From: Chet Ramey Date: Tue, 19 Dec 2023 14:56:34 +0000 (-0500) Subject: fix history expansion to not perform quick substitution on a new line that's part... X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=aa2d23cfac90bebe2924ba075fef0a03fddd521d;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git fix history expansion to not perform quick substitution on a new line that's part of a quoted string; save the value of $_ around prompt string decoding --- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index e1039c837..e5fe08992 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -8172,3 +8172,34 @@ print_cmd.c - make_command_string_internal: when printing a coproc, print the coproc name only if the coproc command is not a simple command. Report from Albert Akchurin + + 12/14 + ----- +doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi + - bind: clarify meaning of `re-read' as being individual arguments + to `bind'. + Report from Dan Jacobson + - history expansion: add that the quick substitution character is + only active when it's the first character on the line. + Suggested by Dale R. Worley + +lib/readline/histexpand.c + - history_expand: if history_quoting_state is "'", don't try to + interpret the quick substitution syntax at the start of the string. + Report from Sundeep Agarwal + +execute_cmd.c,execute_cmd.h + - save_lastarg: new function, returns saved value of $_ in allocated + memory + +parse.y + - execute_variable_command: instead of inline code, call save_lastarg + +mailcheck.c + - check_mail: instead of inline code, call save_lastarg + - check_mail: instead of calling bind_variable, use bind_lastarg + +parse.y + - decode_prompt_string: use save_lastarg() and bind_lastarg() to preserve + the value of $_ across prompt string decoding. + Patch from Grisha Levit diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 3c0b29790..b1f52929d 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -1475,29 +1475,30 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- - ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the - shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. + tuting one string for another in the command, when it appears as + the first character on the line. The default is `^^'. The op- + tional third character is the character which indicates that the + remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first char- + acter of a word, normally `##'. The history comment character + causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining + words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell + parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref- erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly - declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- + declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- + MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. @@ -1505,160 +1506,160 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e may be of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but - _s_t_r_i_n_g. Each _v_a_l_u_e in the list is expanded using the shell expansions + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e may be of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but + _s_t_r_i_n_g. Each _v_a_l_u_e in the list is expanded using the shell expansions described below under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN, but _v_a_l_u_es that are valid variable as- signments including the brackets and subscript do not undergo brace ex- - pansion and word splitting, as with individual variable assignments. - When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and sub- - script are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of - the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement + pansion and word splitting, as with individual variable assignments. + When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and sub- + script are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of + the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assign- - ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is - required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al- - ternating keys and values: _n_a_m_e=(( _k_e_y_1 _v_a_l_u_e_1 _k_e_y_2 _v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). These - are treated identically to _n_a_m_e=(( [_k_e_y_1]=_v_a_l_u_e_1 [_k_e_y_2]=_v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). - The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in- - terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When - using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final + ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is + required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al- + ternating keys and values: _n_a_m_e=(( _k_e_y_1 _v_a_l_u_e_1 _k_e_y_2 _v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). These + are treated identically to _n_a_m_e=(( [_k_e_y_1]=_v_a_l_u_e_1 [_k_e_y_2]=_v_a_l_u_e_2 ...)). + The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in- + terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When + using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final missing value is treated like the empty string. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax in- - troduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- - scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative - to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax in- + troduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- + scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative + to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. - The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using + The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using the compound assignment syntax; see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS above. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e, unless - noted in the description of a builtin or word expansion. These sub- + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e, unless + noted in the description of a builtin or word expansion. These sub- scripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the - word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex- + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex- pansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the - original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with + original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the expansion - of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss above). - ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If + of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss above). + ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of elements in the ar- ray. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of an indexed array - evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to - one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices + evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to + one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref- - erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable + erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is valid, and bbaasshh will create an array if nec- essary. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the - values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in + It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the + values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable _n_a_m_e. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the special parameters _@ and _* within double quotes. The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] de- stroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t, for both indexed and asso- - ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted - as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable - does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, re- + ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted + as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable + does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, re- moves the entire array. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, behaves differently depending on whether _n_a_m_e is an indexed or asso- - ciative array. If _n_a_m_e is an associative array, this unsets the ele- + ciative array. If _n_a_m_e is an associative array, this unsets the ele- ment with subscript ** or @@. If _n_a_m_e is an indexed array, unset removes all of the elements but does not remove the array itself. - When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- - mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax de- + When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- + mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax de- scribed above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If path- name expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative ar- - ray. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative ar- + ray. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. - After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the - original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves + After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the + original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves (_q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l). - Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in- - crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a - single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex- + Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in- + crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a + single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex- pansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}", and, in most cases, $$** and $${{_n_a_m_e[[**]]}} as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single letters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, is + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single letters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each - number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed - with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x or _y - begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to - contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When - letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico- - graphically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the default C locale. - Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type (integer or letter). - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed + with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x or _y + begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to + contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When + letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico- + graphically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the default C locale. + Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type (integer or letter). + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex- pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A - {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing }}. @@ -1669,36 +1670,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD re- - places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD re- + places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1707,140 +1708,140 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as- - signments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the ex- + signments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the ex- panded value. - BBaasshh also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions + BBaasshh also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of variable assignments (as described above under PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) when they - appear as arguments to simple commands. BBaasshh does not do this, except + appear as arguments to simple commands. BBaasshh does not do this, except for the _d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands listed above, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an em- - bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan- + bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan- sion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. The _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a shell - parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference + parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference (AArrrraayyss). - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of indirection. BBaasshh uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the new _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of - the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of + the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The value is subject to tilde ex- - pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex- - pansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the - parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete - indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of - ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point - must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- + pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex- + pansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the + parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete + indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of + ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point + must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- tion. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented be- - low (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. - Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un- + low (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. + Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un- set. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the ex- - pansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa- + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the ex- + pansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa- rameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- - _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, an indexed array subscripted by @@ - or **, or an associative array name, the results differ as de- - scribed below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- + _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, an indexed array subscripted by @@ + or **, or an associative array name, the results differ as de- + scribed below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it is + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value - of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the expan- - sion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. Note - that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at + of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the expan- + sion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. Note + that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expansion. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parame- - ters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative - to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parame- + ters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative + to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter (or 0 if - there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error + there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the - result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one + result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_- + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces un- defined results. - Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- - ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de- - fault. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, + Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- + ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de- + fault. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value sub- - stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of _p_a_- + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value sub- + stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substituted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed - array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in- - terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the end of the + array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in- + terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} @@ -1848,15 +1849,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of - the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the - expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern - (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``####'' - case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal op- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of + the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the + expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern + (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``####'' + case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal op- eration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array vari- - able subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is - applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion + able subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is + applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} @@ -1864,15 +1865,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion - of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the ex- - pansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion + of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the ex- + pansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} @@ -1880,116 +1881,116 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//##_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//%%_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. _s_t_r_i_n_g undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari- - able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub- - stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. _s_t_r_i_n_g undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari- + able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub- + stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the rules described under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. In the first form - above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two + above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two slashes separating _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r and _p_a_t_t_e_r_n (the second form - above), all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. If - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is preceded by ## (the third form above), it must match + above), all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. If + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is preceded by ## (the third form above), it must match at the beginning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is preceded by %% (the fourth form above), it must match at the - end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If the expansion of - _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is + is preceded by %% (the fourth form above), it must match at the + end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If the expansion of + _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. - If the ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, - any unquoted instances of && in _s_t_r_i_n_g are replaced with the + If the ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, + any unquoted instances of && in _s_t_r_i_n_g are replaced with the matching portion of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. Quoting any part of _s_t_r_i_n_g inhibits replacement in the expansion - of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in - shell variables. Backslash will escape && in _s_t_r_i_n_g; the back- - slash is removed in order to permit a literal && in the replace- - ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash; - \\\\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users - should take care if _s_t_r_i_n_g is double-quoted to avoid unwanted - interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since - backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern - substitution performs the check for unquoted && after expanding + of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in + shell variables. Backslash will escape && in _s_t_r_i_n_g; the back- + slash is removed in order to permit a literal && in the replace- + ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash; + \\\\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users + should take care if _s_t_r_i_n_g is double-quoted to avoid unwanted + interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since + backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern + substitution performs the check for unquoted && after expanding _s_t_r_i_n_g; shell programmers should quote any occurrences of && they want to be taken literally in the replacement and ensure any in- stances of && they want to be replaced are unquoted. - If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is per- - formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to - each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re- - sultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to each mem- - ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is per- + formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to + each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re- + sultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to each mem- + ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, - if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern - should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ op- + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, + if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern + should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ op- erator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. - The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the - expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only - the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- - ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the - resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each - member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the + expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only + the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- + ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied + to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each + member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r@@_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r} PPaarraammeetteerr ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn. The expansion is either a transforma- - tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a + tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a single letter: - UU The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper- + UU The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper- case. - uu The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + uu The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the first character converted to uppercase, if it is alphabetic. - LL The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower- + LL The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower- case. - QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r quoted in a format that can be reused as input. - EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the + EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the $$''......'' quoting mechanism. PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). - AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment - statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will + AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment + statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. KK Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_- _e_t_e_r, except that it prints the values of indexed and as- - sociative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs + sociative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs (see AArrrraayyss above). - aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- + aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. - kk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val- - ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words + kk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val- + ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words after word splitting. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and + The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname expansion as described below. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -2003,46 +2004,46 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in a subshell environ- ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are - not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- - mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but + not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- + mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - With the old-style backquote form of substitution, backslash retains - its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first - backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substitu- - tion. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + With the old-style backquote form of substitution, backslash retains + its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first + backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substitu- + tion. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. There is an alternate form of command substitution: $${{_c _c_o_m_m_a_n_d;;}} - which executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in the current execution environment and cap- + which executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in the current execution environment and cap- tures its output, again with trailing newlines removed. The character _c following the open brace must be a space, tab, newline, - or ||, and the close brace must be in a position where a reserved word - may appear (i.e., preceded by a command terminator such as semicolon). + or ||, and the close brace must be in a position where a reserved word + may appear (i.e., preceded by a command terminator such as semicolon). BBaasshh allows the close brace to be joined to the remaining characters in - the word without being followed by a shell metacharacter as a reserved + the word without being followed by a shell metacharacter as a reserved word would usually require. Any side effects of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d take effect immediately in the current exe- - cution environment and persist in the current environment after the + cution environment and persist in the current environment after the command completes (e.g., the eexxiitt builtin will exit the shell). - This type of command substitution superficially resembles executing an - unnamed shell function: local variables are created as when a shell - function is executing, and the rreettuurrnn builtin forces _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to com- - plete; however, the rest of the execution environment, including the + This type of command substitution superficially resembles executing an + unnamed shell function: local variables are created as when a shell + function is executing, and the rreettuurrnn builtin forces _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to com- + plete; however, the rest of the execution environment, including the positional parameters, is shared with the caller. - If the first character following the open brace is a ||, the construct - expands to the value of the RREEPPLLYY shell variable after _c_o_m_m_a_n_d exe- - cutes, without removing any trailing newlines, and the standard output - of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d remains the same as in the calling shell. BBaasshh creates RREE-- + If the first character following the open brace is a ||, the construct + expands to the value of the RREEPPLLYY shell variable after _c_o_m_m_a_n_d exe- + cutes, without removing any trailing newlines, and the standard output + of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d remains the same as in the calling shell. BBaasshh creates RREE-- PPLLYY as an initially-unset local variable when _c_o_m_m_a_n_d executes, and re- - stores RREEPPLLYY to the value it had before the command substitution after + stores RREEPPLLYY to the value it had before the command substitution after _c_o_m_m_a_n_d completes, as with any local variable. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted @@ -2052,175 +2053,175 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN word splitting and pathname expansion on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou- - ble quotes, but double quote characters in _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n are not treated + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou- + ble quotes, but double quote characters in _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n are not treated specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo param- - eter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. - The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated. + eter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. + The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred - to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The - process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred + to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The + process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com- - mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, - writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form - is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the + mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, + writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form + is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup- port named pipes (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the - results of the other expansions into words using these characters as + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + results of the other expansions into words using these characters as field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly <><><>, the de- - fault, then sequences of ssppaaccee, ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee at the beginning and - end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any se- - quence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit - words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of - the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the - beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is - in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in - IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace - characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters + fault, then sequences of ssppaaccee, ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee at the beginning and + end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any se- + quence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit + words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of + the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the + beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is + in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in + IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace + characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. - If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. If IIFFSS is un- - set, word splitting behaves as if it contained the default value of + If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. If IIFFSS is un- + set, word splitting behaves as if it contained the default value of <><><>. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame- ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument re- sults and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. When - a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is + a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes -d after word splitting and null argument removal. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and - replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the - pattern (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are - found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left - unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, - the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no - matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not + replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the + pattern (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are + found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left + unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, + the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no + matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is per- - formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a - pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the - start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex- - plicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. In order to match + formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a + pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the + start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex- + plicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. In order to match the filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''', the pattern must begin with ``.'' (for - example, ``.?''), even if ddoottgglloobb is set. If the gglloobbsskkiippddoottss shell - option is enabled, the filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are never matched, - even if the pattern begins with a ````..''''. When not matching pathnames, - the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. When matching a path- - name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash - in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a - special pattern character as described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. - See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a - description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, gglloobbsskkiippddoottss, ffaaiillgglloobb, and + example, ``.?''), even if ddoottgglloobb is set. If the gglloobbsskkiippddoottss shell + option is enabled, the filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are never matched, + even if the pattern begins with a ````..''''