.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 532.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 -F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 544.8 R .38 +E 2.5(2a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 +120 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C +.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 +F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 132 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 556.8 Q .553 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 568.8 Q +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +144 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 156 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 580.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 592.8 R .023 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 168 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 180 R .023 (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F -.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 604.8 Q -1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F -1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 -(using the \214rst and third ar)180 616.8 R .513(guments as operands.) --.18 F(The)5.513 E F13.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F13.013 E F0 -.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 -(binary operators when there are three ar)180 628.8 R 3.472(guments. If) +.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 192 Q 1.478 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F 1.477 +(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 +(using the \214rst and third ar)180 204 R .513(guments as operands.)-.18 +F(The)5.513 E F13.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F13.013 E F0 .513 +(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 +(binary operators when there are three ar)180 216 R 3.472(guments. If) -.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0 -3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 640.8 -R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 +3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 228 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 (gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18 -F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 652.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 +F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 240 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly) +-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875(gument is e) +-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 (he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) -180 664.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) --.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 676.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 -(If the \214rst ar)180 688.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 -2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 +180 252 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)-.15 +E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 264 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 +(If the \214rst ar)180 276 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885 +(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 (tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-) --.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 700.8 R 4.147 +-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 288 R 4.147 (guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 712.8 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(67)197.335 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 68 68 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 2.5(5o)144 84 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635 -(The e)180 96 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo) -180 108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(times)108 124.8 Q -F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and \ -for processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 -136.8 Q F1(trap)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .702(The command)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 300 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 312 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 324 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F +(abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 352.8 Q F0 1.229(Pri\ +nt the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processe\ +s run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 364.8 Q F1 +(trap)108 381.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.702(The command)144 393.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 (is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 (ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 177.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E +144 405.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 189.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 201.6 Q F0 .581 +.658(\(the v)144 417.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) +144.34 429.6 Q F0 .581 (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 (is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 213.6 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 225.6 R F13.36 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 441.6 R +F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 453.6 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 237.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 465.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 249.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +4.311(bers. Each)144 477.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648 -(If a)144 279.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 -1.648(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) -4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.) --.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 -291.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F -F2(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0 -(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 303.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e) -2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(names are case insensiti)144 489.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 507.6 R F4 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 519.6 Q +(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 531.6 Q F4 +(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 315.6 R F3 .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 543.6 R F2 .146 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 327.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 555.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 (iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 -(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 339.6 Q F2(ar) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 +(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 567.6 Q F4(ar) 3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 351.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 369.6 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is) -3.738 E F3(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 579.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 597.6 R F4(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is) +3.738 E F2(ERR)3.429 E F3(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F4(ar)3.759 E (g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero) --3.429 F -.15(ex)144 381.6 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F -1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 +-3.429 F -.15(ex)144 609.6 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F +1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F2(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 (trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008 (ailed com-)-.1 F .324 -(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 393.6 R .324 +(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 621.6 R .324 (wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 (ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144 -405.6 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F +633.6 R F4(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10 /Symbol SF3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628 -(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 417.6 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 +(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 645.6 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 (ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C (hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E (exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -435.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 447.6 R .662 +663.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 675.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 459.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 687.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -476.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 488.4 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) +704.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F4(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 716.4 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F4(name) 3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F1144 500.