From: Chet Ramey Date: Mon, 5 Mar 2018 15:22:03 +0000 (-0500) Subject: commit bash-20180302 snapshot X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=a28518042b428baff61471696aea3ad9d2b0635d;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20180302 snapshot --- diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index f9c87ee27..09a5a6733 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,3 +1,66 @@ # don't push out -i -i parser-built +*.save +.DS_Store +.DS_Store? +._* +.Spotlight-V100 +# +# these files are all created by the build process; none are in the repository +# +*.o +*.a +*.dSYM +.build +.made +Makefile +bash +bashbug +bashversion +builtins/Makefile +builtins/builtext.h +builtins/builtins.c +builtins/mkbuiltins +builtins/pipesize.h +builtins/psize.aux +config.h +config.status +doc/Makefile +examples/loadables/Makefile +examples/loadables/Makefile.inc +examples/loadables/perl/Makefile +lib/glob/Makefile +lib/intl/Makefile +lib/intl/charset.alias +lib/intl/libgnuintl.h +lib/intl/libintl.h +lib/intl/ref-add.sed +lib/intl/ref-del.sed +lib/malloc/Makefile +lib/readline/Makefile +lib/sh/Makefile +lib/termcap/Makefile +lib/tilde/Makefile +lsignames.h +mksignames +mksyntax +pathnames.h +po/Makefile +po/Makefile.in +po/POTFILES +printenv +recho +signames.h +stamp-h +support/Makefile +support/bash.pc +support/man2html +syntax.c +tests/printenv +tests/recho +tests/xcase +tests/zecho +version.h +xcase +zecho diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL index e25f15c17..9d5dee0be 100644 --- a/INSTALL +++ b/INSTALL @@ -38,10 +38,24 @@ don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it. To find out more about the options and arguments that the 'configure' script understands, type - bash-2.04$ ./configure --help + bash-4.2$ ./configure --help at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory. +If you want to build Bash in a directory separate from the source +directory - to build for multiple architectures, for example - just use +the full path to the configure script. The following commands will +build bash in a directory under '/usr/local/build' from the source code +in '/usr/local/src/bash-4.4': + + mkdir /usr/local/build/bash-4.4 + cd /usr/local/build/bash-4.4 + bash /usr/local/src/bash-4.4/configure + make + +See *note Compiling For Multiple Architectures:: for more information +about building in a directory separate from the source. + If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please try to figure out how 'configure' could check whether or not to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to so they can be @@ -82,10 +96,10 @@ time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own directory. To do this, you must use a version of 'make' that supports the 'VPATH' variable, such as GNU 'make'. 'cd' to the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run the 'configure' -script from the source directory. You may need to supply the -'--srcdir=PATH' argument to tell 'configure' where the source files are. -'configure' automatically checks for the source code in the directory -that 'configure' is in and in '..'. +script from the source directory (*note Basic Installation::). You may +need to supply the '--srcdir=PATH' argument to tell 'configure' where +the source files are. 'configure' automatically checks for the source +code in the directory that 'configure' is in and in '..'. If you have to use a 'make' that does not supports the 'VPATH' variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a time in the source code diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 42462b41b..47f40e0a8 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS bbaasshh [options] [command_string | file] CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT - Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2017 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2018 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN BBaasshh is an sshh-compatible command language interpreter that executes @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 |||| _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 is executed if and only if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 returns a non-zero exit + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 is executed if, and only if, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_1 returns a non-zero exit status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command executed in the list. @@ -518,94 +518,95 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR that file descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the command (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell - commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The file - descriptors are not available in subshells. The process ID of the + commands and redirections using standard word expansions. Other than + those created to execute command and process substitutions, the file + descriptors are not available in subshells. The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the - variable _N_A_M_E_PID. The wwaaiitt builtin command may be used to wait for + variable _N_A_M_E_PID. The wwaaiitt builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. - Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the ccoopprroocc - command always returns success. The return status of a coprocess is + Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the ccoopprroocc + command always returns success. The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. SShheellll FFuunnccttiioonn DDeeffiinniittiioonnss - A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and - executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. + A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and + executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows: _n_a_m_e () _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] ffuunnccttiioonn _n_a_m_e [()] _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] - This defines a function named _n_a_m_e. The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn - is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the - parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- - pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above). - That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but - may be any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above, with - one exception: If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is used, but the - parentheses are not supplied, the braces are required. _c_o_m_- + This defines a function named _n_a_m_e. The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn + is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the + parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- + pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above). + That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but + may be any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above, with + one exception: If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is used, but the + parentheses are not supplied, the braces are required. _c_o_m_- _p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed whenever _n_a_m_e is specified as the name - of a simple command. When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, _n_a_m_e may not be the - name of one of the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l _b_u_i_l_t_i_n_s. Any redirections + of a simple command. When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, _n_a_m_e may not be the + name of one of the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l _b_u_i_l_t_i_n_s. Any redirections (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below) specified when a function is defined are - performed when the function is executed. The exit status of a - function definition is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a - readonly function with the same name already exists. When exe- - cuted, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the + performed when the function is executed. The exit status of a + function definition is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a + readonly function with the same name already exists. When exe- + cuted, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body. (See FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below.) CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the iinntteerr-- - aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the sshhoopptt builtin is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and - all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive - shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow + aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the sshhoopptt builtin is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and + all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive + shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow comments. The iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option is on by default in interac- tive shells. QQUUOOTTIINNGG - _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or - words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment + _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or + words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent parameter expansion. - Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special + Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself. - When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS-- + When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS-- TTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below), the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, usually !!, must be quoted to prevent history expansion. - There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single + There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single quotes, and double quotes. - A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the + A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of - . If a \\ pair appears, and the backslash is not - itself quoted, the \\ is treated as a line continuation (that + . If a \\ pair appears, and the backslash is not + itself quoted, the \\ is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored). - Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of + Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. - Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of - all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and, + Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of + all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and, when history expansion is enabled, !!. When the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, - the !! has no special meaning within double quotes, even when history - expansion is enabled. The characters $$ and `` retain their special - meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its special mean- - ing only when followed by one of the following characters: $$, ``, "", \\, - or <>. A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by - preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion will be - performed unless an !! appearing in double quotes is escaped using a + the !! has no special meaning within double quotes, even when history + expansion is enabled. The characters $$ and `` retain their special + meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its special mean- + ing only when followed by one of the following characters: $$, ``, "", \\, + or <>. A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by + preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion will be + performed unless an !! appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash. The backslash preceding the !! is not removed. - The special parameters ** and @@ have special meaning when in double + The special parameters ** and @@ have special meaning when in double quotes (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below). Words of the form $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' are treated specially. The word expands to - _s_t_r_i_n_g, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the - ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded + _s_t_r_i_n_g, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the + ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follows: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -620,201 +621,204 @@ QQUUOOTTIINNGG \\'' single quote \\"" double quote \\?? question mark - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) \\cc_x a control-_x character - The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not + The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present. A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($$"_s_t_r_i_n_g") will cause - the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the - current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the + the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the + current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted. PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS - A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num- + A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num- ber, or one of the special characters listed below under SSppeecciiaall PPaarraamm-- - eetteerrss. A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e. A variable has a - _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s. Attributes are assigned using the + eetteerrss. A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e. A variable has a + _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s. Attributes are assigned using the ddeeccllaarree builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS). A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is - a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using + a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the uunnsseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e may be assigned to by a statement of the form _n_a_m_e=[_v_a_l_u_e] - If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All - _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN-- + If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All + _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com- + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN-- SSIIOONN below). If the variable has its iinntteeggeerr attribute set, then _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion - is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below). Word splitting is not - performed, with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under SSppeecciiaall - PPaarraammeetteerrss. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state- - ments may also appear as arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett, - eexxppoorrtt, rreeaaddoonnllyy, and llooccaall builtin commands (_d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands). + is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below). Word splitting is not + performed, with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under SSppeecciiaall + PPaarraammeetteerrss. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state- + ments may also appear as arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett, + eexxppoorrtt, rreeaaddoonnllyy, and llooccaall builtin commands (_d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands). When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, these builtins may appear in a command after one or - more instances of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin and retain these assignment + more instances of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin and retain these assignment statement properties. - In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a + In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to - or add to the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to - builtin commands such as ddeeccllaarree that accept assignment statements + or add to the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to + builtin commands such as ddeeccllaarree that accept assignment statements (_d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands). When += is applied to a variable for which the - _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic - expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also - evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound + _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic + expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also + evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see AArrrraayyss below), the variable's value is not unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array beginning at - one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or - added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. When - applied to a string-valued variable, _v_a_l_u_e is expanded and appended to + one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or + added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. When + applied to a string-valued variable, _v_a_l_u_e is expanded and appended to the variable's value. A variable can be assigned the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute using the --nn option to - the ddeeccllaarree or llooccaall builtin commands (see the descriptions of ddeeccllaarree - and llooccaall below) to create a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, or a reference to another vari- - able. This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever - the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its + the ddeeccllaarree or llooccaall builtin commands (see the descriptions of ddeeccllaarree + and llooccaall below) to create a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, or a reference to another vari- + able. This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever + the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its attributes modified (other than using or changing the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute - itself), the operation is actually performed on the variable specified - by the nameref variable's value. A nameref is commonly used within + itself), the operation is actually performed on the variable specified + by the nameref variable's value. A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a variable whose name is passed as an argu- - ment to the function. For instance, if a variable name is passed to a + ment to the function. For instance, if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first argument, running declare -n ref=$1 - inside the function creates a nameref variable rreeff whose value is the + inside the function creates a nameref variable rreeff whose value is the variable name passed as the first argument. References and assignments - to rreeff, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references, + to rreeff, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references, assignments, and attribute modifications to the variable whose name was - passed as $$11. If the control variable in a ffoorr loop has the nameref - attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a - name reference will be established for each word in the list, in turn, + passed as $$11. If the control variable in a ffoorr loop has the nameref + attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a + name reference will be established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is executed. Array variables cannot be given the nnaammeerreeff - attribute. However, nameref variables can reference array variables - and subscripted array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the --nn - option to the uunnsseett builtin. Otherwise, if uunnsseett is executed with the - name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by + attribute. However, nameref variables can reference array variables + and subscripted array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the --nn + option to the uunnsseett builtin. Otherwise, if uunnsseett is executed with the + name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable will be unset. PPoossiittiioonnaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, + A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from - the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using - the sseett builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to - with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily + the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using + the sseett builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to + with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is + When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may + The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. - ** Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When - the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional - parameter expands to a separate word. In contexts where it is + ** Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional + parameter expands to a separate word. In contexts where it is performed, those words are subject to further word splitting and - pathname expansion. When the expansion occurs within double - quotes, it expands to a single word with the value of each - parameter separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special - variable. That is, "$$**" is equivalent to "$$11_c$$22_c......", where _c + pathname expansion. When the expansion occurs within double + quotes, it expands to a single word with the value of each + parameter separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special + variable. That is, "$$**" is equivalent to "$$11_c$$22_c......", where _c is the first character of the value of the IIFFSS variable. If IIFFSS - is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If IIFFSS is + is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. - @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "$$@@" is equivalent to "$$11" - "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, - the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- - ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last - parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. - When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to + "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, + the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- + ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last + parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. + When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). ## Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. - ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- + ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- ground pipeline. - -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- - tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell + -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- + tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell itself (such as the --ii option). - $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it - expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- + $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it + expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- shell. - !! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into - the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or + !! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into + the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using the bbgg builtin (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). - 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set + 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If bbaasshh is invoked with a file of com- - mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started - with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after - the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is - set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument + mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started + with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after + the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is + set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument zero. - __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke - the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- - ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last - argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to - the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and + __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke + the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- + ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last + argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to + the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. When check- - ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- + ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- rently being checked. SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess The following variables are set by the shell: - BBAASSHH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of + BBAASSHH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of bbaasshh. BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. BBAASSHHPPIIDD - Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This - differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells - that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to - BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- + Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This + differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells + that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to + BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. - Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, - unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. + Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, + unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. If BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC - An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in + An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each frame of the current bbaasshh execution call stack. The number - of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or - script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. - When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed + of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or + script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. + When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC. The shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC only when in - extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg - option to the sshhoopptt builtin below) + extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg + option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the + shell has started to execute a script may result in inconsistent + values. BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV - An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- + An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- rent bbaasshh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last - subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter + subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe- - cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The - shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see - the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin - below) + cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The + shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see + the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin + below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the shell has started to execute + a script may result in inconsistent values. BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or shell script (identical to $$00; see the description of special @@ -2340,10 +2344,12 @@ FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS The uunnsseett builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable is local to the current scope, uunnsseett will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described - above. If a variable at the local scope is unset, it will remain so - until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. If the - unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a vari- - able with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. + above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will + remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function + returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a + previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at + a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had + been shadowed will become visible. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that @@ -4035,7 +4041,7 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features + history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not @@ -4738,9 +4744,9 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not - specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that + specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- - wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous com- + wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous com- mand for editing and -16 for listing. The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The @@ -4854,6 +4860,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy [[_n]] hhiissttoorryy --cc hhiissttoorryy --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t + hhiissttoorryy --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d hhiissttoorryy --aannrrww [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] hhiissttoorryy --pp _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] @@ -4874,6 +4881,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS than the last history position, so negative indices count back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. + --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d + Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and + _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t + and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the @@ -5443,250 +5454,259 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of + associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- + sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can + perform variable assignments. + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows - easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is - enabled by default, but only has an effect if command + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows + easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is + enabled by default, but only has an effect if command history is enabled, as described above under HHIISSTTOORRYY. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar- - ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> - operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII + ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> + operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur- rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a - command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue - with the next command in the list after one terminates + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue + with the next command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt. ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- - rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later - interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- - rupt; previous versions continue with the next command + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- + rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later + interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- + rupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote - in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special - character. The single quotes must match (an even num- - ber) and the characters between the single quotes are - considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode - through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains + If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote + in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special + character. The single quotes must match (an even num- + ber) and the characters between the single quotes are + considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode + through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. ccoommppaatt4422 - If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in - the pattern substitution word expansion using quote + If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in + the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. ccoommppaatt4433 - If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an - attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- - ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion - errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command - to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal + If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an + attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- + ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion + errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command + to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset - the loop state when a shell function is executed (this - allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect + the loop state when a shell function is executed (this + allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect loops in the caller's context). + ccoommppaatt4444 + If set, bbaasshh saves the positional parameters to + BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC before they are used, regardless + of whether or not extended debugging mode is enabled. ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that - expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that + expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. - This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- - fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. + This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- + fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' - and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the - debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to - the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav- + If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the + debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to + the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav- ior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating - sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- - late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case + sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- + late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooccaallvvaarr__iinnhheerriitt If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous - scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref + scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref attribute is not inherited. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -5694,50 +5714,50 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5754,120 +5774,120 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using - !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar- - ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is - used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable + ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is + used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is - not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell + not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -5876,12 +5896,12 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -5890,53 +5910,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte - blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte + blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in Posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu- ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each - unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each + unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- @@ -5944,23 +5964,23 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If _i_d is not given, all currently active child pro- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the --nn - option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and - returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job + option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and + returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt forces _i_d to terminate before returning - its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -5969,16 +5989,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -5987,10 +6007,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -6000,14 +6020,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE -- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/ http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode @@ -6025,7 +6045,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -6039,14 +6059,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -6057,7 +6077,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -6074,10 +6094,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -6086,4 +6106,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 4.4 2017 December 28 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.4 2018 March 2 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index deecbe251..28a94fe90 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Wed Jan 31 11:23:23 EST 2018 +.\" Last Change: Fri Mar 2 16:07:55 EST 2018 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2018 January 31" "GNU Bash 4.4" +.TH BASH 1 "2018 March 2" "GNU Bash 4.4" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ An OR list has the form .RE .PP .I command2 -is executed if and only if +is executed if, and only if, .I command1 returns a non-zero exit status. The return status of @@ -4297,8 +4297,10 @@ The \fBunset\fP builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable is local to the current scope, \fBunset\fP will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. -If a variable at the local scope is unset, it will remain so +If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. +Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous +scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. .PP diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index a337cfd4e..516e1d278 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2017 December 28BASH(1) +BASH(1)2018 March 2BASH(1)

Index @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell

COPYRIGHT

-Bash is Copyright © 1989-2017 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Bash is Copyright © 1989-2018 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.  

DESCRIPTION

@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ An OR list has the form command2 -is executed if and only if +is executed if, and only if, command1 returns a non-zero exit status. @@ -1224,7 +1224,8 @@ command (see below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard word expansions. -The file descriptors are not available in subshells. +Other than those created to execute command and process substitutions, +the file descriptors are not available in subshells. The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the variable NAME_PID. The wait @@ -1920,7 +1921,9 @@ only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the option to the shopt -builtin below) +builtin below). +Setting extdebug after the shell has started to execute a script +may result in inconsistent values.
BASH_ARGV
@@ -1943,7 +1946,9 @@ only when in extended debugging mode option to the shopt -builtin below) +builtin below). +Setting extdebug after the shell has started to execute a script +may result in inconsistent values.
BASH_ARGV0
@@ -5472,8 +5477,10 @@ The unset builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable is local to the current scope, unset will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. -If a variable at the local scope is unset, it will remain so +If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. +Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous +scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible.

@@ -8884,7 +8891,7 @@ for information on setting and unsetting shell options. The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the history expansion in -csh. +csh. This section describes what syntax features are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be @@ -10527,7 +10534,7 @@ where a negative number is used as an offset from the current command number). If last -is not specified it is set to +is not specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that fc -l -10 @@ -10538,7 +10545,7 @@ otherwise. If first -is not specified it is set to the previous +is not specified, it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing.

The @@ -10856,6 +10863,7 @@ The return status is 0 unless no command matches

history -c
history -d offset
+
history -d start-end
history -anrw [filename]
history -p arg [arg ...]
history -s arg [arg ...]
@@ -10900,6 +10908,10 @@ If offset is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current history -d command. +
-d start-end
+Delete the history entries between positions start and end, +inclusive. Positive and negative values for start and end +are interpreted as described above.
-a
@@ -12279,6 +12291,12 @@ The list of shopt options is:
+
assoc_expand_once + +
+If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of associative array +subscripts during arithmetic expression evaluation and while executing +builtins that can perform variable assignments.
autocd
@@ -12424,6 +12442,14 @@ to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset the loop state when a shell function is executed (this allows break or continue in a shell function to affect loops in the caller's context). +
compat44 + +
+If set, +bash + +saves the positional parameters to BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC before they are +used, regardless of whether or not extended debugging mode is enabled.
complete_fullquote
@@ -13797,7 +13823,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 4.42017 December 28BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.42018 March 2BASH(1)
@@ -13903,6 +13929,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 02 January 2018 10:55:16 EST +Time: 02 March 2018 16:08:40 EST diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index fb8fba092..7fdcc8924 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 19 December 2017). +Bash shell (version 4.4, 2 March 2018). - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 19 December 2017, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 2 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. - Copyright (C) 1988-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 19 December 2017). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 4.4, 2 March 2018). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 19 December 2017, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 2 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -1038,7 +1038,8 @@ a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to 'NAME'[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the command (*note Redirections::). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using -standard word expansions. The file descriptors are not available in +standard word expansions. Other than those created to execute command +and process substitutions, the file descriptors are not available in subshells. The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is @@ -1263,10 +1264,12 @@ script displays The 'unset' builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable is local to the current scope, 'unset' will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as -described above. If a variable at the local scope is unset, it will -remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. -If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a -variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. +described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it +will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function +returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a +previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at +a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had +been shadowed will become visible. Function names and definitions may be listed with the '-f' option to the 'declare' ('typeset') builtin command (*note Bash Builtins::). The @@ -3050,7 +3053,7 @@ standard. locations. The '-d' option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each NAME. If the '-t' option is supplied, the full pathname to which each NAME corresponds is printed. If - multiple NAME arguments are supplied with '-t' the NAME is printed + multiple NAME arguments are supplied with '-t', the NAME is printed before the hashed full pathname. The '-l' option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only '-l' is supplied, information about @@ -3158,7 +3161,7 @@ standard. The expression is false. 1 argument - The expression is true if and only if the argument is not + The expression is true if, and only if, the argument is not null. 2 arguments @@ -3678,7 +3681,7 @@ standard. Read lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input. '-C' - Evaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUMP lines are read. The '-c' + Evaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read. The '-c' option specifies QUANTUM. '-c' Specify the number of lines read between each call to @@ -4335,6 +4338,12 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. The list of 'shopt' options is: + 'assoc_expand_once' + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of + associative array subscripts during arithmetic expression + evaluation and while executing builtins that can perform + variable assignments. + 'autocd' If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if it were the argument to the 'cd' command. This @@ -4426,6 +4435,11 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. executed (this allows 'break' or 'continue' in a shell function to affect loops in the caller's context). + 'compat44' + If set, Bash saves the positional parameters to BASH_ARGV and + BASH_ARGC before they are used, regardless of whether or not + extended debugging mode is enabled. + 'complete_fullquote' If set, Bash quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when performing completion. If not set, Bash @@ -4804,7 +4818,9 @@ Variables::). subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto 'BASH_ARGC'. The shell sets 'BASH_ARGC' only when in extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of - the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin). + the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin). Setting 'extdebug' + after the shell has started to execute a script may result in + inconsistent values. 'BASH_ARGV' An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current @@ -4814,7 +4830,8 @@ Variables::). the parameters supplied are pushed onto 'BASH_ARGV'. The shell sets 'BASH_ARGV' only when in extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the 'extdebug' option to - the 'shopt' builtin). + the 'shopt' builtin). Setting 'extdebug' after the shell has + started to execute a script may result in inconsistent values. 'BASH_ARGV0' When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or @@ -9112,7 +9129,7 @@ of a multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The 'lithist' shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. The 'shopt' builtin is used to set these -options. *Note Bash Builtins::, for a description of 'shopt'. +options. *Note The Shopt Builtin::, for a description of 'shopt'.  File: bash.info, Node: Bash History Builtins, Next: History Interaction, Prev: Bash History Facilities, Up: Using History Interactively @@ -9132,8 +9149,8 @@ history file. FIRST and LAST may be specified as a string (to locate the most recent command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset - from the current command number). If LAST is not specified it is - set to FIRST. If FIRST is not specified it is set to the previous + from the current command number). If LAST is not specified, it is + set to FIRST. If FIRST is not specified, it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. If the '-l' flag is given, the commands are listed on standard output. The '-n' flag suppresses the command numbers when listing. The '-r' flag @@ -9157,6 +9174,7 @@ history file. history [N] history -c history -d OFFSET + history -d START-END history [-anrw] [FILENAME] history -ps ARG @@ -9183,6 +9201,11 @@ history file. history, and an index of '-1' refers to the current 'history -d' command. + '-d START-END' + Delete the history entries between positions START and END, + inclusive. Positive and negative values for START and END are + interpreted as described above. + '-a' Append the new history lines to the history file. These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current Bash @@ -9247,15 +9270,15 @@ may be used to escape the history expansion character, but the history expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. - Several shell options settable with the 'shopt' builtin (*note Bash -Builtins::) may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. If -the 'histverify' shell option is enabled, and Readline is being used, -history substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser. -Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the Readline editing buffer -for further modification. If Readline is being used, and the -'histreedit' shell option is enabled, a failed history expansion will be -reloaded into the Readline editing buffer for correction. The '-p' -option to the 'history' builtin command may be used to see what a + Several shell options settable with the 'shopt' builtin (*note The +Shopt Builtin::) may be used to tailor the behavior of history +expansion. If the 'histverify' shell option is enabled, and Readline is +being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to the +shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the Readline +editing buffer for further modification. If Readline is being used, and +the 'histreedit' shell option is enabled, a failed history expansion +will be reloaded into the Readline editing buffer for correction. The +'-p' option to the 'history' builtin command may be used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The '-s' option to the 'history' builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for @@ -9495,10 +9518,24 @@ don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it. To find out more about the options and arguments that the 'configure' script understands, type - bash-2.04$ ./configure --help + bash-4.2$ ./configure --help at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory. + If you want to build Bash in a directory separate from the source +directory - to build for multiple architectures, for example - just use +the full path to the configure script. The following commands will +build bash in a directory under '/usr/local/build' from the source code +in '/usr/local/src/bash-4.4': + + mkdir /usr/local/build/bash-4.4 + cd /usr/local/build/bash-4.4 + bash /usr/local/src/bash-4.4/configure + make + + See *note Compiling For Multiple Architectures:: for more information +about building in a directory separate from the source. + If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please try to figure out how 'configure' could check whether or not to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to so they can be @@ -9545,10 +9582,10 @@ time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own directory. To do this, you must use a version of 'make' that supports the 'VPATH' variable, such as GNU 'make'. 'cd' to the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run the 'configure' -script from the source directory. You may need to supply the -'--srcdir=PATH' argument to tell 'configure' where the source files are. -'configure' automatically checks for the source code in the directory -that 'configure' is in and in '..'. +script from the source directory (*note Basic Installation::). You may +need to supply the '--srcdir=PATH' argument to tell 'configure' where +the source files are. 'configure' automatically checks for the source +code in the directory that 'configure' is in and in '..'. If you have to use a 'make' that does not supports the 'VPATH' variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a time in the @@ -10985,21 +11022,21 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 25) * BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 32) * BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 41) -* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 51) -* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 61) -* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 69) -* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 78) -* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 83) -* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 98) -* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 104) -* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 107) -* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 115) -* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 119) -* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 127) -* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 134) -* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 139) -* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 162) -* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 165) +* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 53) +* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 64) +* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 72) +* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 81) +* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 86) +* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 101) +* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 107) +* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 110) +* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 118) +* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 122) +* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 130) +* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 137) +* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 142) +* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 165) +* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 168) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 38) * bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11008,12 +11045,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 50) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) -* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 176) +* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 179) * colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 55) * colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 62) -* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 183) +* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 186) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 68) * completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11026,90 +11063,90 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 91) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 98) -* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 235) -* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 189) -* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 218) -* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 195) -* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 200) -* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 208) -* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 222) -* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 228) +* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 238) +* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 192) +* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 221) +* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 198) +* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 203) +* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 211) +* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 225) +* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 231) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 108) -* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 241) -* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 245) +* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 244) +* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 248) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 116) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 121) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 126) -* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 255) +* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 258) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 132) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 142) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 150) -* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 260) -* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 264) -* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 272) -* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 279) -* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 283) +* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 263) +* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 267) +* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 275) +* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 282) +* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 286) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 161) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 296) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 300) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 306) -* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 323) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 328) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 335) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 341) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 356) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 361) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 377) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 381) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 392) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 299) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 309) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 326) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 331) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 338) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 344) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 359) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 364) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 380) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 384) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 395) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 165) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 171) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 412) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 419) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 415) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 422) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 180) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 427) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 438) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 441) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 430) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 441) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 444) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 444) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 447) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 454) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 457) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 195) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 202) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 458) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 462) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 466) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 473) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 461) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 465) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 469) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 476) * LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 478) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 482) -* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 486) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 490) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 494) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 500) +* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 481) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 485) +* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 489) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 493) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 497) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 503) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 504) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 507) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) -* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 512) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 515) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 232) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11120,42 +11157,42 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 249) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 516) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 519) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 519) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 522) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 523) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 526) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 254) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 260) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 526) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 531) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 540) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 544) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 548) -* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 554) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 529) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 534) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 543) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 547) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 551) +* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 557) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 559) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 564) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 572) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 575) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 580) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 584) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 588) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 562) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 567) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 575) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 578) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 583) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 587) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 591) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 270) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 591) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 597) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 602) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 611) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 594) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 600) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 605) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 614) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 276) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11166,10 +11203,10 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 297) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 616) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 654) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 666) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 670) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 619) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 657) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 669) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 673) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 310) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11538,134 +11575,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top897 -Node: Introduction2817 -Node: What is Bash?3033 -Node: What is a shell?4147 -Node: Definitions6685 -Node: Basic Shell Features9636 -Node: Shell Syntax10855 -Node: Shell Operation11881 -Node: Quoting13174 -Node: Escape Character14474 -Node: Single Quotes14959 -Node: Double Quotes15307 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16585 -Node: Locale Translation17844 -Node: Comments18740 -Node: Shell Commands19358 -Node: Simple Commands20230 -Node: Pipelines20861 -Node: Lists23793 -Node: Compound Commands25532 -Node: Looping Constructs26544 -Node: Conditional Constructs29039 -Node: Command Grouping40094 -Node: Coprocesses41573 -Node: GNU Parallel43405 -Node: Shell Functions47379 -Node: Shell Parameters54355 -Node: Positional Parameters58768 -Node: Special Parameters59668 -Node: Shell Expansions63005 -Node: Brace Expansion65128 -Node: Tilde Expansion67852 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70200 -Node: Command Substitution84488 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion85843 -Node: Process Substitution86775 -Node: Word Splitting87895 -Node: Filename Expansion89839 -Node: Pattern Matching92213 -Node: Quote Removal96199 -Node: Redirections96494 -Node: Executing Commands106052 -Node: Simple Command Expansion106722 -Node: Command Search and Execution108652 -Node: Command Execution Environment111028 -Node: Environment114012 -Node: Exit Status115671 -Node: Signals117341 -Node: Shell Scripts119308 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands121823 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins123861 -Node: Bash Builtins144516 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173425 -Node: The Set Builtin173770 -Node: The Shopt Builtin184183 -Node: Special Builtins200592 -Node: Shell Variables201571 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables202008 -Node: Bash Variables204112 -Node: Bash Features233905 -Node: Invoking Bash234804 -Node: Bash Startup Files240790 -Node: Interactive Shells245893 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?246303 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?246952 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior247767 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions251255 -Node: Shell Arithmetic255621 -Node: Aliases258438 -Node: Arrays260986 -Node: The Directory Stack266352 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins267136 -Node: Controlling the Prompt270104 -Node: The Restricted Shell272866 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode274691 -Node: Job Control285042 -Node: Job Control Basics285502 -Node: Job Control Builtins290470 -Node: Job Control Variables295197 -Node: Command Line Editing296353 -Node: Introduction and Notation298024 -Node: Readline Interaction299647 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials300838 -Node: Readline Movement Commands302621 -Node: Readline Killing Commands303581 -Node: Readline Arguments305499 -Node: Searching306543 -Node: Readline Init File308729 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax309876 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs330247 -Node: Sample Init File334443 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands337560 -Node: Commands For Moving338764 -Node: Commands For History340613 -Node: Commands For Text344908 -Node: Commands For Killing348297 -Node: Numeric Arguments350778 -Node: Commands For Completion351917 -Node: Keyboard Macros356108 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands356795 -Node: Readline vi Mode362748 -Node: Programmable Completion363655 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins371116 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example381002 -Node: Using History Interactively386253 -Node: Bash History Facilities386937 -Node: Bash History Builtins389938 -Node: History Interaction394230 -Node: Event Designators397292 -Node: Word Designators398511 -Node: Modifiers400148 -Node: Installing Bash401550 -Node: Basic Installation402687 -Node: Compilers and Options405378 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures406119 -Node: Installation Names407782 -Node: Specifying the System Type408600 -Node: Sharing Defaults409316 -Node: Operation Controls409989 -Node: Optional Features410947 -Node: Reporting Bugs421473 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell422667 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License439519 -Node: Indexes464696 -Node: Builtin Index465150 -Node: Reserved Word Index471977 -Node: Variable Index474425 -Node: Function Index490103 -Node: Concept Index503406 +Node: Top889 +Node: Introduction2801 +Node: What is Bash?3017 +Node: What is a shell?4131 +Node: Definitions6669 +Node: Basic Shell Features9620 +Node: Shell Syntax10839 +Node: Shell Operation11865 +Node: Quoting13158 +Node: Escape Character14458 +Node: Single Quotes14943 +Node: Double Quotes15291 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16569 +Node: Locale Translation17828 +Node: Comments18724 +Node: Shell Commands19342 +Node: Simple Commands20214 +Node: Pipelines20845 +Node: Lists23777 +Node: Compound Commands25516 +Node: Looping Constructs26528 +Node: Conditional Constructs29023 +Node: Command Grouping40078 +Node: Coprocesses41557 +Node: GNU Parallel43460 +Node: Shell Functions47434 +Node: Shell Parameters54517 +Node: Positional Parameters58930 +Node: Special Parameters59830 +Node: Shell Expansions63167 +Node: Brace Expansion65290 +Node: Tilde Expansion68014 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70362 +Node: Command Substitution84650 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion86005 +Node: Process Substitution86937 +Node: Word Splitting88057 +Node: Filename Expansion90001 +Node: Pattern Matching92375 +Node: Quote Removal96361 +Node: Redirections96656 +Node: Executing Commands106214 +Node: Simple Command Expansion106884 +Node: Command Search and Execution108814 +Node: Command Execution Environment111190 +Node: Environment114174 +Node: Exit Status115833 +Node: Signals117503 +Node: Shell Scripts119470 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands121985 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124023 +Node: Bash Builtins144681 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173589 +Node: The Set Builtin173934 +Node: The Shopt Builtin184347 +Node: Special Builtins201217 +Node: Shell Variables202196 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables202633 +Node: Bash Variables204737 +Node: Bash Features234751 +Node: Invoking Bash235650 +Node: Bash Startup Files241636 +Node: Interactive Shells246739 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?247149 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?247798 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior248613 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252101 +Node: Shell Arithmetic256467 +Node: Aliases259284 +Node: Arrays261832 +Node: The Directory Stack267198 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins267982 +Node: Controlling the Prompt270950 +Node: The Restricted Shell273712 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode275537 +Node: Job Control285888 +Node: Job Control Basics286348 +Node: Job Control Builtins291316 +Node: Job Control Variables296043 +Node: Command Line Editing297199 +Node: Introduction and Notation298870 +Node: Readline Interaction300493 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials301684 +Node: Readline Movement Commands303467 +Node: Readline Killing Commands304427 +Node: Readline Arguments306345 +Node: Searching307389 +Node: Readline Init File309575 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax310722 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs331093 +Node: Sample Init File335289 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands338406 +Node: Commands For Moving339610 +Node: Commands For History341459 +Node: Commands For Text345754 +Node: Commands For Killing349143 +Node: Numeric Arguments351624 +Node: Commands For Completion352763 +Node: Keyboard Macros356954 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands357641 +Node: Readline vi Mode363594 +Node: Programmable Completion364501 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins371962 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example381848 +Node: Using History Interactively387099 +Node: Bash History Facilities387783 +Node: Bash History Builtins390788 +Node: History Interaction395319 +Node: Event Designators398386 +Node: Word Designators399605 +Node: Modifiers401242 +Node: Installing Bash402644 +Node: Basic Installation403781 +Node: Compilers and Options407039 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures407780 +Node: Installation Names409473 +Node: Specifying the System Type410291 +Node: Sharing Defaults411007 +Node: Operation Controls411680 +Node: Optional Features412638 +Node: Reporting Bugs423164 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell424358 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License441210 +Node: Indexes466387 +Node: Builtin Index466841 +Node: Reserved Word Index473668 +Node: Variable Index476116 +Node: Function Index491794 +Node: Concept Index505097  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 0f1d5c144..0db4fbbb9 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index b98bd7a0b..9b61ff2a7 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 2 10:55:05 2018 +%%CreationDate: Fri Mar 2 16:08:28 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ BP 108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [command_string | \214le])2.5 E F1 (COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q -(yright \251 1989-2017 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E +(yright \251 1989-2018 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(1)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(1)200.