From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Date: Thu, 3 Jan 2008 21:35:49 +0000 (+0000)
Subject: Update release notes for security releases.
X-Git-Tag: REL8_1_11~1
X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=bf4d342f8ea79699d5fa87eea50cfb042f2be2ae;p=thirdparty%2Fpostgresql.git

Update release notes for security releases.

Security: CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067, CVE-2007-6600, CVE-2007-6601
---

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
index dfe748b0fa0..a713005e156 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.400.2.47 2007/09/16 03:03:27 tgl Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.400.2.48 2008/01/03 21:35:49 tgl Exp $ -->
 <!--
 
 Typical markup:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ non-ASCII characters            convert to HTML4 entity (&) escapes
 wrap long lines
 
 For new features, add links to the documentation sections.  Use </link>
-so that perl can remove it so HISTORY.html can be created with no
+so that Perl can remove it so HISTORY.html can be created with no
 links to the main documentation.  This was added only in 8.2, so don't
 do it for earlier branch release files.
 
@@ -35,986 +35,1236 @@ do it for earlier branch release files.
 <appendix id="release">
  <title>Release Notes</title>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-10">
-   <title>Release 8.1.10</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-11">
+  <title>Release 8.1.11</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.9.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.10</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Allow the <type>interval</> data type to accept input consisting only of
-       milliseconds or microseconds (Neil)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Speed up rtree index insertion (Teodor)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
-       the syslogger process (Andrew)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Prevent <command>REINDEX</> and <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
-       due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Windows socket improvements (Magnus)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
-       because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-    </itemizedlist>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.10,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-9">
-   <title>Release 8.1.9</title>
+  <para>
+   This is the last 8.1.X release for which the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
+   community will produce binary packages for <productname>Windows</>.
+   Windows users are encouraged to move to 8.2.X or later,
+   since there are Windows-specific fixes in 8.2.X that
+   are impractical to back-port.  8.1.X will continue to
+   be supported on other platforms.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.11</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.8,
-    including a security fix.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.9</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
      </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+      Repair assorted bugs in the regular-expression package (Tom, Will Drewry)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+      Suitably crafted regular-expression patterns could cause crashes,
+      infinite or near-infinite looping, and/or massive memory consumption,
+      all of which pose denial-of-service hazards for applications that
+      accept regex search patterns from untrustworthy sources.
+      (CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Require <command>COMMIT PREPARED</> to be executed in the same
-      database as the transaction was prepared in (Heikki)
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+      The fix that appeared for this in 8.1.10 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Planner fixes, including improving outer join and bitmap scan
-      selection logic (Tom)
+      Update time zone data files to <application>tzdata</> release 2007k
+      (in particular, recent Argentina changes) (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 8.1.6)
+      Improve planner's handling of LIKE/regex estimation in non-C locales
       (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
+      Fix planner failure in some cases of <literal>WHERE false AND var IN
+      (SELECT ...)</> (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-8">
-   <title>Release 8.1.8</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains one fix from 8.1.7.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.8</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
-      functional indexes(Tom)
+      Preserve the tablespace of indexes that are
+      rebuilt by <command>ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-7">
-   <title>Release 8.1.7</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make archive recovery always start a new WAL timeline, rather than only
+      when a recovery stop time was used (Simon)
+     </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <para>
+      This avoids a corner-case risk of trying to overwrite an existing
+      archived copy of the last WAL segment, and seems simpler and cleaner
+      than the original definition.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.6, including
-    a security fix.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>VACUUM</> not use all of <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>
+      when the table is too small for it to be useful (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.7</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix overflow in <literal>extract(epoch from interval)</> for intervals
+      exceeding 68 years (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Perl to not fail when a UTF-8 regular expression is used
+      in a trusted function (Andrew)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Perl to cope when platform's Perl defines type <literal>bool</>
+      as <literal>int</> rather than <literal>char</> (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <para>
+      While this could theoretically happen anywhere, no standard build of
+      Perl did things this way ... until <productname>Mac OS X</> 10.5.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
+      Fix PL/Python to not crash on long exception messages (Alvaro)
      </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
-      function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
-      data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
-      errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
+      Fix <application>pg_dump</> to correctly handle inheritance child tables
+      that have default expressions different from their parent's (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+      Fix <application>libpq</> crash when <varname>PGPASSFILE</> refers
+      to a file that is not a plain file (Martin Pitt)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Improve <command>VACUUM</> performance for databases with many tables (Tom)
+      <application>ecpg</> parser fixes (Michael)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix autovacuum to avoid leaving non-permanent transaction IDs in
-      non-connectable databases (Alvaro)
+      Make <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</> defend against
+      <application>OpenSSL</> libraries that fail on keys longer than 128
+      bits; which is the case at least on some Solaris versions (Marko Kreen)
      </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      This bug affects the 8.1 branch only.
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+      Fix <type>tsvector</> and <type>tsquery</> output routines to
+      escape backslashes correctly (Teodor, Bruce)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
+      Fix crash of <function>to_tsvector()</> on huge input strings (Teodor)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix bogus <quote>permission denied</> failures occurring on Windows
-      due to attempts to fsync already-deleted files (Magnus, Tom)
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix possible crashes when an already-in-use PL/pgSQL function is
-      updated (Tom)
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-6">
-   <title>Release 8.1.6</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-10">
+  <title>Release 8.1.10</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.9.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.10</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.5.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.6</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
-      </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Allow the <type>interval</> data type to accept input consisting only of
+      milliseconds or microseconds (Neil)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <para>
-       This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
-       among other things.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Speed up rtree index insertion (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix <application>pg_restore</> to handle a tar-format backup
-       that contains large objects (blobs) with comments (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
-        <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
+      the syslogger process (Andrew)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clean out <filename>pg_internal.init</> cache files during server
-        restart (Simon)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This avoids a hazard that the cache files might contain stale
-        data after PITR recovery.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
-        gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent <command>REINDEX</> and <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
+      due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bug causing needless deadlock errors on row-level locks (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Windows socket improvements (Magnus)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix possible deadlock in Windows signal handling (Teodor)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
+      because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
-       empty elements (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix ecpg memory leak during connection (Michael)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix for Darwin (OS X) compilation (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
-       are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
-       new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
-      </para>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-9">
+  <title>Release 8.1.9</title>
 
-      <para>
-       This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
-       change the output of these functions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
-      </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.8,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-      <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.9</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Update timezone database
-      </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-      <para>
-       This affects Australian and Canadian daylight-savings rules in
-       particular.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-5">
-   <title>Release 8.1.5</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+     <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+     and operators (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+     truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+     an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+     with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+     See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.4.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Require <command>COMMIT PREPARED</> to be executed in the same
+     database as the transaction was prepared in (Heikki)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.5</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+     <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+     Planner fixes, including improving outer join and bitmap scan
+     selection logic (Tom)
     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 8.1.6)
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Disallow aggregate functions in <command>UPDATE</>
-commands, except within sub-SELECTs (Tom)</para>
-<para>The behavior of such an aggregate was unpredictable, and in 8.1.X
-could cause a crash, so it has been disabled.  The SQL standard does not allow
-this either.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
-ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix core dump in duration logging for extended query protocol
-when a <command>COMMIT</> or <command>ROLLBACK</> is
-executed</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix mishandling of AFTER triggers when query contains a SQL
-function returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER TABLE ... TYPE</> to recheck
-<literal>NOT NULL</> for <literal>USING</> clause (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
-  matches for the separator string</para>
-<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>to_timestamp()</> for
-<literal>AM</>/<literal>PM</> formats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix autovacuum's calculation that decides whether
-  <command>ANALYZE</> is needed (Alvaro)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
-  <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
-  (Teodor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Numerous robustness fixes in <application>ecpg</> (Joachim
-Wieland)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Minor fixes in /contrib/dblink and /contrib/tsearch2</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Efficiency improvements in hash tables and bitmap index scans
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix instability of statistics collection on Windows (Tom, Andrew)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <varname>statement_timeout</> to use the proper
-units on Win32 (Bruce)</para>
-<para>In previous Win32 8.1.X versions, the delay was off by a factor of
-100.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for <acronym>MSVC</> and <productname>Borland C++</>
-compilers (Hiroshi Saito)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> and
-<productname>Intel</> compilers (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix rare bug in continuous archiving (Tom)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-4">
-   <title>Release 8.1.4</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-8">
+  <title>Release 8.1.8</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains one fix from 8.1.7.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.8</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.3,
-    including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.4</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
+   <itemizedlist>
+
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
-     CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
-     code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
-     into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
-     ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
-     most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
-     libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
-     <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
-     rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+     Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
+     functional indexes(Tom)
     </para>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
-characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
-<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
-some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
-textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
-defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
-</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
-<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
-described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
-<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
-literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
-<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
-GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
-A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
-adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
-CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
-<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
-clients are insecure.
-</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
-aware of encoding considerations and
-<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
-<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
-issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
-them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
-Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
-concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
-<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
-for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
-do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
-routines instead.
-</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-7">
+  <title>Release 8.1.7</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix weak key selection in pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para>
-<para>Errors in fortuna PRNG reseeding logic could cause a predictable
-session key to be selected by <function>pgp_sym_encrypt()</> in some cases.
-This only affects non-OpenSSL-using builds.
-</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
-<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>win866_to_iso</>,
-<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
-<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
-extents.
-</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.6, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
-(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.7</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Make autovacuum visible in <structname>pg_stat_activity</>
-(Alvaro)</para></listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Disable <literal>full_page_writes</> (Tom)</para>
-<para>In certain cases, having <literal>full_page_writes</> off would cause
-crash recovery to fail.  A proper fix will appear in 8.2; for now it's just
-disabled.
-</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-<listitem><para>Various planner fixes, particularly for bitmap index scans and
-MIN/MAX optimization (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix incorrect optimization in merge join (Tom)</para>
-<para>Outer joins could sometimes emit multiple copies of unmatched rows.
-</para></listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix crash from using and modifying a plpgsql function in the
-same transaction</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
+     to read backend memory (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
+     function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
+     data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
+     errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+     principle might be used to read database content that the user
+     should not be able to access.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a B-Tree index has been
-truncated</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+     due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
-<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve <command>VACUUM</> performance for databases with many tables (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>SELECT INTO</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> to
-create tables in the default tablespace, not the base directory (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix autovacuum to avoid leaving non-permanent transaction IDs in
+     non-connectable databases (Alvaro)
+    </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
-Fuhr)</para></listitem>
+    <para>
+     This bug affects the 8.1 branch only.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Improve qsort performance (Dann Corbit)</para>
-<para>Currently this code is only used on Solaris.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for OS/X Bonjour on x86 systems (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+     over three bytes long (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix bogus <quote>permission denied</> failures occurring on Windows
+     due to attempts to fsync already-deleted files (Magnus, Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with password prompting on some Win32 systems
-(Robert Kinberg)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix possible crashes when an already-in-use PL/pgSQL function is
+     updated (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Improve <application>pg_dump</>'s handling of default values
-for domains</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dumpall</> to handle identically-named
-users and groups reasonably (only possible when dumping from a pre-8.1 server)
-(Tom)</para>
-<para>The user and group will be merged into a single role with
-<literal>LOGIN</> permission.  Formerly the merged role wouldn't have
-<literal>LOGIN</> permission, making it unusable as a user.
-</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_restore</> <literal>-n</> to work as
-documented (Tom)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-6">
+  <title>Release 8.1.6</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-3">
-   <title>Release 8.1.3</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.5.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.6</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.2,
-    including one very serious security issue.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.3</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug that allowed any logged-in user to <command>SET
-ROLE</> to any other database user id (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
-<para>Due to inadequate validity checking, a user could exploit the special
-case that <command>SET ROLE</> normally uses to restore the previous role
-setting after an error.  This allowed ordinary users to acquire superuser
-status, for example.
-The escalation-of-privilege risk exists only in 8.1.0-8.1.2.
-However, in all releases back to 7.3 there is a related bug in <command>SET
-SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> that allows unprivileged users to crash the server,
-if it has been compiled with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
-Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
-rows (Tom)</para>
-<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
-could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
-created in 8.0.4, 7.4.9, and 7.3.11 releases.
-</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
+      among other things.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
-exists</> errors during pg_clog and pg_subtrans file creation
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <application>pg_restore</> to handle a tar-format backup
+      that contains large objects (blobs) with comments (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix cases that could lead to crashes if a cache-invalidation
-message arrives at just the wrong time (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
+       <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
-<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Clean out <filename>pg_internal.init</> cache files during server
+       restart (Simon)
+      </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Ensure <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> will process
-<literal>FOREIGN KEY</>, <literal>UNIQUE</>, and <literal>PRIMARY KEY</>
-constraints in the proper order (Nakano Yoshihisa)</para></listitem>
+      <para>
+       This avoids a hazard that the cache files might contain stale
+       data after PITR recovery.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fixes to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
-references to custom operators or operator classes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
+       gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_restore</> to continue properly after a
-<command>COPY</> failure; formerly it tried to treat the remaining
-<command>COPY</> data as SQL commands (Stephen Frost)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix bug causing needless deadlock errors on row-level locks (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_ctl</> <literal>unregister</> crash
-when the  data directory is not specified (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>libpq</> <function>PQprint</> HTML tags
-(Christoph Zwerschke)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix possible deadlock in Windows signal handling (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>ecpg</> crash on AMD64 and PPC
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
+      empty elements (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow <literal>SETOF</> and <literal>%TYPE</> to be used
-together in function result type declarations</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix ecpg memory leak during connection (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Recover properly if error occurs during argument passing
-in <application>PL/python</> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix for Darwin (OS X) compilation (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix memory leak in <function>plperl_return_next</>
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
+      are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
+      new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>PL/perl</>'s handling of locales on
-Win32 to match the backend (Andrew)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
+      change the output of these functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Various optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>Fix crash when <literal>log_min_messages</> is set to
-<literal>DEBUG3</> or above in <filename>postgresql.conf</> on Win32
-(Bruce)</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pgxs</> <literal>-L</> library path
-specification for Win32, Cygwin, OS X, AIX (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Check that SID is enabled while checking for Win32 admin
-privileges (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly reject out-of-range date inputs (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update timezone database
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
-and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This affects Australian and Canadian daylight-savings rules in
+      particular.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Improve speed of <command>COPY IN</> via libpq, by
-avoiding a kernel call per data line (Alon Goldshuv)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Improve speed of <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> index
-creation (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-5">
+  <title>Release 8.1.5</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-2">
-   <title>Release 8.1.2</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.4.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.5</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.1.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.2</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
-     columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
-     <application>plperl</> issues described below.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Disallow aggregate functions in <command>UPDATE</>
+commands, except within sub-SELECTs (Tom)</para>
+<para>The behavior of such an aggregate was unpredictable, and in 8.1.X
+could cause a crash, so it has been disabled.  The SQL standard does not allow
+this either.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
+ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix core dump in duration logging for extended query protocol
+when a <command>COMMIT</> or <command>ROLLBACK</> is
+executed</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix mishandling of AFTER triggers when query contains a SQL
+function returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER TABLE ... TYPE</> to recheck
+<literal>NOT NULL</> for <literal>USING</> clause (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
+ matches for the separator string</para>
+<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>to_timestamp()</> for
+<literal>AM</>/<literal>PM</> formats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix autovacuum's calculation that decides whether
+ <command>ANALYZE</> is needed (Alvaro)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
+ <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
+ (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Numerous robustness fixes in <application>ecpg</> (Joachim
+Wieland)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Minor fixes in /contrib/dblink and /contrib/tsearch2</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Efficiency improvements in hash tables and bitmap index scans
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix instability of statistics collection on Windows (Tom, Andrew)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <varname>statement_timeout</> to use the proper
+units on Win32 (Bruce)</para>
+<para>In previous Win32 8.1.X versions, the delay was off by a factor of
+100.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for <acronym>MSVC</> and <productname>Borland C++</>
+compilers (Hiroshi Saito)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> and
+<productname>Intel</> compilers (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix rare bug in continuous archiving (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix Windows code so that postmaster will continue rather
-than exit if there is no more room in ShmemBackendArray (Magnus)</para>
-<para>The previous behavior could lead to a denial-of-service situation if too
-many connection requests arrive close together.  This applies
-<emphasis>only</> to the Windows port.</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug introduced in 8.0 that could allow ReadBuffer
-to return an already-used page as new, potentially causing loss of
-recently-committed data (Tom)</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-4">
+  <title>Release 8.1.4</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
-outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
-different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
-<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns.</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.3,
+   including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
-to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
-<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
-started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
-<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
-<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
-<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.4</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow more flexible relocation of installation
-directories (Tom)</para>
-<para>Previous releases supported relocation only if all installation
-directory paths were the same except for the last component.</para></listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by the use of
-<literal>ISO-8859-5</> and <literal>ISO-8859-9</> encodings
-(Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
+   <para>
+    Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
+    CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
+    code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
+    into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
+    ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
+    most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
+    libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
+    <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
+    rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
-handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
+characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
+<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
+some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
+textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
+defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
 </para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug where COPY CSV mode considered any
-<literal>\.</> to terminate the copy data</para> <para>The new code
-requires <literal>\.</> to appear alone on a line, as per
-documentation.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
+<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
+described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
+<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
+literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
+<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
+GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
+A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
+adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
+CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
+<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
+clients are insecure.
+</para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Make COPY CSV mode quote a literal data value of
-<literal>\.</> to ensure it cannot be interpreted as the
-end-of-data marker (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
+aware of encoding considerations and
+<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
+<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
+issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
+them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
+Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
+concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
+<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
+for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
+do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
+routines instead.
+</para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Various fixes for functions returning <literal>RECORD</>s
-(Tom) </para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix weak key selection in pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para>
+<para>Errors in fortuna PRNG reseeding logic could cause a predictable
+session key to be selected by <function>pgp_sym_encrypt()</> in some cases.
+This only affects non-OpenSSL-using builds.
+</para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix processing of <filename>postgresql.conf</> so a
-final line with no newline is processed properly (Tom)
+<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
+<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>win866_to_iso</>,
+<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
+<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
+extents.
 </para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
-which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
-XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
-<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
+(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix autovacuum crash when processing expression indexes
+<listitem><para>Make autovacuum visible in <structname>pg_stat_activity</>
+(Alvaro)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Disable <literal>full_page_writes</> (Tom)</para>
+<para>In certain cases, having <literal>full_page_writes</> off would cause
+crash recovery to fail.  A proper fix will appear in 8.2; for now it's just
+disabled.
 </para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
-rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
-what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various planner fixes, particularly for bitmap index scans and
+MIN/MAX optimization (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix incorrect optimization in merge join (Tom)</para>
+<para>Outer joins could sometimes emit multiple copies of unmatched rows.
+</para></listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+<listitem><para>Fix crash from using and modifying a plpgsql function in the
+same transaction</para></listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-1">
-   <title>Release 8.1.1</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a B-Tree index has been
+truncated</para></listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
-   </note>
+<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
+<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.0.
-   </para>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>SELECT INTO</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> to
+create tables in the default tablespace, not the base directory (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.1</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
+Fuhr)</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+<listitem><para>Improve qsort performance (Dann Corbit)</para>
+<para>Currently this code is only used on Solaris.
+</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix for OS/X Bonjour on x86 systems (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix incorrect optimizations of outer-join conditions
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with wrong reported column names in cases
-involving sub-selects flattened by the optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with password prompting on some Win32 systems
+(Robert Kinberg)</para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix update failures in scenarios involving CHECK constraints,
-toasted columns, <emphasis>and</> indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve <application>pg_dump</>'s handling of default values
+for domains</para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bgwriter problems after recovering from errors
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dumpall</> to handle identically-named
+users and groups reasonably (only possible when dumping from a pre-8.1 server)
 (Tom)</para>
-<para>
+<para>The user and group will be merged into a single role with
+<literal>LOGIN</> permission.  Formerly the merged role wouldn't have
+<literal>LOGIN</> permission, making it unusable as a user.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_restore</> <literal>-n</> to work as
+documented (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-3">
+  <title>Release 8.1.3</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.2,
+   including one very serious security issue.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.3</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug that allowed any logged-in user to <command>SET
+ROLE</> to any other database user id (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
+<para>Due to inadequate validity checking, a user could exploit the special
+case that <command>SET ROLE</> normally uses to restore the previous role
+setting after an error.  This allowed ordinary users to acquire superuser
+status, for example.
+The escalation-of-privilege risk exists only in 8.1.0-8.1.2.
+However, in all releases back to 7.3 there is a related bug in <command>SET
+SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> that allows unprivileged users to crash the server,
+if it has been compiled with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
+Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
+rows (Tom)</para>
+<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
+could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
+created in 8.0.4, 7.4.9, and 7.3.11 releases.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
+exists</> errors during pg_clog and pg_subtrans file creation
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix cases that could lead to crashes if a cache-invalidation
+message arrives at just the wrong time (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
+<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Ensure <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> will process
+<literal>FOREIGN KEY</>, <literal>UNIQUE</>, and <literal>PRIMARY KEY</>
+constraints in the proper order (Nakano Yoshihisa)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fixes to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
+references to custom operators or operator classes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_restore</> to continue properly after a
+<command>COPY</> failure; formerly it tried to treat the remaining
+<command>COPY</> data as SQL commands (Stephen Frost)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_ctl</> <literal>unregister</> crash
+when the  data directory is not specified (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>libpq</> <function>PQprint</> HTML tags
+(Christoph Zwerschke)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>ecpg</> crash on AMD64 and PPC
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Allow <literal>SETOF</> and <literal>%TYPE</> to be used
+together in function result type declarations</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Recover properly if error occurs during argument passing
+in <application>PL/python</> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix memory leak in <function>plperl_return_next</>
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>PL/perl</>'s handling of locales on
+Win32 to match the backend (Andrew)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Various optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix crash when <literal>log_min_messages</> is set to
+<literal>DEBUG3</> or above in <filename>postgresql.conf</> on Win32
+(Bruce)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pgxs</> <literal>-L</> library path
+specification for Win32, Cygwin, OS X, AIX (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Check that SID is enabled while checking for Win32 admin
+privileges (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Properly reject out-of-range date inputs (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
+and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Improve speed of <command>COPY IN</> via libpq, by
+avoiding a kernel call per data line (Alon Goldshuv)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Improve speed of <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> index
+creation (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-2">
+  <title>Release 8.1.2</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.1.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.2</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
+    columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
+    <application>plperl</> issues described below.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix Windows code so that postmaster will continue rather
+than exit if there is no more room in ShmemBackendArray (Magnus)</para>
+<para>The previous behavior could lead to a denial-of-service situation if too
+many connection requests arrive close together.  This applies
+<emphasis>only</> to the Windows port.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug introduced in 8.0 that could allow ReadBuffer
+to return an already-used page as new, potentially causing loss of
+recently-committed data (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
+outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
+different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
+<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
+to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
+<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
+started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
+<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
+<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
+<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Allow more flexible relocation of installation
+directories (Tom)</para>
+<para>Previous releases supported relocation only if all installation
+directory paths were the same except for the last component.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by the use of
+<literal>ISO-8859-5</> and <literal>ISO-8859-9</> encodings
+(Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
+handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug where COPY CSV mode considered any
+<literal>\.</> to terminate the copy data</para> <para>The new code
+requires <literal>\.</> to appear alone on a line, as per
+documentation.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Make COPY CSV mode quote a literal data value of
+<literal>\.</> to ensure it cannot be interpreted as the
+end-of-data marker (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Various fixes for functions returning <literal>RECORD</>s
+(Tom) </para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix processing of <filename>postgresql.conf</> so a
+final line with no newline is processed properly (Tom)
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
+which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
+XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
+<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix autovacuum crash when processing expression indexes
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
+rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
+what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-1">
+  <title>Release 8.1.1</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.0.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.1</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix incorrect optimizations of outer-join conditions
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with wrong reported column names in cases
+involving sub-selects flattened by the optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix update failures in scenarios involving CHECK constraints,
+toasted columns, <emphasis>and</> indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bgwriter problems after recovering from errors
+(Tom)</para>
+<para>
 The background writer was found to leak buffer pins after write errors.
 While not fatal in itself, this might lead to mysterious blockages of
 later VACUUM commands.
@@ -1066,2997 +1316,3211 @@ DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
 <literal>UTF-8</> byte sequences (Paul Lindner)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1">
-   <title>Release 8.1</title>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <note>
-    <title>Release date</title>
-    <simpara>2005-11-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1">
+  <title>Release 8.1</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Overview</title>
+  <note>
+   <title>Release date</title>
+   <simpara>2005-11-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <para>
-     Major changes in this release:
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Overview</title>
 
-    <variablelist>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Improve concurrent access to the shared buffer cache (Tom)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Access to the shared buffer cache was identified as a
-        significant scalability problem, particularly on multi-CPU
-        systems. In this release, the way that locking is done in the
-        buffer manager has been overhauled to reduce lock contention
-        and improve scalability. The buffer manager has also been
-        changed to use a <quote>clock sweep</quote> replacement
-        policy.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Allow index scans to use an intermediate in-memory bitmap (Tom)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, only a single index could be used to do
-        lookups on a table. With this feature, if a query has
-        <command>WHERE tab.col1 = 4 and tab.col2 = 9</>, and there is
-        no multicolumn index on <literal>col1</> and <literal>col2</>,
-        but there is an index on <literal>col1</> and another on
-        <literal>col2</>, it is possible to search both indexes and
-        combine the results in memory, then do heap fetches for only
-        the rows matching both the <literal>col1</> and
-        <literal>col2</> restrictions. This is very useful in
-        environments that have a lot of unstructured queries where it
-        is impossible to create indexes that match all possible access
-        conditions.  Bitmap scans are useful even with a single index,
-        as they reduce the amount of random access needed; a bitmap
-        index scan is efficient for retrieving fairly large fractions
-        of the complete table, whereas plain index scans are not.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Add two-phase commit (Heikki Linnakangas, Alvaro, Tom)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Two-phase commit allows transactions to be "prepared" on several
-        computers, and once all computers have successfully prepared
-        their transactions (none failed), all transactions can be
-        committed. Even if a machine crashes after a prepare, the
-        prepared transaction can be committed after the machine is
-        restarted. New syntax includes <command>PREPARE TRANSACTION</> and
-        <command>COMMIT/ROLLBACK PREPARED</>. A new system view
-        <literal>pg_prepared_xacts</> has also been added.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Create a new role system that replaces users and groups
-       (Stephen Frost)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Roles are a combination of users and groups. Like users, they
-        can have login capability, and like groups, a role can have
-        other roles as members. Roles basically remove the distinction
-        between users and groups. For example, a role can:
-       </para>
-
-       <itemizedlist>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-           Have login capability (optionally)
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Own objects
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Hold access permissions for database objects
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Inherit permissions from other roles it is a member of
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-       </itemizedlist>
-       <para>
-        Once a user logs into a role, she obtains capabilities of
-        the login role plus any inherited roles, and can use
-        <command>SET ROLE</> to switch to other roles she is a member of.
-        This feature is a generalization of the SQL standard's concept of
-        roles.
-        This change also replaces <structname>pg_shadow</> and
-        <structname>pg_group</> by new role-capable catalogs
-        <structname>pg_authid</> and <structname>pg_auth_members</>. The old
-        tables are redefined as read-only views on the new role tables.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Automatically use indexes for <function>MIN()</> and
-       <function>MAX()</> (Tom)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, the only way to use an index for
-        <function>MIN()</> or <function>MAX()</> was to rewrite the
-        query as <command>SELECT col FROM tab ORDER BY col LIMIT 1</>.
-        Index usage now happens automatically.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Move <filename>/contrib/pg_autovacuum</> into the main server
-       (Alvaro)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Integrating autovacuum into the server allows it to be
-        automatically started and stopped in sync with the database
-        server, and allows autovacuum to be configured from
-        <filename>postgresql.conf</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Add shared row level locks using <command>SELECT ... FOR SHARE</>
-       (Alvaro)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        While <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s MVCC locking
-        allows <command>SELECT</> to never be blocked by writers and
-        therefore does not need shared row locks for typical operations,
-        shared locks are useful for applications that require shared row
-        locking.  In particular this reduces the locking requirements
-        imposed by referential integrity checks.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Add dependencies on shared objects, specifically roles
-       (Alvaro)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        This extension of the dependency mechanism prevents roles from
-        being dropped while there are still database objects they own.
-        Formerly it was possible to accidentally <quote>orphan</> objects by
-        deleting their owner.  While this could be recovered from, it
-        was messy and unpleasant.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Improve performance for partitioned tables (Simon)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        The new <varname>constraint_exclusion</varname> configuration
-        parameter avoids lookups on child tables where constraints indicate
-        that no matching rows exist in the child table.
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows for a basic type of table partitioning. If child tables
-        store separate key ranges and this is enforced using appropriate
-        <command>CHECK</> constraints, the optimizer will skip child
-        table accesses when the constraint guarantees no matching rows
-        exist in the child table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-    </variablelist>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is required
-     for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
-    </para>
-
-    <para>
-     The 8.0 release announced that the <function>to_char()</> function
-     for intervals would be removed in 8.1. However, since no better API
-     has been suggested, <function>to_char(interval)</> has been enhanced in
-     8.1 and will remain in the server.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    Major changes in this release:
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     Observe the following incompatibilities:
-    </para>
+   <variablelist>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Improve concurrent access to the shared buffer cache (Tom)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <varname>add_missing_from</> is now false by default (Neil)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       By default, we now generate an error if a table is used in a query
-       without a <literal>FROM</> reference.  The old behavior is still
-       available, but the parameter must be set to 'true' to obtain it.
-      </para>
-
-      <para>
-       It might be necessary to set <varname>add_missing_from</> to true
-       in order to load an existing dump file, if the dump contains any
-       views or rules created using the implicit-<literal>FROM</> syntax.
-       This should be a one-time annoyance, because
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1 will convert
-       such views and rules to standard explicit-<literal>FROM</> syntax.
-       Subsequent dumps will therefore not have the problem.
+       Access to the shared buffer cache was identified as a
+       significant scalability problem, particularly on multi-CPU
+       systems. In this release, the way that locking is done in the
+       buffer manager has been overhauled to reduce lock contention
+       and improve scalability. The buffer manager has also been
+       changed to use a <quote>clock sweep</quote> replacement
+       policy.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Allow index scans to use an intermediate in-memory bitmap (Tom)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Cause input of a zero-length string (<literal>''</literal>) for
-       <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type>/<type>oid</type>
-       to throw an error, rather than treating it as a zero (Neil)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       This change is consistent with the current handling of
-       zero-length strings for integers. The schedule for this change
-       was announced in 8.0.
+       In previous releases, only a single index could be used to do
+       lookups on a table. With this feature, if a query has
+       <command>WHERE tab.col1 = 4 and tab.col2 = 9</>, and there is
+       no multicolumn index on <literal>col1</> and <literal>col2</>,
+       but there is an index on <literal>col1</> and another on
+       <literal>col2</>, it is possible to search both indexes and
+       combine the results in memory, then do heap fetches for only
+       the rows matching both the <literal>col1</> and
+       <literal>col2</> restrictions. This is very useful in
+       environments that have a lot of unstructured queries where it
+       is impossible to create indexes that match all possible access
+       conditions.  Bitmap scans are useful even with a single index,
+       as they reduce the amount of random access needed; a bitmap
+       index scan is efficient for retrieving fairly large fractions
+       of the complete table, whereas plain index scans are not.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Add two-phase commit (Heikki Linnakangas, Alvaro, Tom)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <varname>default_with_oids</> is now false by default (Neil)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       With this option set to false, user-created tables no longer
-       have an OID column unless <command>WITH OIDS</> is specified in
-       <command>CREATE TABLE</>. Though OIDs have existed in all
-       releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, their use is limited
-       because they are only four bytes long and the counter is shared
-       across all installed databases. The preferred way of uniquely
-       identifying rows is via sequences and the <type>SERIAL</> type,
-       which have been supported since <productname>PostgreSQL</> 6.4.
+       Two-phase commit allows transactions to be "prepared" on several
+       computers, and once all computers have successfully prepared
+       their transactions (none failed), all transactions can be
+       committed. Even if a machine crashes after a prepare, the
+       prepared transaction can be committed after the machine is
+       restarted. New syntax includes <command>PREPARE TRANSACTION</> and
+       <command>COMMIT/ROLLBACK PREPARED</>. A new system view
+       <literal>pg_prepared_xacts</> has also been added.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Create a new role system that replaces users and groups
+      (Stephen Frost)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Add <literal>E''</> syntax so eventually ordinary strings can
-       treat backslashes literally (Bruce)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       Currently <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> processes a
-       backslash in a string literal as introducing a special escape sequence,
-       e.g. <literal>\n</> or <literal>\010</>.
-       While this allows easy entry of special values, it is
-       nonstandard and makes porting of applications from other
-       databases more difficult. For this reason, the
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> project is planning to
-       remove the special meaning of backslashes in strings. For
-       backward compatibility and for users who want special backslash
-       processing, a new string syntax has been created. This new string
-       syntax is formed by writing an <literal>E</> immediately preceding the
-       single quote that starts the string, e.g. <literal>E'hi\n'</>. While
-       this release does not change the handling of backslashes in strings, it
-       does add new configuration parameters to help users migrate applications
-       for future releases:
+       Roles are a combination of users and groups. Like users, they
+       can have login capability, and like groups, a role can have
+       other roles as members. Roles basically remove the distinction
+       between users and groups. For example, a role can:
       </para>
+
       <itemizedlist>
 
        <listitem>
         <para>
-         <varname>standard_conforming_strings</> &mdash; does this release
-         treat backslashes literally in ordinary strings?
+          Have login capability (optionally)
         </para>
        </listitem>
 
        <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <varname>escape_string_warning</> &mdash; warn about backslashes in
-        ordinary (non-E) strings
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <para>
+         Own objects
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-      </itemizedlist>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Hold access permissions for database objects
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-      <para>
-       The <varname>standard_conforming_strings</> value is read-only.
-       Applications can retrieve the value to know how backslashes are
-       processed.  (Presence of the parameter can also be taken as an
-       indication that <literal>E''</> string syntax is supported.)
-       In a future release, <varname>standard_conforming_strings</>
-       will be true, meaning backslashes will be treated literally in
-       non-E strings. To prepare for this change, use <literal>E''</>
-       strings in places that need special backslash processing, and
-       turn on <varname>escape_string_warning</> to find additional
-       strings that need to be converted to use <literal>E''</>.
-       Also, use two single-quotes (<literal>''</>) to embed a literal
-       single-quote in a string, rather than the
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>-supported syntax of
-       backslash single-quote (<literal>\'</>).  The former is
-       standards-conforming and does not require the use of the
-       <literal>E''</> string syntax.  You can also use the
-       <literal>$$</> string syntax, which does not treat backslashes
-       specially.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Inherit permissions from other roles it is a member of
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Make <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> reindex all indexes in the
-       database (Tom)
-      </para>
+      </itemizedlist>
       <para>
-       Formerly, <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> reindexed only
-       system tables. This new behavior seems more intuitive. A new
-       command <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</> provides the old functionality
-       of reindexing just the system tables.
+       Once a user logs into a role, she obtains capabilities of
+       the login role plus any inherited roles, and can use
+       <command>SET ROLE</> to switch to other roles she is a member of.
+       This feature is a generalization of the SQL standard's concept of
+       roles.
+       This change also replaces <structname>pg_shadow</> and
+       <structname>pg_group</> by new role-capable catalogs
+       <structname>pg_authid</> and <structname>pg_auth_members</>. The old
+       tables are redefined as read-only views on the new role tables.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Read-only large object descriptors now obey MVCC snapshot semantics
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       When a large object is opened with <literal>INV_READ</> (and not
-       <literal>INV_WRITE</>), the data read from the descriptor will now
-       reflect a <quote>snapshot</> of the large object's state at the
-       time of the transaction snapshot in use by the query that called
-       <function>lo_open()</>.  To obtain the old behavior of always
-       returning the latest committed data, include <literal>INV_WRITE</>
-       in the mode flags for <function>lo_open()</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Automatically use indexes for <function>MIN()</> and
+      <function>MAX()</> (Tom)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Add proper dependencies for arguments of sequence functions (Tom)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, sequence names passed to <function>nextval()</>,
-       <function>currval()</>, and <function>setval()</> were stored as
-       simple text strings, meaning that renaming or dropping a
-       sequence used in a <literal>DEFAULT</> clause made the clause
-       invalid. This release stores all newly-created sequence function
-       arguments as internal OIDs, allowing them to track sequence
-       renaming, and adding dependency information that prevents
-       improper sequence removal. It also makes such <literal>DEFAULT</>
-       clauses immune to schema renaming and search path changes.
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       Some applications might rely on the old behavior of
-       run-time lookup for sequence names. This can still be done by
-       explicitly casting the argument to <type>text</>, for example
-       <literal>nextval('myseq'::text)</>.
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       Pre-8.1 database dumps loaded into 8.1 will use the old text-based
-       representation and therefore will not have the features of
-       OID-stored arguments. However, it is possible to update a
-       database containing text-based <literal>DEFAULT</> clauses.
-       First, save this query into a file, such as <filename>fixseq.sql</>:
-<programlisting>
-SELECT  'ALTER TABLE ' ||
-    pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.' ||
-    pg_catalog.quote_ident(c.relname) ||
-    ' ALTER COLUMN ' || pg_catalog.quote_ident(a.attname) ||
-    ' SET DEFAULT ' ||
-    regexp_replace(d.adsrc,
-                   $$val\(\(('[^']*')::text\)::regclass$$,
-                   $$val(\1$$,
-                   'g') ||
-    ';'
-FROM    pg_namespace n, pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_attrdef d
-WHERE   n.oid = c.relnamespace AND
-    c.oid = a.attrelid AND
-    a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND
-    a.attnum = d.adnum AND
-    d.adsrc ~ $$val\(\('[^']*'::text\)::regclass$$;
-</programlisting>
-       Next, run the query against a database to find what
-       adjustments are required, like this for database <literal>db1</>:
-<programlisting>
-psql -t -f fixseq.sql db1
-</programlisting>
-       This will show the <command>ALTER TABLE</> commands needed to
-       convert the database to the newer OID-based representation.
-       If the commands look reasonable, run this to update the database:
-<programlisting>
-psql -t -f fixseq.sql db1 | psql -e db1
-</programlisting>
-       This process must be repeated in each database to be updated.
+       In previous releases, the only way to use an index for
+       <function>MIN()</> or <function>MAX()</> was to rewrite the
+       query as <command>SELECT col FROM tab ORDER BY col LIMIT 1</>.
+       Index usage now happens automatically.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In <application>psql</application>, treat unquoted
-       <literal>\{digit}+</> sequences as octal (Bruce)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, <literal>\{digit}+</> sequences were
-       treated as decimal, and only <literal>\0{digit}+</> were treated
-       as octal. This change was made for consistency.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Move <filename>/contrib/pg_autovacuum</> into the main server
+      (Alvaro)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Remove grammar productions for prefix and postfix <literal>%</>
-       and <literal>^</> operators
-       (Tom)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       These have never been documented and complicated the use of the
-       modulus operator (<literal>%</>) with negative numbers.
+       Integrating autovacuum into the server allows it to be
+       automatically started and stopped in sync with the database
+       server, and allows autovacuum to be configured from
+       <filename>postgresql.conf</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Add shared row level locks using <command>SELECT ... FOR SHARE</>
+      (Alvaro)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <literal>&amp;&lt;</> and <literal>&amp;&gt;</> for polygons
-       consistent with the box "over" operators (Tom)
+       While <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s MVCC locking
+       allows <command>SELECT</> to never be blocked by writers and
+       therefore does not need shared row locks for typical operations,
+       shared locks are useful for applications that require shared row
+       locking.  In particular this reduces the locking requirements
+       imposed by referential integrity checks.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Add dependencies on shared objects, specifically roles
+      (Alvaro)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</> can ignore the provided arguments
-       in favor of information from <structname>pg_pltemplate</>
-       (Tom)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       A new system catalog <structname>pg_pltemplate</> has been defined
-       to carry information about the preferred definitions of procedural
-       languages (such as whether they have validator functions).  When
-       an entry exists in this catalog for the language being created,
-       <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</> will ignore all its parameters except the
-       language name and instead use the catalog information.  This measure
-       was taken because of increasing problems with obsolete language
-       definitions being loaded by old dump files.  As of 8.1,
-       <application>pg_dump</> will dump procedural language definitions as
-       just <command>CREATE LANGUAGE <replaceable>name</></command>, relying
-       on a template entry to exist at load time.  We expect this will be a
-       more future-proof representation.
+       This extension of the dependency mechanism prevents roles from
+       being dropped while there are still database objects they own.
+       Formerly it was possible to accidentally <quote>orphan</> objects by
+       deleting their owner.  While this could be recovered from, it
+       was messy and unpleasant.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Improve performance for partitioned tables (Simon)
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <function>pg_cancel_backend(int)</function> return a
-       <type>boolean</type> rather than an <type>integer</type> (Neil)
+       The new <varname>constraint_exclusion</varname> configuration
+       parameter avoids lookups on child tables where constraints indicate
+       that no matching rows exist in the child table.
       </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
       <para>
-       Some users are having problems loading UTF-8 data into 8.1.X.
-       This is because previous versions allowed invalid UTF-8 byte
-       sequences to be entered into the database, and this release
-       properly accepts only valid UTF-8 sequences. One way to correct a
-       dumpfile is to run the command <command>iconv -c -f UTF-8 -t
-       UTF-8 -o cleanfile.sql dumpfile.sql</>. The <literal>-c</> option
-       removes invalid character sequences. A diff of the two files will
-       show the sequences that are invalid. <command>iconv</> reads the
-       entire input file into memory so it might be necessary to use
-       <application>split</> to break up the dump into multiple smaller
-       files for processing.
+       This allows for a basic type of table partitioning. If child tables
+       store separate key ranges and this is enforced using appropriate
+       <command>CHECK</> constraints, the optimizer will skip child
+       table accesses when the constraint guarantees no matching rows
+       exist in the child table.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
+   </variablelist>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Additional Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-     Below you will find a detailed account of the additional changes
-     between <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1 and the
-     previous major release.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is required
+    for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
+   </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Performance Improvements</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+   <para>
+    The 8.0 release announced that the <function>to_char()</> function
+    for intervals would be removed in 8.1. However, since no better API
+    has been suggested, <function>to_char(interval)</> has been enhanced in
+    8.1 and will remain in the server.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve GiST and R-tree index performance (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Observe the following incompatibilities:
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve the optimizer, including auto-resizing of hash joins
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Overhaul internal API in several areas
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <varname>add_missing_from</> is now false by default (Neil)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      By default, we now generate an error if a table is used in a query
+      without a <literal>FROM</> reference.  The old behavior is still
+      available, but the parameter must be set to 'true' to obtain it.
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change WAL record CRCs from 64-bit to 32-bit (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        We determined that the extra cost of computing 64-bit CRCs was
-        significant, and the gain in reliability too marginal to justify it.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      It might be necessary to set <varname>add_missing_from</> to true
+      in order to load an existing dump file, if the dump contains any
+      views or rules created using the implicit-<literal>FROM</> syntax.
+      This should be a one-time annoyance, because
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1 will convert
+      such views and rules to standard explicit-<literal>FROM</> syntax.
+      Subsequent dumps will therefore not have the problem.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent writing large empty gaps in WAL pages (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve spinlock behavior on SMP machines, particularly Opterons (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow nonconsecutive index columns to be used in a multicolumn
-        index (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        For example, this allows an index on columns a,b,c to be used in
-        a query with <command>WHERE a = 4 and c = 10</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Skip WAL logging for <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> /
-        <command>SELECT INTO</> (Simon)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Since a crash during <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> would cause the
-        table to be dropped during recovery, there is no reason to WAL
-        log as the table is loaded.  (Logging still happens if WAL
-        archiving is enabled, however.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Cause input of a zero-length string (<literal>''</literal>) for
+      <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type>/<type>oid</type>
+      to throw an error, rather than treating it as a zero (Neil)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      This change is consistent with the current handling of
+      zero-length strings for integers. The schedule for this change
+      was announced in 8.0.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow concurrent GiST index access (Teodor, Oleg)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <varname>default_with_oids</> is now false by default (Neil)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      With this option set to false, user-created tables no longer
+      have an OID column unless <command>WITH OIDS</> is specified in
+      <command>CREATE TABLE</>. Though OIDs have existed in all
+      releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, their use is limited
+      because they are only four bytes long and the counter is shared
+      across all installed databases. The preferred way of uniquely
+      identifying rows is via sequences and the <type>SERIAL</> type,
+      which have been supported since <productname>PostgreSQL</> 6.4.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add configuration parameter <varname>full_page_writes</> to
-        control writing full pages to WAL (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        To prevent partial disk writes from corrupting the database,
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> writes a complete copy of
-        each database disk page to WAL the first time it is modified
-        after a checkpoint. This option turns off that functionality for more
-        speed.  This is safe to use with battery-backed disk caches where
-        partial page writes cannot happen.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Add <literal>E''</> syntax so eventually ordinary strings can
+      treat backslashes literally (Bruce)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      Currently <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> processes a
+      backslash in a string literal as introducing a special escape sequence,
+      e.g. <literal>\n</> or <literal>\010</>.
+      While this allows easy entry of special values, it is
+      nonstandard and makes porting of applications from other
+      databases more difficult. For this reason, the
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> project is planning to
+      remove the special meaning of backslashes in strings. For
+      backward compatibility and for users who want special backslash
+      processing, a new string syntax has been created. This new string
+      syntax is formed by writing an <literal>E</> immediately preceding the
+      single quote that starts the string, e.g. <literal>E'hi\n'</>. While
+      this release does not change the handling of backslashes in strings, it
+      does add new configuration parameters to help users migrate applications
+      for future releases:
+     </para>
+     <itemizedlist>
 
