From: Chet Ramey Date: Mon, 23 Sep 2019 13:42:14 +0000 (-0400) Subject: commit bash-20190920 snapshot X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=d111b2af6ebfd05b531bd0e6be261fabe713e040;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20190920 snapshot --- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 441f21bbe..d09e9ac9d 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -6560,3 +6560,77 @@ m4/intl.m4 - gt_INTL_SUBDIR_CORE: add back check for localeconv, removed in newer gettext releases + 9/16 + ---- +builtins/help.def + - help_builtin: make the closing quote printed after the argument list + for a glob pattern argument a translatable string to ease translation + for certain languages. Report from Roland Illig + +builtins/{reserved,complete,exec,getopts}.def + - minor typographical fixes from Roland Illig + +siglist.c + - include general.h for INT_STRLEN_BOUND + - initialize_siglist: use the same string for the strlen and xmalloc + for the message about an unknown signal number; use INT_STRLEN_BOUND + instead of a fixed 10 for the number + +builtins/getopts.def,doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - getopts: minor changes to the description of the effect of supplying + additional arguments. Report from Roland Illig + + 9/17 + ---- +jobs.[ch] + - save_proc_status: external interface to bgp_add, takes care of + blocking and unblocking SIGCHLD + - __P -> PARAMS + + 9/18 + ---- +jobs.[ch] + - procsub_{free,add,search,delete,waitpid,waitall,clear,prune}: new + functions to keep track of the list of active process substitutions + and their statuses. Implementation is currently a singly-linked list + of PROCESS *, so functions that expect a PROCESS * to manipulate + continue to work. Inspired by report from leo.dalecki@ntymail.com + - find_pipeline,cleanup_dead_jobs,wait_for_background_pids: call new + procsub_* functions to manage procsub list; don't call the functions + in subst.c any more + +subst.c + - process_substitute: call procsub_add with the PROCESS * returned + from make_child; let the functions in jobs.c manage the list. + waitchld continues to set the pid field in the fifo list as a hint + that a particular fd or FIFO is no longer used and can be reaped + - process_substitute: let the child process clear out any existing + procsub pid list + - wait_procsubs: no longer compiled in + +sig.c + - termsig_handler: replace discard_last_procsub_child with call to + procsub_clear + +lib/readline/display.c + - init_line_structures: fix a problem which results in references to + uninitialized memory when gdb sets the number of columns to 32767 + (their `unlimited'). Modification of change from 5/23. Report and + fix from Andrew Burgess + + 9/19 + ---- +parse.y + - xparse_dolparen: after calling parse_string to consume input, make + sure to reset the parser (reset_parser()) before restoring the EOF + token and the parser_state variable. Fixes issue with nested traps + running command substitutions in command lines with command + substitutions reported by Travis Everett + + 9/20 + ---- +doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1} + - fixed a typo in the example for the =~ operator: the ? should follow + the (a), not precede it. Report from hk + - some changes to the text describing regular expression matching for + the =~ operator diff --git a/builtins/caller.def b/builtins/caller.def index bf5eb96f8..1000979dd 100644 --- a/builtins/caller.def +++ b/builtins/caller.def @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This file is caller.def, from which is created caller.c. It implements the builtin "caller" in Bash. Copyright (C) 2002-2008 Rocky Bernstein for Free Software Foundation, Inc. -Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 2008-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ caller_builtin (list) static char *caller_doc[] = { N_("Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n\ \n\ - Without EXPR, returns "$line $filename". With EXPR, returns\n\ - "$line $subroutine $filename"; this extra information can be used to\n\ + Without EXPR, returns \"$line $filename\". With EXPR, returns\n\ + \"$line $subroutine $filename\"; this extra information can be used to\n\ provide a stack trace.\n\ \n\ The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n\ diff --git a/builtins/complete.def b/builtins/complete.def index ae1101097..7ec6816fe 100644 --- a/builtins/complete.def +++ b/builtins/complete.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is complete.def, from which is created complete.c. It implements the builtins "complete", "compgen", and "compopt" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1999-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1999-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ $PRODUCES complete.c $BUILTIN complete $DEPENDS_ON PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION $FUNCTION complete_builtin -$SHORT_DOC complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...] +$SHORT_DOC complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...] Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline. For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options @@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ print_cmd_completions (list) $BUILTIN compgen $DEPENDS_ON PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION $FUNCTION compgen_builtin -$SHORT_DOC compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word] +$SHORT_DOC compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word] Display possible completions depending on the options. Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible diff --git a/builtins/exec.def b/builtins/exec.def index 36be4fce7..cbcb641a6 100644 --- a/builtins/exec.def +++ b/builtins/exec.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is exec.def, from which is created exec.c. It implements the builtin "exec" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ $PRODUCES exec.c $BUILTIN exec $FUNCTION exec_builtin -$SHORT_DOC exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...] +$SHORT_DOC exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argument ...]] [redirection ...] Replace the shell with the given command. Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program. diff --git a/builtins/getopts.def b/builtins/getopts.def index f473ef01d..06c06248f 100644 --- a/builtins/getopts.def +++ b/builtins/getopts.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is getopts.def, from which is created getopts.c. It implements the builtin "getopts" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ $PRODUCES getopts.c $BUILTIN getopts $FUNCTION getopts_builtin -$SHORT_DOC getopts optstring name [arg] +$SHORT_DOC getopts optstring name [arg ...] Parse option arguments. Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters @@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the printing of error messages, even if the first character of OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default. -Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if -more arguments are given, they are parsed instead. +Getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if arguments +are supplied as ARG values, they are parsed instead. Exit Status: Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is diff --git a/builtins/help.def b/builtins/help.def index 92f9b382a..092a4b4c0 100644 --- a/builtins/help.def +++ b/builtins/help.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is help.def, from which is created help.c. It implements the builtin "help" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ help_builtin (list) { printf ("%s", ngettext ("Shell commands matching keyword `", "Shell commands matching keywords `", (list->next ? 2 : 1))); print_word_list (list, ", "); - printf ("'\n\n"); + printf ("%s", _("'\n\n")); } for (match_found = 0, pattern = ""; list; list = list->next) diff --git a/builtins/reserved.def b/builtins/reserved.def index 7f3c236b2..33184b029 100644 --- a/builtins/reserved.def +++ b/builtins/reserved.def @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This file is reserved.def, in which the shell reserved words are defined. It has no direct C file production, but defines builtins for the Bash builtin help command. -Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ $SHORT_DOC (( expression )) Evaluate arithmetic expression. The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic -evaluation. Equivalent to "let EXPRESSION". +evaluation. Equivalent to `let "EXPRESSION"'. Exit Status: Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise. diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 588433e90..304e43a94 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Mon Jul 8 15:14:50 EDT 2019 +.\" Last Change: Fri Sep 20 15:30:19 EDT 2019 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2019 July 8" "GNU Bash 5.0" +.TH BASH 1 "2019 September 20" "GNU Bash 5.0" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -742,7 +742,9 @@ to be matched as a string. An additional binary operator, \fB=~\fP, is available, with the same precedence as \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP. When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered -a POSIX extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in \fIregex\fP(3)). +a POSIX extended regular expression and matched accordingly +(using the POSIX \fIregcomp\fP and \fIregexec\fP interfaces +usually described in \fIregex\fP(3)). The return value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional @@ -8494,7 +8496,7 @@ does not specify a valid job or .I jobspec specifies a job that was started without job control. .TP -\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIargs\fP] +\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIarg ...\fP] .B getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters. .I optstring @@ -8540,8 +8542,9 @@ and \fIname\fP is set to ?. .sp 1 .B getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are -given in -.IR args , +supplied as +.I arg +values, .B getopts parses those instead. .sp 1 diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index bee8cf0eb..96a26e639 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 85c4ee018..4e6809f24 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 8 15:16:14 2019 +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 20 14:44:44 2019 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 July 8)151.505 E(1)205.665 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(1)190.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(2)205.665 E -0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(2) +190.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -598,7 +598,8 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(3)205.665 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(3)190.115 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -716,8 +717,8 @@ or more pipelines separated by the)108 597.6 R F2(&&)3.437 E F0(and) (returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435(xit status.)-.15 F .434 (The return status of AND)5.434 F(and OR lists is the e)108 705.6 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(4) -205.665 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(4)190.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -807,47 +808,48 @@ to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F .182 (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a POSIX e) 144 493.2 R .182(xtended re)-.15 F .181(gular e)-.15 F .181 -(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 505.2 R F2 --.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). 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If) +-.1 F .615(the pattern is stored in a shell v)3.115 F .615 +(ariable, quot-)-.25 F .413(ing the v)144 589.2 R .413(ariable e)-.25 F +.413(xpansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.)-.15 +F .412(Substrings matched)5.412 F 2.076(by parenthesized sube)144 601.2 +R 2.076(xpressions within the re)-.15 F 2.077(gular e)-.15 F 2.077 +(xpression are sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.577(di).15 G 4.577(nt)-4.577 G +2.077(he array v)-4.577 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)144 613.2 S(SH_REMA) +.27 E(TCH)-.855 E F4(.)A F0 1.403(The element of)5.904 F F3 -.27(BA) +3.903 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 1.403(with inde)3.653 F 3.903(x0i) +-.15 G 3.903(st)-3.903 G 1.403(he portion of the string)-3.903 F .187 +(matching the entire re)144 625.2 R .188(gular e)-.15 F 2.688 +(xpression. The)-.15 F .188(element of)2.688 F F3 -.27(BA)2.688 G +(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 .188(with inde)2.438 F(x)-.15 E F2(n)2.688 +E F0 .188(is the por)2.688 F(-)-.2 E(tion of the string matching the)144 +637.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 655.2 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -655.2 Q F1(\()144 673.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)) -2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 685.2 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) +667.2 Q F1(\()144 685.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)) +2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 697.2 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 697.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(5) -205.665 E 0 Cg EP +(operators.)180 709.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 +E(5)190.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -863,140 +865,139 @@ F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 132 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1(||)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E (ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 144 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G (pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 -E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 160.8 Q F1(&&)3.64 E F0(and)3.64 E F1(||) -3.64 E F0 1.14(operators do not e)3.64 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 --.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141(if the v)3.641 F 1.141 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 1.141 -(is suf)3.641 F 1.141(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 -172.8 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 --.25(fo)108 189.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .424(The list of w)144 201.6 R -.424(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.924 E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F -.423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .423(The v)5.423 F -(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to)2.923 F .653 +E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 160.8 Q F1(&&)3.641 E F0(and)3.641 E F1(||) +3.641 E F0 1.141(operators do not e)3.641 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E +F2 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141(if the v)3.641 F 1.14 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.64 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 1.14(is suf) +3.64 F 1.14(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 172.8 Q +(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo) +108 189.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 +(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 +E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 201.6 R .423 +(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423 +(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)2.924 F .653 (each element of this list in turn, and)144 213.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 (If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 -(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) -144 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.149 E F0 .648 +(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) +144 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 (once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).) --.25 E .153(The return status is the e)144 237.6 R .153 -(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654 -(cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).) +-.25 E .154(The return status is the e)144 237.6 R .153 +(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 +(cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F (follo)144 249.