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(2) -190.955 E 0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(2)200.95 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -598,8 +598,7 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(3)190.955 E 0 Cg -EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(3)200.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -710,13 +709,13 @@ E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G -.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F1(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e) 2.5 E(xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 660 Q F1(command1)144 676.8 Q F2(||)2.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E(command2) -108.2 693.6 Q F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .729 -(cuted if and only if).15 F F1(command1)3.429 E F0 .729 -(returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.)-.15 F .728 -(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 705.6 Q +108.2 693.6 Q F0 .435(is e)2.955 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .435 +(cuted if, and only if,).15 F F1(command1)3.135 E F0 .435 +(returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435(xit status.)-.15 F .434 +(The return status of AND)5.434 F(and OR lists is the e)108 705.6 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 -E(4)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(4) +200.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -845,8 +844,8 @@ F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s)-3.097 E .049 2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 685.2 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 697.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E -(5)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(operators.)180 697.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(5) +200.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -995,8 +994,8 @@ E F0 1.087(is e)144 664.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 -.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 688.8 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while) 108 705.6 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 -(done)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(6) -190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(done)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(6)200.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1057,801 +1056,806 @@ F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G (edirections spec-)-2.604 F 1.272(i\214ed by the command \(see)108 331.2 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.771 E F0(belo)3.521 E 3.771 (w\). The)-.25 F 1.271(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.771 F -1.271(guments to)-.18 F .515 -(shell commands and redirections using standard w)108 343.2 R .515 -(ord e)-.1 F 3.015(xpansions. The)-.15 F .515 -(\214le descriptors are not a)3.015 F -.25(va)-.2 G .515(ilable in).25 F -3.637(subshells. The)108 355.2 R 1.137(process ID of the shell spa)3.637 -F 1.137(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.137(cute the coprocess is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.136(ilable as the v).25 F 1.136(alue of the)-.25 F --.25(va)108 367.2 S(riable).25 E F2 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0 2.5 -(_PID. The)B F1(wait)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command may be used to w).2 E +1.271(guments to)-.18 F 1.719 +(shell commands and redirections using standard w)108 343.2 R 1.719 +(ord e)-.1 F 4.219(xpansions. Other)-.15 F 1.72(than those created to e) +4.219 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E .945 +(command and process substitutions, the \214le descriptors are not a)108 +355.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .945(ilable in subshells.).25 F .944 +(The process ID of)5.944 F .597(the shell spa)108 367.2 R .597 +(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .597(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G .597(ilable as the v).25 F .597(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2 -.27(NA)3.097 G(ME).27 E F0 3.097(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.098 E +F0 -.2(bu)108 379.2 S(iltin command may be used to w).2 E (ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 -(Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 384 -R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .336(command al)2.836 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .336 +(Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 396 +R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .335(command al)2.835 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .335 (ys returns success.).1 F(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 -396 Q(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 412.8 Q F0 2.698(As)108 424.8 S .198 -(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G -.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 436.8 S .5 -.25(ew s) +408 Q(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 424.8 Q F0 2.697(As)108 436.8 S .198 +(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G +.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 448.8 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E -(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 453.6 +(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 465.6 Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C -(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 465.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 ([\(\)])2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir) -.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.402(This de\214nes a function named)144 -477.6 R F2(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 +.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 +489.6 R F2(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 (ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F -1.403(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.903 E F0(reserv)144 489.6 Q .162 +1.402(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 501.6 Q .162 (ed w)-.15 F .162(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F (The)5.162 E F2(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) -2.662 F(command)144 501.6 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) +2.662 F(command)144 513.6 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) 3.354 E F1 .084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 513.6 +2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 525.6 Q F0 .044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F1 .044 -(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.901(,w) -.15 G .401(ith one e)-2.901 F .401(xception: If the)-.15 F F1(function) +(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 537.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.902(,w) +.15 G .402(ith one e)-2.902 F .402(xception: If the)-.15 F F1(function) 2.901 E F0(reserv)2.901 E .401(ed w)-.15 F .401(ord is used, b)-.1 F -.402(ut the parentheses are not sup-)-.2 F .047 -(plied, the braces are required.)144 537.6 R F2(compound\255command) +.401(ut the parentheses are not sup-)-.2 F .047 +(plied, the braces are required.)144 549.6 R F2(compound\255command) 5.047 E F0 .047(is e)2.547 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .047(cuted whene).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2(name)2.547 E F0 .047(is speci\214ed as the)2.547 F -1.679(name of a simple command.)144 549.6 R 1.679(When in)6.679 F F2 -1.679(posix mode)4.179 F F0(,)A F2(name)4.179 E F0 1.68 -(may not be the name of one of the)4.179 F(POSIX)144 561.6 Q F2 .014 -(special b)2.514 F(uiltins)-.2 E F0 5.014(.A)C .314 -.15(ny r)-5.014 H +1.68(name of a simple command.)144 561.6 R 1.68(When in)6.68 F F2 1.68 +(posix mode)4.18 F F0(,)A F2(name)4.179 E F0 1.679 +(may not be the name of one of the)4.179 F(POSIX)144 573.6 Q F2 .014 +(special b)2.513 F(uiltins)-.2 E F0 5.014(.A)C .314 -.15(ny r)-5.014 H .014(edirections \(see).15 F F3(REDIRECTION)2.514 E F0(belo)2.264 E .014 -(w\) speci\214ed when a function is)-.25 F 1.119 -(de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 573.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.619(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.619 G 1.12 +(w\) speci\214ed when a function is)-.25 F 1.12 +(de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 585.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 3.619(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.619 G 1.119 (it status of a function de\214nition is).15 F .217(zero unless a synta\ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -585.6 R 2.716(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 597.6 S .545(cuted, the e) -.15 F .545(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .546 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .546 -(cuted in the body).15 F(.)-.65 E(\(See)144 609.6 Q F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E +597.6 R 2.717(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 609.6 S .546(cuted, the e) +.15 F .546(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .545 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted in the body).15 F(.)-.65 E(\(See)144 621.6 Q F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMENTS)72 626.4 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 638.4 R 1.282 -.15 +(COMMENTS)72 638.4 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 650.4 R 1.282 -.15 (ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F1(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F1(shopt)3.482 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 650.4 S .951(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.451 F +(bu)108 662.4 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F (UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 -F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.452 E F0 .952 -(causes that w)3.452 F(ord)-.1 E .605 -(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 662.4 R -.604(An interacti)5.605 F .904 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .604(hell without the) -.15 F F1(interacti)3.104 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 674.4 Q F0 -1.336(option enabled does not allo)3.836 F 3.836(wc)-.25 G 3.836 -(omments. The)-3.836 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 1.337(option is on by def)3.837 F 1.337(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 703.2 S -.438(OT) -.11 G(ING).438 E F2(Quoting)108 715.2 Q F0 .478(is used to remo)2.978 F -.777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 -(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 -(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .477(Quoting can be)5.477 F .184 -(used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -727.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .185(ed w)-.15 F .185 -(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(7)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.451 E F0 .951 +(causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 +(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 674.4 R +.605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) +.15 F F1(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 686.4 Q F0 +1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 +(omments. The)-3.837 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 +698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(7)200.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(such, and to pre) -108 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .289 -(Each of the)108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(metac)2.789 E(har)-.15 -E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo)2.789 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(QU)72 84 S -.438(OT).11 G(ING).438 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(Quoting)108 96 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H .477(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 +F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 +(used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 +108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 +(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 120 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 136.8 +R F2(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) +2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 (has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 112.8 Q 1.344 -(When the command history e)108 129.6 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 -(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.595 E 1.345(w\), the) --.25 F F1(history e)108 141.6 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 -(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 148.8 Q 1.345 +(When the command history e)108 165.6 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 +(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) +-.25 F F2(history e)108 177.6 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 +(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C (ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 158.4 Q F1 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 194.4 Q F2 (escape c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.975(An)108 175.2 S .475 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.975 F F3(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 -G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 211.2 S .474 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F4(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 +G(he)-2.974 E F2 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 (.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F -.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .474(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 187.2 -Q 1.553(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of . If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F3(\\)4.053 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.123 -(quoted, the)108 199.2 R F3(\\)3.623 E F0(. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F4(\\)4.053 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 +(quoted, the)108 235.2 R F4(\\)3.622 E F0( is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.122(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F -(ef)108 211.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 -(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 228 R .295 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F +(ef)108 247.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 +(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 264 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E -(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 240 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .034 -(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 256.8 R .034 +(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 +(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 292.8 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -268.8 S .107(ception of).15 F F3($)2.607 E F0(,)A F3<92>2.607 E F0(,)A -F3(\\)2.607 E F0 2.607(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.607 F .107 -(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F3(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 -(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F1 .108(posix mode)2.608 F F0 2.608(,t)C -(he)-2.608 E F3(!)2.608 E F0 .108(has no)2.608 F 1.398 -(special meaning within double quotes, e)108 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +304.8 S .108(ception of).15 F F4($)2.608 E F0(,)A F4<92>2.608 E F0(,)A +F4(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 +(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F4(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 +(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F2 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C +(he)-2.607 E F4(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F 1.397 +(special meaning within double quotes, e)108 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.897(nw).15 G 1.397(hen history e)-3.897 F 1.397(xpansion is enabled.) --.15 F 1.397(The characters)6.397 F F3($)3.897 E F0(and)3.897 E F3<92> -3.897 E F0 .044(retain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 -292.8 R .045(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-) -5.045 F(lo)108 304.8 Q .602(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 -(wing characters:)-.25 F F3($)3.102 E F0(,)A F3<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F3(") -3.935 E F0(,).833 E F3(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F3() -3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .601(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .13 -(double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 316.8 R .131 -(If enabled, history e)5.131 F .131 -(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F3(!)2.631 E F0 -(appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 328.8 Q -(The backslash preceding the)5 E F3(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 345.6 Q F3(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H -(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 362.4 S .212 -(rds of the form).8 F F3($)2.712 E F0<08>A F1(string)A F0 2.712<0861>C -.211(re treated specially)-2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F -.211(ord e)-.1 F .211(xpands to)-.15 F F1(string)2.711 E F0 2.711(,w)C -.211(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 -(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 374.4 R .605 +-.15 F 1.398(The characters)6.398 F F4($)3.898 E F0(and)3.898 E F4<92> +3.898 E F0 .045(retain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 +328.8 R .044(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-) +5.045 F(lo)108 340.8 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 +(wing characters:)-.25 F F4($)3.102 E F0(,)A F4<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F4(") +3.935 E F0(,).833 E F4(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F4() +3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 +(double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 352.8 R .131 +(If enabled, history e)5.131 F .13(xpansion will be performed unless an) +-.15 F F4(!)2.63 E F0 +(appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 364.8 Q +(The backslash preceding the)5 E F4(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 381.6 Q F4(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F4(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H +(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G +(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 398.4 S .211 +(rds of the form).8 F F4($)2.711 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 2.711<0861>C +.211(re treated specially)-2.711 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F +.211(ord e)-.1 F .212(xpands to)-.15 F F2(string)2.712 E F0 2.712(,w)C +.212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605 +(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 410.4 R .604 (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) -108 386.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3(\\a)144 398.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 398.4 Q -F3(\\b)144 410.4 Q F0(backspace)180 410.4 Q F3(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 -434.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 434.4 Q F3(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0 -(form feed)180 446.4 Q F3(\\n)144 458.4 Q F0(ne)180 458.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 -G(ine)-2.5 E F3(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 470.4 Q F3(\\t) -144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 482.4 Q F3(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15(ve) -180 494.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F3(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)180 506.4 -Q F3<5c08>144 518.4 Q F0(single quote)180 518.4 Q F3(\\")144 530.4 Q F0 -(double quote)180 530.4 Q F3(\\?)144 542.4 Q F0(question mark)180 542.4 -Q F3(\\)144 554.4 Q F1(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 -554.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three octal digits\))2.5 E F3(\\x)144 566.4 Q F1(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 566.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F3(\\u)144 578.4 Q F1(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 602.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F3 -(\\U)144 614.4 Q F1(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 626.4 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 638.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F3(\\c)144 650.4 Q F1(x)A F0 2.5(ac)180 650.4 S(ontrol-) --2.5 E F1(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 667.2 Q(xpanded result is si\ +108 422.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4(\\a)144 434.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 434.4 Q +F4(\\b)144 446.4 Q F0(backspace)180 446.4 Q F4(\\e)144 458.4 Q(\\E)144 +470.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 470.4 Q F4(\\f)144 482.4 Q F0 +(form feed)180 482.4 Q F4(\\n)144 494.4 Q F0(ne)180 494.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 +G(ine)-2.5 E F4(\\r)144 506.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 506.4 Q F4(\\t) +144 518.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 518.4 Q F4(\\v)144 530.4 Q F0 -.15(ve) +180 530.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F4(\\\\)144 542.4 Q F0(backslash)180 542.4 +Q F4<5c08>144 554.4 Q F0(single quote)180 554.4 Q F4(\\")144 566.4 Q F0 +(double quote)180 566.4 Q F4(\\?)144 578.4 Q F0(question mark)180 578.4 +Q F4(\\)144 590.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 +590.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(one to three octal digits\))2.5 E F4(\\x)144 602.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 602.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F4(\\u)144 614.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 626.4 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 638.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F4 +(\\U)144 650.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 662.4 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 674.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F4(\\c)144 686.4 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5(ac)180 686.4 S(ontrol-) +-2.5 E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 703.2 Q(xpanded result is si\ ngle-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad) -108 684 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F -F3($)A F0(")A F1(string)A F0 .14 -("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B .495 -(to the current locale.)108 696 R .495(If the current locale is)5.495 F -F3(C)2.995 E F0(or)2.995 E F3(POSIX)2.995 E F0 2.995(,t)C .495 -(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .496(If the string is trans-)5.496 -F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 708 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(8)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +108 720 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F +F4($)A F0(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 +("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(8)200.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 84 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843 -(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F 3.343(alues. It)-.25 F .843 -(can be a)3.343 F F2(name)3.342 E F0 3.342(,an).18 G(umber)-3.342 E -3.342(,o)-.4 G 3.342(ro)-3.342 G .842(ne of the special characters) --3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 108 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.823(.A)C F2 -(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 F F2(name) -3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 F F2 -(value)108 120 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 F F2(attrib)2.869 E -(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 -(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F3(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -(belo)108 132 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 -E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.754 -(Ap)108 148.8 S .254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 -F 2.754(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v) --.25 F 2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it) --3.005 F(may be unset only by using the)108 160.8 Q F3(unset)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 177.6 Q F2 -(variable)2.79 E F0(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E -F2(name)144 194.4 Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 211.2 Q F2(value) -3.023 E F0 .233(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F -.232(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F2(values) -3.022 E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232 -(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F .515(and v)108 223.2 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F -.515(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .496 +(to the current locale.)108 84 R .495(If the current locale is)5.496 F +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(C)2.995 E F0(or)2.995 E F1(POSIX)2.995 E F0 2.995 +(,t)C .495(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .495 +(If the string is trans-)5.495 F +(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 96 Q/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 112.8 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 124.8 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .842 +(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F 3.342(alues. It)-.25 F .842 +(can be a)3.342 F F3(name)3.343 E F0 3.343(,an).18 G(umber)-3.343 E +3.343(,o)-.4 G 3.343(ro)-3.343 G .843(ne of the special characters) +-3.343 F .823(listed belo)108 136.8 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 +.823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.823(.A)C F3(variable)-2.21 E +F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 F F3(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A) +.18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 F F3(value)108 148.8 Q F0 +.368(and zero or more)2.868 F F3(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C +(ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.869 E +(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar) +2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 160.8 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.755(Ap)108 177.6 S .255 +(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.755 F 2.754(alue. The) +-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254(alid v)-.25 F 2.754 +(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254(ariable is set, it)-3.004 F +(may be unset only by using the)108 189.6 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 206.4 Q F3(variable)2.79 E F0 +(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F3(name)144 223.2 +Q F0(=[)A F3(value)A F0(])A(If)108 240 Q F3(value)3.022 E F0 .232 +(is not gi)2.912 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .232(n, the v).15 F .232 +(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F3(values)3.023 +E F0(under)3.003 E .233(go tilde e)-.18 F .233(xpansion, parameter)-.15 +F .515(and v)108 252 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 235.2 Q 2.699 -(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F3 -(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F2(value) -2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 -(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 247.2 R .901 -(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F3 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F -F0(belo)3.401 E 3.402(w\). W)-.25 F .902 -(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 259.2 R -1.179(xception of)-.15 F F3("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F3 1.178(Special P) -3.678 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.178(.P)C 1.178(athname e)-6.328 F 1.178 -(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 271.2 R 1.148 -(statements may also appear as ar)3.648 F 1.149(guments to the)-.18 F F3 -(alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F3(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(typeset)3.649 -E F0(,)A F3(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F3 -.18(re)108 283.2 S(adonly).18 E F0 -3.289(,a)C(nd)-3.289 E F3(local)3.289 E F0 -.2(bu)3.289 G .789 -(iltin commands \().2 F F2(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 3.288 -(commands\). When)3.289 F(in)3.288 E F2 .788(posix mode)3.288 F F0 3.288 -(,t)C .788(hese b)-3.288 F .788(uiltins may)-.2 F 1.496 -(appear in a command after one or more instances of the)108 295.2 R F3 -(command)3.996 E F0 -.2(bu)3.996 G 1.497 -(iltin and retain these assignment).2 F(statement properties.)108 307.2 -Q .377(In the conte)108 324 R .377 +-3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 264 Q 2.698(w\). If) +-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1(integer)2.698 E +F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F3(value)2.988 E F0 .198 +(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .199(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e) +108 276 R .902(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901 +(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901 +(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 288 R 1.178 +(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179 +(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.179(Special P) +3.679 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.179(.P)C 1.179(athname e)-6.329 F 1.179 +(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.649(performed. Assignment)108 300 R 1.149 +(statements may also appear as ar)3.649 F 1.148(guments to the)-.18 F F1 +(alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.648 +E F0(,)A F1(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 312 S(adonly).18 E F0 +3.288(,a)C(nd)-3.288 E F1(local)3.288 E F0 -.2(bu)3.288 G .788 +(iltin commands \().2 F F3(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 3.288 +(commands\). When)3.288 F(in)3.289 E F3 .789(posix mode)3.289 F F0 3.289 +(,t)C .789(hese b)-3.289 F .789(uiltins may)-.2 F 1.496 +(appear in a command after one or more instances of the)108 324 R F1 +(command)3.996 E F0 -.2(bu)3.996 G 1.496 +(iltin and retain these assignment).2 F(statement properties.)108 336 Q +.376(In the conte)108 352.8 R .376 (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 -(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376 -(x, the +=)-.15 F 1.63 -(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 336 R(ariable') --.25 E 4.131(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.131 E 1.631(vious v)-.25 F 4.131 -(alue. This)-.25 F 1.631(includes ar)4.131 F 1.631(guments to)-.18 F -.2 -(bu)108 348 S .164(iltin commands such as).2 F F3(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 -E F0 .164(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F2(declar)A -(ation)-.15 E F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .163(+= is)2.663 F .251 -(applied to a v)108 360 R .251(ariable for which the)-.25 F F2(inte) +(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 +(x, the +=)-.15 F 1.631 +(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 364.8 R(ariable') +-.25 E 4.13(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.13 E 1.63(vious v)-.25 F 4.13(alue. This) +-.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 376.8 S +.163(iltin commands such as).2 F F1(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F0 .164 +(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F3(declar)A(ation)-.15 E +F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F .252 +(applied to a v)108 388.8 R .252(ariable for which the)-.25 F F3(inte) 2.752 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.752 E .252(ute has been set,)-.2 -F F2(value)2.752 E F0 .252(is e)2.752 F -.25(va)-.25 G .252 +F F3(value)2.752 E F0 .251(is e)2.751 F -.25(va)-.25 G .251 (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .05 -(sion and added to the v)108 372 R(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sc)-.55 G .05 +(sion and added to the v)108 400.8 R(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sc)-.55 G .05 (urrent v)-2.55 F .05(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.55 (luated. When).25 F .05(+= is applied to an array v)2.55 F(ari-)-.25 E -.458(able using compound assignment \(see)108 384 R F3(Arrays)2.959 E F0 -(belo)2.959 E .459(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.959(sv)-.55 G +.459(able using compound assignment \(see)108 412.8 R F1(Arrays)2.959 E +F0(belo)2.959 E .459(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.959(sv)-.55 G .459(alue is not unset \(as it is when using)-3.209 F .265(=\), and ne) -108 396 R 2.765(wv)-.25 G .265(alues are appended to the array be)-3.015 -F .265(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.765(sm)-.55 G -.265(aximum inde)-2.765 F 2.765(x\()-.15 G(for)-2.765 E(inde)108 408 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.401(da).15 G .901(rrays\) or added as additional k) --3.401 F -.15(ey)-.1 G.15 E .901(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F -1.201 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.901(.W)-.65 G .902 -(hen applied to a string-)-5.901 F -.25(va)108 420 S(lued v).25 E -(ariable,)-.25 E F2(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E +108 424.8 R 2.765(wv)-.25 G .265(alues are appended to the array be) +-3.015 F .265(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.765(sm) +-.55 G .265(aximum inde)-2.765 F 2.765(x\()-.15 G(for)-2.765 E(inde)108 +436.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.402(da).15 G .902 +(rrays\) or added as additional k)-3.402 F -.15(ey)-.1 G.15 E .901 +(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F 1.201 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E +5.901(.W)-.65 G .901(hen applied to a string-)-5.901 F -.25(va)108 448.8 +S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F3(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E (xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G -(alue.)-2.75 E 3.383(Av)108 436.8 S .883(ariable can be assigned the) --3.633 F F2(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.382 E .882 -(ute using the)-.2 F F33.382 E F0 .882(option to the)3.382 F F3 -(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.382 E F3(local)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 -G .882(iltin com-).2 F .315(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 448.8 R -F3(declar)2.815 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.815 E F3(local)2.815 E F0(belo)2.815 -E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F2(namer)2.816 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.816(,o)C -2.816(rar)-2.816 G .316(eference to another v)-2.816 F(ari-)-.25 E 4.04 -(able. This)108 460.8 R(allo)4.04 E 1.54(ws v)-.25 F 1.54 +(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 465.6 S .882(ariable can be assigned the) +-3.632 F F3(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.382 E .882 +(ute using the)-.2 F F13.382 E F0 .882(option to the)3.382 F F1 +(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(local)3.383 E F0 -.2(bu)3.383 +G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 477.6 R +F1(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.816 E F1(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 +E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F3(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C +2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 4.04 +(able. This)108 489.6 R(allo)4.04 E 1.54(ws v)-.25 F 1.54 (ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 6.54(.W)-.65 G(hene)-6.54 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.04(rt).15 G 1.54(he nameref v)-4.04 F 1.54 (ariable is referenced,)-.25 F .54 -(assigned to, unset, or has its attrib)108 472.8 R .54 -(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F2(namer)3.04 +(assigned to, unset, or has its attrib)108 501.6 R .54 +(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F3(namer)3.04 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.04 E .54(ute itself\),)-.2 F .352 -(the operation is actually performed on the v)108 484.8 R .352 +(the operation is actually performed on the v)108 513.6 R .352 (ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.852(sv) --.55 G 2.852(alue. A)-3.102 F .351(nameref is)2.851 F .971 -(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 496.8 R .972 -(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .972(gument to the)-.18 F -2.5(function. F)108 508.8 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E +-.55 G 2.852(alue. A)-3.102 F .352(nameref is)2.852 F .972 +(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 525.6 R .971 +(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F +2.5(function. F)108 537.6 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E -(gument, running)-.18 E/F6 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 526.8 Q -F0 .303(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 544.8 R(ariable)-.25 -E F3 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) --.25 F .302(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E -3.592(ment. References)108 556.8 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F3 +(gument, running)-.18 E/F6 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 555.6 Q +F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 573.6 R(ariable)-.25 +E F1 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) +-.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E +3.592(ment. References)108 585.6 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F1 -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F0 3.592(,a)C 1.092(nd changes to its attrib) --3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .144 -(ments, and attrib)108 568.8 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F -.144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F3($1)2.644 E -F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .143 -(ariable in a)-.25 F F3 -.25(fo)108 580.8 S(r).25 E F0 .867 -(loop has the nameref attrib)3.367 F .867(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .868 -(ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .868 +-3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143 +(ments, and attrib)108 597.6 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F +.144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F1($1)2.644 E +F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 +(ariable in a)-.25 F F1 -.25(fo)108 609.6 S(r).25 E F0 .868 +(loop has the nameref attrib)3.368 F .868(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .867 +(ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .867 (ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509 -(will be established for each w)108 592.8 R .509 +(will be established for each w)108 621.6 R .509 (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 -604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.192(nt).15 G(he)-4.192 E F3(namer)4.192 E(ef) --.18 E F0(attrib)4.192 E 4.192(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.492 -.4(r, n).15 H 1.692(ameref v).4 F 1.693 -(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F 1.693(ariables and subscripted) --.25 F .102(array v)108 616.8 R 2.602(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .102 -(can be unset using the)2.602 F F32.602 E F0 .102(option to the) -2.602 F F3(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.601 G 2.601(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F -(if)2.601 E F3(unset)2.601 E F0 .101(is e)2.601 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -.442(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 628.8 R .442 -(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .443 +633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.193(nt).15 G(he)-4.193 E F1(namer)4.193 E(ef) +-.18 E F0(attrib)4.193 E 4.193(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.493 -.4(r, n).15 H 1.693(ameref v).4 F 1.692 +(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F 1.692(ariables and subscripted) +-.25 F .101(array v)108 645.6 R 2.601(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .101 +(can be unset using the)2.601 F F12.602 E F0 .102(option to the) +2.602 F F1(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.602 G 2.602(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F +(if)2.602 E F1(unset)2.602 E F0 .102(is e)2.602 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E +.443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 657.6 R .442 +(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E -(will be unset.)108 640.8 Q F3 -.2(Po)87 657.6 S(sitional P).2 E -(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 669.6 Q F2 .706(positional par)4.456 F(ameter) +(will be unset.)108 669.6 Q F1 -.2(Po)87 686.4 S(sitional P).2 E +(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 698.4 Q F3 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) -.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ - the single digit 0.)3.936 F(Posi-)5.705 E .444 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 681.6 R 2.944(sa) + the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 +(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 710.4 R 2.944(sa) -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .445(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 693.6 Q F3 -(set)3.334 E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional\ - parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.834 F -(The)5.833 E(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shel\ -l function is e)108 705.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E F4 -(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positional par\ -ameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 722.4 R 1.404 -(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(9)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 722.4 Q F1 +(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ + parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F +(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(9)200.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(braces \(see)108 -84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Special P)87 100.8 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 -1.675(The shell treats se)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675 -(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 -(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F -(them is not allo)108 124.8 Q(wed.)-.25 E F2(*)108 136.8 Q F0 .223 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 136.8 R -.224(When the e)5.224 F .224(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .663 -(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 148.8 R .662 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(positional parame\ +ters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is e)108 84 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When a positional parameter consisting o\ +f more than a single digit is e)108 100.8 R 1.403 +(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 112.8 Q F1(EXP) +2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Special P)87 129.6 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 +141.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) +-.65 G 1.675(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) +-6.675 F(them is not allo)108 153.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F2(*)108 165.6 Q F0 +.224(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 165.6 +R .223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 +(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 177.6 R .662 (xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 -(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.081(those w)144 160.8 R 1.081 -(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.082(ord splitting and pathname e) --.1 F 3.582(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.082(the e)3.582 F(xpansion)-.15 E -.915(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 172.8 R .914 -(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .914(ord with the v)-.1 F .914 -(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .89 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 184.8 R F1(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 -(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .891(is, ")3.391 F F2($*)A -F0 3.391("i)C 3.391(se)-3.391 G(qui)-3.391 E -.25(va)-.25 G .891 -(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2 -(...)A F0(",)A(where)144 196.8 Q F3(c)3.533 E F0 .832 -(is the \214rst character of the v)3.643 F .832(alue of the)-.25 F F1 +(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 189.6 R 1.082 +(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e) +-.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E +.914(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 201.6 R .914 +(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .915(ord with the v)-.1 F .915 +(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .891 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 213.6 R F1(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 +(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .89(is, ")3.39 F F2($*)A F0 +3.39("i)C 3.39(se)-3.39 G(qui)-3.39 E -.25(va)-.25 G .89(lent to ").25 F +F2($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0(",)A +(where)144 225.6 Q F3(c)3.532 E F0 .832 +(is the \214rst character of the v)3.642 F .832(alue of the)-.25 F F1 (IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If).25 F F1(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.832(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 208.8 +.833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 237.6 Q(If)5 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0 (is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E -(ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 220.8 Q F0 .605 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 220.8 R -.606(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 232.8 R .114(xpands to a separate w) --.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F2($@)A F0 2.613("i)C -2.613(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F2 -($1)A F0 2.613("")C F2($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 -(If the double-quoted e)144 244.8 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 -F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135 -(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .151(with the be)144 -256.8 R .151(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) --.1 F .15(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 -(the last part of the original w)144 268.8 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 -(there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F2($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) --2.838 E F2($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 280.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 292.8 Q F0 -(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 292.8 Q -F2(?)108 304.8 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 304.8 Q +(ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 249.6 Q F0 .606 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 249.6 R +.605(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .113 +(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 261.6 R .113(xpands to a separate w) +-.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .114(is, ")2.614 F F2($@)A F0 2.614("i)C +2.614(se)-2.614 G(qui)-2.614 E -.25(va)-.25 G .114(lent to ").25 F F2 +($1)A F0 2.614("")C F2($2)-2.614 E F0 2.614(".)C(..)-2.614 E .135 +(If the double-quoted e)144 273.6 R .135(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 +F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .134 +(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .15(with the be)144 +285.6 R .15(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) +-.1 F .151(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .338 +(the last part of the original w)144 297.6 R 2.838(ord. When)-.1 F .337 +(there are no positional parameters, ")2.838 F F2($@)A F0 2.837("a)C(nd) +-2.837 E F2($@)2.837 E F0 -.15(ex)2.837 G(pand).15 E +(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 309.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 321.6 Q F0 +(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 321.6 Q +F2(?)108 333.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 333.6 Q (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 -E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2108 316.8 Q F0 .882 -(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 316.8 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G -.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) -144 328.8 Q F22.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 340.8 Q F0 .214 -(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 340.8 R .214 +E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2108 345.6 Q F0 .881 +(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 345.6 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G +.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +144 357.6 Q F22.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 369.6 Q F0 .214 +(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 369.6 R .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 352.8 Q F2(!)108 364.8 Q F0 .499(Expands \ +(shell, not the subshell.)144 381.6 Q F2(!)108 393.6 Q F0 .499(Expands \ to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, \ -whether e)144 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E -(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 376.8 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 +whether e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 405.6 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F1(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 388.8 Q F0 1.691 -(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 388.8 R 1.692 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E -F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 400.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E -F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F23.077 E F0 .368 -(option, then)144 412.8 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 +(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 417.6 Q F0 1.692 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 417.6 R 1.691 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F2(bash)4.191 E +F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 429.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F2($0)3.077 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F2(bash)3.078 E +F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F23.078 E F0 .369 +(option, then)144 441.6 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 (is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E -(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 424.8 Q -.2 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E +(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 453.6 Q -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 (iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E -F2(_)108 436.8 Q F0 .055 -(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 436.8 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054(he shell or shell script being e).1 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691(as passed in the en)144 448.8 R .691 +F2(_)108 465.6 Q F0 .054 +(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 465.6 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 477.6 R .692 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E -3.191(,e)-.65 G .692(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the) --.18 F(pre)144 460.8 Q .571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071 +3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) +-.18 F(pre)144 489.6 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 (xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F --.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e).2 H .57(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 472.8 S -1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 +-.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 501.6 +S 1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -484.8 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 501.6 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -513.6 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) -108 530.4 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 -530.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 542.4 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 554.4 S .049 -(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) +513.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 530.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 +542.4 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) +108 559.2 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 +559.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E +F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 571.2 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 583.2 S .049 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F22.548 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 566.4 +(gument for the)-.18 F F22.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 595.2 R F2(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .477(appearing in)144 -578.4 R F1 -.27(BA)2.977 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .477(are those reported as) -2.727 F F3(on)3.207 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976 -(ft)-5.476 G .476(his v)-2.976 F .476(ariable is in the en)-.25 F -(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 590.4 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ -ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F -3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 602.4 Q -(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 614.4 S(SHPID).3 E -F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 626.4 R F2(bash) -2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F -F2($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F .548 -(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 638.4 R F2(bash) -3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 -F F1 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 +607.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) +2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 +(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 619.2 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F +3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 631.2 Q +(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 643.2 S(SHPID).3 E +F0 .187(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 655.2 R F2(bash) +2.687 E F0 2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188(fers from)-.25 F +F2($$)2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F .548 +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 667.2 R F2(bash) +3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .548(Assignments to)5.548 +F F1 -.27(BA)3.048 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 679.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 662.4 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 -674.4 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ +-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 691.2 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 +703.2 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 -(tained by the)144 686.4 R F2(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 +(tained by the)144 715.2 R F2(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 (iltin. Elements).2 F .16 (added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 -(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 698.4 R +(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 727.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.502 E F2 -.3(BA)144 710.4 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(10)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +9.503 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(10)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 96 R .934 +SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) +-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 108 R .935 (ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 108 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 +F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 120 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 (The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ - script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 120 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa)-2.641 G -2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 -(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.631(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -132 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.63(only when in)4.88 F -.15(ex)144 144 S(tended deb) -.15 E(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo) -.2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 -168 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 -F F1(bash)3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F(The) -5.98 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top\ - of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 180 R 1.424 -(call is at the bottom.)144 192 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F + script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 132 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G +2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 +(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 156 S .284 +(tended deb).15 F .284(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 +(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .283(option to the)2.783 F F1(shopt)2.783 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.783 G .283(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 168 Q F1 +(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(after the shell has started to e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E F1 -.3(BA)108 180 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 192 R .979 +(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) +3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.98 E .275(\ +\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stac\ +k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 204 R 1.424 +(call is at the bottom.)144 216 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 -F F2 -.27(BA)144 204 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) +F F2 -.27(BA)144 228 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) 6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F -2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F -(description of the)144 216 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the) -2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)108 228 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 240 R .25 -(ariable e)-.25 F .251 +2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .965 +(description of the)144 240 R F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 +(option to the)3.465 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 +(iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.966(after the shell)3.466 F(has started to e)144 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3 +(BA)108 264 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 276 R +.251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 (xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F -F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E 1.224 -(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 252 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E 1.224 +(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.724(\). Assignment).15 F(to)3.724 E F1 -.3(BA)3.724 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 -1.224(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 -(assigned to also be assigned to)144 264 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C +1.225(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 +(assigned to also be assigned to)144 300 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C (f)-5.247 E F1 -.3(BA)2.747 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .247 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.747 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) -.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 276 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 288 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 300 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668 +.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 312 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S +(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 336 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667 (rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ -h table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the)144 312 R F1(hash) -2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F .196 +h table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 348 R F1(hash) +2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ -t cause command names to be remo)144 324 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G -.852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 336 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G +t cause command names to be remo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G +.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 372 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 348 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 -(The command currently being e)144 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 +(The command currently being e)144 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -372 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -384 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 396 Q +408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +420 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 432 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 408 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 -(An array v)144 420 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 432 -R F2(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 -(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 444 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 +(An array v)144 456 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 468 R +F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) +-3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 480 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 456 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 492 Q(ASH_LINENO[) -.