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        Use <literal>O_DIRECT</> if available when using
-        <literal>O_SYNC</> for <varname>wal_sync_method</varname>
-        (Itagaki Takahiro)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <literal>O_DIRECT</> causes disk writes to bypass the kernel
-        cache, and for WAL writes, this improves performance.
+        <varname>standard_conforming_strings</> &mdash; does this release
+        treat backslashes literally in ordinary strings?
        </para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <command>COPY FROM</> performance (Alon Goldshuv)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This was accomplished by reading <command>COPY</> input in
-        larger chunks, rather than character by character.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       <varname>escape_string_warning</> &mdash; warn about backslashes in
+       ordinary (non-E) strings
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve the performance of <function>COUNT()</function>,
-        <function>SUM</function>, <function>AVG()</function>,
-        <function>STDDEV()</function>, and
-        <function>VARIANCE()</function> (Neil, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Server Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent problems due to transaction ID (XID) wraparound (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The server will now warn when the transaction counter approaches
-        the wraparound point.  If the counter becomes too close to wraparound,
-        the server will stop accepting queries.  This ensures that data is
-        not lost before needed vacuuming is performed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix problems with object IDs (OIDs) conflicting with existing system
-        objects after the OID counter has wrapped around (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <varname>standard_conforming_strings</> value is read-only.
+      Applications can retrieve the value to know how backslashes are
+      processed.  (Presence of the parameter can also be taken as an
+      indication that <literal>E''</> string syntax is supported.)
+      In a future release, <varname>standard_conforming_strings</>
+      will be true, meaning backslashes will be treated literally in
+      non-E strings. To prepare for this change, use <literal>E''</>
+      strings in places that need special backslash processing, and
+      turn on <varname>escape_string_warning</> to find additional
+      strings that need to be converted to use <literal>E''</>.
+      Also, use two single-quotes (<literal>''</>) to embed a literal
+      single-quote in a string, rather than the
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>-supported syntax of
+      backslash single-quote (<literal>\'</>).  The former is
+      standards-conforming and does not require the use of the
+      <literal>E''</> string syntax.  You can also use the
+      <literal>$$</> string syntax, which does not treat backslashes
+      specially.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add warning about the need to increase
-        <varname>max_fsm_relations</> and <varname>max_fsm_pages</>
-        during <command>VACUUM</> (Ron Mayer)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> reindex all indexes in the
+      database (Tom)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      Formerly, <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> reindexed only
+      system tables. This new behavior seems more intuitive. A new
+      command <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</> provides the old functionality
+      of reindexing just the system tables.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <varname>temp_buffers</> configuration parameter to allow
-        users to determine the size of the local buffer area for
-        temporary table access (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Read-only large object descriptors now obey MVCC snapshot semantics
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      When a large object is opened with <literal>INV_READ</> (and not
+      <literal>INV_WRITE</>), the data read from the descriptor will now
+      reflect a <quote>snapshot</> of the large object's state at the
+      time of the transaction snapshot in use by the query that called
+      <function>lo_open()</>.  To obtain the old behavior of always
+      returning the latest committed data, include <literal>INV_WRITE</>
+      in the mode flags for <function>lo_open()</>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add session start time and client IP address to
-        <literal>pg_stat_activity</> (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Add proper dependencies for arguments of sequence functions (Tom)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      In previous releases, sequence names passed to <function>nextval()</>,
+      <function>currval()</>, and <function>setval()</> were stored as
+      simple text strings, meaning that renaming or dropping a
+      sequence used in a <literal>DEFAULT</> clause made the clause
+      invalid. This release stores all newly-created sequence function
+      arguments as internal OIDs, allowing them to track sequence
+      renaming, and adding dependency information that prevents
+      improper sequence removal. It also makes such <literal>DEFAULT</>
+      clauses immune to schema renaming and search path changes.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      Some applications might rely on the old behavior of
+      run-time lookup for sequence names. This can still be done by
+      explicitly casting the argument to <type>text</>, for example
+      <literal>nextval('myseq'::text)</>.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      Pre-8.1 database dumps loaded into 8.1 will use the old text-based
+      representation and therefore will not have the features of
+      OID-stored arguments. However, it is possible to update a
+      database containing text-based <literal>DEFAULT</> clauses.
+      First, save this query into a file, such as <filename>fixseq.sql</>:
+<programlisting>
+SELECT  'ALTER TABLE ' ||
+   pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.' ||
+   pg_catalog.quote_ident(c.relname) ||
+   ' ALTER COLUMN ' || pg_catalog.quote_ident(a.attname) ||
+   ' SET DEFAULT ' ||
+   regexp_replace(d.adsrc,
+                  $$val\(\(('[^']*')::text\)::regclass$$,
+                  $$val(\1$$,
+                  'g') ||
+   ';'
+FROM    pg_namespace n, pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_attrdef d
+WHERE   n.oid = c.relnamespace AND
+   c.oid = a.attrelid AND
+   a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND
+   a.attnum = d.adnum AND
+   d.adsrc ~ $$val\(\('[^']*'::text\)::regclass$$;
+</programlisting>
+      Next, run the query against a database to find what
+      adjustments are required, like this for database <literal>db1</>:
+<programlisting>
+psql -t -f fixseq.sql db1
+</programlisting>
+      This will show the <command>ALTER TABLE</> commands needed to
+      convert the database to the newer OID-based representation.
+      If the commands look reasonable, run this to update the database:
+<programlisting>
+psql -t -f fixseq.sql db1 | psql -e db1
+</programlisting>
+      This process must be repeated in each database to be updated.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Adjust <literal>pg_stat</> views for bitmap scans (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The meanings of some of the fields have changed slightly.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      In <application>psql</application>, treat unquoted
+      <literal>\{digit}+</> sequences as octal (Bruce)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      In previous releases, <literal>\{digit}+</> sequences were
+      treated as decimal, and only <literal>\0{digit}+</> were treated
+      as octal. This change was made for consistency.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Enhance <literal>pg_locks</> view (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Remove grammar productions for prefix and postfix <literal>%</>
+      and <literal>^</> operators
+      (Tom)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      These have never been documented and complicated the use of the
+      modulus operator (<literal>%</>) with negative numbers.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Log queries for client-side <command>PREPARE</> and
-        <command>EXECUTE</> (Simon)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <literal>&amp;&lt;</> and <literal>&amp;&gt;</> for polygons
+      consistent with the box "over" operators (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow Kerberos name and user name case sensitivity to be
-        specified in <filename>postgresql.conf</> (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</> can ignore the provided arguments
+      in favor of information from <structname>pg_pltemplate</>
+      (Tom)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      A new system catalog <structname>pg_pltemplate</> has been defined
+      to carry information about the preferred definitions of procedural
+      languages (such as whether they have validator functions).  When
+      an entry exists in this catalog for the language being created,
+      <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</> will ignore all its parameters except the
+      language name and instead use the catalog information.  This measure
+      was taken because of increasing problems with obsolete language
+      definitions being loaded by old dump files.  As of 8.1,
+      <application>pg_dump</> will dump procedural language definitions as
+      just <command>CREATE LANGUAGE <replaceable>name</></command>, relying
+      on a template entry to exist at load time.  We expect this will be a
+      more future-proof representation.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add configuration parameter <varname>krb_server_hostname</> so
-        that the server host name can be specified as part of service
-        principal (Todd Kover)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        If not set, any service principal matching an entry in the
-        keytab can be used. This is new Kerberos matching behavior in
-        this release.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <function>pg_cancel_backend(int)</function> return a
+      <type>boolean</type> rather than an <type>integer</type> (Neil)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <varname>log_line_prefix</> options for millisecond
-        timestamps (<literal>%m</>) and remote host (<literal>%h</>) (Ed
-        L.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Some users are having problems loading UTF-8 data into 8.1.X.
+      This is because previous versions allowed invalid UTF-8 byte
+      sequences to be entered into the database, and this release
+      properly accepts only valid UTF-8 sequences. One way to correct a
+      dumpfile is to run the command <command>iconv -c -f UTF-8 -t
+      UTF-8 -o cleanfile.sql dumpfile.sql</>. The <literal>-c</> option
+      removes invalid character sequences. A diff of the two files will
+      show the sequences that are invalid. <command>iconv</> reads the
+      entire input file into memory so it might be necessary to use
+      <application>split</> to break up the dump into multiple smaller
+      files for processing.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add WAL logging for GiST indexes (Teodor, Oleg)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        GiST indexes are now safe for crash and point-in-time recovery.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove old <filename>*.backup</> files when we do
-        <function>pg_stop_backup()</> (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This prevents a large number of <filename>*.backup</> files from
-        existing in <filename>pg_xlog/</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Additional Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add configuration parameters to control TCP/IP keep-alive
-        times for idle, interval, and count (Oliver Jowett)
-       </para>
+   <para>
+    Below you will find a detailed account of the additional changes
+    between <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1 and the
+    previous major release.
+   </para>
 
-       <para>
-        These values can be changed to allow more rapid detection of
-        lost client connections.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Performance Improvements</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add per-user and per-database connection limits (Petr Jelinek)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Using <command>ALTER USER</> and <command>ALTER DATABASE</>,
-        limits can now be enforced on the maximum number of sessions that
-        can concurrently connect as a specific user or to a specific database.
-        Setting the limit to zero disables user or database connections.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve GiST and R-tree index performance (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow more than two gigabytes of shared memory and per-backend
-        work memory on 64-bit machines (Koichi Suzuki)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve the optimizer, including auto-resizing of hash joins
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New system catalog <structname>pg_pltemplate</> allows overriding
-        obsolete procedural-language definitions in dump files (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Overhaul internal API in several areas
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change WAL record CRCs from 64-bit to 32-bit (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       We determined that the extra cost of computing 64-bit CRCs was
+       significant, and the gain in reliability too marginal to justify it.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Prevent writing large empty gaps in WAL pages (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Query Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve spinlock behavior on SMP machines, particularly Opterons (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add temporary views (Koju Iijima, Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <command>HAVING</> without any aggregate functions or
-        <command>GROUP BY</> so that the query returns a single group (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously, such a case would treat the <command>HAVING</>
-        clause the same as a <command>WHERE</> clause.  This was not per spec.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow nonconsecutive index columns to be used in a multicolumn
+       index (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       For example, this allows an index on columns a,b,c to be used in
+       a query with <command>WHERE a = 4 and c = 10</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>USING</> clause to allow additional tables to be
-        specified to <command>DELETE</> (Euler Taveira de Oliveira, Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In prior releases, there was no clear method for specifying
-        additional tables to be used for joins in a <command>DELETE</>
-        statement. <command>UPDATE</> already has a <literal>FROM</>
-        clause for this purpose.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Skip WAL logging for <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> /
+       <command>SELECT INTO</> (Simon)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Since a crash during <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> would cause the
+       table to be dropped during recovery, there is no reason to WAL
+       log as the table is loaded.  (Logging still happens if WAL
+       archiving is enabled, however.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>\x</> hex escapes in backend and ecpg
-        strings (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is just like the standard C <literal>\x</> escape syntax.
-        Octal escapes were already supported.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow concurrent GiST index access (Teodor, Oleg)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>BETWEEN SYMMETRIC</> query syntax (Pavel Stehule)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This feature allows <command>BETWEEN</> comparisons without
-        requiring the first value to be less than the second. For
-        example, <command>2 BETWEEN [ASYMMETRIC] 3 AND 1</> returns
-        false, while <command>2 BETWEEN SYMMETRIC 3 AND 1</> returns
-        true. <command>BETWEEN ASYMMETRIC</> was already supported.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add configuration parameter <varname>full_page_writes</> to
+       control writing full pages to WAL (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       To prevent partial disk writes from corrupting the database,
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> writes a complete copy of
+       each database disk page to WAL the first time it is modified
+       after a checkpoint. This option turns off that functionality for more
+       speed.  This is safe to use with battery-backed disk caches where
+       partial page writes cannot happen.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>NOWAIT</> option to <command>SELECT ... FOR
-        UPDATE/SHARE</> (Hans-Juergen Schoenig)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        While the <varname>statement_timeout</> configuration
-        parameter allows a query taking more than a certain amount of
-        time to be cancelled, the <command>NOWAIT</> option allows a
-        query to be canceled as soon as a <command>SELECT ... FOR
-        UPDATE/SHARE</> command cannot immediately acquire a row lock.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use <literal>O_DIRECT</> if available when using
+       <literal>O_SYNC</> for <varname>wal_sync_method</varname>
+       (Itagaki Takahiro)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <literal>O_DIRECT</> causes disk writes to bypass the kernel
+       cache, and for WAL writes, this improves performance.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve <command>COPY FROM</> performance (Alon Goldshuv)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This was accomplished by reading <command>COPY</> input in
+       larger chunks, rather than character by character.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve the performance of <function>COUNT()</function>,
+       <function>SUM</function>, <function>AVG()</function>,
+       <function>STDDEV()</function>, and
+       <function>VARIANCE()</function> (Neil, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Track dependencies of shared objects (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> allows global tables
-        (users, databases, tablespaces) to reference information in
-        multiple databases. This addition adds dependency information
-        for global tables, so, for example, user ownership can be
-        tracked across databases, so a user who owns something in any
-        database can no longer be removed. Dependency tracking already
-        existed for database-local objects.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Server Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow limited <command>ALTER OWNER</> commands to be performed
-        by the object owner (Stephen Frost)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prior releases allowed only superusers to change object owners.
-        Now, ownership can be transferred if the user executing the command
-        owns the object and would be able to create it as the new owner
-        (that is, the user is a member of the new owning role and that role
-        has the CREATE permission that would be needed to create the object
-        afresh).
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Prevent problems due to transaction ID (XID) wraparound (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The server will now warn when the transaction counter approaches
+       the wraparound point.  If the counter becomes too close to wraparound,
+       the server will stop accepting queries.  This ensures that data is
+       not lost before needed vacuuming is performed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>ALTER</> object <command>SET SCHEMA</> capability
-        for some object types (tables, functions, types) (Bernd Helmle)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows objects to be moved to different schemas.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix problems with object IDs (OIDs) conflicting with existing system
+       objects after the OID counter has wrapped around (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE TRIGGER</command> to
-        disable triggers (Satoshi Nagayasu)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add warning about the need to increase
+       <varname>max_fsm_relations</> and <varname>max_fsm_pages</>
+       during <command>VACUUM</> (Ron Mayer)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <varname>temp_buffers</> configuration parameter to allow
+       users to determine the size of the local buffer area for
+       temporary table access (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add session start time and client IP address to
+       <literal>pg_stat_activity</> (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Adjust <literal>pg_stat</> views for bitmap scans (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The meanings of some of the fields have changed slightly.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>TRUNCATE</> to truncate multiple tables in a
-        single command (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Because of referential integrity checks, it is not allowed to
-        truncate a table that is part of a referential integrity
-        constraint. Using this new functionality, <command>TRUNCATE</>
-        can be used to truncate such tables, if both tables involved in
-        a referential integrity constraint are truncated in a single
-        <command>TRUNCATE</> command.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Enhance <literal>pg_locks</> view (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Properly process carriage returns and line feeds in
-        <command>COPY CSV</> mode (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In release 8.0, carriage returns and line feeds in <command>CSV
-        COPY TO</> were processed in an inconsistent manner. (This was
-        documented on the TODO list.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Log queries for client-side <command>PREPARE</> and
+       <command>EXECUTE</> (Simon)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>COPY WITH CSV HEADER</> to allow a header line as
-        the first line in <command>COPY</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows handling of the common <command>CSV</> usage of
-        placing the column names on the first line of the data file. For
-        <command>COPY TO</>, the first line contains the column names,
-        and for <command>COPY FROM</>, the first line is ignored.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow Kerberos name and user name case sensitivity to be
+       specified in <filename>postgresql.conf</> (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        On Windows, display better sub-second precision in
-        <command>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</> (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add configuration parameter <varname>krb_server_hostname</> so
+       that the server host name can be specified as part of service
+       principal (Todd Kover)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       If not set, any service principal matching an entry in the
+       keytab can be used. This is new Kerberos matching behavior in
+       this release.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add trigger duration display to <command>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</>
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prior releases included trigger execution time as part of the
-        total execution time, but did not show it separately.  It is now
-        possible to see how much time is spent in each trigger.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <varname>log_line_prefix</> options for millisecond
+       timestamps (<literal>%m</>) and remote host (<literal>%h</>) (Ed
+       L.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>\x</> hex escapes in <command>COPY</>
-        (Sergey Ten)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previous releases only supported octal escapes.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add WAL logging for GiST indexes (Teodor, Oleg)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       GiST indexes are now safe for crash and point-in-time recovery.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <command>SHOW ALL</> include variable descriptions
-        (Matthias Schmidt)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <command>SHOW</> varname still only displays the variable's
-        value and does not include the description.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove old <filename>*.backup</> files when we do
+       <function>pg_stop_backup()</> (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This prevents a large number of <filename>*.backup</> files from
+       existing in <filename>pg_xlog/</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <application>initdb</application> create a new standard
-        database called <literal>postgres</>, and convert utilities to
-        use <literal>postgres</> rather than <literal>template1</> for
-        standard lookups (Dave)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In prior releases, <literal>template1</> was used both as a
-        default connection for utilities like
-        <application>createuser</application>, and as a template for
-        new databases. This caused <command>CREATE DATABASE</> to
-        sometimes fail, because a new database cannot be created if
-        anyone else is in the template database. With this change, the
-        default connection database is now <literal>postgres</>,
-        meaning it is much less likely someone will be using
-        <literal>template1</> during <command>CREATE DATABASE</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add configuration parameters to control TCP/IP keep-alive
+       times for idle, interval, and count (Oliver Jowett)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Create new <application>reindexdb</application> command-line
-        utility by moving <filename>/contrib/reindexdb</> into the
-        server (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       These values can be changed to allow more rapid detection of
+       lost client connections.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add per-user and per-database connection limits (Petr Jelinek)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Using <command>ALTER USER</> and <command>ALTER DATABASE</>,
+       limits can now be enforced on the maximum number of sessions that
+       can concurrently connect as a specific user or to a specific database.
+       Setting the limit to zero disables user or database connections.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow more than two gigabytes of shared memory and per-backend
+       work memory on 64-bit machines (Koichi Suzuki)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New system catalog <structname>pg_pltemplate</> allows overriding
+       obsolete procedural-language definitions in dump files (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>MAX()</> and <function>MIN()</> aggregates for
-        array types (Koju Iijima)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>to_date()</> and <function>to_timestamp()</> to
-        behave reasonably when <literal>CC</> and <literal>YY</> fields
-        are both used (Karel Zak)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        If the format specification contains <literal>CC</> and a year
-        specification is <literal>YYY</> or longer, ignore the
-        <literal>CC</>. If the year specification is <literal>YY</> or
-        shorter, interpret <literal>CC</> as the previous century.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>md5(bytea)</> (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <function>md5(text)</> already existed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Query Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <command>numeric ^ numeric</> based on
-        <function>power(numeric, numeric)</>
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The function already existed, but there was no operator assigned
-        to it.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <type>NUMERIC</> modulus by properly truncating the quotient
-        during computation (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, modulus for large values sometimes
-        returned negative results due to rounding of the quotient.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add temporary views (Koju Iijima, Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a function <function>lastval()</> (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <function>lastval()</> is a simplified version of
-        <function>currval()</>. It automatically determines the proper
-        sequence name based on the most recent <function>nextval()</> or
-        <function>setval()</> call performed by the current session.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <command>HAVING</> without any aggregate functions or
+       <command>GROUP BY</> so that the query returns a single group (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously, such a case would treat the <command>HAVING</>
+       clause the same as a <command>WHERE</> clause.  This was not per spec.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>to_timestamp(DOUBLE PRECISION) (Michael Glaesemann)</>
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Converts Unix seconds since 1970 to a <type>TIMESTAMP WITH
-        TIMEZONE</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>USING</> clause to allow additional tables to be
+       specified to <command>DELETE</> (Euler Taveira de Oliveira, Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In prior releases, there was no clear method for specifying
+       additional tables to be used for joins in a <command>DELETE</>
+       statement. <command>UPDATE</> already has a <literal>FROM</>
+       clause for this purpose.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_postmaster_start_time()</> function (Euler
-        Taveira de Oliveira, Matthias Schmidt)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>\x</> hex escapes in backend and ecpg
+       strings (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is just like the standard C <literal>\x</> escape syntax.
+       Octal escapes were already supported.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the full use of time zone names in <command>AT TIME
-        ZONE</>, not just the short list previously available (Magnus)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously, only a predefined list of time zone names were
-        supported by <command>AT TIME ZONE</>. Now any supported time
-        zone name can be used, e.g.:
-        <programlisting>
-         SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/London';
-        </programlisting>
-        In the above query, the time zone used is adjusted based on the
-        daylight saving time rules that were in effect on the supplied
-        date.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>BETWEEN SYMMETRIC</> query syntax (Pavel Stehule)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This feature allows <command>BETWEEN</> comparisons without
+       requiring the first value to be less than the second. For
+       example, <command>2 BETWEEN [ASYMMETRIC] 3 AND 1</> returns
+       false, while <command>2 BETWEEN SYMMETRIC 3 AND 1</> returns
+       true. <command>BETWEEN ASYMMETRIC</> was already supported.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>GREATEST()</> and <function>LEAST()</> variadic
-        functions (Pavel Stehule)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These functions take a variable number of arguments and return
-        the greatest or least value among the arguments.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>NOWAIT</> option to <command>SELECT ... FOR
+       UPDATE/SHARE</> (Hans-Juergen Schoenig)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       While the <varname>statement_timeout</> configuration
+       parameter allows a query taking more than a certain amount of
+       time to be cancelled, the <command>NOWAIT</> option allows a
+       query to be canceled as soon as a <command>SELECT ... FOR
+       UPDATE/SHARE</> command cannot immediately acquire a row lock.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_column_size()</> (Mark Kirkwood)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This returns storage size of a column, which might be compressed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>regexp_replace()</> (Atsushi Ogawa)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows regular expression replacement, like sed. An optional
-        flag argument allows selection of global (replace all) and
-        case-insensitive modes.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix interval division and multiplication (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previous versions sometimes returned unjustified results, like
-        <command>'4 months'::interval / 5</> returning <command>'1 mon
-        -6 days'</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Track dependencies of shared objects (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> allows global tables
+       (users, databases, tablespaces) to reference information in
+       multiple databases. This addition adds dependency information
+       for global tables, so, for example, user ownership can be
+       tracked across databases, so a user who owns something in any
+       database can no longer be removed. Dependency tracking already
+       existed for database-local objects.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix roundoff behavior in timestamp, time, and interval output (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This fixes some cases in which the seconds field would be shown as
-        <literal>60</> instead of incrementing the higher-order fields.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow limited <command>ALTER OWNER</> commands to be performed
+       by the object owner (Stephen Frost)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prior releases allowed only superusers to change object owners.
+       Now, ownership can be transferred if the user executing the command
+       owns the object and would be able to create it as the new owner
+       (that is, the user is a member of the new owning role and that role
+       has the CREATE permission that would be needed to create the object
+       afresh).
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a separate day field to type <type>interval</> so a one day
-        interval can be distinguished from a 24 hour interval (Michael
-        Glaesemann)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Days that contain a daylight saving time adjustment are not 24
-        hours long, but typically 23 or 25 hours.  This change creates a
-        conceptual distinction between intervals of <quote>so many days</>
-        and intervals of <quote>so many hours</>.  Adding
-        <literal>1 day</> to a timestamp now gives the same local time on
-        the next day even if a daylight saving time adjustment occurs
-        between, whereas adding <literal>24 hours</> will give a different
-        local time when this happens.  For example, under US DST rules:
-        <programlisting>
-         '2005-04-03 00:00:00-05' + '1 day' = '2005-04-04 00:00:00-04'
-         '2005-04-03 00:00:00-05' + '24 hours' = '2005-04-04 01:00:00-04'
-        </programlisting>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>ALTER</> object <command>SET SCHEMA</> capability
+       for some object types (tables, functions, types) (Bernd Helmle)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows objects to be moved to different schemas.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>justify_days()</> and <function>justify_hours()</>
-        (Michael Glaesemann)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These functions, respectively, adjust days to an appropriate
-        number of full months and days, and adjust hours to an
-        appropriate number of full days and hours.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE TRIGGER</command> to
+       disable triggers (Satoshi Nagayasu)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Move <filename>/contrib/dbsize</> into the backend, and rename
-        some of the functions (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <itemizedlist>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-            <function>pg_tablespace_size()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_database_size()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_relation_size()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_total_relation_size()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_size_pretty()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-        </itemizedlist>
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <function>pg_total_relation_size()</> includes indexes and TOAST
-        tables.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add functions for read-only file access to the cluster directory
-        (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <itemizedlist>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_stat_file()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_read_file()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_ls_dir()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-        </itemizedlist>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_reload_conf()</> to force reloading of the
-        configuration files (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_rotate_logfile()</> to force rotation of the
-        server log file (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>TRUNCATE</> to truncate multiple tables in a
+       single command (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Because of referential integrity checks, it is not allowed to
+       truncate a table that is part of a referential integrity
+       constraint. Using this new functionality, <command>TRUNCATE</>
+       can be used to truncate such tables, if both tables involved in
+       a referential integrity constraint are truncated in a single
+       <command>TRUNCATE</> command.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <literal>pg_stat_*</> views to include TOAST tables (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Properly process carriage returns and line feeds in
+       <command>COPY CSV</> mode (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In release 8.0, carriage returns and line feeds in <command>CSV
+       COPY TO</> were processed in an inconsistent manner. (This was
+       documented on the TODO list.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>COPY WITH CSV HEADER</> to allow a header line as
+       the first line in <command>COPY</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows handling of the common <command>CSV</> usage of
+       placing the column names on the first line of the data file. For
+       <command>COPY TO</>, the first line contains the column names,
+       and for <command>COPY FROM</>, the first line is ignored.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       On Windows, display better sub-second precision in
+       <command>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</> (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Encoding and Locale Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add trigger duration display to <command>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</>
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prior releases included trigger execution time as part of the
+       total execution time, but did not show it separately.  It is now
+       possible to see how much time is spent in each trigger.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rename some encodings to be more consistent and to follow
-        international standards (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <itemizedlist>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <literal>UNICODE</> is now <literal>UTF8</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <literal>ALT</> is now <literal>WIN866</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <literal>WIN</> is now <literal>WIN1251</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-          <literal>TCVN</> is now <literal>WIN1258</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-        </itemizedlist>
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>\x</> hex escapes in <command>COPY</>
+       (Sergey Ten)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previous releases only supported octal escapes.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The original names still work.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <command>SHOW ALL</> include variable descriptions
+       (Matthias Schmidt)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <command>SHOW</> varname still only displays the variable's
+       value and does not include the description.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>WIN1252</> encoding (Roland Volkmann)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <application>initdb</application> create a new standard
+       database called <literal>postgres</>, and convert utilities to
+       use <literal>postgres</> rather than <literal>template1</> for
+       standard lookups (Dave)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In prior releases, <literal>template1</> was used both as a
+       default connection for utilities like
+       <application>createuser</application>, and as a template for
+       new databases. This caused <command>CREATE DATABASE</> to
+       sometimes fail, because a new database cannot be created if
+       anyone else is in the template database. With this change, the
+       default connection database is now <literal>postgres</>,
+       meaning it is much less likely someone will be using
+       <literal>template1</> during <command>CREATE DATABASE</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for four-byte <literal>UTF8</> characters (John
-        Hansen)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously only one, two, and three-byte <literal>UTF8</> characters
-        were supported. This is particularly important for support for
-        some Chinese character sets.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Create new <application>reindexdb</application> command-line
+       utility by moving <filename>/contrib/reindexdb</> into the
+       server (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow direct conversion between <literal>EUC_JP</> and
-        <literal>SJIS</> to improve performance (Atsushi Ogawa)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the UTF8 encoding to work on Windows (Magnus)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is done by mapping UTF8 to the Windows-native UTF16
-        implementation.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>MAX()</> and <function>MIN()</> aggregates for
+       array types (Koju Iijima)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>General Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>to_date()</> and <function>to_timestamp()</> to
+       behave reasonably when <literal>CC</> and <literal>YY</> fields
+       are both used (Karel Zak)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       If the format specification contains <literal>CC</> and a year
+       specification is <literal>YYY</> or longer, ignore the
+       <literal>CC</>. If the year specification is <literal>YY</> or
+       shorter, interpret <literal>CC</> as the previous century.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</> (Sergey Yatskevich)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>md5(bytea)</> (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <function>md5(text)</> already existed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow function characteristics, like strictness and volatility,
-        to be modified via <command>ALTER FUNCTION</> (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <command>numeric ^ numeric</> based on
+       <function>power(numeric, numeric)</>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The function already existed, but there was no operator assigned
+       to it.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Increase the maximum number of function arguments to 100 (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <type>NUMERIC</> modulus by properly truncating the quotient
+       during computation (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, modulus for large values sometimes
+       returned negative results due to rounding of the quotient.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow SQL and PL/PgSQL functions to use <command>OUT</> and
-        <command>INOUT</> parameters (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <command>OUT</> is an alternate way for a function to return
-        values. Instead of using <command>RETURN</>, values can be
-        returned by assigning to parameters declared as <command>OUT</> or
-        <command>INOUT</>.  This is notationally simpler in some cases,
-        particularly so when multiple values need to be returned.
-        While returning multiple values from a function
-        was possible in previous releases, this greatly simplifies the
-        process.  (The feature will be extended to other server-side
-        languages in future releases.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a function <function>lastval()</> (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <function>lastval()</> is a simplified version of
+       <function>currval()</>. It automatically determines the proper
+       sequence name based on the most recent <function>nextval()</> or
+       <function>setval()</> call performed by the current session.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Move language handler functions into the <literal>pg_catalog</> schema
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This makes it easier to drop the public schema if desired.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>to_timestamp(DOUBLE PRECISION) (Michael Glaesemann)</>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Converts Unix seconds since 1970 to a <type>TIMESTAMP WITH
+       TIMEZONE</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>SPI_getnspname()</function> to SPI (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_postmaster_start_time()</> function (Euler
+       Taveira de Oliveira, Matthias Schmidt)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the full use of time zone names in <command>AT TIME
+       ZONE</>, not just the short list previously available (Magnus)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously, only a predefined list of time zone names were
+       supported by <command>AT TIME ZONE</>. Now any supported time
+       zone name can be used, e.g.:
+       <programlisting>
+        SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/London';
+       </programlisting>
+       In the above query, the time zone used is adjusted based on the
+       daylight saving time rules that were in effect on the supplied
+       date.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>PL/PgSQL Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>GREATEST()</> and <function>LEAST()</> variadic
+       functions (Pavel Stehule)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These functions take a variable number of arguments and return
+       the greatest or least value among the arguments.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Overhaul the memory management of PL/PgSQL functions (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The parsetree of each function is now stored in a separate
-        memory context. This allows this memory to be easily reclaimed
-        when it is no longer needed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_column_size()</> (Mark Kirkwood)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This returns storage size of a column, which might be compressed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Check function syntax at <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> time,
-        rather than at runtime (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously, most syntax errors were reported only when the
-        function was executed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>regexp_replace()</> (Atsushi Ogawa)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows regular expression replacement, like sed. An optional
+       flag argument allows selection of global (replace all) and
+       case-insensitive modes.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>OPEN</> to open non-<command>SELECT</> queries
-        like <command>EXPLAIN</> and <command>SHOW</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix interval division and multiplication (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previous versions sometimes returned unjustified results, like
+       <command>'4 months'::interval / 5</> returning <command>'1 mon
+       -6 days'</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        No longer require functions to issue a <command>RETURN</>
-        statement (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is a byproduct of the newly added <command>OUT</> and
-        <command>INOUT</> functionality.  <command>RETURN</> can
-        be omitted when it is not needed to provide the function's
-        return value.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix roundoff behavior in timestamp, time, and interval output (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This fixes some cases in which the seconds field would be shown as
+       <literal>60</> instead of incrementing the higher-order fields.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for an optional <command>INTO</> clause to
-        PL/PgSQL's <command>EXECUTE</> statement (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a separate day field to type <type>interval</> so a one day
+       interval can be distinguished from a 24 hour interval (Michael
+       Glaesemann)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Days that contain a daylight saving time adjustment are not 24
+       hours long, but typically 23 or 25 hours.  This change creates a
+       conceptual distinction between intervals of <quote>so many days</>
+       and intervals of <quote>so many hours</>.  Adding
+       <literal>1 day</> to a timestamp now gives the same local time on
+       the next day even if a daylight saving time adjustment occurs
+       between, whereas adding <literal>24 hours</> will give a different
+       local time when this happens.  For example, under US DST rules:
+       <programlisting>
+        '2005-04-03 00:00:00-05' + '1 day' = '2005-04-04 00:00:00-04'
+        '2005-04-03 00:00:00-05' + '24 hours' = '2005-04-04 01:00:00-04'
+       </programlisting>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> set <command>ROW_COUNT</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>justify_days()</> and <function>justify_hours()</>
+       (Michael Glaesemann)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These functions, respectively, adjust days to an appropriate
+       number of full months and days, and adjust hours to an
+       appropriate number of full days and hours.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Define <literal>SQLSTATE</> and <literal>SQLERRM</> to return
-        the <literal>SQLSTATE</> and error message of the current
-        exception (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These variables are only defined inside exception blocks.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Move <filename>/contrib/dbsize</> into the backend, and rename
+       some of the functions (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the parameters to the <command>RAISE</> statement to be
-        expressions (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+           <function>pg_tablespace_size()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a loop <command>CONTINUE</> statement (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_database_size()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow block and loop labels (Pavel Stehule)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_relation_size()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_total_relation_size()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_size_pretty()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>PL/Perl Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+       </itemizedlist>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <function>pg_total_relation_size()</> includes indexes and TOAST
+       tables.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow large result sets to be returned efficiently (Abhijit
-        Menon-Sen)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows functions to use <function>return_next()</> to avoid
-        building the entire result set in memory.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add functions for read-only file access to the cluster directory
+       (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow one-row-at-a-time retrieval of query results (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows functions to use <function>spi_query()</> and
-        <function>spi_fetchrow()</> to avoid accumulating the entire
-        result set in memory.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_stat_file()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Force PL/Perl to handle strings as <literal>UTF8</> if the
-        server encoding is <literal>UTF8</> (David Kamholz)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_read_file()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a validator function for PL/Perl (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows syntax errors to be reported at definition time,
-        rather than execution time.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_ls_dir()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow PL/Perl to return a Perl array when the function returns
-        an array type (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This basically maps <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> arrays
-        to Perl arrays.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+       </itemizedlist>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow Perl nonfatal warnings to generate <command>NOTICE</>
-        messages (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_reload_conf()</> to force reloading of the
+       configuration files (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow Perl's <literal>strict</> mode to be enabled (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_rotate_logfile()</> to force rotation of the
+       server log file (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <literal>pg_stat_*</> views to include TOAST tables (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK</> to allow statements in
-        a transaction to error without affecting the rest of the
-        transaction (Greg Sabino Mullane)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is basically implemented by wrapping every statement in a
-        sub-transaction.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>\x</> hex strings in
-        <application>psql</> variables (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Octal escapes were already supported.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Encoding and Locale Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <command>troff -ms</> output format (Roger
-        Leigh)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Rename some encodings to be more consistent and to follow
+       international standards (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the history file location to be controlled by
-        <envar>HISTFILE</> (Andreas Seltenreich)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows configuration of per-database history storage.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <literal>UNICODE</> is now <literal>UTF8</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent <command>\x</> (expanded mode) from affecting
-        the output of <command>\d tablename</> (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <literal>ALT</> is now <literal>WIN866</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>-L</> option to <application>psql</application> to
-        log sessions (Lorne Sunley)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This option was added because some operating systems do not have
-        simple command-line activity logging functionality.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <literal>WIN</> is now <literal>WIN1251</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <command>\d</> show the tablespaces of indexes (Qingqing
-        Zhou)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+         <literal>TCVN</> is now <literal>WIN1258</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>psql</application> help (<command>\h</>) to
-        make a best guess on the proper help information (Greg Sabino
-        Mullane)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows the user to just add <command>\h</> to the front of
-        the syntax error query and get help on the supported syntax.
-        Previously any additional query text beyond the command name
-        had to be removed to use <command>\h</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+       </itemizedlist>
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>\pset numericlocale</> to allow numbers to be
-        output in a locale-aware format (Eugen Nedelcu)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        For example, using <literal>C</> locale <literal>100000</> would
-        be output as <literal>100,000.0</> while a European locale might
-        output this value as <literal>100.000,0</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The original names still work.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make startup banner show both server version number and
-        <application>psql</>'s version number, when they are different (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Also, a warning will be shown if the server and <application>psql</>
-        are from different major releases.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>WIN1252</> encoding (Roland Volkmann)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for four-byte <literal>UTF8</> characters (John
+       Hansen)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously only one, two, and three-byte <literal>UTF8</> characters
+       were supported. This is particularly important for support for
+       some Chinese character sets.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow direct conversion between <literal>EUC_JP</> and
+       <literal>SJIS</> to improve performance (Atsushi Ogawa)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the UTF8 encoding to work on Windows (Magnus)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is done by mapping UTF8 to the Windows-native UTF16
+       implementation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>-n</> / <option>--schema</> switch to
-        <application>pg_restore</> (Richard van den Berg)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows just the objects in a specified schema to be restored.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump large objects even in
-        text mode (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        With this change, large objects are now always dumped; the former
-        <option>-b</> switch is a no-op.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump a consistent snapshot of
-        large objects (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>General Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Dump comments for large objects (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</> (Sergey Yatskevich)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>--encoding</> to <application>pg_dump</>
-        (Magnus Hagander)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows a database to be dumped in an encoding that is
-        different from the server's encoding. This is valuable when
-        transferring the dump to a machine with a different encoding.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow function characteristics, like strictness and volatility,
+       to be modified via <command>ALTER FUNCTION</> (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rely on <structname>pg_pltemplate</> for procedural languages (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        If the call handler for a procedural language is in the
-        <literal>pg_catalog</> schema, <application>pg_dump</> does not
-        dump the handler.  Instead, it dumps the language using just
-        <command>CREATE LANGUAGE <replaceable>name</></command>,
-        relying on the <structname>pg_pltemplate</> catalog to provide
-        the language's creation parameters at load time.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Increase the maximum number of function arguments to 100 (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow SQL and PL/PgSQL functions to use <command>OUT</> and
+       <command>INOUT</> parameters (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <command>OUT</> is an alternate way for a function to return
+       values. Instead of using <command>RETURN</>, values can be
+       returned by assigning to parameters declared as <command>OUT</> or
+       <command>INOUT</>.  This is notationally simpler in some cases,
+       particularly so when multiple values need to be returned.
+       While returning multiple values from a function
+       was possible in previous releases, this greatly simplifies the
+       process.  (The feature will be extended to other server-side
+       languages in future releases.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Move language handler functions into the <literal>pg_catalog</> schema
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This makes it easier to drop the public schema if desired.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>libpq</application> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>SPI_getnspname()</function> to SPI (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a <envar>PGPASSFILE</> environment variable to specify the
-        password file's filename (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>lo_create()</>, that is similar to
-        <function>lo_creat()</> but allows the OID of the large object
-        to be specified (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>PL/PgSQL Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <application>libpq</application> consistently return an error
-        to the client application on <function>malloc()</function>
-        failure (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Overhaul the memory management of PL/PgSQL functions (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The parsetree of each function is now stored in a separate
+       memory context. This allows this memory to be easily reclaimed
+       when it is no longer needed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Check function syntax at <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> time,
+       rather than at runtime (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously, most syntax errors were reported only when the
+       function was executed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Source Code Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>OPEN</> to open non-<command>SELECT</> queries
+       like <command>EXPLAIN</> and <command>SHOW</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <application>pgxs</> to support building against a relocated
-        installation
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       No longer require functions to issue a <command>RETURN</>
+       statement (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is a byproduct of the newly added <command>OUT</> and
+       <command>INOUT</> functionality.  <command>RETURN</> can
+       be omitted when it is not needed to provide the function's
+       return value.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add spinlock support for the Itanium processor using Intel
-        compiler (Vikram Kalsi)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for an optional <command>INTO</> clause to
+       PL/PgSQL's <command>EXECUTE</> statement (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add Kerberos 5 support for Windows (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> set <command>ROW_COUNT</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add Chinese FAQ (laser@pgsqldb.com)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Define <literal>SQLSTATE</> and <literal>SQLERRM</> to return
+       the <literal>SQLSTATE</> and error message of the current
+       exception (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These variables are only defined inside exception blocks.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rename Rendezvous to Bonjour to match OS/X feature renaming
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>fsync_writethrough</literal> on
-        Darwin (Chris Campbell)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Streamline the passing of information within the server, the
-        optimizer, and the lock system (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>pg_config</> to be compiled using MSVC (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is required to build DBD::Pg using <application>MSVC</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove support for Kerberos V4 (Magnus)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Kerberos 4 had security vulnerabilities and is no longer
-        maintained.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Code cleanups (Coverity static analysis performed by
-        EnterpriseDB)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Modify <filename>postgresql.conf</> to use documentation defaults
-        <literal>on</>/<literal>off</> rather than
-        <literal>true</>/<literal>false</> (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Enhance <application>pg_config</> to be able to report more
-        build-time values (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>libpq</application> to be built thread-safe
-        on Windows (Dave Page)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow IPv6 connections to be used on Windows (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add Server Administration documentation about I/O subsystem
-        reliability (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Move private declarations from <filename>gist.h</filename> to
-        <filename>gist_private.h</filename> (Neil)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, <filename>gist.h</> contained both the
-        public GiST API (intended for use by authors of GiST index
-        implementations) as well as some private declarations used by
-        the implementation of GiST itself. The latter have been moved
-        to a separate file, <filename>gist_private.h</>. Most GiST
-        index implementations should be unaffected.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Overhaul GiST memory management (Neil)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        GiST methods are now always invoked in a short-lived memory
-        context. Therefore, memory allocated via <function>palloc()</>
-        will be reclaimed automatically, so GiST index implementations
-        do not need to manually release allocated memory via
-        <function>pfree()</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
-
-
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Contrib Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <filename>/contrib/pg_buffercache</> contrib module (Mark
-        Kirkwood)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This displays the contents of the buffer cache, for debugging and
-        performance tuning purposes.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <filename>/contrib/array</> because it is obsolete (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clean up the <filename>/contrib/lo</> module (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Move <filename>/contrib/findoidjoins</> to
-        <filename>/src/tools</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove the <literal>&lt;&lt</>, <literal>&gt;&gt;</>,
-        <literal>&amp;&lt</>, and <literal>&amp;&gt;</> operators from
-        <filename>/contrib/cube</>
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These operators were not useful.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <filename>/contrib/btree_gist</> (Janko Richter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <filename>/contrib/pgbench</> (Tomoaki Sato, Tatsuo)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        There is now a facility for testing with SQL command scripts given
-        by the user, instead of only a hard-wired command sequence.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> (Marko Kreen)
-       </para>
-
-       <itemizedlist>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Implementation of OpenPGP symmetric-key and public-key encryption
-         </para>
-         <para>
-          Both RSA and Elgamal public-key algorithms are supported.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Stand alone build: include SHA256/384/512 hashes, Fortuna PRNG
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          OpenSSL build: support 3DES, use internal AES with OpenSSL &lt; 0.9.7
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Take build parameters (OpenSSL, zlib) from <filename>configure</> result
-         </para>
-         <para>
-          There is no need to edit the <filename>Makefile</> anymore.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Remove support for <filename>libmhash</> and <filename>libmcrypt</>
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-       </itemizedlist>
-      </listitem>
-
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-14">
-   <title>Release 8.0.14</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.13.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the parameters to the <command>RAISE</> statement to be
+       expressions (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.14</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a loop <command>CONTINUE</> statement (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow block and loop labels (Pavel Stehule)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title>PL/Perl Server-Side Language Changes</title>
     <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
+       Allow large result sets to be returned efficiently (Abhijit
+       Menon-Sen)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows functions to use <function>return_next()</> to avoid
+       building the entire result set in memory.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+       Allow one-row-at-a-time retrieval of query results (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows functions to use <function>spi_query()</> and
+       <function>spi_fetchrow()</> to avoid accumulating the entire
+       result set in memory.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+       Force PL/Perl to handle strings as <literal>UTF8</> if the
+       server encoding is <literal>UTF8</> (David Kamholz)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
-       the syslogger process (Andrew)
+       Add a validator function for PL/Perl (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows syntax errors to be reported at definition time,
+       rather than execution time.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
+       Allow PL/Perl to return a Perl array when the function returns
+       an array type (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This basically maps <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> arrays
+       to Perl arrays.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
+       Allow Perl nonfatal warnings to generate <command>NOTICE</>
+       messages (Andrew)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
-       due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+       Allow Perl's <literal>strict</> mode to be enabled (Andrew)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
+       Add <command>\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK</> to allow statements in
+       a transaction to error without affecting the rest of the
+       transaction (Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is basically implemented by wrapping every statement in a
+       sub-transaction.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Windows socket improvements (Magnus)
+       Add support for <literal>\x</> hex strings in
+       <application>psql</> variables (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Octal escapes were already supported.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
-       because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
+       Add support for <command>troff -ms</> output format (Roger
+       Leigh)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+       Allow the history file location to be controlled by
+       <envar>HISTFILE</> (Andreas Seltenreich)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows configuration of per-database history storage.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-13">
-   <title>Release 8.0.13</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.12,
-    including a security fix.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.13</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Prevent <command>\x</> (expanded mode) from affecting
+       the output of <command>\d tablename</> (Neil)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>-L</> option to <application>psql</application> to
+       log sessions (Lorne Sunley)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This option was added because some operating systems do not have
+       simple command-line activity logging functionality.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Make <command>\d</> show the tablespaces of indexes (Qingqing
+       Zhou)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 8.0.10)
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>psql</application> help (<command>\h</>) to
+       make a best guess on the proper help information (Greg Sabino
+       Mullane)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows the user to just add <command>\h</> to the front of
+       the syntax error query and get help on the supported syntax.
+       Previously any additional query text beyond the command name
+       had to be removed to use <command>\h</>.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>\pset numericlocale</> to allow numbers to be
+       output in a locale-aware format (Eugen Nedelcu)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       For example, using <literal>C</> locale <literal>100000</> would
+       be output as <literal>100,000.0</> while a European locale might
+       output this value as <literal>100.000,0</>.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make startup banner show both server version number and
+       <application>psql</>'s version number, when they are different (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Also, a warning will be shown if the server and <application>psql</>
+       are from different major releases.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-12">
-   <title>Release 8.0.12</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
-   </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains one fix from 8.0.11.
-   </para>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.12</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>-n</> / <option>--schema</> switch to
+       <application>pg_restore</> (Richard van den Berg)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows just the objects in a specified schema to be restored.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump large objects even in
+       text mode (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       With this change, large objects are now always dumped; the former
+       <option>-b</> switch is a no-op.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump a consistent snapshot of
+       large objects (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Dump comments for large objects (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>--encoding</> to <application>pg_dump</>
+       (Magnus Hagander)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows a database to be dumped in an encoding that is
+       different from the server's encoding. This is valuable when
+       transferring the dump to a machine with a different encoding.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
-      functional indexes(Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Rely on <structname>pg_pltemplate</> for procedural languages (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       If the call handler for a procedural language is in the
+       <literal>pg_catalog</> schema, <application>pg_dump</> does not
+       dump the handler.  Instead, it dumps the language using just
+       <command>CREATE LANGUAGE <replaceable>name</></command>,
+       relying on the <structname>pg_pltemplate</> catalog to provide
+       the language's creation parameters at load time.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
     </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-11">
-   <title>Release 8.0.11</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.10, including
-    a security fix.
-   </para>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>libpq</application> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.11</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a <envar>PGPASSFILE</> environment variable to specify the
+       password file's filename (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>lo_create()</>, that is similar to
+       <function>lo_creat()</> but allows the OID of the large object
+       to be specified (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <application>libpq</application> consistently return an error
+       to the client application on <function>malloc()</function>
+       failure (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Source Code Changes</title>
     <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
-      function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
-      data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
-      errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Fix <application>pgxs</> to support building against a relocated
+       installation
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add spinlock support for the Itanium processor using Intel
+       compiler (Vikram Kalsi)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add Kerberos 5 support for Windows (Magnus)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add Chinese FAQ (laser@pgsqldb.com)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-10">
-   <title>Release 8.0.10</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Rename Rendezvous to Bonjour to match OS/X feature renaming
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>fsync_writethrough</literal> on
+       Darwin (Chris Campbell)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.9.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Streamline the passing of information within the server, the
+       optimizer, and the lock system (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.10</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>pg_config</> to be compiled using MSVC (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is required to build DBD::Pg using <application>MSVC</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove support for Kerberos V4 (Magnus)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Kerberos 4 had security vulnerabilities and is no longer
+       maintained.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Code cleanups (Coverity static analysis performed by
+       EnterpriseDB)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Modify <filename>postgresql.conf</> to use documentation defaults
+       <literal>on</>/<literal>off</> rather than
+       <literal>true</>/<literal>false</> (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Enhance <application>pg_config</> to be able to report more
+       build-time values (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+       Allow <application>libpq</application> to be built thread-safe
+       on Windows (Dave Page)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
-       among other things.
+       Allow IPv6 connections to be used on Windows (Andrew)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
-        <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add Server Administration documentation about I/O subsystem
+       reliability (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
-        gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Move private declarations from <filename>gist.h</filename> to
+       <filename>gist_private.h</filename> (Neil)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, <filename>gist.h</> contained both the
+       public GiST API (intended for use by authors of GiST index
+       implementations) as well as some private declarations used by
+       the implementation of GiST itself. The latter have been moved
+       to a separate file, <filename>gist_private.h</>. Most GiST
+       index implementations should be unaffected.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix possible deadlock in Windows signal handling (Teodor)
+       Overhaul GiST memory management (Neil)
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+       GiST methods are now always invoked in a short-lived memory
+       context. Therefore, memory allocated via <function>palloc()</>
+       will be reclaimed automatically, so GiST index implementations
+       do not need to manually release allocated memory via
+       <function>pfree()</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Contrib Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
-       empty elements (Tom)
+       Add <filename>/contrib/pg_buffercache</> contrib module (Mark
+       Kirkwood)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This displays the contents of the buffer cache, for debugging and
+       performance tuning purposes.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix ecpg memory leak during connection (Michael)
+       Remove <filename>/contrib/array</> because it is obsolete (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
-       are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
-       new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+       Clean up the <filename>/contrib/lo</> module (Tom)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
-       change the output of these functions.
+       Move <filename>/contrib/findoidjoins</> to
+       <filename>/src/tools</> (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+       Remove the <literal>&lt;&lt;</>, <literal>&gt;&gt;</>,
+       <literal>&amp;&lt;</>, and <literal>&amp;&gt;</> operators from
+       <filename>/contrib/cube</>
       </para>
-
       <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+       These operators were not useful.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Update timezone database
+       Improve <filename>/contrib/btree_gist</> (Janko Richter)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve <filename>/contrib/pgbench</> (Tomoaki Sato, Tatsuo)
+      </para>
       <para>
-       This affects Australian and Canadian daylight-savings rules in
-       particular.
+       There is now a facility for testing with SQL command scripts given
+       by the user, instead of only a hard-wired command sequence.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> (Marko Kreen)
+      </para>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+      <itemizedlist>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-9">
-   <title>Release 8.0.9</title>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Implementation of OpenPGP symmetric-key and public-key encryption
+        </para>
+        <para>
+         Both RSA and Elgamal public-key algorithms are supported.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Stand alone build: include SHA256/384/512 hashes, Fortuna PRNG
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.8.
-   </para>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         OpenSSL build: support 3DES, use internal AES with OpenSSL &lt; 0.9.7
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.9</title>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Take build parameters (OpenSSL, zlib) from <filename>configure</> result
+        </para>
+        <para>
+         There is no need to edit the <filename>Makefile</> anymore.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Remove support for <filename>libmhash</> and <filename>libmcrypt</>
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+      </itemizedlist>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix crash when referencing <literal>NEW</> row
-values in rule WHERE expressions (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
-ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix mishandling of AFTER triggers when query contains a SQL
-function returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER TABLE ... TYPE</> to recheck
-<literal>NOT NULL</> for <literal>USING</> clause (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
-  matches for the separator string</para>
-<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
-  <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
-  (Teodor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Numerous robustness fixes in <application>ecpg</> (Joachim
-Wieland)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix instability of statistics collection on Win32 (Tom, Andrew)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> and
-<productname>Intel</> compilers (Tom)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-15">
+  <title>Release 8.0.15</title>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-8">
-   <title>Release 8.0.8</title>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.14,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   This is the last 8.0.X release for which the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
+   community will produce binary packages for <productname>Windows</>.
+   Windows users are encouraged to move to 8.2.X or later,
+   since there are Windows-specific fixes in 8.2.X that
+   are impractical to back-port.  8.0.X will continue to
+   be supported on other platforms.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.15</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.7,
-    including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.8</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
-     CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
-     code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
-     into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
-     ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
-     most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
-     libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
-     <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
-     rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
-characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
-<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
-some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
-textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
-defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
-<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
-described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
-<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
-literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
-<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
-GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
-A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
-adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
-CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
-<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
-clients are insecure.
-</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
-aware of encoding considerations and
-<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
-<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
-issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
-them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
-Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
-concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
-<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
-for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
-do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
-routines instead.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Repair assorted bugs in the regular-expression package (Tom, Will Drewry)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
-<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>alt_to_iso</>,
-<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
-<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
-extents.
-</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      Suitably crafted regular-expression patterns could cause crashes,
+      infinite or near-infinite looping, and/or massive memory consumption,
+      all of which pose denial-of-service hazards for applications that
+      accept regex search patterns from untrustworthy sources.
+      (CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
-(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug that sometimes caused OR'd index scans to
-miss rows they should have returned</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      The fix that appeared for this in 8.0.14 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a btree index has been
-truncated</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update time zone data files to <application>tzdata</> release 2007k
+      (in particular, recent Argentina changes) (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
-<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix planner failure in some cases of <literal>WHERE false AND var IN
+      (SELECT ...)</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>SELECT INTO</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> to
-create tables in the default tablespace, not the base directory (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Preserve the tablespace of indexes that are
+      rebuilt by <command>ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
-Fuhr)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make archive recovery always start a new WAL timeline, rather than only
+      when a recovery stop time was used (Simon)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for Bonjour on Intel Macs (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This avoids a corner-case risk of trying to overwrite an existing
+      archived copy of the last WAL segment, and seems simpler and cleaner
+      than the original definition.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>VACUUM</> not use all of <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>
+      when the table is too small for it to be useful (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with password prompting on some Win32 systems
-(Robert Kinberg)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Perl to cope when platform's Perl defines type <literal>bool</>
+      as <literal>int</> rather than <literal>char</> (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-7">
-   <title>Release 8.0.7</title>
+     <para>
+      While this could theoretically happen anywhere, no standard build of
+      Perl did things this way ... until <productname>Mac OS X</> 10.5.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Python to not crash on long exception messages (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.6.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <application>pg_dump</> to correctly handle inheritance child tables
+      that have default expressions different from their parent's (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.7</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>ecpg</> parser fixes (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <type>tsvector</> and <type>tsquery</> output routines to
+      escape backslashes correctly (Teodor, Bruce)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash of <function>to_tsvector()</> on huge input strings (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix potential crash in <command>SET
-SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
-<para>An unprivileged user could crash the server process, resulting in
-momentary denial of service to other users, if the server has been compiled
-with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
-Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
-rows (Tom)</para>
-<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
-could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
-created in 8.0.4, 7.4.9, and 7.3.11 releases.
-</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
-exists</> errors during pg_clog and pg_subtrans file creation
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix cases that could lead to crashes if a cache-invalidation
-message arrives at just the wrong time (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
-<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-14">
+  <title>Release 8.0.14</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Ensure <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> will process
-<literal>FOREIGN KEY</>, <literal>UNIQUE</>, and <literal>PRIMARY KEY</>
-constraints in the proper order (Nakano Yoshihisa)</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Fixes to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
-references to custom operators or operator classes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.13.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_restore</> to continue properly after a
-<command>COPY</> failure; formerly it tried to treat the remaining
-<command>COPY</> data as SQL commands (Stephen Frost)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.14</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_ctl</> <literal>unregister</> crash
-when the  data directory is not specified (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>ecpg</> crash on AMD64 and PPC
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-<listitem><para>Recover properly if error occurs during argument passing
-in <application>PL/python</> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>PL/perl</>'s handling of locales on
-Win32 to match the backend (Andrew)</para></listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix crash when <literal>log_min_messages</> is set to
-<literal>DEBUG3</> or above in <filename>postgresql.conf</> on Win32
-(Bruce)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pgxs</> <literal>-L</> library path
-specification for Win32, Cygwin, OS X, AIX (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Check that SID is enabled while checking for Win32 admin
-privileges (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly reject out-of-range date inputs (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
+      the syslogger process (Andrew)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
-and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
+      due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-6">
-   <title>Release 8.0.6</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Windows socket improvements (Magnus)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.5.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
+      because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.6</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.3.
-     Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
-     columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
-     <application>plperl</> issues described below.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-13">
+  <title>Release 8.0.13</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix Windows code so that postmaster will continue rather
-than exit if there is no more room in ShmemBackendArray (Magnus)</para>
-<para>The previous behavior could lead to a denial-of-service situation if too
-many connection requests arrive close together.  This applies
-<emphasis>only</> to the Windows port.</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug introduced in 8.0 that could allow ReadBuffer
-to return an already-used page as new, potentially causing loss of
-recently-committed data (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.12,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
-outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.13</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
-different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
-<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns.</para></listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
-to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
-<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
-started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
-<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
-<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
-<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow more flexible relocation of installation
-directories (Tom)</para>
-<para>Previous releases supported relocation only if all installation
-directory paths were the same except for the last component.</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
-handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
-</para></listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Various fixes for functions returning <literal>RECORD</>s
-(Tom) </para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+     <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+     and operators (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+     truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+     an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+     with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+     See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
-which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
-XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
-<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
-rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
-what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+     <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 8.0.10)
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-5">
-   <title>Release 8.0.5</title>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
-   </note>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-12">
+  <title>Release 8.0.12</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains one fix from 8.0.11.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.12</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.4.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.5</title>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.3.
+     Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
+     functional indexes(Tom)
     </para>
-   </sect2>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition in transaction log management</para>
-<para>There was a narrow window in which an I/O operation could be initiated
-for the wrong page, leading to an Assert failure or data
-corruption.</para>
-</listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-11">
+  <title>Release 8.0.11</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bgwriter problems after recovering from errors
-(Tom)</para>
-<para>
-The background writer was found to leak buffer pins after write errors.
-While not fatal in itself, this might lead to mysterious blockages of
-later VACUUM commands.
-</para>
-</listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
-when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.10, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/ltree</> fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.11</title>
 