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 266.4 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e) -144 278.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) -3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 -(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.735 E F3 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 290.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) --.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e) -5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e) -3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F .592(it e)144 -302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.592 F +(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) +144 278.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) +3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 +(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G +(nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 290.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) +-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e) +5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e) +3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 +302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 -(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e) -3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 -314.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F +(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e) +3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 +314.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G -2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G -.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 326.4 R .228 -(alue is the e)-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 -(list)2.728 E F0 .227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f) -.15 F .227(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 +2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G +.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 326.4 R .227 +(alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 +(list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) +.15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 E -.15(ex)144 338.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1 (select)108 355.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 -.432(The list of w)144 367.2 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) -2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) --.15 F .433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 +.433(The list of w)144 367.2 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) +2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) +-.15 F .432(The set of e)5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 (is printed on the standard error)144 379.2 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) --3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 -(is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) +-3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 +(is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) 144 391.2 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 (w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) -2.451 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 403.2 R .213 -(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214 -F 1.537(played w)144 415.2 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) --.25 F F2(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) --.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038 -F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 427.2 R 2.566 -(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An) -5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25 -F F2(name)144.36 439.2 Q F0 .953(to be set to null.)3.633 F .953 -(The line read is sa)5.953 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.454(di).15 G 3.454(nt) --3.454 G .954(he v)-3.454 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.454 E(Y)-.828 E F4 -(.)A F0(The)5.454 E F2(list)3.544 E F0 .954(is e)4.134 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.954(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 451.2 R F1(br) +2.451 F .213(line read from the standard input.)144 403.2 R .213 +(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 +F 1.538(played w)144 415.2 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) +-.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) +-.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 +F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 427.2 R 2.565 +(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) +5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 +F F2(name)144.36 439.2 Q F0 .954(to be set to null.)3.634 F .954 +(The line read is sa)5.954 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.453(di).15 G 3.453(nt) +-3.453 G .953(he v)-3.453 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.453 E(Y)-.828 E F4 +(.)A F0(The)5.453 E F2(list)3.543 E F0 .953(is e)4.133 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.953(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 451.2 R F1(br) 2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) -2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F +2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F (last command e)144 463.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 480 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 492 Q F1(case)3.264 E F0 .764 -(command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 492 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764 +(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F -F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F 2.218 -(matching rules described under)144 504 R F1 -.1(Pa)4.718 G(tter).1 E -4.718(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.718 E F0(belo)4.718 E 6.017 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -(he).65 E F2(wor)4.717 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.217(is e)4.717 F 2.217 -(xpanded using tilde)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 516 S 3.968 +F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F 2.217 +(matching rules described under)144 504 R F1 -.1(Pa)4.717 G(tter).1 E +4.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.717 E F0(belo)4.717 E 6.018 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +(he).65 E F2(wor)4.718 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.218(is e)4.718 F 2.218 +(xpanded using tilde)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 516 S 3.969 (pansion, parameter and v).15 F 3.969(ariable e)-.25 F 3.969 -(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.969(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F .042(process substitution and quote remo)144 528 R -.25(va)-.15 G +(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.968(xpansion, command substitution,) +-.15 F .041(process substitution and quote remo)144 528 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.542(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)2.542 E F0 -.15(ex)2.542 G .042 -(amined is e).15 F .041(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .8 +(amined is e).15 F .042(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .8 (parameter and v)144 540 R .8(ariable e)-.25 F .8 (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .8 -(xpansion, command substitution, and process sub-)-.15 F 2.583 -(stitution. If)144 552 R(the)2.583 E F1(nocasematch)2.583 E F0 .083 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.583 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .082(rd to the).05 F .278(case of alphabetic characters.)144 -564 R .279(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.278 F F2(list) -2.779 E F0 .279(is e)2.779 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.779(cuted. If).15 F(the) -2.779 E F1(;;)2.779 E F0 .812(operator is used, no subsequent matches a\ +(xpansion, command substitution, and process sub-)-.15 F 2.582 +(stitution. If)144 552 R(the)2.582 E F1(nocasematch)2.582 E F0 .083 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.582 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .083(rd to the).05 F .279(case of alphabetic characters.)144 +564 R .279(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.279 F F2(list) +2.779 E F0 .278(is e)2.779 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.778(cuted. If).15 F(the) +2.778 E F1(;;)2.778 E F0 .812(operator is used, no subsequent matches a\ re attempted after the \214rst pattern match.)144 576 R(Using)5.812 E F1 -(;&)3.312 E F0(in)3.312 E .007(place of)144 588 R F1(;;)2.507 E F0 .007 +(;&)3.312 E F0(in)3.312 E .008(place of)144 588 R F1(;;)2.507 E F0 .007 (causes e)2.507 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)2.507 E F0 .007(associated with the ne)2.507 F .007 -(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.008 E F1(;;&)144 600 Q F0 .561 -(in place of)3.061 F F1(;;)3.061 E F0 .561 -(causes the shell to test the ne)3.061 F .56 -(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 1.86 -.65(y, a)-.15 H -.56(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E(an)144 612 Q 2.823(ya)-.15 G -(ssociated)-2.823 E F2(list)2.823 E F0 .323 -(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.823 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .324(cution as if the pattern).15 F .46(list had not matched.)144 +(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.007 E F1(;;&)144 600 Q F0 .56 +(in place of)3.06 F F1(;;)3.06 E F0 .56(causes the shell to test the ne) +3.06 F .561(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 1.861 -.65 +(y, a)-.15 H .561(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E(an)144 612 Q +2.824(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.824 E F2(list)2.824 E F0 .323 +(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.824 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .323(cution as if the pattern).15 F .46(list had not matched.)144 624 R .46(The e)5.46 F .46(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.) -.15 F .46(Otherwise, it is the e)5.46 F .46(xit status)-.15 F (of the last command e)144 636 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list) 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 652.8 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2 (list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F1(elif)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2 (list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 664.8 Q F1(if)2.977 E F2(list)3.067 E F0 .478 +(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 664.8 Q F1(if)2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 .478 (is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each) -2.978 E F1(elif)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 1.088(is e)144 676.8 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 +2.978 E F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 E F0 1.087(is e)144 676.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) -3.587 E F0 1.087(is e)3.587 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted and the).15 F -.103(command completes.)144 688.8 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.103 F F1(else) +3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F +.104(command completes.)144 688.8 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) 2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) --.15 F .104(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 700.8 Q -.15 +-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 700.8 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(6)205.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(6)190.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1011,82 +1012,83 @@ F1(while)3.45 E F0 .95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95 (as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F F2(list-1)144 120 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F1 (until)2.705 E F0 .205(command is identical to the)2.705 F F1(while) -2.705 E F0 .205(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .6(that the test is ne) -144 132 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F2(list-2)3.19 E F0 .6(is e)3.12 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .599(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F2 -(list-1)3.189 E F0 .599(returns a non-zero)3.099 F -.15(ex)144 144 S -.204(it status.).15 F .204(The e)5.204 F .204(xit status of the)-.15 F -F1(while)2.704 E F0(and)2.704 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .205 -(commands is the e)2.704 F .205(xit status of the last command)-.15 F --.15(exe)144 156 S(cuted in).15 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz) --2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -(Copr)87 172.8 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A)108 184.8 Q F2(copr)3.713 E(ocess) --.45 E F0 1.213(is a shell command preceded by the)3.713 F F1(copr)3.712 -E(oc)-.18 E F0(reserv)3.712 E 1.212(ed w)-.15 F 3.712(ord. A)-.1 F 1.212 -(coprocess is e)3.712 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.212(cuted asyn-).15 F .574(chr\ +2.705 E F0 .205(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599 +(that the test is ne)144 132 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F2(list-2)3.189 +E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .6 +(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F2(list-1)3.19 E F0 .6 +(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 144 S .205(it status.).15 F .205 +(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.705 E F0(and) +2.705 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 +(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 156 S(cuted in).15 E +F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e)-.1 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 172.8 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A)108 +184.8 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 +(is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F1(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 +(reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 +(coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) -108 196.8 R F1(&)3.075 E F0 .575(control operator)3.075 F 3.075(,w)-.4 G -.575(ith a tw)-3.075 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 208.8 S 2.5(yp).1 G +108 196.8 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G +.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 208.8 S 2.5(yp).1 G (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The format for a coprocess is:) 108 225.6 Q F1(copr)144 242.