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -468 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 480 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 492 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ +504 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 528 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F -(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 504 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 -528 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 -E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 -(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 540 R .007 -(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 552 R(x)-.15 E -F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F -F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 564 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 576 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 588 R .125(ar\ +(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 540 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) +2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 +564 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 +E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 +(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 576 R .007 +(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 588 R(x)-.15 E +F4(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F +F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +(sion. This)144 600 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 612 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 624 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 600 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 636 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 612 Q F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 624 S -(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 -(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 636 R .296 -(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 648 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) -2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 660 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 -(Ar)144 672 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 648 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 660 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 +.296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 672 R +.296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 684 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) +2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 +(Ar)144 708 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 -(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 684 S -(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)144 702 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 702 Q -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 -(BA)144 714 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)264 714 Q -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(11)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 720 S +(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(11)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)264 -84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A -F1(])A F0(The b)264 96 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 108 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 108 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 120 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A F0(The v)264 120 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 --.3(BA)108 132 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 144 Q +SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 84 +Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G +(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A +F0(The minor v)264 96 Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 +E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 108 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0 +(The patch le)264 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 120 S +(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A F0(The b)264 120 Q(uild v)-.2 E +(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0 +(The release status \(e.g.,)264 132 Q F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) +144 144 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A F0(The v)264 144 Q(alue of) +-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 168 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -156 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 168 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E +180 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 192 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 180 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 204 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 192 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 204 Q F0(The k)144 216 Q .3 +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 216 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 228 Q F0(The k)144 240 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 228 Q F0 1.208 -(The current command line.)144 240 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 252 Q F0 1.207 +(The current command line.)144 264 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.848(mands in)144 252 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.849(mands in)144 276 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 264 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 276 Q F0 .667(The inde) -144 288 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 288 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 300 Q F0 .666(The inde) +144 312 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 +F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -300 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 312 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 324 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +324 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 336 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 348 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -336 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 348 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +360 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 372 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 360 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 +-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 384 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) -C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t) --.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 372 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 -(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) +C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 396 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592 +(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) -4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 -F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 384 R F2(%)4.053 E +F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 408 R F2(%)4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 396 S 2.928 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 420 S 2.929 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -408 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 420 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.336(The set of characters that the)144 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) -144 444 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 456 Q F1(COMP_W)108 468 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .654(An array v)144 480 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E -F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) --.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 492 R +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +432 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 444 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.335(The set of characters that the)144 456 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) +144 468 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G +(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 480 Q F1(COMP_W)108 492 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .653(An array v)144 504 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E +F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) +-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 516 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 -504 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 -(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) -144 516 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 528 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -144 540 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 +528 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 +(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) +144 540 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 552 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) +144 564 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 552 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 564 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 576 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 576 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 588 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 600 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 588 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 -(members of this array v)144 600 R 1.432 +1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 612 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 +(members of this array v)144 624 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 612 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 636 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 624 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 648 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 636 Q F1(EPOCHREAL)108 -648 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) -144 660 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 -F(\(see)144 672 Q F2(time)2.917 E F0 .417 -(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 -(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 -(ssignments to)-5.416 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 684 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 -1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E F0 -1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s)-3.591 E -(subsequently reset.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28) -136.795 E(12)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F1(EPOCHREAL) +108 672 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 684 R .337 +(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 +696 Q F2(time)2.916 E F0 .416(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 +(ssignments to)-5.417 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 708 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E +F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E +(subsequently reset.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 +E(12)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(EPOCHSECONDS)108 84 Q F0 .338 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 96 R .337 +SF(EPOCHSECONDS)108 84 Q F0 .337 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 96 R .338 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)4.041 E F0 4.041 -(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHSECONDS) -4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E -F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F(loses its special properties, e)144 120 Q +108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)4.042 E F0 4.042 +(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHSECONDS) +4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E +F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F(loses its special properties, e)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(EUID)108 132 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(EUID)108 132 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef) 144 132 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103 (ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 (ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 144 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 156 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 168 R .479 +-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 168 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 -(The element with inde)144 180 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 +(The element with inde)144 180 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 (element \(the one with the highest inde)144 192 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 -(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 -(tion is e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 +(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 +(tion is e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F (special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 234 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 246 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 246 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 (to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 258 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 -(at line number)144 270 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 282 Q F1(GR)108 294 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 +(at line number)144 270 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 282 Q F1(GR)108 294 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 (An array v)144 306 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E -.572(ments to)144 318 R F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E +.571(ments to)144 318 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s)-3.071 E -(subsequently reset.)144 330 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 342 Q F0 .355 -(The history number)144 354 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) --2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E +(subsequently reset.)144 330 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 342 Q F0 .356 +(The history number)144 354 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) +-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F +(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F (loses its special properties, e)144 366 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 (HOSTN)108 378 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 (Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 390 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 402 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 414 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 -.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 426 R(def) +(HOSTTYPE)108 402 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 414 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 426 R(def) 2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 438 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ ber representing the)144 450 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 462 R .078 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 474 R .306 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E -F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 462 R .079 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 474 R .307 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E +F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F (special properties, e)144 486 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 498 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 510 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 522 Q F2 +es the system type on which)144 510 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 522 Q F2 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 534 Q F0 .293 -(An array v)144 546 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 -(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 534 Q F0 .294 +(An array v)144 546 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 +(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 (iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 558 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 (OLDPWD)108 570 Q F0(The pre)144 582 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 594 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 606 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 594 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 606 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 -(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 618 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 630 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 642 R 4.151 -(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 654 +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 618 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 630 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 642 R 4.152 +(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 654 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 666 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 678 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 690 Q -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 702 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) -.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 714 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) -3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 -(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 726 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +g system on which)144 678 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 690 Q(ault is system-dependent.) +-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 702 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 +714 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 +(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 +(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 726 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(13)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(13)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1862,169 +1866,168 @@ SF(PPID)108 84 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 84 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E F1(PWD)108 96 Q F0(The current w)144 96 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 108 Q F0 .566 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 120 R .565 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(RANDOM)108 108 Q F0 .565 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 120 R .566 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 (sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 132 R .01(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E (unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 156 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 168 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 156 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 168 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 180 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 192 Q F0 .313 +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 180 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 192 Q F0 .314 (The position of the insertion point in the)144 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 -(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 216 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 +(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 216 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) 2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 (Set to the line of input read by the)144 240 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) -.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 252 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 276 R .712 +(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 276 R .712 (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712(the v) 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 288 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 288 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 (is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 300 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 312 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 324 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 312 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 324 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 336 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F -F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 -(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E -3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 348 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 336 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F +F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 +(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E +3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 348 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 (ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 360 Q F1(bash) -3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 372 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 384 Q (VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 396 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 408 Q F0 (Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 408 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 424.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 424.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 436.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.193(The v)144 465.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F -3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 -(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 --.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 477.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E -F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 489.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F --.25(va)2.861 G .361 -(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 -(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +1.192(The v)144 465.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 +(l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 477.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E +F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 489.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 +(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 +F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 (sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) 144 513.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 525.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 -(sets the compatibility le)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G -3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 -F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 +4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 525.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 +(sets the compatibility le)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 (correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 549.6 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076 -(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 561.6 Q F1 +(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 +(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 561.6 Q F1 (compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 -(If this parameter is set when)144 585.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) -3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 +(If this parameter is set when)144 585.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) +3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 (containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 597.6 R F5 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) -2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 609.6 R .525 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) +2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 609.6 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 (xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 621.6 Q F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 633.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 645.6 -R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 -F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 657.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 +108 633.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 645.6 +R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 +F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F +(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 657.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 (is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 (he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 669.6 S (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 G (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -681.6 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F2 -.27(BA)144 +681.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA)144 693.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ -\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F +\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F (standard error being closed.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(14)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(14)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(CDP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the) -144 96 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 +SF(CDP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the) +144 96 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 108 R F1 -(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 +(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 (alue is)-.25 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 120 Q F0(.)A F1 (CHILD_MAX)108 132 Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 144 R .997 (xited child status v)-.15 F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F -5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his) --3.497 E -.25(va)144 156 S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 +5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his) +-3.498 E -.25(va)144 156 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 (waP)-.25 G 1.077(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 -F 1.078(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 +F 1.077(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 168 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.) --.25 E F1(COLUMNS)108 180 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 192 R F1(select) -3.329 E F0 .828(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ -rinting selection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 204 R 2.006 -(set if the)4.506 F F1(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 216 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.25 E F1(COLUMNS)108 180 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 192 R F1(select) +3.328 E F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ +rinting selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 204 R 2.007 +(set if the)4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 216 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E -F0 .848(An array v)144 240 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash) +F0 .847(An array v)144 240 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash) 3.348 E F0 .848 (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F (in)144 252 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F1 (Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 (w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -264 Q F1(EMA)108 276 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 288 Q F1(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 -(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F2(t)2.535 E -F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F +264 Q F1(EMA)108 276 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 288 Q F1(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 +(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F2(t)2.536 E +F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F (shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 300 Q(uf)-.2 E (fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 312 Q F0(Similar to) 144 312 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F4(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 324 Q F0 2.716(Ac)144 -336 S .216(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.716 F F1 -.1 +2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 324 Q F0 2.717(Ac)144 +336 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 -.1 (Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C -.217(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .117 -(ignored by command search using)144 348 R F1 -.74(PA)2.617 G(TH)-.21 E -F0 5.117(.F)C .116 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.117 F 1.432 +.216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 +(ignored by command search using)144 348 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E +F0 5.116(.F)C .117 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 (are not considered e)144 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.433(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 372 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.909(lookup. This)2.909 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) +(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 372 S(TH)-.21 E F0 +2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) -.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)2.908 E F0(,)A F1(test)2.908 E F0 -2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.908(commands. Full)2.908 F -(pathnames)2.908 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 +2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F +(pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 384 R F1(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 (ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 396 R 1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 @@ -2033,123 +2036,123 @@ F0 5.117(.F)C .116 (honors the setting of the)144 408 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) 2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 420 Q F0(The def)144 432 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 444 Q F0 -2.598(Ac)144 456 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E +2.599(Ac)144 456 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 -(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 468 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 -(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 +(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 468 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 +(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 (xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 480 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 -492 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v)144 504 R .231 +492 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 504 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. Function).15 F(in)2.731 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E (cations that e)144 516 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)108 528 Q F0 2.924(Ac)144 540 S .423(olon-separated list of\ +(GLOBIGNORE)108 528 Q F0 2.923(Ac)144 540 S .423(olon-separated list of\ patterns de\214ning the set of \214le names to be ignored by pathname \ -e)-2.924 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.947(sion. If)144 552 R 2.947<618c>2.947 G .447 -(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.947 F .448 +e)-2.923 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.948(sion. If)144 552 R 2.948<618c>2.948 G .448 +(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.948 F .447 (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 (GLOBIGNORE)144 564 Q F4(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) .15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 576 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 -2.654(Ac)144 588 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153 +2.653(Ac)144 588 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153 (alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.) --2.653 F .153(If the list)5.153 F .49(of v)144 600 R .49(alues includes) --.25 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.99 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 -G .49(ines which be)-2.99 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 -.491(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.991(di).15 G 2.991(nt) --2.991 G .491(he his-)-2.991 F .558(tory list.)144 612 R 3.058(Av)5.558 -G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F5(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.958 -(Av)144 624 S .458(alue of)-3.208 F F5(ignor)2.968 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.458(is shorthand for)3.238 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.959 E F5(ignor)2.959 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.459(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .459 -(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.959 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.959 E .699 +-2.653 F .154(If the list)5.153 F .491(of v)144 600 R .491 +(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 +E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F +F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99 +(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 612 R +3.057(Av)5.557 G .557(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 +.557(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.926 +(Av)144 624 S .426(alue of)-3.176 F F5(ignor)2.936 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.426(is shorthand for)3.206 F F5(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.926 E F5(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.501 G +.425(lue of).25 F F5(er)3.115 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.195 E .698 (all pre)144 636 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .698(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 648 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.763(d. An).15 F 2.763(yv)-.15 G .263 -(alue not in the abo)-3.013 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .264 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.942(av)144 660 S .442(alid v) --3.192 F .442(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.941(do).15 G 2.941(nt)-2.941 G .441 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.941 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F3 +3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F +(sa)144 648 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 +(alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 660 S .441(alid v) +-3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3 (HISTIGNORE)144 672 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ -f a multi-line compound command are not)6.481 F +f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F (tested, and are added to the history re)144 684 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) A F1(HISTFILE)108 696 Q F0 .181 (The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 708 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.681(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.681 E .181(ault v) +-.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) -.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 720 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(15)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(15)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(HISTFILESIZE)108 84 Q F0 1.622 +SF(HISTFILESIZE)108 84 Q F0 1.623 (The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 96 R -1.623(When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 -108 S .932(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F +1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 +108 S .931(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F 3.432(,t)-.65 G 3.432(oc)-3.432 G .932 -(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 120 Q .87 -(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .871(The history \214le is also trunca\ -ted to this size after writing it when a)5.87 F 1.245(shell e)144 132 R -3.745(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 -(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.244 -(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.244(alues and)-.25 F 1.021(numeric v)144 144 R +(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 120 Q +.871(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .87(The history \214le is also tru\ +ncated to this size after writing it when a)5.871 F 1.244(shell e)144 +132 R 3.744(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.245 +(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.245(alues and)-.25 F 1.022(numeric v)144 144 R 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) --.25 F 1.022(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 156 Q F0(after reading an) +-.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 156 Q F0(after reading an) 2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 168 Q F0 -2.658(Ac)144 180 S .158(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.658 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.657(do).15 G -2.657(nt)-2.657 G .157(he his-)-2.657 F .707(tory list.)144 192 R .707 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.707 F .708 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .626 -(\(no implicit `)144 204 R F1(*)A F0 3.126('i)C 3.126(sa)-3.126 G 3.126 -(ppended\). Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 +2.657(Ac)144 180 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ +which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G +2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 192 R .708 +(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 +(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 +(\(no implicit `)144 204 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 +(ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)144 216 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 228 R 2.515(vious history line.) +F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 228 R 2.514(vious history line.) -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 (ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 240 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(db).15 G .852(efore attempting a match.)-3.352 F +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F 1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 252 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)3.769 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 (The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 264 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 276 Q F0 1.387 (The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 288 R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 300 S 1.321 -(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 -(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 312 T .436 -(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 -G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 -(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E +-.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 300 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 +(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 312 T .437 +(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 +G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 +(The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E (to 500 after reading an)144 324 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 336 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 348 R .952 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 +F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 336 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 348 R .951 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 (alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951(\(3\) to print the)B .672 +(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952(\(3\) to print the)B .673 (time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 360 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) -3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) +3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 (set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 372 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 384 Q F1(HOME)108 396 Q F0 1.27 (The home directory of the current user; the def)144 408 R 1.27(ault ar) @@ -2159,54 +2162,54 @@ F1(HOME)108 396 Q F0 1.27 (HOSTFILE)108 432 Q F0 1.015 (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 444 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 456 R .551 +.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 456 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 468 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 468 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 (alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 480 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 492 R F1(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 -(attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 504 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 492 R F1(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 +(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 504 Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F1(IFS)108 516 Q F0(The)144 516 Q F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 -(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 -(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +2.25 E F1(IFS)108 516 Q F0(The)144 516 Q F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 528 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E (`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 540 Q F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 552 R .803 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) 144 564 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 (on an input line before)144 576 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 588 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 588 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 600 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 612 R F1 -.18(re) +(INPUTRC)108 600 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 612 R F1 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F2(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 624 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 636 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)144 636 R -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F2(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 624 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F1(LANG)108 636 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 636 R +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 648 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 660 Q F0 .973 -(This v)144 672 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 +(starting with)144 648 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 660 Q F0 .974 +(This v)144 672 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 684 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 696 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 708 R .412(ariable det\ +.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 684 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 696 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 708 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 720 R 1.464 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(16)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 720 R 1.465 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(16)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2214,9 +2217,9 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(within pathname e) 144 84 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(LC_CTYPE)108 96 Q F0 1.936(This v)144 108 R 1.936 +(LC_CTYPE)108 96 Q F0 1.935(This v)144 108 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 120 Q +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 120 Q (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 132 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(This v)144 144 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) @@ -2224,23 +2227,23 @@ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 180 Q F0(This v) 144 192 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E (gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 204 Q F0 -.054(Used by the)144 204 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 -(Automatically set if the)144 216 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 +.055(Used by the)144 204 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 216 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 (hell upon receipt of a).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGWINCH)144 228 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 240 Q F0 1.201 (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 240 -R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.202 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 +R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 (informs the user of the arri)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 264 Q F0 .099 -(Speci\214es ho)144 276 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 264 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 276 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 288 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +mpt.)144 288 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F (or set to a v)144 300 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 312 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 324 S .49 @@ -2258,31 +2261,31 @@ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 312 Q (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 384 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 396 Q F0 .389 -(If set to the v)144 408 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 --.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 420 R(UIL) --.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR) -5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 432 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 444 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 -(The search path for commands.)144 444 R .588 +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 396 Q F0 .39 +(If set to the v)144 408 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 420 R +(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in) +2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 432 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 444 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)144 444 R .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 456 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 456 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 468 S -.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 480 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 480 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) -.1 F(administrator who installs)144 492 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF (/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 504 Q -F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 516 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 528 R -.472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 -E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471 -(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 516 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 528 R +.471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 +E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 +(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 (the startup \214les, as if the)144 540 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 (If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 @@ -2303,48 +2306,48 @@ E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 648 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 660 Q F0 .064(The v)144 660 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 660 Q F0 .065(The v)144 660 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 672 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 684 Q F0 .118(The v)144 684 R .118 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 696 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 708 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 708 R 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 684 Q F0 .117(The v)144 684 R .117 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) +5.118 E(def)144 696 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 708 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 708 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) 144 720 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(17)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(17)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(PS4)108 84 Q F0 .101(The v)144 84 R .101(alue of this parameter is e) --.25 F .101(xpanded as with)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1 -(and the v)2.35 F .1(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash) -144 96 Q F0 .334(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335 +SF(PS4)108 84 Q F0 .1(The v)144 84 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 +F .1(xpanded as with)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101 +(and the v)2.35 F .101(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1 +(bash)144 96 Q F0 .335(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335 (cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .335(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-) -2.585 F(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .335(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-) +2.584 F(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5 (oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.) .15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 -E F1(SHELL)108 120 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 132 +E F1(SHELL)108 120 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 132 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If) --.25 F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 144 Q F1 +-.25 F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 144 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 156 Q(T)-.95 E F0 -.826(The v)144 168 R .826 +.827(The v)144 168 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 180 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 -(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 180 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 (an escape sequence that is e)144 192 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 204 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 222 Q F0 2.5 (Al)194 222 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 234 Q/F3 10 @@ -2356,20 +2359,20 @@ F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 (The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 270 Q .87 (The optional)144 286.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 298.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 310.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 322.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 339.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 298.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 310.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 322.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 339.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 351.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 -(If this v)144 368.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 351.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 +(If this v)144 368.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 144 380.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 @@ -2378,184 +2381,184 @@ E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 404.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 416.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 428.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F -.886(ing from a terminal.)144 440.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 428.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F +.885(ing from a terminal.)144 440.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 452.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 464.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 476.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 488.4 -R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 500.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 512.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 524.4 -R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 536.4 R +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 476.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 488.4 +R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 500.4 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 512.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 +524.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 536.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 548.4 S .366(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F -1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -560.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 572.4 Q 1.132 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 548.4 S .367(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F +1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +560.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 572.4 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 584.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +-.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 596.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 608.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E -F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 608.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E +F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 620.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 632.4 Q(.)-.55 -E F1(histchars)108 644.4 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 656.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57 -(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 668.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F3 1.216 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G -1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 632.4 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(histchars)108 644.4 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 656.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G +4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F +2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E +(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 668.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E +3.716(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G +1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) 144 680.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 692.4 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 692.4 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G +.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 (ing one string for another in the command.)144 704.4 R .575(The def) -5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 -(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ +5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 716.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 728.4 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +char)144 716.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 728.4 R 1.293 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 (history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(18)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(18)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .379 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 84 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F .38 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .38 +(skipped for the remaining w)144 84 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 (It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Arrays)87 112.8 Q(Bash)108 124.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891 -(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891 -(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391 -(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89(ariable may be used as an) --3.641 F(inde)108 136.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the) --2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e) -.2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074 -(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F .329(an array)108 -148.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr)-.15 G .329 -(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G -2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.328(.I)-.65 G -(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328(rrays are refer)-2.828 +(Arrays)87 112.8 Q(Bash)108 124.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89 +(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891 +(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391 +(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891(ariable may be used as an) +-3.641 F(inde)108 136.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the) +-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e) +.2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073 +(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F .328(an array)108 +148.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr)-.15 G .329 +(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G +2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.329(.I)-.65 G +(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 160.8 R 1.595 (gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 172.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 189.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.962 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 201.6 -Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F2(subscript)4.388 E F0 -1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o) --7.349 E -.15(ex)108 213.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1 +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 189.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.963 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 201.6 +Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F2(subscript)4.389 E F0 +1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o) +-7.348 E -.15(ex)108 213.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1 (declar)4.48 E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 225.6 Q -2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 225.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G +(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 (is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E (Associati)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -259.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 -(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 --.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 271.2 Q +259.2 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 +-.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 271.2 Q (.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 288 R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F2(value)108 300 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F2 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F2(value)108 300 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F2 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 (When assigning to inde)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 324 R 3.91 -(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) --3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) --3.911 F(Inde)108 336 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E -(When assigning to an associati)108 352.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 -E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 369.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 +(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 324 R +3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 336 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 352.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 369.6 R F1(declar) +2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 381.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) -4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 393.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 393.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E (of)108 405.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 417.6 Q(An)108 434.4 Q -3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.576 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 -(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 +(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 446.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 -(These subscripts dif)108 458.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 470.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B -.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 458.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 470.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.375(of the)108 482.4 R F3(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 +1.374(of the)108 482.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 494.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 +2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 (within a w)108 506.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 518.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 -F .228(to the e)108 530.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 +F .227(to the e)108 530.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 (\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 542.4 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 554.4 -R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F2(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 554.4 +R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F2(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 -(luates to a number).25 F .628 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 566.4 R .928 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G -3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 +(luates to a number).25 F .629 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 566.4 R .929 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G +3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (indices count back from the end of the array)108 578.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 @@ -2566,96 +2569,96 @@ E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 624 Q (ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 640.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1 -(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 652.8 S .75 +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 640.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F1 +(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 652.8 S .749 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 681.6 Q F1(unset) -2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 693.6 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475 -(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) --3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +-.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 693.6 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474 +(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) +-3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614 -(described abo)108 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.615 E F2 -(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 717.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 +(described abo)108 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.614 E F2 +(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 717.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 (or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28) -136.795 E(19)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) +146.79 E(19)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .848 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .847 (When using a v)108 84 R .848(ariable name with a subscript as an ar) -.25 F .848(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 96 R -.344(ord e)-.1 F .344(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.845(,t).15 G .345(he ar)-2.845 F .345 -(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-) -2.845 E(name e)108 108 Q(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E -(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re) -3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F +SF(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 96 R +.345(ord e)-.1 F .345(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.845(,t).15 G .345(he ar)-2.845 F .344 +(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-) +2.844 E(name e)108 108 Q(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E +(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e) +-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re) +3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F13.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073(rray and a)-3.573 F F13.573 E F0 .338 +G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F13.574 E F0 .339 (option to specify an associati)108 136.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F12.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 (accepts a)108 148.8 R F12.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 160.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 177.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 189.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F/F3 10 +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .37 (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 213.6 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .418(The order of e)108 230.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 -(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S -.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +E .419(The order of e)108 230.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 +(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S +.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion.)108 254.4 Q .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 271.2 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 283.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .003(After these e)108 300 R .003 +-.15 E .002(After these e)108 300 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 -(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 312 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 +(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 312 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F3(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 328.8 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19 +E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 328.8 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F --.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 -F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.744 -("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 -(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.745 E F3 -(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F +-.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 +F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.745 +("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 +(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.744 E F3 +(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 364.8 S (RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 381.6 Q F3(Br)108.58 393.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 @@ -2664,70 +2667,70 @@ Q F3(Br)108.58 393.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 417.6 R F3(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 417.6 R F3(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 429.6 R .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 441.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 453.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 470.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +ch resulting string, e)108 441.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 453.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 470.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) 108 482.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) -108 499.2 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 -(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A -F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F3(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F3(y) -3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 511.2 Q F3(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 499.2 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F3(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F3(y) +3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 511.2 Q F3(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -523.2 R F3(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F3(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 535.2 R .014(When either)5.014 F F3(x)2.514 E F0(or) -2.514 E F3(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +523.2 R F3(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F3(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 535.2 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F3(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 547.2 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F (xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.064(pands to each character le) .15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 571.2 R F3(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F3(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 571.2 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) -.25 E(between each term.)108 583.2 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 600 R -.581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) --3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 612 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 624 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.632(Ac) -108 640.