-<listitem><para>AIX and HPUX compile fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Retry file reads and writes after Windows
-NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES error (Qingqing Zhou)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix intermittent failure when <varname>log_line_prefix</>
-includes <literal>%i</></para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>psql</> performance issue with long scripts
-on Windows (Merlin Moncure)</para></listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix missing updates of <filename>pg_group</> flat
-file</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
+     to read backend memory (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
+     function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
+     data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
+     errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+     principle might be used to read database content that the user
+     should not be able to access.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding planning error for outer joins</para>
-<para>This bug sometimes caused a bogus error <quote>RIGHT JOIN is
-only supported with merge-joinable join conditions</>.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+     due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Postpone timezone initialization until after
-<filename>postmaster.pid</> is created</para>
-<para>This avoids confusing startup scripts that expect the pid file to appear
-quickly.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent core dump in <application>pg_autovacuum</> when a
-table has been dropped</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+     over three bytes long (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with whole-row references (<literal>foo.*</>)
-to subquery results</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-4">
-   <title>Release 8.0.4</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-10">
+  <title>Release 8.0.10</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.9.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.10</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.3.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.4</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.3.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
-<literal>ctid</> chains too soon, and add more checking in code that follows
-<literal>ctid</> links</para>
-<para>This fixes a long-standing problem that could cause crashes in very rare
-circumstances.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <type>CHAR()</> to properly pad spaces to the specified
-length when using a multiple-byte character set (Yoshiyuki Asaba)</para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
+      among other things.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
+       <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
+       gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix possible deadlock in Windows signal handling (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
+      empty elements (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix ecpg memory leak during connection (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
+      are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
+      new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
+      change the output of these functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update timezone database
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This affects Australian and Canadian daylight-savings rules in
+      particular.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-9">
+  <title>Release 8.0.9</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.8.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.9</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix crash when referencing <literal>NEW</> row
+values in rule WHERE expressions (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
+ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix mishandling of AFTER triggers when query contains a SQL
+function returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER TABLE ... TYPE</> to recheck
+<literal>NOT NULL</> for <literal>USING</> clause (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
+ matches for the separator string</para>
+<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
+ <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
+ (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Numerous robustness fixes in <application>ecpg</> (Joachim
+Wieland)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix instability of statistics collection on Win32 (Tom, Andrew)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> and
+<productname>Intel</> compilers (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-8">
+  <title>Release 8.0.8</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.7,
+   including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.8</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
+    CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
+    code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
+    into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
+    ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
+    most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
+    libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
+    <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
+    rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
+characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
+<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
+some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
+textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
+defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
+<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
+described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
+<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
+literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
+<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
+GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
+A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
+adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
+CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
+<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
+clients are insecure.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
+aware of encoding considerations and
+<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
+<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
+issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
+them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
+Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
+concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
+<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
+for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
+do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
+routines instead.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
+<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>alt_to_iso</>,
+<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
+<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
+extents.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
+(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug that sometimes caused OR'd index scans to
+miss rows they should have returned</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a btree index has been
+truncated</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
+<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>SELECT INTO</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> to
+create tables in the default tablespace, not the base directory (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
+Fuhr)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix for Bonjour on Intel Macs (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with password prompting on some Win32 systems
+(Robert Kinberg)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-7">
+  <title>Release 8.0.7</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.6.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.7</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix potential crash in <command>SET
+SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
+<para>An unprivileged user could crash the server process, resulting in
+momentary denial of service to other users, if the server has been compiled
+with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
+Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
+rows (Tom)</para>
+<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
+could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
+created in 8.0.4, 7.4.9, and 7.3.11 releases.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
+exists</> errors during pg_clog and pg_subtrans file creation
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix cases that could lead to crashes if a cache-invalidation
+message arrives at just the wrong time (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
+<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Ensure <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> will process
+<literal>FOREIGN KEY</>, <literal>UNIQUE</>, and <literal>PRIMARY KEY</>
+constraints in the proper order (Nakano Yoshihisa)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fixes to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
+references to custom operators or operator classes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_restore</> to continue properly after a
+<command>COPY</> failure; formerly it tried to treat the remaining
+<command>COPY</> data as SQL commands (Stephen Frost)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_ctl</> <literal>unregister</> crash
+when the  data directory is not specified (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>ecpg</> crash on AMD64 and PPC
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Recover properly if error occurs during argument passing
+in <application>PL/python</> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>PL/perl</>'s handling of locales on
+Win32 to match the backend (Andrew)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix crash when <literal>log_min_messages</> is set to
+<literal>DEBUG3</> or above in <filename>postgresql.conf</> on Win32
+(Bruce)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pgxs</> <literal>-L</> library path
+specification for Win32, Cygwin, OS X, AIX (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Check that SID is enabled while checking for Win32 admin
+privileges (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Properly reject out-of-range date inputs (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
+and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-6">
+  <title>Release 8.0.6</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.5.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.6</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.3.
+    Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
+    columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
+    <application>plperl</> issues described below.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix Windows code so that postmaster will continue rather
+than exit if there is no more room in ShmemBackendArray (Magnus)</para>
+<para>The previous behavior could lead to a denial-of-service situation if too
+many connection requests arrive close together.  This applies
+<emphasis>only</> to the Windows port.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug introduced in 8.0 that could allow ReadBuffer
+to return an already-used page as new, potentially causing loss of
+recently-committed data (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
+outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
+different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
+<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
+to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
+<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
+started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
+<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
+<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
+<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Allow more flexible relocation of installation
+directories (Tom)</para>
+<para>Previous releases supported relocation only if all installation
+directory paths were the same except for the last component.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
+handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Various fixes for functions returning <literal>RECORD</>s
+(Tom) </para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
+which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
+XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
+<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
+rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
+what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-5">
+  <title>Release 8.0.5</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.4.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.5</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.3.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition in transaction log management</para>
+<para>There was a narrow window in which an I/O operation could be initiated
+for the wrong page, leading to an Assert failure or data
+corruption.</para>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bgwriter problems after recovering from errors
+(Tom)</para>
+<para>
+The background writer was found to leak buffer pins after write errors.
+While not fatal in itself, this might lead to mysterious blockages of
+later VACUUM commands.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
+when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/ltree</> fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>AIX and HPUX compile fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Retry file reads and writes after Windows
+NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES error (Qingqing Zhou)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix intermittent failure when <varname>log_line_prefix</>
+includes <literal>%i</></para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>psql</> performance issue with long scripts
+on Windows (Merlin Moncure)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix missing updates of <filename>pg_group</> flat
+file</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding planning error for outer joins</para>
+<para>This bug sometimes caused a bogus error <quote>RIGHT JOIN is
+only supported with merge-joinable join conditions</>.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Postpone timezone initialization until after
+<filename>postmaster.pid</> is created</para>
+<para>This avoids confusing startup scripts that expect the pid file to appear
+quickly.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Prevent core dump in <application>pg_autovacuum</> when a
+table has been dropped</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with whole-row references (<literal>foo.*</>)
+to subquery results</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-4">
+  <title>Release 8.0.4</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.3.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.4</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.3.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
+<literal>ctid</> chains too soon, and add more checking in code that follows
+<literal>ctid</> links</para>
+<para>This fixes a long-standing problem that could cause crashes in very rare
+circumstances.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <type>CHAR()</> to properly pad spaces to the specified
+length when using a multiple-byte character set (Yoshiyuki Asaba)</para>
 <para>In prior releases, the padding of <type>CHAR()</> was incorrect
 because it only padded to the specified number of bytes without
 considering how many characters were stored.</para></listitem>
@@ -4116,68 +4580,68 @@ intervals over 2000 sec</para></listitem>
 code</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-3">
-   <title>Release 8.0.3</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-3">
+  <title>Release 8.0.3</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.2, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.2, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.3</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.3</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     it is one possible way of handling two significant security problems
-     that have been found in the initial contents of 8.0.X system
-     catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 8.0.3's initdb will
-     automatically correct these problems.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    it is one possible way of handling two significant security problems
+    that have been found in the initial contents of 8.0.X system
+    catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 8.0.3's initdb will
+    automatically correct these problems.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The larger security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
-     conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
-     users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
-     secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
-     the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
-     be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
-     by the encoding conversion machinery.)
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    The larger security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
+    conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
+    users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
+    secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
+    the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
+    be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
+    by the encoding conversion machinery.)
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The lesser problem is that the <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> module
-     creates several functions that are improperly declared to return
-     <type>internal</> when they do not accept <type>internal</> arguments.
-     This breaks type safety for all functions using <type>internal</>
-     arguments.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    The lesser problem is that the <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> module
+    creates several functions that are improperly declared to return
+    <type>internal</> when they do not accept <type>internal</> arguments.
+    This breaks type safety for all functions using <type>internal</>
+    arguments.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     It is strongly recommended that all installations repair these errors,
-     either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
-     below.  The errors at least allow unprivileged database users to crash
-     their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
-     privileges of a database superuser.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    It is strongly recommended that all installations repair these errors,
+    either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
+    below.  The errors at least allow unprivileged database users to crash
+    their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
+    privileges of a database superuser.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the same manual repair
-     procedures shown in the <link linkend="release-7-4-8">7.4.8 release
-     notes</link>.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the same manual repair
+    procedures shown in the <link linkend="release-7-4-8">7.4.8 release
+    notes</link>.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
@@ -4234,6100 +4698,6364 @@ firing deferred triggers during transaction commit</para></listitem>
 data types</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-2">
-   <title>Release 8.0.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-2">
+  <title>Release 8.0.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-04-07</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-04-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.1.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.1.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.2</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.2</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.*.
-     This release updates the major version number of the
-     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries, so it might be
-     necessary to re-link some user applications if they cannot
-     find the properly-numbered shared library.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.*.
+    This release updates the major version number of the
+    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries, so it might be
+    necessary to re-link some user applications if they cannot
+    find the properly-numbered shared library.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Increment the major version number of all interface
- libraries (Bruce)</para>
+libraries (Bruce)</para>
 <para>
- This should have been done in 8.0.0.  It is required so 7.4.X versions
- of PostgreSQL client applications, like <application>psql</>,
- can be used on the same machine as 8.0.X applications.  This might require
- re-linking user applications that use these libraries.
+This should have been done in 8.0.0.  It is required so 7.4.X versions
+of PostgreSQL client applications, like <application>psql</>,
+can be used on the same machine as 8.0.X applications.  This might require
+re-linking user applications that use these libraries.
 </para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add Windows-only <varname>wal_sync_method</> setting of
- <option>fsync_writethrough</> (Magnus, Bruce)</para>
+<option>fsync_writethrough</> (Magnus, Bruce)</para>
 <para>
- This setting causes <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to write through
- any disk-drive write cache when writing to WAL.
- This behavior was formerly called <option>fsync</>, but was
- renamed because it acts quite differently from <option>fsync</> on other
- platforms.
+This setting causes <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to write through
+any disk-drive write cache when writing to WAL.
+This behavior was formerly called <option>fsync</>, but was
+renamed because it acts quite differently from <option>fsync</> on other
+platforms.
 </para>
 </listitem>
 <listitem><para>Enable the <varname>wal_sync_method</> setting of
- <option>open_datasync</> on Windows, and make it the default for that
-  platform (Magnus, Bruce)</para>
+<option>open_datasync</> on Windows, and make it the default for that
+ platform (Magnus, Bruce)</para>
 <para>
- Because the default is no longer <option>fsync_writethrough</>,
- data loss is possible during a power failure if the disk drive has
- write caching enabled. To turn off the write cache on Windows,
- from the <application>Device Manager</>, choose the drive properties,
- then <literal>Policies</>.
+Because the default is no longer <option>fsync_writethrough</>,
+data loss is possible during a power failure if the disk drive has
+write caching enabled. To turn off the write cache on Windows,
+from the <application>Device Manager</>, choose the drive properties,
+then <literal>Policies</>.
 </para>
 </listitem>
 <listitem><para>New cache management algorithm <acronym>2Q</> replaces
- <acronym>ARC</> (Tom)</para>
+<acronym>ARC</> (Tom)</para>
 <para>
- This was done to avoid a pending US patent on <acronym>ARC</>.  The
- <acronym>2Q</> code might be a few percentage points slower than
- <acronym>ARC</> for some work loads.  A better cache management algorithm
- will appear in 8.1.
+This was done to avoid a pending US patent on <acronym>ARC</>.  The
+<acronym>2Q</> code might be a few percentage points slower than
+<acronym>ARC</> for some work loads.  A better cache management algorithm
+will appear in 8.1.
 </para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Planner adjustments to improve behavior on freshly-created
 tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow plpgsql to assign to an element of an array that is
 initially <literal>NULL</> (Tom)</para>
 <para>
- Formerly the array would remain <literal>NULL</>, but now it becomes a
- single-element array.  The main SQL engine was changed to handle
- <command>UPDATE</> of a null array value this way in 8.0, but the similar
- case in plpgsql was overlooked.
+Formerly the array would remain <literal>NULL</>, but now it becomes a
+single-element array.  The main SQL engine was changed to handle
+<command>UPDATE</> of a null array value this way in 8.0, but the similar
+case in plpgsql was overlooked.
 </para>
 </listitem>
 <listitem><para>Convert <literal>\r\n</> and <literal>\r</> to <literal>\n</>
 in plpython function bodies (Michael Fuhr)</para>
 <para>
-  This prevents syntax errors when plpython code is written on a Windows or
-  Mac client.
+ This prevents syntax errors when plpython code is written on a Windows or
+ Mac client.
 </para>
 </listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow SPI cursors to handle utility commands that return rows,
 such as <command>EXPLAIN</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <command>CLUSTER</> failure after <command>ALTER TABLE
- SET WITHOUT OIDS</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+SET WITHOUT OIDS</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage of <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</>
- (Neil)</para></listitem>
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Document the Windows-only <literal>register</> and
 <literal>unregister</> options of <application>pg_ctl</> (Magnus)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Ensure operations done during backend shutdown are counted by
 statistics collector</para>
 <para>
- This is expected to resolve reports of <application>pg_autovacuum</>
- not vacuuming the system catalogs often enough &mdash; it was not being
- told about catalog deletions caused by temporary table removal during
- backend exit.
+This is expected to resolve reports of <application>pg_autovacuum</>
+not vacuuming the system catalogs often enough &mdash; it was not being
+told about catalog deletions caused by temporary table removal during
+backend exit.
 </para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Change the Windows default for configuration parameter
- <varname>log_destination</> to <option>eventlog</> (Magnus)</para>
+<varname>log_destination</> to <option>eventlog</> (Magnus)</para>
 <para>
- By default, a server running on Windows will now send log output to the
- Windows event logger rather than standard error.
+By default, a server running on Windows will now send log output to the
+Windows event logger rather than standard error.
 </para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make Kerberos authentication work on Windows (Magnus)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow <command>ALTER DATABASE RENAME</> by superusers
- who aren't flagged as having CREATEDB privilege (Tom)</para></listitem>
+who aren't flagged as having CREATEDB privilege (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Modify WAL log entries for <command>CREATE</> and
 <command>DROP DATABASE</> to not specify absolute paths (Tom)</para>
- <para>This allows point-in-time recovery on a different machine with possibly
- different database location.  Note that <command>CREATE TABLESPACE</> still
- poses a hazard in such situations.
+<para>This allows point-in-time recovery on a different machine with possibly
+different database location.  Note that <command>CREATE TABLESPACE</> still
+poses a hazard in such situations.
 </para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix crash from a backend exiting with an open transaction
- that created a table and opened a cursor on it (Tom)</para></listitem>
+that created a table and opened a cursor on it (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <function>array_map()</> so it can call PL functions
- (Tom)</para></listitem>
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> and
 <filename>contrib/btree_gist</> fixes (Teodor)
- </para></listitem>
+</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix crash of some <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</>
- functions on some platforms (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
+functions on some platforms (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/intagg</> for 64-bit platforms
- (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix ecpg bugs in parsing of <command>CREATE</> statement
- (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Work around gcc bug on powerpc and amd64 causing problems in
- ecpg (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Do not use locale-aware versions of <function>upper()</>,
- <function>lower()</>, and <function>initcap()</> when the locale is
- <literal>C</> (Bruce)</para>
-<para>
-  This allows these functions to work on platforms that generate errors
-  for non-7-bit data when the locale is <literal>C</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>quote_ident()</> to quote names that match keywords (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>to_date()</> to behave reasonably when
- <literal>CC</> and <literal>YY</> fields are both used (Karel)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent <function>to_char(interval)</> from failing
- when given a zero-month interval (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix wrong week returned by <function>date_trunc('week')</>
-(Bruce)</para>
-<para>
- <function>date_trunc('week')</>
- returned the wrong year for the first few days of January in some years.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Use the correct default mask length for class <literal>D</>
- addresses in <type>INET</> data types (Tom)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-1">
-   <title>Release 8.0.1</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.0, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.1</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.0.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
-<para>
-On platforms that will automatically execute initialization functions of a
-shared library (this includes at least Windows and ELF-based Unixen),
-<command>LOAD</> can be used to make the server execute arbitrary code.
-Thanks to NGS Software for reporting this.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Check that creator of an aggregate function has the right to
-execute the specified transition functions</para>
-<para>
-This oversight made it possible to bypass denial of EXECUTE
-permission on a function.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix security and 64-bit issues in
-contrib/intagg</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Add needed STRICT marking to some contrib functions (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid buffer overrun when plpgsql cursor declaration has too
-many parameters (Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</> enforce domain
-constraints in all cases</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix planning error for FULL and RIGHT outer joins</para>
-<para>
-The result of the join was mistakenly supposed to be sorted the same as the
-left input.  This could not only deliver mis-sorted output to the user, but
-in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve planning of grouped aggregate queries</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><command>ROLLBACK TO <replaceable>savepoint</></command>
-closes cursors created since the savepoint</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix inadequate backend stack size on Windows</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid SHGetSpecialFolderPath() on Windows
-(Magnus)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix some problems in running pg_autovacuum as a Windows
-service (Dave Page)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Multiple minor bug fixes in
-pg_dump/pg_restore</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix ecpg segfault with named structs used in
-typedefs (Michael)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0">
-   <title>Release 8.0</title>
-
-   <note>
-    <title>Release date</title>
-    <simpara>2005-01-19</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Overview</title>
-
-    <para>
-     Major changes in this release:
-    </para>
-
-    <variablelist>
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Microsoft Windows Native Server
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        This is the first <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> release
-        to run natively on <trademark class=registered>Microsoft Windows</> as
-        a server. It can run as a <productname>Windows</> service. This
-        release supports NT-based Windows releases like
-        <productname>Windows 2000 SP4</>, <productname>Windows XP</>, and
-        <productname>Windows 2003</>. Older releases like
-        <productname>Windows 95</>, <productname>Windows 98</>, and
-        <productname>Windows ME</> are not supported because these operating
-        systems do not have the infrastructure to support
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. A separate installer
-        project has been created to ease installation on
-        <productname>Windows</> &mdash; see <ulink
-        url="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/win32/"></ulink>.
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        Although tested throughout our release cycle, the Windows port
-        does not have the benefit of years of use in production
-        environments that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has on
-        Unix platforms.  Therefore it should be treated with the same
-        level of caution as you would a new product.
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        Previous releases required the Unix emulation toolkit
-        <productname>Cygwin</> in order to run the server on Windows
-        operating systems.  <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has
-        supported native clients on Windows for many years.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Savepoints
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Savepoints allow specific parts of a transaction to be aborted
-        without affecting the remainder of the transaction. Prior
-        releases had no such capability; there was no way to recover
-        from a statement failure within a transaction except by
-        aborting the whole transaction. This feature is valuable for
-        application writers who require error recovery within a
-        complex transaction.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Point-In-Time Recovery
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases there was no way to recover from disk
-        drive failure except to restore from a previous backup or use
-        a standby replication server.  Point-in-time recovery allows
-        continuous backup of the server.  You can recover either to
-        the point of failure or to some transaction in the past.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Tablespaces
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Tablespaces allow administrators to select different file systems
-        for storage of individual tables, indexes, and databases.
-        This improves performance and control over disk space
-        usage. Prior releases used <application>initlocation</> and
-        manual symlink management for such tasks.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Improved Buffer Management, <command>CHECKPOINT</command>,
-       <command>VACUUM</command>
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        This release has a more intelligent buffer replacement strategy,
-        which will make better use of available shared buffers and
-        improve performance. The performance impact of vacuum and
-        checkpoints is also lessened.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Change Column Types
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        A column's data type can now be changed with <command>ALTER
-        TABLE</command>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       New Perl Server-Side Language
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        A new version of the <application>plperl</> server-side language now
-        supports a persistent shared storage area, triggers, returning records
-        and arrays of records, and SPI calls to access the database.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-        Comma-separated-value (CSV) support in <command>COPY</command>
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>COPY</command> can now read and write
-        comma-separated-value files. It has the flexibility to
-        interpret nonstandard quoting and separation characters too.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-    </variablelist>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
-     required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
-     release.
-    </para>
-
-    <para>
-     Observe the following incompatibilities:
-    </para>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In <option>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
-       now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
-       beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
-       beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Functions declared <option>STABLE</> or <option>IMMUTABLE</> always
-       use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
-       effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
-       their own transaction or other transactions.  Such a function must be
-       read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
-       <command>SELECT</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Nondeferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
-       after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
-       finishing the current interactive command. This makes a
-       difference when the triggering query occurred within a function:
-       the trigger is invoked before the function proceeds to its next
-       operation.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameters <varname>virtual_host</> and
-       <varname>tcpip_socket</> have been replaced with a more general
-       parameter <varname>listen_addresses</>. Also, the server now listens on
-       <literal>localhost</> by default, which eliminates the need for the
-       <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
-       <varname>VacuumMem</> have been renamed to <varname>work_mem</>
-       and <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> to better reflect their
-       use. The original names are still supported in
-       <command>SET</command> and <command>SHOW</command>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
-       <varname>log_timestamp</>, and <varname>log_source_port</> have been
-       replaced with a more general parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameter <varname>syslog</> has been
-       replaced with a more logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to
-       control the log output destination.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> has been
-       changed so it can selectively log just database modification or
-       data definition statements.  Server configuration parameter
-       <varname>log_duration</> now prints only when <varname>log_statement</>
-       prints the query.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameter <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter has
-       been replaced with <varname>max_stack_depth</> which measures the
-       physical stack size rather than the expression nesting depth. This
-       helps prevent session termination due to stack overflow caused by
-       recursive functions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The <function>length()</> function no longer counts trailing spaces in
-       <type>CHAR(n)</> values.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix ecpg bugs in parsing of <command>CREATE</> statement
+(Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Work around gcc bug on powerpc and amd64 causing problems in
+ecpg (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Do not use locale-aware versions of <function>upper()</>,
+<function>lower()</>, and <function>initcap()</> when the locale is
+<literal>C</> (Bruce)</para>
+<para>
+ This allows these functions to work on platforms that generate errors
+ for non-7-bit data when the locale is <literal>C</>.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>quote_ident()</> to quote names that match keywords (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>to_date()</> to behave reasonably when
+<literal>CC</> and <literal>YY</> fields are both used (Karel)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <function>to_char(interval)</> from failing
+when given a zero-month interval (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix wrong week returned by <function>date_trunc('week')</>
+(Bruce)</para>
+<para>
+<function>date_trunc('week')</>
+returned the wrong year for the first few days of January in some years.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Use the correct default mask length for class <literal>D</>
+addresses in <type>INET</> data types (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits of the
-      integer, not the leftmost N bits as before.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Updating an element or slice of a NULL array value now produces
-      a nonnull array result, namely an array containing
-      just the assigned-to positions.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-1">
+  <title>Release 8.0.1</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Syntax checking of array input values has been tightened up
-       considerably. Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with
-       odd results now causes an error. Empty-string element values
-       must now be written as <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing.
-       Also changed behavior with respect to whitespace surrounding
-       array elements: trailing whitespace is now ignored, for symmetry
-       with leading whitespace (which has always been ignored).
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected and
-       reported as an error.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.0, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
-       <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.1</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The <function>extract()</> function (also called
-       <function>date_part</>) now returns the proper year for BC dates.
-       It previously returned one less than the correct year. The
-       function now also returns the proper values for millennium and
-       century.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.0.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <type>CIDR</> values now must have their nonmasked bits be zero.
-      For example, we no longer allow
-      <literal>204.248.199.1/31</literal> as a <type>CIDR</> value. Such
-      values should never have been accepted by
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and will now be rejected.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <command>EXECUTE</command> now returns a completion tag that
-       matches the executed statement.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
+<para>
+On platforms that will automatically execute initialization functions of a
+shared library (this includes at least Windows and ELF-based Unixen),
+<command>LOAD</> can be used to make the server execute arbitrary code.
+Thanks to NGS Software for reporting this.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Check that creator of an aggregate function has the right to
+execute the specified transition functions</para>
+<para>
+This oversight made it possible to bypass denial of EXECUTE
+permission on a function.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix security and 64-bit issues in
+contrib/intagg</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Add needed STRICT marking to some contrib functions (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid buffer overrun when plpgsql cursor declaration has too
+many parameters (Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</> enforce domain
+constraints in all cases</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix planning error for FULL and RIGHT outer joins</para>
+<para>
+The result of the join was mistakenly supposed to be sorted the same as the
+left input.  This could not only deliver mis-sorted output to the user, but
+in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve planning of grouped aggregate queries</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><command>ROLLBACK TO <replaceable>savepoint</></command>
+closes cursors created since the savepoint</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix inadequate backend stack size on Windows</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid SHGetSpecialFolderPath() on Windows
+(Magnus)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix some problems in running pg_autovacuum as a Windows
+service (Dave Page)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Multiple minor bug fixes in
+pg_dump/pg_restore</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix ecpg segfault with named structs used in
+typedefs (Michael)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <application>psql</>'s <command>\copy</> command now reads or
-       writes to the query's <literal>stdin/stdout</>, rather than
-       <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin/stdout</>. The previous
-       behavior can be accessed via new
-       <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> parameters.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-      The JDBC client interface has been removed from the core
-      distribution, and is now hosted at <ulink url=
-      "http://jdbc.postgresql.org"></ulink>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0">
+  <title>Release 8.0</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-      The Tcl client interface has also been removed. There are several
-      Tcl interfaces now hosted at <ulink url=
-      "http://gborg.postgresql.org"></ulink>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <note>
+   <title>Release date</title>
+   <simpara>2005-01-19</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The server now uses its own time zone database, rather than the
-       one supplied by the operating system. This will provide consistent
-       behavior across all platforms.  In most cases, there should be
-       little noticeable difference in time zone behavior, except that
-       the time zone names used by <command>SET</>/<command>SHOW</>
-       <varname>TimeZone</> might be different from what your platform provides.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Overview</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <application>Configure</>'s threading option no longer requires
-       users to run tests or edit configuration files; threading options
-       are now detected automatically.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Major changes in this release:
+   </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Now that tablespaces have been implemented,
-       <application>initlocation</> has been removed.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Microsoft Windows Native Server
+     </term>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       The API for user-defined GiST indexes has been changed. The
-       Union and PickSplit methods are now passed a pointer to a
-       special <structname>GistEntryVector</structname> structure,
-       rather than a <type>bytea</type>.
+       This is the first <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> release
+       to run natively on <trademark class="registered">Microsoft Windows</> as
+       a server. It can run as a <productname>Windows</> service. This
+       release supports NT-based Windows releases like
+       <productname>Windows 2000 SP4</>, <productname>Windows XP</>, and
+       <productname>Windows 2003</>. Older releases like
+       <productname>Windows 95</>, <productname>Windows 98</>, and
+       <productname>Windows ME</> are not supported because these operating
+       systems do not have the infrastructure to support
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. A separate installer
+       project has been created to ease installation on
+       <productname>Windows</> &mdash; see <ulink
+       url="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/win32/"></ulink>.
       </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
-
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Deprecated Features</title>
-
-   <para>
-     Some aspects of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s behavior
-     have been determined to be suboptimal. For the sake of backward
-     compatibility these have not been removed in 8.0, but they are
-     considered deprecated and will be removed in the next major
-     release.
-     </para>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
-     <listitem>
       <para>
-       The 8.1 release will remove the <function>to_char()</> function
-       for intervals.
+       Although tested throughout our release cycle, the Windows port
+       does not have the benefit of years of use in production
+       environments that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has on
+       Unix platforms.  Therefore it should be treated with the same
+       level of caution as you would a new product.
       </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        The server now warns of empty strings passed to
-        <type>oid</type>/<type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> data
-        types, but continues to interpret them as zeroes as before.
-        In the next major release, empty strings will be considered
-        invalid input for these data types.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
       <para>
-       By default, tables in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.0
-       and earlier are created with <type>OID</>s. In the next release,
-       this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the case: to create a table
-       that contains <type>OID</>s, the <option>WITH OIDS</> clause must
-       be specified or the <varname>default_with_oids</varname>
-       configuration parameter must be set. Users are encouraged to
-       explicitly specify <option>WITH OIDS</> if their tables
-       require OIDs for compatibility with future releases of
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+       Previous releases required the Unix emulation toolkit
+       <productname>Cygwin</> in order to run the server on Windows
+       operating systems.  <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has
+       supported native clients on Windows for many years.
       </para>
      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <para>
-     Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
-     release 8.0 and the previous major release.
-    </para>
-
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Performance Improvements</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support cross-data-type index usage (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Before this change, many queries would not use an index if the data
-        types did not match exactly. This improvement makes index usage more
-        intuitive and consistent.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New buffer replacement strategy that improves caching (Jan)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prior releases used a least-recently-used (LRU) cache to keep
-        recently referenced pages in memory. The LRU algorithm
-        did not consider the number of times a specific cache entry was
-        accessed, so large table scans could force out useful cache pages.
-        The new cache algorithm uses four separate lists to track most
-        recently used and most frequently used cache pages and dynamically
-        optimize their replacement based on the work load. This should
-        lead to much more efficient use of the shared buffer cache.
-        Administrators who have tested shared buffer sizes in the past
-        should retest with this new cache replacement policy.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add subprocess to write dirty buffers periodically to reduce
-        checkpoint writes (Jan)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, the checkpoint process, which runs every few
-        minutes, would write all dirty buffers to the operating system's
-        buffer cache then flush all dirty operating system buffers to
-        disk. This resulted in a periodic spike in disk usage that often
-        hurt performance. The new code uses a background writer to trickle
-        disk writes at a steady pace so checkpoints have far fewer dirty
-        pages to write to disk. Also, the new code does not issue a global
-        <function>sync()</> call, but instead <function>fsync()</>s just
-        the files written since the last checkpoint. This should improve
-        performance and minimize degradation during checkpoints.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add ability to prolong vacuum to reduce performance impact (Jan)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        On busy systems, <command>VACUUM</command> performs many I/O
-        requests which can hurt performance for other users. This
-        release allows you to slow down <command>VACUUM</command> to
-        reduce its impact on other users, though this increases the
-        total duration of <command>VACUUM</command>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve B-tree index performance for duplicate keys (Dmitry Tkach, Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This improves the way indexes are scanned when many duplicate
-        values exist in the index.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use dynamically-generated table size estimates while planning (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Formerly the planner estimated table sizes using the values seen
-        by the last <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>,
-        both as to physical table size (number of pages) and number of rows.
-        Now, the current physical table size is obtained from the kernel,
-        and the number of rows is estimated by multiplying the table size
-        by the row density (rows per page) seen by the last
-        <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>.  This should
-        produce more reliable estimates in cases where the table size has
-        changed significantly since the last housekeeping command.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improved index usage with <literal>OR</> clauses (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows the optimizer to use indexes in statements with many OR
-        clauses that would not have been indexed in the past.  It can also use
-        multi-column indexes where the first column is specified and the second
-        column is part of an <literal>OR</> clause.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve matching of partial index clauses (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The server is now smarter about using partial indexes in queries
-        involving complex <option>WHERE</> clauses.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve performance of the GEQO optimizer (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The GEQO optimizer is used to plan queries involving many tables (by
-        default, twelve or more). This release speeds up the way queries are
-        analyzed to decrease time spent in optimization.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Miscellaneous optimizer improvements
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        There is not room here to list all the minor improvements made, but
-        numerous special cases work better than in prior releases.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve lookup speed for C functions (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This release uses a hash table to lookup information for dynamically
-        loaded C functions. This improves their speed so they perform nearly as
-        quickly as functions that are built into the server executable.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add type-specific <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics
-        capability (Mark Cave-Ayland)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This feature allows more flexibility in generating statistics
-        for nonstandard data types.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>ANALYZE</command> now collects statistics for
-        expression indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Expression indexes (also called functional indexes) allow users to
-        index not just columns but the results of expressions and function
-        calls. With this release, the optimizer can gather and use statistics
-        about the contents of expression indexes.  This will greatly improve
-        the quality of planning for queries in which an expression index is
-        relevant.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Savepoints
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New two-stage sampling method for <command>ANALYZE</command>
-        (Manfred Koizar)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This gives better statistics when the density of valid rows is very
-        different in different regions of a table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Savepoints allow specific parts of a transaction to be aborted
+       without affecting the remainder of the transaction. Prior
+       releases had no such capability; there was no way to recover
+       from a statement failure within a transaction except by
+       aborting the whole transaction. This feature is valuable for
+       application writers who require error recovery within a
+       complex transaction.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Speed up <command>TRUNCATE</command> (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This buys back some of the performance loss observed in 7.4, while still
-        keeping <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Point-In-Time Recovery
+     </term>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases there was no way to recover from disk
+       drive failure except to restore from a previous backup or use
+       a standby replication server.  Point-in-time recovery allows
+       continuous backup of the server.  You can recover either to
+       the point of failure or to some transaction in the past.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Tablespaces
+     </term>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Server Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Tablespaces allow administrators to select different file systems
+       for storage of individual tables, indexes, and databases.
+       This improves performance and control over disk space
+       usage. Prior releases used <application>initlocation</> and
+       manual symlink management for such tasks.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add WAL file archiving and point-in-time recovery (Simon Riggs)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Improved Buffer Management, <command>CHECKPOINT</command>,
+      <command>VACUUM</command>
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add tablespaces so admins can control disk layout (Gavin)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This release has a more intelligent buffer replacement strategy,
+       which will make better use of available shared buffers and
+       improve performance. The performance impact of vacuum and
+       checkpoints is also lessened.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a built-in log rotation program (Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        It is now possible to log server messages conveniently without
-        relying on either <application>syslog</> or an external log
-        rotation program.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Change Column Types
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new read-only server configuration parameters to show server
-        compile-time settings: <varname>block_size</>,
-        <varname>integer_datetimes</>, <varname>max_function_args</>,
-        <varname>max_identifier_length</>, <varname>max_index_keys</>  (Joe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       A column's data type can now be changed with <command>ALTER
+       TABLE</command>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make quoting of <literal>sameuser</>, <literal>samegroup</>, and
-        <literal>all</> remove special meaning of these terms in
-        <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      New Perl Server-Side Language
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use clearer IPv6 name <literal>::1/128</> for
-        <literal>localhost</> in default <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       A new version of the <application>plperl</> server-side language now
+       supports a persistent shared storage area, triggers, returning records
+       and arrays of records, and SPI calls to access the database.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use CIDR format in <filename>pg_hba.conf</> examples (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+       Comma-separated-value (CSV) support in <command>COPY</command>
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rename server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
-        <varname>VacuumMem</> to <varname>work_mem</> and
-        <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> (Old names still supported) (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This change was made to clarify that bulk operations such as index and
-        foreign key creation use <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>, while
-        <varname>work_mem</> is for workspaces used during query execution.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>COPY</command> can now read and write
+       comma-separated-value files. It has the flexibility to
+       interpret nonstandard quoting and separation characters too.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow logging of session disconnections using server configuration
-        <varname>log_disconnections</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </variablelist>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new server configuration parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</> to
-        allow control of information emitted in each log line (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Available information includes user name, database name, remote IP
-        address, and session start time.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
-        <varname>log_timestamp</>, <varname>log_source_port</>; functionality
-        superseded by <varname>log_line_prefix</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
+    required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
+    release.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Replace the <varname>virtual_host</> and <varname>tcpip_socket</>
-        parameters with a unified <varname>listen_addresses</> parameter
-        (Andrew, Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <varname>virtual_host</> could only specify a single IP address to
-        listen on.  <varname>listen_addresses</> allows multiple addresses
-        to be specified.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Observe the following incompatibilities:
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Listen on localhost by default, which eliminates the need for the
-        <option>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Listening on localhost (<literal>127.0.0.1</>) opens no new
-        security holes but allows configurations like Windows and JDBC,
-        which do not support local sockets, to work without special
-        adjustments.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <varname>syslog</> server configuration parameter, and add more
-        logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to control log output
-        location (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      In <option>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
+      now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
+      beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
+      beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> to take
-        values <varname>all</>, <varname>mod</>, <varname>ddl</>, or
-        <varname>none</> to select which queries are logged (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows administrators to log only data definition changes or
-        only data modification statements.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Functions declared <option>STABLE</> or <option>IMMUTABLE</> always
+      use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
+      effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
+      their own transaction or other transactions.  Such a function must be
+      read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
+      <command>SELECT</>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Some logging-related configuration parameters could formerly be adjusted
-        by ordinary users, but only in the <quote>more verbose</> direction.
-        They are now treated more strictly: only superusers can set them.
-        However, a superuser can use <command>ALTER USER</> to provide per-user
-        settings of these values for non-superusers.  Also, it is now possible
-        for superusers to set values of superuser-only configuration parameters
-        via <literal>PGOPTIONS</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Nondeferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
+      after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
+      finishing the current interactive command. This makes a
+      difference when the triggering query occurred within a function:
+      the trigger is invoked before the function proceeds to its next
+      operation.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow configuration files to be placed outside the data directory (mlw)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        By default, configuration files are kept in the cluster's top directory.
-        With this addition, configuration files can be placed outside the
-        data directory, easing administration.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameters <varname>virtual_host</> and
+      <varname>tcpip_socket</> have been replaced with a more general
+      parameter <varname>listen_addresses</>. Also, the server now listens on
+      <literal>localhost</> by default, which eliminates the need for the
+      <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Plan prepared queries only when first executed so constants can be
-        used for statistics (Oliver Jowett)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prepared statements plan queries once and execute them many
-        times. While prepared queries avoid the overhead of re-planning
-        on each use, the quality of the plan suffers from not knowing the exact
-        parameters to be used in the query.  In this release, planning of
-        unnamed prepared statements is delayed until the first execution,
-        and the actual parameter values of that execution are used as
-        optimization hints.  This allows use of out-of-line parameter passing
-        without incurring a performance penalty.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
+      <varname>VacuumMem</> have been renamed to <varname>work_mem</>
+      and <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> to better reflect their
+      use. The original names are still supported in
+      <command>SET</command> and <command>SHOW</command>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> to take parameters
-        (Oliver Jowett)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        It is now useful to issue <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> in a
-        <function>Parse</> message with parameters. The parameter values
-        sent at <function>Bind</> time will be substituted into the
-        execution of the cursor's query.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
+      <varname>log_timestamp</>, and <varname>log_source_port</> have been
+      replaced with a more general parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix hash joins and aggregates of <type>inet</type> and
-        <type>cidr</type> data types (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Release 7.4 handled hashing of mixed <type>inet</type> and
-        <type>cidr</type> values incorrectly.  (This bug did not exist
-        in prior releases because they wouldn't try to hash either
-        data type.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameter <varname>syslog</> has been
+      replaced with a more logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to
+      control the log output destination.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <varname>log_duration</> print only when <varname>log_statement</>
-        prints the query (Ed L.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> has been
+      changed so it can selectively log just database modification or
+      data definition statements.  Server configuration parameter
+      <varname>log_duration</> now prints only when <varname>log_statement</>
+      prints the query.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameter <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter has
+      been replaced with <varname>max_stack_depth</> which measures the
+      physical stack size rather than the expression nesting depth. This
+      helps prevent session termination due to stack overflow caused by
+      recursive functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <function>length()</> function no longer counts trailing spaces in
+      <type>CHAR(n)</> values.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits of the
+     integer, not the leftmost N bits as before.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Query Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Updating an element or slice of a NULL array value now produces
+     a nonnull array result, namely an array containing
+     just the assigned-to positions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add savepoints (nested transactions) (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Syntax checking of array input values has been tightened up
+      considerably. Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with
+      odd results now causes an error. Empty-string element values
+      must now be written as <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing.
+      Also changed behavior with respect to whitespace surrounding
+      array elements: trailing whitespace is now ignored, for symmetry
+      with leading whitespace (which has always been ignored).
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Unsupported isolation levels are now accepted and promoted to the
-        nearest supported level (Peter)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The SQL specification states that if a database doesn't support a
-        specific isolation level, it should use the next more restrictive level.
-        This change complies with that recommendation.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected and
+      reported as an error.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>BEGIN WORK</command> to specify transaction
-        isolation levels like <command>START TRANSACTION</command> does
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
+      <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix table permission checking for cases in which rules generate
-        a query type different from the originally submitted query (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <function>extract()</> function (also called
+      <function>date_part</>) now returns the proper year for BC dates.
+      It previously returned one less than the correct year. The
+      function now also returns the proper values for millennium and
+      century.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Implement dollar quoting to simplify single-quote usage (Andrew, Tom,
-        David Fetter)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, because single quotes had to be used to
-        quote a function's body, the use of single quotes inside the
-        function text required use of two single quotes or other error-prone
-        notations. With this release we add the ability to use "dollar
-        quoting" to quote a block of text.  The ability to use different
-        quoting delimiters at different nesting levels greatly simplifies
-        the task of quoting correctly, especially in complex functions.
-        Dollar quoting can be used anywhere quoted text is needed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <type>CIDR</> values now must have their nonmasked bits be zero.
+     For example, we no longer allow
+     <literal>204.248.199.1/31</literal> as a <type>CIDR</> value. Such
+     values should never have been accepted by
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and will now be rejected.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <literal>CASE val WHEN compval1 THEN ...</> evaluate <literal>val</> only once (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <option>CASE</> no longer evaluates the tested expression multiple
-        times. This has benefits when the expression is complex or is
-        volatile.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <command>EXECUTE</command> now returns a completion tag that
+      matches the executed statement.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Test <option>HAVING</> before computing target list of an
-        aggregate query (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Fixes improper failure of cases such as <literal>SELECT SUM(win)/SUM(lose)
-        ... GROUP BY ... HAVING SUM(lose) &gt; 0</>.  This should work but formerly
-        could fail with divide-by-zero.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>psql</>'s <command>\copy</> command now reads or
+      writes to the query's <literal>stdin/stdout</>, rather than
+      <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin/stdout</>. The previous
+      behavior can be accessed via new
+      <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> parameters.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Replace <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter with
-        <varname>max_stack_depth</> parameter, measured in kilobytes of stack
-        size (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-       This gives us a fairly bulletproof defense against crashing due to
-       runaway recursive functions. Instead of measuring the depth of expression
-       nesting, we now directly measure the size of the execution stack.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+     The JDBC client interface has been removed from the core
+     distribution, and is now hosted at <ulink url=
+     "http://jdbc.postgresql.org"></ulink>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow arbitrary row expressions (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This release allows SQL expressions to contain arbitrary composite
-        types, that is, row values. It also allows functions to more easily
-        take rows as arguments and return row values.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+     The Tcl client interface has also been removed. There are several
+     Tcl interfaces now hosted at <ulink url=
+     "http://gborg.postgresql.org"></ulink>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <option>LIKE</>/<option>ILIKE</> to be used as the operator
-        in row and subselect comparisons (Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The server now uses its own time zone database, rather than the
+      one supplied by the operating system. This will provide consistent
+      behavior across all platforms.  In most cases, there should be
+      little noticeable difference in time zone behavior, except that
+      the time zone names used by <command>SET</>/<command>SHOW</>
+      <varname>TimeZone</> might be different from what your platform provides.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Avoid locale-specific case conversion of basic ASCII letters in
-        identifiers and keywords (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This solves the <quote>Turkish problem</> with mangling of words
-        containing <literal>I</> and  <literal>i</>.  Folding of characters
-        outside the 7-bit-ASCII set is still locale-aware.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>Configure</>'s threading option no longer requires
+      users to run tests or edit configuration files; threading options
+      are now detected automatically.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve syntax error reporting (Fabien, Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Syntax error reports are more useful than before.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Now that tablespaces have been implemented,
+      <application>initlocation</> has been removed.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <command>EXECUTE</command> to return a completion tag
-        matching the executed statement (Kris Jurka)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previous releases return an <command>EXECUTE</command> tag for
-        any <command>EXECUTE</command> call. In this release, the tag
-        returned will reflect the command executed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The API for user-defined GiST indexes has been changed. The
+      Union and PickSplit methods are now passed a pointer to a
+      special <structname>GistEntryVector</structname> structure,
+      rather than a <type>bytea</type>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Avoid emitting <option>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> in rule listings (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Such a clause makes no logical sense, but in some cases the rule
-        decompiler formerly produced this syntax.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Deprecated Features</title>
 