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 -E F0(])A .709(This creates a coprocess named)108 259.2 R F2 -.27(NA) +E F0(])A .708(This creates a coprocess named)108 259.2 R F2 -.27(NA) 3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 5.708(.I)C(f)-5.708 E F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 .708(is not supplied, the def)3.208 F .708(ault name is)-.1 F F1(COPR) -3.208 E(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.708 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 +3.209 E(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.709 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 (must not be supplied if)108 271.2 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 283.2 S 1.44(rd of the simple command.).1 F 1.44 (When the coprocess is e)6.44 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.44 (cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F 1.44(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)108 295.2 Q F0(belo)3.67 E 1.17(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA)3.67 -G(ME).27 E F0 1.17(in the conte)3.67 F 1.171(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.171(cuting shell.).15 F 1.171(The standard output of)6.171 F F2 -(command)3.871 E F0(is)4.441 E 2.029 +(Arrays)108 295.2 Q F0(belo)3.671 E 1.171(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA) +3.671 G(ME).27 E F0 1.171(in the conte)3.671 F 1.171(xt of the e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.171(cuting shell.).15 F 1.17(The standard output of) +6.17 F F2(command)3.87 E F0(is)4.44 E 2.029 (connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 307.2 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.029 (cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F2 -.27 -(NA)108 319.2 S(ME).27 E F0 3.856([0]. The)B 1.356(standard input of) -3.856 F F2(command)4.056 E F0 1.357 -(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)4.626 F -.15 +(NA)108 319.2 S(ME).27 E F0 3.857([0]. The)B 1.357(standard input of) +3.857 F F2(command)4.057 E F0 1.356 +(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)4.627 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .103 (shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to)108 331.2 R F2 -.27 (NA)2.603 G(ME).27 E F0 2.603([1]. This)B .103 -(pipe is established before an)2.603 F 2.603(yr)-.15 G .103 -(edirections spec-)-2.603 F 1.271(i\214ed by the command \(see)108 343.2 +(pipe is established before an)2.603 F 2.604(yr)-.15 G .104 +(edirections spec-)-2.604 F 1.272(i\214ed by the command \(see)108 343.2 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.771 E F0(belo)3.521 E 3.771 (w\). The)-.25 F 1.271(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.771 F -1.272(guments to)-.18 F 1.72 +1.271(guments to)-.18 F 1.719 (shell commands and redirections using standard w)108 355.2 R 1.719 -(ord e)-.1 F 4.219(xpansions. Other)-.15 F 1.719 -(than those created to e)4.219 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E .944 +(ord e)-.1 F 4.219(xpansions. Other)-.15 F 1.72(than those created to e) +4.219 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E .945 (command and process substitutions, the \214le descriptors are not a)108 -367.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .945(ilable in subshells.).25 F .945 -(The process ID of)5.945 F .598(the shell spa)108 379.2 R .597 +367.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .945(ilable in subshells.).25 F .944 +(The process ID of)5.944 F .597(the shell spa)108 379.2 R .597 (wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .597(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25 (va)-.2 G .597(ilable as the v).25 F .597(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable) --.25 E F2 -.27(NA)3.097 G(ME).27 E F0 3.097(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.097 E +-.25 E F2 -.27(NA)3.097 G(ME).27 E F0 3.097(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.098 E F0 -.2(bu)108 391.2 S(iltin command may be used to w).2 E (ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 (Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 408 -R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .336(command al)2.836 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .336 +R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .335(command al)2.835 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .335 (ys returns success.).1 F(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 420 Q(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 436.8 Q F0 2.698(As)108 448.8 S .198 -(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G -.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 436.8 Q F0 2.697(As)108 448.8 S .198 +(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G +.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 460.8 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E (Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 477.6 Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C (dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 489.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 ([\(\)])2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir) -.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.402(This de\214nes a function named)144 +.37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 501.6 R F2(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 (ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F -1.403(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.903 E F0(reserv)144 513.6 Q .162 +1.402(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 513.6 Q .162 (ed w)-.15 F .162(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F (The)5.162 E F2(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) 2.662 F(command)144 525.6 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) @@ -1094,44 +1096,44 @@ Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C 2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 537.6 Q F0 .044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F1 .044 -(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.901(,w) -.15 G .401(ith one e)-2.901 F .401(xception: If the)-.15 F F1(function) +(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.902(,w) +.15 G .402(ith one e)-2.902 F .402(xception: If the)-.15 F F1(function) 2.901 E F0(reserv)2.901 E .401(ed w)-.15 F .401(ord is used, b)-.1 F -.402(ut the parentheses are not sup-)-.2 F .047 +.401(ut the parentheses are not sup-)-.2 F .047 (plied, the braces are required.)144 561.6 R F2(compound\255command) 5.047 E F0 .047(is e)2.547 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .047(cuted whene).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2(name)2.547 E F0 .047(is speci\214ed as the)2.547 F -1.679(name of a simple command.)144 573.6 R 1.679(When in)6.679 F F2 -1.679(posix mode)4.179 F F0(,)A F2(name)4.179 E F0 1.68 +1.68(name of a simple command.)144 573.6 R 1.68(When in)6.68 F F2 1.68 +(posix mode)4.18 F F0(,)A F2(name)4.179 E F0 1.679 (may not be the name of one of the)4.179 F(POSIX)144 585.6 Q F2 .014 -(special b)2.514 F(uiltins)-.2 E F0 5.014(.A)C .314 -.15(ny r)-5.014 H +(special b)2.513 F(uiltins)-.2 E F0 5.014(.A)C .314 -.15(ny r)-5.014 H .014(edirections \(see).15 F F3(REDIRECTION)2.514 E F0(belo)2.264 E .014 -(w\) speci\214ed when a function is)-.25 F 1.119 +(w\) speci\214ed when a function is)-.25 F 1.12 (de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.619(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.619 G 1.12 +G 3.619(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.619 G 1.119 (it status of a function de\214nition is).15 F .217(zero unless a synta\ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -609.6 R 2.716(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 621.6 S .545(cuted, the e) -.15 F .545(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .546 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .546 +609.6 R 2.717(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 621.6 S .546(cuted, the e) +.15 F .546(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .545 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted in the body).15 F(.)-.65 E(\(See)144 633.6 Q F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF (COMMENTS)72 650.4 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 662.4 R 1.282 -.15 (ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F1(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F1(shopt)3.482 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 674.4 S .951(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.451 F +(bu)108 674.4 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F (UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 -F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.452 E F0 .952 -(causes that w)3.452 F(ord)-.1 E .605 +F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.451 E F0 .951 +(causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 (and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 686.4 R -.604(An interacti)5.605 F .904 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .604(hell without the) -.15 F F1(interacti)3.104 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 698.4 Q F0 -1.336(option enabled does not allo)3.836 F 3.836(wc)-.25 G 3.836 -(omments. The)-3.836 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 1.337(option is on by def)3.837 F 1.337(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 +.605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) +.15 F F1(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 698.4 Q F0 +1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 +(omments. The)-3.837 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 July 8)151.505 E(7)205.665 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(7)190.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1139,74 +1141,74 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(QU)72 84 S -.438(OT).11 G(ING).438 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(Quoting)108 96 Q F0 .478(is used to remo)2.978 F .777 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(Quoting)108 96 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 -F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .477(Quoting can be)5.477 F .184 +F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .185(ed w)-.15 F .185 +108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 (ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 120 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .289(Each of the)108 136.8 -R F2(metac)2.789 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) -2.789 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 136.8 +R F2(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) +2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 (has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 148.8 Q 1.344 +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 148.8 Q 1.345 (When the command history e)108 165.6 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 (acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.595 E 1.345(w\), the) +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) -.25 F F2(history e)108 177.6 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 (,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C (ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E (xpansion.)-.15 E(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 194.4 Q F2 (escape c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.975(An)108 211.2 S .475 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.975 F F4(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 211.2 S .474 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F4(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 G(he)-2.974 E F2 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 (.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F -.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .474(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 223.2 -Q 1.553(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of . If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F4(\\)4.053 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.123 -(quoted, the)108 235.2 R F4(\\)3.623 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 +(quoted, the)108 235.2 R F4(\\)3.622 E F0( is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.122(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F (ef)108 247.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 (Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 264 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E (gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .034 +G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 (Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 292.8 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -304.8 S .107(ception of).15 F F4($)2.607 E F0(,)A F4<92>2.607 E F0(,)A -F4(\\)2.607 E F0 2.607(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.607 F .107 +304.8 S .108(ception of).15 F F4($)2.608 E F0(,)A F4<92>2.608 E F0(,)A +F4(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 (xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F4(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 -(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F2 .108(posix mode)2.608 F F0 2.608(,t)C -(he)-2.608 E F4(!)2.608 E F0 .108(has no)2.608 F 1.398 +(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F2 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C +(he)-2.607 E F4(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F 1.397 (special meaning within double quotes, e)108 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.897(nw).15 G 1.397(hen history e)-3.897 F 1.397(xpansion is enabled.) --.15 F 1.397(The characters)6.397 F F4($)3.897 E F0(and)3.897 E F4<92> -3.897 E F0 .044(retain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 -328.8 R .045(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-) -5.045 F(lo)108 340.8 Q .602(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 +-.15 F 1.398(The characters)6.398 F F4($)3.898 E F0(and)3.898 E F4<92> +3.898 E F0 .045(retain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 +328.8 R .044(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-) +5.045 F(lo)108 340.8 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 (wing characters:)-.25 F F4($)3.102 E F0(,)A F4<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F4(") 3.935 E F0(,).833 E F4(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F4() -3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .601(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .13 +3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 (double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 352.8 R .131 -(If enabled, history e)5.131 F .131 -(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F4(!)2.631 E F0 +(If enabled, history e)5.131 F .13(xpansion will be performed unless an) +-.15 F F4(!)2.63 E F0 (appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 364.8 Q (The backslash preceding the)5 E F4(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) -.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 381.6 Q F4(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H (pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 398.4 S .212 -(rds of the form).8 F F4($)2.712 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 2.712<0861>C -.211(re treated specially)-2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F -.211(ord e)-.1 F .211(xpands to)-.15 F F2(string)2.711 E F0 2.711(,w)C -.211(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 -(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 410.4 R .605 +(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 398.4 S .211 +(rds of the form).8 F F4($)2.711 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 2.711<0861>C +.211(re treated specially)-2.711 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F +.211(ord e)-.1 F .212(xpands to)-.15 F F2(string)2.712 E F0 2.712(,w)C +.212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605 +(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 410.4 R .604 (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) 108 422.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4(\\a)144 434.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 434.4 Q F4(\\b)144 446.4 Q F0(backspace)180 446.4 Q F4(\\e)144 458.4 Q(\\E)144 @@ -1223,119 +1225,119 @@ Q F4(\\)144 590.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 (the eight-bit character whose v)180 602.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F4(\\u)144 614.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 626.4 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 638.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F4 -(\\U)144 650.