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 512.4 Q F0 .086 +F1144 728.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F4(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F4 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F4(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F4 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F4 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 +E(68)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144.36 84 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 524.4 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 536.4 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 548.4 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F13.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .112(search for each)144 560.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F12.613 E -F0(and)144 572.4 Q F12.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F -.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3 --.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F12.944 -E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 584.4 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 -(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the) -144 596.4 R F12.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F -.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548 -(consulted when using)144 608.4 R F13.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he) --5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .549 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 -(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 620.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 96 R .118(xit status of f) +-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type) +2.618 E F0 .855(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 +108 R .855(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name) +3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641 +(mand name, or nothing if)144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641 +(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 G .641(uld not return).1 F F1 +(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E F23.14 E F0 .64 +(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .112(search for each)144 132 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve) +-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1 +(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G +2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E F0 +(and)144 144 Q F22.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F .444 +(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 +-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .444(If the) +4.944 F F22.944 E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 156 R F2 +(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 +G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427 +(and functions, if and only if the)144 168 R F22.926 E F0 .426 +(option is not also used.)2.926 F .426 +(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548(consulted when using) +144 180 R F23.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)-5.548 E F23.048 E F0 +.549(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F2 +(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 192 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 637.2 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 649.2 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 208.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 220.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 661.2 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 +.943(that allo)144 232.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F23.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F23.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 673.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 244.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 685.2 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 256.8 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F22.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F22.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -697.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +268.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 709.2 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 280.8 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 721.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 292.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(68)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999 -(n. When).15 F .499(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 96 Q 2.5(alue. Other) --.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1144 108 -Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1144 120 Q F0 -(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1 -144 132 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1 -144 144 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G -(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 156 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1144 168 Q F0 -(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97 -E F1144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1 -144 192 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 204 Q F0 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 304.8 R F22.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 316.8 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 +144 328.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2144 +340.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E +F2144 352.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E +F2144 364.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) +-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 376.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2144 388.8 Q +F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) +26.97 E F2144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) +27.52 E F2144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 424.8 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 216 Q F0 .791(The \ -maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 436.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) 24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 -228 Q F1144 240 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -24.74 E F1144 264 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) -25.86 E F1144 276 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1144 -288 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1144 -300 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 312 Q F0 .47 +448.8 Q F2144 460.8 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2 +144 472.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2144 +484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2144 +496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2144 508.8 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2144 520.8 Q +F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 532.8 Q F0 .47 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 324 -Q F1144 336 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1 -144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 364.8 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F12.843 E F0 .343 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +544.8 Q F2144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E +F2144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 +585.6 Q F1(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343 +(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F22.843 E F0 .343 (option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi) -144 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F12.675 E F0 .175 +144 597.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F22.675 E F0 .175 (is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 388.8 -Q F12.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F12.516 E F0(,) -A F12.515 E F0(,)A F12.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F2 +2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 609.6 +Q F22.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F22.516 E F0(,) +A F22.515 E F0(,)A F22.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F2 2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E -3.787(ues. The)144 400.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F +3.787(ues. The)144 621.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -412.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 441.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +633.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F2(umask)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 662.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 453.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -465.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 +pted by)144 674.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +686.4 Q F1(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F22.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 477.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 698.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 489.6 Q F0 .552 +(he)-3.047 E F23.