. When not matching pathnames, + the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. When matching a path- + name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash + in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a + special pattern character as described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. + See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a + description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, gglloobbsskkiippddoottss, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file - name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed - from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- - ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- + ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGG-- - NNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null + NNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other - filenames beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior - of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the + filenames beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior + of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. - The GGLLOOBBSSOORRTT variable controls how the results of pathname expansion + The GGLLOOBBSSOORRTT variable controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted, as described above. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more di- - rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more di- + rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating se- quence and character set, is matched. If the first char- - acter following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any character + acter following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of characters - in range expressions, and the characters included in the - range, are determined by the current locale and the val- - ues of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. + in range expressions, and the characters included in the + range, are determined by the current locale and the val- + ues of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation of range expres- - sions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to [[aabbccdd]], set value of - the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or enable the gglloobbaassccii-- + sions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to [[aabbccdd]], set value of + the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or enable the gglloobbaassccii-- iirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be matched by including it - as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be - matched by including it as the first character in the + as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be + matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the character _. Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified us- - ing the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo- + ing the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with + the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo- cale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. - If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, the - shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the + If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, the + shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns - separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more + separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following sub-patterns: ??((_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t)) @@ -2235,84 +2236,84 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Matches anything except one of the given patterns The eexxttgglloobb option changes the behavior of the parser, since the paren- - theses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. To - ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure - that eexxttgglloobb is enabled before parsing constructs containing the pat- + theses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. To + ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure + that eexxttgglloobb is enabled before parsing constructs containing the pat- terns, including shell functions and command substitutions. When matching filenames, the ddoottgglloobb shell option determines the set of - filenames that are tested: when ddoottgglloobb is enabled, the set of file- - names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..'' - must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot; - when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning - with ``.'' unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ``.''. As + filenames that are tested: when ddoottgglloobb is enabled, the set of file- + names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..'' + must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot; + when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning + with ``.'' unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ``.''. As above, ``.'' only has a special meaning when matching filenames. Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, es- pecially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings contain - multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or + multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster. QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _R_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n allows - commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _R_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n allows + commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and - writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the - current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- + writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the + current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol- - low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, + low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. - If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines - the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirect- - ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- + file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. + If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines + the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirect- + ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- grammer to manage the file descriptor's lifetime manually. The vvaarrrreeddiirr__cclloossee shell option manages this behavior. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde - expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; - otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described + otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described below. //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -2322,22 +2323,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding TCP socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding UDP socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -2345,27 +2346,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex- - pansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex- + pansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re- + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re- sults from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file de- - scriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + scriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -2373,11 +2374,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>>>_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er- + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er- ror: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -2389,13 +2390,13 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 - When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If - it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDee-- + When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If + it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDee-- ssccrriippttoorrss below) for compatibility reasons. AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -2409,10 +2410,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until it reads a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing blanks). All of the lines read up to that point are then used - as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a + as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -2421,19 +2422,19 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic + No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote re- moval on _w_o_r_d, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If - _w_o_r_d is unquoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is _w_o_r_d itself, all lines of the here- - document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, + _w_o_r_d is unquoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is _w_o_r_d itself, all lines of the here- + document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This al- - lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This al- + lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -2441,9 +2442,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, - command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- - name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is + The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, + command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- + name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified). @@ -2453,8 +2454,8 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file de- + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file de- scriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. @@ -2463,12 +2464,12 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is - closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand - to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is + closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand + to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2476,7 +2477,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -2484,7 +2485,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2492,30 +2493,30 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word that is in a posi- - tion in the input where it can be the first word of a simple command. - Aliases have names and corresponding values that are set and unset us- - ing the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word that is in a posi- + tion in the input where it can be the first word of a simple command. + Aliases have names and corresponding values that are set and unset us- + ing the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - If the shell reads an unquoted word in the right position, it checks - the word to see if it matches an alias name. If it matches, the shell - replaces the word with the alias value, and reads that value as if it + If the shell reads an unquoted word in the right position, it checks + the word to see if it matches an alias name. If it matches, the shell + replaces the word with the alias value, and reads that value as if it had been read instead of the word. The shell doesn't look at any char- acters following the word before attempting alias substitution. - The characters //, $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or - quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The - replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell - metacharacters. The first word of the replacement text is tested for + The characters //, $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or + quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The + replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell + metacharacters. The first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for - instance, and bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement + instance, and bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next com- @@ -2524,129 +2525,129 @@ AALLIIAASSEESS Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If arguments are needed, use a shell function (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input, and - all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the - commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded - when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias - definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take - effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following - the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. - This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases - are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function - is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a - consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af- - ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini- + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input, and + all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the + commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded + when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias + definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take + effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following + the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. + This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases + are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function + is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a + consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af- + ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini- tions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in- - terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in- + terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be- - tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be- + tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin - command (_l_o_c_a_l _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s). Ordinarily, variables and their values are - shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared - llooccaall, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + command (_l_o_c_a_l _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s). Ordinarily, variables and their values are + shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared + llooccaall, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children (including the functions it calls). In the following description, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _s_c_o_p_e is a currently- execut- ing function. Previous scopes consist of that function's caller and so - on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any + on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any shell function. Consequently, a local variable at the current scope is a variable declared using the llooccaall or ddeeccllaarree builtins in the function that is currently executing. - Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre- - vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function - hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments - refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. + Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre- + vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function + hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments + refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible. - The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility - within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their - values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- - cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a - function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether - that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is - also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the + The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility + within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their + values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- + cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a + function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether + that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is + also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the value that is restored when the function returns. - For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, - and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from + For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, + and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from within _f_u_n_c_2 will resolve to the local variable _v_a_r from _f_u_n_c_1, shadow- ing any global variable named _v_a_r. The uunnsseett builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable is local to the current scope, uunnsseett will unset it; otherwise the unset - will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described - above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re- - main so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until - the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the + will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described + above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re- + main so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until + the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on - a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that - name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the lloo-- + a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that + name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the lloo-- ccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett shell option changes this behavior). - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de- - fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex- + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de- + fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex- ceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed be- - fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe- - cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe- + cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined with the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of re- cursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- pound command, and AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed- - width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is - trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, - associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- + width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is + trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, + associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence op- erators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. @@ -2675,57 +2676,57 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as oc- - tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num- - bers take the form [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal num- - ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a num- - ber in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When + tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num- + bers take the form [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal num- + ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a num- + ber in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, if a non-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are - represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, - in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up- - percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be- + represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, + in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up- + percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be- tween 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt and [[ commands determine their - behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt and [[ commands determine their + behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any other command-specific actions. - Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. - BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- + Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. + BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- sions. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these - special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in- - ternally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in- + ternally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, or when the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the << and >> op- - erators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the - shell is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the tteesstt command sorts using ASCII order- + When used with [[[[, or when the shell is in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the << and >> op- + erators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the + shell is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the tteesstt command sorts using ASCII order- ing. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2764,34 +2765,34 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a - value). If _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable name sub- - scripted by _@ or _*, this returns true if the array has any set + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + value). If _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable name sub- + scripted by _@ or _*, this returns true if the array has any set elements. If _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is an associative array variable name sub- - scripted by _@ or _*, this returns true if an element with that + scripted by _@ or _*, this returns true if an element with that key is set. --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- ence. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2801,8 +2802,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt - command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm-- mmaannddss). @@ -2816,113 +2817,113 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive - or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and - _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and + _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following ex- - pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the + pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the following order. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists - only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements - are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added - to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur- + shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists + only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements + are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added + to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur- rent shell environment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a - value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits + value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af- - fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af- + fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs the fol- + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs the fol- lowing actions. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to re- - member the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + member the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - in a separate execution environment with the original command and the - original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit - status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is + in a separate execution environment with the original command and the + original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit + status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta- tus of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a file containing shell commands, and the shell creates a new instance of - itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the + itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with - the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent - (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the + the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent + (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2930,282 +2931,282 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. A _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l is a copy of the shell process. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are re- - set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- + set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the de- + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the de- fault standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. Oth- - erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call- + erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call- ing shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in- - vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in- + vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and ddee-- - ccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + ccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, re- - placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re- - turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re- + turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins - return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in- + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in- valid options or missing arguments. The exit status of the last command is available in the special parame- ter $?. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un- - less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un- + less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ig- nores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in ef- - fect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + fect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP us- + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP us- ing ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. - When job control is not enabled, and bbaasshh is waiting for a foreground + When job control is not enabled, and bbaasshh is waiting for a foreground command to complete, the shell receives keyboard-generated signals such - as SSIIGGIINNTT (usually generated by ^^CC) that users commonly intend to send + as SSIIGGIINNTT (usually generated by ^^CC) that users commonly intend to send to that command. This happens because the shell and the command are in the same process group as the terminal, and ^^CC sends SSIIGGIINNTT to all pro- cesses in that process group. - When bbaasshh is running without job control enabled and receives SSIIGGIINNTT - while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground + When bbaasshh is running without job control enabled and receives SSIIGGIINNTT + while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground command terminates and then decides what to do about the SSIIGGIINNTT: 1. If the command terminates due to the SSIIGGIINNTT, bbaasshh concludes that - the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the SSIIGGIINNTT + the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the SSIIGGIINNTT (e.g., by running a SSIIGGIINNTT trap or exiting itself); - 2. If the command does not terminate due to SSIIGGIINNTT, the program - handled the SSIIGGIINNTT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig- - nal. In that case, bbaasshh does not treat SSIIGGIINNTT as a fatal sig- - nal, either, instead assuming that the SSIIGGIINNTT was used as part - of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort + 2. If the command does not terminate due to SSIIGGIINNTT, the program + handled the SSIIGGIINNTT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig- + nal. In that case, bbaasshh does not treat SSIIGGIINNTT as a fatal sig- + nal, either, instead assuming that the SSIIGGIINNTT was used as part + of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort editing commands) or deliberately discarded. However, bbaasshh will - run any trap set on SSIIGGIINNTT, as it does with any other trapped - signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com- + run any trap set on SSIIGGIINNTT, as it does with any other trapped + signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com- mand to complete, for compatibility. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the ex- - ecution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in- - terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + ecution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in- + terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be re- - turned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + turned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped job whose command name be- - gins with ccee. If a prefix matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped job whose command name be- + gins with ccee. If a prefix matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the - string ccee in its command line. If the substring matches more than one + string ccee in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was - in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may - be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was + in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may + be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with - a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying + a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that ex- + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that ex- its. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. - When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, - and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes - state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, + and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes + state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- minates before returning. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it - reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as de- - scribed above before tracing each command when the --xx option is en- - abled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting - a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it + reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as de- + scribed above before tracing each command when the --xx option is en- + abled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting + a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is in- serted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in - a locale-specific time representation. The braces are + a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) \\hh the hostname up to the first `.' @@ -3214,7 +3215,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -3223,8 +3224,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the value of the PPWWDD shell variable ($$PPWWDD), with $$HHOOMMEE - abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the + \\ww the value of the PPWWDD shell variable ($$PPWWDD), with $$HHOOMMEE + abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM variable) \\WW the basename of $$PPWWDD, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde \\!! the history number of this command @@ -3232,70 +3233,70 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY be- - low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com- - mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is - decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY be- + low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com- + mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is + decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under - SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if - escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or + SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if + escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or contain characters special to word expansion. RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is _~_/_._i_n_- - _p_u_t_r_c. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate - default is _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline li- - brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings - and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed - in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines - beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate - conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable + _p_u_t_r_c. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate + default is _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline li- + brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings + and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed + in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines + beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate + conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -3303,18 +3304,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -3326,15 +3327,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -3342,7 +3343,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -3353,7 +3354,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -3363,20 +3364,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -3387,109 +3388,109 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e or using the bbiinndd builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr - A string variable that controls the text color and background - when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip- - tion of eennaabbllee--aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn below). This string must not take + A string variable that controls the text color and background + when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip- + tion of eennaabbllee--aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn below). This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, so it should - consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the - terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This - variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal - type changes. The default value is the string that puts the - terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter- + consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the + terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This + variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal + type changes. The default value is the string that puts the + terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter- minfo description. A sample value might be "\e[01;33m". aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--eenndd--ccoolloorr - A string variable that "undoes" the effects of aaccttiivvee--rree-- - ggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr and restores "normal" terminal display appear- - ance after displaying text in the active region. This string - must not take up any physical character positions on the dis- - play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. - It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the - active region. This variable is reset to the default value - whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the - string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob- + A string variable that "undoes" the effects of aaccttiivvee--rree-- + ggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr and restores "normal" terminal display appear- + ance after displaying text in the active region. This string + must not take up any physical character positions on the dis- + play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. + It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the + active region. This variable is reset to the default value + whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the + string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob- tained from the terminal's terminfo description. A sample value might be "\e[0m". bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn (the default), readline attempts to bind the con- - trol characters that are treated specially by the kernel's ter- - minal driver to their readline equivalents. These override the - default readline bindings described here. Type stty -a at a + If set to OOnn (the default), readline attempts to bind the con- + trol characters that are treated specially by the kernel's ter- + minal driver to their readline equivalents. These override the + default readline bindings described here. Type stty -a at a bash prompt to see your current terminal settings, including the special control characters (usually cccchhaarrss). bblliinnkk--mmaattcchhiinngg--ppaarreenn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted. ccoolloorreedd--ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the + If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ- - ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of + ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. If there is a color defini- - tion in $$LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com- - pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix + tion in $$LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com- + pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix instead of its default. ccoolloorreedd--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- - ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- - tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment + If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- + ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- + tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--ddiissppllaayy--wwiiddtthh ((--11)) - The number of screen columns used to display possible matches - when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less - than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 - will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default + The number of screen columns used to display possible matches + when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less + than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 + will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default value is -1. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--mmaapp--ccaassee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline - treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- + If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline + treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is - greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline - will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise - they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline + will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise + they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means readline should never ask; negative values are treated as zero. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the - _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to - _O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters. This variable - is dependent on the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to + _O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters. This variable + is dependent on the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if the locale is changed. ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- ated from the keyboard. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) @@ -3497,29 +3498,29 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eemmaaccss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((@@)) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a - key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes - and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 - escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, - which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes + and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 + escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, + which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string. eennaabbllee--aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn ((OOnn)) - The _p_o_i_n_t is the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to a - saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is - referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. When this variable is set to _O_n, - readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _a_c_- - _t_i_v_e. When the region is active, readline highlights the text - in the region using the value of the aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr, - which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand- - out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack- - eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non- + The _p_o_i_n_t is the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to a + saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is + referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. When this variable is set to _O_n, + readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _a_c_- + _t_i_v_e. When the region is active, readline highlights the text + in the region using the value of the aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr, + which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand- + out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack- + eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non- incremental history searches. eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline configures the terminal to insert each - paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, - instead of treating each character as if it had been read from + When set to OOnn, readline configures the terminal to insert each + paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, + instead of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. This prevents readline from executing any editing commands bound to key sequences appearing in the pasted text. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) @@ -3527,195 +3528,195 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar- row keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at- + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at- tempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((uunnsseett)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history - list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, - the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the - number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a + the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the + number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE + shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a - new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), re- - gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name - mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, - but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit - characters. This variable is dependent on the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale + gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name + mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, + but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit + characters. This variable is dependent on the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if the locale is changed. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. kkeeyysseeqq--ttiimmeeoouutt ((550000)) - Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when - reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete + Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when + reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional - input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re- - ceived within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but - complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, - so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for - additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than - or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait - until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to + input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re- + ceived within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but + complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, + so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for + additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than + or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait + until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to complete. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddii-- + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddii-- rreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is _O_f_f, but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale - contains eight-bit characters. This variable is dependent on - the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if the locale is + contains eight-bit characters. This variable is dependent on + the LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE locale category, and may change if the locale is changed. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sseeaarrcchh--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline performs incremental and non-incremental + If set to OOnn, readline performs incremental and non-incremental history list searches in a case-insensitive fashion. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in- + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in- stead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--mmooddee--iinn--pprroommpptt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- - cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. + If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- + cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_o_d_e_-_s_t_r_i_n_g). sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when - inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when - performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, - readline does not insert characters from the completion that - match characters after point in the word being completed, so + If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when + inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when + performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, + readline does not insert characters from the completion that + match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated. vvii--ccmmdd--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((ccmmdd)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt - when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value + when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vvii--iinnss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((iinnss)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using - readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator, + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator, extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no char- acters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for in- - stance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for in- + stance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against both the full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. vveerrssiioonn - The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons - against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands - to the current readline version. The set of comparison - operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. - The version number supplied on the right side of the op- - erator consists of a major version number, an optional + The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons + against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands + to the current readline version. The set of comparison + operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. + The version number supplied on the right side of the op- + erator consists of a major version number, an optional decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 77..11). - If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. + If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. The operator may be separated from the string vveerrssiioonn and from the version number argument by whitespace. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- - specific settings. Each program using the readline li- - brary sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + specific settings. Each program using the readline li- + brary sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash @@ -3725,12 +3726,12 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e The _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e construct provides simple equality tests for - readline variables and values. The permitted comparison - operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be + readline variables and values. The permitted comparison + operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the - operator may be separated from the value on the right - hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- - ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested + operator may be separated from the value on the right + hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- + ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested against the values _o_n and _o_f_f. $$eennddiiff This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $$iiff @@ -3740,51 +3741,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -3800,33 +3801,33 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. pprreevviioouuss--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the - previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired - effect if the current readline line does not take up more than - one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired + effect if the current readline line does not take up more than + one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. nneexxtt--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect - if the current readline line does not take up more than one - physical line or if the length of the current readline line is + if the current readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if the length of the current readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. cclleeaarr--ddiissppllaayy ((MM--CC--ll)) - Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback - buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line + Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback + buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur- - rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh + rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -3834,158 +3835,158 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. A - numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. A + numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to use instead of the current line. ffeettcchh--hhiissttoorryy - With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list + With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list and make it the current line. Without an argument, move back to the first entry in the history list. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current cursor po- - sition (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a + sition (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters + Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search - string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in- + string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in- cremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in- - serts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in- + serts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or - the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive - calls determines the direction to move through the history. A - negative argument switches the direction through the history + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. sshheellll--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--CC--ee)) - Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This per- + Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This per- forms alias and history expansion, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quot- - ing, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arith- + ing, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arith- metic expansion, word splitting, and quote removal. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXX-- + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXX-- PPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xx CC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDD-- IITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt _e_n_d_-_o_f_-_f_i_l_e ((uussuuaallllyy CC--dd)) - The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by - ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac- - ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, + The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by + ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac- + ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, readline interprets it as the end of input and returns EEOOFF. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the same character as the tty EEOOFF character, as CC--dd commonly is, see above for the effects. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -3994,31 +3995,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -4027,64 +4028,64 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the nu- meric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a character that is nei- - ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative ar- gument may be used to move backward through the list. This com- mand is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd - Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list - of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -4093,67 +4094,67 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. pprriinntt--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo (()) - Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for + Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--lloowweerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--AA,, MM--BB,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The behavior is undefined if _x is already lowercase. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) @@ -4161,204 +4162,204 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative argument searches for previous oc- + that character. A negative argument searches for previous oc- currences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative argument searches for sub- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative argument searches for sub- sequent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re- + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re- moved, the line will be executed by the shell. ssppeellll--ccoorrrreecctt--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx ss)) - Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as - a directory or filename, in the same way as the ccddssppeellll shell - option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by + Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as + a directory or filename, in the same way as the ccddssppeellll shell + option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- - pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is - used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com- + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- + pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is + used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com- pletions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- pansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replac- ing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- mable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined - with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no - default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as - a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no + default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as + a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word from any successful expansion. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG op- - tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are be- - ing completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, - and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are be- + ing completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, + and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com- pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- - ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- betic characters. Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the --PP and --SS options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was de- + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was de- fined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de- + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de- fault completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -4369,176 +4370,184 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value - less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history - file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- + SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value + less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol- lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend- - ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with - history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the - history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled - (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the - lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is - overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, or if the history file is - unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable - is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the - history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- - sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- + ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with + history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the + history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled + (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the + lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is + overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, or if the history file is + unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable + is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the + history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- + sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTT-- - FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric + FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma- - nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma- + nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history - list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables are used to cause the + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables are used to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell op- + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell op- tions. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each - line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac- - count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which - line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is - to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. - The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each + line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac- + count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which + line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is + to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. + The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. The line is broken into words - in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- - _t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. The - _e_v_e_n_t _d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r selects the event, the optional _w_o_r_d _d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r se- - lects words from the event, and various optional _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- + in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- + _t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. The + _e_v_e_n_t _d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r selects the event, the optional _w_o_r_d _d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r se- + lects words from the event, and various optional _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- able to manipulate the selected words. - History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history ex- - pansion character, which is !! by default. History expansions may ap- + History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history ex- + pansion character, which is !! by default. History expansions may ap- pear anywhere in the input, but do not nest. - Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion - character, but the history expansion character is also treated as + Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion + character, but the history expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double- quoted string. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, ==, and the other shell metacharacters + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, ==, and the other shell metacharacters defined above. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell op- - tion is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the _q_u_i_c_k + _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character (described above under hhiissttcchhaarrss) is the first + character on the line. It selects the previous history entry, using an + event designator equivalent to !!!!, and substitutes one string for an- + other in that line. It is described below under EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss. + This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the history + expansion character. + + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell op- + tion is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. The event designator consists of the portion of the word + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. The event designator consists of the portion of the word beginning with the history expansion character and ending with the word designator if present, or the end of the word. Unless the reference is - absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history + absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be - omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. If - _s_t_r_i_n_g is missing, the string from the most recent search is + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. If + _s_t_r_i_n_g is missing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if there is no previous search string. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^^ The first argument. That is, word 1. - $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex- + $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex- pand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. - %% The first word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search, if - the search string begins with a character that is part of a + %% The first word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search, if + the search string begins with a character that is part of a word. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. If xx is miss- ing, it defaults to 0. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. These mod- ify, or edit, the word or words selected from the history event. @@ -4548,24 +4557,24 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at - bbllaannkkss and newlines. The qq and xx modifiers are mutually exclu- + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + bbllaannkkss and newlines. The qq and xx modifiers are mutually exclu- sive; the last one supplied is used. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event line. Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /. - The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. - A single backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set - to the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substi- - tutions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. + A single backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set + to the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substi- + tutions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. If _n_e_w is null, each matching _o_l_d is deleted. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. GG Apply the following `ss' or `&&' modifier once to each word in the event line. @@ -4574,56 +4583,56 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt/[[ builtins do not accept options - and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- - ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning - with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but - are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning - with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- + and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- + ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning + with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but + are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning + with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- tion. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. The return status is zero. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell en- - vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe- - cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, - filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing + vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, + filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, but _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not need to be executable. The file - searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. When bbaasshh is not - in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it searches the current directory if no file is - found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option to the sshhoopptt builtin - command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not searched. If any _a_r_g_u_- - _m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when - _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are - unchanged. If the --TT option is enabled, .. inherits any trap on + searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. When bbaasshh is not + in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it searches the current directory if no file is + found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option to the sshhoopptt builtin + command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not searched. If any _a_r_g_u_- + _m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when + _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are + unchanged. If the --TT option is enabled, .. inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored - around the call to .., and .. unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it exe- + around the call to .., and .. unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it exe- cutes. If --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG - trap, the new value is retained when .. completes. The return - status is the status of the last command exited within the + trap, the new value is retained when .. completes. The return + status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose - _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass re- - turns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass re- + turns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX] @@ -4633,13 +4642,16 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_-_l_i_n_e - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would ap- - pear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file such as _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but - each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; - e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, - have the following meanings: + pear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file such as _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but + each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; + e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. In the following de- + scriptions, output available to be re-read is formatted as com- + mands that would appear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file or + that would be supplied as individual arguments to a bbiinndd com- + mand. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- @@ -6870,4 +6882,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.3 2023 November 6 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.3 2023 December 14 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index f55f3ef07..c4603de13 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Mon Nov 6 10:19:40 EST 2023 +.\" Last Change: Thu Dec 14 11:05:39 EST 2023 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .\" avoid a warning about an undefined register .\" .if !rzY .nr zY 0 .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2023 November 6" "GNU Bash 5.3" +.TH BASH 1 "2023 December 14" "GNU Bash 5.3" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -2771,7 +2771,8 @@ the character which signals the start of a history expansion, normally `\fB!\fP'. The second character is the \fIquick substitution\fP character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous -command entered, substituting one string for another in the command. +command entered, substituting one string for another in the command, +when it appears as the first character on the line. The default is `\fB\(ha\fP'. The optional third character is the character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found @@ -7584,6 +7585,17 @@ following the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, tab, newline, carriage return, \fB=\fP, and the other shell metacharacters defined above. .PP +There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the +\fIquick substitution\fP character (described above under +.BR histchars ) +is the first character on the line. +It selects the previous history entry, using an event designator +equivalent to \fB!!\fP, +and substitutes one string for another in that line. +It is described below under \fBEvent Designators\fP. +This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the history +expansion character. +.PP Several shell options settable with the .B shopt builtin may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. @@ -7960,6 +7972,12 @@ initialization file such as .IR .inputrc , but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\eC\-x\eC\-r": re\-read\-init\-file'. +In the following descriptions, output available to be re-read is formatted +as commands that would appear in a +.B readline +initialization file or that would be supplied as individual arguments to a +.B bind +command. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: .RS .PD 0 diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 6612ca2de..8ba73a9c6 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2023 October 6BASH(1) +BASH(1)2023 December 14BASH(1)