+  <para>
+    Some aspects of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s behavior
+    have been determined to be suboptimal. For the sake of backward
+    compatibility these have not been removed in 8.0, but they are
+    considered deprecated and will be removed in the next major
+    release.
+    </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The 8.1 release will remove the <function>to_char()</> function
+      for intervals.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>COMMENT ON</> for casts, conversions, languages,
-        operator classes, and large objects (Christopher)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The server now warns of empty strings passed to
+       <type>oid</type>/<type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> data
+       types, but continues to interpret them as zeroes as before.
+       In the next major release, empty strings will be considered
+       invalid input for these data types.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new server configuration parameter <varname>default_with_oids</> to
-        control whether tables are created with <type>OID</>s by default (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows administrators to control whether <command>CREATE
-        TABLE</command> commands create tables with or without <type>OID</>
-        columns by default.  (Note: the current factory default setting for
-        <varname>default_with_oids</> is <literal>TRUE</>, but the default
-        will become <literal>FALSE</> in future releases.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      By default, tables in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.0
+      and earlier are created with <type>OID</>s. In the next release,
+      this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the case: to create a table
+      that contains <type>OID</>s, the <option>WITH OIDS</> clause must
+      be specified or the <varname>default_with_oids</varname>
+      configuration parameter must be set. Users are encouraged to
+      explicitly specify <option>WITH OIDS</> if their tables
+      require OIDs for compatibility with future releases of
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>WITH</> / <option>WITHOUT OIDS</> clause to
-        <command>CREATE TABLE AS</command> (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN</> to drop an <type>OID</>
-        column (<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</> still works)
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow composite types as table columns (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
+    release 8.0 and the previous major release.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>ALTER ... ADD COLUMN</> with defaults and
-        <option>NOT NULL</> constraints; works per SQL spec (Rod)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        It is now possible for <option>ADD COLUMN</> to create a column
-        that is not initially filled with NULLs, but with a specified
-        default value.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Performance Improvements</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> to change column's type (Rod)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        It is now possible to alter a column's data type without dropping
-        and re-adding the column.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Support cross-data-type index usage (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Before this change, many queries would not use an index if the data
+       types did not match exactly. This improvement makes index usage more
+       intuitive and consistent.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow multiple <command>ALTER</> actions in a single <command>ALTER
-        TABLE</command> command (Rod)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is particularly useful for <command>ALTER</> commands that
-        rewrite the table (which include <option>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> and
-        <option>ADD COLUMN</> with a default). By grouping
-        <command>ALTER</> commands together, the table need be rewritten
-        only once.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New buffer replacement strategy that improves caching (Jan)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prior releases used a least-recently-used (LRU) cache to keep
+       recently referenced pages in memory. The LRU algorithm
+       did not consider the number of times a specific cache entry was
+       accessed, so large table scans could force out useful cache pages.
+       The new cache algorithm uses four separate lists to track most
+       recently used and most frequently used cache pages and dynamically
+       optimize their replacement based on the work load. This should
+       lead to much more efficient use of the shared buffer cache.
+       Administrators who have tested shared buffer sizes in the past
+       should retest with this new cache replacement policy.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add <type>SERIAL</type>
-        columns (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This falls out from the new capability of specifying defaults for new
-        columns.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add subprocess to write dirty buffers periodically to reduce
+       checkpoint writes (Jan)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, the checkpoint process, which runs every few
+       minutes, would write all dirty buffers to the operating system's
+       buffer cache then flush all dirty operating system buffers to
+       disk. This resulted in a periodic spike in disk usage that often
+       hurt performance. The new code uses a background writer to trickle
+       disk writes at a steady pace so checkpoints have far fewer dirty
+       pages to write to disk. Also, the new code does not issue a global
+       <function>sync()</> call, but instead <function>fsync()</>s just
+       the files written since the last checkpoint. This should improve
+       performance and minimize degradation during checkpoints.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow changing the owners of aggregates, conversions, databases,
-        functions, operators, operator classes, schemas, types, and tablespaces
-        (Christopher, Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously this required modifying the system tables directly.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add ability to prolong vacuum to reduce performance impact (Jan)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       On busy systems, <command>VACUUM</command> performs many I/O
+       requests which can hurt performance for other users. This
+       release allows you to slow down <command>VACUUM</command> to
+       reduce its impact on other users, though this increases the
+       total duration of <command>VACUUM</command>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow temporary object creation to be limited to <option>SECURITY
-        DEFINER</> functions (Sean Chittenden)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve B-tree index performance for duplicate keys (Dmitry Tkach, Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This improves the way indexes are scanned when many duplicate
+       values exist in the index.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>ALTER TABLE ... SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</> (Christopher)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prior to this release, there was no way to clear an auto-cluster
-        specification except to modify the system tables.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use dynamically-generated table size estimates while planning (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Formerly the planner estimated table sizes using the values seen
+       by the last <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>,
+       both as to physical table size (number of pages) and number of rows.
+       Now, the current physical table size is obtained from the kernel,
+       and the number of rows is estimated by multiplying the table size
+       by the row density (rows per page) seen by the last
+       <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>.  This should
+       produce more reliable estimates in cases where the table size has
+       changed significantly since the last housekeeping command.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Constraint/Index/<type>SERIAL</> names are now
-        <replaceable>table_column_type</>
-        with numbers appended to guarantee uniqueness within the schema
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The SQL specification states that such names should be unique
-        within a schema.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improved index usage with <literal>OR</> clauses (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows the optimizer to use indexes in statements with many OR
+       clauses that would not have been indexed in the past.  It can also use
+       multi-column indexes where the first column is specified and the second
+       column is part of an <literal>OR</> clause.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_get_serial_sequence()</> to return a
-        <type>SERIAL</> column's sequence name (Christopher)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows automated scripts to reliably find the <type>SERIAL</>
-        sequence name.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve matching of partial index clauses (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The server is now smarter about using partial indexes in queries
+       involving complex <option>WHERE</> clauses.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve performance of the GEQO optimizer (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The GEQO optimizer is used to plan queries involving many tables (by
+       default, twelve or more). This release speeds up the way queries are
+       analyzed to decrease time spent in optimization.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Warn when primary/foreign key data type mismatch requires costly lookup
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Miscellaneous optimizer improvements
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       There is not room here to list all the minor improvements made, but
+       numerous special cases work better than in prior releases.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <command>ALTER INDEX</> command to allow moving of indexes
-        between tablespaces (Gavin)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve lookup speed for C functions (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This release uses a hash table to lookup information for dynamically
+       loaded C functions. This improves their speed so they perform nearly as
+       quickly as functions that are built into the server executable.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <command>ALTER TABLE OWNER</> change dependent sequence
-        ownership too (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add type-specific <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics
+       capability (Mark Cave-Ayland)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This feature allows more flexibility in generating statistics
+       for nonstandard data types.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>ANALYZE</command> now collects statistics for
+       expression indexes (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Expression indexes (also called functional indexes) allow users to
+       index not just columns but the results of expressions and function
+       calls. With this release, the optimizer can gather and use statistics
+       about the contents of expression indexes.  This will greatly improve
+       the quality of planning for queries in which an expression index is
+       relevant.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New two-stage sampling method for <command>ANALYZE</command>
+       (Manfred Koizar)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This gives better statistics when the density of valid rows is very
+       different in different regions of a table.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Speed up <command>TRUNCATE</command> (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This buys back some of the performance loss observed in 7.4, while still
+       keeping <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> to create triggers,
-        indexes, and sequences (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>ALSO</> keyword to <command>CREATE RULE</command> (Fabien
-        Coelho)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows <option>ALSO</> to be added to rule creation to contrast it with
-        <option>INSTEAD</> rules.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Server Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>NOWAIT</> option to <command>LOCK</command> (Tatsuo)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows the <command>LOCK</command> command to fail if it
-        would have to wait for the requested lock.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add WAL file archiving and point-in-time recovery (Simon Riggs)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>COPY</command> to read and write
-        comma-separated-value (CSV) files (Andrew, Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add tablespaces so admins can control disk layout (Gavin)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Generate error if the <command>COPY</command> delimiter and NULL
-        string conflict (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a built-in log rotation program (Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is now possible to log server messages conveniently without
+       relying on either <application>syslog</> or an external log
+       rotation program.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> behavior
-        follows the SQL spec more closely
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new read-only server configuration parameters to show server
+       compile-time settings: <varname>block_size</>,
+       <varname>integer_datetimes</>, <varname>max_function_args</>,
+       <varname>max_identifier_length</>, <varname>max_index_keys</>  (Joe)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Avoid locking conflict between <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
-        and <command>CHECKPOINT</command> (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In 7.3 and 7.4, a long-running B-tree index build could block concurrent
-        <command>CHECKPOINT</>s from completing, thereby causing WAL bloat because the
-        WAL log could not be recycled.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make quoting of <literal>sameuser</>, <literal>samegroup</>, and
+       <literal>all</> remove special meaning of these terms in
+       <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command> does not hold locks
-        across tables (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This reduces the potential for deadlocks against other backends
-        that want exclusive locks on tables.  To get the benefit of this
-        change, do not execute database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command>
-        inside a transaction block (<command>BEGIN</command> block); it
-        must be able to commit and start a new transaction for each
-        table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use clearer IPv6 name <literal>::1/128</> for
+       <literal>localhost</> in default <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>REINDEX</command> does not exclusively lock the index's
-        parent table anymore
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The index itself is still exclusively locked, but readers of the
-        table can continue if they are not using the particular index
-        being rebuilt.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use CIDR format in <filename>pg_hba.conf</> examples (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Erase MD5 user passwords when a user is renamed (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses the user name as salt
-        when encrypting passwords via MD5. When a user's name is changed,
-        the salt will no longer match the stored MD5 password, so the
-        stored password becomes useless.  In this release a notice is
-        generated and the password is cleared.  A new password must then
-        be assigned if the user is to be able to log in with a password.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Rename server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
+       <varname>VacuumMem</> to <varname>work_mem</> and
+       <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> (Old names still supported) (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This change was made to clarify that bulk operations such as index and
+       foreign key creation use <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>, while
+       <varname>work_mem</> is for workspaces used during query execution.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <application>pg_ctl</> <option>kill</> option for Windows (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Windows does not have a <literal>kill</> command to send signals to
-        backends so this capability was added to <application>pg_ctl</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow logging of session disconnections using server configuration
+       <varname>log_disconnections</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Information schema improvements
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new server configuration parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</> to
+       allow control of information emitted in each log line (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Available information includes user name, database name, remote IP
+       address, and session start time.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>--pwfile</> option to
-        <application>initdb</application> so the initial password can be
-        set by GUI tools (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
+       <varname>log_timestamp</>, <varname>log_source_port</>; functionality
+       superseded by <varname>log_line_prefix</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Detect locale/encoding mismatch in
-        <application>initdb</application> (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Replace the <varname>virtual_host</> and <varname>tcpip_socket</>
+       parameters with a unified <varname>listen_addresses</> parameter
+       (Andrew, Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <varname>virtual_host</> could only specify a single IP address to
+       listen on.  <varname>listen_addresses</> allows multiple addresses
+       to be specified.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>register</> command to <application>pg_ctl</> to
-        register Windows operating system service (Dave Page)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Listen on localhost by default, which eliminates the need for the
+       <option>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Listening on localhost (<literal>127.0.0.1</>) opens no new
+       security holes but allows configurations like Windows and JDBC,
+       which do not support local sockets, to work without special
+       adjustments.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <varname>syslog</> server configuration parameter, and add more
+       logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to control log output
+       location (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> to take
+       values <varname>all</>, <varname>mod</>, <varname>ddl</>, or
+       <varname>none</> to select which queries are logged (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows administrators to log only data definition changes or
+       only data modification statements.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Some logging-related configuration parameters could formerly be adjusted
+       by ordinary users, but only in the <quote>more verbose</> direction.
+       They are now treated more strictly: only superusers can set them.
+       However, a superuser can use <command>ALTER USER</> to provide per-user
+       settings of these values for non-superusers.  Also, it is now possible
+       for superusers to set values of superuser-only configuration parameters
+       via <literal>PGOPTIONS</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More complete support for composite types (row types)  (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Composite values can be used in many places where only scalar values
-        worked before.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow configuration files to be placed outside the data directory (mlw)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       By default, configuration files are kept in the cluster's top directory.
+       With this addition, configuration files can be placed outside the
+       data directory, easing administration.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Reject nonrectangular array values as erroneous (Joe)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Formerly, <function>array_in</> would silently build a
-        surprising result.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Plan prepared queries only when first executed so constants can be
+       used for statistics (Oliver Jowett)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prepared statements plan queries once and execute them many
+       times. While prepared queries avoid the overhead of re-planning
+       on each use, the quality of the plan suffers from not knowing the exact
+       parameters to be used in the query.  In this release, planning of
+       unnamed prepared statements is delayed until the first execution,
+       and the actual parameter values of that execution are used as
+       optimization hints.  This allows use of out-of-line parameter passing
+       without incurring a performance penalty.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <listitem>
-        <para>
-         Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected (Tom)
-        </para>
-       </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> to take parameters
+       (Oliver Jowett)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is now useful to issue <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> in a
+       <function>Parse</> message with parameters. The parameter values
+       sent at <function>Bind</> time will be substituted into the
+       execution of the cursor's query.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <listitem>
-        <para>
-         The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
-         <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
-        </para>
-        <para>
-         Formerly, the parser would select these operators in many situations
-         where an <quote>unable to select an operator</> error would be more
-         appropriate, such as <literal>null * null</>.  If you actually want
-         to do arithmetic on a <type>"char"</> column, you can cast it to
-         integer explicitly.
-        </para>
-       </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix hash joins and aggregates of <type>inet</type> and
+       <type>cidr</type> data types (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Release 7.4 handled hashing of mixed <type>inet</type> and
+       <type>cidr</type> values incorrectly.  (This bug did not exist
+       in prior releases because they wouldn't try to hash either
+       data type.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <varname>log_duration</> print only when <varname>log_statement</>
+       prints the query (Ed L.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-        <para>
-         Syntax checking of array input values considerably tightened up (Joe)
-        </para>
-       <para>
-         Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with odd results
-         now causes an <literal>ERROR</>, for example, non-whitespace
-         after the closing right brace.
-        </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-        <para>
-         Empty-string array element values must now be written as
-         <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing (Joe)
-        </para>
-       <para>
-         Formerly, both ways of writing an empty-string element value were
-         allowed, but now a quoted empty string is required.  The case where
-         nothing at all appears will probably be considered to be a NULL
-         element value in some future release.
-        </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-        <para>
-         Array element trailing whitespace is now ignored (Joe)
-        </para>
-       <para>
-         Formerly leading whitespace was ignored, but trailing whitespace
-         between an element value and the delimiter or right brace was
-         significant.  Now trailing whitespace is also ignored.
-        </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Query Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Emit array values with explicit array bounds when lower bound is not one
-        (Joe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add savepoints (nested transactions) (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Accept <literal>YYYY-monthname-DD</> as a date string (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Unsupported isolation levels are now accepted and promoted to the
+       nearest supported level (Peter)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The SQL specification states that if a database doesn't support a
+       specific isolation level, it should use the next more restrictive level.
+       This change complies with that recommendation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <function>netmask</> and <function>hostmask</> functions
-        return maximum-length mask length (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>BEGIN WORK</command> to specify transaction
+       isolation levels like <command>START TRANSACTION</command> does
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change factorial function to return <type>numeric</type> (Gavin)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Returning <type>numeric</type> allows the factorial function to
-        work for a wider range of input values.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix table permission checking for cases in which rules generate
+       a query type different from the originally submitted query (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <function>to_char</>/<function>to_date()</> date conversion
-        improvements (Kurt Roeckx, Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Implement dollar quoting to simplify single-quote usage (Andrew, Tom,
+       David Fetter)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, because single quotes had to be used to
+       quote a function's body, the use of single quotes inside the
+       function text required use of two single quotes or other error-prone
+       notations. With this release we add the ability to use "dollar
+       quoting" to quote a block of text.  The ability to use different
+       quoting delimiters at different nesting levels greatly simplifies
+       the task of quoting correctly, especially in complex functions.
+       Dollar quoting can be used anywhere quoted text is needed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <function>length()</> disregard trailing spaces in
-        <type>CHAR(n)</> (Gavin)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This change was made to improve consistency: trailing spaces are
-        semantically insignificant in <type>CHAR(n)</> data, so they
-        should not be counted by <function>length()</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <literal>CASE val WHEN compval1 THEN ...</> evaluate <literal>val</> only once (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <option>CASE</> no longer evaluates the tested expression multiple
+       times. This has benefits when the expression is complex or is
+       volatile.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Warn about empty string being passed to
-        <type>OID</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</> data types (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        8.1 will throw an error instead.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Test <option>HAVING</> before computing target list of an
+       aggregate query (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Fixes improper failure of cases such as <literal>SELECT SUM(win)/SUM(lose)
+       ... GROUP BY ... HAVING SUM(lose) &gt; 0</>.  This should work but formerly
+       could fail with divide-by-zero.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow leading or trailing whitespace in
-        <type>int2</>/<type>int4</>/<type>int8</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</>
-        input routines
-        (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Replace <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter with
+       <varname>max_stack_depth</> parameter, measured in kilobytes of stack
+       size (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+      This gives us a fairly bulletproof defense against crashing due to
+      runaway recursive functions. Instead of measuring the depth of expression
+      nesting, we now directly measure the size of the execution stack.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Better support for IEEE <literal>Infinity</> and <literal>NaN</>
-        values in <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These should now work on all platforms that support IEEE-compliant
-        floating point arithmetic.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow arbitrary row expressions (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This release allows SQL expressions to contain arbitrary composite
+       types, that is, row values. It also allows functions to more easily
+       take rows as arguments and return row values.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>week</> option to <function>date_trunc()</> (Robert Creager)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <option>LIKE</>/<option>ILIKE</> to be used as the operator
+       in row and subselect comparisons (Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>to_char</function> for <literal>1 BC</>
-        (previously it returned <literal>1 AD</>) (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Avoid locale-specific case conversion of basic ASCII letters in
+       identifiers and keywords (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This solves the <quote>Turkish problem</> with mangling of words
+       containing <literal>I</> and  <literal>i</>.  Folding of characters
+       outside the 7-bit-ASCII set is still locale-aware.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>date_part(year)</> for BC dates (previously it
-        returned one less than the correct year) (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve syntax error reporting (Fabien, Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Syntax error reports are more useful than before.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>date_part()</> to return the proper millennium and
-        century (Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In previous versions, the century and millennium results had a wrong
-        number and started in the wrong year, as compared to standard
-        reckoning of such things.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <command>EXECUTE</command> to return a completion tag
+       matching the executed statement (Kris Jurka)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previous releases return an <command>EXECUTE</command> tag for
+       any <command>EXECUTE</command> call. In this release, the tag
+       returned will reflect the command executed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>ceiling()</> as an alias for <function>ceil()</>,
-        and <function>power()</> as an alias for <function>pow()</> for
-        standards compliance (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Avoid emitting <option>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> in rule listings (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Such a clause makes no logical sense, but in some cases the rule
+       decompiler formerly produced this syntax.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <function>ln()</>, <function>log()</>,
-        <function>power()</>, and <function>sqrt()</> to emit the correct
-        <literal>SQLSTATE</> error codes for certain error conditions, as
-        specified by SQL:2003 (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>width_bucket()</> function as defined by SQL:2003 (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>generate_series()</> functions to simplify working
-        with numeric sets (Joe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>upper/lower/initcap()</> functions to work with
-        multibyte encodings (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>COMMENT ON</> for casts, conversions, languages,
+       operator classes, and large objects (Christopher)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add boolean and bitwise integer <option>AND</>/<option>OR</>
-        aggregates (Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new server configuration parameter <varname>default_with_oids</> to
+       control whether tables are created with <type>OID</>s by default (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows administrators to control whether <command>CREATE
+       TABLE</command> commands create tables with or without <type>OID</>
+       columns by default.  (Note: the current factory default setting for
+       <varname>default_with_oids</> is <literal>TRUE</>, but the default
+       will become <literal>FALSE</> in future releases.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New session information functions to return network addresses for client
-        and server (Sean Chittenden)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>WITH</> / <option>WITHOUT OIDS</> clause to
+       <command>CREATE TABLE AS</command> (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add function to determine the area of a closed path (Sean Chittenden)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN</> to drop an <type>OID</>
+       column (<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</> still works)
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add function to send cancel request to other backends (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow composite types as table columns (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <type>interval</> plus <type>datetime</> operators (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The reverse ordering, <type>datetime</> plus <type>interval</>,
-        was already supported, but both are required by the SQL standard.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>ALTER ... ADD COLUMN</> with defaults and
+       <option>NOT NULL</> constraints; works per SQL spec (Rod)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is now possible for <option>ADD COLUMN</> to create a column
+       that is not initially filled with NULLs, but with a specified
+       default value.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits
-        of the integer
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In prior releases, the leftmost N bits were selected, but this was
-        deemed unhelpful, not to mention inconsistent with casting from bit
-        to int.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> to change column's type (Rod)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is now possible to alter a column's data type without dropping
+       and re-adding the column.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow multiple <command>ALTER</> actions in a single <command>ALTER
+       TABLE</command> command (Rod)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is particularly useful for <command>ALTER</> commands that
+       rewrite the table (which include <option>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> and
+       <option>ADD COLUMN</> with a default). By grouping
+       <command>ALTER</> commands together, the table need be rewritten
+       only once.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Require <type>CIDR</> values to have all nonmasked bits be zero
-        (Kevin Brintnall)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add <type>SERIAL</type>
+       columns (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This falls out from the new capability of specifying defaults for new
+       columns.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow changing the owners of aggregates, conversions, databases,
+       functions, operators, operator classes, schemas, types, and tablespaces
+       (Christopher, Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously this required modifying the system tables directly.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow temporary object creation to be limited to <option>SECURITY
+       DEFINER</> functions (Sean Chittenden)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>ALTER TABLE ... SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</> (Christopher)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prior to this release, there was no way to clear an auto-cluster
+       specification except to modify the system tables.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
-        now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
-        beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
-        beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Constraint/Index/<type>SERIAL</> names are now
+       <replaceable>table_column_type</>
+       with numbers appended to guarantee uniqueness within the schema
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The SQL specification states that such names should be unique
+       within a schema.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
-        use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
-        effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
-        their own transaction or other transactions.  Such a function must be
-        read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
-        <command>SELECT</>.  There is a considerable performance gain from
-        declaring a function <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</>
-        rather than <literal>VOLATILE</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_get_serial_sequence()</> to return a
+       <type>SERIAL</> column's sequence name (Christopher)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows automated scripts to reliably find the <type>SERIAL</>
+       sequence name.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Nondeferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
-        after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
-        finishing the current interactive command. This makes a difference
-        when the triggering query occurred within a function: the trigger
-        is invoked before the function proceeds to its next operation. For
-        example, if a function inserts a new row into a table, any
-        nondeferred foreign key checks occur before proceeding with the
-        function.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Warn when primary/foreign key data type mismatch requires costly lookup
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow function parameters to be declared with names (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows better documentation of functions.  Whether the names
-        actually do anything depends on the specific function language
-        being used.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <command>ALTER INDEX</> command to allow moving of indexes
+       between tablespaces (Gavin)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow PL/pgSQL parameter names to be referenced in the function (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This basically creates an automatic alias for each named parameter.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <command>ALTER TABLE OWNER</> change dependent sequence
+       ownership too (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Do minimal syntax checking of PL/pgSQL functions at creation time (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows us to catch simple syntax errors sooner.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More support for composite types (row and record variables) in PL/pgSQL
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        For example, it now works to pass a rowtype variable to another function
-        as a single variable.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Default values for PL/pgSQL variables can now reference previously
-        declared variables
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve parsing of PL/pgSQL FOR loops (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Parsing is now driven by presence of <literal>".."</> rather than
-        data type of <option>FOR</> variable. This makes no difference for
-        correct functions, but should result in more understandable error
-        messages when a mistake is made.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Major overhaul of PL/Perl server-side language (Command Prompt, Andrew Dunstan)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> to create triggers,
+       indexes, and sequences (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In PL/Tcl, SPI commands are now run in subtransactions.  If an error
-        occurs, the subtransaction is cleaned up and the error is reported
-        as an ordinary Tcl error, which can be trapped with <literal>catch</>.
-        Formerly, it was not possible to catch such errors.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>ALSO</> keyword to <command>CREATE RULE</command> (Fabien
+       Coelho)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows <option>ALSO</> to be added to rule creation to contrast it with
+       <option>INSTEAD</> rules.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Accept <command>ELSEIF</> in PL/pgSQL (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously PL/pgSQL only allowed <command>ELSIF</>, but many people
-        are accustomed to spelling this keyword <command>ELSEIF</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>NOWAIT</> option to <command>LOCK</command> (Tatsuo)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows the <command>LOCK</command> command to fail if it
+       would have to wait for the requested lock.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>COPY</command> to read and write
+       comma-separated-value (CSV) files (Andrew, Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Generate error if the <command>COPY</command> delimiter and NULL
+       string conflict (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> behavior
+       follows the SQL spec more closely
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <application>psql</> information display about database
-        objects (Christopher)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Avoid locking conflict between <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
+       and <command>CHECKPOINT</command> (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In 7.3 and 7.4, a long-running B-tree index build could block concurrent
+       <command>CHECKPOINT</>s from completing, thereby causing WAL bloat because the
+       WAL log could not be recycled.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>psql</> to display group membership in
-        <command>\du</> and <command>\dg</> (Markus Bertheau)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command> does not hold locks
+       across tables (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This reduces the potential for deadlocks against other backends
+       that want exclusive locks on tables.  To get the benefit of this
+       change, do not execute database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command>
+       inside a transaction block (<command>BEGIN</command> block); it
+       must be able to commit and start a new transaction for each
+       table.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent <application>psql</> <command>\dn</command> from showing
-        temporary schemas (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>REINDEX</command> does not exclusively lock the index's
+       parent table anymore
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The index itself is still exclusively locked, but readers of the
+       table can continue if they are not using the particular index
+       being rebuilt.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>psql</> to handle tilde user expansion for file
-        names (Zach Irmen)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Erase MD5 user passwords when a user is renamed (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses the user name as salt
+       when encrypting passwords via MD5. When a user's name is changed,
+       the salt will no longer match the stored MD5 password, so the
+       stored password becomes useless.  In this release a notice is
+       generated and the password is cleared.  A new password must then
+       be assigned if the user is to be able to log in with a password.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>psql</> to display fancy prompts, including
-        color, via <application>readline</> (Reece Hart, Chet Ramey)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <application>pg_ctl</> <option>kill</> option for Windows (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Windows does not have a <literal>kill</> command to send signals to
+       backends so this capability was added to <application>pg_ctl</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <application>psql</> <command>\copy</> match <command>COPY</command> command syntax
-        fully (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Information schema improvements
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Show the location of syntax errors (Fabien Coelho, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>--pwfile</> option to
+       <application>initdb</application> so the initial password can be
+       set by GUI tools (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>CLUSTER</command> information to <application>psql</>
-        <command>\d</> display
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Detect locale/encoding mismatch in
+       <application>initdb</application> (Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <application>psql</> <command>\copy stdin/stdout</> to read
-        from command input/output (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>register</> command to <application>pg_ctl</> to
+       register Windows operating system service (Dave Page)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> to read from
-        <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin</>/<literal>stdout</> (Mark
-        Feit)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add global <application>psql</> configuration file, <filename>psqlrc.sample</filename>
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows a central file where global <application>psql</> startup commands can
-        be stored.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Have <application>psql</> <command>\d+</> indicate if the table
-        has an <type>OID</> column (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       More complete support for composite types (row types)  (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Composite values can be used in many places where only scalar values
+       worked before.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        On Windows, use binary mode in <application>psql</> when reading files so control-Z
-        is not seen as end-of-file
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Reject nonrectangular array values as erroneous (Joe)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Formerly, <function>array_in</> would silently build a
+       surprising result.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        Have <command>\dn+</> show permissions and description for schemas (Dennis
-        Bj&ouml;rklund)
+        Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected (Tom)
        </para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        Improve tab completion support (Stefan Kaltenbrunn, Greg Sabino Mullane)
+        The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
+        <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
        </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
        <para>
-        Allow boolean settings to be set using upper or lower case (Michael Paesold)
+        Formerly, the parser would select these operators in many situations
+        where an <quote>unable to select an operator</> error would be more
+        appropriate, such as <literal>null * null</>.  If you actually want
+        to do arithmetic on a <type>"char"</> column, you can cast it to
+        integer explicitly.
        </para>
       </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
-
-
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
-
-      <listitem>
+     <listitem>
        <para>
-        Use dependency information to improve the reliability of
-        <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)
+        Syntax checking of array input values considerably tightened up (Joe)
        </para>
-       <para>
-        This should solve the longstanding problems with related objects
-        sometimes being dumped in the wrong order.
+      <para>
+        Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with odd results
+        now causes an <literal>ERROR</>, for example, non-whitespace
+        after the closing right brace.
        </para>
-      </listitem>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
+     <listitem>
        <para>
-        Have <application>pg_dump</> output objects in alphabetical order if possible (Tom)
+        Empty-string array element values must now be written as
+        <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing (Joe)
        </para>
-       <para>
-        This should make it easier to identify changes between
-        dump files.
+      <para>
+        Formerly, both ways of writing an empty-string element value were
+        allowed, but now a quoted empty string is required.  The case where
+        nothing at all appears will probably be considered to be a NULL
+        element value in some future release.
        </para>
-      </listitem>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
+     <listitem>
        <para>
-        Allow <application>pg_restore</> to ignore some SQL errors (Fabien Coelho)
+        Array element trailing whitespace is now ignored (Joe)
        </para>
-       <para>
-        This makes <application>pg_restore</>'s behavior similar to the
-        results of feeding a <application>pg_dump</> output script to
-        <application>psql</>. In most cases, ignoring errors and plowing
-        ahead is the most useful thing to do. Also added was a pg_restore
-        option to give the old behavior of exiting on an error.
+      <para>
+        Formerly leading whitespace was ignored, but trailing whitespace
+        between an element value and the delimiter or right brace was
+        significant.  Now trailing whitespace is also ignored.
        </para>
-      </listitem>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <application>pg_restore</> <option>-l</> display now includes
-        objects' schema names
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Emit array values with explicit array bounds when lower bound is not one
+       (Joe)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New begin/end markers in <application>pg_dump</> text output (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Accept <literal>YYYY-monthname-DD</> as a date string (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add start/stop times for
-        <application>pg_dump</>/<application>pg_dumpall</> in verbose mode
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <function>netmask</> and <function>hostmask</> functions
+       return maximum-length mask length (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow most <application>pg_dump</> options in
-        <application>pg_dumpall</> (Christopher)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change factorial function to return <type>numeric</type> (Gavin)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Returning <type>numeric</type> allows the factorial function to
+       work for a wider range of input values.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Have <application>pg_dump</> use <command>ALTER OWNER</> rather
-        than <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> by default
-        (Christopher)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <function>to_char</>/<function>to_date()</> date conversion
+       improvements (Kurt Roeckx, Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <function>length()</> disregard trailing spaces in
+       <type>CHAR(n)</> (Gavin)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This change was made to improve consistency: trailing spaces are
+       semantically insignificant in <type>CHAR(n)</> data, so they
+       should not be counted by <function>length()</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Warn about empty string being passed to
+       <type>OID</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</> data types (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       8.1 will throw an error instead.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>libpq Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow leading or trailing whitespace in
+       <type>int2</>/<type>int4</>/<type>int8</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</>
+       input routines
+       (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make libpq's <option>SIGPIPE</> handling thread-safe (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Better support for IEEE <literal>Infinity</> and <literal>NaN</>
+       values in <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These should now work on all platforms that support IEEE-compliant
+       floating point arithmetic.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>PQmbdsplen()</> which returns the display length
-        of a character (Tatsuo)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>week</> option to <function>date_trunc()</> (Robert Creager)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add thread locking to <application>SSL</> and
-        <application>Kerberos</> connections (Manfred Spraul)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>to_char</function> for <literal>1 BC</>
+       (previously it returned <literal>1 AD</>) (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <function>PQoidValue()</>, <function>PQcmdTuples()</>, and
-        <function>PQoidStatus()</> to work on <command>EXECUTE</command>
-        commands (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>date_part(year)</> for BC dates (previously it
+       returned one less than the correct year) (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>PQserverVersion()</> to provide more convenient
-        access to the server version number (Greg Sabino Mullane)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>date_part()</> to return the proper millennium and
+       century (Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous versions, the century and millennium results had a wrong
+       number and started in the wrong year, as compared to standard
+       reckoning of such things.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>PQprepare/PQsendPrepared()</> functions to support
-        preparing statements without necessarily specifying the data types
-        of their parameters (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>ceiling()</> as an alias for <function>ceil()</>,
+       and <function>power()</> as an alias for <function>pow()</> for
+       standards compliance (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <function>ln()</>, <function>log()</>,
+       <function>power()</>, and <function>sqrt()</> to emit the correct
+       <literal>SQLSTATE</> error codes for certain error conditions, as
+       specified by SQL:2003 (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>width_bucket()</> function as defined by SQL:2003 (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>generate_series()</> functions to simplify working
+       with numeric sets (Joe)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>upper/lower/initcap()</> functions to work with
+       multibyte encodings (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add boolean and bitwise integer <option>AND</>/<option>OR</>
+       aggregates (Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New session information functions to return network addresses for client
+       and server (Sean Chittenden)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add function to determine the area of a closed path (Sean Chittenden)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add function to send cancel request to other backends (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <type>interval</> plus <type>datetime</> operators (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The reverse ordering, <type>datetime</> plus <type>interval</>,
+       was already supported, but both are required by the SQL standard.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits
+       of the integer
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In prior releases, the leftmost N bits were selected, but this was
+       deemed unhelpful, not to mention inconsistent with casting from bit
+       to int.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Require <type>CIDR</> values to have all nonmasked bits be zero
+       (Kevin Brintnall)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
+       now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
+       beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
+       beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
+       use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
+       effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
+       their own transaction or other transactions.  Such a function must be
+       read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
+       <command>SELECT</>.  There is a considerable performance gain from
+       declaring a function <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</>
+       rather than <literal>VOLATILE</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Nondeferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
+       after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
+       finishing the current interactive command. This makes a difference
+       when the triggering query occurred within a function: the trigger
+       is invoked before the function proceeds to its next operation. For
+       example, if a function inserts a new row into a table, any
+       nondeferred foreign key checks occur before proceeding with the
+       function.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow function parameters to be declared with names (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows better documentation of functions.  Whether the names
+       actually do anything depends on the specific function language
+       being used.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow PL/pgSQL parameter names to be referenced in the function (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This basically creates an automatic alias for each named parameter.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Do minimal syntax checking of PL/pgSQL functions at creation time (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows us to catch simple syntax errors sooner.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Many ECPG improvements, including <command>SET DESCRIPTOR</> (Michael)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       More support for composite types (row and record variables) in PL/pgSQL
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       For example, it now works to pass a rowtype variable to another function
+       as a single variable.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Default values for PL/pgSQL variables can now reference previously
+       declared variables
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve parsing of PL/pgSQL FOR loops (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Parsing is now driven by presence of <literal>".."</> rather than
+       data type of <option>FOR</> variable. This makes no difference for
+       correct functions, but should result in more understandable error
+       messages when a mistake is made.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Source Code Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Major overhaul of PL/Perl server-side language (Command Prompt, Andrew Dunstan)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the database server to run natively on Windows (Claudio, Magnus, Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In PL/Tcl, SPI commands are now run in subtransactions.  If an error
+       occurs, the subtransaction is cleaned up and the error is reported
+       as an ordinary Tcl error, which can be trapped with <literal>catch</>.
+       Formerly, it was not possible to catch such errors.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Shell script commands converted to C versions for Windows support (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Accept <command>ELSEIF</> in PL/pgSQL (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously PL/pgSQL only allowed <command>ELSIF</>, but many people
+       are accustomed to spelling this keyword <command>ELSEIF</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Create an extension makefile framework (Fabien Coelho, Peter)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This simplifies the task of building extensions outside the original
-        source tree.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support relocatable installations (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Directory paths for installed files (such as the
-        <filename>/share</> directory) are now computed relative to the
-        actual location of the executables, so that an installation tree
-        can be moved to another place without reconfiguring and
-        rebuilding.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use <option>--with-docdir</> to choose installation location of documentation; also
-        allow <option>--infodir</> (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>--without-docdir</> to prevent installation of documentation (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve <application>psql</> information display about database
+       objects (Christopher)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Upgrade to <application>DocBook</> V4.2 SGML (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>psql</> to display group membership in
+       <command>\du</> and <command>\dg</> (Markus Bertheau)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <literal>PostgreSQL</> <application>CVS</> tag (Marc)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This was done to make it easier for organizations to manage their
-        own copies of the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
-        <application>CVS</> repository. File version stamps from the master
-        repository will not get munged by checking into or out of a copied
-        repository.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Prevent <application>psql</> <command>\dn</command> from showing
+       temporary schemas (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clarify locking code (Manfred Koizar)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>psql</> to handle tilde user expansion for file
+       names (Zach Irmen)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Buffer manager cleanup (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>psql</> to display fancy prompts, including
+       color, via <application>readline</> (Reece Hart, Chet Ramey)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Decouple platform tests from CPU spinlock code (Bruce, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <application>psql</> <command>\copy</> match <command>COPY</command> command syntax
+       fully (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add inlined test-and-set code on PA-RISC for <application>gcc</>
-        (ViSolve, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Show the location of syntax errors (Fabien Coelho, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve i386 spinlock code (Manfred Spraul)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>CLUSTER</command> information to <application>psql</>
+       <command>\d</> display
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clean up spinlock assembly code to avoid warnings from newer
-        <application>gcc</> releases (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <application>psql</> <command>\copy stdin/stdout</> to read
+       from command input/output (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove JDBC from source tree; now a separate project
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> to read from
+       <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin</>/<literal>stdout</> (Mark
+       Feit)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove the libpgtcl client interface; now a separate project
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add global <application>psql</> configuration file, <filename>psqlrc.sample</filename>
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows a central file where global <application>psql</> startup commands can
+       be stored.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More accurately estimate memory and file descriptor usage (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Have <application>psql</> <command>\d+</> indicate if the table
+       has an <type>OID</> column (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improvements to the Mac OS X startup scripts (Ray A.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       On Windows, use binary mode in <application>psql</> when reading files so control-Z
+       is not seen as end-of-file
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <function>fsync()</> test program (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Have <command>\dn+</> show permissions and description for schemas (Dennis
+       Bj&ouml;rklund)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Major documentation improvements (Neil, Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve tab completion support (Stefan Kaltenbrunn, Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <application>pg_encoding</application>; not needed
-        anymore
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow boolean settings to be set using upper or lower case (Michael Paesold)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <application>pg_id</application>; not needed anymore
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <application>initlocation</application>; not needed
-        anymore
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Auto-detect thread flags (no more manual testing) (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use Olson's public domain <application>timezone</> library (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use dependency information to improve the reliability of
+       <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This should solve the longstanding problems with related objects
+       sometimes being dumped in the wrong order.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        With threading enabled, use thread flags on Unixware for
-        backend executables too (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Unixware cannot mix threaded and nonthreaded object files in the
-        same executable, so everything must be compiled as threaded.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Have <application>pg_dump</> output objects in alphabetical order if possible (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This should make it easier to identify changes between
+       dump files.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <application>psql</> now uses a <application>flex</>-generated
-        lexical analyzer to process command strings
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>pg_restore</> to ignore some SQL errors (Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This makes <application>pg_restore</>'s behavior similar to the
+       results of feeding a <application>pg_dump</> output script to
+       <application>psql</>. In most cases, ignoring errors and plowing
+       ahead is the most useful thing to do. Also added was a pg_restore
+       option to give the old behavior of exiting on an error.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Reimplement the linked list data structure used throughout the
-        backend (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This improves performance by allowing list append and length
-        operations to be more efficient.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <application>pg_restore</> <option>-l</> display now includes
+       objects' schema names
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow dynamically loaded modules to create their own server configuration
-        parameters (Thomas Hallgren)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New begin/end markers in <application>pg_dump</> text output (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New Brazilian version of FAQ (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add start/stop times for
+       <application>pg_dump</>/<application>pg_dumpall</> in verbose mode
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add French FAQ (Guillaume Lelarge)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow most <application>pg_dump</> options in
+       <application>pg_dumpall</> (Christopher)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <application>pgevent</> for Windows logging
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Have <application>pg_dump</> use <command>ALTER OWNER</> rather
+       than <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> by default
+       (Christopher)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make libpq and ECPG build as proper shared libraries on OS X (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title>libpq Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Contrib Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make libpq's <option>SIGPIPE</> handling thread-safe (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Overhaul of <filename>contrib/dblink</> (Joe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>PQmbdsplen()</> which returns the display length
+       of a character (Tatsuo)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <filename>contrib/dbmirror</> improvements (Steven Singer)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add thread locking to <application>SSL</> and
+       <application>Kerberos</> connections (Manfred Spraul)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <filename>contrib/xml2</> (John Gray, Torchbox)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <function>PQoidValue()</>, <function>PQcmdTuples()</>, and
+       <function>PQoidStatus()</> to work on <command>EXECUTE</command>
+       commands (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Updated <filename>contrib/mysql</filename>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>PQserverVersion()</> to provide more convenient
+       access to the server version number (Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New version of <filename>contrib/btree_gist</> (Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>PQprepare/PQsendPrepared()</> functions to support
+       preparing statements without necessarily specifying the data types
+       of their parameters (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <filename>contrib/trgm</>, trigram matching for
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> (Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Many ECPG improvements, including <command>SET DESCRIPTOR</> (Michael)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Many <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> improvements (Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add double metaphone to <filename>contrib/fuzzystrmatch</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</> to run as a Windows service (Dave Page)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Source Code Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add functions to <filename>contrib/dbsize</> (Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the database server to run natively on Windows (Claudio, Magnus, Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Removed <filename>contrib/pg_logger</>: obsoleted by integrated logging
-        subprocess
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Shell script commands converted to C versions for Windows support (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Removed <filename>contrib/rserv</>: obsoleted by various separate projects
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Create an extension makefile framework (Fabien Coelho, Peter)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This simplifies the task of building extensions outside the original
+       source tree.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Support relocatable installations (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Directory paths for installed files (such as the
+       <filename>/share</> directory) are now computed relative to the
+       actual location of the executables, so that an installation tree
+       can be moved to another place without reconfiguring and
+       rebuilding.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use <option>--with-docdir</> to choose installation location of documentation; also
+       allow <option>--infodir</> (Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-18">
-   <title>Release 7.4.18</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>--without-docdir</> to prevent installation of documentation (Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Upgrade to <application>DocBook</> V4.2 SGML (Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains fixes from 7.4.17.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <literal>PostgreSQL</> <application>CVS</> tag (Marc)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This was done to make it easier for organizations to manage their
+       own copies of the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
+       <application>CVS</> repository. File version stamps from the master
+       repository will not get munged by checking into or out of a copied
+       repository.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.18</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Clarify locking code (Manfred Koizar)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Buffer manager cleanup (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Decouple platform tests from CPU spinlock code (Bruce, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add inlined test-and-set code on PA-RISC for <application>gcc</>
+       (ViSolve, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve i386 spinlock code (Manfred Spraul)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
+       Clean up spinlock assembly code to avoid warnings from newer
+       <application>gcc</> releases (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+       Remove JDBC from source tree; now a separate project
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+       Remove the libpgtcl client interface; now a separate project
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
+       More accurately estimate memory and file descriptor usage (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
-       due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+       Improvements to the Mac OS X startup scripts (Ray A.)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+       New <function>fsync()</> test program (Bruce)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Major documentation improvements (Neil, Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
- 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-17">
-   <title>Release 7.4.17</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <application>pg_encoding</application>; not needed
+       anymore
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <application>pg_id</application>; not needed anymore
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains fixes from 7.4.16,
-    including a security fix.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <application>initlocation</application>; not needed
+       anymore
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.17</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Auto-detect thread flags (no more manual testing) (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use Olson's public domain <application>timezone</> library (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       With threading enabled, use thread flags on Unixware for
+       backend executables too (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Unixware cannot mix threaded and nonthreaded object files in the
+       same executable, so everything must be compiled as threaded.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <application>psql</> now uses a <application>flex</>-generated
+       lexical analyzer to process command strings
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Reimplement the linked list data structure used throughout the
+       backend (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This improves performance by allowing list append and length
+       operations to be more efficient.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Allow dynamically loaded modules to create their own server configuration
+       parameters (Thomas Hallgren)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New Brazilian version of FAQ (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add French FAQ (Guillaume Lelarge)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       New <application>pgevent</> for Windows logging
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 7.4.15)
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Make libpq and ECPG build as proper shared libraries on OS X (Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
     </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
- 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-16">
-   <title>Release 7.4.16</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.15, including
-    a security fix.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.16</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Contrib Changes</title>
     <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove security vulnerability that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      The vulnerability involves suppressing the normal check that a SQL
-      function returns the data type it's declared to, or changing the
-      data type of a table column used in a SQL function (CVE-2007-0555).
-      This error can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Overhaul of <filename>contrib/dblink</> (Joe)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       <filename>contrib/dbmirror</> improvements (Steven Singer)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       New <filename>contrib/xml2</> (John Gray, Torchbox)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Updated <filename>contrib/mysql</filename>
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-15">
-   <title>Release 7.4.15</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.14.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.15</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+       New version of <filename>contrib/btree_gist</> (Teodor)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
-       among other things.
+       New <filename>contrib/trgm</>, trigram matching for
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> (Teodor)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
-        <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Many <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> improvements (Teodor)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
-       empty elements (Tom)
+       Add double metaphone to <filename>contrib/fuzzystrmatch</> (Andrew)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
-       are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
-       new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+       Allow <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</> to run as a Windows service (Dave Page)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
-       change the output of these functions.
+       Add functions to <filename>contrib/dbsize</> (Andreas Pflug)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+       Removed <filename>contrib/pg_logger</>: obsoleted by integrated logging
+       subprocess
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+       Removed <filename>contrib/rserv</>: obsoleted by various separate projects
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
     </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-14">
-   <title>Release 7.4.14</title>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-19">
+  <title>Release 7.4.19</title>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.13.
-   </para>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.14</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.18,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.19</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
+   </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
-ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
-  matches for the separator string</para>
-<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
-  <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
-  (Teodor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Adjust regression tests for recent changes in US DST laws
-</para> </listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-13">
-   <title>Release 7.4.13</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <para>
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.12,
-    including patches for extremely serious security issues.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Repair assorted bugs in the regular-expression package (Tom, Will Drewry)
+     </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.13</title>
+     <para>
+      Suitably crafted regular-expression patterns could cause crashes,
+      infinite or near-infinite looping, and/or massive memory consumption,
+      all of which pose denial-of-service hazards for applications that
+      accept regex search patterns from untrustworthy sources.
+      (CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
 