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must \ +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 600 +R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 612 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 624 Q(xt of the e) +-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac) +108 640.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \ contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F -3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 652.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F +3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 652.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 (unchanged. A)108 664.8 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 676.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 676.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F (xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 688.8 Q (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ gs to be generated is)108 705.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 717.6 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28) -136.795 E(20)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 +E(20)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2740,161 +2743,161 @@ BP (Brace e)108 124.8 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) -5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 136.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15 +5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 136.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 160.8 Q F0 -.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 -(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 +(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 (If strict compatibility with)108 172.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 184.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 201.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 213.6 R 1.086(ord be) --.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +87 201.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 213.6 R 1.087(ord be) +-.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ ed a)108 225.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ \214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 237.6 R -.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 249.6 Q -.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 249.6 Q +.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 261.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 261.6 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 273.6 Q .093 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 273.6 Q .092 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 290.4 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 302.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 302.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 314.4 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 314.4 R F2(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -326.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 338.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +326.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 338.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) 108 350.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 367.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 384 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 384 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 396 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 396 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 408 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G (H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 (,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1 -.1(Pa)87 424.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 436.8 R -F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F -1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 448.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 460.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +F1 -.1(Pa)87 424.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 436.8 R +F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F +1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 448.8 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 460.8 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -472.8 Q 1.19 +472.8 Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -489.6 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 501.6 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 513.6 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 530.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 -(The v)144 542.4 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F -F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +489.6 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +501.6 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 513.6 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 530.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(})A 1.204(The v)144 542.4 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 554.4 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 (be interpreted as part of its name.)144 566.4 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) 5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 578.4 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 595.2 R F2(par)2.846 E +(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 595.2 R F2(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G -(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.635(al)108 607.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635 -(lo).25 G 2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F1(Bash) +2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G +(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 607.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634 +(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F1(Bash) 5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 619.2 R 1.003 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 619.2 R 1.003 (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .258 -(rather than the v)108 631.2 R .258(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.757 E +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .257 +(rather than the v)108 631.2 R .257(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.757 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 2.757(itself. This)2.757 F .257(is kno)2.757 F .257 (wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.757 E .257(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.257 -(.T)C .257(he v)-5.257 F .257(alue is subject to tilde)-.25 F -.15(ex) -108 643.2 S 2.766(pansion, parameter e).15 F 2.766 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 5.267 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)5.267 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.767(is a)5.267 F -.462(nameref, this e)108 655.2 R .461(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.461(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.961 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .461 -(instead of performing the com-)2.961 F 2.418(plete indirect e)108 667.2 -R 4.918(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.918 G 2.418 -(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.419(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.919(}a)C 2.419(nd ${)-4.919 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A .465(described belo)108 679.2 R 4.265 -.65 -(w. T)-.25 H .465(he e).65 F .465 -(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 2.965(wt)-.25 G .464 +(.T)C .257(he v)-5.257 F .258(alue is subject to tilde)-.25 F -.15(ex) +108 643.2 S 2.767(pansion, parameter e).15 F 2.766 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 5.266 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)5.266 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.766(is a)5.266 F +.461(nameref, this e)108 655.2 R .461(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F +.461(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.961 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .462 +(instead of performing the com-)2.961 F 2.419(plete indirect e)108 667.2 +R 4.919(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.919 G 2.418 +(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.418(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 +(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.918(}a)C 2.418(nd ${)-4.918 F F1(!)A F2 +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A .464(described belo)108 679.2 R 4.264 -.65 +(w. T)-.25 H .464(he e).65 F .464 +(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 2.965(wt)-.25 G .465 (he left brace in order to introduce indi-)-2.965 F(rection.)108 691.2 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 708 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 720 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(21)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(21)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.09 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.089 (When not performing substring e)108 84 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 -E F0 1.089(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 96 Q -(Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unse\ -t.)5 E(${)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1 -<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 124.8 R -(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor) -3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.)3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E +(e.g.,)-3.589 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.59 E +F0 1.09(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 96 Q(Om\ +itting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 +E(${)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 124.8 R(alues)-.92 E +F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723 +(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E (wise, the v)144 136.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005(Assign Default V)144 160.8 R(alues)-.92 -E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F 2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.844 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.004(is assigned to)5.274 F F2(par)144 172.8 Q(ameter)-.15 -E F0 5.278(.T).73 G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.028 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004(Assign Default V)144 160.8 R(alues)-.92 +E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 +(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E +(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 172.8 Q(ameter)-.15 +E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 184.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E (${)108 196.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .535(Display Err)144 208.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 220.8 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 220.8 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F (interacti)144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 244.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 @@ -2907,79 +2910,78 @@ F1 .535(Display Err)144 208.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) 144 304.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 -(character speci\214ed by)144 316.8 R F2(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 -(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 +(character speci\214ed by)144 316.8 R F2(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F1(*) -3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 328.8 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F1(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 328.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 -(substring of the v)144 340.8 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F -F2(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) --.15 F .846(end of the v)144 352.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 +(substring of the v)144 340.8 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F +F2(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) +-.15 F .847(end of the v)144 352.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 (and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 364.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 388.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 364.8 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 388.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 400.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.046(end of the v)144 400.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 412.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 424.8 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +(of)144 412.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 424.8 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 436.8 Q -.2 (vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 460.8 Q F2(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 -E F1(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F2(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 472.8 R .095 -(en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 -(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 -G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) -.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 -(the last positional parameter)144 484.8 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti) --6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if) --3.972 F F2(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 460.8 Q F2(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 +E F1(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F2(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) +2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 472.8 R .6 +(en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 +(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G +3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 484.8 +R 5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G +.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F2(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 (luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 496.8 Q(If)144 520.8 Q F2 -(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --3.014 F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082 -(the array be)144 532.8 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081 -(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo) -.15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 544.8 R -3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F -6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G -1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F2(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08 +-3.014 F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 +(the array be)144 532.8 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 +(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) +.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 544.8 R +3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079 +(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079 +(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F2(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 (luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 556.8 Q(Substring e)144 580.8 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931(Substring inde)144 604.8 +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 604.8 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, i\ -n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 616.8 Q .306(xing starts at 1 by def) --.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.807 E F0 -.307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 628.8 Q(${)108 645.6 +n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 616.8 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def) +-.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.806 E F0 +.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 628.8 Q(${)108 645.6 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 657.6 Q F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .085(Names matching pr)144 669.6 R -(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.584 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 681.6 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.758 E F0 .258 -(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084(Names matching pr)144 669.6 R +(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084 +(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 681.6 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 +.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.757 E F0 .257 +(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F (within double quotes, each v)144 693.6 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E (xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(22)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(22)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2987,36 +2989,36 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]}) -A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.036 +A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.035 (List of array k)144 108 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F2(name) 4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.595(assigned in)144 120 R F2(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F2 -(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F2(@)144 132 Q F0 +.596(assigned in)144 120 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2 +(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 132 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -148.8 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 160.8 S .471 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 -(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F2(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 172.8 Q F0(is)4.438 E F1(*)3.708 E F0(or) -3.708 E F1(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +148.8 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 160.8 S .47 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +172.8 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.209 E F2(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 (array name subscripted by)144 184.8 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F2(par)145.25 196.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 -(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 208.8 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 196.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 208.8 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) 144 220.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 237.6 Q F2 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 249.6 Q F2 @@ -3024,29 +3026,29 @@ G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 237.6 Q F2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.152(name e)144 273.6 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 +.151(name e)144 273.6 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 (the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152 (hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 285.6 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) -.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F1 (#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) 144 297.6 R(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) .74 F(If)5.281 E F2(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F1(@)2.781 E -F0(or)2.781 E F1(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) +F0(or)2.781 E F1(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo) 144 309.6 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 321.6 R -(If)5.402 E F2(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 321.6 R +(If)5.401 E F2(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F1(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E +2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E (is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 333.6 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 350.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 362.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 374.4 Q .346 -.1 -(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he) --5.146 E F2(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 374.4 Q .347 -.1 +(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he) +-5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 386.4 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) @@ -3055,66 +3057,66 @@ G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 398.4 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F2 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 410.4 S F1 -(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 +(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F2(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F1(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F1(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 422.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 -(lo).25 G .441 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F1(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F1(*)2.542 E F0 +2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 422.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G +2.941(lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 434.4 R(If) -5.241 E F2(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F1(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 434.4 R(If) +5.24 E F2(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F1(*)2.741 E +F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 +G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 446.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 463.2 Q F2(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa) -144 475.2 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C -(he)-6.106 E F2(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +144 475.2 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C +(he)-6.107 E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 487.2 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 499.2 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 -E F2(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F2(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F2(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 511.2 R -(If)5.807 E F2(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F1(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 523.2 S .62 -(lue of).25 F F2(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F2 -(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 -(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 535.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F2(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +(sion.)144 487.2 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 499.2 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) +-5.161 E F2(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F1(/) +2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F2(pattern)2.661 E F0 +.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F2(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 511.2 R +(If)5.806 E F2(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F1(#) +3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 523.2 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F2(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F2 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.121 E F0 +3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 535.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F2(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) 3.753 F F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F1(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) -3.753 F 2.731(omitted. If)144 547.2 R(the)2.731 E F1(nocasematch)2.731 E -F0 .231(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188 -(case of alphabetic characters.)144 559.2 R(If)5.188 E F2(par)3.938 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.418 E F1(@)2.688 E F0(or)2.688 E F1(*)2.687 E F0 -2.687(,t)C .187(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F -.445(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 571.2 R .446 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F2(par)4.196 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 -(able subscripted with)144 583.2 R F1(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F1(*)2.963 -E F0 2.963(,t)C .462 +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F 2.732(omitted. If)144 547.2 R(the)2.732 E F1(nocasematch)2.732 E +F0 .231(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.732 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .231(rd to the).05 F .187 +(case of alphabetic characters.)144 559.2 R(If)5.187 E F2(par)3.937 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.417 E F1(@)2.687 E F0(or)2.687 E F1(*)2.688 E F0 +2.688(,t)C .188(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.688 F +.446(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 571.2 R .446 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.445 E F2(par)4.195 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .445(is an array v)3.675 F(ari-)-.25 E .462 +(able subscripted with)144 583.2 R F1(@)2.962 E F0(or)2.962 E F1(*)2.962 +E F0 2.962(,t)C .463 (he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) --2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 595.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.) +-2.962 F(turn, and the e)144 595.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.) -.15 E(${)108 612 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A (${)108 624 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 636 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 648 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .437 -(Case modi\214cation)144 660 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .438 +(Case modi\214cation)144 660 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F2(pattern)144 672 Q F0 -1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 684 S -1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F2(pattern)144 672 Q F0 +1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 684 S +1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 696 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 @@ -3123,156 +3125,155 @@ F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 -.15(ve)144 708 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F1(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 720 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)4.047 E F0 +1.547(letters to lo)144 720 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)4.047 E F0 (and)4.047 E F1(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(23)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(23)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -.633(lue; the).25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 E F1(,) -3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634(xpanded v)-.15 -F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)144 96 Q F0 .78 +.634(lue; the).25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 E F1(,) +3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633(xpanded v)-.15 +F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)144 96 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F2(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F1(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F1(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 108 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 120 R(If)5.469 E F2 +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 120 R(If)5.468 E F2 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F1(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F1(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 132 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F1(@)A F2(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 160.8 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 172.8 R F2 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -184.8 Q F1(Q)144 208.8 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 208.8 R 1.064 +F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 172.8 R F2 +(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F2(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +184.8 Q F1(Q)144 208.8 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 208.8 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 220.8 Q F1(E)144 232.8 Q F0 .441(The e)180 232.8 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 220.8 Q F1(E)144 232.8 Q F0 .44(The e)180 232.8 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 244.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 256.8 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 256.8 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 244.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E +F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 256.8 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 256.8 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 268.8 Q F1(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 280.8 Q F0 1.138 +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 280.8 Q F0 1.137 (The e)180 280.8 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 292.8 Q +F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 292.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(a)144 304.8 Q F0 (The e)180 304.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 321.6 Q F2(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.81 E F1(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F1(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 321.6 Q F2(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.811 E F1(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F1(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 333.6 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) -5.13 E F2(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F1(*)2.629 E -F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E +-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 333.6 S .129(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.129 E F2(par)3.879 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.359 F +.13(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1(*)2.63 E +F0 2.63(,t)C .13(he oper)-2.63 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -345.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 369.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 381.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 398.4 Q F2 -1.698(Command substitution)108 410.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 422.4 Q F1($\()144 439.2 Q F2 +345.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.85(The result of the e) +144 369.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described)-.15 F +(belo)144 381.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 398.4 Q F2 +1.697(Command substitution)108 410.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 422.4 Q F1($\()144 439.2 Q F2 (command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 451.2 Q F1<92>144 463.2 Q F2(command) -A F1<92>A(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 -.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 +.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) 108 492 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 -F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 504 +F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b)108 504 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F -.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le)2.692 +.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le)2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 516 Q -.25(va)-.25 G (lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 532.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 544.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ +.315(when follo)108 544.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 +<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 556.8 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 556.8 R 1.386(using the $\() +3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 568.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 585.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 597.6 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 614.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 F(on the results.)108 626.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 643.2 Q F0 -1.034(Arithmetic e)108 655.2 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 655.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 667.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() 144 684 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 700.8 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 712.8 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 +(treated specially)108 712.8 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 724.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(24)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 +(tution, and quote remo)108 724.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(24)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S -(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 100.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 100.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) 3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)5.879 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 112.8 S(pr).2 E +A F0(If)5.878 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 112.8 S(pr).2 E (ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E (ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 129.6 Q (ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 141.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 153.6 Q F4(<\()3.25 E F3 -(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F4(>\()3.25 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 153.6 Q F4(<\()3.251 E F3 +(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F4(>\()3.251 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 165.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F4(>\()2.647 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 177.6 R .559 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F4(>\()2.648 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 177.6 R .56 (vide input for)-.15 F F3(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.06 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 189.6 Q .309 +(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.059 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .559 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 189.6 Q .308 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F3(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 201.6 Q F3(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F4(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 218.4 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 218.4 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 230.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 --.75(Wo)87 247.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 259.2 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +-.75(Wo)87 247.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 259.2 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 271.2 Q F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 288 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 @@ -3280,79 +3281,79 @@ F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) 108 300 R(If)5.207 E F1(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4()2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 312 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 -()3.336 E F0(,)A F4()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F4 -()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 324 R .345 +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4()2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 312 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 +()3.337 E F0(,)A F4()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F4 +()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 324 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 336 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.736 E -F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 336 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.737 E +F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)108 -348 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F4(newline)2.507 E -F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 -F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92(ter is in the v) -108 360 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 E F1(IFS)3.42 E -F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92 -(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921(that is not)3.17 F F1(IFS) -3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429(along with an)108 372 R 2.928(ya) --.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +348 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F4(newline)2.506 E +F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 +F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 +(ter is in the v)108 360 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 +E F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc) +-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not)3.17 F +F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 372 R 2.928 +(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace charac-)2.678 +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 384 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G (he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E (ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 400.8 R 1.927 (guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F4 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 412.8 R .485 +6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 412.8 R .484 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 -G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 -E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 424.8 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 +G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 +E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 424.8 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 (passed to a command as an empty string.)108 436.8 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 448.8 S .175 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 448.8 S .176 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F52.676 -E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 +/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F52.675 +E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 460.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 477.6 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 -494.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 506.4 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F4(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F4([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 +494.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 506.4 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 518.4 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F3(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 (cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 530.4 R F1 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 -(are found, and the shell option)108 542.4 R F4(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 -(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 -(If the)5.009 F F4(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 -(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 554.4 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F4(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 -(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009 +(are found, and the shell option)108 542.4 R F4(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008 +(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008 +(If the)5.008 F F4(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(option is)2.508 F .442 +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 554.4 R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F4(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443 +(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38 (found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F4 -(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 +(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 (enabled, the match is performed without re)108 578.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 -(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 590.4 R .377 +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 +(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 590.4 R .378 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 602.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 -E 3.854(,u)-.65 G 1.354(nless the shell option)-3.854 F F4(dotglob)3.854 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.353(matched e)108 602.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 +E 3.853(,u)-.65 G 1.353(nless the shell option)-3.853 F F4(dotglob)3.854 E F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F4 -.63(``) -3.854 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F4 -.63(``)3.853 G(..).63 -E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.353(must al)6.983 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.353(ys be).1 F +3.854 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F4 -.63(``)3.854 G(..).63 +E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.354(must al)6.984 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.354(ys be).1 F .425(matched e)108 614.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.925(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve) -3.175 G 2.925(ni).15 G(f)-2.925 E F4(dotglob)2.925 E F0 .425(is set.) 2.925 F .425(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.425 @@ -3360,45 +3361,45 @@ F -.1(wa)-.1 G .425(ys be).1 F .56(matched e)108 626.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 5.56(.I)-.65 G 3.06(no)-5.56 G .56(ther cases, the)-3.06 F F4 -.63(``) 3.06 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .56(character is not treated specially) 5.56 F 5.56(.S)-.65 G .56(ee the description of)-5.56 F F4(shopt)3.06 E -F0(belo)108 638.4 Q 3.595(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.595 E F1 1.096(SHELL B)3.595 +F0(belo)108 638.4 Q 3.596(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.596 E F1 1.096(SHELL B)3.596 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.096(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 1.096 (for a description of the)3.346 F F4(nocaseglob)3.596 E F0(,)A F4 -(nullglob)3.596 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)3.596 E F0 3.596(,a)C(nd)-3.596 E +(nullglob)3.596 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)3.595 E F0 3.595(,a)C(nd)-3.595 E F4(dotglob)108 650.4 Q F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 667.2 Q F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F .131 +(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F3(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F1(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE) -108 679.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also matche\ -s one of the patterns in)4.264 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E -(remo)108 691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F4(nocaseglob) -3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 703.2 Q F0 .146 -(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F +F F3(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F1(GLO-)2.631 E +(BIGNORE)108 679.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.264 E(remo)108 691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414 +(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F4(nocaseglob) +3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 703.2 Q F0 .147 +(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F4 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.147 E F4 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 -(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 +F0(and)5.146 E F4 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 715.2 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .682(enabling the)108 727.2 R F4(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 727.2 R F4(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F4 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(25)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(beha)108 84 Q -1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F +1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684 -(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 96 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 -(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 -(is unset.)2.882 F .632(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 +(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 96 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632 +(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 +(is unset.)2.882 F .631(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 108 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 124.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 141.6 Q 3.138 (yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ @@ -3410,10 +3411,10 @@ ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) -.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 177.6 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 194.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 211.2 Q F0 .376 -(Matches an)180 211.2 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 223.2 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 211.2 Q F0 .377 +(Matches an)180 211.2 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 223.2 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 @@ -3422,61 +3423,60 @@ E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 F0(,)A(tw)180 247.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 259.2 Q F0(Matches an)180 259.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 271.2 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 271.2 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 283.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E +F1([...])144 271.2 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 271.2 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 +(denotes a)180 283.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 295.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) +3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 295.2 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 307.2 R 1.123 -(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.123 F F1(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G -1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 319.2 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 331.2 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 307.2 R 1.124 +(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 +1.124(or a)6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G +1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 319.2 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) +180 331.2 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 (or)2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 -F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 343.2 R .068 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F --.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 355.2 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 343.2 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 355.2 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 367.2 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +180 367.2 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F (including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 379.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 397.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 --.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 409.2 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 421.2 R 8.173 +180 397.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 +-.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) +180 409.2 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 +8.173(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 421.2 R 8.173 (wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 433.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 445.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) +4.29(Ac)180 445.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) -.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +-.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 457.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 475.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ +180 475.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 487.2 R (the character)180 499.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 517.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) 2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 534 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 546 -R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 534 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 546 +R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) 108 558 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 582 Q F4(pattern-list) .833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 594 @@ -3489,26 +3489,26 @@ Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 606 Q F4 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 666 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) .15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 678 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 690 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .969(Complicated e)108 706.8 -R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .969 -(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 706.8 +R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 +(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 (alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 718.8 R 1.23 (Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F (using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -730.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28) -136.795 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +730.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E +(26)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 -(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.113 +SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 +(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e) 108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F @@ -3516,45 +3516,46 @@ SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 (using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405(by the shell.)108 148.8 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws commands' \214le handles \ to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 160.8 -Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fr\ -om and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fro\ +m and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 172.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 -184.8 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G -.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 +184.8 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 213.6 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) +stead be preceded by a w)108 213.6 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) 108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 237.6 S -.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F -F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 237.6 +S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 +F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 249.6 Q -F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F3 -(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F -1.238(persists be)108 261.6 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo) --.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor) --.25 F(himself.)108 273.6 Q .283(In the follo)108 290.4 R .284(wing des\ -criptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst \ -character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 302.4 R F1(<) -3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F3 +(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 261.6 R 1.238 +(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 +(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(himself.)108 273.6 Q .284(In the follo)108 290.4 R .283(wing descripti\ +ons, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst charac\ +ter of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 302.4 R F1(<)3.012 +E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 314.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 331.2 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 355.2 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 331.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 355.2 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 384 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 400.8 Q F1(>)2.5 @@ -3566,12 +3567,12 @@ Q F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 463.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 492 R .978 -(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .977 +F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 492 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 504 Q (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 520.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 @@ -3582,23 +3583,23 @@ E F3(fd)A F0(If)180 532.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 580.8 Q F1(/de) 144 592.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 604.8 Q F1(/de)144 616.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0 -(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 640.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 652.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 664.8 Q F3 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 676.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 693.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 722.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(27)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3614,43 +3615,43 @@ SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 158.4 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 +(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 170.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 -R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +108 170.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 +R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F -.15(ex)108 194.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 256.8 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 256.8 R +.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 +(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 (Redirection of output in this f)108 309.6 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 -.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 +.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 333.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 350.4 Q([)144 367.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 384 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 396 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F (tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 408 Q @@ -3661,13 +3662,13 @@ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 482.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 499.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 -2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G .115 -(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1 +2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114 +(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1 (Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 544.8 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 556.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3679,13 +3680,13 @@ E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 652.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 669.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ -l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .614 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 705.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(28)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(28)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3694,23 +3695,23 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 96 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 -108 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +108 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 136.8 R F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 (is quoted, the)3.685 F F1(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +-2.915 E F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 148.8 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 (are subjected to parameter e)108 160.8 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 172.8 Q F2(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 (If the redirection operator is)108 189.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 201.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 @@ -3719,59 +3720,59 @@ E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 218.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 230.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 247.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 264 Q F1 -(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 +(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 276 S -1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .374(wline appended, \ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .375(wline appended, \ to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)108 300 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 (Duplicating File Descriptors)87 316.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 362.4 R(If)5.127 E -F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -374.4 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q +374.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q (The operator)108 415.2 Q([)144 432 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .444 +-.37 E F0 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 448.8 R -(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F1(wor) -4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor) -3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F22.754 E +(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor) +4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor) +3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F22.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F1(n)2.754 E F0 -.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E -.965(not e)108 484.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E +.966(not e)108 484.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 496.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 513.6 Q (ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 525.6 Q([) 144 542.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 559.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1 -(digit)3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 -3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 -.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1 +(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 +3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 +.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) 108 588 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 604.8 Q F1 (n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1(digit)2.785 E F0 -.285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785 -(rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F -F1(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2 +2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 +.286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786 +(rt)-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F +F1(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 650.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 662.4 Q([)144 679.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3780,7 +3781,7 @@ A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 708 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(29)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(29)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3788,36 +3789,36 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Aliases)108 96 -Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) --3.173 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) +-3.174 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(alias)2.893 E F0(and)2.893 E F3(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393 -(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B) -4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98 -(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .473 -(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473(If so, that w)5.473 F .472 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472 -(The characters)5.472 F F3(/)2.972 E F0(,)A F3($)2.972 E F0(,)A F3<92> -2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611 -(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E +(alias)2.894 E F0(and)2.894 E F3(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394 +(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B) +4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979 +(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .472 +(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 +(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 +(The characters)5.473 F F3(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F3($)2.973 E F0(,)A F3<92> +2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612 +(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 156 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 180 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 192 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) --3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 156 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F +.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 180 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 192 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 @@ -3832,106 +3833,106 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -295.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 +295.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 (one complete line of input before e)108 307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 319.2 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 319.2 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 (another command does not tak)108 331.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 +1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 (alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 343.2 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 -355.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 +355.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 367.2 R .612 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 367.2 R .613 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 379.2 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 379.2 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 391.2 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 408 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F1 -(FUNCTIONS)72 424.8 Q F0 3.468(As)108 436.8 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 424.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 436.8 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 448.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 448.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 472.8 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 472.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 496.8 -R F3(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 508.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 496.8 +R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 508.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 537.6 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 549.6 S(IL) -.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 537.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 549.6 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F3(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 561.6 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 561.6 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 573.6 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 573.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 585.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 602.4 S .655 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 602.4 S .656 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 614.4 R .051 +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 614.4 R .05 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F3(local)2.55 E -F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55 -E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\ -luding the functions it calls\).)108 626.4 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F -(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 638.4 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 +-.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F3(local) +2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G +(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ +hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 626.4 R 1.185(Local v) +6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 638.4 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) --.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F -.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 -650.4 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ -to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 662.4 R .688 +-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F +.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 +650.4 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ + to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 662.4 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 674.4 Q .726 -(The shell uses)108 691.2 R F2 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726 -(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727 -(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 703.2 R .008 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 674.4 Q .727 +(The shell uses)108 691.2 R F2 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726 +(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726 +(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726 +(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 703.2 R .007 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) -108 715.2 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 727.2 Q -2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) +108 715.2 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 727.2 Q +2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(30)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(30)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3940,2049 +3941,2057 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S (riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -100.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) -2.723 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F1(func1)2.724 E F0 -.224(calls another function)2.724 F F1(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 -(references to)108 112.8 R F1(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 -F F1(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) --2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.963 E F0(from) -2.963 E F1(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F +100.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) +2.724 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F1(func1)2.723 E F0 +.223(calls another function)2.723 F F1(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 +(references to)108 112.8 R F1(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F1(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.964 E F0(from) +2.964 E F1(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F (y)-.15 E(global v)108 124.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F1(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G -.482(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 +(The)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G +.483(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 153.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 3.575(av)108 165.6 S 1.076(ariable at the local scope is unset,\ - it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the functio\ -n)-3.825 F 3.247(returns. If)108 177.6 R .747(the unset acts on a v) -3.247 F .747(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .747(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.247 -(yi)-.15 G .747(nstance of a v)-3.247 F .747 -(ariable with that name that)-.25 F(had been shado)108 189.