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F1 +(mode)144.38 710.4 Q F0 .552 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 501.6 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 518.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 530.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E -F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 542.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 722.4 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E(69)198.165 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 +2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q +1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)4.155 E F0 1.655 +(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E +F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 108 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 559.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 571.2 S 3.107 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 3.107 (re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E .907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 (ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F1144 583.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.607 F F1144 148.8 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F 2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1144 595.2 Q F0 .46 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1144 160.8 Q F0 .46 (is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459 (refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 607.2 R .902 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 172.8 R .902 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 (rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.903 E(an)144 619.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +(If)5.903 E(an)144 184.8 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)6.916 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) 6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3 (HISTCMD)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.665 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 -631.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81 +196.8 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272 (ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G 2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.773(ya)-.15 G .273(re subsequently) --2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 643.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +-2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 208.8 R -.15(ex)2.5 G (it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E -(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 672 S .288 +(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A +-.8(Wa)144 237.6 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F (Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 684 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 -(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w) --3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0 -(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722 +(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E +F2(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 (n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 (hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265 (nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 708 R .457 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 273.6 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 720 S +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 285.6 S (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(69)197.335 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 84 Q F0(If)108 96 Q -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name) -4.397 F F2(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F2 -4.397 E F0 1.896(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.896(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 108 R .945 +/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 302.4 Q F0(If)108 314.4 Q +F1(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 +E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.896 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 326.4 R .945 (restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 (vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E -(beha)108 120 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F2(bash) -2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E +(beha)108 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E (wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 -136.8 S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 -153.6 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 -G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G -(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 170.4 S -(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 -187.2 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 -(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 204 S .351 +355.2 S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 +372 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E +F4(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or) +2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 388.8 S +(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 +405.6 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 +(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G +(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 422.4 S .351 (pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351 -(gument to the)-.18 F F22.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F2 -(hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 216 Q 32.5 -<8369>108 232.8 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) --32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 249.6 S(arsing the v) +(gument to the)-.18 F F12.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F1 +(hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 434.4 Q +32.5<8369>108 451.2 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) +-32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 468 S(arsing the v) -32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E -(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 266.4 S(edirecting output usi\ +(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 484.8 S(edirecting output usi\ ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5 -<8375>108 283.2 S(sing the)-32.5 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +<8375>108 501.6 S(sing the)-32.5 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E 32.5<8361> -108 300 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F2 -2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F22.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 -(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 316.8 S -(sing the)-32.5 E F2(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +108 518.4 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E +F12.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 535.2 S +(sing the)-32.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E 32.5<8373> -108 333.6 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E -F2(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 350.4 -S(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F2(set +r) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A -(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 367.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +108 552 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 568.8 S +(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1(set +r) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A +(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 585.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 -(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 384 R -.15 +(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 602.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F F3 1.567(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0 -(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F2(rbash)108 396 Q F0(turns of)2.5 -E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 E -(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 -412.8 Q/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 424.8 Q(ence Manual)-.37 -E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F5 -(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 436.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E -(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F5(The Gnu History Libr)108 448.8 Q -(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E -F5 -.8(Po)108 460.8 S(rtable Oper).8 E -(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities) --.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)-2.5 E F5(sh)108 472.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F5(ksh)2.5 E -F0(\(1\),)A F5(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F5(emacs)108 484.