-    <para>
-     Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
-     CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
-     code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
-     into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
-     ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
-     most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
-     libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
-     <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
-     rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+     <para>
+      The fix that appeared for this in 7.4.18 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix planner failure in some cases of <literal>WHERE false AND var IN
+      (SELECT ...)</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
-characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
-<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
-some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
-textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
-defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
-<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
-described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
-<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
-literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
-<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
-GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
-A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
-adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
-CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
-<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
-clients are insecure.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Python to not crash on long exception messages (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
-aware of encoding considerations and
-<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
-<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
-issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
-them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
-Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
-concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
-<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
-for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
-do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
-routines instead.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>ecpg</> parser fixes (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
-<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>alt_to_iso</>,
-<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
-<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
-extents.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
-(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <type>tsvector</> and <type>tsquery</> output routines to
+      escape backslashes correctly (Teodor, Bruce)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug that sometimes caused OR'd index scans to
-miss rows they should have returned</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash of <function>to_tsvector()</> on huge input strings (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a btree index has been
-truncated</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
-<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
-Fuhr)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for Bonjour on Intel Macs (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-18">
+  <title>Release 7.4.18</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-12">
-   <title>Release 7.4.12</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains fixes from 7.4.17.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.18</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.11.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.12</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix potential crash in <command>SET
-SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
-<para>An unprivileged user could crash the server process, resulting in
-momentary denial of service to other users, if the server has been compiled
-with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
-Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
-rows (Tom)</para>
-<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
-could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
-created in 7.4.9 and 7.3.11 releases.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
-exists</> errors during pg_clog file creation
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
-<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
+      due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
-references to custom operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
-and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-17">
+  <title>Release 7.4.17</title>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-11">
-   <title>Release 7.4.11</title>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <para>
+   This release contains fixes from 7.4.16,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.17</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.10.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.11</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.8.
-     Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
-     columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
-     <application>plperl</> issues described below.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
-outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+     <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+     and operators (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+     truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+     an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+     with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+     See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
-different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
-<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
-to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
-<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
-started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
-<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
-<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
-<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+     <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
-handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 7.4.15)
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
-which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
-XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
-<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
-rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
-what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-16">
+  <title>Release 7.4.16</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-10">
-   <title>Release 7.4.10</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.15, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.16</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.9.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.10</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.8.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove security vulnerability that allowed connected users
+     to read backend memory (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The vulnerability involves suppressing the normal check that a SQL
+     function returns the data type it's declared to, or changing the
+     data type of a table column used in a SQL function (CVE-2007-0555).
+     This error can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+     principle might be used to read database content that the user
+     should not be able to access.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition in transaction log management</para>
-<para>There was a narrow window in which an I/O operation could be initiated
-for the wrong page, leading to an Assert failure or data
-corruption.</para>
-</listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+     due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
-when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/ltree</> fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+     over three bytes long (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>AIX and HPUX compile fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding planning error for outer joins</para>
-<para>This bug sometimes caused a bogus error <quote>RIGHT JOIN is
-only supported with merge-joinable join conditions</>.</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent core dump in <application>pg_autovacuum</> when a
-table has been dropped</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-15">
+  <title>Release 7.4.15</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-9">
-   <title>Release 7.4.9</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.14.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.15</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.8.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.9</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.8.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
-<literal>ctid</> chains too soon, and add more checking in code that follows
-<literal>ctid</> links</para>
-<para>This fixes a long-standing problem that could cause crashes in very rare
-circumstances.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <type>CHAR()</> to properly pad spaces to the specified
-length when using a multiple-byte character set (Yoshiyuki Asaba)</para>
-<para>In prior releases, the padding of <type>CHAR()</> was incorrect
-because it only padded to the specified number of bytes without
-considering how many characters were stored.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix the sense of the test for read-only transaction
-in <command>COPY</></para>
-<para>The code formerly prohibited <command>COPY TO</>, where it should
-prohibit <command>COPY FROM</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix planning problem with outer-join ON clauses that reference
-only the inner-side relation</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Further fixes for <literal>x FULL JOIN y ON true</> corner
-cases</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <function>array_in</> and <function>array_recv</> more
-paranoid about validating their OID parameter</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix missing rows in queries like <literal>UPDATE a=... WHERE
-a...</> with GiST index on column <literal>a</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve robustness of datetime parsing</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve checking for partially-written WAL
-pages</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve robustness of signal handling when SSL is
-enabled</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Don't try to open more than <literal>max_files_per_process</>
-files during postmaster startup</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various memory leakage fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various portability improvements</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix PL/PgSQL to handle <literal>var := var</> correctly when
-the variable is of pass-by-reference type</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Update <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to use current Snowball
-code</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <para>
+      This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
+      among other things.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
+       <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-8">
-   <title>Release 7.4.8</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
+      empty elements (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.7, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
+      are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
+      new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.8</title>
+     <para>
+      This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
+      change the output of these functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     it is one possible way of handling two significant security problems
-     that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
-     catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.8's initdb will
-     automatically correct these problems.
-    </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The larger security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
-     conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
-     users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
-     secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
-     the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
-     be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
-     by the encoding conversion machinery.)
-    </para>
+     <para>
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     The lesser problem is that the <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> module
-     creates several functions that are misdeclared to return
-     <type>internal</> when they do not accept <type>internal</> arguments.
-     This breaks type safety for all functions using <type>internal</>
-     arguments.
-    </para>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-    <para>
-     It is strongly recommended that all installations repair these errors,
-     either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedures given
-     below.  The errors at least allow unprivileged database users to crash
-     their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
-     privileges of a database superuser.
-    </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <para>
-     If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the following procedures instead.
-     As the database superuser, do:
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-14">
+  <title>Release 7.4.14</title>
 
-<programlisting>
-BEGIN;
-UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[3] = 'internal'::regtype
-WHERE pronamespace = 11 AND pronargs = 5
-      AND proargtypes[2] = 'cstring'::regtype;
--- The command should report having updated 90 rows;
--- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
-COMMIT;
-</programlisting>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     Next, if you have installed <filename>contrib/tsearch2</>, do:
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.13.
+  </para>
 
-<programlisting>
-BEGIN;
-UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype
-WHERE oid IN (
-    'dex_init(text)'::regprocedure,
-    'snb_en_init(text)'::regprocedure,
-    'snb_ru_init(text)'::regprocedure,
-    'spell_init(text)'::regprocedure,
-    'syn_init(text)'::regprocedure
-);
--- The command should report having updated 5 rows;
--- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
-COMMIT;
-</programlisting>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.14</title>
 
-     If this command fails with a message like <quote>function
-     "dex_init(text)" does not exist</>, then either <filename>tsearch2</>
-     is not installed in this database, or you already did the update.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
-     of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
-     including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
-     template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
-     the same errors.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
-     as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
-     additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
-<programlisting>
-UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
-</programlisting>
-      Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
-      procedures.  Finally, do:
-<programlisting>
--- re-freeze template0:
-VACUUM FREEZE;
--- and protect it against future alterations:
-UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
-</programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
-misuse</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Change <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to avoid unsafe use of
-<type>INTERNAL</> function results</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair ancient race condition that allowed a transaction to be
-seen as committed for some purposes (eg SELECT FOR UPDATE) slightly sooner
-than for other purposes</para>
-<para>This is an extremely serious bug since it could lead to apparent
-data inconsistencies being briefly visible to applications.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair race condition between relation extension and
-VACUUM</para>
-<para>This could theoretically have caused loss of a page's worth of
-freshly-inserted data, although the scenario seems of very low probability.
-There are no known cases of it having caused more than an Assert failure.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix comparisons of <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para>
-<para>
-The comparison code was wrong in the case where the
-<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
-NOTE: if you have an index on a <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> column,
-it will need to be <command>REINDEX</>ed after installing this update, because
-the fix corrects the sort order of column values.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH)</> for
-<type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix mis-display of negative fractional seconds in
-<type>INTERVAL</> values</para>
-<para>
-This error only occurred when the
-<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Ensure operations done during backend shutdown are counted by
-statistics collector</para>
-<para>
- This is expected to resolve reports of <application>pg_autovacuum</>
- not vacuuming the system catalogs often enough &mdash; it was not being
- told about catalog deletions caused by temporary table removal during
- backend exit.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Additional buffer overrun checks in plpgsql
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix pg_dump to dump trigger names containing <literal>%</>
-correctly (Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</> for newer OpenSSL builds
-(Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Still more 64-bit fixes for
-<filename>contrib/intagg</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent incorrect optimization of functions returning
-<type>RECORD</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent <function>to_char(interval)</> from dumping core for
-month-related formats</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent crash on <literal>COALESCE(NULL,NULL)</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>array_map</> to call PL functions correctly</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix permission checking in <command>ALTER DATABASE RENAME</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <function>RemoveFromWaitQueue</> clean up after itself</para>
-<para>
-This fixes a lock management error that would only be visible if a transaction
-was kicked out of a wait for a lock (typically by query cancel) and then the
-holder of the lock released it within a very narrow window.
+<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
+ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
+ matches for the separator string</para>
+<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with untyped parameter appearing in
-<command>INSERT ... SELECT</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>CLUSTER</> failure after
-<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
+ <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
+ (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Adjust regression tests for recent changes in US DST laws
+</para> </listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-7">
-   <title>Release 7.4.7</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-13">
+  <title>Release 7.4.13</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.12,
+   including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.13</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.6, including several
-    security-related issues.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.7</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
+    CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
+    code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
+    into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
+    ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
+    most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
+    libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
+    <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
+    rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
-<para>
-On platforms that will automatically execute initialization functions of a
-shared library (this includes at least Windows and ELF-based Unixen),
-<command>LOAD</> can be used to make the server execute arbitrary code.
-Thanks to NGS Software for reporting this.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Check that creator of an aggregate function has the right to
-execute the specified transition functions</para>
-<para>
-This oversight made it possible to bypass denial of EXECUTE
-permission on a function.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix security and 64-bit issues in
-contrib/intagg</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Add needed STRICT marking to some contrib functions (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid buffer overrun when plpgsql cursor declaration has too
-many parameters (Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix planning error for FULL and RIGHT outer joins</para>
-<para>
-The result of the join was mistakenly supposed to be sorted the same as the
-left input.  This could not only deliver mis-sorted output to the user, but
-in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
+<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
+characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
+<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
+some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
+textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
+defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix plperl for quote marks in tuple fields</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix display of negative intervals in SQL and GERMAN
-datestyles</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make age(timestamptz) do calculation in local timezone not
-GMT</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
+<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
+described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
+<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
+literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
+<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
+GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
+A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
+adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
+CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
+<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
+clients are insecure.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
+aware of encoding considerations and
+<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
+<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
+issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
+them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
+Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
+concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
+<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
+for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
+do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
+routines instead.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
+<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>alt_to_iso</>,
+<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
+<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
+extents.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
+(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug that sometimes caused OR'd index scans to
+miss rows they should have returned</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a btree index has been
+truncated</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
+<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
+Fuhr)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix for Bonjour on Intel Macs (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-6">
-   <title>Release 7.4.6</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.5.
-   </para>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-12">
+  <title>Release 7.4.12</title>
 
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.6</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.11.
+  </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.12</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
-<para>
-Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
-<quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
-it as a potential-data-loss bug.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
-<para>
-Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
-left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Disallow running <application>pg_ctl</> as root</para>
-<para>
-This is to guard against any possible security issues.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in <filename>/tmp</> in <command>make_oidjoins_check</command></para>
-<para>
-This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
-concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent forced backend shutdown from re-emitting prior command
-result</para>
-<para>
-In rare cases, a client might think that its last command had succeeded when
-it really had been aborted by forced database shutdown.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair bug in <function>pg_stat_get_backend_idset</function></para>
-<para>
-This could lead to misbehavior in some of the system-statistics views.
+
+<listitem><para>Fix potential crash in <command>SET
+SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
+<para>An unprivileged user could crash the server process, resulting in
+momentary denial of service to other users, if the server has been compiled
+with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
+Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix small memory leak in postmaster</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <quote>expected both swapped tables to have TOAST
-tables</> bug</para>
-<para>
-This could arise in cases such as CLUSTER after ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
+rows (Tom)</para>
+<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
+could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
+created in 7.4.9 and 7.3.11 releases.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent <literal>pg_ctl restart</> from adding <literal>-D</> multiple times</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with NULL values in GiST indexes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><literal>::</> is no longer interpreted as a variable in an
-ECPG prepare statement</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
+exists</> errors during pg_clog file creation
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
+<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
+references to custom operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
+and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-5">
-   <title>Release 7.4.5</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-11">
+  <title>Release 7.4.11</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-08-18</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.10.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.11</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains one serious bug fix over 7.4.4.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.8.
+    Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
+    columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
+    <application>plperl</> issues described below.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.5</title>
+<itemizedlist>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
+outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
+different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
+<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns.</para></listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Repair possible crash during concurrent B-tree index insertions</para>
-<para>
-This patch fixes a rare case in which concurrent insertions into a B-tree index
-could result in a server panic.  No permanent damage would result, but it's
-still worth a re-release.  The bug does not exist in pre-7.4 releases.
+<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
+to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
+<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
+started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
+<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
+<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
+<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
+handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
 </para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
+which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
+XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
+<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
+rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
+what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-4">
-   <title>Release 7.4.4</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-10">
+  <title>Release 7.4.10</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.9.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.10</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.3.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.8.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.4</title>
+<itemizedlist>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition in transaction log management</para>
+<para>There was a narrow window in which an I/O operation could be initiated
+for the wrong page, leading to an Assert failure or data
+corruption.</para>
+</listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
+when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
-<para>
-Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
-it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
-checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
-restart.  This is a serious bug that has existed
-since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Check HAVING restriction before evaluating result list of an
-aggregate plan</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid crash when session's current user ID is deleted</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix hashed crosstab for zero-rows case (Joe)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Force cache update after renaming a column in a foreign key</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Pretty-print UNION queries correctly</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make psql handle <literal>\r\n</> newlines properly in COPY IN</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><application>pg_dump</> handled ACLs with grant options incorrectly</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix thread support for OS X and Solaris</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Updated JDBC driver (build 215) with various fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>ECPG fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/ltree</> fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+<listitem><para>AIX and HPUX compile fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-3">
-   <title>Release 7.4.3</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding planning error for outer joins</para>
+<para>This bug sometimes caused a bogus error <quote>RIGHT JOIN is
+only supported with merge-joinable join conditions</>.</para></listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-06-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+<listitem><para>Prevent core dump in <application>pg_autovacuum</> when a
+table has been dropped</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.2.
-   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-9">
+  <title>Release 7.4.9</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.3</title>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.8.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.9</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.8.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix temporary memory leak when using non-hashed aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>ECPG fixes, including some for Informix compatibility (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for compiling with thread-safety, particularly Solaris (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix error in COPY IN termination when using the old network protocol (ljb)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Several important fixes in pg_autovacuum, including fixes for
-large tables, unsigned oids, stability, temp tables, and debug mode
-(Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with reading tar-format dumps on NetBSD and BSD/OS (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Several JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART where last_value equals the restart value (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair failure to recalculate nested sub-selects (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with non-constant expressions in LIMIT/OFFSET</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Support FULL JOIN with no join clause, such as X FULL JOIN Y ON TRUE (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix another zero-column table bug (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve handling of non-qualified identifiers in GROUP BY clauses in sub-selects (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-Select-list aliases within the sub-select will now take precedence over
-names from outer query levels.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Do not generate <quote>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> when decompiling rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Add checks for invalid field length in binary COPY (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-  This fixes a difficult-to-exploit security hole.
+<listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
+<literal>ctid</> chains too soon, and add more checking in code that follows
+<literal>ctid</> links</para>
+<para>This fixes a long-standing problem that could cause crashes in very rare
+circumstances.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <type>CHAR()</> to properly pad spaces to the specified
+length when using a multiple-byte character set (Yoshiyuki Asaba)</para>
+<para>In prior releases, the padding of <type>CHAR()</> was incorrect
+because it only padded to the specified number of bytes without
+considering how many characters were stored.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix the sense of the test for read-only transaction
+in <command>COPY</></para>
+<para>The code formerly prohibited <command>COPY TO</>, where it should
+prohibit <command>COPY FROM</>.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid locking conflict between <command>ANALYZE</command> and <command>LISTEN</command>/<command>NOTIFY</command></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Numerous translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix planning problem with outer-join ON clauses that reference
+only the inner-side relation</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Further fixes for <literal>x FULL JOIN y ON true</> corner
+cases</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <function>array_in</> and <function>array_recv</> more
+paranoid about validating their OID parameter</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix missing rows in queries like <literal>UPDATE a=... WHERE
+a...</> with GiST index on column <literal>a</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve robustness of datetime parsing</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve checking for partially-written WAL
+pages</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve robustness of signal handling when SSL is
+enabled</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Don't try to open more than <literal>max_files_per_process</>
+files during postmaster startup</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various memory leakage fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various portability improvements</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix PL/PgSQL to handle <literal>var := var</> correctly when
+the variable is of pass-by-reference type</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Update <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to use current Snowball
+code</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-2">
-   <title>Release 7.4.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-8">
+  <title>Release 7.4.8</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-03-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.7, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.8</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.2</title>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    it is one possible way of handling two significant security problems
+    that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
+    catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.8's initdb will
+    automatically correct these problems.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     it might be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for
-     two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
-     catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will
-     automatically correct these problems.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    The larger security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
+    conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
+    users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
+    secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
+    the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
+    be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
+    by the encoding conversion machinery.)
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The more severe of the two errors is that data type <type>anyarray</>
-     has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the
-     <structname>pg_statistic</> system catalog uses <type>anyarray</>
-     columns.  The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even
-     crashes when planning queries that involve <literal>WHERE</> clauses on
-     double-aligned columns (such as <type>float8</> and <type>timestamp</>).
-     It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
-     either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
-     below.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    The lesser problem is that the <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> module
+    creates several functions that are misdeclared to return
+    <type>internal</> when they do not accept <type>internal</> arguments.
+    This breaks type safety for all functions using <type>internal</>
+    arguments.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The lesser error is that the system view <structname>pg_settings</>
-     ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow
-     <literal>UPDATE pg_settings</> to be used as a substitute for
-     <command>SET</>.  This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually,
-     but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use <literal>UPDATE
-     pg_settings</>.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    It is strongly recommended that all installations repair these errors,
+    either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedures given
+    below.  The errors at least allow unprivileged database users to crash
+    their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
+    privileges of a database superuser.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work
-     for fixing <structname>pg_statistic</>.  As the database superuser,
-     do:
+   <para>
+    If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the following procedures instead.
+    As the database superuser, do:
 
 <programlisting>
--- clear out old data in pg_statistic:
-DELETE FROM pg_statistic;
-VACUUM pg_statistic;
--- this should update 1 row:
-UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277;
--- this should update 6 rows:
-UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277;
---
--- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash!
---
--- repopulate pg_statistic:
-ANALYZE;
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[3] = 'internal'::regtype
+WHERE pronamespace = 11 AND pronargs = 5
+     AND proargtypes[2] = 'cstring'::regtype;
+-- The command should report having updated 90 rows;
+-- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
+COMMIT;
 </programlisting>
 
-     This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends
-     running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to
-     repopulate <structname>pg_statistic</>.
-    </para>
+    Next, if you have installed <filename>contrib/tsearch2</>, do:
 
-    <para>
-     To repair the <structname>pg_settings</> error, simply do:
 <programlisting>
-GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype
+WHERE oid IN (
+   'dex_init(text)'::regprocedure,
+   'snb_en_init(text)'::regprocedure,
+   'snb_ru_init(text)'::regprocedure,
+   'spell_init(text)'::regprocedure,
+   'syn_init(text)'::regprocedure
+);
+-- The command should report having updated 5 rows;
+-- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
+COMMIT;
 </programlisting>
-    </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
-     of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
-     including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
-     template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
-     the same errors.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
-     as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
-     additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
+    If this command fails with a message like <quote>function
+    "dex_init(text)" does not exist</>, then either <filename>tsearch2</>
+    is not installed in this database, or you already did the update.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
+    of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
+    including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
+    template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
+    the same errors.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
+    as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
+    additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
 <programlisting>
 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
 </programlisting>
-      Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
-      procedures.  Finally, do:
+     Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
+     procedures.  Finally, do:
 <programlisting>
 -- re-freeze template0:
 VACUUM FREEZE;
 -- and protect it against future alterations:
 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
 </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-<para>
-    Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6,
-    plus the following fixes:
-</para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix <structname>pg_statistics</> alignment bug that could crash optimizer</para>
-<para>See above for details about this problem.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow non-super users to update <structname>pg_settings</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to
-<quote>variable not found in subplan target lists</> errors</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple
-index scan</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix multibyte problem that could lead to <quote>out of
-memory</> error during <command>COPY IN</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with <command>SELECT INTO</> / <command>CREATE
-TABLE AS</> from tables without OIDs</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with <filename>alter_table</> regression test
-during parallel testing</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues</para>
-<para>initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some
-inconveniences associated with the <literal>i/I</> problem.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Other minor pg_dump fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Added ecpg <literal>WHENEVER NOT_FOUND</> to
-<literal>SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</> (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for Borland compiler</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Thread build improvements (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various other build fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
+misuse</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to avoid unsafe use of
+<type>INTERNAL</> function results</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair ancient race condition that allowed a transaction to be
+seen as committed for some purposes (eg SELECT FOR UPDATE) slightly sooner
+than for other purposes</para>
+<para>This is an extremely serious bug since it could lead to apparent
+data inconsistencies being briefly visible to applications.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair race condition between relation extension and
+VACUUM</para>
+<para>This could theoretically have caused loss of a page's worth of
+freshly-inserted data, although the scenario seems of very low probability.
+There are no known cases of it having caused more than an Assert failure.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix comparisons of <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para>
+<para>
+The comparison code was wrong in the case where the
+<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
+NOTE: if you have an index on a <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> column,
+it will need to be <command>REINDEX</>ed after installing this update, because
+the fix corrects the sort order of column values.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH)</> for
+<type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix mis-display of negative fractional seconds in
+<type>INTERVAL</> values</para>
+<para>
+This error only occurred when the
+<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Ensure operations done during backend shutdown are counted by
+statistics collector</para>
+<para>
+This is expected to resolve reports of <application>pg_autovacuum</>
+not vacuuming the system catalogs often enough &mdash; it was not being
+told about catalog deletions caused by temporary table removal during
+backend exit.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Additional buffer overrun checks in plpgsql
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix pg_dump to dump trigger names containing <literal>%</>
+correctly (Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</> for newer OpenSSL builds
+(Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Still more 64-bit fixes for
+<filename>contrib/intagg</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent incorrect optimization of functions returning
+<type>RECORD</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <function>to_char(interval)</> from dumping core for
+month-related formats</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent crash on <literal>COALESCE(NULL,NULL)</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>array_map</> to call PL functions correctly</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix permission checking in <command>ALTER DATABASE RENAME</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <function>RemoveFromWaitQueue</> clean up after itself</para>
+<para>
+This fixes a lock management error that would only be visible if a transaction
+was kicked out of a wait for a lock (typically by query cancel) and then the
+holder of the lock released it within a very narrow window.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with untyped parameter appearing in
+<command>INSERT ... SELECT</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>CLUSTER</> failure after
+<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</></para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-1">
-   <title>Release 7.4.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-7">
+  <title>Release 7.4.7</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-12-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.6, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.7</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.1</title>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
+<para>
+On platforms that will automatically execute initialization functions of a
+shared library (this includes at least Windows and ELF-based Unixen),
+<command>LOAD</> can be used to make the server execute arbitrary code.
+Thanks to NGS Software for reporting this.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Check that creator of an aggregate function has the right to
+execute the specified transition functions</para>
+<para>
+This oversight made it possible to bypass denial of EXECUTE
+permission on a function.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix security and 64-bit issues in
+contrib/intagg</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Add needed STRICT marking to some contrib functions (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid buffer overrun when plpgsql cursor declaration has too
+many parameters (Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix planning error for FULL and RIGHT outer joins</para>
+<para>
+The result of the join was mistakenly supposed to be sorted the same as the
+left input.  This could not only deliver mis-sorted output to the user, but
+in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix plperl for quote marks in tuple fields</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix display of negative intervals in SQL and GERMAN
+datestyles</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make age(timestamptz) do calculation in local timezone not
+GMT</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-6">
+  <title>Release 7.4.6</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.5.
+  </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-     running 7.4.
-    </para>
 