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 626.4 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 638.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F4 +(\\U)144 650.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 662.4 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 674.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 674.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G (igits\))-2.5 E F4(\\c)144 686.4 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5(ac)180 686.4 S(ontrol-) -2.5 E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 703.2 Q(xpanded result is si\ ngle-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad) 108 720 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F4($)A F0(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 ("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(8)205.665 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(8)190.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .495 -(to the current locale.)108 84 R .495(If the current locale is)5.495 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .496 +(to the current locale.)108 84 R .495(If the current locale is)5.496 F /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(C)2.995 E F0(or)2.995 E F1(POSIX)2.995 E F0 2.995 -(,t)C .495(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .496 -(If the string is trans-)5.496 F +(,t)C .495(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .495 +(If the string is trans-)5.495 F (lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 96 Q/F2 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 112.8 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 124.8 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843 -(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F 3.343(alues. It)-.25 F .843 -(can be a)3.343 F F3(name)3.342 E F0 3.342(,an).18 G(umber)-3.342 E -3.342(,o)-.4 G 3.342(ro)-3.342 G .842(ne of the special characters) --3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 136.8 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .842 +(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F 3.342(alues. It)-.25 F .842 +(can be a)3.342 F F3(name)3.343 E F0 3.343(,an).18 G(umber)-3.343 E +3.343(,o)-.4 G 3.343(ro)-3.343 G .843(ne of the special characters) +-3.343 F .823(listed belo)108 136.8 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.823(.A)C F3(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 F F3(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A) .18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 F F3(value)108 148.8 Q F0 -.369(and zero or more)2.869 F F3(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C -(ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E -(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar) -2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 160.8 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9 +.368(and zero or more)2.868 F F3(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C +(ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.869 E +(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar) +2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 160.8 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.754(Ap)108 177.6 S .254 -(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 F 2.754(alue. 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If) --.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1(integer)2.698 E +-3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 264 Q 2.698(w\). If) +-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F3(value)2.988 E F0 .198 -(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198 -(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .901(if the $\(\(...\)\) e) -108 276 R .901(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901 -(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F F0(belo)3.401 E 3.402(w\). W)-.25 F .902 -(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 288 R 1.179 -(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.178(Special P) -3.678 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.178(.P)C 1.178(athname e)-6.328 F 1.178 -(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 300 R 1.148 -(statements may also appear as ar)3.648 F 1.149(guments to the)-.18 F F1 -(alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.649 -E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 312 S(adonly).18 E F0 -3.289(,a)C(nd)-3.289 E F1(local)3.289 E F0 -.2(bu)3.289 G .789 +(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .199(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e) +108 276 R .902(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901 +(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901 +(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 288 R 1.178 +(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179 +(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.179(Special P) +3.679 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.179(.P)C 1.179(athname e)-6.329 F 1.179 +(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.649(performed. Assignment)108 300 R 1.149 +(statements may also appear as ar)3.649 F 1.148(guments to the)-.18 F F1 +(alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.648 +E F0(,)A F1(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 312 S(adonly).18 E F0 +3.288(,a)C(nd)-3.288 E F1(local)3.288 E F0 -.2(bu)3.288 G .788 (iltin commands \().2 F F3(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 3.288 -(commands\). When)3.289 F(in)3.288 E F3 .788(posix mode)3.288 F F0 3.288 -(,t)C .788(hese b)-3.288 F .788(uiltins may)-.2 F 1.496 +(commands\). When)3.288 F(in)3.289 E F3 .789(posix mode)3.289 F F0 3.289 +(,t)C .789(hese b)-3.289 F .789(uiltins may)-.2 F 1.496 (appear in a command after one or more instances of the)108 324 R F1 -(command)3.996 E F0 -.2(bu)3.996 G 1.497 +(command)3.996 E F0 -.2(bu)3.996 G 1.496 (iltin and retain these assignment).2 F(statement properties.)108 336 Q -.377(In the conte)108 352.8 R .377 +.376(In the conte)108 352.8 R .376 (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 -(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376 -(x, the +=)-.15 F 1.63 +(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 +(x, the +=)-.15 F 1.631 (operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 364.8 R(ariable') --.25 E 4.131(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.131 E 1.631(vious v)-.25 F 4.131 -(alue. This)-.25 F 1.631(includes ar)4.131 F 1.631(guments to)-.18 F -.2 -(bu)108 376.8 S .164(iltin commands such as).2 F F1(declar)2.664 E(e) --.18 E F0 .164(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F3(declar)A -(ation)-.15 E F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .163(+= is)2.663 F .251 -(applied to a v)108 388.8 R .251(ariable for which the)-.25 F F3(inte) +-.25 E 4.13(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.13 E 1.63(vious v)-.25 F 4.13(alue. This) +-.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 376.8 S +.163(iltin commands such as).2 F F1(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F0 .164 +(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F3(declar)A(ation)-.15 E +F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F .252 +(applied to a v)108 388.8 R .252(ariable for which the)-.25 F F3(inte) 2.752 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.752 E .252(ute has been set,)-.2 -F F3(value)2.752 E F0 .252(is e)2.752 F -.25(va)-.25 G .252 +F F3(value)2.752 E F0 .251(is e)2.751 F -.25(va)-.25 G .251 (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .05 (sion and added to the v)108 400.8 R(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sc)-.55 G .05 (urrent v)-2.55 F .05(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.55 (luated. When).25 F .05(+= is applied to an array v)2.55 F(ari-)-.25 E -.458(able using compound assignment \(see)108 412.8 R F1(Arrays)2.959 E +.459(able using compound assignment \(see)108 412.8 R F1(Arrays)2.959 E F0(belo)2.959 E .459(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.959(sv)-.55 G .459(alue is not unset \(as it is when using)-3.209 F .265(=\), and ne) 108 424.8 R 2.765(wv)-.25 G .265(alues are appended to the array be) -3.015 F .265(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.765(sm) -.55 G .265(aximum inde)-2.765 F 2.765(x\()-.15 G(for)-2.765 E(inde)108 -436.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.401(da).15 G .901 -(rrays\) or added as additional k)-3.401 F -.15(ey)-.1 G.15 E .901 +436.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.402(da).15 G .902 +(rrays\) or added as additional k)-3.402 F -.15(ey)-.1 G.15 E .901 (alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F 1.201 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E -5.901(.W)-.65 G .902(hen applied to a string-)-5.901 F -.25(va)108 448.8 +5.901(.W)-.65 G .901(hen applied to a string-)-5.901 F -.25(va)108 448.8 S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F3(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E (xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G -(alue.)-2.75 E 3.383(Av)108 465.6 S .883(ariable can be assigned the) --3.633 F F3(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.382 E .882 +(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 465.6 S .882(ariable can be assigned the) +-3.632 F F3(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.382 E .882 (ute using the)-.2 F F13.382 E F0 .882(option to the)3.382 F F1 -(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.382 E F1(local)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 -G .882(iltin com-).2 F .315(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 477.6 R -F1(declar)2.815 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.815 E F1(local)2.815 E F0(belo)2.815 -E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F3(namer)2.816 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.816(,o)C -2.816(rar)-2.816 G .316(eference to another v)-2.816 F(ari-)-.25 E 4.04 +(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(local)3.383 E F0 -.2(bu)3.383 +G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 477.6 R +F1(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.816 E F1(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 +E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F3(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C +2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 4.04 (able. This)108 489.6 R(allo)4.04 E 1.54(ws v)-.25 F 1.54 (ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 6.54(.W)-.65 G(hene)-6.54 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.04(rt).15 G 1.54(he nameref v)-4.04 F 1.54 @@ -1345,50 +1347,50 @@ E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.04(rt).15 G 1.54(he nameref v)-4.04 F 1.54 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.04 E .54(ute itself\),)-.2 F .352 (the operation is actually performed on the v)108 513.6 R .352 (ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.852(sv) --.55 G 2.852(alue. A)-3.102 F .351(nameref is)2.851 F .971 -(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 525.6 R .972 -(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .972(gument to the)-.18 F +-.55 G 2.852(alue. A)-3.102 F .352(nameref is)2.852 F .972 +(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 525.6 R .971 +(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F 2.5(function. F)108 537.6 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E (gument, running)-.18 E/F6 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 555.6 Q -F0 .303(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 573.6 R(ariable)-.25 +F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 573.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) --.25 F .302(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E 3.592(ment. References)108 585.6 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F1 -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F0 3.592(,a)C 1.092(nd changes to its attrib) --3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .144 +-3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143 (ments, and attrib)108 597.6 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F .144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F1($1)2.644 E -F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .143 -(ariable in a)-.25 F F1 -.25(fo)108 609.6 S(r).25 E F0 .867 -(loop has the nameref attrib)3.367 F .867(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .868 -(ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .868 +F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 +(ariable in a)-.25 F F1 -.25(fo)108 609.6 S(r).25 E F0 .868 +(loop has the nameref attrib)3.368 F .868(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .867 +(ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .867 (ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509 (will be established for each w)108 621.6 R .509 (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 -633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.192(nt).15 G(he)-4.192 E F1(namer)4.192 E(ef) --.18 E F0(attrib)4.192 E 4.192(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.492 -.4(r, n).15 H 1.692(ameref v).4 F 1.693 -(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F 1.693(ariables and subscripted) --.25 F .102(array v)108 645.6 R 2.602(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .102 -(can be unset using the)2.602 F F12.602 E F0 .102(option to the) -2.602 F F1(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.601 G 2.601(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F -(if)2.601 E F1(unset)2.601 E F0 .101(is e)2.601 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -.442(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 657.6 R .442 -(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .443 +633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.193(nt).15 G(he)-4.193 E F1(namer)4.193 E(ef) +-.18 E F0(attrib)4.193 E 4.193(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.493 -.4(r, n).15 H 1.693(ameref v).4 F 1.692 +(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F 1.692(ariables and subscripted) +-.25 F .101(array v)108 645.6 R 2.601(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .101 +(can be unset using the)2.601 F F12.602 E F0 .102(option to the) +2.602 F F1(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.602 G 2.602(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F +(if)2.602 E F1(unset)2.602 E F0 .102(is e)2.602 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E +.443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 657.6 R .442 +(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E (will be unset.)108 669.6 Q F1 -.2(Po)87 686.4 S(sitional P).2 E -(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 698.4 Q F3 .706(positional par)4.456 F(ameter) +(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 698.4 Q F3 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) -.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ - the single digit 0.)3.936 F(Posi-)5.705 E .444 + the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 (tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 710.4 R 2.944(sa) -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .445(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 722.4 Q F1 -(set)3.334 E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional\ - parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.834 F -(The)5.833 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(9)205.665 E 0 -Cg EP +(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 722.4 Q F1 +(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ + parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F +(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(9)190.115 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1397,67 +1399,67 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(positional parame\ ters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is e)108 84 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positional parameter consisting o\ -f more than a single digit is e)108 100.8 R 1.404 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When a positional parameter consisting o\ +f more than a single digit is e)108 100.8 R 1.403 (xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 112.8 Q F1(EXP) 2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Special P)87 129.6 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 -141.