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 206.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 +-5.19 E 2.721(av)108 165.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ + unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ +func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 177.6 R .013 +(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 +(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 +(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) +108 189.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F +3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 +(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 201.6 Q +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 218.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +230.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 235.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 247.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 247.2 R 1.011 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 259.2 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 259.2 R +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 271.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 271.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 283.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 288 R F2 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 300 R F2 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 300 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 +3.39(mands. The)108 312 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 312 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +.326(\214le and line number)108 324 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G (he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 324 R 1.598 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 336 R 1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.798 E F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 (iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F -(deleted using the)108 336 Q F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 +(deleted using the)108 348 Q F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 (unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi) -108 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 +108 364.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 364.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 376.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 376.8 Q .3 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -393.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 -(The shell allo)108 405.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 +405.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +(The shell allo)108 417.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E F0 -(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 417.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 +(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 429.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 (iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) 2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 429.6 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 441.6 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 441.6 R(vity)-.25 E +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 453.6 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F -(lo)108 453.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +(lo)108 465.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) 5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 465.6 Q F1(id)108 482.4 Q F2(++)A F1(id) -2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 494.4 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 506.4 Q F1(id) -A F22.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 518.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 530.4 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 530.4 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 542.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 542.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -554.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 554.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 566.4 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 566.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> -108 578.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 578.4 Q F2(<< >>)108 590.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 590.4 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 602.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 614.4 Q F2(== !=)108 626.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 626.4 Q F2(&)108 638.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 638.4 Q F2(^)108 650.4 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 650.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) -108 662.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 662.4 Q F2(&&)108 674.4 Q F0(logical AND) -144 674.4 Q F2(||)108 686.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 686.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 -698.4 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(of decreasing precedence.)108 477.6 Q F1(id)108 494.4 Q F2(++)A F1(id) +2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 506.4 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 518.4 Q F1(id) +A F22.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 530.4 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 542.4 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 542.4 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 554.4 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 554.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +566.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 566.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 578.4 S +F0(multiplication, di)144 578.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> +108 590.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 590.4 Q F2(<< >>)108 602.4 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 602.4 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 614.4 Q F0 +(comparison)144 626.4 Q F2(== !=)108 638.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 638.4 Q F2(&)108 650.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 650.4 Q F2(^)108 662.4 Q +F0(bitwise e)144 662.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) +108 674.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 674.4 Q F2(&&)108 686.4 Q F0(logical AND) +144 686.4 Q F2(||)108 698.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(31)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF 2.5(=*)108 84 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad> --2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 108 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 120 Q .68(Shell v)108 136.8 R .68 -(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 84 S(pr).2 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(?)A F1 +-.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 +96 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 108 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5 +<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 120 +Q F1 -.2(ex)108 132 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +(comma)144 144 Q .68(Shell v)108 160.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F +.68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 148.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 172.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 160.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 184.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G 1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 172.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 196.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 184.8 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) --3.889 E F2(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) -3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 196.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.258 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 208.8 R 1.258 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.758(nt).15 G(he) +-3.758 E F1(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.257 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.757 E 3.757<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.757 E F0(is) +3.757 E .332(assigned a v)108 220.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) 2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 (As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 --.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 208.8 Q +-.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 232.8 Q (xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 -(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 225.6 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 249.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 237.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 -(he form [)-2.612 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2(base) +-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 261.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 +(he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) 2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 249.6 R F2(n)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F2(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 273.6 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 -261.6 R F2(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +285.6 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 -(@, and _, in that order)108 273.6 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F2(base) +(@, and _, in that order)108 297.6 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base) 3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 285.6 Q -.234(Operators are e)108 302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 309.6 Q +.234(Operators are e)108 326.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 314.4 S +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 338.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 331.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 343.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 355.2 R .77 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 355.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 367.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) +2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F +.77(\214le attrib)108 379.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 367.2 R F1(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 391.2 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 (handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 (ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 (re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 -(the operating system on which)108 379.2 R F1(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 +(the operating system on which)108 403.2 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 (is running pro)2.693 F .193 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F -.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 391.2 R .589 -(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)108 403.2 Q -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor)-2.916 F F2(n) -2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F2 +.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 415.2 R .589 +(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 427.2 Q +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor)-2.916 F F1(n) +2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1 (\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)108 415.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 439.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 (/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 432 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 444 Q -1.095(When used with)108 462 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E -F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +108 456 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 468 Q +1.095(When used with)108 486 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E +F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F1(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -474 Q F1108 498 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 498 S(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 510 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 510 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 522 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 522 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 534 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 546 Q -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 546 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 558 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -558 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 -E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 570 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -570 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 582 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 582 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 594 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 594 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +498 Q F2108 522 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 522 S(ue if).35 E +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 534 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 546 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 546 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2108 558 +Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 558 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2108 570 Q +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 570 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 582 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +582 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 +E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 594 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +594 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 606 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 606 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 618 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 618 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1108 606 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 606 S(ue if).35 -E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) -.15 E F1108 618 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 618 S(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 -630 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 630 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1 -108 642 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 642 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E -F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 654 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 654 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1 -108 666 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 666 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 678 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 678 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 -690 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 690 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +-2.5 E F2108 630 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 630 S(ue if).35 +E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F2108 642 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 642 S(ue if).35 E +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 +654 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 654 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2 +108 666 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 666 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F1(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 678 +Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 678 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2 +108 690 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 690 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 702 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 702 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2108 +714 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 714 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 702 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 702 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 714 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(32)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) +146.79 E(32)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 -S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E -(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1 -108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2 -(\214le1)108 108 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1) -108 132 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is ne)2.5 E -(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E -F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2(\214le1)108 156 Q -F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 -(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 180 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 192 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E -F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 +S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 +108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 120 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 132 Q F1 +(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 156 Q F02.5 E F1(nt) +A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 +(\214le1)108 180 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +192 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 204 Q F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 204 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 216 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 228 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 240 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 -240 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +264 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if the shell v).35 E (ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1108 264 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S +2.68 E F1108 288 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 300 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 288 Q F1108 300 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S +108 312 Q F1108 324 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 336 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 328.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 340.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 352.8 S .861 +(string1)108 352.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 364.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 376.8 S .861 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 (should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 (command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 -364.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +388.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 376.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 393.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 405.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 422.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 434.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 400.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 417.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 429.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 446.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 458.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 451.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 463.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 475.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 487.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -480 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 492 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +504 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 516 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 (ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 504 R -F2(ar)144 516 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 528 R +F2(ar)144 540 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(ar)3.919 E (g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 (rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) .15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F1([[)3.59 E F0 -(command,)144 528 Q F2(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(Ar)4.22 E +(command,)144 552 Q F2(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(Ar)4.22 E (g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 (luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 540 Q F0(abo)2.25 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 564 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 556.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 568.8 R +72 580.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 592.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 (wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F -(rections, from left to right.)108 580.8 Q(1.)108 597.6 Q 1.849(The w) -144 597.6 R 1.849(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 +(rections, from left to right.)108 604.8 Q(1.)108 621.6 Q 1.849(The w) +144 621.6 R 1.849(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 626.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 626.4 R +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 650.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 650.4 R 1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -638.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +662.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 650.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 667.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 667.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(are the ar)144 674.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 691.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 691.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 684 Q .716(The te)144 684 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 +108 708 Q .716(The te)144 708 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 696 R .339 -(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 708 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 724.8 R .332 -(ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(33)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +2.291(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 720 R 2.291 +(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.791(lb).25 G 2.291 +(efore being assigned to the)-4.791 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(33)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S -.757(riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 96 R -(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S +(riable.).25 E .332(If no command name results, the v)108 100.8 R .332 +(ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 112.8 S .757 +(riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 124.8 +R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 108 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 124.8 R +(the command e)108 136.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 153.6 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 136.8 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 165.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 153.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 182.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -165.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +194.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 177.6 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 206.4 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 189.6 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 218.4 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 206.4 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 218.4 R .546 +(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 235.2 Q F0 .547 +(After a command has been split into w)108 247.2 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 230.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 259.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 247.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 276 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 259.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 +108 288 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 (If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 271.2 Q 2.5 +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 300 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 288 R .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 316.8 R .31 (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81 -E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 300 Q F2 -.666(PA)3.163 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 -312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 -(search of the directories in)108 324 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.719(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) -2.97 F .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searc\ -hes for a de\214ned shell function named)108 336 R F4(command_not_f) -3.456 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 348 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G -1.006(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 +E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 328.8 Q F2 -.666(PA) +3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 +.662(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914 +(the full pathnames of e)108 340.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 +(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 +(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E +4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 +352.8 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 +(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F +.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ + a de\214ned shell function named)108 364.8 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 376.8 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 +(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 (vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 -(and the original command')108 360 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +(and the original command')108 388.8 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G .255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 (se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F -.263(tus of that subshell.)108 372 R .263(If that function is not de\ +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 400.8 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 -(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 384 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\ -l, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 -400.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 -(named program in a separate e)108 412.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 412.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ +ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) +108 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 441.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 424.8 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 453.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 441.6 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 470.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 453.6 R/F5 10 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 482.4 R/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 (cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 465.6 R .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 494.4 R .329 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 477.6 R 1.219 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 506.4 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) -.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 489.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 518.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 506.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ +108 535.2 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 518.4 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 547.2 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) -108 530.4 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +108 559.2 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 (gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 542.4 R +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 571.2 R 1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 554.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 571.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) -108 583.2 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 -2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 600 Q -1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 600 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(command ar)108 583.2 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 +(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 600 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an)108 +612 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w) +C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 628.8 Q 1.405 +(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 628.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4 -(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 612 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 628.8 Q -(the current w)144 628.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E +(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 640.8 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 657.6 Q +(the current w)144 657.6 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 (ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E -<83>108 645.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 645.6 Q F4 +<83>108 674.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 674.4 Q F4 (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E<83>108 662.4 Q(current traps set by)144 662.4 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 679.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 679.2 R .256 +-2.5 E<83>108 691.2 Q(current traps set by)144 691.2 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 708 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 708 R .256 (ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .256 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 691.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 708 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 708 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(34)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(in the en)144 720 Q(vironment)-.4 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) +146.79 E(34)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(options enabled at in)144 84 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 E -(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)2.5 E F0<83>108 100.8 Q(options enabled by)144 -100.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83>108 117.6 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with) -144 117.6 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0<83>108 134.4 Q -.25(va)144 134.4 S +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 100.8 Q +(options enabled at in)144 100.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)2.5 E F0<83>108 117.6 Q(options enabled by)144 +117.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83>108 134.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with) +144 134.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0<83>108 151.2 Q -.25(va)144 151.2 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 151.2 R .427 +(When a simple command other than a b)108 168 R .427 (uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 163.2 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 180 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 175.2 Q<83>108 192 Q 1.055(the shell')144 192 R 3.555 +(the shell.)108 192 Q<83>108 208.8 Q 1.055(the shell')144 208.8 R 3.555 (so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 204 Q<83>108 220.8 Q(the current w)144 220.8 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 237.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -237.6 Q<83>108 254.4 Q .857(shell v)144 254.4 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 220.8 Q<83>108 237.6 Q(the current w)144 237.6 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 254.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +254.4 Q<83>108 271.2 Q .857(shell v)144 271.2 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 266.4 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 283.2 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 283.2 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G -.307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 -295.2 Q 2.5(Ac)108 312 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 -(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 283.2 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 300 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 +300 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 312 Q +2.5(Ac)108 328.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 328.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 340.8 S .244(ubshell en) +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 345.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 357.6 S .244(ubshell en) -2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 (vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 352.8 R .358 +.359(reset to the v)108 369.6 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 364.8 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 376.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 393.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -393.6 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +410.4 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 405.6 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,) +108 422.4 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,) 2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 422.4 R +(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 439.2 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) 2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -434.4 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 +451.2 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 (therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 (ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 446.4 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 463.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 475.2 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) --4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 463.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ENVIR)72 480 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 492 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 +G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 (rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 487.2 Q -F0A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 504 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 504 Q F0 +A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 520.8 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 516 Q .144(vironme\ -nt and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking i\ -t for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 528 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 532.8 Q .144(viron\ +ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ + it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 544.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) 2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 (wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 540 R +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 556.8 R 3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 552 Q .64 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 568.8 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 564 R -3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58(cuted command consists of the shell') -.15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F -.58(alues may be)-.25 F .301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 576 R -2.801(yp)-.15 G .301(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G -2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he)-2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an) -2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and) -2.8 E F1(declar)108 588 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E -.562(The en)108 604.8 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562 -(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 580.8 +R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 +(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F +.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 592.8 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 +(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) +-2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 +(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 +604.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 +621.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command) +3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 616.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 633.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF (.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) --.25 F(en)108 628.8 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) -108 645.6 R F13.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) +-.25 F(en)108 645.6 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) +108 662.4 R F13.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) 3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) -108 657.6 Q +108 674.4 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 674.4 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +-.4 E(When)108 691.2 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) -3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 686.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F4 -(EXIT ST)72 703.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 715.2 R -.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) -.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F3(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 -(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. Exit)108 727.2 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 -(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28) -136.795 E(35)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(passed to that command in its en)108 703.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(35)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(specially)108 84 Q -5.506(.E)-.65 G .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 84 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 +(The e)108 96 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 108 R .348 +(statuses f)2.848 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 +(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 +F .347(alues abo)-.25 F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 120 +Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F (Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -96 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) -108 112.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +132 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) +108 148.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 (urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 (xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 124.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 160.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 (on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 136.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(N) -2.5 E F0(,)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E -(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 153.6 R +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 172.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2 +(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 165.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 182.4 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 201.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 218.4 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 199.2 R .08 -(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 235.2 R .08 +(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 211.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +-2.581 F(the)108 247.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 (cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 223.2 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F2(Bash)108 240 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 259.2 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F3(Bash)108 276 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 252 Q -(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 268.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 280.8 Q F2 -(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G -3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 -(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682 -(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 -F(interacti)108 292.8 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4 -(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2 -(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458 -(In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 304.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 -E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E -(fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4 -(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 -(Non-b)108 321.6 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0 -(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 -F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) -108 333.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 288 Q +(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 +(SIGN)72 304.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 316.8 Q F3(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G +.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F +F3 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 +328.8 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E +F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,) +5.458 F F3(bash)108 340.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3 +(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) +-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 357.6 +Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 +-.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 +369.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) 2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 345.6 R .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 381.6 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 357.6 Q F4 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 393.6 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 374.4 R 2.045 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 410.4 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 386.4 Q F0 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 422.4 Q F0 1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 (Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 (to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 398.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 434.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) 5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 410.4 R F2(diso) +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 446.4 R F3(diso) 3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E 1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 422.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 439.2 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) +(SIGHUP)108 458.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 475.2 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -451.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 468 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +487.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 504 Q F3(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 480 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 516 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 492 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the recep\ -tion of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 +(via the)108 528 R F3(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the recep\ +tion of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F3 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 504 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 540 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 520.8 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25 -(Jo)108 532.8 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(JOB CONTR)72 556.8 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 +(Jo)108 568.8 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 (refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 544.8 Q -F1 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 +(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 580.8 Q +F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 556.8 Q(ernel')-.1 +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 592.8 Q(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 573.6 R F1(job) +F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 609.6 R F2(job) 5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 (eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 585.6 R F2 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F1(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 597.6 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 614.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 621.6 R F3 +(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F3(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F2(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 633.6 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 650.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 631.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 643.2 R .732 +ociated)108 667.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 679.2 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 655.2 Q F1(job) +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 691.2 Q F2(job) 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 672 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 +(To f)108 708 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 684 R F1(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(notion of a)108 720 R F2(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 -(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 -(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -696 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 708 Q F5 -(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for)3.846 -E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 -E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F 1.843 -(group ID dif)108 720 R 1.844(fers from the terminal')-.25 F 1.844 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.844 -(board-generated signals.).15 F(Only)6.844 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(36)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(fore)108 84 Q .182 -(ground processes are allo)-.15 F .182(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.682 -(,i)-.4 G 2.682(ft)-2.682 G .182(he user so speci\214es with)-2.682 F/F1 -10/Courier@0 SF .181(stty tostop)2.681 F F0 2.681(,w)C .181(rite to the) --2.681 F 3.366(terminal. Background)108 96 R .866 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.366 F F1 .866 -(stty tostop)3.366 F F0 .866(is in ef)3.366 F(fect\))-.25 E .977 -(the terminal are sent a)108 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .977 -(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.477 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .977(signal by the k)3.227 F -(ernel')-.1 E 3.477(st)-.55 G .977(erminal dri)-3.477 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.777 -.4(r, w).15 H .976(hich, unless caught,).4 F -(suspends the process.)108 120 Q 1.087(If the operating system on which) -108 136.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 148.8 S -.302(ping the).8 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 -(character \(typically)3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .023 +(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 +84 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E +(INT)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 +(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(for)3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac) +6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346 +(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145(group ID dif)108 108 R +.145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 120 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 +(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 10 +/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 132 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F4 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F +.718(terminal are sent a)108 144 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) +-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G +.717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 156 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 172.8 R/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F5(bash) +3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 +(Ty)108 184.8 S .302(ping the).8 F F3(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 +(character \(typically)3.572 F F5(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 160.8 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 -7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F4 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 196.8 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F5(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -172.8 R(to)108 184.8 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +208.8 R(to)108 220.8 Q F5(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 196.8 R F3(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +F5(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 +(background, the)108 232.8 R F5(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 (command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F3(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F3(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 208.8 Q .948(fect immediately) +F5(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F5(^Z) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 244.8 Q .948(fect immediately) -.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 220.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 237.6 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 249.6 -Q F4(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F4(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 256.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 273.6 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F5 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 285.6 +Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F5(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 261.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 273.6 Q F3(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +108 297.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 309.6 Q F5(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F3(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F3(%?ce)3.463 E +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F5(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F5(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 285.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F3(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 321.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F5(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 297.6 Q F3 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 333.6 Q F5 (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F3(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F3(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F5(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F5(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -F4(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 309.6 R .495 +F3(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 345.6 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F4(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 321.6 R F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F3 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 357.6 R F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F5 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 333.6 R F3 +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 369.6 R F5 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 345.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F32.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 381.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F52.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 (single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 357.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 374.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(rent job)108 393.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 410.4 R +(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -386.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +422.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 398.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 415.2 +(equi)108 434.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F3(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 427.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 463.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F32.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 439.2 Q F3(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F3(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F52.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 475.2 Q F5(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F2(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 451.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 468 R(xit)-.15 E F3(bash)2.532 E F0 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 487.2 Q(xits.) +-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 504 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 -(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F3(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 480 R F3 +(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F5(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 516 R F5 (shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F3(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 (option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -492 R(The)5.458 E F3(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +528 R(The)5.458 E F5(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 504 R .604 +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 540 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 516 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 -(When the shell is w)108 532.8 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F3(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F3(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 544.8 R F3 -2.928 E F0 .428(option will force)2.928 F F3(wait)2.928 E F0 .428 +(and an)108 552 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 +(When the shell is w)108 568.8 R .644 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F5(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F5(wait)3.145 E F0 +(will)3.145 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 580.8 R F5 +2.928 E F0 .428(option will force)2.928 F F5(wait)2.928 E F0 .428 (to w)2.928 F .428(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F -(before returning.)108 556.8 Q/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 573.6 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 585.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F3(bash)3.144 E -F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 +(before returning.)108 592.8 Q/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 609.6 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.144 E +F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 (when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 597.6 R F2(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F3(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F2(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 609.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F3(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.538 E +(and the secondary prompt)108 633.6 R F1(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F5(Bash)5.427 E +F0(displays)2.927 E F1(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(it reads a command b)108 645.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.037(cuting it.).15 F F5(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.538 E F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 621.6 R F3 -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F3(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 657.6 R F5 +3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F5(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)108 633.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3(\\a)144 645.6 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 645.6 Q F3(\\d)144 657.6 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 657.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F3(\\D{)144 669.6 Q F4(format)A F3(})A F0(the)180 -681.6 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F4(strftime) +as follo)108 669.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 681.6 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 681.6 Q F5(\\d)144 693.6 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 693.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 705.6 Q F3(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180 +717.6 Q F3(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F3(strftime) 3.926 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -693.6 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 +729.6 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F3(\\e)144 705.6 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 705.6 Q F3(\\h)144 717.6 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 717.6 Q(')-.7 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(37)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(The braces are required)5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E +(37)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\H)144 84 Q F0(the hostname)180 84 Q F1(\\j)144 96 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 96 Q F1(\\l)144 -108 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 108 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 120 Q F0(ne)180 120 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 132 Q F0(carriage return)180 132 Q F1(\\s)144 144 Q F0 -(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 144 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 +SF(\\e)144 84 Q F0(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 84 Q F1(\\h)144 +96 Q F0(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 96 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 +108 Q F0(the hostname)180 108 Q F1(\\j)144 120 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 120 Q F1(\\l)144 +132 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 132 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 144 Q F0(ne)180 144 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 156 Q F0(carriage return)180 156 Q F1(\\s)144 168 Q F0 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 168 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -156 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 156 Q F1(\\T) -144 168 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 168 Q F1 -(\\@)144 180 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 180 Q F1 -(\\A)144 192 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 192 Q F1 -(\\u)144 204 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 204 Q F1(\\v)144 -216 Q F0(the v)180 216 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 228 Q F0(the release of)180 228 Q F1 +180 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 180 Q F1(\\T) +144 192 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 192 Q F1 +(\\@)144 204 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 204 Q F1 +(\\A)144 216 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 216 Q F1 +(\\u)144 228 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 228 Q F1(\\v)144 +240 Q F0(the v)180 240 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 252 Q F0(the release of)180 252 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 240 Q F0 .116(the current w) -180 240 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F2 9 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 264 Q F0 .116(the current w) +180 264 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F2 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 (viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) -180 252 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E -F1(\\W)144 264 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 264 Q +180 276 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E +F1(\\W)144 288 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 288 Q (orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 -(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 276 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 276 Q F1(\\#)144 288 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 288 Q F1(\\$)144 300 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 300 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 312 Q/F3 10 +(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 300 Q F0 +(the history number of this command)180 300 Q F1(\\#)144 312 Q F0 +(the command number of this command)180 312 Q F1(\\$)144 324 Q F0 +(if the ef)180 324 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E +F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 336 Q/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 312 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 324 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 324 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 336 Q -F0(be)180 336 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ +(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 336 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E +F1(\\\\)144 348 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 348 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 360 Q +F0(be)180 360 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 348 Q F1(\\])144 360 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 360 Q .12 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 376.8 R +(control sequence into the prompt)180 372 Q F1(\\])144 384 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 384 Q .12 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 400.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ -story \214le \(see)108 388.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 400.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ +story \214le \(see)108 412.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 424.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 412.8 R +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 436.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 424.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 448.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 436.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F(description of the)108 460.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 453.6 Q F0 .15 +-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 477.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 465.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 477.6 R +108 489.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 (editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 (option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 489.6 Q .851 +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 513.6 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F 3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 501.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 525.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +(\(see)108 537.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 525.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 542.4 Q +(emacs)108 549.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 566.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 554.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +108 578.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 590.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) -.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) -.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .831 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 602.4 S .831 (yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 (y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 (hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 614.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F (e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 (x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 (rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 626.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E -(ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +(ho)108 655.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) .4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 667.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 679.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 696 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 (or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 708 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 696 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 720 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 -(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(38)185.955 E -0 Cg EP +(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(38)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by pu\ -tting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 96 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 -F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 108 R .196 -(en from the v)-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v) -2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2 -(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034 -(program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization \ -\214le is read, and the k)108 120 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034 -(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 132 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149 -(There are only a fe)6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo) --3.649 F 1.15(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank) -6.15 E .737(lines are ignored.)108 144 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ring.)108 84 Q/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 100.8 Q F0 .091(Readline \ +is customized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 +112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 +(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 +124.8 R .196(en from the v)-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 +F .196(that v)2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196 +(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197 +(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which uses the readline library starts up\ +, the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 136.8 R 1.334 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 148.8 S 1.149 +(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 +G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 160.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 (Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 156 R +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 172.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 172.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 189.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 184.8 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 201.6 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 230.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 254.4 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 201.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 218.4 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 235.