Index @@ -187,7 +187,9 @@ signals the end of options and disables further option processing. Any arguments after the -- -are treated as filenames and arguments. An argument of +are treated as a shell script filename (see below) +and arguments passed to that script. +An argument of - is equivalent to --. @@ -330,7 +332,7 @@ nor the -s option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to -be the name of a file containing shell commands. +be the name of a file containing shell commands (a shell script). If bash @@ -2889,7 +2891,7 @@ Control how the results of pathname expansion are sorted. The value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order for the results of pathname expansion. If this variable is unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion -uses the historial behavior of sorting by name. +uses the historical behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value begins with an optional +, which is ignored, or -, which reverses the sort order from ascending to descending, followed by a sort specifier. @@ -3490,7 +3492,8 @@ the character which signals the start of a history expansion, normally `!'. The second character is the quick substitution character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous -command entered, substituting one string for another in the command. +command entered, substituting one string for another in the command, +when it appears as the first character on the line. The default is `ha'. The optional third character is the character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found @@ -9576,6 +9579,19 @@ space, tab, newline, carriage return, =, and the other shell metacharacters defined above.

+There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the +quick substitution character (described above under +histchars) + +is the first character on the line. +It selects the previous history entry, using an event designator +equivalent to !!, +and substitutes one string for another in that line. +It is described below under Event Designators. +This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the history +expansion character. +