-    <para>
-     If you want to install the fixes in the information schema
-     you need to reload it into the database.
-     This is either accomplished by initializing a new cluster
-     by running <command>initdb</command>, or by running the following
-     sequence of SQL commands in each database (ideally including
-     <literal>template1</literal>) as a superuser in
-     <application>psql</application>, after installing the new release:
-<programlisting>
-DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
-\i /usr/local/pgsql/share/information_schema.sql
-</programlisting>
-     Substitute your installation path in the second command.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.6</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fixed bug in <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> parsing in ECPG (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix compile error when <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> and <option>--with-perl</option> are used together (Peter)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix for subqueries that used hash joins (Tom)</para>
+<listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
 <para>
-    Certain subqueries that used hash joins would crash because of
-    improperly shared structures.
+Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
+<quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
+it as a potential-data-loss bug.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix free space map compaction bug (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-    This fixes a bug where compaction of the free space map could lead
-    to a database server shutdown.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix for Borland compiler build of libpq (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>netmask()</function> and <function>hostmask()</function> to return the maximum-length masklen (Tom)</para>
+<listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
 <para>
-    Fix these functions to return values consistent with pre-7.4
-    releases.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</filename> fixes</para>
+Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
+left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Disallow running <application>pg_ctl</> as root</para>
 <para>
-    Fixes include improper variable initialization, missing vacuum after
-    <command>TRUNCATE</command>, and duration computation overflow for long vacuums.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow compile of <filename>contrib/cube</filename> under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix Solaris use of password file when no passwords are defined (Tom)</para>
+This is to guard against any possible security issues.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in <filename>/tmp</> in <command>make_oidjoins_check</command></para>
 <para>
-    Fix crash on Solaris caused by use of any type of password
-    authentication when no passwords were defined.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>JDBC fix for thread problems, other fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix for <type>bytea</type> index lookups (Joe)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix information schema for bit data types (Peter)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <function>PQescapeBytea</function> and <function>byteaout</function> consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Escape <type>bytea</type> output for bytes &gt; 0x7e(Joe)</para>
+This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
+concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent forced backend shutdown from re-emitting prior command
+result</para>
 <para>
-  If different client encodings are used for <type>bytea</type> output and input, it
-  is possible for <type>bytea</type> values to be corrupted by the differing
-  encodings.  This fix escapes all bytes that might be affected.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Added missing <function>SPI_finish()</function> calls to dblink's <function>get_tuple_of_interest()</function> (Joe)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>New Czech FAQ</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix information schema view <literal>constraint_column_usage</literal> for foreign keys (Peter)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>ECPG fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix bug with multiple <literal>IN</literal> subqueries and joins in the subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow <literal>COUNT('x')</literal> to work (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Install ECPG include files for Informix compatibility into separate directory (Peter)</para>
+In rare cases, a client might think that its last command had succeeded when
+it really had been aborted by forced database shutdown.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair bug in <function>pg_stat_get_backend_idset</function></para>
 <para>
-  Some names of ECPG include files for Informix compatibility conflicted with operating system include files.
-  By installing them in their own directory, name conflicts have been reduced.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix SSL memory leak (Neil)</para>
+This could lead to misbehavior in some of the system-statistics views.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix small memory leak in postmaster</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <quote>expected both swapped tables to have TOAST
+tables</> bug</para>
 <para>
-  This release fixes a bug in 7.4 where SSL didn't free all memory it allocated.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent <filename>pg_service.conf</filename> from using service name as default dbname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix local ident authentication on FreeBSD (Tom)</para></listitem>
+This could arise in cases such as CLUSTER after ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <literal>pg_ctl restart</> from adding <literal>-D</> multiple times</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with NULL values in GiST indexes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><literal>::</> is no longer interpreted as a variable in an
+ECPG prepare statement</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
   </sect2>
  </sect1>
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-4">
-  <title>Release 7.4</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-5">
+  <title>Release 7.4.5</title>
 
   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-11-17</simpara>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-08-18</simpara>
   </note>
 
+  <para>
+   This release contains one serious bug fix over 7.4.4.
+  </para>
+
+
   <sect2>
-   <title>Overview</title>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.5</title>
 
    <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      <literal>IN</literal> / <literal>NOT IN</literal> subqueries are
-      now much more efficient
-     </term>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, <literal>IN</literal>/<literal>NOT
-       IN</literal> subqueries were joined to the upper query by
-       sequentially scanning the subquery looking for a match.  The
-       7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques used by
-       ordinary joins and so is much faster.  An
-       <literal>IN</literal> will now usually be as fast as or faster
-       than an equivalent <literal>EXISTS</literal> subquery; this
-       reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to previous
-       releases.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Improved <literal>GROUP BY</literal> processing by using hash buckets
-     </term>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted
-       first.  The 7.4 code can do <literal>GROUP BY</literal>
-       without sorting, by accumulating results into a hash table
-       with one entry per group.  It will still use the sort
-       technique, however, if the hash table is estimated to be too
-       large to fit in <varname>sort_mem</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      New multikey hash join capability
-     </term>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single
-       keys.  This release allows multicolumn hash joins.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Repair possible crash during concurrent B-tree index insertions</para>
+<para>
+This patch fixes a rare case in which concurrent insertions into a B-tree index
+could result in a server panic.  No permanent damage would result, but it's
+still worth a re-release.  The bug does not exist in pre-7.4 releases.
+</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Queries using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax are
-      now better optimized
-     </term>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Prior releases evaluated queries using the explicit
-       <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax only in the order implied by
-       the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of these queries,
-       meaning the optimizer considers all possible join orderings
-       and chooses the most efficient.  Outer joins, however, must
-       still follow the declared ordering.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-4">
+  <title>Release 7.4.4</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Faster and more powerful regular expression code
-     </term>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a
-       new version by Henry Spencer, originally written for Tcl.  The
-       code greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
-       of regular expressions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.3.
+  </para>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Function-inlining for simple SQL functions
-     </term>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
-       in the main query.  This improves performance by eliminating
-       per-call overhead.  That means simple SQL functions now
-       behave like macros.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.4</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address data types
-     </term>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Previous releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP
-       data types only supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds
-       full IPv6 support in both of these areas.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Major improvements in SSL performance and reliability
-     </term>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
+<para>
+Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
+it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
+checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
+restart.  This is a serious bug that has existed
+since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Check HAVING restriction before evaluating result list of an
+aggregate plan</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid crash when session's current user ID is deleted</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix hashed crosstab for zero-rows case (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Force cache update after renaming a column in a foreign key</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Pretty-print UNION queries correctly</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make psql handle <literal>\r\n</> newlines properly in COPY IN</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><application>pg_dump</> handled ACLs with grant options incorrectly</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix thread support for OS X and Solaris</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Updated JDBC driver (build 215) with various fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>ECPG fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled
-       our SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error
-       recovery.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Make free space map efficiently reuse empty index pages,
-      and other free space management improvements
-     </term>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-3">
+  <title>Release 7.4.3</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty
-       because of deleted rows could only be reused by rows with
-       index values similar to the rows originally indexed on that
-       page. In 7.4, <command>VACUUM</command> records empty index
-       pages and allows them to be reused for any future index rows.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-06-14</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      SQL-standard information schema
-     </term>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.2.
+  </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The information schema provides a standardized and stable way
-       to access information about the schema objects defined in a
-       database.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Cursors conform more closely to the SQL standard
-     </term>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.3</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The commands <command>FETCH</command> and
-       <command>MOVE</command> have been overhauled to conform more
-       closely to the SQL standard.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Cursors can exist outside transactions
-     </term>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       These cursors are also called holdable cursors.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix temporary memory leak when using non-hashed aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>ECPG fixes, including some for Informix compatibility (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for compiling with thread-safety, particularly Solaris (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix error in COPY IN termination when using the old network protocol (ljb)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Several important fixes in pg_autovacuum, including fixes for
+large tables, unsigned oids, stability, temp tables, and debug mode
+(Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with reading tar-format dumps on NetBSD and BSD/OS (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Several JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART where last_value equals the restart value (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair failure to recalculate nested sub-selects (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with non-constant expressions in LIMIT/OFFSET</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Support FULL JOIN with no join clause, such as X FULL JOIN Y ON TRUE (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix another zero-column table bug (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve handling of non-qualified identifiers in GROUP BY clauses in sub-selects (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+Select-list aliases within the sub-select will now take precedence over
+names from outer query levels.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Do not generate <quote>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> when decompiling rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Add checks for invalid field length in binary COPY (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+ This fixes a difficult-to-exploit security hole.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid locking conflict between <command>ANALYZE</command> and <command>LISTEN</command>/<command>NOTIFY</command></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Numerous translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      New client-to-server protocol
-     </term>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The new protocol adds error codes, more status information,
-       faster startup, better support for binary data transmission,
-       parameter values separated from SQL commands, prepared
-       statements available at the protocol level, and cleaner
-       recovery from <command>COPY</command> failures.  The older
-       protocol is still supported by both server and clients.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-2">
+  <title>Release 7.4.2</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      <application>libpq</application> and
-      <application>ECPG</application> applications are now fully
-      thread-safe
-     </term>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-03-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       While previous <application>libpq</application> releases
-       already supported threads, this release improves thread safety
-       by fixing some non-thread-safe code that was used during
-       database connection startup.  The <command>configure</command>
-       option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> must be used to
-       enable this feature.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1.
+  </para>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      New version of full-text indexing
-     </term>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       A new full-text indexing suite is available in
-       <filename>contrib/tsearch2</filename>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.2</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      New autovacuum tool
-     </term>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    it might be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for
+    two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
+    catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will
+    automatically correct these problems.
+   </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The new autovacuum tool in
-       <filename>contrib/autovacuum</filename> monitors the database
-       statistics tables for
-       <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
-       activity and automatically vacuums tables when needed.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <para>
+    The more severe of the two errors is that data type <type>anyarray</>
+    has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the
+    <structname>pg_statistic</> system catalog uses <type>anyarray</>
+    columns.  The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even
+    crashes when planning queries that involve <literal>WHERE</> clauses on
+    double-aligned columns (such as <type>float8</> and <type>timestamp</>).
+    It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
+    either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
+    below.
+   </para>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Array handling has been improved and moved into the server core
-     </term>
+   <para>
+    The lesser error is that the system view <structname>pg_settings</>
+    ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow
+    <literal>UPDATE pg_settings</> to be used as a substitute for
+    <command>SET</>.  This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually,
+    but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use <literal>UPDATE
+    pg_settings</>.
+   </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Many array limitations have been removed, and arrays behave
-       more like fully-supported data types.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <para>
+    If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work
+    for fixing <structname>pg_statistic</>.  As the database superuser,
+    do:
 
-   </variablelist>
-  </sect2>
+<programlisting>
+-- clear out old data in pg_statistic:
+DELETE FROM pg_statistic;
+VACUUM pg_statistic;
+-- this should update 1 row:
+UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277;
+-- this should update 6 rows:
+UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277;
+--
+-- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash!
+--
+-- repopulate pg_statistic:
+ANALYZE;
+</programlisting>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.4</title>
+    This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends
+    running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to
+    repopulate <structname>pg_statistic</>.
+   </para>
 
    <para>
-    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
-    required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
-    release.
+    To repair the <structname>pg_settings</> error, simply do:
+<programlisting>
+GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
+</programlisting>
    </para>
 
    <para>
-    Observe the following incompatibilities:
+    The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
+    of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
+    including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
+    template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
+    the same errors.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
+    as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
+    additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
+<programlisting>
+UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
+</programlisting>
+     Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
+     procedures.  Finally, do:
+<programlisting>
+-- re-freeze template0:
+VACUUM FREEZE;
+-- and protect it against future alterations:
+UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
+</programlisting>
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      The server-side autocommit setting was removed and
-      reimplemented in client applications and languages.
-      Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
-      languages and applications that wanted to control their own
-      autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
-      and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Error message wording has changed substantially in this
-      release.  Significant effort was invested to make the messages
-      more consistent and user-oriented.  If your applications try to
-      detect different error conditions by parsing the error message,
-      you are strongly encouraged to use the new error code facility instead.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<para>
+   Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6,
+   plus the following fixes:
+</para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Inner joins using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax
-      might behave differently because they are now better
-      optimized.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix <structname>pg_statistics</> alignment bug that could crash optimizer</para>
+<para>See above for details about this problem.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow non-super users to update <structname>pg_settings</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to
+<quote>variable not found in subplan target lists</> errors</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple
+index scan</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix multibyte problem that could lead to <quote>out of
+memory</> error during <command>COPY IN</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with <command>SELECT INTO</> / <command>CREATE
+TABLE AS</> from tables without OIDs</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with <filename>alter_table</> regression test
+during parallel testing</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues</para>
+<para>initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some
+inconveniences associated with the <literal>i/I</> problem.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Other minor pg_dump fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Added ecpg <literal>WHENEVER NOT_FOUND</> to
+<literal>SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</> (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for Borland compiler</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Thread build improvements (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various other build fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      A number of server configuration parameters have been renamed
-      for clarity, primarily those related to
-      logging.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <literal>FETCH 0</literal> or <literal>MOVE 0</literal> now
-      does nothing.  In prior releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal>
-      would fetch all remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal>
-      would move to the end of the cursor.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-1">
+  <title>Release 7.4.1</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> now return
-      the actual number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
-      beginning/end of the cursor.  Prior releases would return the
-      row count passed to the command, not the number of rows
-      actually fetched or moved.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-12-22</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <command>COPY</command> now can process files that use
-      carriage-return or carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line
-      sequences. Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
-      longer accepted in data values; use <literal>\r</literal> and
-      <literal>\n</literal> instead.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.
+  </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting from type
-      <type>char(<replaceable>n</>)</type> to
-      <type>varchar(<replaceable>n</>)</type> or <type>text</type>.
-      This is what most people always expected to happen anyway.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      The data type <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</type> now
-      measures <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal
-      digits.  The new behavior follows the SQL standard.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.1</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by
-      the <varname>datestyle</varname> setting.  In prior releases, a
-      date specification of <literal>10/20/03</> was interpreted as a
-      date in October even if <varname>datestyle</> specified that
-      the day should be first.  7.4 will throw an error if a date
-      specification is invalid for the current setting of
-      <varname>datestyle</>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+    running 7.4.
+   </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      The functions <function>oidrand</function>,
-      <function>oidsrand</function>, and
-      <function>userfntest</function> have been removed.  These
-      functions were determined to be no longer useful.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <para>
+    If you want to install the fixes in the information schema
+    you need to reload it into the database.
+    This is either accomplished by initializing a new cluster
+    by running <command>initdb</command>, or by running the following
+    sequence of SQL commands in each database (ideally including
+    <literal>template1</literal>) as a superuser in
+    <application>psql</application>, after installing the new release:
+<programlisting>
+DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
+\i /usr/local/pgsql/share/information_schema.sql
+</programlisting>
+    Substitute your installation path in the second command.
+   </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      String literals specifying time-varying date/time values, such
-      as <literal>'now'</literal> or <literal>'today'</literal> will
-      no longer work as expected in column default expressions; they
-      now cause the time of the table creation to be the default, not
-      the time of the insertion.  Functions such as
-      <function>now()</>, <function>current_timestamp</>, or
-      <function>current_date</function> should be used instead.
-     </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fixed bug in <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> parsing in ECPG (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix compile error when <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> and <option>--with-perl</option> are used together (Peter)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix for subqueries that used hash joins (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+   Certain subqueries that used hash joins would crash because of
+   improperly shared structures.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix free space map compaction bug (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+   This fixes a bug where compaction of the free space map could lead
+   to a database server shutdown.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix for Borland compiler build of libpq (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>netmask()</function> and <function>hostmask()</function> to return the maximum-length masklen (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+   Fix these functions to return values consistent with pre-7.4
+   releases.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</filename> fixes</para>
+<para>
+   Fixes include improper variable initialization, missing vacuum after
+   <command>TRUNCATE</command>, and duration computation overflow for long vacuums.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow compile of <filename>contrib/cube</filename> under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix Solaris use of password file when no passwords are defined (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+   Fix crash on Solaris caused by use of any type of password
+   authentication when no passwords were defined.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>JDBC fix for thread problems, other fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix for <type>bytea</type> index lookups (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix information schema for bit data types (Peter)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <function>PQescapeBytea</function> and <function>byteaout</function> consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Escape <type>bytea</type> output for bytes &gt; 0x7e(Joe)</para>
+<para>
+ If different client encodings are used for <type>bytea</type> output and input, it
+ is possible for <type>bytea</type> values to be corrupted by the differing
+ encodings.  This fix escapes all bytes that might be affected.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Added missing <function>SPI_finish()</function> calls to dblink's <function>get_tuple_of_interest()</function> (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>New Czech FAQ</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix information schema view <literal>constraint_column_usage</literal> for foreign keys (Peter)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>ECPG fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug with multiple <literal>IN</literal> subqueries and joins in the subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow <literal>COUNT('x')</literal> to work (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Install ECPG include files for Informix compatibility into separate directory (Peter)</para>
+<para>
+ Some names of ECPG include files for Informix compatibility conflicted with operating system include files.
+ By installing them in their own directory, name conflicts have been reduced.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix SSL memory leak (Neil)</para>
+<para>
+ This release fixes a bug in 7.4 where SSL didn't free all memory it allocated.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <filename>pg_service.conf</filename> from using service name as default dbname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix local ident authentication on FreeBSD (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-     <para>
-      In previous releases, there was special code so that strings
-      such as <literal>'now'</literal> were interpreted at
-      <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
-      this work around didn't cover all cases.  Release 7.4 now
-      requires that defaults be defined properly using functions such
-      as <function>now()</> or <function>current_timestamp</>. These
-      will work in all situations.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      The dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in
-      operator names.  It can instead be a non-first character in
-      identifiers.  This was done to improve compatibility with other
-      database systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter
-      placeholders (<literal>$<replaceable>n</></>) are written
-      adjacent to operators.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<sect1 id="release-7-4">
+ <title>Release 7.4</title>
 
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-11-17</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Overview</title>
 
-   <para>
-    Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
-    release 7.4 and the previous major release.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Server Operation Changes</title>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <literal>IN</literal> / <literal>NOT IN</literal> subqueries are
+     now much more efficient
+    </term>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan,
-      Bruce, Tom, Kurt Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)
+      In previous releases, <literal>IN</literal>/<literal>NOT
+      IN</literal> subqueries were joined to the upper query by
+      sequentially scanning the subquery looking for a match.  The
+      7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques used by
+      ordinary joins and so is much faster.  An
+      <literal>IN</literal> will now usually be as fast as or faster
+      than an equivalent <literal>EXISTS</literal> subquery; this
+      reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to previous
+      releases.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
-      handled correctly.  This release fixes those problems.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Improved <literal>GROUP BY</literal> processing by using hash buckets
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor
-      SSL performance.  Also, initial key handling was improved.
+      In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted
+      first.  The 7.4 code can do <literal>GROUP BY</literal>
+      without sorting, by accumulating results into a hash table
+      with one entry per group.  It will still use the sort
+      technique, however, if the hash table is estimated to be too
+      large to fit in <varname>sort_mem</>.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     New multikey hash join capability
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
-      regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
-      cleaner administration scripts from removing server socket
-      files.
+      In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single
+      keys.  This release allows multicolumn hash joins.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Queries using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax are
+     now better optimized
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Make B-tree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
      <para>
-      In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash
-      could cause B-tree indexes to become corrupt. This release
-      removes those last few rare cases.
+      Prior releases evaluated queries using the explicit
+      <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax only in the order implied by
+      the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of these queries,
+      meaning the optimizer considers all possible join orderings
+      and chooses the most efficient.  Outer joins, however, must
+      still follow the declared ordering.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow B-tree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Faster and more powerful regular expression code
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two
-      pages, there was a brief period when another database session
-      could miss seeing an index entry.  This release fixes that rare
-      failure case.
+      The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a
+      new version by Henry Spencer, originally written for Tcl.  The
+      code greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
+      of regular expressions.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Function-inlining for simple SQL functions
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Preserve free space information between server restarts (Tom)</para>
      <para>
-      In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
-      postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free
-      space information. This release saves the free space map, and
-      reloads it when the server is restarted.
+      Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
+      in the main query.  This improves performance by eliminating
+      per-call overhead.  That means simple SQL functions now
+      behave like macros.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem><para>Add start time to <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Neil)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with <varname>zero_damaged_pages</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow clean exit from <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add transaction status, table ID, column ID to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add binary I/O to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Performance Improvements</title>
-
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Add hashing for <literal>GROUP BY</literal> aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Make nested-loop joins be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow multikey hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address data types
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
      <para>
-      In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
-      not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
-      freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
-      completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
+      Previous releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP
+      data types only supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds
+      full IPv6 support in both of these areas.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This release fixes several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
-      manages potential query paths.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Major improvements in SSL performance and reliability
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow <literal>IN</>/<literal>NOT IN</> to be handled via hash
-      tables (Tom)
+      Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled
+      our SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error
+      recovery.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Make free space map efficiently reuse empty index pages,
+     and other free space management improvements
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Improve <literal>NOT IN (<replaceable>subquery</>)</literal>
-      performance (Tom)
+      In previous releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty
+      because of deleted rows could only be reused by rows with
+      index values similar to the rows originally indexed on that
+      page. In 7.4, <command>VACUUM</command> records empty index
+      pages and allows them to be reused for any future index rows.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     SQL-standard information schema
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow most <literal>IN</literal> subqueries to be processed as
-      joins (Tom)
+      The information schema provides a standardized and stable way
+      to access information about the schema objects defined in a
+      database.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Cursors conform more closely to the SQL standard
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless of
-      locale (Peter)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use the standard
-      indexes for <literal>LIKE</literal> comparisons. This release
-      adds a way to create a special index for
-      <literal>LIKE</literal>.
+      The commands <command>FETCH</command> and
+      <command>MOVE</command> have been overhauled to conform more
+      closely to the SQL standard.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Cursors can exist outside transactions
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using <varname>preload_libraries</varname> (Joe)</para>
      <para>
-      For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this
-      option is available so the library can be preloaded in the
-      postmaster and inherited by all database sessions.
+      These cursors are also called holdable cursors.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     New client-to-server protocol
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)
+      The new protocol adds error codes, more status information,
+      faster startup, better support for binary data transmission,
+      parameter values separated from SQL commands, prepared
+      statements available at the protocol level, and cleaner
+      recovery from <command>COPY</command> failures.  The older
+      protocol is still supported by both server and clients.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <application>libpq</application> and
+     <application>ECPG</application> applications are now fully
+     thread-safe
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Avoid sort when subquery <literal>ORDER BY</literal> matches upper query (Tom)
+      While previous <application>libpq</application> releases
+      already supported threads, this release improves thread safety
+      by fixing some non-thread-safe code that was used during
+      database connection startup.  The <command>configure</command>
+      option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> must be used to
+      enable this feature.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     New version of full-text indexing
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Deduce that <literal>WHERE a.x = b.y AND b.y = 42</literal> also
-      means <literal>a.x = 42</literal> (Tom)
+      A new full-text indexing suite is available in
+      <filename>contrib/tsearch2</filename>.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     New autovacuum tool
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)
+      The new autovacuum tool in
+      <filename>contrib/autovacuum</filename> monitors the database
+      statistics tables for
+      <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
+      activity and automatically vacuums tables when needed.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Array handling has been improved and moved into the server core
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)
+      Many array limitations have been removed, and arrays behave
+      more like fully-supported data types.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+  </variablelist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.4</title>
+
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
+   required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
+   release.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Observe the following incompatibilities:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The server-side autocommit setting was removed and
+     reimplemented in client applications and languages.
+     Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
+     languages and applications that wanted to control their own
+     autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
+     and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Error message wording has changed substantially in this
+     release.  Significant effort was invested to make the messages
+     more consistent and user-oriented.  If your applications try to
+     detect different error conditions by parsing the error message,
+     you are strongly encouraged to use the new error code facility instead.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Inner joins using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax
+     might behave differently because they are now better
+     optimized.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     A number of server configuration parameters have been renamed
+     for clarity, primarily those related to
+     logging.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>FETCH 0</literal> or <literal>MOVE 0</literal> now
+     does nothing.  In prior releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal>
+     would fetch all remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal>
+     would move to the end of the cursor.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> now return
+     the actual number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
+     beginning/end of the cursor.  Prior releases would return the
+     row count passed to the command, not the number of rows
+     actually fetched or moved.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>COPY</command> now can process files that use
+     carriage-return or carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line
+     sequences. Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
+     longer accepted in data values; use <literal>\r</literal> and
+     <literal>\n</literal> instead.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting from type
+     <type>char(<replaceable>n</>)</type> to
+     <type>varchar(<replaceable>n</>)</type> or <type>text</type>.
+     This is what most people always expected to happen anyway.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The data type <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</type> now
+     measures <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal
+     digits.  The new behavior follows the SQL standard.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by
+     the <varname>datestyle</varname> setting.  In prior releases, a
+     date specification of <literal>10/20/03</> was interpreted as a
+     date in October even if <varname>datestyle</> specified that
+     the day should be first.  7.4 will throw an error if a date
+     specification is invalid for the current setting of
+     <varname>datestyle</>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The functions <function>oidrand</function>,
+     <function>oidsrand</function>, and
+     <function>userfntest</function> have been removed.  These
+     functions were determined to be no longer useful.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     String literals specifying time-varying date/time values, such
+     as <literal>'now'</literal> or <literal>'today'</literal> will
+     no longer work as expected in column default expressions; they
+     now cause the time of the table creation to be the default, not
+     the time of the insertion.  Functions such as
+     <function>now()</>, <function>current_timestamp</>, or
+     <function>current_date</function> should be used instead.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+     In previous releases, there was special code so that strings
+     such as <literal>'now'</literal> were interpreted at
+     <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
+     this work around didn't cover all cases.  Release 7.4 now
+     requires that defaults be defined properly using functions such
+     as <function>now()</> or <function>current_timestamp</>. These
+     will work in all situations.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in
+     operator names.  It can instead be a non-first character in
+     identifiers.  This was done to improve compatibility with other
+     database systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter
+     placeholders (<literal>$<replaceable>n</></>) are written
+     adjacent to operators.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
+   release 7.4 and the previous major release.
+  </para>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Server Operation Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan,
+     Bruce, Tom, Kurt Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
+     handled correctly.  This release fixes those problems.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor
+     SSL performance.  Also, initial key handling was improved.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
+     regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
+     cleaner administration scripts from removing server socket
+     files.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make B-tree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash
+     could cause B-tree indexes to become corrupt. This release
+     removes those last few rare cases.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Allow B-tree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two
+     pages, there was a brief period when another database session
+     could miss seeing an index entry.  This release fixes that rare
+     failure case.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Preserve free space information between server restarts (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
+     postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free
+     space information. This release saves the free space map, and
+     reloads it when the server is restarted.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Add start time to <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with <varname>zero_damaged_pages</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow clean exit from <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add transaction status, table ID, column ID to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add binary I/O to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Performance Improvements</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Add hashing for <literal>GROUP BY</literal> aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Make nested-loop joins be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow multikey hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
+     not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
+     freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
+     completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This release fixes several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
+     manages potential query paths.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow <literal>IN</>/<literal>NOT IN</> to be handled via hash
+     tables (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve <literal>NOT IN (<replaceable>subquery</>)</literal>
+     performance (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow most <literal>IN</literal> subqueries to be processed as
+     joins (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless of
+     locale (Peter)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use the standard
+     indexes for <literal>LIKE</literal> comparisons. This release
+     adds a way to create a special index for
+     <literal>LIKE</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using <varname>preload_libraries</varname> (Joe)</para>
+    <para>
+     For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this
+     option is available so the library can be preloaded in the
+     postmaster and inherited by all database sessions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Avoid sort when subquery <literal>ORDER BY</literal> matches upper query (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Deduce that <literal>WHERE a.x = b.y AND b.y = 42</literal> also
+     means <literal>a.x = 42</literal> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow join optimization of explicit inner joins, disable with
+     <varname>join_collapse_limit</varname> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add parameter <varname>from_collapse_limit</varname> to control
+     conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from Tcl
+     (Henry Spencer, Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Improve connection startup time (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to
+     start a database session.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve speed of <literal>col IN (const, const, const, ...)</literal> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
+     particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
+     that, and the development group is interested in reports
+     comparing B-tree and hash index performance.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
+    <para>
+     Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are
+     32-byte aligned.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Data type <type>numeric</type> reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     <type>numeric</type> used to be stored in base 100. The new code
+     uses base 10000, for significantly better performance.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Rename server parameter <varname>server_min_messages</> to <varname>log_min_messages</> (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     This was done so most parameters that control the server logs
+     begin with <literal>log_</>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_*_stats</> to <varname>log_*_stats</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_source_port</> to <varname>log_source_port</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Rename <varname>hostname_lookup</> to <varname>log_hostname</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <varname>checkpoint_warning</> to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint
+     was happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the
+     server logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Change debug server log messages to output as <literal>DEBUG</>
+     rather than <literal>LOG</> (Bruce)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-superusers (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     This is a security feature so non-superusers cannot disable
+     logging that was enabled by the administrator.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <varname>log_min_messages</>/<varname>client_min_messages</> now
+     controls <varname>debug_*</> output (Bruce)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This centralizes client debug information so all debug output
+     can be sent to either the client or server logs.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows Mac OS X hosts to query the network for available
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow join optimization of explicit inner joins, disable with
-      <varname>join_collapse_limit</varname> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add ability to print only slow statements using
+     <varname>log_min_duration_statement</varname>
+     (Christopher)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is an often requested debugging feature that allows
+     administrators to see only slow queries in their server logs.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add parameter <varname>from_collapse_limit</varname> to control
-      conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and
+     netmask fields into a single CIDR field in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from Tcl
-      (Henry Spencer, Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New read-only parameter <varname>is_superuser</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>New parameter <varname>log_error_verbosity</varname> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This works with the new error reporting feature to supply
+     additional error information like hints, file names and line
+     numbers.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Improve connection startup time (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to
-      start a database session.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para><literal>postgres --describe-config</literal> now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
+    <para>
+     This option is useful for administration tools that need to know
+     the configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums,
+     defaults, and descriptions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add new columns in <literal>pg_settings</literal>:
+     <literal>context</>, <literal>type</>, <literal>source</>,
+     <literal>min_val</>, <literal>max_val</> (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improve speed of <literal>col IN (const, const, const, ...)</literal> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make default <varname>shared_buffers</> 1000 and
+     <varname>max_connections</> 100, if possible (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
+     would start on even very old systems. This release tests the
+     amount of shared memory allowed by the platform and selects more
+     reasonable default values if possible.  Of course, users are
+     still encouraged to evaluate their resource load and size
+     <varname>shared_buffers</varname> accordingly.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     New <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> record type
+     <literal>hostnossl</> to prevent SSL connections (Jon
+     Jensen)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections
+     if both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows
+     that capability.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
-      particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
-      that, and the development group is interested in reports
-      comparing B-tree and hash index performance.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove parameter <varname>geqo_random_seed</varname>
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
-     <para>
-      Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are
-      32-byte aligned.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add server parameter <varname>regex_flavor</varname> to control regular expression processing (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Data type <type>numeric</type> reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      <type>numeric</type> used to be stored in base 100. The new code
-      uses base 10000, for significantly better performance.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <command>pg_ctl</command> better handle nonstandard ports (Greg)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Query Changes</title>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Rename server parameter <varname>server_min_messages</> to <varname>log_min_messages</> (Bruce)</para>
-     <para>
-      This was done so most parameters that control the server logs
-      begin with <literal>log_</>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_*_stats</> to <varname>log_*_stats</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_source_port</> to <varname>log_source_port</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Rename <varname>hostname_lookup</> to <varname>log_hostname</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow users to see their own queries in <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Kevin Brown)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, only the superuser could see query strings
+     using <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal>. Now ordinary users
+     can see their own query strings.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <varname>checkpoint_warning</> to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint
-      was happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the
-      server logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL standard (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     The SQL standard says that an aggregate function appearing
+     within a nested subquery belongs to the outer query if its
+     argument contains only outer-query variables.  Prior
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases did not handle
+     this fine point correctly.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J. Andrews)</para>
+    <para>
+     By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically
+     added to the <literal>FROM</> clause if they are not already
+     there.  This is compatible with historic
+     <productname>POSTGRES</productname> behavior but is contrary to
+     the SQL standard.  This option allows selecting
+     standard-compatible behavior.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Change debug server log messages to output as <literal>DEBUG</>
-      rather than <literal>LOG</> (Bruce)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <literal>UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT</literal> (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows <command>UPDATE</command> to set a column to its
+     declared default value.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-superusers (Bruce)</para>
-     <para>
-      This is a security feature so non-superusers cannot disable
-      logging that was enabled by the administrator.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow expressions to be used in <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> could
+     only use constants, not expressions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <varname>log_min_messages</>/<varname>client_min_messages</> now
-      controls <varname>debug_*</> output (Bruce)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This centralizes client debug information so all debug output
-      can be sent to either the client or server logs.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Implement <literal>CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE</literal> (Neil, Peter)</para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows Mac OS X hosts to query the network for available
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add ability to print only slow statements using
-      <varname>log_min_duration_statement</varname>
-      (Christopher)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is an often requested debugging feature that allows
-      administrators to see only slow queries in their server logs.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make <command>CREATE SEQUENCE</command> grammar more conforming to SQL:2003 (Neil)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and
-      netmask fields into a single CIDR field in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
+    <para>
+     While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement,
+     it does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
+     statement.  This capability is planned for a future release.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>New read-only parameter <varname>is_superuser</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add check constraints for domains (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing
+     them to use check constraints.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>New parameter <varname>log_error_verbosity</varname> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This works with the new error reporting feature to supply
-      additional error information like hints, file names and line
-      numbers.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <command>ALTER DOMAIN</command> (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows manipulation of existing domains.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para><literal>postgres --describe-config</literal> now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
-     <para>
-      This option is useful for administration tools that need to know
-      the configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums,
-      defaults, and descriptions.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
+     that occur when using such tables.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add new columns in <literal>pg_settings</literal>:
-      <literal>context</>, <literal>type</>, <literal>source</>,
-      <literal>min_val</>, <literal>max_val</> (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Have <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY</literal> add not-null constraint (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD
+     PRIMARY</literal> would add a unique index, but not a not-null
+     constraint.  That is fixed in this release.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make default <varname>shared_buffers</> 1000 and
-      <varname>max_connections</> 100, if possible (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
-      would start on even very old systems. This release tests the
-      amount of shared memory allowed by the platform and selects more
-      reasonable default values if possible.  Of course, users are
-      still encouraged to evaluate their resource load and size
-      <varname>shared_buffers</varname> accordingly.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS</literal> (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have
+     an OID column.  This is most useful for saving storage space.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      New <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> record type
-      <literal>hostnossl</> to prevent SSL connections (Jon
-      Jensen)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections
-      if both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows
-      that capability.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add <literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal> to modify minimum, maximum,
+     increment, cache, cycle values (Rod)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove parameter <varname>geqo_random_seed</varname>
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON</literal> (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
+    <para>
+     This command is used by <command>pg_dump</command> to record the
+     cluster column for each table previously clustered. This
+     information is used by database-wide cluster to cluster all
+     previously clustered tables.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add server parameter <varname>regex_flavor</varname> to control regular expression processing (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve automatic type casting for domains (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so <literal>x=$1</> works (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make <command>pg_ctl</command> better handle nonstandard ports (Greg)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow copying table schema using <literal>LIKE
+     <replaceable>subtable</replaceable></literal>, also SQL:2003
+     feature <literal>INCLUDING DEFAULTS</literal> (Rod)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Query Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add <literal>WITH GRANT OPTION</literal> clause to
+     <command>GRANT</command> (Peter)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This enabled <command>GRANT</command> to give other users the
+     ability to grant privileges on a object.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow users to see their own queries in <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Kevin Brown)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, only the superuser could see query strings
-      using <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal>. Now ordinary users
-      can see their own query strings.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <literal>ON COMMIT</literal> clause to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for temporary tables (Gavin)</para>
+    <para>
+     This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows
+     deleted on transaction commit.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL standard (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      The SQL standard says that an aggregate function appearing
-      within a nested subquery belongs to the outer query if its
-      argument contains only outer-query variables.  Prior
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases did not handle
-      this fine point correctly.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow cursors outside transactions using <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> (Neil)</para>
+    <para>
+     In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
+     transaction that created them. Cursors can now be created with
+     the <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> option, which allows them to
+     continue to be accessed after the creating transaction has
+     committed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J. Andrews)</para>
-     <para>
-      By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically
-      added to the <literal>FROM</> clause if they are not already
-      there.  This is compatible with historic
-      <productname>POSTGRES</productname> behavior but is contrary to
-      the SQL standard.  This option allows selecting
-      standard-compatible behavior.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para><literal>FETCH 0</literal> and <literal>MOVE 0 </literal> now do nothing (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     In previous releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal> fetched all
+     remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal> moved to the end
+     of the cursor.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <literal>UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT</literal> (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows <command>UPDATE</command> to set a column to its
-      declared default value.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Cause <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> to
+     return the number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
+     beginning/end of cursor, per SQL standard (Bruce)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, the row count returned by
+     <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> did not
+     accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow expressions to be used in <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> could
-      only use constants, not expressions.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Properly handle <literal>SCROLL</literal> with cursors, or
+    report an error (Neil)</para>
+    <para>
+     Allowing random access (both forward and backward scrolling) to
+     some kinds of queries cannot be done without some additional
+     work. If <literal>SCROLL</literal> is specified when the cursor
+     is created, this additional work will be performed. Furthermore,
+     if the cursor has been created with <literal>NO SCROLL</literal>,
+     no random access is allowed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Implement <literal>CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE</literal> (Neil, Peter)</para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Implement SQL-compatible options <literal>FIRST</>,
+     <literal>LAST</>, <literal>ABSOLUTE <replaceable>n</></>,
+     <literal>RELATIVE <replaceable>n</></> for
+     <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <command>EXPLAIN</command> on <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make <command>CREATE SEQUENCE</command> grammar more conforming to SQL:2003 (Neil)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
-     <para>
-      While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement,
-      it does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
-      statement.  This capability is planned for a future release.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
+     reclustered with a single command.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add check constraints for domains (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing
-      them to use check constraints.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Prevent <command>CLUSTER</command> on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <command>ALTER DOMAIN</command> (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows manipulation of existing domains.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow DOS and Mac line-endings in <command>COPY</> files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
-      that occur when using such tables.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Disallow literal carriage return as a data value,
+     backslash-carriage-return and <literal>\r</> are still allowed
+     (Bruce)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Have <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY</literal> add not-null constraint (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD
-      PRIMARY</literal> would add a unique index, but not a not-null
-      constraint.  That is fixed in this release.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para><command>COPY</> changes (binary, <literal>\.</>) (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS</literal> (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have
-      an OID column.  This is most useful for saving storage space.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Recover from <command>COPY</command> failure cleanly (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add <literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal> to modify minimum, maximum,
-      increment, cache, cycle values (Rod)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Prevent possible memory leaks in <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     <command>TRUNCATE</command> can now be used inside a
+     transaction. If the transaction aborts, the changes made by the
+     <command>TRUNCATE</command> are automatically rolled back.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON</literal> (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
-     <para>
-      This command is used by <command>pg_dump</command> to record the
-      cluster column for each table previously clustered. This
-      information is used by database-wide cluster to cluster all
-      previously clustered tables.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow prepare/bind of utility commands like
+     <command>FETCH</command> and <command>EXPLAIN</command> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve automatic type casting for domains (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so <literal>x=$1</> works (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <command>EXPLAIN EXECUTE</command> (Neil)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow copying table schema using <literal>LIKE
-      <replaceable>subtable</replaceable></literal>, also SQL:2003
-      feature <literal>INCLUDING DEFAULTS</literal> (Rod)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Improve <command>VACUUM</command> performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add <literal>WITH GRANT OPTION</literal> clause to
-      <command>GRANT</command> (Peter)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This enabled <command>GRANT</command> to give other users the
-      ability to grant privileges on a object.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Functional indexes have been generalized into indexes on expressions (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple
+     function applied to one or more column names.  This release
+     allows any type of scalar expression.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Have <command>SHOW TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command> match input
+     to <command>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command>
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <literal>ON COMMIT</literal> clause to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for temporary tables (Gavin)</para>
-     <para>
-      This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows
-      deleted on transaction commit.
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Have <command>COMMENT ON DATABASE</command> on nonlocal
+      database generate a warning, rather than an error (Rod)
      </para>
-    </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow cursors outside transactions using <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> (Neil)</para>
-     <para>
-      In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
-      transaction that created them. Cursors can now be created with
-      the <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> option, which allows them to
-      continue to be accessed after the creating transaction has
-      committed.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+    <para>
+     Database comments are stored in database-local tables so
+     comments on a database have to be stored in each database.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para><literal>FETCH 0</literal> and <literal>MOVE 0 </literal> now do nothing (Bruce)</para>
-     <para>
-      In previous releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal> fetched all
-      remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal> moved to the end
-      of the cursor.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve reliability of <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Cause <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> to
-      return the number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
-      beginning/end of cursor, per SQL standard (Bruce)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, the row count returned by
-      <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> did not
-      accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <command>REINDEX</command> to reliably reindex nonshared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows system tables to be reindexed without the
+     requirement of a standalone session, which was necessary in
+     previous releases. The only tables that now require a standalone
+     session for reindexing are the global system tables
+     <literal>pg_database</>, <literal>pg_shadow</>, and
+     <literal>pg_group</>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Properly handle <literal>SCROLL</literal> with cursors, or
-     report an error (Neil)</para>
-     <para>
-      Allowing random access (both forward and backward scrolling) to
-      some kinds of queries cannot be done without some additional
-      work. If <literal>SCROLL</literal> is specified when the cursor
-      is created, this additional work will be performed. Furthermore,
-      if the cursor has been created with <literal>NO SCROLL</literal>,
-      no random access is allowed.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Implement SQL-compatible options <literal>FIRST</>,
-      <literal>LAST</>, <literal>ABSOLUTE <replaceable>n</></>,
-      <literal>RELATIVE <replaceable>n</></> for
-      <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     New server parameter <varname>extra_float_digits</varname> to
+     control precision display of floating-point numbers (Pedro
+     Ferreira, Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This controls output precision which was causing regression
+     testing problems.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <command>EXPLAIN</command> on <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow <literal>+1300</literal> as a numeric time-zone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove rarely used functions <function>oidrand</>,
+     <function>oidsrand</>, and <function>userfntest</> functions
+     (Neil)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
-      reclustered with a single command.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <function>md5()</> function to main server, already in <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename> (Joe)</para>
+    <para>
+     An MD5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
+     encryption capabilities, use
+     <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Prevent <command>CLUSTER</command> on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Increase date range of <type>timestamp</type> (John Cochran)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow DOS and Mac line-endings in <command>COPY</> files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Change <literal>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp)</literal> so
+     <type>timestamp without time zone</type> is assumed to be in
+     local time, not GMT (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Disallow literal carriage return as a data value,
-      backslash-carriage-return and <literal>\r</> are still allowed
-      (Bruce)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Change the <type>numeric</type> data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New <function>hostmask()</function> function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Fixes for <function>to_char()</function> and <function>to_timestamp()</function> (Karel)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para><command>COPY</> changes (binary, <literal>\.</>) (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
+     any data type, using <type>anyelement</type> and
+     <type>anyarray</type> (Joe)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This allows the creation of functions that can work with any
+     data type.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Recover from <command>COPY</command> failure cleanly (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Arrays can now be specified as <literal>ARRAY[1,2,3]</literal>,
+     <literal>ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']]</literal>, or
+     <literal>ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]]</literal> (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Prevent possible memory leaks in <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including <literal>ORDER
+     BY</literal> and <literal>DISTINCT</literal> support
+     (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      <command>TRUNCATE</command> can now be used inside a
-      transaction. If the transaction aborts, the changes made by the
-      <command>TRUNCATE</command> are automatically rolled back.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with <literal>||</literal> (Joe)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow prepare/bind of utility commands like
-      <command>FETCH</command> and <command>EXPLAIN</command> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow <literal>WHERE</literal> qualification
+     <literal><replaceable>expr</> <replaceable>op</> ANY/SOME/ALL
+     (<replaceable>array_expr</>)</literal> (Joe)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes
+     like <literal>SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN
+     (array_val)</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <command>EXPLAIN EXECUTE</command> (Neil)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     New array functions <function>array_append</>,
+     <function>array_cat</>, <function>array_lower</>,
+     <function>array_prepend</>, <function>array_to_string</>,
+     <function>array_upper</>, <function>string_to_array</> (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Improve <command>VACUUM</command> performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Functional indexes have been generalized into indexes on expressions (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple
-      function applied to one or more column names.  This release
-      allows any type of scalar expression.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow 60 in seconds fields of <type>time</type>,
+     <type>timestamp</type>, and <type>interval</type> input values
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Have <command>SHOW TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command> match input
-      to <command>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command>
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow <type>cidr</type> data type to be cast to <type>text</type> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-       Have <command>COMMENT ON DATABASE</command> on nonlocal
-       database generate a warning, rather than an error (Rod)
-      </para>
+   <listitem><para>Disallow invalid time zone names in SET TIMEZONE</para></listitem>
 