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 247.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 271.2 Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 (univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) -108 271.2 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F -F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0 -(,).73 E F2(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 283.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2 -(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G -(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 300 R .209(ws k)-.25 F --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +108 288 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 +-.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC) +3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 +E F2(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 300 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E +F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 +-.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 316.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 312 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 328.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 340.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 328.8 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 +(Readline K)87 345.6 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 357.6 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 352.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 369.6 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) .15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 -364.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 +381.6 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 (ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or) 3.353 E F2(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 376.8 Q .16 -(When using the form)108 393.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2 +(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 393.6 Q .16 +(When using the form)108 410.4 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2 (function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 405.6 R(or e) --.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 441.6 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 453.6 Q .699 -(In the abo)108 470.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u) +(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 422.4 R(or e) +-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 458.4 Q +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 470.4 Q .699 +(In the abo)108 487.2 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u) 3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) -.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 482.4 Q F1 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 499.2 Q F1 (backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 (C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -494.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 511.2 R F1("k)2.556 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) +511.2 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 528 R F1("k)2.556 E +(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) 2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 (fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 523.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ -ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 535.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(denoting an entire k)108 540 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may\ + be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 552 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 +(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 (xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 547.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 571.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 583.2 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 612 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +(are not recognized.)108 564 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 600 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 628.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) 3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 624 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) -3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1) -2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 -640.8 Q F1<5c43ad>144 652.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 652.8 Q F1<5c4dad> -144 664.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 664.8 Q F1(\\e)144 676.8 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 676.8 Q F1(\\\\)144 688.8 Q F0(backslash)180 -688.8 Q F1(\\")144 700.8 Q F0(literal ")180 700.8 Q F1<5c08>144 712.8 Q -F0(literal \010)180 712.8 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ -equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 729.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable:).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(39) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 640.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4 +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 657.6 Q F1 +<5c43ad>144 669.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 669.6 Q F1<5c4dad>144 681.6 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 681.6 Q F1(\\e)144 693.6 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 693.6 Q F1(\\\\)144 705.6 Q F0(backslash)180 +705.6 Q F1(\\")144 717.6 Q F0(literal ")180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(39)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace) -180 96 Q F1(\\d)144 108 Q F0(delete)180 108 Q F1(\\f)144 120 Q F0 -(form feed)180 120 Q F1(\\n)144 132 Q F0(ne)180 132 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 144 Q F0(carriage return)180 144 Q F1(\\t)144 156 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)180 156 Q F1(\\v)144 168 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 168 S -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 180 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +SF<5c08>144 84 Q F0(literal \010)180 84 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs \ +style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 100.8 +Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 112.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 +112.8 Q F1(\\b)144 124.8 Q F0(backspace)180 124.8 Q F1(\\d)144 136.8 Q +F0(delete)180 136.8 Q F1(\\f)144 148.8 Q F0(form feed)180 148.8 Q F1 +(\\n)144 160.8 Q F0(ne)180 160.8 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 172.8 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 172.8 Q F1(\\t)144 184.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +184.8 Q F1(\\v)144 196.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 196.8 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\)144 208.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 208.8 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 -192 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 192 Q +220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 220.8 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 -(When entering the te)108 208.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ +(When entering the te)108 237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 -(Unquoted te)108 220.8 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 (he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -232.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 249.6 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) .15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 261.6 R .345 -.15 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .345 -.15 (ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 (option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 273.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 302.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 290.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 302.4 +(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 331.2 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 314.4 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 331.2 Q F2 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -348 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) --.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v) -108 360 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F -.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 -(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) -2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 -(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -384 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 400.8 Q F0 .011 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 412.8 R .011 +376.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F +(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 +(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) +5.79 E .449(nized v)108 388.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 +(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 +(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 +(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 412.8 S(lues are:) +.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 429.6 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 441.6 R .011 (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 424.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +(rings the bell.)144 453.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) -.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 436.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 448.8 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 460.8 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 465.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 477.6 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 489.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 472.8 Q -.15 +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 501.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 484.8 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 496.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 513.6 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 525.6 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 508.8 Q F1(color)108 520.8 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 537.6 Q F1(color)108 549.6 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 532.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +144 561.6 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.935(completions using a dif)144 544.8 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F +2.935(completions using a dif)144 573.6 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 556.8 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 568.8 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 580.8 R F1(On)4.08 E +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 585.6 Q +F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 597.6 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 609.6 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 -592.8 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E +621.6 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E (alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 604.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 -E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 616.8 R F1 +(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 633.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 +E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 645.6 R F1 (insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 628.8 Q F1 +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 657.6 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 -640.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ -matches when performing completion.)144 652.8 R .193(The v)144 664.8 R -.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 676.8 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 688.8 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 700.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(40)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) +108 669.6 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ +ble matches when performing completion.)144 681.6 R .193(The v)144 693.6 +R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ +l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 705.6 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) +146.79 E(40)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 96 R -F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E -(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 -(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 -(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 108 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E -.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 -(completion\255pr)108 120 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 -.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 132 R 1.275 -(without modi\214cation.)144 144 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 156 S(lue are replaced with an \ -ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 168 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 180 R .53 +SF(completion\255ignor)108 84 Q(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to) +144 96 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching a\ +nd completion in a case\255insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.) +.05 E F1(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 108 Q F0 .094(If set to) +144 120 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1 +(completion\255ignor)2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093 +(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\() +144 132 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G +(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H +(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 144 Q +(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ +ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ +splayed)144 156 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 168 R 1.275 +(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 180 S(lue are repla\ +ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 192 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 204 R .53 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 192 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 +144 216 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) --.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 204 R +-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 228 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 216 S .237 +the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 240 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 228 Q F1(con)108 240 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 252 R F1(On) +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 252 Q F1(con)108 264 +Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 276 R F1(On) 3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 (rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 264 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F -(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 276 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +144 288 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F +(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 300 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 300 R F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 312 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 324 R F1 (On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 312 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 324 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +144 336 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 348 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 348 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 360 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 372 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 372 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 384 Q F0 .141 +(Controls whether readline be)144 396 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 (or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 384 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 396 Q F0 .518(If the)144 408 +(can be set to either)144 408 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 420 Q F0 .518(If the)144 432 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 -(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 420 +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F -.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 432 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 456 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F -.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 444 S 2.798 +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 468 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 456 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 468 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 -1.222(When set to)144 480 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +144 480 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 492 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 +1.222(When set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +(paste into the editing b)144 516 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 -(it had been read from the k)144 504 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +(it had been read from the k)144 528 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) .15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 516 Q F1(enable\255k)108 528 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 -(When set to)144 540 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 540 Q F1(enable\255k)108 552 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +(When set to)144 564 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 552 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 564 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 576 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 588 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 588 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 612 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 600 Q F0(If set to)144 612 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 624 Q F0(If set to)144 636 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 624 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 636 R F1(On) +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 648 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 660 R F1(On) 3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 648 Q -.15 +the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 672 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 660 Q F0 .949 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(history\255size \(unset\))108 684 Q F0 .949 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 (If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 684 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 708 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 (ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) 2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 696 R .277(By def)5.278 F +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 720 R .277(By def)5.278 F .277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 708 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F -3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 -(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 720 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(alue of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(41)195.95 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(horizontal\255scr)108 84 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)144 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F 3.41(ariable. If) +-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 96 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 108 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 120 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 108 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 120 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 132 -Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ + ne)144 132 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 144 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 156 +Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 156 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 180 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) -144 168 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) --.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)2.864 E -(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On) -2.864 E F0 .364(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 -180 Q F1(isear)108 192 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J') --.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminat\ -e an incremental search without subsequently e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cut-).15 E .935(ing the character as a command.)144 216 R .935 -(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.434(nav).15 G .934(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0 -(and)144 228 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) -2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 240 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 -(Set the current readline k)144 252 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F -2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E -.069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 264 R F0 2.568 -(,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 -.068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 276 R -.25(va)-.25 +144 192 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 204 Q F1 +(isear)108 216 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ +ental search without subsequently e)144 228 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 240 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 252 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) +108 264 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 276 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 288 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 +(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 300 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 288 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 300 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 312 R +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 312 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 324 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 336 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 324 R +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 348 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) -.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 336 R .62 +-.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 360 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 348 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 372 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 (va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 360 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 384 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 372 R(alue,)-.25 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 396 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 396 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 408 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 420 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 432 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 420 Q F0(If set to)144 -432 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 +456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 444 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 468 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 480 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 468 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 492 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 480 Q F0 .192(This v)144 492 R +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 504 Q F0 .192(This v)144 516 R .192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 504 R .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 528 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 516 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 528 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 540 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 552 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.585(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 552 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 564 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 576 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 +.507(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 588 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 612 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 600 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 612 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 624 R F1(On) +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 624 Q F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 636 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 648 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 636 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 648 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 660 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +(tions at a time.)144 660 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 684 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 -F(order)144 672 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 684 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .699(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 -(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 708 S -2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 -(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 720 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(42)185.955 -E 0 Cg EP +F(order)144 696 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(42)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(sho)108 84 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .304 -(This alters the def)144 96 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +SF -2.29 -.18(re v)108 84 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 +.699(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 108 S +2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 +(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 120 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 132 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 144 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) 2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 108 R(bell.)144 120 Q F1 -(sho)108 132 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 144 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 156 R(bell.)144 168 Q F1 +(sho)108 180 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 192 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 156 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +-.1 F F1(sho)144 204 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C 4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 168 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 216 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 180 Q F1 -(sho)108 192 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 -(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 228 Q F1 +(sho)108 240 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 (dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 216 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(command, or vi insertion.)144 264 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 240 R +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 276 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 252 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 300 Q 2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 264 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 276 Q +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 312 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 324 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 288 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -300 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 336 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +348 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) -144 312 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 -(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 324 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F +144 360 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 +(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 372 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.735(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 336 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 384 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F .314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 348 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 360 Q F0 .517 -(If the)144 372 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +144 396 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 408 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 420 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -384 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) -5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 396 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F +432 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 444 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F 4.429(eak)-.1 G 2.229 -.15(ey b)-4.529 H 1.929 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.93 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 408 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 456 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F .314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 420 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 432 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 -444 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le') +144 468 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 +492 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le') -3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 456 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 472.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 484.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +(when listing possible completions.)144 504 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 520.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 532.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 496.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 544.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 525.6 Q F0(The)144 525.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 556.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 573.6 Q F0(The)144 573.6 Q F1($if)2.963 E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 537.6 Q(The te)5 E +(or the application using readline.)144 585.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 549.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ +(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 597.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 566.4 Q F0(The)180 566.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +144 614.4 Q F0(The)180 614.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) 3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 578.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) +3.065(mode. This)180 626.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 590.4 R +(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 638.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 602.4 Q F1(term)144 619.2 Q F0(The)180 619.2 Q +(out in emacs mode.)180 650.4 Q F1(term)144 667.2 Q F0(The)180 667.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 631.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 679.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 643.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 691.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -655.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +703.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 672 S(rsion).1 E F0(The) -180 684 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 696 Q F1 -.1 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) +146.79 E(43)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 44 44 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.1(ve)144 84 S(rsion).1 E F0(The)180 96 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 +E F0 .608(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 108 Q F1 -.1 (ve)3.929 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.929 G 1.428 (pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.428 -(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 708 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0 +(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 120 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0 2.605(,\()C(and)-2.605 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1 (<=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(>=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(<)2.606 E F0 2.606(,a)C(nd) -2.606 E F1(>)2.606 E F0 5.106(.T)C .106(he v)-5.106 F .106 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.472 -(of the operator consists of a major v)180 720 R 1.471(ersion number) +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 132 R 1.471(ersion number) -.15 F 3.971(,a)-.4 G 3.971(no)-3.971 G 1.471 -(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(43)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .766 -(optional minor v)180 84 R .766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B .766 -(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A 1.756 -(The operator may be separated from the string)180 96 R F1 -.1(ve)4.255 -G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number)-.15 F -(ar)180 108 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 124.8 Q F0 -(The)180 136.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 144 R +.766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B +.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A +1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 156 R F1 -.1(ve) +4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number) +-.15 F(ar)180 168 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 +184.8 Q F0(The)180 196.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -148.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614 +208.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614 (,a)C .114(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5 -(particular v)180 160.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501 +(particular v)180 220.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501 (could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .501 (equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397(ci\214c program.)180 -172.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F +232.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .396 -(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 184.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E -(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 208.8 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 -(#Q)180 220.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 232.8 Q F1($endif)180 244.8 Q F2 -(variable)144 261.6 Q F0(The)180 273.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E F0 1.276 +(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 244.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 268.8 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 +(#Q)180 280.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 292.8 Q F1($endif)180 304.8 Q F2 +(variable)144 321.6 Q F0(The)180 333.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E F0 1.276 (construct pro)3.776 F 1.276(vides simple equality tests for readline v) -.15 F 1.277(ariables and v)-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08 -(The permitted comparison operators are)180 285.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A +(The permitted comparison operators are)180 345.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079 (he v)-5.079 F .079(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from th\ e comparison operator by whitespace; the operator may be separated from) -180 297.6 R .13(the v)180 309.6 R .13 +180 357.6 R .13(the v)180 369.6 R .13 (alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .129 (Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F -(tested. Boolean v)180 321.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +(tested. Boolean v)180 381.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 338.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) -144 338.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 -(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 355.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) -144 355.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 372 -Q F0 .356(This directi)144 384 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 398.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) +144 398.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 415.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) +144 415.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 432 +Q F0 .356(This directi)144 444 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 396 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 456 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 420 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 436.8 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 448.8 R .835 +($include)144 480 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 496.8 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 508.8 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 460.8 Q +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 520.8 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 477.6 R .697 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 537.6 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 489.6 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 549.6 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 501.6 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +(incremental search requires only as man)108 561.6 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 513.6 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +(acters present in the v)108 573.6 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 525.6 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 585.6 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 537.6 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +F .097(mental search.)108 597.6 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 (When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 549.6 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 566.4 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 609.6 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +108 626.4 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 578.4 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(search backw)108 638.4 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 (ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 590.4 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 650.4 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 602.4 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +.541(instance, a)108 662.4 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 614.4 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 631.2 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 674.4 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 691.2 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 643.2 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 703.2 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 660 R(The search \ -string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the curre\ -nt line.)108 672 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 688.8 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 700.8 R 1.391 -(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 -(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 712.8 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 724.8 Q F2(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 720 R +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(44)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(set\255mark)108 84 Q F0 2.5(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 -100.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 -112.8 Q F0(Mo)144 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G -(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\)) -108 136.8 Q F0(Mo)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G -(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 160.8 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 184.8 Q F0(Mo)144 196.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 208.8 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 220.8 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The search string\ + may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current lin\ +e.)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 100.8 Q F0 +1.391(The follo)108 112.8 R 1.391 +(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 +(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 124.8 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 136.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.41 E F0 .91 +(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 +.911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db).15 G +3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 148.8 Q F0 2.5 +(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 165.6 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 177.6 Q F0(Mo)144 189.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 201.6 Q F0(Mo)144 213.6 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 +225.6 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 249.6 Q F0(Mo)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 273.6 S(rward\255w) +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 285.6 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) -.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 232.8 Q F1(backward\255w)108 244.8 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 256.8 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ters and digits\).)144 297.6 Q F1(backward\255w)108 309.6 Q +(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 321.6 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 268.8 Q F1(shell\255f)108 280.8 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 292.8 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 333.6 Q F1(shell\255f)108 345.6 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 357.6 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 304.8 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 316.8 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 328.8 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +-.8 F(ters.)144 369.6 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 381.6 Q(ord)-.1 E +F0(Mo)144 393.6 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 (ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 340.8 Q F1(pr)108 352.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 364.8 R +(metacharacters.)144 405.6 Q F1(pr)108 417.6 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G +(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 429.6 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 (ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89 -(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 376.8 R 1.17 -.15 +(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 441.6 R 1.17 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G -3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 388.8 Q(ysical line or \ +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 453.6 Q(ysical line or \ if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen w\ -idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 400.8 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 -(Attempt to mo)144 412.8 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 +idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 465.6 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 477.6 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 (oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha) -144 424.8 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 +144 489.6 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G 2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ -length of the prompt plus)144 436.8 R(the screen width.)144 448.8 Q F1 -(clear\255scr)108 460.8 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 472.8 R .993 +length of the prompt plus)144 501.6 R(the screen width.)144 513.6 Q F1 +(clear\255scr)108 525.6 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 537.6 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 484.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -496.8 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 -(Refresh the current line.)144 508.8 Q F1(Commands f)87 525.6 Q +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 549.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +561.6 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 +(Refresh the current line.)144 573.6 Q F1(Commands f)87 590.4 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -537.6 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 549.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +602.4 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 614.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 (If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 (dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) -144 561.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) +144 626.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 573.6 Q F1(pr)108 -585.6 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 597.6 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 609.6 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 621.6 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 638.4 Q F1(pr)108 +650.4 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 662.4 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 674.4 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 686.4 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 633.6 Q F0(Mo)144 645.6 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 698.4 Q F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 657.6 Q F0(Mo)144 669.6 Q -.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 681.6 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 693.6 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 -(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(45)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E -F0 1.131(Search forw)144 96 R 1.131 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F -1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 108 Q F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q -(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 132 R .164(ar\ +SF(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G +(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 +108 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 +(Search backw)144 120 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 132 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 144 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 156 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 168 Q F1(non\255incr)108 +180 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 192 R .164(ar\ d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ -tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 144 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 156 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 168 R +tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 204 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E +(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 216 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 228 R 1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ -ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 180 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -192 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 204 R .249(a\ +ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 +252 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 264 R .249(a\ rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ -f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 216 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 228 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard through t\ +f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 276 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 288 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 300 R .951(ard through t\ he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ -t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 252 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) -5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)108 264 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 -.951(Search backw)144 276 R .951(ard through the history for the string\ +t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 312 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) +5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)108 324 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 +.951(Search backw)144 336 R .951(ard through the history for the string\ of characters between the start of the current)-.1 F .007 -(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 288 R/F2 10 +(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 348 R/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 (search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 -(line. This)144 300 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -(history\255substring\255sear)108 312 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.249(Search forw)144 324 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +(line. This)144 360 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 372 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 +.249(Search forw)144 384 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 -(and the point.)144 336 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +(and the point.)144 396 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F .319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) -5.319 F(search.)144 348 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 360 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 372 R .622 +5.319 F(search.)144 408 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 420 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 432 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 -384 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.294 E F0 +444 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.294 E F0 3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 396 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 456 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 (ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 408 R .281(vious command.) +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 468 R .281(vious command.) -.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 420 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 432 Q +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 480 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 492 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 444 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 504 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 456 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 516 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) -.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 468 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 528 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 480 R(An)6.396 E +1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 540 R(An)6.396 E 3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 492 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 +.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 552 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 504 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 564 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -516 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 528 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 540 R .622 +576 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 588 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 600 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 552 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 612 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 564 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 576 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 624 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 636 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 588 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 600 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 612 R 1.627 +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 648 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 660 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 672 R 1.627 (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 (HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 624 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 648 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(belo)144 684 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 696 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 708 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 660 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 672 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 684 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 696 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 708 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 720 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(46)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 84 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +SF(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 +E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 108 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G +-1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 120 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1 +(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 132 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 108 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F +(history for editing.)144 156 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 120 Q F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 132 Q F0(In)144 -144 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +-.18 F(the current line.)144 168 Q F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 180 Q F0(In)144 +192 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 156 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(attempts to in)144 204 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF ($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) -.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 (as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 -E F1(Commands f)87 172.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 -(end\255of\255\214le)108 184.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 196.8 R .799 +E F1(Commands f)87 220.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 +(end\255of\255\214le)108 232.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 244.8 R .799 (xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 (ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 208.8 R +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 256.8 R .592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 220.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 232.8 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 244.8 R .442 +(as the end of input and returns)144 268.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 280.8 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 292.8 R .442 (If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 304.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 268.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 280.8 R +108 316.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 328.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 (umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 292.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 304.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 316.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 340.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 352.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 364.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 328.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 340.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -352.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 376.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 388.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +400.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 364.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 376.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 388.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 400.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 412.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 424.8 Q F0 .321 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 436.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 412.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 424.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 436.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 448.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 460.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 472.8 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 484.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 (ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -448.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 460.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +496.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 508.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 472.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -484.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +(transpose\255w)108 520.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +532.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 496.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 508.8 Q +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 544.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 556.8 Q (ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -520.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +568.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 532.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 544.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 556.8 Q 1.647 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 580.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 592.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 604.8 Q 1.647 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 568.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 580.8 Q +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 616.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 628.8 Q (ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 -592.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F +640.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 604.8 S(rd, b) +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 652.8 S(rd, b) .1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 -616.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 628.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 +664.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 676.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 640.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +(Wi)144 688.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 652.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 700.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) 4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 -(mode. In)144 664.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 +(mode. In)144 712.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 (rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 -(pushing the te)144 676.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(pushing the te)144 724.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 688.8 -Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -705.6 Q(anking)-.85 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 -E(47)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) +146.79 E(47)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 84 Q F0(Kill the te)144 96 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(before point with a space.)144 84 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Killing and Y)87 100.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 +112.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 124.8 Q (xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 108 Q F0(Kill backw)144 -120 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 132 Q F0(Kill backw)144 144 Q -(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 136.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 148.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 160.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 172.8 +Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 156 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 184.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -168 Q F1(kill\255w)108 180 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 192 R .728 +196.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 208.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 220.8 R .728 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 204 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 232.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 216 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 228 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 -E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 240 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 252 R -.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 264 S +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 244.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 256.8 Q(ord behind point.) +-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 268.8 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 280.8 +R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 292.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 276 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 288 R 3.025 +108 304.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 316.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 312 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 324 R .364 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 328.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 340.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 352.8 R .364 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -336 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 348 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 -360 R .166 +364.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 376.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +144 388.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 372 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 400.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 384 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 396 Q F1(kill\255r)108 408 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 420 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 432 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 444 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 412.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 424.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +436.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 448.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 460.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 472.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 456 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 468 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G -2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 480 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 492 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 504 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 -F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) --.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 528 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 540 S -(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 552 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 564 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 484.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 496.8 Q 4.8(yt) +-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E +(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 +508.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 520.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E +(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 532.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 +(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 +E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G +(ward\255w)144 544.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 556.8 Q +F0 -1(Ya)144 568.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 580.8 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 592.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 580.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 592.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 609.6 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 621.6 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 604.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 633.6 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 628.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 640.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 657.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 669.6 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -652.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -664.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +681.6 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +693.6 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 676.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 705.6 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 688.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 717.6 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 700.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 729.6 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 712.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 -E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(gument)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(48)195.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Completing)87 84 Q(complete \(T)108 96 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 108 R 1.137 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(count four)144 84 +Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E +(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Completing)87 100.8 Q(complete \(T)108 112.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 124.8 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 120 Q .532(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 136.8 Q .532(xt as a v) -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 132 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +144 148.8 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 192 R .783(xt before point that w) --.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) -.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 204 Q F0(.)A F1 -(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 228 R F1(complete) -3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 -(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193 -(possible completions.)144 240 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 160.8 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 172.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 184.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 196.8 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 208.8 R .783 +(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +220.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 232.8 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +244.8 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F +1.193(possible completions.)144 256.8 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 268.8 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 -(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 -(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(\(subject to the setting of)144 280.