+ Several shell options settable with the shopt @@ -10056,6 +10072,14 @@ initialization file such as but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. +In the following descriptions, output available to be re-read is formatted +as commands that would appear in a +readline + +initialization file or that would be supplied as individual arguments to a +bind + +command. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:

@@ -11124,8 +11148,10 @@ from shared object on systems that support dynamic loading. Bash will use the value of the BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable as a -colon-separated list of directories in which to search for filename. -The default is system-dependent. +colon-separated list of directories in which to search for filename, +if filename does not contain a slash. +The default is system-dependent, +and may include "." to force a search of the current directory. The -d @@ -13682,16 +13708,14 @@ If the string is not translated, this has no effect.
nullglob
-If set, -bash - -allows patterns which match no -files (see +If set, pathname expansion patterns which match no files +(see Pathname Expansion above) -to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. +expand to nothing and are removed, +rather than expanding to themselves.
patsub_replacement
@@ -15161,7 +15185,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 5.32023 October 6BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.32023 December 14BASH(1)
@@ -15267,7 +15291,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
BUGS
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231007/doc/bash.1.
-Time: 11 October 2023 10:25:11 EDT +This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231212/doc/bash.1.
+Time: 14 December 2023 16:39:25 EST diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 30026b0c6..a87b08766 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 6 November 2023). +Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 December 2023). - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 6 November 2023, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 December 2023, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3. Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 6 November 2023). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 December 2023). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 6 November 2023, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 December 2023, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -3805,24 +3805,25 @@ standard. '-p' Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way - that they can be used as input or in a Readline initialization - file. + that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent 'bind' + command or in a Readline initialization file. '-P' List current Readline function names and bindings. '-v' Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that - they can be used as input or in a Readline initialization - file. + they can be used as an argument to a subsequent 'bind' command + or in a Readline initialization file. '-V' List current Readline variable names and values. '-s' Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings - they output in such a way that they can be used as input or in - a Readline initialization file. + they output in such a way that they can be used as an argument + to a subsequent 'bind' command or in a Readline initialization + file. '-S' Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings @@ -3865,7 +3866,8 @@ standard. '-X' List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the - associated commands in a format that can be reused as input. + associated commands in a format that can be reused as an + argument to a subsequent 'bind' command. The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. @@ -5735,7 +5737,7 @@ Variables::). first character is the "history expansion" character, that is, the character which signifies the start of a history expansion, normally '!'. The second character is the character which - signifies 'quick substitution' when seen as the first character on + signifies "quick substitution" when seen as the first character on a line, normally '^'. The optional third character is the character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character of a word, usually '#'. @@ -10479,6 +10481,14 @@ history expansion character, but the history expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. + There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the +QUICK SUBSTITUTION character (default '^') is the first character on the +line. It selects the previous history list entry, using an event +designator equivalent to '!!', and substitutes one string for another in +that line. It is described below (*note Event Designators::). This is +the only history expansion that does not begin with the history +expansion character. + Several shell options settable with the 'shopt' builtin (*note The Shopt Builtin::) may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the 'histverify' shell option is enabled, and Readline is @@ -12138,11 +12148,11 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * bind: Bash Builtins. (line 21) * break: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 37) -* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 117) -* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 126) +* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 119) +* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 128) * cd: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 45) -* command: Bash Builtins. (line 143) +* command: Bash Builtins. (line 145) * compgen: Programmable Completion Builtins. (line 12) * complete: Programmable Completion Builtins. @@ -12151,13 +12161,13 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands (line 248) * continue: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 90) -* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 163) +* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 165) * dirs: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 7) * disown: Job Control Builtins. (line 104) -* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 266) -* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 315) +* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 268) +* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 317) * eval: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 99) * exec: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -12176,26 +12186,26 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands (line 153) * hash: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 197) -* help: Bash Builtins. (line 353) +* help: Bash Builtins. (line 355) * history: Bash History Builtins. (line 46) * jobs: Job Control Builtins. (line 27) * kill: Job Control Builtins. (line 58) -* let: Bash Builtins. (line 372) -* local: Bash Builtins. (line 380) -* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 397) -* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 402) +* let: Bash Builtins. (line 374) +* local: Bash Builtins. (line 382) +* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 399) +* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 404) * popd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 35) -* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 448) +* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 450) * pushd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 69) * pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 222) -* read: Bash Builtins. (line 516) -* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 619) +* read: Bash Builtins. (line 518) +* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 621) * readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 232) * return: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -12204,7 +12214,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * shift: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 272) * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) -* source: Bash Builtins. (line 628) +* source: Bash Builtins. (line 630) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. (line 116) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -12215,12 +12225,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands (line 393) * true: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 455) -* type: Bash Builtins. (line 633) -* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 671) -* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 677) +* type: Bash Builtins. (line 635) +* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 673) +* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 679) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 460) -* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 783) +* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 785) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 478) * wait: Job Control Builtins. @@ -12898,138 +12908,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top892 -Node: Introduction2807 -Node: What is Bash?3020 -Node: What is a shell?4131 -Node: Definitions6666 -Node: Basic Shell Features9614 -Node: Shell Syntax10830 -Node: Shell Operation11853 -Node: Quoting13143 -Node: Escape Character14444 -Node: Single Quotes14926 -Node: Double Quotes15271 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16546 -Node: Locale Translation17855 -Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19163 -Node: Comments23277 -Node: Shell Commands23892 -Node: Reserved Words24827 -Node: Simple Commands25580 -Node: Pipelines26231 -Node: Lists29214 -Node: Compound Commands31006 -Node: Looping Constructs32015 -Node: Conditional Constructs34507 -Node: Command Grouping48992 -Node: Coprocesses50467 -Node: GNU Parallel53127 -Node: Shell Functions54041 -Node: Shell Parameters61923 -Node: Positional Parameters66308 -Node: Special Parameters67207 -Node: Shell Expansions70418 -Node: Brace Expansion72503 -Node: Tilde Expansion75234 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77852 -Node: Command Substitution96442 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion99903 -Node: Process Substitution100868 -Node: Word Splitting101985 -Node: Filename Expansion104030 -Node: Pattern Matching106960 -Node: Quote Removal111959 -Node: Redirections112251 -Node: Executing Commands121942 -Node: Simple Command Expansion122609 -Node: Command Search and Execution124716 -Node: Command Execution Environment127100 -Node: Environment130132 -Node: Exit Status131792 -Node: Signals133573 -Node: Shell Scripts137019 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands140043 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins142078 -Node: Bash Builtins165467 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior198516 -Node: The Set Builtin198858 -Node: The Shopt Builtin209829 -Node: Special Builtins226021 -Node: Shell Variables227010 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables227444 -Node: Bash Variables229545 -Node: Bash Features264611 -Node: Invoking Bash265621 -Node: Bash Startup Files271752 -Node: Interactive Shells276880 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?277288 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?277934 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior278746 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions282372 -Node: Shell Arithmetic287282 -Node: Aliases290240 -Node: Arrays293131 -Node: The Directory Stack299762 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins300543 -Node: Controlling the Prompt304800 -Node: The Restricted Shell307762 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode310369 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode327011 -Node: Job Control335256 -Node: Job Control Basics335713 -Node: Job Control Builtins340712 -Node: Job Control Variables346504 -Node: Command Line Editing347657 -Node: Introduction and Notation349325 -Node: Readline Interaction350945 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials352133 -Node: Readline Movement Commands353919 -Node: Readline Killing Commands354876 -Node: Readline Arguments356794 -Node: Searching357835 -Node: Readline Init File360018 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax361276 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs385298 -Node: Sample Init File389491 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands392612 -Node: Commands For Moving393813 -Node: Commands For History395861 -Node: Commands For Text400852 -Node: Commands For Killing404827 -Node: Numeric Arguments407528 -Node: Commands For Completion408664 -Node: Keyboard Macros412852 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands413537 -Node: Readline vi Mode419903 -Node: Programmable Completion420807 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins428584 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example439701 -Node: Using History Interactively444946 -Node: Bash History Facilities445627 -Node: Bash History Builtins448635 -Node: History Interaction453723 -Node: Event Designators457533 -Node: Word Designators459068 -Node: Modifiers460930 -Node: Installing Bash462735 -Node: Basic Installation463869 -Node: Compilers and Options467588 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures468326 -Node: Installation Names470015 -Node: Specifying the System Type472121 -Node: Sharing Defaults472835 -Node: Operation Controls473505 -Node: Optional Features474460 -Node: Reporting Bugs485677 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell487008 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License503863 -Node: Indexes529037 -Node: Builtin Index529488 -Node: Reserved Word Index536586 -Node: Variable Index539031 -Node: Function Index556162 -Node: Concept Index570018 +Node: Top894 +Node: Introduction2811 +Node: What is Bash?3024 +Node: What is a shell?4135 +Node: Definitions6670 +Node: Basic Shell Features9618 +Node: Shell Syntax10834 +Node: Shell Operation11857 +Node: Quoting13147 +Node: Escape Character14448 +Node: Single Quotes14930 +Node: Double Quotes15275 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16550 +Node: Locale Translation17859 +Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19167 +Node: Comments23281 +Node: Shell Commands23896 +Node: Reserved Words24831 +Node: Simple Commands25584 +Node: Pipelines26235 +Node: Lists29218 +Node: Compound Commands31010 +Node: Looping Constructs32019 +Node: Conditional Constructs34511 +Node: Command Grouping48996 +Node: Coprocesses50471 +Node: GNU Parallel53131 +Node: Shell Functions54045 +Node: Shell Parameters61927 +Node: Positional Parameters66312 +Node: Special Parameters67211 +Node: Shell Expansions70422 +Node: Brace Expansion72507 +Node: Tilde Expansion75238 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77856 +Node: Command Substitution96446 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion99907 +Node: Process Substitution100872 +Node: Word Splitting101989 +Node: Filename Expansion104034 +Node: Pattern Matching106964 +Node: Quote Removal111963 +Node: Redirections112255 +Node: Executing Commands121946 +Node: Simple Command Expansion122613 +Node: Command Search and Execution124720 +Node: Command Execution Environment127104 +Node: Environment130136 +Node: Exit Status131796 +Node: Signals133577 +Node: Shell Scripts137023 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands140047 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins142082 +Node: Bash Builtins165471 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior198688 +Node: The Set Builtin199030 +Node: The Shopt Builtin210001 +Node: Special Builtins226193 +Node: Shell Variables227182 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables227616 +Node: Bash Variables229717 +Node: Bash Features264783 +Node: Invoking Bash265793 +Node: Bash Startup Files271924 +Node: Interactive Shells277052 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?277460 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?278106 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior278918 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions282544 +Node: Shell Arithmetic287454 +Node: Aliases290412 +Node: Arrays293303 +Node: The Directory Stack299934 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins300715 +Node: Controlling the Prompt304972 +Node: The Restricted Shell307934 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode310541 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode327183 +Node: Job Control335428 +Node: Job Control Basics335885 +Node: Job Control Builtins340884 +Node: Job Control Variables346676 +Node: Command Line Editing347829 +Node: Introduction and Notation349497 +Node: Readline Interaction351117 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials352305 +Node: Readline Movement Commands354091 +Node: Readline Killing Commands355048 +Node: Readline Arguments356966 +Node: Searching358007 +Node: Readline Init File360190 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax361448 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs385470 +Node: Sample Init File389663 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands392784 +Node: Commands For Moving393985 +Node: Commands For History396033 +Node: Commands For Text401024 +Node: Commands For Killing404999 +Node: Numeric Arguments407700 +Node: Commands For Completion408836 +Node: Keyboard Macros413024 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands413709 +Node: Readline vi Mode420075 +Node: Programmable Completion420979 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins428756 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example439873 +Node: Using History Interactively445118 +Node: Bash History Facilities445799 +Node: Bash History Builtins448807 +Node: History Interaction453895 +Node: Event Designators458144 +Node: Word Designators459679 +Node: Modifiers461541 +Node: Installing Bash463346 +Node: Basic Installation464480 +Node: Compilers and Options468199 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures468937 +Node: Installation Names470626 +Node: Specifying the System Type472732 +Node: Sharing Defaults473446 +Node: Operation Controls474116 +Node: Optional Features475071 +Node: Reporting Bugs486288 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell487619 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License504474 +Node: Indexes529648 +Node: Builtin Index530099 +Node: Reserved Word Index537197 +Node: Variable Index539642 +Node: Function Index556773 +Node: Concept Index570629  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 8cbf13107..ec604f94b 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 6bcee5b7f..6031649e3 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ \entry{builtin}{59}{\code {builtin}} \entry{caller}{59}{\code {caller}} \entry{command}{59}{\code {command}} -\entry{declare}{59}{\code {declare}} +\entry{declare}{60}{\code {declare}} \entry{echo}{61}{\code {echo}} \entry{enable}{62}{\code {enable}} \entry{help}{62}{\code {help}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index 82afb1dc4..ebaccfb8d 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ \entry{\code {compopt}}{155} \entry{\code {continue}}{50} \initial {D} -\entry{\code {declare}}{59} +\entry{\code {declare}}{60} \entry{\code {dirs}}{106} \entry{\code {disown}}{121} \initial {E} diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index d12dfd542..7d4095459 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ -shift trap unset +
break : . source continue eval exec exit export readonly return set
+shift times trap unset
@@ -7442,7 +7452,7 @@ option. The value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order for the results of filename expansion. If this variable is unset or set to the null string, filename expansion -uses the historial behavior of sorting by name. +uses the historical behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value begins with an optional ‘+’, which is ignored, or ‘-’, which reverses the sort order from ascending to descending, followed by a sort specifier. @@ -7484,13 +7494,17 @@ subsequently reset. substitution, and tokenization (see History Expansion). The first character is the history expansion character, that is, the character which signifies the -start of a history expansion, normally ‘!’. The second character is the -character which signifies ‘quick substitution’ when seen as the first -character on a line, normally ‘^’. The optional third character is the +start of a history expansion, normally ‘!’. +The second character is the +character which signifies "quick substitution" when seen as the first +character on a line, normally ‘^’. +The optional third character is the character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when -found as the first character of a word, usually ‘#’. The history +found as the first character of a word, usually ‘#’. +The history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the -remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell +remaining words on the line. +It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.