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) --.65 G 1.674(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) +(Special P)87 129.6 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 +141.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) +-.65 G 1.675(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) -6.675 F(them is not allo)108 153.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F2(*)108 165.6 Q F0 -.223(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 165.6 -R .224(When the e)5.224 F .224(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .663 +.224(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 165.6 +R .223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 (quotes, each positional parameter e)144 177.6 R .662 (xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 -(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.081(those w)144 189.6 R 1.081 -(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.082(ord splitting and pathname e) --.1 F 3.582(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.082(the e)3.582 F(xpansion)-.15 E -.915(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 201.6 R .914 -(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .914(ord with the v)-.1 F .914 -(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .89 +(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 189.6 R 1.082 +(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e) +-.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E +.914(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 201.6 R .914 +(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .915(ord with the v)-.1 F .915 +(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .891 (rated by the \214rst character of the)144 213.6 R F1(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 -(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .891(is, ")3.391 F F2($*)A -F0 3.391("i)C 3.391(se)-3.391 G(qui)-3.391 E -.25(va)-.25 G .891 -(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2 -(...)A F0(",)A(where)144 225.6 Q F3(c)3.533 E F0 .832 -(is the \214rst character of the v)3.643 F .832(alue of the)-.25 F F1 +(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .89(is, ")3.39 F F2($*)A F0 +3.39("i)C 3.39(se)-3.39 G(qui)-3.39 E -.25(va)-.25 G .89(lent to ").25 F +F2($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0(",)A +(where)144 225.6 Q F3(c)3.532 E F0 .832 +(is the \214rst character of the v)3.642 F .832(alue of the)-.25 F F1 (IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If).25 F F1(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.832(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 237.6 +.833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 237.6 Q(If)5 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0 (is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E (ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 249.6 Q F0 .722 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 249.6 R -.722(In conte)5.722 F .722(xts where w)-.15 F .723(ord splitting is per) +.722(In conte)5.722 F .722(xts where w)-.15 F .722(ord splitting is per) -.1 F(-)-.2 E 1.165(formed, this e)144 261.6 R 1.165 (xpands each positional parameter to a separate w)-.15 F 1.165 -(ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .654(these w)144 273.6 R .654 +(ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .655(these w)144 273.6 R .655 (ords are subject to w)-.1 F .655(ord splitting.)-.1 F .655(In conte) -5.655 F .655(xts where w)-.15 F .655 +5.655 F .655(xts where w)-.15 F .654 (ord splitting is not performed, this)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 285.6 S .748 (pands to a single w).15 F .748 (ord with each positional parameter separated by a space.)-.1 F .748 -(When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.09 +(When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.091 (sion occurs within double quotes, each parameter e)144 297.6 R 1.091 -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.591(ord. That)-.1 F 1.091(is, ")3.591 F -F2($@)A F0 3.591("i)C(s)-3.591 E(equi)144 309.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .413 -(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A F0 2.913("")C F2($2)-2.913 E F0 2.913(".)C -2.913(.. If)-2.913 F .413(the double-quoted e)2.913 F .413 -(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .412(ord, the e)-.1 F .412 -(xpansion of)-.15 F .379(the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 -321.6 R .379(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .38(ord, and the e) --.1 F .38(xpansion of the)-.15 F 1.774 +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.59(ord. That)-.1 F 1.09(is, ")3.59 F F2 +($@)A F0 3.59("i)C(s)-3.59 E(equi)144 309.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .412 +(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A F0 2.912("")C F2($2)-2.912 E F0 2.912(".)C +2.912(.. If)-2.912 F .413(the double-quoted e)2.913 F .413 +(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .413(ord, the e)-.1 F .413 +(xpansion of)-.15 F .38(the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 +321.6 R .379(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .379(ord, and the e) +-.1 F .379(xpansion of the)-.15 F 1.774 (last parameter is joined with the last part of the original w)144 333.6 -R 4.274(ord. When)-.1 F 1.773(there are no positional)4.273 F +R 4.274(ord. When)-.1 F 1.774(there are no positional)4.274 F (parameters, ")144 345.6 Q F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2($@)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 357.6 Q F0 (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 357.6 Q F2(?)108 369.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 369.6 Q (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 -E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2108 381.6 Q F0 .881 +E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2108 381.6 Q F0 .882 (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 381.6 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G -.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G +.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) 144 393.6 Q F22.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 405.6 Q F0 .214 (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 405.6 R .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 @@ -1467,61 +1469,62 @@ to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, \ whether e)144 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E (as an asynchronous command or using the)144 441.6 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F1(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 453.6 Q F0 1.692 -(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 453.6 R 1.691 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F2(bash)4.191 E -F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 465.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F2($0)3.077 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F2(bash)3.078 E -F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F23.078 E F0 .369 +(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 453.6 Q F0 1.691 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 453.6 R 1.692 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E +F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 465.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E +F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F23.077 E F0 .368 (option, then)144 477.6 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 (is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E (-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 489.6 Q -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 (iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E -F2(_)108 501.6 Q F0 .054 +F2(_)108 501.6 Q F0 .055 (At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 501.6 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 513.6 R .692 +-.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054(he shell or shell script being e).1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691(as passed in the en)144 513.6 R .691 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E -3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) --.18 F(pre)144 525.6 Q .751(vious simple command e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.751(cuted in the fore).15 F .751(ground, after e)-.15 F 3.252 -(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .752(set to the full path-)3.252 F .157 -(name used to in)144 537.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .357 -.1(ke e).2 H .157 +3.191(,e)-.65 G .692(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the) +-.18 F(pre)144 525.6 Q .752(vious simple command e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.752(cuted in the fore).15 F .751(ground, after e)-.15 F 3.251 +(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .751(set to the full path-)3.251 F .156 +(name used to in)144 537.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .356 -.1(ke e).2 H .156 (ach command e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .157(cuted and placed in the en).15 F -.156(vironment e)-.4 F .156(xported to that com-)-.15 F 4.936 +.157(vironment e)-.4 F .157(xported to that com-)-.15 F 4.937 (mand. When)144 549.6 R 2.436(checking mail, this parameter holds the n\ -ame of the mail \214le currently being)4.936 F(check)144 561.6 Q(ed.)-.1 +ame of the mail \214le currently being)4.937 F(check)144 561.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 578.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 590.4 Q(wing v) -.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 607.2 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 607.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 -619.2 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 631.2 S .049 -(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) +619.2 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 631.2 S .049 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F22.548 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 643.2 +(gument for the)-.18 F F22.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 643.2 R F2(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .477(appearing in)144 -655.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.977 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .477(are those reported as) -2.727 F F3(on)3.207 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976 -(ft)-5.476 G .476(his v)-2.976 F .476(ariable is in the en)-.25 F -(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 667.2 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ -ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F -3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 679.2 Q +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 +655.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) +2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 +(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 667.2 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F +3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 679.2 Q (ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 691.2 S(SHPID).3 E -F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 703.2 R F2(bash) -2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F -F2($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F .548 +F0 .187(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 703.2 R F2(bash) +2.687 E F0 2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188(fers from)-.25 F +F2($$)2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F .548 (stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 715.2 R F2(bash) -3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 -F F1 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 727.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .548(Assignments to)5.548 +F F1 -.27(BA)3.048 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 727.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(10)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(10)185.115 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1536,87 +1539,88 @@ ond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16(tained by the) (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 (array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.502 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +9.503 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 156 R -.934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 156 R +.935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 168 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 +F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 168 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 (The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ - script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 180 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa)-2.641 G -2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 -(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.631(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 + script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 180 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G +2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 +(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 192 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.63(only when in)4.88 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .283 -(tended deb).15 F .283(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 -(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .284(option to the)2.784 F F1(shopt)2.784 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.784 G .284(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 216 Q F1 -(extdeb)3.363 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .284 +(tended deb).15 F .284(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 +(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .283(option to the)2.783 F F1(shopt)2.783 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.783 G .283(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 216 Q F1 +(extdeb)3.362 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .862(after the shell has started to e)3.362 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .863(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .863 (ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)144 228 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (is not set, may result in inconsistent v)2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 252 R .979 +108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144 252 R .979 (ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) -3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.98 E .275(\ -\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stac\ -k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 +3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.979 E +.275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the\ + stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 (call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) 6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F -2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .965 -(description of the)144 300 R F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 -(option to the)3.465 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 -(iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.966(after the shell)3.466 F .32(has started to e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .32(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .319(ariable when)-.25 -F F1(extdeb)2.819 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .319(is not set, may result in)2.819 F -(inconsistent v)144 324 Q(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_ARGV0).3 -E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 348 R .25(ariable e)-.25 F .251 +2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .966 +(description of the)144 300 R F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 +(option to the)3.466 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 +(iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.965(after the shell)3.465 F .319(has started to e)144 312 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .319(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .319 +(ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.82 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .32 +(is not set, may result in)2.82 F(inconsistent v)144 324 Q(alues.)