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F +.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 292.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 288 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 -E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 300 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 -312 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +E(through the list.)144 304.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 316.8 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 328.8 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) -.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) -2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q +(menu\255complete)144 340.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) +.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 352.8 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 364.8 R +.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 376.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 +(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 388.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 400.8 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 412.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 424.8 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 436.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q +(complete\255user)108 448.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 460.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q +108 472.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 484.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q +496.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 +508.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(possible\255v)108 520.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 532.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 544.8 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 556.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 568.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 580.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 592.8 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 604.8 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 616.8 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 640.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 652.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 664.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 676.8 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F1(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611 +(for possible completion matches.)144 688.8 Q F1(dab)108 700.8 Q(br)-.1 +E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 712.8 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(49)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6080,8 +6089,8 @@ ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) -.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28) -136.795 E(50)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E +(50)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6197,7 +6206,7 @@ F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 724.8 Q (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(51)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(51)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6309,14 +6318,14 @@ desired, the programmable completion func-)108 518.4 R .632(tions force\ (rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 554.4 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -571.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 583.2 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F -F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 -(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 -F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ - by returning an e)108 595.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) -5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 607.2 R .665 +571.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 583.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) +-.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 +(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ +uld be retried by returning an e)108 595.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 607.2 R .665 (being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 619.2 R .666 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 @@ -6332,8 +6341,8 @@ E -.15(Fo)108 660 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 688.8 Q({)108 700.8 Q 6 (.")144 712.8 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(52)185.955 E -0 Cg EP +724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(52)195.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6437,8 +6446,8 @@ H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 511.2 Q F2(HIST)72 528 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) -.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 540 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 552 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 552 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F 2.014(can be disabled using the)108 564 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 @@ -6478,8 +6487,8 @@ R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 729.6 R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F -(xpansion)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(53) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(xpansion)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(53)195.95 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6593,7 +6602,7 @@ F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 (ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 722.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(54)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6734,7 +6743,7 @@ F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 721.2 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 (returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(55)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(55)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6846,7 +6855,7 @@ E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 679.2 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 (xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 691.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(56)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6987,7 +6996,7 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 715.2 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(57)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(57)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7078,7 +7087,7 @@ Q F1144 588 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 Q F0(Command names.)224 684 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 696 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 708 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(58)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(58)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7168,7 +7177,7 @@ F1144 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .456 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 700.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(59)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7311,7 +7320,7 @@ R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 (command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(60)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(60)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7423,7 +7432,7 @@ F0(ne)180 667.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 679.2 Q F0 (carriage return)180 679.2 Q F2(\\t)144 691.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 691.2 Q F2(\\v)144 703.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 703.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 (\\\\)144 715.2 Q F0(backslash)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(61)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(61)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7565,21 +7574,21 @@ F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 144 724.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(62)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315 -(is used as an of)144 84 R .315(fset from the current command number\).) --.25 F(If)5.315 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(last)2.904 E F0 .314 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F(-)-.2 E .948 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .19 +(is used as an of)144 84 R .19(fset from the current command number\).) +-.25 F(If)5.19 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(last)2.779 E F0 .189 +(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E .948 (rent command for listing \(so that)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) 3.448 F F1<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) 144 108 R F1<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 132 Q /F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E @@ -7694,7 +7703,7 @@ F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 729.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742 (\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(63)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(63)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7756,1824 +7765,1845 @@ G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 374.4 Q F1 (pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 391.2 Q F1(n)A F3(])A (history \255c)108 403.2 Q(history \255d)108 415.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F3(history \255anrw)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A -F3(history \255p)108 439.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 451.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.18 E F3(history \255d)108 427.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F3 +(history \255anrw)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A F3 +(history \255p)108 451.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 463.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -463.2 S .752 +475.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 487.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.88 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +2.88 E(MA)144 499.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F1 (strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 499.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 511.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 511.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 523.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 523.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 535.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 535.2 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 Q F3 -144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 547.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 547.2 Q F3 +144 559.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 571.2 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) -.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) 2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) -2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 -571.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 583.2 Q 2.5(,a) +583.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 595.2 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F3(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F3 -144 595.2 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 595.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E -3.065('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 607.2 Q +144 607.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F0 .758 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 619.2 R F1(start)3.258 +E F0(and)3.257 E F1(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 631.2 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +(alues for)-.1 E F1(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3 +144 643.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 643.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 655.2 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3144 619.2 +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3144 667.2 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 619.2 R .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 631.2 R -.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 643.2 Q F3144 655.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 655.2 Q F3 -144 667.2 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 667.2 Q +le into the current history list.)180 667.2 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 679.2 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 691.2 Q F3144 703.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 703.2 Q F3 +144 715.2 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 715.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F3144 679.2 Q F0 .625 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 679.2 R(wing)-.25 E F1 -(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 691.2 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 703.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3144 715.2 Q F0 -.362(Store the)180 715.2 R F1(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 727.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(64) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ontents.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(64)195.95 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .146(If the)144 84 -R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 -G .145 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0 .626(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 +84 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 +(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 +96 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 +E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 108 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 120 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 120 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 132 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 148.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 96 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 108 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 120 R 1.795 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 160.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 172.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 184.8 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 132 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ -tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\ -ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(of)144 144 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031 -(gument to)-.18 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531 -(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031 -(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F33.532 -E F0 -.1(fa)144 156 S(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 -(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F3(jobs \255x)108 -184.8 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E -(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 196.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 -(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 208.8 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 208.8 Q F3 -144 220.8 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 220.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 232.8 Q F3 -144 244.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 244.8 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3144 256.8 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 256.8 Q F3144 268.8 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 268.8 Q(If)144 285.6 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 -E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 297.6 Q -.25 +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 196.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 208.8 Q(fset) +-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 +F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 220.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 237.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 +(jobs \255x)108 249.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15 +(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 273.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 273.6 Q F1 +144 285.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 285.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 297.6 Q F1 +144 309.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 309.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 321.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 321.6 Q F1144 333.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 333.6 Q(If)144 350.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 362.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 314.4 R F3 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 379.2 R F1 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 326.4 Q +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 391.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F3(kill)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3 -2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F32.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3 -(kill \255l)108 355.2 Q F0(|)A F3A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|) -2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119 -(Send the signal named by)144 367.2 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E -F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 -E F0(or)3.39 E F2(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 -E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 379.2 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F1(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F1(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 391.2 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) -4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F1(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 403.2 Q .523(gument of)-.18 -F F33.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) -5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) -.18 F F33.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 415.2 -R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 427.2 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F -F32.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 439.2 -R(The)5.962 E F33.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) --.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F33.462 E F0(.)A F3(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +F1(kill)108 408 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 420 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 +432 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 444 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 456 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 468 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 +F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) +.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 480 R .28 +(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 492 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 +2.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 504 R +(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 451.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) --.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F3(let)108 468 Q F2 +(successfully sent, or f)144 516 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 532.8 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -480 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F1 .196 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 492 Q F2(ar)2.83 -E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F3(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F3(local)108 508.8 Q F0([)2.5 +544.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 556.8 Q F2(ar) +2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 573.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 520.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 585.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 532.8 Q 3.153(yo) --.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F3(declar) -3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F3(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 597.6 Q 3.152(yo) +-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) +3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -544.8 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +609.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 556.8 R F3 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 568.8 R F3(set)4.062 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 580.8 R 1.244 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F3(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 -(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 -(error to use)144 592.8 R F3(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 621.6 R F1 +(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 633.6 R F1(set)4.063 +E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 645.6 R 1.243 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 +(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 +(error to use)144 657.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) -5.42 F F3(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 604.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) -2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F3(logout) -108 621.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 621.6 Q F3(map\214le)108 638.4 Q -F0([)2.5 E F3A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(count) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 --2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 --2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E -F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F3 -.18(re)108 650.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3 -A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F3-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .351(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 662.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.85 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 674.4 R -F33.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F -(ariable)-.25 E F1(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) --6.249 F(ha)144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 698.4 Q F0 .911 -(The \214rst character of)180 698.4 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 710.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F3 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(65) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) +144 669.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) +2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) +108 686.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 686.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 703.2 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(65)195.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(Cop)180 84 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0(Be)180 96 -Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) +SF -.18(re)108 84 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) +C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 96 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr) +2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 108 R F1 +3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F +(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 +(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C +1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 132 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 132 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 144 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 156 Q F0(Cop)180 156 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm) +-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E +F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0(Be)180 168 Q +(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) -.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 108 Q F0(Discard the \214rst) -180 108 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1144 120 Q F0(Remo) -180 120 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def) -2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 132 -Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 132 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 144 Q F0(Ev)180 144 Q +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 180 Q F0(Discard the \214rst) +180 180 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1144 192 Q F0(Remo) +180 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def) +2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 204 +Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 204 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 216 Q F0(Ev)180 216 Q (aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 156 Q -F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 156 Q F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 172.8 Q F12.967 E F0 .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 228 Q +F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 228 Q F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 244.8 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 184.8 R 2.762(xo)-.15 -G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 196.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 208.8 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 225.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 256.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 268.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 280.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 297.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 242.4 Q F0 1.906 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 254.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 314.4 Q F0 1.905 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 326.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 271.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 283.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 -(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G -.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 -G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -295.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 307.2 Q F1144 319.2 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 319.2 R .551 +F1(popd)108 343.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 355.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 +(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G +.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 +367.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 379.2 Q F1144 391.2 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 391.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 331.2 Q F1(+)144 343.2 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 403.2 Q F1(+)144 415.2 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 415.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -355.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +427.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 367.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E -F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 379.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 439.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 451.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 -396 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs) -3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 -F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 408 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F +E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +468 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) +3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 +F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 480 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 420 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 436.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 448.8 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 -E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 460.8 R(ariable) +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 492 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 508.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 +(Write the formatted)144 520.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 +E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 532.8 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 472.8 Q(The)144 496.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 544.8 Q(The)144 568.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 508.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 580.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 520.8 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 532.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 544.8 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 556.8 Q F0(causes)180 556.8 Q F1(printf) -2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 592.8 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 604.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 616.8 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 628.8 Q F0(causes)180 628.8 Q F1(printf) +2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 568.8 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 580.8 Q F0(causes)180 580.8 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 640.8 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 652.8 Q F0(causes)180 652.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 592.8 Q F1(%\()144 604.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 616.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 628.8 R F2 +(input.)180 664.8 Q F1(%\()144 676.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 688.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 700.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -640.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F -.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 652.8 R .847 -(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 664.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 -G .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G -2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 676.8 Q -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 693.6 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ -peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 705.6 -R 1.259 -(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 717.6 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(66)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +712.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F 2.627 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 724.8 R +2.627(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.127(d. If).1 F 2.627(no ar) +5.127 F 2.627(gument is)-.18 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 +E(66)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.423 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F1(ar)144 96 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 -.033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .687 +(speci\214ed, con)180 84 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .687(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.187(sa).15 G 3.187(si)-3.187 G 3.187<66ad>-3.187 G 3.187(1h) +-3.187 G .687(ad been gi)-3.187 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.187(n. This).15 F +.688(is an e)3.187 F .688(xception to the usual)-.15 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(printf)180 96 Q F0(beha)2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar) +144 112.8 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated \ +as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 +(minus sign is allo)144 124.8 R 1.259 +(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 136.8 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 153.6 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.424 E F0 .923 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 165.6 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 108 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+) --2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 136.8 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a direc\ -tory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making th\ -e ne)144 148.8 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417 -(stack the current w)144 160.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W) --.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories) --2.916 E 1.625(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 -172.8 R 6.625(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha) -.18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:) -144 184.8 Q F2144 196.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change o\ -f directory when rotating or adding directories to the)180 196.8 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 208.8 Q F2(+)144 -220.8 Q F1(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 220.8 R F1(n) -3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.268(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 232.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 244.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 244.8 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 177.6 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) +108 194.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 206.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 218.4 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 230.4 R .416 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F +(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 242.4 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 254.4 Q +F1144 266.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 266.4 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 278.4 Q F1(+)144 +290.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 290.4 R F2(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 302.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 314.4 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 314.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)180 256.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 268.8 Q F0(Adds)180 268.8 Q F1(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) --.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 280.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 297.6 R F2(pushd) -2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 309.6 R F1(dir) -3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 -(stack is empty)144 321.6 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ +F F1(dirs)180 326.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 338.4 Q F0(Adds)180 338.4 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) +-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 350.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 367.2 R F1(pushd) +2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 379.2 R F2(dir) +3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 +F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 +(stack is empty)144 391.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 333.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 362.4 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -374.4 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 386.4 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 398.4 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 410.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 427.2 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1 -(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 --3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E -F1(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(pr) -3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 -3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 439.2 Q F1(name)A -F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ -e \214le descriptor)144 451.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 463.2 Q F23.847 E F0 1.347 -(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 475.2 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G -1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 403.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 420 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 432 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +444 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 +(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) +144 456 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 468 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 480 Q F1 -.18(re)108 496.8 S(ad) +.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(aname) +3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2 +(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc) +3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 508.8 Q F2(name)A F0 +(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ +\214le descriptor)144 520.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 532.8 Q F13.848 E F0 1.348 +(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 544.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G +1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 487.2 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 556.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 499.2 Q F0 -5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) --.25 F .722 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 568.8 Q F0 +5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) +-.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 511.2 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 -(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 -(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 523.2 R .197 -(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 535.2 R F2(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) -C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 580.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 +(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 592.8 R .197 +(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 604.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) +C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -547.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 559.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 571.2 R 1.049 +616.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 628.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 640.8 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F1(aname)180.33 583.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 595.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E -F0 1.317(The \214rst character of)180 607.2 R F1(delim)3.817 E F0 1.317 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.817 F 3.818 -(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 619.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 +-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 +(aname)180.33 652.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 664.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +1.318(The \214rst character of)180 676.8 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 688.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 -144 631.2 Q F0 .373 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 631.2 R F2 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) -2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 643.2 R .218 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 700.8 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 700.8 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) +2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E +.218(to obtain the line.)180 712.8 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(acti)180 724.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 667.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 667.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 679.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2144 691.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 703.2 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394 -(returns after reading)3.894 F F1(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 -(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 715.2 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) --.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) +146.79 E(67)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 --.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F -(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269 -(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 108 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.275 F 1.003 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 120 R -F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)3.502 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 132 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 144 S .67 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 84 +Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 96 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 108 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 +(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) +-.1 F(input, b)180 132 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 +E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 144 +Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 156 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269 +(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 192 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 204 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 156 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 168 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 180 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 216 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 228 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 240 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 192 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 252 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 (nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 204 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 204 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 216 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +144 264 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 264 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 276 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1144 228 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 228 Q +-.25 E F1144 288 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 288 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 240 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 252 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 264 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 276 Q +144 300 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 312 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 324 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 336 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -288 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 300 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 312 S(riable) +348 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 360 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 372 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 324 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 384 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -336 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 348 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 348 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 -(If no)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 376.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .773 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F --.25(va)144 388.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 400.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 417.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +396 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 408 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 408 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 424.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 436.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .772 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F +-.25(va)144 448.8 S 2.004 +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 460.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 477.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 489.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 441.6 R -1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 453.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 501.6 R +1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 513.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 465.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 477.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 525.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 537.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 489.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 +.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 549.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 501.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -513.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 561.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +573.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 525.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 585.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 537.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 554.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 566.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E -F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 590.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 597.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 614.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 626.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 638.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 650.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144 -602.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E -F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) -.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 626.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 -E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 -(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 662.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 674.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 686.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 -(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 698.4 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(68)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 +662.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) +3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 +(determine the status is the last command e)144 674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 686.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F 2.035 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 722.4 R 2.035 +(The return status is non-zero if)7.035 F F1 -.18(re)4.536 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 2.036(is supplied a non-numeric)4.536 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(68)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(set)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)144 84 Q .706 +(gument, or is used outside a function and not during e)-.18 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .705(cution of a script by).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)3.205 E +F0(or)4.038 E F1(sour)3.205 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.705(.A)C -.15(ny)-5.705 G +.365(command associated with the)144 96 R F1(RETURN)2.865 E F0 .365 +(trap is e)2.865 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .366(cution resumes after the func-).15 F(tion or script.)144 108 Q F1 +(set)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 108 S .835 +F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 148.8 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 120 R -3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783(riables cannot be) -.25 F 2.911(reset. In)144 132 R F2(posix)2.911 E F0 .412 -(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 144 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F 3.531 -(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)-.2 F -3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 156 R 1.624 +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 160.8 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 172.8 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 184.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 196.8 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 168 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 -2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 180 Q F0 -1.378(Each v)184 180 R 1.377 +144 208.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 220.8 Q +F0 1.377(Each v)184 220.8 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 192 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 204 Q F0 .131 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 204 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 216 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 -H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 228 Q F0 .088 -(Exit immediately if a)184 228 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 240 Q F2 -1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F -1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 -252 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 264 Q -1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 --.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 276 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) --.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 288 R -F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) --3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 300 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 312 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 324 R 2.678 -(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 -(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 336 R .617 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 232.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 244.8 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 244.8 R +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 256.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 268.8 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 268.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 280.8 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 +(The shell does not e)184 292.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 304.8 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 316.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 328.8 R +F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) +-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E +-.25(va)184 340.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 +(non-zero status because a command f)184 352.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 364.8 R 2.677 +(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 376.8 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 348 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 388.8 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 360 Q -2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 378 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 E F0 -2.043(is being)4.543 F 1.436(ignored, none of the commands e)184 390 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.435(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F -.193(body will be af)184 402 R .193(fected by the)-.25 F F12.693 E +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 400.8 +Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 418.8 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 +E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 +430.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 +(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 +(body will be af)184 442.8 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F12.694 E F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 -2.693 E F0 .194(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 414 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 454.8 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F13.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 426 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 438 Q F1 -144 450 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 450 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 462 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -462 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 -474 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 486 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 486 R .514 +(where)184 466.8 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 478.8 Q F1 +144 490.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 490.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +144 502.8 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +502.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 +514.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 526.8 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 526.8 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 498 Q F1 -144 510 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 510 R .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 522 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 534 R .678 -(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 546 S(it status.).15 E F1144 558 Q F0 .652 -(Read commands b)184 558 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 -(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 570 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 582 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E -F0(The)184 594 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 -E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 606 Q F0(Same as)224 618 Q F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F12.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 654 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 654 R 2.589 +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 538.8 Q F1 +144 550.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 550.8 R .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 562.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 574.8 R +.679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ +g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 586.8 S(it status.).15 E F1144 598.8 Q +F0 .653(Read commands b)184 598.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 +610.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F1144 622.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 634.8 Q F2 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 +(allexport)184 646.8 Q F0(Same as)224 658.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(braceexpand)184 670.8 Q F0(Same as)224 682.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(emacs)184 694.8 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 694.8 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 666 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 -(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 678 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) --.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 690 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 690 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 702 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(69)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(when the shell is interacti)224 706.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) +3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 718.8 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(69) +195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(functrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 108 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 144 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 144 R 3.087(,a) +SF(err)184 84 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 168 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 168 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 156 Q +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 180 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -168 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 180 R 1.656 +192 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 204 R 1.657 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -192 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 204 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 240 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 288 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 288 Q F1(notify)184 300 Q F0 -(Same as)224 300 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 312 Q F0(Same as) -224 312 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 336 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 348 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 348 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 360 R -1.136 +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +216 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 228 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 252 Q F0(Same as)224 252 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 264 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 288 Q F0(Same as)224 288 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 312 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 312 Q F1(notify)184 324 Q F0 +(Same as)224 324 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 336 Q F0(Same as) +224 336 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 360 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 372 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 372 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 384 +R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 372 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 384 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)224 384 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 396 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 408 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 408 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -396 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 -1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 408 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G -2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -420 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 432 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -444 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 456 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -456 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 468 Q F0 1.465 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 468 R 3.966(ace. This) --.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -480 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 510 Q -F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -522 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 -3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 -(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 534 Q F1 -144 546 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 546 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 558 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 570 -S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 -(and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524 -(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 582 R .379 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 594 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 606 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +420 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 432 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 +444 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 456 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 480 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +480 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 492 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 492 R 3.965(ace. This) +-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 +504 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 516 Q F0(Same as)224 516 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 534 Q +F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +546 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 558 Q F1 +144 570 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 570 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 582 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 594 S +(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 606 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 618 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 630 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 618 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G -.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 630 Q F1144 642 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 642 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 654 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 654 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 642 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 654 Q F1144 666 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 666 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1144 678 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 678 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 666 R 2.683 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 690 R 2.682 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 678 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 702 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -690 Q F1144 702 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 702 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 714 Q F0 .315(After e)184 714 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 -(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 3.259(or arithmetic)184 -726 R F1 -.25(fo)5.759 G(r).25 E F0 3.26(command, display the e)5.759 F -3.26(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.26(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)5.76 E F3(,)A F0(follo) -5.51 E 3.26(wed by the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28) -136.795 E(70)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +714 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(70)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(command and its e) -184 84 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 -E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0 2.579 -(The shell performs brace e)184 96 R 2.578(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 -2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078 -(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 108 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -144 120 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213 -(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 84 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 +G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0 .315(After e)184 96 R .315 +(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815 +F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E +F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236 +(or arithmetic)184 108 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 +(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 120 Q +(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 +144 132 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 132 R 2.578 +(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 144 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 156 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.714 E +F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 132 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F +3.053(tors. This)184 168 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 144 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 156 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 156 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 -(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 180 Q F1 -144 192 Q F0(Enable)184 192 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 -(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 204 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 216 Q F0 .96 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 216 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 -(that change the current w)184 228 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 240 R(def)2.686 +.15 F(tor)184 180 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 192 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 192 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 216 Q F1 +144 228 Q F0(Enable)184 228 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 240 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 252 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 252 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 +(that change the current w)184 264 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 276 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 252 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -264 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 264 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 288 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +300 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 300 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 288 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 300 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 300 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 -(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 312 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 324 Q F0 1.945 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 324 R F2(ar)4.444 E -(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 336 R F1 -3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 348 Q .425(The options are of)144 -364.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 324 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 336 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 336 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 348 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +360 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 360 R +F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G +1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 372 R +F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 384 Q .425(The options are of)144 +400.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 376.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 412.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 388.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 424.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 400.8 Q F1(shift)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 429.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 441.6 Q F1($#)2.583 -E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 453.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 436.8 Q F1(shift)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 465.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 477.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 489.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 465.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 477.6 Q F1(shopt)108 494.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 501.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 513.6 Q F1(shopt)108 530.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 506.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 542.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 518.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 554.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 530.4 R .825 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.325 E F0 .826 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F -.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 542.4 R F2 -(optnames)3.052 E F0 .551 -(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549 -(options. The)144 554.4 R F12.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \ -to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other) -5.05 E(options ha)144 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 578.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -578.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 590.4 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 590.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -602.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 602.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 614.