@@ -8130,8 +8144,15 @@ that may be reused as input.
--

A -- signals the end of options and disables further option processing. -Any arguments after the -- are treated as filenames and arguments. -

+Any arguments after the -- +are treated as a shell script filename (see Shell Scripts) +and arguments passed to that script. +

+ +
-
+

Equivalent to --. +

+
@@ -9574,6 +9595,12 @@ fatal error if it attempts to unset a readonly or non-unsetta variable, or encounters a variable name argument that is an invalid identifier, which causes a non-interactive shell to exit. +
  • When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment statement +preceding the command, the unset builtin attempts to unset a variable +of the same name in the current or previous scope as well. +This implements the required "if an assigned variable is further modified +by the utility, the modifications made by the utility shall persist" behavior. +
  • A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. @@ -12394,6 +12421,14 @@ as the editor, in that order.

    + +
    execute-named-command (M-x)
    +

    Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute the +function to which it’s bound, as if the key sequence to which it was +bound appeared in the input. +If this function is supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that +argument to the function it executes. +

    @@ -13362,6 +13397,16 @@ history expansion character, but the history expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string.

    +

    There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the +quick substitution character (default ‘^’) +is the first character on the line. +It selects the previous history list entry, using an event designator +equivalent to !!, +and substitutes one string for another in that line. +It is described below (see Event Designators). +This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the history +expansion character. +

    Several shell options settable with the shopt builtin (see The Shopt Builtin) may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the @@ -14204,7 +14249,7 @@ instance of the shell from the environment. This option is enabled by default.

    -
    --enable-glob-asciirange-default
    +
    --enable-glob-asciiranges-default

    Set the default value of the globasciiranges shell option described above under The Shopt Builtin to be enabled. This controls the behavior of character ranges when used in pattern matching @@ -16034,6 +16079,7 @@ Next: , Previ end-of-history (M->): Commands For History end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Miscellaneous Commands +execute-named-command (M-x): Miscellaneous Commands