-.25 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 +348 R .251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 (xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F -F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E 1.224 +F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E 1.224 (the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.724(\). Assignment).15 F(to)3.724 E F1 -.3(BA)3.724 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 -1.224(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 +1.225(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 (assigned to also be assigned to)144 372 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C (f)-5.247 E F1 -.3(BA)2.747 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .247 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.747 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) .15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 384 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 396 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 408 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668 +(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 408 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667 (rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ -h table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the)144 420 R F1(hash) -2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F .196 +h table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 420 R F1(hash) +2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ t cause command names to be remo)144 432 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G -.852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 444 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G +.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 444 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 456 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 456 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 (The command currently being e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F -.263(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e) -144 480 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .262(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If) +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F +.262(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e) +144 480 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .263(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If) 144 492 Q F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 504 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar) 144 516 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 528 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 528 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 (An array v)144 540 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 552 R -F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) --3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 564 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 552 +R F2(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 +(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 564 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 576 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 576 Q(ASH_LINENO[) -.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 @@ -1624,23 +1628,23 @@ E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 612 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F (uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 624 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 636 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 -648 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 -E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 -(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 660 R .007 -(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 672 R(x)-.15 E -F4(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F -F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 636 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 +648 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 +E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 +(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 660 R .007 +(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 672 R(x)-.15 E +F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F +F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 (sion. This)144 684 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 708 R .125(ar\ +F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 708 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 720 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 720 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.28 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(11)200.665 E 0 -Cg EP +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.281 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(11) +185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1652,16 +1656,16 @@ BP (and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 (Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 108 R .296 -(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting).15 E 1.277(in that en)144 120 R 3.777(vironment. The)-.4 F -1.277(initial v)3.777 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F1 -.3(BA) -3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 1.276(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F +(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E 1.276(in that en)144 120 R 3.776(vironment. The)-.4 F +1.276(initial v)3.776 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F1 -.3(BA) +3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 1.277(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F (properties, e)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5 (ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S -(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644(Ar)144 156 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F +(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645(Ar)144 156 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 -(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 168 S +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 168 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 (BA)144 186 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 186 Q (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 @@ -1676,73 +1680,73 @@ F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 246 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 (CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 258 S (SH_VERSION).3 E F0(Expands to a string describing the v)144 270 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -282 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 294 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E +282 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 294 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 306 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 306 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 318 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 318 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 330 Q F0(The k)144 342 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 354 Q F0 1.208 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 354 Q F0 1.207 (The current command line.)144 366 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.848(mands in)144 378 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.849(mands in)144 378 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 390 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 402 Q F0 .667(The inde) -144 414 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 390 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 402 Q F0 .666(The inde) +144 414 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 +F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -426 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 438 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 +426 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 438 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 F(in)144 450 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -462 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 474 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +462 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 474 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 486 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 +-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 486 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) -C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t) --.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 498 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 -(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) +C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 498 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592 +(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) -4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 -F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 510 R F2(%)4.053 E +F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 510 R F2(%)4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 522 S 2.928 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 522 S 2.929 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 534 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 546 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.336(The set of characters that the)144 558 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) -144 570 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 582 Q F1(COMP_W)108 594 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .654(An array v)144 606 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E -F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) --.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 618 R +1.335(The set of characters that the)144 558 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) +144 570 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G +(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 582 Q F1(COMP_W)108 594 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .653(An array v)144 606 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E +F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) +-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 618 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 -630 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 -(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 +630 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 +(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) 144 642 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 654 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -144 666 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 654 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) +144 666 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) -.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 678 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) @@ -1750,13 +1754,13 @@ F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 654 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 702 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 714 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 +1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 714 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 (members of this array v)144 726 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(12) -200.665 E 0 Cg EP +F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E +(12)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1765,119 +1769,120 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)144 84 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246 (iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746 -(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 F(ariable)-.25 E .351 +(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 F(ariable)-.25 E .35 (will not change the current directory)144 96 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 108 Q F1(EPOCHREAL)108 -120 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) -144 132 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 -F(\(see)144 144 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.917 E F0 .417 -(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 -(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 -(ssignments to)-5.416 F F2(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 156 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 -1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F2(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E F0 -1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s)-3.591 E -(subsequently reset.)144 168 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 180 Q F0 .338 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 192 R .337 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 108 Q F1(EPOCHREAL) +108 120 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 132 R .337 +(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 +144 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.916 E F0 .416 +(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 +(ssignments to)-5.417 F F2(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 156 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F2(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E +F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E +(subsequently reset.)144 168 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 180 Q F0 .337 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 192 R .338 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -204 Q F3(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F2 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F2 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F +204 Q F3(time)4.042 E F0 4.042(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E F2 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F2 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F (loses its special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(EUID)108 228 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 228 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 +(EUID)108 228 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 228 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G -1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 (ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 240 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 252 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 