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F5 -(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F5 -.37(re)108 496.8 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F1 -(FILES)72 513.6 Q F5(/bin/bash)109.666 525.6 Q F0(The)144 537.6 Q F2 -(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F5(/etc/pr)109.666 549.6 Q -(o\214le)-.45 E F0(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 561.6 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted for login shells).15 E F5(~/.bash_pr)109.666 573.6 -Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 585.6 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted for login shells).15 E F5(~/.bashr)109.666 597.6 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(The indi)144 609.6 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(-shell startup \214le).15 E F5(~/.bash_lo)109.666 621.6 Q -(gout)-.1 E F0(The indi)144 633.6 Q -(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F5(~/.inputr)109.666 645.6 -Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 657.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F5 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 -E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F1 -.548(AU)72 674.4 S(THORS).548 E F0 -(Brian F)108 686.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E -(bfox@gnu.or)108 698.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 715.2 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C) --.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 727.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(70)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1(rbash)108 614.4 Q F0(turns of) +2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 +E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F5(SEE ALSO)72 +631.2 Q F2(Bash Refer)108 643.2 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F) +-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F2(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 +655.2 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y) +-.15 E F2(The Gnu History Libr)108 667.2 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C +(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F2 -.8(Po)108 679.2 S +(rtable Oper).8 E(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E +(art 2: Shell and Utilities)-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)-2.5 E F2(sh)108 691.2 +Q F0(\(1\),)A F2(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F2(emacs) +108 703.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F2(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 July 21)148.175 E(70)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 84 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR) --2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568(If you \214nd a b)108 96 R .568(ug in)-.2 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568(you should report it.)3.068 -F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568 -(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 F 5.625 -(that it appears in the latest v)108 108 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F F2 -(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)108 84 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A +/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 100.8 Q F1(/bin/bash)109.666 112.8 Q +F0(The)144 124.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G +(cutable).15 E F1(/etc/pr)109.666 136.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 148.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bash_pr)109.666 160.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 +E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 172.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bashr)109.666 184.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(The indi)144 196.8 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(-shell startup \214le).15 E F1(~/.bash_lo)109.666 208.8 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 +(The indi)144 220.8 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F1(~/.inputr) +109.666 232.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 244.8 Q(vidual)-.25 E F1 -.37(re) +2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F2 -.548(AU)72 261.6 S +(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 273.6 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E +(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 285.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 302.4 Q +1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 314.4 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 +E F2 -.11(BU)72 331.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 +(If you \214nd a b)108 343.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F3(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 +(you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F +3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 +F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 355.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 +F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 (ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 -(ilable from).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 120 Q -(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 136.8 R .711 -.15 -(ve d)-.2 H .411(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411 -(xists, use the)-.15 F F3(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41 -(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594 -(you ha)108 148.8 R .894 -.15(ve a \214)-.2 H .595 -(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 +(ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 367.2 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 +E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 384 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 +(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 +(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 396 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) +-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 (Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F -(be mailed to)108 160.8 Q F3 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F2(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 177.6 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) -108 194.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 206.4 -Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 218.4 -Q 2.5(Ad)108 230.4 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 -E 2.5(As)108 242.4 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F3(bashb)108.27 259.2 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(be mailed to)108 408 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 424.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) +108 441.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 453.6 +Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 465.6 +Q 2.5(Ad)108 477.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 +E 2.5(As)108 489.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 506.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -276 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E -F3 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F1 -.11(BU)72 292.8 S -(GS).11 E F0(It')108 304.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E --.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869(There are some subtle dif)108 321.6 R 1.869 -(ferences between)-.25 F F2(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v) -4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 -(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 333.6 Q F0 -(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 350.4 Q -(Shell b)108 367.2 Q +523.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 540 S +(GS).11 E F0(It')108 552 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65 +(w.)-.25 G 1.869(There are some subtle dif)108 568.8 R 1.869 +(ferences between)-.25 F F3(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v) +4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 +(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 580.8 Q F0 +(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 597.6 Q +(Shell b)108 614.4 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 384 R .39 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 396 R .389 +re not handled gracefully when)108 631.2 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 643.2 R .389 (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 408 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to pl\ -ace the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 -F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 420 Q(Array v)108 436.8 -Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 453.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E -(71)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(mand in the sequence.)108 655.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 667.2 Q(Array v)108 +684 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 700.