    F fetch-history (): Commands For History diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 064eab3f6..729497672 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 6 November 2023). +Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 December 2023). - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 6 November 2023, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 December 2023, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3. Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.3, 6 November 2023). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 December 2023). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.3, last updated 6 November 2023, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 December 2023, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -3806,24 +3806,25 @@ standard. '-p' Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way - that they can be used as input or in a Readline initialization - file. + that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent 'bind' + command or in a Readline initialization file. '-P' List current Readline function names and bindings. '-v' Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that - they can be used as input or in a Readline initialization - file. + they can be used as an argument to a subsequent 'bind' command + or in a Readline initialization file. '-V' List current Readline variable names and values. '-s' Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings - they output in such a way that they can be used as input or in - a Readline initialization file. + they output in such a way that they can be used as an argument + to a subsequent 'bind' command or in a Readline initialization + file. '-S' Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings @@ -3866,7 +3867,8 @@ standard. '-X' List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the - associated commands in a format that can be reused as input. + associated commands in a format that can be reused as an + argument to a subsequent 'bind' command. The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. @@ -5736,7 +5738,7 @@ Variables::). first character is the "history expansion" character, that is, the character which signifies the start of a history expansion, normally '!'. The second character is the character which - signifies 'quick substitution' when seen as the first character on + signifies "quick substitution" when seen as the first character on a line, normally '^'. The optional third character is the character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character of a word, usually '#'. @@ -10480,6 +10482,14 @@ history expansion character, but the history expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. + There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the +QUICK SUBSTITUTION character (default '^') is the first character on the +line. It selects the previous history list entry, using an event +designator equivalent to '!!', and substitutes one string for another in +that line. It is described below (*note Event Designators::). This is +the only history expansion that does not begin with the history +expansion character. + Several shell options settable with the 'shopt' builtin (*note The Shopt Builtin::) may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the 'histverify' shell option is enabled, and Readline is @@ -12139,11 +12149,11 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * bind: Bash Builtins. (line 21) * break: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 37) -* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 117) -* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 126) +* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 119) +* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 128) * cd: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 45) -* command: Bash Builtins. (line 143) +* command: Bash Builtins. (line 145) * compgen: Programmable Completion Builtins. (line 12) * complete: Programmable Completion Builtins. @@ -12152,13 +12162,13 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands (line 248) * continue: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 90) -* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 163) +* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 165) * dirs: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 7) * disown: Job Control Builtins. (line 104) -* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 266) -* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 315) +* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 268) +* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 317) * eval: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 99) * exec: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -12177,26 +12187,26 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands (line 153) * hash: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 197) -* help: Bash Builtins. (line 353) +* help: Bash Builtins. (line 355) * history: Bash History Builtins. (line 46) * jobs: Job Control Builtins. (line 27) * kill: Job Control Builtins. (line 58) -* let: Bash Builtins. (line 372) -* local: Bash Builtins. (line 380) -* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 397) -* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 402) +* let: Bash Builtins. (line 374) +* local: Bash Builtins. (line 382) +* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 399) +* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 404) * popd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 35) -* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 448) +* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 450) * pushd: Directory Stack Builtins. (line 69) * pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 222) -* read: Bash Builtins. (line 516) -* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 619) +* read: Bash Builtins. (line 518) +* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 621) * readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 232) * return: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -12205,7 +12215,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * shift: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 272) * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) -* source: Bash Builtins. (line 628) +* source: Bash Builtins. (line 630) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. (line 116) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -12216,12 +12226,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands (line 393) * true: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 455) -* type: Bash Builtins. (line 633) -* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 671) -* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 677) +* type: Bash Builtins. (line 635) +* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 673) +* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 679) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 460) -* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 783) +* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 785) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 478) * wait: Job Control Builtins. @@ -12899,138 +12909,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top895 -Node: Introduction2813 -Node: What is Bash?3029 -Node: What is a shell?4143 -Node: Definitions6681 -Node: Basic Shell Features9632 -Node: Shell Syntax10851 -Node: Shell Operation11877 -Node: Quoting13170 -Node: Escape Character14474 -Node: Single Quotes14959 -Node: Double Quotes15307 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16585 -Node: Locale Translation17897 -Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19208 -Node: Comments23325 -Node: Shell Commands23943 -Node: Reserved Words24881 -Node: Simple Commands25637 -Node: Pipelines26291 -Node: Lists29277 -Node: Compound Commands31072 -Node: Looping Constructs32084 -Node: Conditional Constructs34579 -Node: Command Grouping49067 -Node: Coprocesses50545 -Node: GNU Parallel53208 -Node: Shell Functions54125 -Node: Shell Parameters62010 -Node: Positional Parameters66398 -Node: Special Parameters67300 -Node: Shell Expansions70514 -Node: Brace Expansion72602 -Node: Tilde Expansion75336 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77957 -Node: Command Substitution96550 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion100014 -Node: Process Substitution100982 -Node: Word Splitting102102 -Node: Filename Expansion104150 -Node: Pattern Matching107083 -Node: Quote Removal112085 -Node: Redirections112380 -Node: Executing Commands122074 -Node: Simple Command Expansion122744 -Node: Command Search and Execution124854 -Node: Command Execution Environment127241 -Node: Environment130276 -Node: Exit Status131939 -Node: Signals133723 -Node: Shell Scripts137172 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands140199 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins142237 -Node: Bash Builtins165629 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior198681 -Node: The Set Builtin199026 -Node: The Shopt Builtin210000 -Node: Special Builtins226195 -Node: Shell Variables227187 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables227624 -Node: Bash Variables229728 -Node: Bash Features264797 -Node: Invoking Bash265810 -Node: Bash Startup Files271944 -Node: Interactive Shells277075 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?277486 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?278135 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior278950 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions282579 -Node: Shell Arithmetic287492 -Node: Aliases290453 -Node: Arrays293347 -Node: The Directory Stack299981 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins300765 -Node: Controlling the Prompt305025 -Node: The Restricted Shell307990 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode310600 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode327245 -Node: Job Control335493 -Node: Job Control Basics335953 -Node: Job Control Builtins340955 -Node: Job Control Variables346750 -Node: Command Line Editing347906 -Node: Introduction and Notation349577 -Node: Readline Interaction351200 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials352391 -Node: Readline Movement Commands354180 -Node: Readline Killing Commands355140 -Node: Readline Arguments357061 -Node: Searching358105 -Node: Readline Init File360291 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax361552 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs385577 -Node: Sample Init File389773 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands392897 -Node: Commands For Moving394101 -Node: Commands For History396152 -Node: Commands For Text401146 -Node: Commands For Killing405124 -Node: Numeric Arguments407828 -Node: Commands For Completion408967 -Node: Keyboard Macros413158 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands413846 -Node: Readline vi Mode420215 -Node: Programmable Completion421122 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins428902 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example440022 -Node: Using History Interactively445270 -Node: Bash History Facilities445954 -Node: Bash History Builtins448965 -Node: History Interaction454056 -Node: Event Designators457869 -Node: Word Designators459407 -Node: Modifiers461272 -Node: Installing Bash463080 -Node: Basic Installation464217 -Node: Compilers and Options467939 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures468680 -Node: Installation Names470372 -Node: Specifying the System Type472481 -Node: Sharing Defaults473198 -Node: Operation Controls473871 -Node: Optional Features474829 -Node: Reporting Bugs486049 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell487383 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License504241 -Node: Indexes529418 -Node: Builtin Index529872 -Node: Reserved Word Index536973 -Node: Variable Index539421 -Node: Function Index556555 -Node: Concept Index570414 +Node: Top897 +Node: Introduction2817 +Node: What is Bash?3033 +Node: What is a shell?4147 +Node: Definitions6685 +Node: Basic Shell Features9636 +Node: Shell Syntax10855 +Node: Shell Operation11881 +Node: Quoting13174 +Node: Escape Character14478 +Node: Single Quotes14963 +Node: Double Quotes15311 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16589 +Node: Locale Translation17901 +Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19212 +Node: Comments23329 +Node: Shell Commands23947 +Node: Reserved Words24885 +Node: Simple Commands25641 +Node: Pipelines26295 +Node: Lists29281 +Node: Compound Commands31076 +Node: Looping Constructs32088 +Node: Conditional Constructs34583 +Node: Command Grouping49071 +Node: Coprocesses50549 +Node: GNU Parallel53212 +Node: Shell Functions54129 +Node: Shell Parameters62014 +Node: Positional Parameters66402 +Node: Special Parameters67304 +Node: Shell Expansions70518 +Node: Brace Expansion72606 +Node: Tilde Expansion75340 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77961 +Node: Command Substitution96554 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion100018 +Node: Process Substitution100986 +Node: Word Splitting102106 +Node: Filename Expansion104154 +Node: Pattern Matching107087 +Node: Quote Removal112089 +Node: Redirections112384 +Node: Executing Commands122078 +Node: Simple Command Expansion122748 +Node: Command Search and Execution124858 +Node: Command Execution Environment127245 +Node: Environment130280 +Node: Exit Status131943 +Node: Signals133727 +Node: Shell Scripts137176 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands140203 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins142241 +Node: Bash Builtins165633 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior198853 +Node: The Set Builtin199198 +Node: The Shopt Builtin210172 +Node: Special Builtins226367 +Node: Shell Variables227359 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables227796 +Node: Bash Variables229900 +Node: Bash Features264969 +Node: Invoking Bash265982 +Node: Bash Startup Files272116 +Node: Interactive Shells277247 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?277658 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?278307 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior279122 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions282751 +Node: Shell Arithmetic287664 +Node: Aliases290625 +Node: Arrays293519 +Node: The Directory Stack300153 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins300937 +Node: Controlling the Prompt305197 +Node: The Restricted Shell308162 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode310772 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode327417 +Node: Job Control335665 +Node: Job Control Basics336125 +Node: Job Control Builtins341127 +Node: Job Control Variables346922 +Node: Command Line Editing348078 +Node: Introduction and Notation349749 +Node: Readline Interaction351372 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials352563 +Node: Readline Movement Commands354352 +Node: Readline Killing Commands355312 +Node: Readline Arguments357233 +Node: Searching358277 +Node: Readline Init File360463 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax361724 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs385749 +Node: Sample Init File389945 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands393069 +Node: Commands For Moving394273 +Node: Commands For History396324 +Node: Commands For Text401318 +Node: Commands For Killing405296 +Node: Numeric Arguments408000 +Node: Commands For Completion409139 +Node: Keyboard Macros413330 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands414018 +Node: Readline vi Mode420387 +Node: Programmable Completion421294 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins429074 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example440194 +Node: Using History Interactively445442 +Node: Bash History Facilities446126 +Node: Bash History Builtins449137 +Node: History Interaction454228 +Node: Event Designators458480 +Node: Word Designators460018 +Node: Modifiers461883 +Node: Installing Bash463691 +Node: Basic Installation464828 +Node: Compilers and Options468550 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures469291 +Node: Installation Names470983 +Node: Specifying the System Type473092 +Node: Sharing Defaults473809 +Node: Operation Controls474482 +Node: Optional Features475440 +Node: Reporting Bugs486660 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell487994 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License504852 +Node: Indexes530029 +Node: Builtin Index530483 +Node: Reserved Word Index537584 +Node: Variable Index540032 +Node: Function Index557166 +Node: Concept Index571025  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log index 265a18a07..48f67f552 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.log +++ b/doc/bashref.log @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021/MacPorts 2021.58693_0) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2021.8.30) 30 NOV 2023 08:24 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021/MacPorts 2021.58693_0) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2021.8.30) 14 DEC 2023 16:39 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. file:line:error style messages enabled. %&-line parsing enabled. -**\input /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231124/doc/bashref.texi \input /usr/local/s -rc/bash/bash-20231124/doc/bashref.