-     <para>
-      Database comments are stored in database-local tables so
-      comments on a database have to be stored in each database.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Trim trailing spaces when <type>char</type> is cast to
+     <type>varchar</> or <type>text</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improve reliability of <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</> measure the precision
+     <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal digits
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <command>REINDEX</command> to reliably reindex nonshared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows system tables to be reindexed without the
-      requirement of a standalone session, which was necessary in
-      previous releases. The only tables that now require a standalone
-      session for reindexing are the global system tables
-      <literal>pg_database</>, <literal>pg_shadow</>, and
-      <literal>pg_group</>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add IPv6 support to the <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type> data types (Michael Graff)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <function>family()</function> function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      New server parameter <varname>extra_float_digits</varname> to
-      control precision display of floating-point numbers (Pedro
-      Ferreira, Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This controls output precision which was causing regression
-      testing problems.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Have <literal>SHOW datestyle</literal> generate output similar
+     to that used by <literal>SET datestyle</literal> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow <literal>+1300</literal> as a numeric time-zone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <literal>EXTRACT(TIMEZONE)</literal> and <literal>SET/SHOW
+     TIME ZONE</literal> follow the SQL convention for the sign of
+     time zone offsets, i.e., positive is east from UTC (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove rarely used functions <function>oidrand</>,
-      <function>oidsrand</>, and <function>userfntest</> functions
-      (Neil)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Fix <literal>date_trunc('quarter', ...)</literal> (Böjthe Zoltán)</para>
+    <para>
+     Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <function>md5()</> function to main server, already in <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename> (Joe)</para>
-     <para>
-      An MD5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
-      encryption capabilities, use
-      <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make <function>initcap()</function> more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
+    <para>
+     <function>initcap()</function> now uppercases a letter appearing
+     after any non-alphanumeric character, rather than only after
+     whitespace.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Increase date range of <type>timestamp</type> (John Cochran)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow only <varname>datestyle</varname> field order for date values not in ISO-8601 format (Greg)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Change <literal>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp)</literal> so
-      <type>timestamp without time zone</type> is assumed to be in
-      local time, not GMT (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add new <varname>datestyle</varname> values <literal>MDY</>,
+     <literal>DMY</>, and <literal>YMD</> to set input field order;
+     honor <literal>US</> and <literal>European</> for backward
+     compatibility (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Change the <type>numeric</type> data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New <function>hostmask()</function> function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Fixes for <function>to_char()</function> and <function>to_timestamp()</function> (Karel)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     String literals like <literal>'now'</literal> or
+     <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column
+     default. Use functions such as <function>now()</function>,
+     <function>current_timestamp</function> instead.  (change
+     required for prepared statements) (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
-      any data type, using <type>anyelement</type> and
-      <type>anyarray</type> (Joe)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This allows the creation of functions that can work with any
-      data type.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most
+     purposes, but <function>min()</> and <function>max()</> didn't
+     get this right.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Arrays can now be specified as <literal>ARRAY[1,2,3]</literal>,
-      <literal>ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']]</literal>, or
-      <literal>ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]]</literal> (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Prevent interval from suppressing <literal>:00</literal>
+    seconds display</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including <literal>ORDER
-      BY</literal> and <literal>DISTINCT</literal> support
-      (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     New functions <function>pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint)</function>
+     and <function>pg_conversion_is_visible()</function> (Christopher)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with <literal>||</literal> (Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow time to be specified as <literal>040506</> or <literal>0405</> (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow <literal>WHERE</literal> qualification
-      <literal><replaceable>expr</> <replaceable>op</> ANY/SOME/ALL
-      (<replaceable>array_expr</>)</literal> (Joe)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes
-      like <literal>SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN
-      (array_val)</literal>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Input date order must now be <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal> (with 4-digit year) or
+     match <varname>datestyle</varname>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      New array functions <function>array_append</>,
-      <function>array_cat</>, <function>array_lower</>,
-      <function>array_prepend</>, <function>array_to_string</>,
-      <function>array_upper</>, <function>string_to_array</> (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <function>pg_get_constraintdef</function> support
+     unique, primary-key, and check constraints (Christopher)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow 60 in seconds fields of <type>time</type>,
-      <type>timestamp</type>, and <type>interval</type> input values
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when <literal>RETURN NEXT</literal> is
+     used on a zero-row record variable (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow <type>cidr</type> data type to be cast to <type>text</type> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make PL/Python's <function>spi_execute</function> interface
+     handle null values properly (Andrew Bosma)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Disallow invalid time zone names in SET TIMEZONE</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without <literal>%ROWTYPE</literal> (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Trim trailing spaces when <type>char</type> is cast to
-      <type>varchar</> or <type>text</> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Fix PL/Python's <function>_quote()</function> function to handle big integers</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</> measure the precision
-      <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal digits
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make PL/Python an untrusted language, now called <literal>plpythonu</literal> (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
+     environment, so the trusted version of PL/Python was removed. If
+     this situation changes, a version of PL/Python that can be used
+     by non-superusers will be readded.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add IPv6 support to the <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type> data types (Michael Graff)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Joe, Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <function>family()</function> function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Have <literal>SHOW datestyle</literal> generate output similar
-      to that used by <literal>SET datestyle</literal> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with
+     full support for polymorphism (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make <literal>EXTRACT(TIMEZONE)</literal> and <literal>SET/SHOW
-      TIME ZONE</literal> follow the SQL convention for the sign of
-      time zone offsets, i.e., positive is east from UTC (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add new parameter <literal>$0</> in PL/pgSQL representing the
+     function's actual return type (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Fix <literal>date_trunc('quarter', ...)</literal> (Böjthe Zoltán)</para>
-     <para>
-      Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow PL/Tcl and PL/Python to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fixed PL/Tcl's <function>spi_prepare</function> to accept fully
+     qualified type names in the parameter type list
+     (Jan)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make <function>initcap()</function> more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
-     <para>
-      <function>initcap()</function> now uppercases a letter appearing
-      after any non-alphanumeric character, rather than only after
-      whitespace.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>psql Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow only <varname>datestyle</varname> field order for date values not in ISO-8601 format (Greg)</para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <literal>\pset pager always</literal> to always use pager (Greg)</para>
+    <para>
+     This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is
+     less than the screen height.  This is valuable for rows that
+     wrap across several screen rows.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add new <varname>datestyle</varname> values <literal>MDY</>,
-      <literal>DMY</>, and <literal>YMD</> to set input field order;
-      honor <literal>US</> and <literal>European</> for backward
-      compatibility (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Reorder <literal>\?</> help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      String literals like <literal>'now'</literal> or
-      <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column
-      default. Use functions such as <function>now()</function>,
-      <function>current_timestamp</function> instead.  (change
-      required for prepared statements) (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>\encoding</> now changes based on the server parameter
+     <varname>client_encoding</varname> (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In previous versions, <command>\encoding</command> was not aware
+     of encoding changes made using <literal>SET
+     client_encoding</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most
-      purposes, but <function>min()</> and <function>max()</> didn't
-      get this right.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Save editor buffer into readline history (Ross)</para>
+    <para>
+     When <command>\e</> is used to edit a query, the result is saved
+     in the readline history for retrieval using the up arrow.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Prevent interval from suppressing <literal>:00</literal>
-     seconds display</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve <command>\d</command> display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-conforming (Greg)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      New functions <function>pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint)</function>
-      and <function>pg_conversion_is_visible()</function> (Christopher)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>New <command>\set AUTOCOMMIT off</command> capability (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This takes the place of the removed server parameter <varname>autocommit</varname>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow time to be specified as <literal>040506</> or <literal>0405</> (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>New <command>\set VERBOSITY</command> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This controls the new error reporting details.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Input date order must now be <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal> (with 4-digit year) or
-      match <varname>datestyle</varname>
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New prompt escape sequence <literal>%x</literal> to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make <function>pg_get_constraintdef</function> support
-      unique, primary-key, and check constraints (Christopher)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when <literal>RETURN NEXT</literal> is
-      used on a zero-row record variable (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make pg_dump preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
+    <para>
+     This preserves <literal>ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE</literal> information.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make PL/Python's <function>spi_execute</function> interface
-      handle null values properly (Andrew Bosma)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Make pg_dump preserve <command>CLUSTER</command> characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without <literal>%ROWTYPE</literal> (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Have pg_dumpall use <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> to dump database-level privileges (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Fix PL/Python's <function>_quote()</function> function to handle big integers</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow pg_dumpall to support the options <option>-a</>,
+     <option>-s</>, <option>-x</> of pg_dump (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make PL/Python an untrusted language, now called <literal>plpythonu</literal> (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
-      environment, so the trusted version of PL/Python was removed. If
-      this situation changes, a version of PL/Python that can be used
-      by non-superusers will be readded.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Joe, Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     pg_dump options <option>--use-set-session-authorization</option>
+     and <option>--no-reconnect</option> now do nothing, all dumps
+     use <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always
+     uses <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>. This will
+     reduce password prompting during restores.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
+    <para>
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now includes its own
+     long-option processing routines.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with
-      full support for polymorphism (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>libpq Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add new parameter <literal>$0</> in PL/pgSQL representing the
-      function's actual return type (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add function <function>PQfreemem</function> for freeing memory on
+     Windows, suggested for <command>NOTIFY</command> (Bruce)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Windows requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by
+     a function in the same library, hence
+     <function>free()</function> doesn't work for freeing memory
+     allocated by libpq. <function>PQfreemem</function> is the proper
+     way to free libpq memory, especially on Windows, and is
+     recommended for other platforms as well.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow PL/Tcl and PL/Python to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows clients to look up connection information in a
+     central file on the client machine.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fixed PL/Tcl's <function>spi_prepare</function> to accept fully
-      qualified type names in the parameter type list
-      (Jan)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <function>PQsetdbLogin</function> have the same defaults as
+     <function>PQconnectdb</function> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>psql Changes</title>
+   <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <literal>\pset pager always</literal> to always use pager (Greg)</para>
-     <para>
-      This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is
-      less than the screen height.  This is valuable for rows that
-      wrap across several screen rows.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve performance of function <function>PQunescapeBytea</function> (Ben Lamb)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Reorder <literal>\?</> help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow thread-safe libpq with <filename>configure</filename>
+     option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness,
+     Philip Yarra)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <command>\encoding</> now changes based on the server parameter
-      <varname>client_encoding</varname> (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In previous versions, <command>\encoding</command> was not aware
-      of encoding changes made using <literal>SET
-      client_encoding</literal>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow function <function>pqInternalNotice</function> to accept a
+     format string and arguments instead of just a preformatted
+     message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Save editor buffer into readline history (Ross)</para>
-     <para>
-      When <command>\e</> is used to edit a query, the result is saved
-      in the readline history for retrieval using the up arrow.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Control SSL negotiation with <literal>sslmode</literal> values
+     <literal>disable</literal>, <literal>allow</literal>,
+     <literal>prefer</literal>, and <literal>require</literal> (Jon
+     Jensen)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve <command>\d</command> display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-conforming (Greg)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>New <command>\set AUTOCOMMIT off</command> capability (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This takes the place of the removed server parameter <varname>autocommit</varname>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know
+     the underlying table and column names associated with a specific
+     result set.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>New <command>\set VERBOSITY</command> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This controls the new error reporting details.
+   <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the server (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add function <function>PQexecPrepared</function> and
+     <function>PQsendQueryPrepared</function> functions which perform
+     bind/execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>JDBC Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Allow <function>setNull</function> on updateable result sets</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow <function>executeBatch</function> on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add Informix compatibility to ECPG (Michael)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows ECPG to process embedded C programs that were
+     written using certain Informix extensions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>New prompt escape sequence <literal>%x</literal> to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-
-  <sect3>
-   <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add type <type>decimal</type> to ECPG that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow thread-safe embedded SQL programs with
+     <filename>configure</filename> option
+     <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness, Bruce)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This allows multiple threads to access the database at the same
+     time.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Moved Python client PyGreSQL to <ulink url="http://www.pygresql.org"></ulink> (Marc)</para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Source Code Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New function <function>palloc0</function> to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Use our own version of <function>getopt_long()</function> if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para> Bison &gt;= 1.85 is now required to build the <productname>PostgreSQL</> grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add Windows compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New <function>ereport()</function> function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Support Intel compiler on Linux (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Remove <option>--enable-recode</option> option from <command>configure</command></para>
+    <para>
+     This was no longer needed now that we have <command>CREATE CONVERSION</command>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
+     than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled
+     with a new <command>configure</command> option.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Contrib Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Prevent crash in xml (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add hash-based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add serial column to order <function>connectby()</> siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic <command>VACUUM</command> (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Make pgbench honor environment variables <envar>PGHOST</>, <envar>PGPORT</>, <envar>PGUSER</> (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Fix bug in <function>metaphone()</function> in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (Böjthe Zoltán)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Fix dbase <option>-s</> option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr, Márcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make pg_dump preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
-     <para>
-      This preserves <literal>ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE</literal> information.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-21">
+  <title>Release 7.3.21</title>
 
-    <listitem><para>Make pg_dump preserve <command>CLUSTER</command> characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Have pg_dumpall use <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> to dump database-level privileges (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.20,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow pg_dumpall to support the options <option>-a</>,
-      <option>-s</>, <option>-x</> of pg_dump (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This is expected to be the last <productname>PostgreSQL</> release
+   in the 7.3.X series.  Users are encouraged to update to a newer
+   release branch soon.
+  </para>
 
-    <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.21</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      pg_dump options <option>--use-set-session-authorization</option>
-      and <option>--no-reconnect</option> now do nothing, all dumps
-      use <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always
-      uses <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>. This will
-      reduce password prompting during restores.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
-     <para>
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now includes its own
-      long-option processing routines.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+  </sect2>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>libpq Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
    <itemizedlist>
+
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Add function <function>PQfreemem</function> for freeing memory on
-      Windows, suggested for <command>NOTIFY</command> (Bruce)
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
      </para>
+
      <para>
-      Windows requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by
-      a function in the same library, hence
-      <function>free()</function> doesn't work for freeing memory
-      allocated by libpq. <function>PQfreemem</function> is the proper
-      way to free libpq memory, especially on Windows, and is
-      recommended for other platforms as well.
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
      <para>
-      This allows clients to look up connection information in a
-      central file on the client machine.
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
      </para>
-    </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Make <function>PQsetdbLogin</function> have the same defaults as
-      <function>PQconnectdb</function> (Tom)
+      The fix that appeared for this in 7.3.20 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
-
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Improve performance of function <function>PQunescapeBytea</function> (Ben Lamb)
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow thread-safe libpq with <filename>configure</filename>
-      option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness,
-      Philip Yarra)
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow function <function>pqInternalNotice</function> to accept a
-      format string and arguments instead of just a preformatted
-      message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
      </para>
-    </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Control SSL negotiation with <literal>sslmode</literal> values
-      <literal>disable</literal>, <literal>allow</literal>,
-      <literal>prefer</literal>, and <literal>require</literal> (Jon
-      Jensen)
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know
-      the underlying table and column names associated with a specific
-      result set.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the server (Tom)</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-20">
+  <title>Release 7.3.20</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add function <function>PQexecPrepared</function> and
-      <function>PQsendQueryPrepared</function> functions which perform
-      bind/execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>JDBC Changes</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains fixes from 7.3.19.
+  </para>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Allow <function>setNull</function> on updateable result sets</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow <function>executeBatch</function> on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.20</title>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
    <itemizedlist>
+
     <listitem>
-     <para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add Informix compatibility to ECPG (Michael)</para>
      <para>
-      This allows ECPG to process embedded C programs that were
-      written using certain Informix extensions.
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add type <type>decimal</type> to ECPG that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para>
-    </listitem>
-
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow thread-safe embedded SQL programs with
-      <filename>configure</filename> option
-      <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness, Bruce)
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
      </para>
-     <para>
-      This allows multiple threads to access the database at the same
-      time.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Moved Python client PyGreSQL to <ulink url="http://www.pygresql.org"></ulink> (Marc)</para>
     </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Source Code Changes</title>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New function <function>palloc0</function> to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Use our own version of <function>getopt_long()</function> if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para> Bison &gt;= 1.85 is now required to build the <productname>PostgreSQL</> grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add Windows compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New <function>ereport()</function> function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Support Intel compiler on Linux (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
     <listitem>
-     <para>Remove <option>--enable-recode</option> option from <command>configure</command></para>
      <para>
-      This was no longer needed now that we have <command>CREATE CONVERSION</command>.
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+
     <listitem>
-     <para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
      <para>
-      Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
-      than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled
-      with a new <command>configure</command> option.
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
      </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Contrib Changes</title>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Prevent crash in xml (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add hash-based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add serial column to order <function>connectby()</> siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic <command>VACUUM</command> (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Make pgbench honor environment variables <envar>PGHOST</>, <envar>PGPORT</>, <envar>PGUSER</> (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Fix bug in <function>metaphone()</function> in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (Böjthe Zoltán)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Fix dbase <option>-s</> option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr, Márcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+
   </sect2>
  </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-20">
-   <title>Release 7.3.20</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-19">
+  <title>Release 7.3.19</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains fixes from 7.3.19.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains fixes from 7.3.18,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.20</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.19</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
 
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+     <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+     and operators (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+     truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+     an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+     with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+     See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+     <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-18">
+  <title>Release 7.3.18</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-19">
-   <title>Release 7.3.19</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.17, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.18</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains fixes from 7.3.18,
-    including a security fix.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.19</title>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
+     Remove security vulnerability that allowed connected users
+     to read backend memory (Tom)
     </para>
+    <para>
+     The vulnerability involves changing the
+     data type of a table column used in a SQL function (CVE-2007-0555).
+     This error can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+     principle might be used to read database content that the user
+     should not be able to access.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+     due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+     over three bytes long (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-17">
+  <title>Release 7.3.17</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-18">
-   <title>Release 7.3.18</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.16.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.17</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.17, including
-    a security fix.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.18</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Remove security vulnerability that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
+      <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
+      are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
+      new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
      </para>
+
      <para>
-      The vulnerability involves changing the
-      data type of a table column used in a SQL function (CVE-2007-0555).
-      This error can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
+      This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
+      change the output of these functions.
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-17">
-   <title>Release 7.3.17</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.16.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.17</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
-       are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
-       new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
-      </para>
-
-      <para>
-       This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
-       change the output of these functions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
-      </para>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-      <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-16">
+  <title>Release 7.3.16</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-16">
-   <title>Release 7.3.16</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.15.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.16</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.15.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.16</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
-  <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
+ <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
-  (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+ (Teodor)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Back-port 7.4 spinlock code to improve performance and support
 64-bit architectures better</para> </listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix SSL-related memory leak in libpq</para> </listitem>
@@ -10336,46 +11064,46 @@ DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
 </para> </listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-15">
-   <title>Release 7.3.15</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-15">
+  <title>Release 7.3.15</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.14,
-    including patches for extremely serious security issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.14,
+   including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.15</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.15</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
-     CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
-     code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
-     into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
-     ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
-     most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
-     libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
-     <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
-     rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
+    CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
+    code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
+    into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
+    ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
+    most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
+    libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
+    <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
+    rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
@@ -10428,33 +11156,33 @@ Fuhr)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-14">
-   <title>Release 7.3.14</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-14">
+  <title>Release 7.3.14</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.13.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.13.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.14</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.14</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 
@@ -10485,36 +11213,36 @@ and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-13">
-   <title>Release 7.3.13</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-13">
+  <title>Release 7.3.13</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.12.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.13</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.12.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.10.
+    Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
+    columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
+    <application>plperl</> issues described below.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.13</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.10.
-     Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
-     columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
-     <application>plperl</> issues described below.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 
@@ -10547,33 +11275,33 @@ what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
 
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-12">
-   <title>Release 7.3.12</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-12">
+  <title>Release 7.3.12</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.11.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.11.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.12</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.12</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.10.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.10.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 
@@ -10594,33 +11322,33 @@ table has been dropped</para></listitem>
 
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-11">
-   <title>Release 7.3.11</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-11">
+  <title>Release 7.3.11</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.10.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.10.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.11</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.11</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.10.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.10.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
@@ -10645,87 +11373,87 @@ enabled</para></listitem>
 the variable is of pass-by-reference type</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-10">
-   <title>Release 7.3.10</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-10">
+  <title>Release 7.3.10</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.9, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.9, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.10</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.10</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     it is one possible way of handling a significant security problem
-     that has been found in the initial contents of 7.3.X system
-     catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.3.10's initdb will
-     automatically correct this problem.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    it is one possible way of handling a significant security problem
+    that has been found in the initial contents of 7.3.X system
+    catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.3.10's initdb will
+    automatically correct this problem.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
-     conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
-     users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
-     secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
-     the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
-     be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
-     by the encoding conversion machinery.)
-     It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
-     either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
-     below.  The error at least allows unprivileged database users to crash
-     their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
-     privileges of a database superuser.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    The security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
+    conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
+    users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
+    secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
+    the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
+    be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
+    by the encoding conversion machinery.)
+    It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
+    either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
+    below.  The error at least allows unprivileged database users to crash
+    their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
+    privileges of a database superuser.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the following procedure instead.
-     As the database superuser, do:
+   <para>
+    If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the following procedure instead.
+    As the database superuser, do:
 
 <programlisting>
 BEGIN;
 UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[3] = 'internal'::regtype
 WHERE pronamespace = 11 AND pronargs = 5
-      AND proargtypes[2] = 'cstring'::regtype;
+     AND proargtypes[2] = 'cstring'::regtype;
 -- The command should report having updated 90 rows;
 -- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
 COMMIT;
 </programlisting>
-    </para>
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The above procedure must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
-     of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
-     including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
-     template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
-     the same error.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
-     as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
-     additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
+   <para>
+    The above procedure must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
+    of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
+    including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
+    template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
+    the same error.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
+    as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
+    additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
 <programlisting>
 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
 </programlisting>
-      Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
-      procedure.  Finally, do:
+     Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
+     procedure.  Finally, do:
 <programlisting>
 -- re-freeze template0:
 VACUUM FREEZE;
 -- and protect it against future alterations:
 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
 </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
@@ -10771,32 +11499,32 @@ month-related formats</para></listitem>
 <type>RECORD</></para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-9">
-   <title>Release 7.3.9</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-9">
+  <title>Release 7.3.9</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.8, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.8, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.9</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.9</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
@@ -10827,32 +11555,32 @@ in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
 datestyles</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-8">
-   <title>Release 7.3.8</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-8">
+  <title>Release 7.3.8</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.7.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.7.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.8</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.8</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
@@ -10877,32 +11605,32 @@ concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
 </para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-7">
-   <title>Release 7.3.7</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-7">
+  <title>Release 7.3.7</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains one critical fix over 7.3.6, and some minor items.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains one critical fix over 7.3.6, and some minor items.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.7</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.7</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
@@ -10917,34 +11645,34 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Properly schema-qualify function names when pg_dump'ing a CAST</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-6">
-   <title>Release 7.3.6</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-6">
+  <title>Release 7.3.6</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-03-02</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-03-02</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.5.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.5.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.6</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.6</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-     running 7.3.*.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+    running 7.3.*.
+   </para>
 
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Revert erroneous changes in rule permissions checking</para>
@@ -10982,33 +11710,33 @@ in multibyte cases (Korea PostgreSQL Users' Group)</para></listitem>
 operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-5">
-   <title>Release 7.3.5</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-5">
+  <title>Release 7.3.5</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-12-03</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-12-03</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.4.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.4.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.5</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.5</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-     running 7.3.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+    running 7.3.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
@@ -11033,33 +11761,33 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
-   <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
+  <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.4</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.4</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-     running 7.3.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+    running 7.3.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair breakage in timestamp-to-date conversion for dates before 2000</para></listitem>
@@ -11072,33 +11800,33 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Work around buggy strxfrm() present in some Solaris releases (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Properly escape jdbc setObject() strings to improve security (Barry)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
-  <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
+ <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.3.3</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.3.3</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.3.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.3.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair sometimes-incorrect computation of StartUpID after a crash</para></listitem>
@@ -11114,21 +11842,21 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Issue notice, not error, if <type>TIMESTAMP</type>,
 <type> TIME</type>, or <type>INTERVAL</type> precision too large</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <function>abstime-to-time</function> cast function (fix is
-       not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
+      not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_proc</application> entry for
-      <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
-        <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
+     <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
+       <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp without time zone)</function> treat input as local time</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><command>'now'::timestamptz</command> gave wrong answer if timezone changed earlier in transaction</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><envar>HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP</envar> code for time with timezone overwrote its input</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Accept <command>GLOBAL TEMP/TEMPORARY</command> as a
-       synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
+      synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Avoid improper schema-privilege-check failure in foreign-key triggers</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in foreign-key triggers for <command>SET DEFAULT</command> action</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect time-qual check in row fetch for
-       <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
+      <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Foreign-key clauses were parsed but ignored in
-       <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
+      <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix createlang script breakage for case where handler function already exists</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior on zero-column tables in <application>pg_dump</application>, COPY, ANALYZE, other places</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>func_error()</function> on type names containing '%'</para></listitem>
@@ -11162,13 +11890,13 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix replace_vars_with_subplan_refs failure in complex views</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix regexp slowness in single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow qualified type names in <command>CREATE CAST</command>
-       and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
+      and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Accept <function>SETOF type[]</function>, which formerly had to
-       be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
+      be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</application> core dump in some cases with procedural languages</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Force ISO datestyle in <application>pg_dump</application> output, for portability (Oliver)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</application> failed to handle error return
-       from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
+      from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed with groups having no members (Nick Eskelinen)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed to recognize --globals-only switch</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>pg_restore failed to restore blobs if -X disable-triggers is specified</para></listitem>
@@ -11182,34 +11910,34 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fixed problem with parsing table ACLs in JDBC</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Better error message for character set conversion problems in JDBC</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
+ <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
+
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
+ </note>
 
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
+ </para>
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
-  <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.3.2</title>
 
   <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.3.*.
   </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.3.2</title>
-
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.3.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Restore creation of OID column in CREATE TABLE AS / SELECT INTO</para></listitem>
@@ -11243,37 +11971,37 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add casts between types lo and oid in contrib/lo</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>fastpath code now checks for privilege to call function</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
-  <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
+ <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
+ </para>
 
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.3.1</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.3.1</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
-    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interface library, libpq,
-    has a new major version number for this release, which might require
-    recompilation of client code in certain cases.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
+   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interface library, libpq,
+   has a new major version number for this release, which might require
+   recompilation of client code in certain cases.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix a core dump of COPY TO when client/server encodings don't match (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -11293,265 +12021,265 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>SSL fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Prevent composite column creation via ALTER TABLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
-
- <sect1 id="release-7-3">
-  <title>Release 7.3</title>
-
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
-  </note>
-
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Overview</title>
-
-   <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
-   </para>
-
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Schemas</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
-       so two people or applications can have tables with the same
-       name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
-       Table/index creation can be restricted by removing privileges
-       on the public schema.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Drop Column</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports the
-       <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN</literal> functionality.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Table Functions</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
-       now much easier to use than before.  You can call such a
-       <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
-       <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
-       table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
-       now return sets.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Prepared Queries</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports prepared
-       queries, for improved performance.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now records object
-       dependencies, which allows improvements in many areas.
-       <command>DROP</command> statements now take either
-       <literal>CASCADE</> or <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether
-       dependent objects are also dropped.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Privileges</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
-       functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
-       creator.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Internationalization</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Logging</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Interfaces</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
-       url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
-       where they can be developed and released independently.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
-       identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long.  Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
-       is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
-       to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
-       in function argument and result types.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
 
-   </variablelist>
-  </sect2>
+<sect1 id="release-7-3">
+ <title>Release 7.3</title>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.3</title>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
-    wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
-    application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
-    be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
-    information, see: <ulink
-    url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3"></>.
-   </para>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Overview</title>
 
-   <para>
-    Observe the following incompatibilities:
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Schemas</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
+      Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
+      so two people or applications can have tables with the same
+      name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
+      Table/index creation can be restricted by removing privileges
+      on the public schema.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Drop Column</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
-      name and additional features.  Existing files need to be
-      adjusted.
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports the
+      <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN</literal> functionality.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Table Functions</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
-      have been renamed.
+      Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
+      now much easier to use than before.  You can call such a
+      <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
+      <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
+      table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
+      now return sets.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Prepared Queries</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
-      <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports prepared
+      queries, for improved performance.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
-      specify a value for each specified column. For example,
-      <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
-      is now invalid.  It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
-      expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now records object
+      dependencies, which allows improvements in many areas.
+      <command>DROP</command> statements now take either
+      <literal>CASCADE</> or <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether
+      dependent objects are also dropped.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Privileges</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
-      <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
-      created.
+      Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
+      functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
+      creator.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Internationalization</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
-      is now rolled back.
+      Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Logging</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
-      columns to be null.  All columns need to be specified.
-      (However, one can achieve a similar effect by specifying a
-      column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
+      A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Interfaces</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
-      <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
-      <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
+      A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
+      url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
+      where they can be developed and released independently.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
-      dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
-      constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
-      <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
-      description and a script that will add such dependencies.
+      By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
+      identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long.  Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
+      is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
+      to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
+      in function argument and result types.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
-      the input into an integer field.  Formerly, it was silently
-      interpreted as 0.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  </variablelist>
+ </sect2>
 
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.3</title>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
+   wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
+   application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
+   be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
+   information, see: <ulink
+   url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3"></>.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server Operation</title>
+  <para>
+   Observe the following incompatibilities:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
+     name and additional features.  Existing files need to be
+     adjusted.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
+     have been renamed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
+     <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
+     specify a value for each specified column. For example,
+     <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
+     is now invalid.  It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
+     expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
+     <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
+     created.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
+     is now rolled back.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
+     columns to be null.  All columns need to be specified.
+     (However, one can achieve a similar effect by specifying a
+     column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
+     <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
+     <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
+     dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
+     constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
+     <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
+     description and a script that will add such dependencies.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
+     the input into an integer field.  Formerly, it was silently
+     interpreted as 0.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
+
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server Operation</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add pg_locks view to show locks (Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Security fixes for password negotiation memory allocation (Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove support for version 0 FE/BE protocol (<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.2 and earlier) (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Reserve the last few backend slots for superusers, add parameter superuser_reserved_connections to control this (Nigel J. Andrews)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Performance</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Performance</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Improve startup by calling localtime() only once (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Cache system catalog information in flat files for faster startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -11572,10 +12300,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Improve free space map performance on large tables (Stephen Marshall, Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Improved WAL write concurrency (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Privileges</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Privileges</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add privileges on functions and procedural languages (Peter)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add OWNER to CREATE DATABASE so superusers can create databases on behalf of unprivileged users (Gavin Sherry, Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -11583,10 +12311,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT and RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow functions to be executed with the privilege of the function owner (Peter)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server Configuration</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server Configuration</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Server log messages now tagged with LOG, not DEBUG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add user column to pg_hba.conf (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -11605,10 +12333,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Rename show_query_stats to show_statement_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add param log_min_error_statement to print commands to logs on error (Gavin)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Queries</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Queries</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Make cursors insensitive, meaning their contents do not change (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Disable LIMIT #,# syntax; now only LIMIT # OFFSET # supported (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -11629,10 +12357,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow FOR UPDATE to appear after LIMIT/OFFSET (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add variable autocommit (Tom, David Van Wie)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Object Manipulation</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Object Manipulation</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Make equals signs optional in CREATE DATABASE (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE OWNER change index ownership too (Neil)</para></listitem>
@@ -11666,10 +12394,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/adddepend to handle pre-7.3 object dependencies (Rod)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow better casting when inserting/updating values (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Utility Commands</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Utility Commands</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Have COPY TO output embedded carriage returns and newlines as \r and \n (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow DELIMITER in COPY FROM to be 8-bit clean (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
@@ -11706,10 +12434,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix rare index corruption when a page split affects bulk delete (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN for inheritance (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix factorial(0) to return 1 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Date/time/timezone improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
@@ -11752,10 +12480,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix to_char(1,'FM999.99') to return a period (Karel)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix trigger/type/language functions returning OPAQUE to return proper type (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Internationalization</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Internationalization</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add additional encodings: Korean (JOHAB), Thai (WIN874), Vietnamese (TCVN), Arabic (WIN1256), Simplified Chinese (GBK), Korean (UHC) (Eiji Tokuya)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Enable locale support by default (Peter)</para></listitem>
@@ -11770,10 +12498,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>pg_dumpall, pg_controldata, and pg_resetxlog now national-language aware (Peter)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New and updated translations</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server-side Languages</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server-side Languages</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Allow recursive SQL function (Peter)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Change PL/Tcl build to use configured compiler and Makefile.shlib (Peter)</para></listitem>
@@ -11783,10 +12511,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL schema-aware (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove some memory leaks (Nigel J. Andrews, Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>psql</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>psql</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Don't lowercase psql \connect database name for 7.2.0 compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add psql \timing to time user queries (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
@@ -11800,10 +12528,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Have psql reports its version number on startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow \copy to specify column names (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>libpq</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>libpq</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add ~/.pgpass to store host/user password combinations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add PQunescapeBytea() function to libpq (Patrick Welche)</para></listitem>
@@ -11814,10 +12542,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix for SSL with non-blocking connections (Jack Bates)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add libpq connection timeout parameter (Denis A Ustimenko)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>JDBC</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>JDBC</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Allow JDBC to compile with JDK 1.4 (Dave)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add JDBC 3 support (Barry)</para></listitem>
@@ -11830,10 +12558,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix MD5 encryption handling for multibyte servers (Jun Kawai)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add support for prepared statements (Barry)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fixed ECPG bug concerning octal numbers in single quotes (Michael)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -11846,10 +12574,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove src/bin/pgaccess from main tree, now at http://www.pgaccess.org (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add pg_on_connection_loss command to libpgtcl (Gerhard Hintermayer, Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Source Code</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Source Code</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix for parallel make (Peter)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>AIX fixes for linking Tcl (Andreas Zeugswetter)</para></listitem>
@@ -11901,10 +12629,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove parameter wal_files because WAL files are now recycled (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add version numbers to heap pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Contrib</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Contrib</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Allow inet arrays in /contrib/array (Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>GiST fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Neil)</para></listitem>
@@ -11928,34 +12656,34 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fixes to /contrib/cube (Bruno Wolff)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/fulltextindex (Christopher)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-2-8">
-   <title>Release 7.2.8</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-2-8">
+  <title>Release 7.2.8</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.7, including one
-    security-related issue.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.7, including one
+   security-related issue.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.2.8</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.2.8</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair ancient race condition that allowed a transaction to be
@@ -11981,32 +12709,32 @@ month-related formats</para></listitem>
 (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-2-7">
-   <title>Release 7.2.7</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-2-7">
+  <title>Release 7.2.7</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.6, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.6, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.2.7</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.2.7</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
@@ -12029,32 +12757,32 @@ in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
 datestyles</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-2-6">
-   <title>Release 7.2.6</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-2-6">
+  <title>Release 7.2.6</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.5.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.5.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.2.6</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.2.6</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
@@ -12080,32 +12808,32 @@ concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
 <listitem><para>Update to newer versions of Bison</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-2-5">
-   <title>Release 7.2.5</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-2-5">
+  <title>Release 7.2.5</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.4.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.4.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.2.5</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.2.5</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
@@ -12123,33 +12851,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Repair memory leaks in pg_dump</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
-  <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
+ <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
-   including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
+  including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2.4</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2.4</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.2.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.2.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix some additional cases of VACUUM "No one parent tuple was found" error</para></listitem>
@@ -12161,34 +12889,34 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix integer overflows in circle_poly(), path_encode(), path_add()  (Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Repair long-standing logic errors in lseg_eq(), lseg_ne(), lseg_center()</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
-  <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
+ <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
-   including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
+  including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2.3</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2.3</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.2.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.2.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Prevent possible compressed transaction log loss (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -12198,33 +12926,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Prevent spinlock hangs on SMP PPC machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump FULL JOIN USING (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
-  <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
+ <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2.2</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2.2</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.2.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.2.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -12241,33 +12969,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix for crash with long DATA strings (Thomas, Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix for repeat(), lpad(), rpad() and long strings (Neil)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
-  <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
+ <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2.1</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2.1</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.2.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.2.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Ensure that sequence counters do not go backwards after a crash (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -12287,183 +13015,183 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix for array subscripts handling (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
-
- <sect1 id="release-7-2">
-  <title>Release 7.2</title>
-
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
-  </note>
-
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Overview</title>
-
-   <para>
-    This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
-    high-volume applications.
-   </para>
-
-   <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
-   </para>
-
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>VACUUM</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
-       access during the vacuum.  A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
-       command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
-       shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Transactions</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
-       four billion transactions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>OIDs</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       OIDs are now optional.  Users can now create tables without
-       OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Optimizer</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The system now computes histogram column statistics during
-       <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Security</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
-       transfer of passwords.  A new Unix-domain socket
-       authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Statistics</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
-       to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2">
+ <title>Release 7.2</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Internationalization</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
-       languages.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-   </variablelist>
-  </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Overview</title>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2</title>
+  <para>
+   This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
+   high-volume applications.
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
-    those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    Observe the following incompatibilities:
-   </para>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>VACUUM</term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
+      access during the vacuum.  A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
+      command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
+      shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Transactions</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
-      changed in this release.  You might wish to update your
-      maintenance procedures accordingly.
+      There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
+      four billion transactions.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>OIDs</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
-      will always return false (or NULL, more precisely).  Previous
-      releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
-      NULL</literal>.  The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
-      <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
+      OIDs are now optional.  Users can now create tables without
+      OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Optimizer</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
-      configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
-      <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
+      The system now computes histogram column statistics during
+      <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Security</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
+      A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
+      transfer of passwords.  A new Unix-domain socket
+      authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Statistics</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
-      available.  You will need to rewrite your applications.
+      Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
+      to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Internationalization</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
-      and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
-      available.  Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
-      <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
+      Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
+      languages.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-   </itemizedlist>
+  </variablelist>
+ </sect2>
 