264 R .479 +-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 264 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 -(The element with inde)144 276 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 +(The element with inde)144 276 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 (element \(the one with the highest inde)144 288 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 -(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 -(tion is e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.576 E F2(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F2(FUNCN)2.575 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 +(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 +(tion is e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.575 E F2(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F2(FUNCN)2.576 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F (special properties, e)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 330 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 342 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 342 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 (to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 354 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 -(at line number)144 366 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F3($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 378 Q F1(GR)108 390 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 +(at line number)144 366 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F3($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 378 Q F1(GR)108 390 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 (An array v)144 402 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E -.572(ments to)144 414 R F2(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E +.571(ments to)144 414 R F2(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F2 (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s)-3.071 E -(subsequently reset.)144 426 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 438 Q F0 .355 -(The history number)144 450 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) --2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E +(subsequently reset.)144 426 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 438 Q F0 .356 +(The history number)144 450 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) +-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F2 -(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F +(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F (loses its special properties, e)144 462 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 (HOSTN)108 474 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 (Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 486 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 498 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 510 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 -.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 522 R(def) +(HOSTTYPE)108 498 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 510 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 522 R(def) 2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 534 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ ber representing the)144 546 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 558 R .078 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 570 R .306 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E -F2(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 558 R .079 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 570 R .307 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E +F2(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F (special properties, e)144 582 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 594 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 606 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 618 Q F3 +es the system type on which)144 606 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 618 Q F3 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 630 Q F0 .293 -(An array v)144 642 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 -(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 630 Q F0 .294 +(An array v)144 642 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 +(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 (iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 654 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 (OLDPWD)108 666 Q F0(The pre)144 678 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 690 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 702 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 690 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 702 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 -(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 714 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(13) -200.665 E 0 Cg EP +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 714 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(13) +185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(OPTIND)108 84 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 96 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft) --4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652 -(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 -G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.152 E -.09 +SF(OPTIND)108 84 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 96 R 4.152(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft) +-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652 +(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu)4.151 +G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.151 E -.09 (BU)144 108 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 120 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describe\ -s the operating system on which)144 132 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) -2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 144 Q +s the operating system on which)144 132 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e) +2.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 144 Q (ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 156 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) .95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 168 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) 3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 @@ -1888,181 +1893,180 @@ s the operating system on which)144 132 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E F1(PWD)108 204 Q F0(The current w)144 204 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 216 Q F0 1.741(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) -144 228 R 1.741(xpands to a random inte)-.15 F 1.74 -(ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F .424(Assigning a v)144 240 R .424 -(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.924 E F0 .425 -(initializes \(seeds\) the sequence of random numbers.)2.674 F(If)5.425 -E F2(RANDOM)2.925 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 +(RANDOM)108 216 Q F0 1.74(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) +144 228 R 1.741(xpands to a random inte)-.15 F 1.741 +(ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F .425(Assigning a v)144 240 R .425 +(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.925 E F0 .425 +(initializes \(seeds\) the sequence of random numbers.)2.675 F(If)5.424 +E F2(RANDOM)2.924 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) --2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 264 Q F0 1.547 +-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 264 Q F0 1.546 (The contents of the)144 276 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547 (line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with) -4.047 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 -1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 288 Q -F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_POINT)108 300 Q F0 .313 +1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 288 Q +F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_POINT)108 300 Q F0 .314 (The position of the insertion point in the)144 312 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F3 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 -(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 324 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F3 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 +(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 324 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) 2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 336 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 (Set to the line of input read by the)144 348 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) -.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 360 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 384 R .712 +(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 384 R .712 (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 -(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .408 +(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .407 (of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 396 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 (is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 408 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 420 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 432 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 420 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 432 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 444 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F -F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 -(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E -3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 456 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 444 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F +F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 +(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E +3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 456 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 (ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 468 Q F1(bash) -3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 480 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 492 Q (VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 504 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(SRANDOM)108 516 Q F0 .76(This v)144 -528 R .76(ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number\ - each time it is referenced. The random)-.15 F .565 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(SRANDOM)108 516 Q F0 .761(This v)144 +528 R .761(ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random numbe\ +r each time it is referenced. The random)-.15 F .564 (number generator is not linear on systems that support)144 540 R F3 -(/dev/urandom)3.064 E F0(or)3.064 E F5(ar)3.064 E(c4r)-.37 E(andom)-.15 -E F0 3.064(,s)C 3.064(oe)-3.064 G(ach)-3.064 E .788 +(/dev/urandom)3.065 E F0(or)3.065 E F5(ar)3.065 E(c4r)-.37 E(andom)-.15 +E F0 3.065(,s)C 3.065(oe)-3.065 G(ach)-3.065 E .788 (returned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.)144 -552 R .788(The random number generator)5.788 F .088 +552 R .787(The random number generator)5.787 F .087 (cannot be seeded, so assignments to this v)144 564 R .087(ariable ha) --.25 F .387 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.587(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.587 G 2.587 -(ect. If).25 F F2(SRANDOM)2.587 E F0 .087(is unset, it loses its)2.337 F +-.25 F .387 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.587(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.587 G 2.588 +(ect. If).25 F F2(SRANDOM)2.588 E F0 .088(is unset, it loses its)2.338 F (special properties, e)144 576 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(UID)108 588 Q F0(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 588 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 604.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 604.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 616.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 633.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.193(The v)144 645.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F -3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 -(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 --.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 657.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E -F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 669.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F --.25(va)2.861 G .361 -(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 -(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +1.192(The v)144 645.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 +(l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 657.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E +F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 669.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 +(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 +F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 (sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 681.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) 144 693.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 705.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 -(sets the compatibility le)144 717.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G -3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 -F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E 2.901 +4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 705.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 +(sets the compatibility le)144 717.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E 2.902 (correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 729.6 R F1 -(shopt)5.402 E F0 -.2(bu)5.402 G 2.902(iltin described belo).2 F 5.402 -(w\()-.25 G(for)-5.402 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(14) -200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(shopt)5.402 E F0 -.2(bu)5.401 G 2.901(iltin described belo).2 F 5.401 +(w\()-.25 G(for)-5.401 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 +E(14)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)3.432 E F0 .931 -(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)3.432 F .931(alid v)-.25 F 3.431 -(alues\). The)-.25 F .931(current v)3.431 F .931(ersion is also a v)-.15 +(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)3.431 E F0 .931 +(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)3.431 F .931(alid v)-.25 F 3.431 +(alues\). The)-.25 F .931(current v)3.431 F .932(ersion is also a v)-.15 F(alid)-.25 E -.25(va)144 96 S(lue.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 108 S(SH_ENV).3 -E F0 .505(If this parameter is set when)144 120 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 -.505(is e)3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F -.506(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 +E F0 .506(If this parameter is set when)144 120 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 +.506(is e)3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F +.505(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 (containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 132 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354 -(he v)-5.354 F .354(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.854 G -(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected)2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 144 R +/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355 +(he v)-5.355 F .355(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.855 G +(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected)2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 144 R .525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 (xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 156 Q F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 168 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 180 R -.481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 192 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x)5.614 -F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G -3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 204 S -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F -2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G +108 168 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 180 R +.48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 +F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 192 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) +5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) +-.