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 -E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 626.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 638.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 638.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 566.4 R .826 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F +.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 578.4 R F2 +(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 +(options. The)144 590.4 R F12.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ +o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 +E(options ha)144 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 614.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 626.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 626.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +638.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 638.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 650.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 662.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 674.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 674.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 655.2 R F1 -3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 691.2 R F1 +3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 -(set or unset, respecti)144 667.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 +(set or unset, respecti)144 703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 679.2 Q(ault.) --.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -696 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.044 F .696 -(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 708 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 -E(71)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 715.2 Q(ault.) +-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(71)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The list of)144 84 -Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 -102 Q F0 .2(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e) -184 102 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 -E(ment to the)184 114 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.544 +(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545 +(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 96 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 108 Q(The list of)144 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(assoc_expand_once)144 142.8 Q F0 +1.944(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 154.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 166.8 R .857 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 178.8 Q F2(autocd)144 190.8 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 190.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 202.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 126 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 138 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F2(cdable_v)144 214.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 226.8 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 150 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 162 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 238.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 250.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -162 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 174 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 186 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +250.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 262.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 274.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 198 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 210 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 222 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 234 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 246 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 258 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 270 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 282 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 294 Q -.1(wa)-.1 -G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 306 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -318 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 -(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 330 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G -(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2 -(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 342 Q F0 1.202 -(If set,)184 342 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 --.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(the command proceeds.)184 286.8 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F2(checkhash)144 298.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 310.8 R F2(bash)3.237 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +322.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 334.8 +Q F0 .448(If set,)184 346.8 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 358.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 370.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 382.8 Q -.1(wa) +-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 394.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +406.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G +1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 418.8 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G +(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3 +(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(cmdhist)144 430.8 Q F0 1.202 +(If set,)184 430.8 R F2(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F +1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -354 Q 6.132(.T)-.65 G 1.132(his allo)-6.132 F 1.132 -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.133 -(This option is enabled by)6.133 F(def)184 366 Q .614(ault, b)-.1 F .614 -(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .613 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .913 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 378 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 -(compat31)144 390 Q F0 .419(If set,)184 402 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419 -(changes its beha)2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) -184 414 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 -(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +442.8 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 +(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 454.8 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F +.613(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 466.8 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A +F2(compat31)144 478.8 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 490.8 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 +(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) +184 502.8 R F2([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E +F2(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 426 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) --.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 -(use ASCII collation and)184 438 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E -(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 450 Q F4(str)2.5 -E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 462 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 -474 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 -(string comparison when using the)184 486 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 -(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 498 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 510 Q +(using the)184 514.8 R F2([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F +(s)-.55 E F2(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 +(use ASCII collation and)184 526.8 R F1(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G +(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 538.8 Q F1(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F2(compat32)144 550.8 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 562.8 R F2 +(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 +F 1.409(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 574.8 R F2([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F2(>) +2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 586.8 R .481 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 598.8 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 522 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 534 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 -(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 546 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 -(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 558 R F1 -(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F -(ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 570 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 582 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 594 Q F0 1.484(If set,) -184 606 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F F4(posix) -3.984 E F0 1.483 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 -(ex)184 618 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G -.959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 -(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 630 -R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 -(posix mode through v)184 642 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 654 Q F1(compat42)144 666 Q -F0 1.797(If set,)184 678 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 -(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 690 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 702 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 714 R F1 -(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 -(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 726 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 -(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 -(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 December 28)136.795 E(72)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F2(compat40)144 610.8 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 622.8 R F2(bash)3.909 E F0 +1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 +(string comparison when using the)184 634.8 R F2([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F2(>) +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 646.8 R +F2(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) +-.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 +658.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F +.086(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 670.8 +Q(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F2(compat41)144 682.8 Q F0 1.483 +(If set,)184 694.8 R F2(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F +F1(posix)3.983 E F0 1.484 +(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 +(ex)184 706.8 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 +G .958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 +(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 +718.8 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F 2.16 +(posix mode through v)184 730.8 R 2.159(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F 2.159 +(The def)7.159 F 2.159(ault bash beha)-.1 F 2.159 +(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F(vious)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(72)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.1(fa)184 84 S -.352(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353 -(ail \(the def)-.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F -2.853(et)-.1 G(hem)-2.853 E -.1(fa)184 96 S 1.058 -(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.057 -(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F .374 -(function is e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F(ws) --.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1 -(continue)2.875 E F0 .375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375 -(fect loops in)-.25 F(the caller')184 120 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E -(xt\).)-.15 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 132 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 144 R -F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames \ -and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.) -184 156 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign) --4.024 F 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in comple\ -ted \214lenames when these)184 168 R .028 -(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 180 R .028 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ve)184 84 S +(rsions.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)144 96 Q F0 1.796(If set,) +184 108 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 120 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 132 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 144 R F1 +(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 156 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 168 S .353 +(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) +-.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F +.375(function is e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 +.374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F +(the caller')184 204 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(compat44)144 216 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) +2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) +-2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 +240 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 252 Q F0 .654 +(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 +(forming completion.)184 276 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 +(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ +haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 +288 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 300 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 192 R 1.073 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 312 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 204 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 324 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -216 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 228 Q +336 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 348 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 240 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 360 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 372 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -264 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +384 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 276 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 288 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -288 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 396 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 408 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +408 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 300 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 312 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 312 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 420 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 432 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 324 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 444 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 336 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 336 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 456 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) +184 456 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 (xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 348 Q(gument to the)-.18 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 468 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 360 Q F0 .717 -(If set, aliases are e)184 372 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 480 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 492 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 384 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 396 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 408 R +(by def)184 504 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 516 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 528 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 (cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 420 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 +.221(identical to the)184 540 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 432 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 444 Q F0(The)220 444 Q F14.25 +(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 552 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 564 Q F0(The)220 564 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 456 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 468 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -468 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 480 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 492 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 492 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 576 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 588 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +588 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 600 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 612 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 504 S .488 +(exe)220 624 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 516 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 528 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 528 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 648 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 648 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 540 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 552 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 552 R -(shells in)220 564 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 660 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 672 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 672 R +(shells in)220 684 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 576 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 576 R(in)220 588 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 696 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 696 R(in)220 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) -2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 600 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 600 R .4 -(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 612 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 624 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 636 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 648 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 660 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 660 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 672 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 684 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 696 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 708 R .32 -(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 720 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(73)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(73)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(enabled by def)184 -84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(globasciiranges)144 96 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 108 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 120 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 84 R .4 +(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 96 Q F0 +(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 108 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 120 R F1 +($)4.973 E F0<08>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd) +-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473 +(uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.) +184 132 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 +144 Q F0 1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 144 R 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 156 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 168 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 180 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(when performing w)184 192 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 204 R F3 +.447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 +216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 228 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) +184 240 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 +(et e)-.1 F 2.518(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 252 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) .15 G(eha)-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 (he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 -(That is, the current locale')184 132 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(That is, the current locale')184 264 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 144 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 276 R F1(A) 3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 156 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 168 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 168 R F1(**)3.019 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 288 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 300 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 300 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 180 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 312 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -192 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 204 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 216 Q F1(histappend)144 -228 Q F0 .676 +324 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 336 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 348 Q F1(histappend)144 +360 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -240 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 252 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 264 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 276 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +372 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 384 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 396 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 (is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 288 Q F1(histv)144 300 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 312 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(tory substitution.)184 420 Q F1(histv)144 432 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 444 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 324 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 456 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 336 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 468 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 348 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 360 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 480 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 492 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -372 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +504 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 396 Q F0(If set,) -184 408 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 528 Q F0(If set,) +184 540 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 420 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 432 R .219(alue of the) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 552 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 564 R .219(alue of the) -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 444 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F -(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E -F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 456 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 .33(If set, allo)184 468 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 -(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 576 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E +F1(interacti)144 588 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) +184 600 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 480 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 492 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 504 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 504 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 612 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 624 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 636 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 516 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 528 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 528 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 660 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 540 Q +(with embedded ne)184 672 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 552 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 564 R +(localv)144 684 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 696 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -576 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +708 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 588 Q -F1(login_shell)144 600 Q F0 .486 -(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -612 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 624 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 636 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -648 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 660 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 672 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 684 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 696 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(74)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 720 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(74)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +SF(login_shell)144 84 Q F0 .486 +(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 +96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) +2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S +(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 180 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -132 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +240 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 156 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 180 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +(wo)184 264 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 276 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 288 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) 3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 204 S +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 312 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -216 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -228 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +324 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +336 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 252 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 264 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 276 +(are enabled.)184 348 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 360 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 372 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 384 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) -144 300 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 396 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 408 +S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 312 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 324 Q 2.86 +184 420 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 432 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 336 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 444 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 360 R F1 +F1(shift_v)144 456 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 468 R F1 (shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) -144 384 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 396 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 480 Q F1(sour) +144 492 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 504 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) -.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 408 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 420 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 432 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 516 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 528 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 540 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E (xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 460.8 R +108 556.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 472.8 R F1 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 580.8 R F1 2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 484.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 592.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 501.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 513.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 513.6 R .877 +E F1(test)108 609.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 621.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 621.6 R .877 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 525.6 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 633.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 537.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(primaries described abo)144 645.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 549.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 657.6 Q(gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 567.6 R .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 675.6 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 579.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(dence. The)144 687.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 591.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 603.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 615.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 615.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 -E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 627.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 639.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 651.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 663.6 S -(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -675.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 692.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E -F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E -(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(75) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(used when there are \214v)144 699.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 711.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 711.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(75)195.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.) --.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E +F0 .26(Returns the v)180 84 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 96 Q F2 -.2(ex) +144 108 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 120 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 132 S(pr1).2 E +F02.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 144 S +(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 160.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 190.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 202.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 214.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 -144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C -.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 -F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 +E 2.5(2a)144 226.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 238.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 250.8 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 -168 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +262.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 274.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 286.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 298.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A -F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ -ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) --.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 E F0(and) -3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 310.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 322.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 334.8 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 276 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 312 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1 -(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384 -(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 324 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 348 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 360 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 390 Q F1(test) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 406.8 Q F0 +(three ar)180 346.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +358.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 370.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 382.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +394.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 406.8 R +.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 418.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +430.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 442.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 454.8 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +466.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 484.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 501.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 406.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 -418.8 Q F1(trap)108 435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .703(The command)144 447.6 R F4(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 -(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F4(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F4 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 + processes run from the shell.)144 501.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 +513.6 Q F1(trap)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command) +144 542.4 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.202(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G +(f)-5.702 E F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 554.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 +(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 471.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 483.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +.659(\(the v)144 566.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 578.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 495.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 507.6 R F13.36 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 590.4 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 602.4 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 519.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 614.4 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 531.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(bers. Each)144 626.4 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 (>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 543.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 561.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 -(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +(names are case insensiti)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 656.4 R F2 +(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 +(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.648(If a)6.648 F F4(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(DEB)144 573.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F4(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 668.4 Q +(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.668 E F0 -(command,)3.668 E F4(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 585.6 Q F4 +-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0 +(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 680.4 Q F2 (select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 597.6 R F2 .145 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 692.4 R F3 .145 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 609.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 704.4 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 621.6 Q F4(ar) +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 716.4 Q F2(ar) 3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 633.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 651.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) -3.771 E F2(ERR)3.461 E F3(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F4(ar)3.791 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) --.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ -urns a non\255zero e)144 663.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 -(the follo)144 675.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR) -2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 -(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 687.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 699.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 -(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 711.6 R -1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) --3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 723.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E -(76)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 728.4 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(76) +195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.095 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .961(If a)144 84 R +/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(ERR)3.461 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F1 +(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961 +(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96 +(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(single simple command\)\ +, a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 96 R .185 +(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 108 R .452 +(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 120 R .387(wing a)-.25 F/F4 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke) +2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E +F0 .388(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 132 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E +F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 144 R 1.28 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 +F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) +3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 156 Q(yed by the) +-.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4A F0 2.5(\)o)C +(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -84 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 96 R .662 +174 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 186 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 108 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 -(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S -.174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1 -(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 198 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 +214.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 226.8 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F2144 148.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F2(type)3.342 E F0 +F4144 238.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F4(type)3.342 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 (,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F1 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 160.8 Q F0 .087 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 250.8 Q F0 .087 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1 (name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 172.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 262.8 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F22.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F2(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 184.8 R .855 +F42.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F4(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 274.8 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F2 -3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 208.8 R F1(name)2.613 -E F0 2.613(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112 -(command is hashed,)-.001 F F22.612 E F0(and)144 220.8 Q F2 -3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 +286.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F4 +3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F2 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 298.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F4 +2.612 E F0(and)144 310.8 Q F43.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 +F .731 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731 -(If the)5.231 F F2144 232.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F2 -(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T) -.18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 244.8 R F2 +F F2 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F4 +144 322.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 +(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 334.8 R F4 3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 256.8 R F23.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 +144 346.8 R F43.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F43.723 E F0 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 268.8 R F2(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) +144 358.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) 5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 280.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 370.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 387.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -309.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +399.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 (he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F23.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F23.444 E F0 .944 +.943(that allo)144 411.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F43.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F43.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 423.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F22.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F22.926 E F0 .426 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 435.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F42.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F42.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +447.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 459.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 471.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 393.6 R F22.999 E F0 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 483.6 R F42.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 405.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 -144 417.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 417.6 Q F2 -144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 429.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F2144 441.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 441.6 Q F2144 453.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 453.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 465.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 465.6 Q F2144 -477.6 Q F0 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 495.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 +144 507.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 507.6 Q F4 +144 519.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 519.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F4144 531.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 531.6 Q F4144 543.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 543.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4144 555.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 555.6 Q F4144 +567.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -477.6 Q F2144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -489.6 Q F2144 501.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 501.6 Q F2 -144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 513.6 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 525.6 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 537.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ +567.6 Q F4144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +579.6 Q F4144 591.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 591.6 Q F4 +144 603.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 603.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F4144 615.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 615.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4144 627.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 537.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 549.6 Q F2144 561.6 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 561.6 Q F2 -144 573.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 573.6 Q F2 -144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 585.6 -Q F2144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 597.6 Q F2144 -609.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 609.6 Q F2 -144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 621.6 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 633.6 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 633.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -645.6 Q F2144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -657.6 Q F2144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -669.6 Q F2144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 681.6 Q -(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F22.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F2 -2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F2 -2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -722.4 R F24.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 -4.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F24.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E -(77)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +180 627.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 639.6 Q F4144 651.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 651.6 Q F4 +144 663.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 663.6 Q F4 +144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 675.6 +Q F4144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 687.6 Q F4144 +699.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 699.6 Q F4 +144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 711.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2018 March 2)146.79 E(77)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.438(unscaled v) -144 84 R 1.438(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439 -(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404 -(return status is 0 unless an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404 -(lid option or ar).25 F .404 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0 .47(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 84 R +-.25(va)-.2 G .47(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F +(its children)180 96 Q F1144 108 Q F0 +(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 108 Q F1144 120 Q F0 +(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 120 Q F1144 132 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 +172.8 R F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 +4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 184.8 R 1.438 +(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F13.939 E F0(and)3.939 E +F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 196.8 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -108 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 136.8 -R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +208.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 237.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 148.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -160.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 249.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +261.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 172.8 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 273.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 184.8 Q F0 .551 +(mode)144.38 285.6 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 196.8 Q +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 297.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 225.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 314.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 254.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 266.4 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 367.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 (If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 278.4 Q F0 1.551 +-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 379.2 Q F0 1.551 (refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 290.4 R F1 +4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 391.2 R F1 4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +F(remo)144 403.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 314.4 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +(be unset rather than the v)144 415.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 326.4 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 +.221(options are supplied, each)144 427.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 (refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 (ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 338.4 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +(tion with that name is unset.)144 439.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G 1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 350.4 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 451.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 362.4 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 463.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 -374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 391.2 Q +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 -403.2 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ -nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) -3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 415.2 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 -G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.009 E F2(id)144.01 427.2 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +504 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\ +tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) +3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 516 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G +.009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.009 E F2(id)144.01 528 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 439.2 Q F1 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 540 Q F1 3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 (ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557 (If the)5.557 F F13.057 E F0 .587 -(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 451.2 R F1(wait) -3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 +(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 552 R F1(wait)3.086 +E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 (to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755 -(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 463.2 R(If)5.756 -E F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 -(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 475.2 -R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 -(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 -487.2 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 504 Q F0 -(If)108 516 Q F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F -F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1 -4.397 E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 528 R .945 +(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 564 R(If)5.756 E +F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 +(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 576 R +.365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 +(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 588 +Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 604.8 Q F0(If) +108 616.8 Q F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1 +(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 +E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 628.8 R .945 (restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 (vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E -(beha)108 540 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 556.8 Q -(changing directories with)144 556.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 573.6 Q -(setting or unsetting the v)144 573.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E +(beha)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E +(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 657.6 Q +(changing directories with)144 657.6 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 674.4 Q +(setting or unsetting the v)144 674.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E F4(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or) -2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 590.4 Q -(specifying command names containing)144 590.4 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 -607.2 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 607.2 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 +2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 691.2 Q +(specifying command names containing)144 691.2 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 +708 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 708 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E<83>108 624 Q .449 -(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 624 R .449 -(gument to the)-.18 F F12.95 E F0 .45(option to the)2.95 F F1 -(hash)2.95 E F0 -.2(bu)2.95 G .45(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 636 Q<83>108 -652.8 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 652.8 Q -(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 669.6 Q(parsing the v)144 669.6 Q -(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E -(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 686.4 Q(redirecting output using the\ - >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 686.4 Q<83>108 -703.2 Q(using the)144 703.2 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(78)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin command).2 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(78) +195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(adding or deleting b)144 84 Q(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(options to the)2.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E -<83>108 100.8 Q(using the)144 100.8 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q .449 +(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 84 R .449 +(gument to the)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.95 E F0 .45 +(option to the)2.95 F F1(hash)2.95 E F0 -.2(bu)2.95 G .45(iltin com-).2 +F(mand)144 96 Q<83>108 112.8 Q +(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 112.8 Q +(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 129.6 Q(parsing the v)144 129.6 Q +(alue of)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0 +(from the shell en)2.25 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 146.4 Q(red\ +irecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operato\ +rs)144 146.4 Q<83>108 163.2 Q(using the)144 163.2 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E +<83>108 180 Q(adding or deleting b)144 180 Q(uiltin commands with the) +-.2 E F12.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E +F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 196.8 Q +(using the)144 196.8 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E<83>108 -117.6 Q(specifying the)144 117.6 Q F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E -F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 134.4 Q -(turning of)144 134.4 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1 +213.6 Q(specifying the)144 213.6 Q F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E +F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 230.4 Q +(turning of)144 230.4 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1 (set +r)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A -(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 151.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 247.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 -(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 168 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.566 -(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1 -(rbash)108 180 Q F0(turns of)2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H -(estrictions in the shell spa).15 E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute the script.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 196.8 Q/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 208.8 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5 -(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4 -(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 220.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E -(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4(The Gnu History Libr)108 232.8 Q +(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 264 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F F2 1.566(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0 +(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1(rbash)108 276 Q F0(turns of)2.5 +E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 E +(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 292.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer) +108 304.8 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E +(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 316.8 Q (ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E -F4 -.8(Po)108 244.8 S(rtable Oper).8 E +F4(The Gnu History Libr)108 328.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E +(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4 -.8(Po)108 340.8 S(rtable Oper).8 E (ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities) --.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 256.8 Q -(g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E(http://tiswww)108 268.8 Q +-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 352.8 Q +(g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E(http://tiswww)108 364.8 Q (.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode)-.65 E F4(sh) -108 280.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A -F4(emacs)108 292.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108 -304.8 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 321.6 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 -333.6 Q F0(The)144 345.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E -F4(/etc/pr)109.666 357.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 -(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 369.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 381.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 -E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 393.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 405.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(The indi)144 417.6 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 429.6 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 -(The indi)144 441.6 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 +108 376.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A +F4(emacs)108 388.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108 +400.8 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 417.6 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 +429.6 Q F0(The)144 441.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E +F4(/etc/pr)109.666 453.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 465.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 477.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 +E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 489.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 501.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(The indi)144 513.6 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 525.6 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 +(The indi)144 537.6 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4(~/.inputr) -109.666 453.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 465.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re) -2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 482.4 S -(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 494.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E -(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 506.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 523.2 Q +109.666 549.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 561.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re) +2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 578.4 S +(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 590.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E +(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 602.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 619.2 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) --2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 535.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 -E F3 -.11(BU)72 552 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 -(If you \214nd a b)108 564 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 631.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 +E F3 -.11(BU)72 648 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 +(If you \214nd a b)108 660 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 576 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F +F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 672 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 (ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 -(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 588 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E -F0(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 604.8 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 +(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 684 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E +F0(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 700.8 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 (etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) -.15 F F4(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F -.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 616.8 R .895 -.15 +.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 712.8 R .895 -.15 (ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F -(be mailed to)108 628.8 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(be mailed to)108 724.8 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 (or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 645.6 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) -108 662.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 674.4 -Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 686.4 -Q 2.5(Ad)108 698.4 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 -E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28)136.795 E(79)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.2 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(79)195.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(As)108 84 S -(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcises the b).15 -E(ug)-.2 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 100.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ALL b)108 84 Q +(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 100.8 Q(ersion number of) +-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 112.8 Q +(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 124.8 Q +2.5(Ad)108 136.8 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E +2.5(As)108 148.8 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 165.6 +Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -117.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 134.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 -146.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 163.2 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F/F3 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 -(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869 -(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 175.2 Q F0 -(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 192 Q -(Shell b)108 208.8 Q +182.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) +.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 199.2 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 +211.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 +(There are some subtle dif)108 228 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F1 +(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F +F1(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 240 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 256.8 Q(Shell b)108 273.6 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 225.6 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 237.6 R .389 +re not handled gracefully when)108 290.4 R .389 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 302.4 R .389 (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 249.6 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ +108 314.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 261.6 Q(Array v)108 278.4 +(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 326.4 Q(Array v)108 343.2 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 295.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 December 28) -136.795 E(80)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(There may be only one acti)108 360 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E +(80)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 1d58ec188..90e4b15e5 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -332,29 +332,29 @@ @xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10} @xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation} @xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1} -@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options} -@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2} @xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{145} @xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{145} +@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options} +@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3} @xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names} @xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4} -@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type} -@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{146} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{146} @xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{146} -@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{146} +@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type} +@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6} @xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls} @xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7} @xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features} @xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8} +@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{147} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{147} @xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{147} -@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{147} +@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{148} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{153} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 9cffc9365..e71ae7b58 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -55,5 +55,5 @@ \entry{compgen}{133}{\code {compgen}} \entry{complete}{133}{\code {complete}} \entry{compopt}{136}{\code {compopt}} -\entry{fc}{140}{\code {fc}} +\entry{fc}{141}{\code {fc}} \entry{history}{141}{\code {history}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index a0f756318..4c2b3734e 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ \entry {\code {exit}}{45} \entry {\code {export}}{45} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {fc}}{140} +\entry {\code {fc}}{141} \entry {\code {fg}}{103} \initial {G} \entry {\code {getopts}}{45} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index 81d517646..5a0dbcedc 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 68ec29bd9..86e41edc8 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@