-   <para>
-    The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
-    in the next release. You should change your queries to use
-    separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
-    20</literal>.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2</title>
+
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
+   those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Observe the following incompatibilities:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
+     changed in this release.  You might wish to update your
+     maintenance procedures accordingly.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
+     will always return false (or NULL, more precisely).  Previous
+     releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
+     NULL</literal>.  The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
+     <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
+     configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
+     <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
+     available.  You will need to rewrite your applications.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
+     and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
+     available.  Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
+     <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
+   in the next release. You should change your queries to use
+   separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
+   20</literal>.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server Operation</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server Operation</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Create temporary files in a separate directory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Delete orphaned temporary files on postmaster startup (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -12486,10 +13214,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Superuser ID now fixed at 1 (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New pg_ctl "reload" option (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Performance</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Performance</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New histogram column statistics for optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -12502,10 +13230,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>R-tree performance improvements (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>B-tree splits more efficient (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Privileges</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Privileges</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Change UPDATE, DELETE privileges to be distinct (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New REFERENCES, TRIGGER privileges (Peter E)</para></listitem>
@@ -12516,10 +13244,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix bug in privilege modifications on newly created tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Disallow access to pg_statistic for non-superuser, add user-accessible views (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Client Authentication</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Client Authentication</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fork postmaster before doing authentication to prevent hangs (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add ident authentication over Unix domain sockets on Linux, *BSD (Helge Bahmann, Oliver Elphick, Teodor Sigaev, Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -12528,10 +13256,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>PAM authentication (Dominic J. Eidson)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Load pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf only on startup and SIGHUP (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server Configuration</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server Configuration</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Interpretation of some time zone abbreviations as Australian rather than North American now settable at run time (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New parameter to set default transaction isolation level (Peter E)</para></listitem>
@@ -12540,10 +13268,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>New parameter to set client authentication timeout (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New parameter to set maximum number of open files (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Queries</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Queries</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Statements added by INSERT rules now execute after the INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Prevent unadorned relation names in target list (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -12555,10 +13283,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix for LIMIT, DISTINCT ON pushed into subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix nested EXCEPT/INTERSECT (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix SERIAL in temporary tables (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow temporary sequences (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -12578,10 +13306,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Allow GiST indexes to handle NULLs and multikey indexes (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Enable partial indexes (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Utility Commands</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Utility Commands</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add RESET ALL, SHOW ALL (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>CREATE/ALTER USER/GROUP now allow options in any order (Vince)</para></listitem>
@@ -12594,10 +13322,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix privilege checks for CREATE INDEX (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Disallow inappropriate use of CREATE/DROP INDEX/TRIGGER/VIEW (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>SUM(), AVG(), COUNT() now uses int8 internally for speed (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add convert(), convert2() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
@@ -12637,10 +13365,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Some datatype() function calls now evaluated differently</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add support for Julian and ISO time specifications (Thomas)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Internationalization</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Internationalization</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>National language support in psql, <application>pg_dump</>, libpq, and server (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Message translations in Chinese (simplified, traditional), Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish (Peter E, Serguei A. Mokhov, Karel Zak, Weiping He, Zhenbang Wei, Kovacs Zoltan)</para></listitem>
@@ -12651,10 +13379,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Make mic2ascii() non-ASCII aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Reject invalid multibyte character sequences (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Now uses portals for SELECT loops, allowing huge result sets (Jan)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>CURSOR and REFCURSOR support (Jan)</para></listitem>
@@ -12668,33 +13396,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Memory leak fix (Jan, Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make trailing semicolon optional (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>PL/Perl</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>PL/Perl</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>New untrusted PL/Perl (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>PL/Perl is now built on some platforms even if libperl is not shared (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>PL/Tcl</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>PL/Tcl</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Now reports errorInfo (Vsevolod Lobko)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add spi_lastoid function (bob@redivi.com)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>PL/Python</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>PL/Python</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>...is new (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title><application>psql</></title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title><application>psql</></title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>\d displays indexes in unique, primary groupings (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow trailing semicolons in backslash commands (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
@@ -12702,18 +13430,18 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Force new password prompt when changing user and database (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Format the correct number of columns for Unicode (Patrice)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title><application>libpq</></title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title><application>libpq</></title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeString() to escape quotes in command strings (Florian Weimer)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeBytea() escapes binary strings for use as SQL string literals</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>JDBC</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>JDBC</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Return OID of INSERT (Ken K)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Handle more data types (Ken K)</para></listitem>
@@ -12748,10 +13476,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Jeremy Wohl)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix to actually use type cache (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>ODBC</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>ODBC</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Remove query size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove text field size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
@@ -12764,10 +13492,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add more compatibility functions to odbc.sql (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title><application>ECPG</></title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title><application>ECPG</></title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>EXECUTE ... INTO implemented (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Multiple row descriptor support (e.g. CARDINALITY) (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
@@ -12780,10 +13508,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>All function names with external linkage are now prefixed by ECPG</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fixes for arrays of structures (Michael)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Python fix fetchone() (Gerhard Haring)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Use UTF, Unicode in Tcl where appropriate (Vsevolod Lobko, Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
@@ -12791,10 +13519,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Prevent output of default index op class in <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix libpgeasy memory leak (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Build and Install</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Build and Install</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Configure, dynamic loader, and shared library fixes (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fixes in QNX 4 port (Bernd Tegge)</para></listitem>
@@ -12809,10 +13537,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Rename config.h to pg_config.h (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Reorganize installation layout of header files (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Source Code</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Source Code</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Remove SEP_CHAR (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New GUC hooks (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -12826,10 +13554,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Add 'volatile' usage in spinlock structures</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Improve signal handling logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Contrib</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Contrib</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>New contrib/rtree_gist (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New contrib/tsearch full-text indexing (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
@@ -12842,33 +13570,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>New pg_upgrade utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add new pg_resetxlog options (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+  </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
-   <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
+  <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.1.3</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.1.3</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.1.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.1.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Remove unused WAL segments of large transactions (Tom)
 Multiaction rule fix (Tom)
 PL/pgSQL memory allocation fix (Jan)
@@ -12879,77 +13607,77 @@ Fix subselects with DISTINCT ON or LIMIT (Tom)
 BeOS fix
 Disable COPY TO/FROM a view (Tom)
 Cygwin build (Jason Tishler)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
-   <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
+  <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has one fix from 7.1.1.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has one fix from 7.1.1.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.1.2</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.1.2</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.1.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.1.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Fix PL/pgSQL SELECTs when returning no rows
 Fix for psql backslash core dump
 Referential integrity privilege fix
 Optimizer fixes
 pg_dump cleanups
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
-   <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
+  <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.1.1</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.1.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.1.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.1.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Fix for numeric MODULO operator (Tom)
 pg_dump fixes (Philip)
 pg_dump can dump 7.0 databases (Philip)
@@ -12964,119 +13692,119 @@ Fix for pg_ctl and option strings with spaces (Peter E)
 ODBC fixes (Hiroshi)
 EXTRACT can now take string argument (Thomas)
 Python fixes (Darcy)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-1">
-   <title>Release 7.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-1">
+  <title>Release 7.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-        This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> code for many years.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+       This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> code for many years.
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       Write-ahead Log (WAL)
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      Write-ahead Log (WAL)
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
 To maintain database consistency in case of an operating system crash,
 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> have forced
 all data modifications to disk before each transaction commit.  With
 WAL, only one log file must be flushed to disk, greatly improving
 performance.  If you have been using -F in previous releases to
 disable disk flushes, you might want to consider discontinuing its use.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       TOAST
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      TOAST
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
 typically 8k - 32k. This limit made storage of long text fields
 difficult.  With TOAST, long rows of any length can be stored with good
 performance.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       Outer Joins
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      Outer Joins
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
 We now support outer joins.  The UNION/NOT IN
 workaround for outer joins is no longer required.  We use the SQL92
 outer join syntax.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       Function Manager
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      Function Manager
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
 The previous C function manager did not
 handle null values properly, nor did it support 64-bit <acronym>CPU</acronym>'s (Alpha).  The new
 function manager does.  You can continue using your old custom
 functions, but you might want to rewrite them in the future to use the new
 function manager call interface.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       Complex Queries
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      Complex Queries
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
 A large number of complex queries that were
 unsupported in previous releases now work.  Many combinations of views,
 aggregates, UNION, LIMIT, cursors, subqueries, and inherited tables
 now work properly. Inherited tables are now accessed by default.
 Subqueries in FROM are now supported.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-   </variablelist>
+  </variablelist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.1</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-        A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
-        data from any previous release.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+       A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
+       data from any previous release.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Many multibyte/Unicode/locale fixes (Tatsuo and others)
@@ -13086,7 +13814,7 @@ Fix for INSERT INTO...SELECT where targetlist has subqueries (Tom)
 Prompt username/password on standard error (Bruce)
 Large objects inv_read/inv_write fixes (Tom)
 Fixes for to_char(), to_date(), to_ascii(), and to_timestamp() (Karel,
-    Daniel Baldoni)
+   Daniel Baldoni)
 Prevent query expressions from leaking memory (Tom)
 Allow UPDATE of arrays elements (Tom)
 Wake up lock waiters during cancel (Hiroshi)
@@ -13102,7 +13830,7 @@ Allow PL/pgSQL accept non-ASCII identifiers (Tatsuo)
 Allow views to proper handle GROUP BY, aggregates, DISTINCT (Tom)
 Fix rare failure with TRUNCATE command (Tom)
 Allow UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT to be used with ALL, subqueries, views,
-    DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
+   DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
 Fix parser failures during aborted transactions (Tom)
 Allow temporary relations to properly clean up indexes (Bruce)
 Fix VACUUM problem with moving rows in same page (Tom)
@@ -13136,16 +13864,16 @@ Improve CLUSTER (Tom)
 Improve ps status display for more platforms (Peter E, Marc)
 Improve CREATE FUNCTION failure message (Ross)
 JDBC improvements (Peter, Travis Bauer, Christopher Cain, William Webber,
-    Gunnar)
+   Gunnar)
 Grand Unified Configuration scheme/GUC.  Many options can now be set in
-    data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
+   data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
 Improved handling of file descriptor cache (Tom)
 New warning code about auto-created table alias entries (Bruce)
 Overhaul initdb process (Tom, Peter E)
 Overhaul of inherited tables; inherited tables now accessed by default;
-   new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
+  new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
 ODBC cleanups/improvements (Nick Gorham, Stephan Szabo, Zoltan Kovacs,
-    Michael Fork)
+   Michael Fork)
 Allow renaming of temp tables (Tom)
 Overhaul memory manager contexts (Tom)
 pg_dumpall uses CREATE USER or CREATE GROUP rather using COPY (Peter E)
@@ -13170,7 +13898,7 @@ Allow functional indexes to use binary-compatible type (Tom)
 Allow SQL functions to be used in more contexts (Tom)
 New pg_config utility (Peter E)
 New PL/pgSQL EXECUTE command which allows dynamic SQL and utility statements
-    (Jan)
+   (Jan)
 New PL/pgSQL GET DIAGNOSTICS statement for SPI value access (Jan)
 New quote_identifiers() and quote_literal() functions (Jan)
 New ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user command (Mark Hollomon)
@@ -13189,7 +13917,7 @@ New AT TIME ZONE syntax (Thomas)
 Allow location of Unix domain socket to be configurable (David J. MacKenzie)
 Allow postmaster to listen on a specific IP address (David J. MacKenzie)
 Allow socket path name to be specified in hostname by using leading slash
-    (David J. MacKenzie)
+   (David J. MacKenzie)
 Allow CREATE DATABASE to specify template database (Tom)
 New utility to convert MySQL schema dumps to SQL92 and PostgreSQL (Thomas)
 New /contrib/rserv replication toolkit (Vadim)
@@ -13216,7 +13944,7 @@ New CIDR abbrev() function (Tom)
 Performance
 -----------
 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) to provide crash recovery with less performance
-    overhead (Vadim)
+   overhead (Vadim)
 ANALYZE stage of VACUUM no longer exclusively locks table (Bruce)
 Reduced file seeks (Denis Perchine)
 Improve BTREE code for duplicate keys (Tom)
@@ -13262,39 +13990,39 @@ New contrib/pg_logger
 New --template option to createdb
 New contrib/pg_control utility (Oliver)
 New FreeBSD tools ipc_check, start-scripts/freebsd
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
-   <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
+  <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.0.3</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.0.3</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.0.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.0.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Jdbc fixes (Peter)
 Large object fix (Tom)
 Fix lean in COPY WITH OIDS leak (Tom)
@@ -13310,11 +14038,11 @@ Fix for memory allocation problem in user authentication code (Tom)
 Remove bogus use of int4out() (Tom)
 Fixes for multiple subqueries in COALESCE or BETWEEN (Tom)
 Fix for failure of triggers on heap open in certain cases (Jeroen van
-    Vianen)
+   Vianen)
 Fix for erroneous selectivity of not-equals (Tom)
 Fix for erroneous use of strcmp() (Tom)
 Fix for bug where storage manager accesses items beyond end of file
-    (Tom)
+   (Tom)
 Fix to include kernel errno message in all smgr elog messages (Tom)
 Fix for '.' not in PATH at build time (SL Baur)
 Fix for out-of-file-descriptors error (Tom)
@@ -13325,81 +14053,81 @@ Fix TRUNCATE failure on relations with indexes (Tom)
 Avoid database-wide restart on write error (Hiroshi)
 Fix nodeMaterial to honor chgParam by recomputing its output (Tom)
 Fix VACUUM problem with moving chain of update row versions when source
-    and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
+   and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
 Fix user.c CommandCounterIncrement (Tom)
 Fix for AM/PM boundary problem in to_char() (Karel Zak)
 Fix TIME aggregate handling (Tom)
 Fix to_char() to avoid coredump on NULL input (Tom)
 Buffer fix (Tom)
 Fix for inserting/copying longer multibyte strings into char() data
-    types (Tatsuo)
+   types (Tatsuo)
 Fix for crash of backend, on abort (Tom)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
-   <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
+  <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.0.2</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.0.2</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Added documentation to tarball.
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
-   <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
+  <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.0.1</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.0.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.0.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.0.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Fix many CLUSTER failures (Tom)
 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME works on indexes (Tom)
 Fix plpgsql to handle datetime-&gt;timestamp and timespan-&gt;interval (Bruce)
@@ -13422,160 +14150,160 @@ Copy pg_ident.conf.sample into /lib directory in install (Bruce)
 Add SJIS UDC (NEC selection IBM kanji) support (Eiji Tokuya)
 Fix too long syslog message (Tatsuo)
 Fix problem with quoted indexes that are too long (Tom)
-JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow & Floyd Marinescu)
+JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow &amp; Floyd Marinescu)
 ecpg changes (Michael)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-0">
-   <title>Release 7.0</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-0">
+  <title>Release 7.0</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
-    the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-    There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
-    release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
-    release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
-    this one is no exception.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
+   the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+   There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
+   release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
+   release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
+   this one is no exception.
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Foreign Keys
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
-       foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
-       pleased to offer it.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Foreign Keys
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
+      foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
+      pleased to offer it.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Optimizer Overhaul
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
-       improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
-       with less memory usage.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Optimizer Overhaul
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
+      improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
+      with less memory usage.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Updated <application>psql</application>
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
-       updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Updated <application>psql</application>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
+      updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Join Syntax
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
-       <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
-       <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
-       and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
-       column correlation names.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Join Syntax
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
+      <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
+      <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
+      and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
+      column correlation names.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    </varlistentry>
-   </variablelist>
+   </varlistentry>
+  </variablelist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.0</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.0</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
-     is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
-     previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-     For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you can instead use
-     <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
-     release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
-     most robust method for upgrades.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
+    is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
+    previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+    For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you can instead use
+    <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
+    release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
+    most robust method for upgrades.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
-     release include:
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
+    release include:
+   </para>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
-       <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
-       SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
-       <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
-       ease the transition by allowing
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
-       the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
-       names, this mechanism cannot be completely transparent to
-       your existing application.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
+      <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
+      SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
+      <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
+      ease the transition by allowing
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
+      the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
+      names, this mechanism cannot be completely transparent to
+      your existing application.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
-       query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
-       decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
-       for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
-       usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
-       query times might go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
-       of data, you might want to check your queries to verify
-       performance.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
+      query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
+      decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
+      for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
+      usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
+      query times might go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
+      of data, you might want to check your queries to verify
+      performance.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
-       interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
+      interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
-       native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
-       to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
-       ambiguity with other types implementing
-       <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
+      native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
+      to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
+      ambiguity with other types implementing
+      <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Prevent function calls exceeding maximum number of arguments (Tom)
@@ -13691,8 +14419,8 @@ Added psql LASTOID variable to return last inserted oid (Peter E)
 Allow concurrent vacuum and remove pg_vlock vacuum lock file (Tom)
 Add privilege check for vacuum (Peter E)
 New libpq functions to allow asynchronous connections: PQconnectStart(),
-   PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
-   PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
+  PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
+  PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
 New libpq PQsetenv() function (Ewan Mellor)
 create/alter user extension (Peter E)
 New postmaster.pid and postmaster.opts under $PGDATA (Tatsuo)
@@ -13710,7 +14438,7 @@ All administration scripts now support --long options (Peter E, Karel)
 Vacuumdb script now supports --all option (Peter E)
 ecpg new portable FETCH syntax
 Add ecpg EXEC SQL IFDEF, EXEC SQL IFNDEF, EXEC SQL ELSE, EXEC SQL ELIF
-        and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
+       and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
 Add pg_ctl script to control backend start-up (Tatsuo)
 Add postmaster.opts.default file to store start-up flags (Tatsuo)
 Allow --with-mb=SQL_ASCII
@@ -13732,7 +14460,7 @@ Allow COPY IN to read file that do not end with a newline (Tom)
 Indicate when long identifiers are truncated (Tom)
 Allow aggregates to use type equivalency (Peter E)
 Add Oracle's to_char(), to_date(), to_datetime(), to_timestamp(), to_number()
-        conversion functions (Karel Zak &lt;zakkr@zf.jcu.cz&gt;)
+       conversion functions (Karel Zak &lt;zakkr@zf.jcu.cz&gt;)
 Add SELECT DISTINCT ON (expr [, expr ...]) targetlist ... (Tom)
 Check to be sure ORDER BY is compatible with the DISTINCT operation (Tom)
 Add NUMERIC and int8 types to ODBC
@@ -13893,75 +14621,75 @@ NT fixes
 NetBSD fixes (Johnny C. Lam <email>lamj@stat.cmu.edu</email>)
 Fixes for Alpha compiles
 New multibyte encodings
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
-   <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
-   </note>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
+  <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
 
-   <para>
-    This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2.  We have added a new
-    <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
-   </para>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
+  </note>
 
+  <para>
+   This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2.  We have added a new
+   <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.5.3</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     6.5.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.5.3</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    6.5.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
 NT-specific patch
 Fix dumping rules on inherited tables
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
-   <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
+  <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1.  We have fixed a variety of
-    problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1.  We have fixed a variety of
+   problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.5.2</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.5.2</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     6.5.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    6.5.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 subselect+CASE fixes(Tom)
 Add SHLIB_LINK setting for solaris_i386 and solaris_sparc ports(Daren Sefcik)
 Fixes for CASE in WHERE join clauses(Tom)
@@ -13983,41 +14711,41 @@ Fix for unary operators in rule deparser(Tom)
 Comment out FileUnlink of excess segments during mdtruncate()(Tom)
 IRIX linking fix from Yu Cao &gt;yucao@falcon.kla-tencor.com&lt;
 Repair logic error in LIKE: should not return LIKE_ABORT
-   when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
+  when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
 Repair incorrect cleanup of heap memory allocation during transaction abort(Tom)
 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
-   <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
+  <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.  We have fixed a variety of
-    problems reported by 6.5 users.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.  We have fixed a variety of
+   problems reported by 6.5 users.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.5.1</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.5.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     6.5.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    6.5.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Add NT README file
 Portability fixes for linux_ppc, IRIX, linux_alpha, OpenBSD, alpha
 Remove QUERY_LIMIT, use SELECT...LIMIT
@@ -14041,244 +14769,244 @@ Shared library dependencies fixed (Tom)
 Fixed glitches affecting GROUP BY in subselects(Tom)
 Fix some compiler warnings (Tomoaki Nishiyama)
 Add Win1250 (Czech) support (Pavel Behal)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-5">
-   <title>Release 6.5</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-5">
+  <title>Release 6.5</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
-    code we inherited from Berkeley.  You will see we are now easily adding
-    major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
-    world-wide development team.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
+   code we inherited from Berkeley.  You will see we are now easily adding
+   major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
+   world-wide development team.
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
+  <para>
+   Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
 
-    <variablelist>
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        This removes our old table-level locking, and replaces it with
-        a locking system that is superior to most commercial database
-        systems.  In a traditional system, each row that is modified
-        is locked until committed, preventing reads by other users.
-        MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to allow readers to
-        continue reading consistent data during writer activity.
-        Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction system.
-        This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
-        every row like traditional database systems.  So, basically,
-        we no longer are restricted by simple table-level locking; we
-        have something better than row-level locking.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This removes our old table-level locking, and replaces it with
+       a locking system that is superior to most commercial database
+       systems.  In a traditional system, each row that is modified
+       is locked until committed, preventing reads by other users.
+       MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to allow readers to
+       continue reading consistent data during writer activity.
+       Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction system.
+       This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
+       every row like traditional database systems.  So, basically,
+       we no longer are restricted by simple table-level locking; we
+       have something better than row-level locking.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
-        MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
-        the database stays online and available for queries.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
+       MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
+       the database stays online and available for queries.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Numeric data type
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        We now have a true numeric data type, with
-        user-specified precision.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Numeric data type
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       We now have a true numeric data type, with
+       user-specified precision.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Temporary tables
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
-        within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Temporary tables
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
+       within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       New SQL features
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
-        support.  We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
-        SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      New SQL features
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
+       support.  We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
+       SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Speedups
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        We continue to speed up <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>,
-        thanks to the variety of talents within our team.  We have
-        sped up memory allocation, optimization, table joins, and row
-        transfer routines.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Speedups
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       We continue to speed up <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>,
+       thanks to the variety of talents within our team.  We have
+       sped up memory allocation, optimization, table joins, and row
+       transfer routines.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Ports
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        We continue to expand our port list, this time including
-        <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Ports
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       We continue to expand our port list, this time including
+       <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Interfaces
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
-        has been improved.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Interfaces
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
+       has been improved.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Documentation
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New and updated material is present throughout the
-        documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
-        contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
-        The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
-        on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
-        For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
-        reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
-        programs, and a new appendix
-        contains details on date/time behavior.
-        The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
-        chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
-        And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
-        description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
-        on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
-        tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
-        <productname>CVSup</productname>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-    </variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Documentation
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New and updated material is present throughout the
+       documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
+       contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
+       The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
+       on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
+       For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
+       reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
+       programs, and a new appendix
+       contains details on date/time behavior.
+       The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
+       chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
+       And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
+       description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
+       on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
+       tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
+       <productname>CVSup</productname>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.5</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
+    is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
+    previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+    <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
+    be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
+    of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.5</title>
+   <para>
+    The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
+    give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
+    environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
+     to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
+     behavior you need.</emphasis>
+   </para>
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
 
     <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
-     is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
-     previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-     <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
-     be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
-     of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
+     Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
+     isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
+     another. In other words, if a row is returned by
+     <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
+     at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
+     transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
+     updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
+     a commit or rollback.
     </para>
 
     <para>
-     The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
-     give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
-     environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
-      to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
-      behavior you need.</emphasis>
+     To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
+     concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
+     an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
+     taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
     </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
-
-     <para>
-      Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
-      isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
-      another. In other words, if a row is returned by
-      <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
-      at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
-      transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
-      updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
-      a commit or rollback.
-     </para>
-
-     <para>
-      To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
-      concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
-      an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
-      taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
-     </para>
-
-     <para>
-      Keep the above in mind if you are using
-      <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
-      referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
-      to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
-      command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
-      use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
-      transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
-
-      <note>
-       <para>
-        Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
-        execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
-        <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
-        (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
-        transaction.
-       </para>
-      </note>
-     </para>
+    <para>
+     Keep the above in mind if you are using
+     <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
+     referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
+     to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
+     command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
+     use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
+     transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
+
+     <note>
+      <para>
+       Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
+       execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
+       <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
+       (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
+       transaction.
+      </para>
+     </note>
+    </para>
 
-     <para>
-      These inconveniences will disappear in the future
-      when the ability to read dirty
-      (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
-      integrity will be implemented.
-     </para>
-    </sect3>
-    </sect2>
+    <para>
+     These inconveniences will disappear in the future
+     when the ability to read dirty
+     (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
+     integrity will be implemented.
+    </para>
+   </sect3>
+   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Fix text&lt;-&gt;float8 and text&lt;-&gt;float4 conversion functions(Thomas)
@@ -14387,7 +15115,7 @@ New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar types(Thomas)
 New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
 Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
 Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set at configure time
-      (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
+     (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
 GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer speedups(Tom)
 Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
 Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either "automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
@@ -14440,19 +15168,19 @@ Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
 Better support for HP-UX 11 and UnixWare
 Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent file descriptor leak(Tom)
 New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
 <sect1 id="release-6-4-2">
 <title>Release 6.4.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 The 6.4.1 release was improperly packaged.  This also has one additional
@@ -14461,7 +15189,7 @@ bug fix.
 
 
 <sect2>
-<title>Migration to version 6.4.2</title>
+<title>Migration to Version 6.4.2</title>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
@@ -14484,10 +15212,10 @@ Fix for datetime constant problem on some platforms(Thomas)
 <sect1 id="release-6-4-1">
 <title>Release 6.4.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.4.  We have fixed a variety of
@@ -14496,7 +15224,7 @@ problems reported by 6.4 users.
 
 
 <sect2>
-<title>Migration to version 6.4.1</title>
+<title>Migration to Version 6.4.1</title>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
@@ -14509,12 +15237,12 @@ A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
 <para>
 <programlisting>
 Add pg_dump -N flag to force double quotes around identifiers.  This is
-        the default(Thomas)
+       the default(Thomas)
 Fix for NOT in where clause causing crash(Bruce)
 EXPLAIN VERBOSE coredump fix(Vadim)
 Fix shared-library problems on Linux
 Fix test for table existence to allow mixed-case and whitespace in
-        the table name(Thomas)
+       the table name(Thomas)
 Fix a couple of pg_dump bugs
 Configure matches template/.similar entries better(Tom)
 Change builtin function names from SPI_* to spi_*
@@ -14548,10 +15276,10 @@ Upgrade to PyGreSQL 2.2(D'Arcy)
 <sect1 id="release-6-4">
 <title>Release 6.4</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
@@ -14630,7 +15358,7 @@ been.
 </para>
 
 <sect2>
-<title>Migration to version 6.4</title>
+<title>Migration to Version 6.4</title>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
@@ -14640,11 +15368,11 @@ previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
+  <sect2>
 <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
@@ -14757,22 +15485,22 @@ Indexes for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
 New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
 Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
 New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
-        * Rules on relations work
-        * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
-        * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
-        * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
-        * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
-        * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
-        * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
-        * Rules and views inherit the privileges of the creator
-        * No rules at the column level
-        * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
-        * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
-        * Only a single action on SELECT rules
-        * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
-        * handle subselects
-        * handle aggregates on views
-        * handle insert into select from view works
+       * Rules on relations work
+       * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
+       * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
+       * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
+       * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
+       * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
+       * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
+       * Rules and views inherit the privileges of the creator
+       * No rules at the column level
+       * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
+       * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
+       * Only a single action on SELECT rules
+       * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
+       * handle subselects
+       * handle aggregates on views
+       * handle insert into select from view works
 System indexes are now multikey(Bruce)
 Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
 Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
@@ -14845,10 +15573,10 @@ new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
 <sect1 id="release-6-3-2">
 <title>Release 6.3.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 This is a bug-fix release for 6.3.x.
@@ -14884,11 +15612,11 @@ For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
 </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Configure detection improvements for tcl/tk(Brook Milligan, Alvin)
 Manual page improvements(Bruce)
 BETWEEN and LIKE fix(Thomas)
@@ -14907,21 +15635,21 @@ libreadline cleanup(Erwan MAS)
 Remove DISTDIR(Bruce)
 Makefile dependency cleanup(Jeroen van Vianen)
 ASSERT fixes(Bruce)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
-   <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
+  <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    Summary:
+  <para>
+   Summary:
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem>
@@ -14961,11 +15689,11 @@ For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
 </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 ecpg cleanup/fixes, now version 1.1(Michael Meskes)
 pg_user cleanup(Bruce)
 large object fix for pg_dump and tclsh (alvin)
@@ -14993,154 +15721,154 @@ Fix Alpha port(Dwayne Bailey)
 Fix for text arrays containing quotes(Doug Gibson)
 Solaris compile fix(Albert Chin-A-Young)
 Better identify tcl and tk libs and includes(Bruce)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-6-3">
-   <title>Release 6.3</title>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
-   </note>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-3">
+  <title>Release 6.3</title>
 
-   <para>
-    There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
-    Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Many new SQL features, including
-       full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
-       (everything is here but target-list subselects).
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <para>
+   There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
+   Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Many new SQL features, including
+      full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
+      (everything is here but target-list subselects).
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
-       so you might need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
-       <option>-i</option> flag.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table privileges have changed.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
+      so you might need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
+      <option>-i</option> flag.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
-       has been removed. Performance has been improved.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table privileges have changed.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-    <para>
-     Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
-    </para>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
+      has been removed. Performance has been improved.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </para>
 
+  <note>
    <para>
-    There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention.  These are
-    only the big items that cannot be described in one sentence.  A review
-    of the detailed changes list is still needed.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    First, we now have subselects.  Now that we have them, I would like to
-    mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
-    Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
-    places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries.  I
-    think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you might
-    think.  Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
-    functional ones too.  The only thing you cannot do with subselects is to
-    use them in the target list.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default.  To
-    enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
-    postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.  Also, for this
-    reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
-    <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
-    any columns after the first column of this type.  <type>char()</type> used to also
-    have this access penalty, but it no longer does.  This might suggest that
-    you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
-    columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>.  This and other
-    changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file.  There are
-    new SQL USER commands.
-    See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
-    information.  There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
-    user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
-    by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user.  pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
-    SELECT-able by PUBLIC.  You should keep using pg_user in your
-    application without changes.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    User-created tables now no longer have SELECT privilege to PUBLIC by
-    default.  This was done because the ANSI standard requires it.  You can
-    of course GRANT any privileges you want after the table is created.
-    System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    We also have real deadlock detection code.  No more sixty-second
-    timeouts.  And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
-    should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
-    releases.  Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
-    release.  Check out the doc/ directory.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
-    using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>).  Please check out the new
-    \d command for types, operators, etc.  Also, views have their own
-    privileges now, not based on the underlying tables, so privileges on
-    them have to be set separately.  Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
-    ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    This is the first release that really required an explanation for
-    existing users.  In many ways, this was necessary because the new
-    release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
-    are no longer needed.
+    Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
    </para>
+  </note>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.3</title>
+  <para>
+   There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention.  These are
+   only the big items that cannot be described in one sentence.  A review
+   of the detailed changes list is still needed.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   First, we now have subselects.  Now that we have them, I would like to
+   mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
+   Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
+   places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries.  I
+   think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you might
+   think.  Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
+   functional ones too.  The only thing you cannot do with subselects is to
+   use them in the target list.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default.  To
+   enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
+   postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.  Also, for this
+   reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
+   <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
+   any columns after the first column of this type.  <type>char()</type> used to also
+   have this access penalty, but it no longer does.  This might suggest that
+   you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
+   columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>.  This and other
+   changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file.  There are
+   new SQL USER commands.
+   See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
+   information.  There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
+   user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
+   by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user.  pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
+   SELECT-able by PUBLIC.  You should keep using pg_user in your
+   application without changes.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   User-created tables now no longer have SELECT privilege to PUBLIC by
+   default.  This was done because the ANSI standard requires it.  You can
+   of course GRANT any privileges you want after the table is created.
+   System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   We also have real deadlock detection code.  No more sixty-second
+   timeouts.  And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
+   should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
+   releases.  Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
+   release.  Check out the doc/ directory.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
+   using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>).  Please check out the new
+   \d command for types, operators, etc.  Also, views have their own
+   privileges now, not based on the underlying tables, so privileges on
+   them have to be set separately.  Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
+   ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   This is the first release that really required an explanation for
+   existing users.  In many ways, this was necessary because the new
+   release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
+   are no longer needed.
+  </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
-     or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
-     is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
-     previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.3</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
+    or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
+    is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
+    previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Fix binary cursors broken by MOVE implementation(Vadim)
@@ -15160,19 +15888,19 @@ Fix for count(*), aggs with views and multiple tables and sum(3)(Bruce)
 Fix cluster(Bruce)
 Fix for PQtrace start/stop several times(Bruce)
 Fix a variety of locking problems like newer lock waiters getting
-        lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
-        locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
-        getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
+       lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
+       locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
+       getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
 Fix crashes in psql when executing queries from external files(James)
 Fix problem with multiple order by columns, with the first one having
-        NULL values(Jeroen)
+       NULL values(Jeroen)
 Use correct hash table support functions for float8 and int4(Thomas)
 Re-enable JOIN= option in CREATE OPERATOR statement (Thomas)
 Change precedence for boolean operators to match expected behavior(Thomas)
 Generate elog(ERROR) on over-large integer(Bruce)
 Allow multiple-argument functions in constraint clauses(Thomas)
 Check boolean input literals for 'true','false','yes','no','1','0'
-        and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
+       and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
 Major large objects fix
 Fix for GROUP BY showing duplicates(Vadim)
 Fix for index scans in MergeJoin(Vadim)
@@ -15184,7 +15912,7 @@ New User Manual(Thomas, others)
 Speedup by inlining some frequently-called functions
 Real deadlock detection, no more timeouts(Bruce)
 Add SQL92 "constants" CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-        CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
+       CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
 Modify constraint syntax to be SQL92-compliant(Thomas)
 Implement SQL92 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE clauses using indexes(Thomas)
 Recognize SQL92 syntax for FOREIGN KEY. Throw elog notice(Thomas)
@@ -15196,11 +15924,11 @@ Allow shorter strings for boolean literals (e.g. "t", "tr", "tru")(Thomas)
 Allow SQL92 delimited identifiers(Thomas)
 Implement SQL92 binary and hexadecimal string decoding (b'10' and x'1F')(Thomas)
 Support SQL92 syntax for type coercion of literal strings
-        (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
+       (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
 Add conversions for int2, int4, and OID types to and from text(Thomas)
 Use shared lock when building indexes(Vadim)
 Free memory allocated for an user query inside transaction block after
-        this query is done, was turned off in &lt;= 6.2.1(Vadim)
+       this query is done, was turned off in &lt;= 6.2.1(Vadim)
 New SQL statement CREATE PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE(Jan)
 New <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Procedural Language (PL) backend interface(Jan)
 Rename pg_dump -H option to -h(Bruce)
@@ -15218,10 +15946,10 @@ Implement SET keyword = DEFAULT and SET TIME ZONE DEFAULT(Thomas)
 Enable SET TIME ZONE using TZ environment variable(Thomas)
 Add PGDATESTYLE environment variable to frontend and backend initialization(Thomas)
 Add PGTZ, PGCOSTHEAP, PGCOSTINDEX, PGRPLANS, PGGEQO
-        frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
+       frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
 Regression tests time zone automatically set with "setenv PGTZ PST8PDT"(Thomas)
 Add pg_description table for info on tables, columns, operators, types, and
-        aggregates(Bruce)
+       aggregates(Bruce)
 Increase 16 char limit on system table/index names to 32 characters(Bruce)
 Rename system indexes(Bruce)
 Add 'GERMAN' option to SET DATESTYLE(Thomas)
@@ -15232,7 +15960,7 @@ Implement day of year as possible input to date_part()(Thomas)
 Define timespan_finite() and text_timespan() functions(Thomas)
 Remove archive stuff(Bruce)
 Allow for a pg_password authentication database that is separate from
-        the system password file(Todd)
+       the system password file(Todd)
 Dump ACLs, GRANT, REVOKE privileges(Matt)
 Define text, varchar, and bpchar string length functions(Thomas)
 Fix Query handling for inheritance, and cost computations(Bruce)
@@ -15264,9 +15992,9 @@ Remove pg_time table(Vadim)
 Add pg_type attribute to identify types that need length (bpchar, varchar)
 Add report of offending line when COPY command fails
 Allow VIEW privileges to be set separately from the underlying tables.
-        For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
+       For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
 Tables now have no default GRANT SELECT TO PUBLIC.  You must
-        explicitly grant such privileges.
+       explicitly grant such privileges.
 Clean up tutorial examples(Darren)
 
 Source Tree Changes
@@ -15274,12 +16002,12 @@ Source Tree Changes
 Add new html development tools, and flow chart in /tools/backend
 Fix for SCO compiles
 Stratus computer port Robert Gillies
-Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived & i386_solaris
+Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived &amp; i386_solaris
 Make configure more automated(Brook)
 Add script to check regression test results
 Break parser functions into smaller files, group together(Bruce)
 Rename heap_create to heap_create_and_catalog, rename heap_creatr
-        to heap_create()(Bruce)
+       to heap_create()(Bruce)
 Sparc/Linux patch for locking(TomS)
 Remove PORTNAME and reorganize port-specific stuff(Marc)
 Add optimizer README file(Bruce)
@@ -15288,7 +16016,7 @@ Fix for NetBSD locking(Henry)
 Fix for libptcl make(Tatsuo)
 AIX patch(Darren)
 Change IS TRUE, IS FALSE, ... to expressions using "=" rather than
-        function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
+       function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
 Various fixes NetBSD/Sparc related(TomH)
 Alpha linux locking(Travis,Ryan)
 Change elog(WARN) to elog(ERROR)(Bruce)
@@ -15313,10 +16041,10 @@ Remove un-needed malloc() calls and replace with palloc()(Bruce)
 <sect1 id="release-6-2-1">
 <title>Release 6.2.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 6.2.1 is a bug-fix and usability release on 6.2.
@@ -15362,8 +16090,8 @@ Another way to avoid dump/reload is to use the following SQL command
 from <command>psql</command> to update the existing system table:
 
 <programlisting>
-  update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
-   where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
+ update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
+  where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
 </programlisting>
 </para>
 <para>
@@ -15371,11 +16099,11 @@ This will need to be done to every existing database, including template1.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Allow TIME and TYPE column names(Thomas)
 Allow larger range of true/false as boolean values(Thomas)
 Support output of "now" and "current"(Thomas)
@@ -15387,18 +16115,18 @@ Fix avg(cash) computation(Thomas)
 Fix for specifying a column twice in ORDER/GROUP BY(Vadim)
 Documented new libpq function to return affected rows, PQcmdTuples(Bruce)
 Trigger function for inserting user names for INSERT/UPDATE(Brook Milligan)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 <sect1 id="release-6-2">
 <title>Release 6.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
@@ -15427,56 +16155,56 @@ because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Fix problems with pg_dump for inheritance, sequences, archive tables(Bruce)
 Fix compile errors on overflow due to shifts, unsigned, and bad prototypes
-         from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
+        from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
 Fix bugs in geometric line arithmetic (bad intersection calculations)(Thomas)
 Check for geometric intersections at endpoints to avoid rounding ugliness(Thomas)
 Catch non-functional delete attempts(Vadim)
 Change time function names to be more consistent(Michael Reifenberg)
 Check for zero divides(Michael Reifenberg)
 Fix very old bug which made rows changed/inserted by a command
-        visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
-        updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
+       visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
+       updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
 Fix for SELECT null, 'fail' FROM pg_am (Patrick)
 SELECT NULL as EMPTY_FIELD now allowed(Patrick)
 Remove un-needed signal stuff from contrib/pginterface
 Fix OR (where x != 1 or x isnull didn't return rows with x NULL) (Vadim)
 Fix time_cmp function (Vadim)
 Fix handling of functions with non-attribute first argument in
-        WHERE clauses (Vadim)
+       WHERE clauses (Vadim)
 Fix GROUP BY when order of entries is different from order
-        in target list (Vadim)
+       in target list (Vadim)
 Fix pg_dump for aggregates without sfunc1 (Vadim)
 
 Enhancements
 ------------
 Default genetic optimizer GEQO parameter is now 8(Bruce)
 Allow use parameters in target list having aggregates in functions(Vadim)
-Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian & Peter)
+Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian &amp; Peter)
 pg_password utility
 Return number of rows inserted/affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE etc.(Vadim)
 Triggers implemented with CREATE TRIGGER (SQL3)(Vadim)
 SPI (Server Programming Interface) allows execution of queries inside
-        C-functions (Vadim)
+       C-functions (Vadim)
 NOT NULL implemented (SQL92)(Robson Paniago de Miranda)
 Include reserved words for string handling, outer joins, and unions(Thomas)
 Implement extended comments ("/* ... */") using exclusive states(Thomas)
 Add "//" single-line comments(Bruce)
 Remove some restrictions on characters in operator names(Thomas)
-DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim & Thomas)
+DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim &amp; Thomas)
 Add text concatenation operator and function (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Support WITH TIME ZONE syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Support INTERVAL unit TO unit syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Define types DOUBLE PRECISION, INTERVAL, CHARACTER,
-        and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
+       and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Define type FLOAT(p) and rudimentary DECIMAL(p,s), NUMERIC(p,s) (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Define EXTRACT(), POSITION(), SUBSTRING(), and TRIM() (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Define CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (SQL92)(Thomas)
@@ -15486,14 +16214,14 @@ Allow hh:mm:ss time entry for timespan/reltime types(Thomas)
 Add center() routines for lseg, path, polygon(Thomas)
 Add distance() routines for circle-polygon, polygon-polygon(Thomas)
 Check explicitly for points and polygons contained within polygons
-        using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
+       using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
 Add routine to convert circle-box(Thomas)
 Merge conflicting operators for different geometric data types(Thomas)
 Replace distance operator "&lt;===&gt;" with "&lt;-&gt;"(Thomas)
 Replace "above" operator "!^" with "&gt;^" and "below" operator "!|" with "&lt;^"(Thomas)
 Add routines for text trimming on both ends, substring, and string position(Thomas)
 Added conversion routines circle(box) and poly(circle)(Thomas)
-Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce & Vadim)
+Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce &amp; Vadim)
 Allow functions and operators on internally-identical types to succeed(Bruce)
 Speed up backend start-up after profiling analysis(Bruce)
 Inline frequently called functions for performance(Bruce)
@@ -15526,7 +16254,7 @@ new interfaces directory(Marc)
 Replace fopen() calls with calls to fd.c functions(Bruce)
 Make functions static where possible(Bruce)
 enclose unused functions in #ifdef NOT_USED(Bruce)
-Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce & Thomas)
+Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce &amp; Thomas)
 Changes for Digital Unix
 Portability fix for pg_dumpall(Bruce)
 Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
@@ -15534,12 +16262,12 @@ Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
 "built-in" manual page now "pgbuiltin"(Bruce)
 "drop" manual page now "drop_table"(Bruce)
 Add "create_trigger", "drop_trigger" manual pages(Thomas)
-Add constraints regression test(Vadim & Thomas)
+Add constraints regression test(Vadim &amp; Thomas)
 Add comments syntax regression test(Thomas)
 Add PGINDENT and support program(Bruce)
 Massive commit to run PGINDENT on all *.c and *.h files(Bruce)
 Files moved to /src/tools directory(Bruce)
-SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
+SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim &amp; D'Arcy)
 </programlisting>
 </para>
 </sect2>
@@ -15548,10 +16276,10 @@ SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
 <sect1 id="release-6-1-1">
 <title>Release 6.1.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <sect2>
 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.1.1</title>
@@ -15563,11 +16291,11 @@ Refer to the release notes for 6.1 for more details.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 fix for SET with options (Thomas)
 allow pg_dump/pg_dumpall to preserve ownership of all tables/objects(Bruce)
 new psql \connect option allows changing usernames without changing databases
@@ -15585,68 +16313,68 @@ major fix for endian handling of communication to server(Thomas, Tatsuo)
 Fix for Solaris assembler and include files(Yoshihiko Ichikawa)
 allow underscores in usernames(Bruce)
 pg_dumpall now returns proper status, portability fix(Bruce)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 <sect1 id="release-6-1">
 <title>Release 6.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
-  The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
-  6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+ The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
+ 6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
-  the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
-  have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
-  The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
-  relative to the original regression output.
+ Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
+ the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
+ have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
+ The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
+ relative to the original regression output.
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
+ <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
 optimizer which uses <firstterm>genetic</firstterm>
-  algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
-  of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
-  tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
-  regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
-  hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
-  for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
-  intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
-  <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
+ algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
+ of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
+ tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
+ regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
+ hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
+ for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
+ intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
+ <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
-  values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
-  tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
-  new interpretation, which might not be correct!
+ The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
+ values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
+ tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
+ new interpretation, which might not be correct!
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
-  to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
-  mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
+ The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
+ to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
+ mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
-  <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
-  regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
-  <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
-  machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
+ The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
+ <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
+ regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
+ <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
+ machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
 </para>
 
 <sect2>
-<title>Migration to version 6.1</title>
+<title>Migration to Version 6.1</title>
 
 <para>
 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.0 database and a
@@ -15658,11 +16386,11 @@ because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 packet length checking in library routines
@@ -15765,10 +16493,10 @@ DG/UX, Ultrix, IRIX, AIX portability fixes
 <sect1 id="release-6-0">
 <title>Release 6.0</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
@@ -15793,11 +16521,11 @@ because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 ALTER TABLE bug - running postgres process needs to re-read table definition
@@ -15846,7 +16574,7 @@ Allow libpq to distinguish between text value '' and null(Bruce)
 Allow non-postgres users with createdb privs to destroydb's
 Allow restriction on who can create C functions(Bryan)
 Allow restriction on who can do backend COPY(Bryan)
-Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim & Erich)
+Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim &amp; Erich)
 Change debug level 2 to print queries only, changed debug heading layout(Bruce)
 Change default decimal constant representation from float4 to float8(Bruce)
 European date format now set when postmaster is started
@@ -15909,10 +16637,10 @@ Unused/uninitialized variables corrected
 <sect1 id="release-1-09">
 <title>Release 1.09</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 Sorry, we didn't keep track of changes from 1.02 to 1.09.  Some of
@@ -15924,10 +16652,10 @@ releases.
 <sect1 id="release-1-02">
 <title>Release 1.02</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <sect2>
 <title>Migration from version 1.02 to version 1.02.1</title>
@@ -15960,13 +16688,13 @@ Start up a new 1.02.1 postmaster
 <step>
 <para>
 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.02.1 to 1.01 or 1.02
-   databases.  This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
-   your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
-   the end of the file.   This can be done easily through <command>psql</>.  If your
-   1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
-   from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
+  databases.  This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
+  your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
+  the end of the file.   This can be done easily through <command>psql</>.  If your
+  1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
+  from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
 <programlisting>
-        % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
+       % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
 </programlisting>
 
 Those upgrading 1.02 databases will get a warning when executing the
@@ -15989,7 +16717,7 @@ end-of-data marker.  Also, empty strings are now loaded in as '' rather
 than NULL. See the copy manual page for full details.
 
 <programlisting>
-        sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' &lt;in_file &gt;out_file
+       sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' &lt;in_file &gt;out_file
 </programlisting>
 </para>
 <para>