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 July 21)148.175 E +(71)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 428e2e0ed..17b97c0d7 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -77,16 +77,16 @@ @xrdef{Shell Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4} @xrdef{Positional Parameters-title}{Positional Parameters} @xrdef{Positional Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.1} -@xrdef{Special Parameters-title}{Special Parameters} -@xrdef{Special Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.2} @xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{17} @xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{17} +@xrdef{Special Parameters-title}{Special Parameters} +@xrdef{Special Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.2} @xrdef{Shell Expansions-title}{Shell Expansions} @xrdef{Shell Expansions-snt}{Section@tie 3.5} @xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{18} -@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{18} @xrdef{Brace Expansion-title}{Brace Expansion} @xrdef{Brace Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.1} +@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{19} @xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{19} @xrdef{Tilde Expansion-title}{Tilde Expansion} @xrdef{Tilde Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.2} @@ -100,17 +100,17 @@ @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.5} @xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution} @xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6} -@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting} -@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7} @xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{24} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{24} @xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{24} +@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting} +@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8} -@xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching} -@xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1} @xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{25} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{25} +@xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching} +@xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1} @xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{26} @xrdef{Quote Removal-title}{Quote Removal} @xrdef{Quote Removal-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.9} @@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-title}{Simple Command Expansion} @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.1} @xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{30} -@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{30} @xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution} @xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2} +@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{31} @xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{31} @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment} @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3} @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ @xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin} @xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1} @xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{53} -@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{53} +@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{54} @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin} @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2} @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{57} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index db5c784ff..174ece552 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ \entry{read}{50}{\code {read}} \entry{readarray}{51}{\code {readarray}} \entry{source}{51}{\code {source}} -\entry{type}{51}{\code {type}} +\entry{type}{52}{\code {type}} \entry{typeset}{52}{\code {typeset}} \entry{ulimit}{52}{\code {ulimit}} \entry{unalias}{53}{\code {unalias}} -\entry{set}{53}{\code {set}} +\entry{set}{54}{\code {set}} \entry{shopt}{57}{\code {shopt}} \entry{dirs}{83}{\code {dirs}} \entry{popd}{84}{\code {popd}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index d86d44fa3..b92f26c91 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ \entry {\code {readonly}}{40} \entry {\code {return}}{40} \initial {S} -\entry {\code {set}}{53} +\entry {\code {set}}{54} \entry {\code {shift}}{41} \entry {\code {shopt}}{57} \entry {\code {source}}{51} @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ \entry {\code {test}}{41} \entry {\code {times}}{42} \entry {\code {trap}}{42} -\entry {\code {type}}{51} +\entry {\code {type}}{52} \entry {\code {typeset}}{52} \initial {U} \entry {\code {ulimit}}{52} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index a6873d91a..b3e475f7b 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ \entry{shell variable}{17}{shell variable} \entry{parameters, positional}{17}{parameters, positional} \entry{parameters, special}{18}{parameters, special} -\entry{expansion}{18}{expansion} +\entry{expansion}{19}{expansion} \entry{brace expansion}{19}{brace expansion} \entry{expansion, brace}{19}{expansion, brace} \entry{tilde expansion}{20}{tilde expansion} @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ \entry{pattern matching}{26}{pattern matching} \entry{matching, pattern}{26}{matching, pattern} \entry{redirection}{27}{redirection} -\entry{command expansion}{30}{command expansion} +\entry{command expansion}{31}{command expansion} \entry{command execution}{31}{command execution} \entry{command search}{31}{command search} \entry{execution environment}{32}{execution environment} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index 5f447090b..3896b77e7 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ \initial {C} \entry {command editing}{96} \entry {command execution}{31} -\entry {command expansion}{30} +\entry {command expansion}{31} \entry {command history}{123} \entry {command search}{31} \entry {command substitution}{24} @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ \entry {event designators}{125} \entry {execution environment}{32} \entry {exit status}{3, 33} -\entry {expansion}{18} +\entry {expansion}{19} \entry {expansion, arithmetic}{24} \entry {expansion, brace}{19} \entry {expansion, filename}{25} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index c91f91cb3..623bc45c2 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index d2f2efd79..206af535a 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - + %s\n", result); + free (result); + } + exit (0); +} + +static void memory_error_and_abort (); + +static void * +xmalloc (bytes) + size_t bytes; +{ + void *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); + + if (!temp) + memory_error_and_abort (); + return (temp); +} + +static void * +xrealloc (pointer, bytes) + void *pointer; + int bytes; +{ + void *temp; + + if (!pointer) + temp = malloc (bytes); + else + temp = realloc (pointer, bytes); + + if (!temp) + memory_error_and_abort (); + + return (temp); +} + +static void +memory_error_and_abort () +{ + fprintf (stderr, "readline: out of virtual memory\n"); + abort (); +} + +/* + * Local variables: + * compile-command: "gcc -g -DTEST -o tilde tilde.c" + * end: + */ +#endif /* TEST */ diff --git a/parse.y b/parse.y index 1b7f14abc..fdea495fe 100644 --- a/parse.y +++ b/parse.y @@ -4801,6 +4801,8 @@ reserved_word_acceptable (toksym) if (last_read_token == WORD && token_before_that == COPROC) return 1; #endif + if (last_read_token == WORD && token_before_that == FUNCTION) + return 1; return 0; } } diff --git a/tests/histexp.tests b/tests/histexp.tests index 721208cb2..dccbfe0c6 100644 --- a/tests/histexp.tests +++ b/tests/histexp.tests @@ -120,5 +120,5 @@ var2=var1 echo ${!var2} # Bash-2.01[.1] fails this test -- it attempts history expansion after the -# history_expansion_char +# history_comment_char echo ok 3 # !1200 diff --git a/tests/histexp.tests~ b/tests/histexp.tests~ new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a53e79842 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/histexp.tests~ @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +LC_ALL=C +LANG=C +trap 'rm /tmp/newhistory' 0 + +file=bax +histchars='!^#' # make sure history comment char is set correctly + +unset HISTFILESIZE + +history -c + +HISTFILE=history.list +HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth +HISTIGNORE='&:#*:history*:fc*' +# we will end up exercising the history stifling code as a result +HISTSIZE=32 + +shopt -s cmdhist +set -o history + +history -p '!!' + +# this should result in a failed history expansion error +history -p '!!:z' + +history + +HISTFILE=/tmp/newhistory +history -a + +history -w + +history -s "echo line 2 for history" +history +history -p '!e' +history -p '!!' + +set -H +!! +!e + +history + +echo a b c d e +!?ch? +!-2 +^2^8 + +!2 + +# we're selecting /bin/sh -c ...; we want `sh' +echo !-1:0:t +# we're selecting /bin/sh -c ...; we want `/bin' +echo !-2:0:h +# we're selecting `echo a b c d e'; we want `e' +echo !?d?:5 + +echo a b c d e +echo !-1:2-$ +echo !-2:2-4 +echo !-2:3* +echo !!:* + +echo !?a?:2- + +echo file.c +echo !!:$:r +echo !-2:$:e +echo !-3:$:r:q + +echo $file.c +echo !!:$:r +echo !-2:^:e +echo !-3:$:r:q + +echo a b c d e +echo !!:1-$:x +echo !-2:1-$:q + +echo foo.c foo.o foo.html foo.h +!!:s/foo/bar/ +!-2:gs/foo/bar/ +!!:gs/bar/x&/ +!-2:g& + +# make sure we can use any delimiter in the substitution, not just `/' +!!:gs+bar+whix+ + +!!:p + +# wow +echo !?.o?:%:r:q + +!!:0 !?.h?:%:q +!!:-$ +!:-$ + +history + +# make sure single quotes inhibit history expansion +echo '!!' + +# make sure backslashes can quote the history expansion character +echo \!\! + +# but other expansions on the line should still be processed + +echo '!!' !!:* +history -c +unset HISTFILE + +# make sure that the special bash cases are not history expanded +case p in +[!A-Z]) echo ok 1;; +esac + +var1='ok 2' +var2=var1 + +echo ${!var2} + +echo & echo $!; echo after + +# Bash-2.01[.1] fails this test -- it attempts history expansion after the +# history_comment_char +echo ok 3 # !1200