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231124/doc/bashref.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231124/doc/texinfo.tex +**\input /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231212/doc/bashref.texi \input /usr/local/s +rc/bash/bash-20231212/doc/bashref.texi +(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231212/doc/bashref.texi +(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231212/doc/texinfo.tex Loading texinfo [version 2015-11-22.14]: \outerhsize=\dimen16 \outervsize=\dimen17 @@ -162,15 +162,15 @@ This is `epsf.tex' v2.7.4 <14 February 2011> texinfo.tex: doing @include of version.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231124/doc/version.texi) [1{/opt/local/var/db/texmf +(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231212/doc/version.texi) [1{/opt/local/var/db/texmf /fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] [2] -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20231124/doc/bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20231124/doc/bashref.toc) -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20231124/doc/bashref.toc) Chapter 1 +(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20231212/doc/bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] +(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20231212/doc/bashref.toc) +(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20231212/doc/bashref.toc) Chapter 1 \openout0 = `bashref.toc'. -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20231124/doc/bashref.aux) +(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20231212/doc/bashref.aux) \openout1 = `bashref.aux'. Chapter 2 [1] [2] @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (5.95723pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 724--725 [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] -Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5414--5414 +Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5420--5420 []@texttt set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o @textttsl option-name@texttt ] [--] [ -] [@textttsl ar-gu-ment []@texttt ][] @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5414--5414 .etc. -Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5415--5415 +Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5421--5421 []@texttt set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o @textttsl option-name@texttt ] [--] [ -] [@textttsl ar-gu-ment []@texttt ][] @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5415--5415 [119] [120] texinfo.tex: doing @include of rluser.texi - (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231124/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi + (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231212/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132] Underfull \hbox (badness 7540) in paragraph at lines 878--884 @@ -312,10 +312,10 @@ gnored[] texinfo.tex: doing @include of hsuser.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231124/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9 +(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231212/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9 [158] [159] [160] [161] [162] [163]) Chapter 10 [164] [165] [166] [167] [168] -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9766--9775 +Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9776--9785 []@textrm All of the fol-low-ing op-tions ex-cept for `@texttt alt-array-implem entation[]@textrm '[], @@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ entation[]@textrm '[], .etc. -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9766--9775 +Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9776--9785 @textrm `@texttt disabled-builtins[]@textrm '[], `@texttt direxpand-default[]@t extrm '[], `@texttt strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[], and @@ -344,13 +344,13 @@ extrm '[], `@texttt strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[], and [178] [179] Appendix C [180] texinfo.tex: doing @include of fdl.texi - (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231124/doc/fdl.texi + (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20231212/doc/fdl.texi [181] [182] [183] [184] [185] [186] [187]) Appendix D [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] [196] [197] ) Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: 4104 strings out of 497086 47614 string characters out of 6206517 - 141907 words of memory out of 5000000 + 141909 words of memory out of 5000000 4869 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 34315 words of font info for 116 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 51 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 @@ -372,10 +372,10 @@ texlive/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmtt12.pfb> -Output written on bashref.pdf (203 pages, 815459 bytes). +Output written on bashref.pdf (203 pages, 816032 bytes). PDF statistics: - 2829 PDF objects out of 2984 (max. 8388607) - 2579 compressed objects within 26 object streams + 2830 PDF objects out of 2984 (max. 8388607) + 2580 compressed objects within 26 object streams 331 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) 1157 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) diff --git a/doc/bashref.pdf b/doc/bashref.pdf index 5d250f237..62d319404 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.pdf and b/doc/bashref.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index 9bb039ecd..463923f3e 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -4531,23 +4531,28 @@ synonym); @code{emacs} is equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}. List the names of all Readline functions. @item -p -Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way that they -can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file. +Display Readline function names and bindings +in such a way that they can be used as +an argument to a subsequent @code{bind} command +or in a Readline initialization file. @item -P List current Readline function names and bindings. @item -v -Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that they -can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file. +Display Readline variable names and values +in such a way that they can be used as +an argument to a subsequent @code{bind} command +or in a Readline initialization file. @item -V List current Readline variable names and values. @item -s Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output -in such a way that they can be used as input or in a Readline -initialization file. +in such a way that they can be used as +an argument to a subsequent @code{bind} command +or in a Readline initialization file. @item -S Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. @@ -4590,7 +4595,8 @@ reflected in the editing state. @item -X List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands -in a format that can be reused as input. +in a format that can be reused as +an argument to a subsequent @code{bind} command. @end table @noindent @@ -6689,13 +6695,17 @@ Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick substitution, and tokenization (@pxref{History Interaction}). The first character is the @dfn{history expansion} character, that is, the character which signifies the -start of a history expansion, normally @samp{!}. The second character is the -character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first -character on a line, normally @samp{^}. The optional third character is the +start of a history expansion, normally @samp{!}. +The second character is the +character which signifies "quick substitution" when seen as the first +character on a line, normally @samp{^}. +The optional third character is the character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when -found as the first character of a word, usually @samp{#}. The history +found as the first character of a word, usually @samp{#}. +The history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the -remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell +remaining words on the line. +It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. @item HISTCMD diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index 95c5c207b..cecc569e0 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Mon Nov 6 10:19:14 EST 2023 +@set LASTCHANGE Thu Dec 14 11:05:10 EST 2023 @set EDITION 5.3 @set VERSION 5.3 -@set UPDATED 6 November 2023 -@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2023 +@set UPDATED 14 December 2023 +@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2023 diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c index ae20a4cb4..f13114b93 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.c +++ b/execute_cmd.c @@ -4089,6 +4089,17 @@ execute_cond_command (COND_COM *cond_command) } #endif /* COND_COMMAND */ +char * +save_lastarg (void) +{ + char *v; + + v = get_string_value ("_"); + if (v) + v = savestring (v); + return v; +} + void bind_lastarg (char *arg) { diff --git a/execute_cmd.h b/execute_cmd.h index 97a70509e..44c60ba8a 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.h +++ b/execute_cmd.h @@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ extern void uw_restore_funcarray_state (void *); extern void uw_maybe_restore_getopt_state (void *); extern void uw_lastpipe_cleanup (void *); +extern char *save_lastarg (void); extern void bind_lastarg (char *); extern void uw_dispose_fd_bitmap (void *); diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/history.3 b/lib/readline/doc/history.3 index 63a40049d..76e102535 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/history.3 +++ b/lib/readline/doc/history.3 @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Thu Jan 19 17:20:59 EST 2023 +.\" Last Change: Thu Dec 14 15:42:44 EST 2023 .\" -.TH HISTORY 3 "2023 January 19" "GNU History 8.2" +.TH HISTORY 3 "2023 December 14" "GNU History 8.3" .\" .\" File Name macro. This used to be `.PN', for Path Name, .\" but Sun doesn't seem to like that very much. @@ -74,10 +74,21 @@ does when reading input, so that several words that would otherwise be separated are considered one word when surrounded by quotes (see the description of \fBhistory_tokenize()\fP below). +.PP History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expansion character, which is \^\fB!\fP\^ by default. Only backslash (\^\fB\e\fP\^) and single quotes can quote the history expansion character. +.PP +There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the +\fIquick substitution\fP character (default \fB\(ha\fP) +is the first character on the line. +It selects the previous history list entry, using an event designator +equivalent to \fB!!\fP, +and substitutes one string for another in that line. +It is described below under \fBEvent Designators\fP. +This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the history +expansion character. .SS Event Designators An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi b/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi index 386d6c52a..dab64a09e 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi @@ -316,6 +316,16 @@ also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. @end ifset +There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the +@var{quick substitution} character (default @samp{^}) +is the first character on the line. +It selects the previous history list entry, using an event designator +equivalent to @code{!!}, +and substitutes one string for another in that line. +It is described below (@pxref{Event Designators}). +This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the history +expansion character. + @ifset BashFeatures Several shell options settable with the @code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}) may be used to tailor diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi index aa585cde7..57ff52c1f 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @set EDITION 8.3 @set VERSION 8.3 -@set UPDATED 3 November 2023 -@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2023 +@set UPDATED 14 December 2023 +@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2023 -@set LASTCHANGE Fri Nov 3 12:04:26 EDT 2023 +@set LASTCHANGE Thu Dec 14 15:45:46 EST 2023 diff --git a/lib/readline/histexpand.c b/lib/readline/histexpand.c index 425ea7cf1..8a28cbd01 100644 --- a/lib/readline/histexpand.c +++ b/lib/readline/histexpand.c @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ history_expand (const char *hstring, char **output) /* The quick substitution character is a history expansion all right. That is to say, "^this^that^" is equivalent to "!!:s^this^that^", and in fact, that is the substitution that we do. */ - if (hstring[0] == history_subst_char) + if ((history_quoting_state != '\'' || history_quotes_inhibit_expansion == 0) && hstring[0] == history_subst_char) { string = (char *)xmalloc (l + 5); diff --git a/mailcheck.c b/mailcheck.c index 8410811aa..6f632d673 100644 --- a/mailcheck.c +++ b/mailcheck.c @@ -418,9 +418,7 @@ check_mail (void) int i, use_user_notification; char *dollar_underscore, *temp; - dollar_underscore = get_string_value ("_"); - if (dollar_underscore) - dollar_underscore = savestring (dollar_underscore); + dollar_underscore = save_lastarg (); for (i = 0; i < mailfiles_count; i++) { @@ -481,7 +479,7 @@ check_mail (void) if (dollar_underscore) { - bind_variable ("_", dollar_underscore, 0); + bind_lastarg (dollar_underscore); free (dollar_underscore); } else diff --git a/parse.y b/parse.y index e1e64f5c2..b92eb5807 100644 --- a/parse.y +++ b/parse.y @@ -2931,9 +2931,7 @@ execute_variable_command (const char *command, const char *vname) sh_parser_state_t ps; save_parser_state (&ps); - last_lastarg = get_string_value ("_"); - if (last_lastarg) - last_lastarg = savestring (last_lastarg); + last_lastarg = save_lastarg (); parse_and_execute (savestring (command), vname, SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_NOOPTIMIZE); @@ -6126,7 +6124,7 @@ char * decode_prompt_string (char *string) { WORD_LIST *list; - char *result, *t, *orig_string; + char *result, *t, *orig_string, *last_lastarg; struct dstack save_dstack; int last_exit_value, last_comsub_pid, last_comsub_status; #if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE) @@ -6535,10 +6533,13 @@ not_escape: last_exit_value = last_command_exit_value; last_comsub_pid = last_command_subst_pid; last_comsub_status = last_command_subst_status; + last_lastarg = save_lastarg (); list = expand_prompt_string (result, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0); free (result); result = string_list (list); dispose_words (list); + bind_lastarg (last_lastarg); + free (last_lastarg); last_command_exit_value = last_exit_value; last_command_subst_pid = last_comsub_pid; last_command_subst_status = last_comsub_status; diff --git a/tests/intl.right b/tests/intl.right index a20a2aa08..7e25d29f8 100644 --- a/tests/intl.right +++ b/tests/intl.right @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ aéb bytematch 0000000 254 012 0000002 -Passed all 1774 Unicode tests +Passed all 1770 Unicode tests 0000000 303 277 012 0000003 0000000 303 277 012 diff --git a/tests/unicode1.sub b/tests/unicode1.sub index d9127ff84..efd704df7 100644 --- a/tests/unicode1.sub +++ b/tests/unicode1.sub @@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ zh_TW_BIG5=( [0x03A8]=$'\243Z' [0x03A9]=$'\243[' [0x03B1]=$'\243\\' [0x03B2]=$'\243]' [0x03B3]=$'\243^' [0x03B4]=$'\243_' [0x03B5]=$'\243`' [0x03B6]=$'\243a' # and some invalid ones that output \u0XX - [0x00fb]='\u00FB' [0x00fc]='\u00FC' [0x00fd]='\u00FD' [0x00fe]='\u00FE' +# can't use these any more; macos 14 (sonoma) broke libiconv +# [0x00fb]='\u00FB' [0x00fc]='\u00FC' [0x00fd]='\u00FD' [0x00fe]='\u00FE' ) TestCodePage zh_TW.BIG5 zh_TW_BIG5