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 +204 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 +F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -216 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA)144 228 -S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le de\ -scriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F +216 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 228 S +(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le des\ +criptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F (standard error being closed.)144 240 Q F1(CDP)108 252 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G -(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 264 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 -3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 +(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 264 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 +3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 276 R F1 -(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 +(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 (alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 288 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 300 Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 312 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 F .997 (alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 -(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.498 E -.25(va)144 324 -S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 -(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.077 +(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.497 E -.25(va)144 324 +S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 +(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.078 (alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 336 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E -F1(COLUMNS)108 348 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 360 R F1(select)3.328 E F0 -.829(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ -ection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 372 R 2.007(set if the) -4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 384 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 396 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847(An array v) +F1(COLUMNS)108 348 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 360 R F1(select)3.329 E F0 +.828(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ +ection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 372 R 2.006(set if the) +4.506 F F1(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 384 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 396 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848(An array v) 144 408 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F (in)144 420 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F1 (Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 (w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -432 Q F1(EMA)108 444 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 456 Q F1(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 -(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.536 E -F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F +432 Q F1(EMA)108 444 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 456 Q F1(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 +(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.535 E +F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F (shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 468 Q(uf)-.2 E (fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 480 Q F0(Similar to) 144 480 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -(n)-2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(EXECIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 2.717 -(Ac)144 504 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F +(n)-2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(EXECIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 2.716 +(Ac)144 504 S .216(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.716 F F1 -.1(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717 -(\)d)C .216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 -(ignored by command search using)144 516 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E -F0 5.116(.F)C .117 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 +(\)d)C .217(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .117 +(ignored by command search using)144 516 R F1 -.74(PA)2.617 G(TH)-.21 E +F0 5.117(.F)C .116 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.117 F 1.432 (are not considered e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 540 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) +(xe)-.15 G 1.433(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 540 S(TH)-.21 E F0 +2.909(lookup. This)2.909 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) -.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)2.908 E F0(,)A F1(test)2.908 E F0 -2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F -(pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 +2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.908(commands. Full)2.908 F +(pathnames)2.908 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 552 R F1(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 (ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 564 R 1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 @@ -2071,24 +2075,24 @@ F0 5.116(.F)C .117 (honors the setting of the)144 576 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) 2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 588 Q F0(The def)144 600 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 612 Q F0 -2.599(Ac)144 624 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E +2.598(Ac)144 624 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 -(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 636 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 -(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 +(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 636 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 +(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 (xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 648 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F4(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 -660 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 672 R .231 +660 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v)144 672 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. Function).15 F(in)2.731 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E (cations that e)144 684 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)108 696 Q F0 2.923(Ac)144 708 S .423(olon-separated list of\ +(GLOBIGNORE)108 696 Q F0 2.924(Ac)144 708 S .423(olon-separated list of\ patterns de\214ning the set of \214le names to be ignored by pathname \ -e)-2.923 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.948(sion. If)144 720 R 2.948<618c>2.948 G .448 -(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.948 F .447 +e)-2.924 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.947(sion. If)144 720 R 2.947<618c>2.947 G .447 +(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.947 F .448 (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(15)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(15)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2097,97 +2101,97 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)144 84 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)108 96 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 108 S .153 -(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)108 96 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.654(Ac)144 108 S .153 +(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 -G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) -5.153 F .491(of v)144 120 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 -(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F3(space)2.991 E F0 .49 -(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 -G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 132 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 -(alue of)-3.307 F F4(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.926 -(Av)144 144 S .426(alue of)-3.176 F F4(ignor)2.936 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.426(is shorthand for)3.206 F F4(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.926 E F4(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.501 G -.425(lue of).25 F F4(er)3.115 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.195 E .698 +G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .153(If the list) +5.153 F .49(of v)144 120 R .49(alues includes)-.25 F/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.99 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49 +(ines which be)-2.99 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F3(space)2.991 E F0 .491 +(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.991(di).15 G 2.991(nt) +-2.991 G .491(he his-)-2.991 F .558(tory list.)144 132 R 3.058(Av)5.558 +G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F4(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 +(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.925 +(Av)144 144 S .425(alue of)-3.175 F F4(ignor)2.935 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.426(is shorthand for)3.205 F F4(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.926 E F4(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .426 +(lue of).25 F F4(er)3.116 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.196 E .699 (all pre)144 156 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. 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If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.244 +(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.244(alues and)-.25 F 1.021(numeric v)144 312 R 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) --.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTSIZE)144 324 Q F0(after reading an) +-.25 F 1.022(alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTSIZE)144 324 Q F0(after reading an) 2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F3(HISTIGNORE)108 336 Q F0 -2.657(Ac)144 348 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G -2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 360 R .708 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 -(\(no implicit `)144 372 R F3(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 -(ppended\). 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-1.936(This v)144 336 R 1.936 +1.935(This v)144 336 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 348 Q +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 348 Q (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 360 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(This v)144 372 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) @@ -2268,23 +2272,23 @@ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 408 Q F0(This v) 144 420 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E (gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 432 Q F0 -.054(Used by the)144 432 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 -(Automatically set if the)144 444 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 +.055(Used by the)144 432 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 444 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 (hell upon receipt of a).15 F F2(SIGWINCH)144 456 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 468 Q F0 1.201 (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 468 -R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.202 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 +R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 (informs the user of the arri)144 480 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 492 Q F0 .099 -(Speci\214es ho)144 504 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 492 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 504 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 516 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +mpt.)144 516 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F (or set to a v)144 528 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 540 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 552 S .49 @@ -2302,27 +2306,27 @@ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 540 Q (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 612 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 624 Q F0 .389 -(If set to the v)144 636 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 --.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 648 R(UIL) --.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR) -5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 660 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 672 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 -(The search path for commands.)144 672 R .588 +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 624 Q F0 .39 +(If set to the v)144 636 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 648 R +(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in) +2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 660 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 672 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)144 672 R .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 684 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 684 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 696 S -.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 708 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 708 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) -.1 F(administrator who installs)144 720 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C -(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(17)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(17)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2330,17 +2334,17 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF (/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 84 Q -F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIXL)108 96 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472 -(If this v)144 108 R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471 +F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIXL)108 96 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471 +(If this v)144 108 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471 (vironment when)-.4 F F2(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters) -2.971 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471 -(before reading)2.971 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 120 R F2 +2.971 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472 +(before reading)2.972 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 120 R F2 (\255\255posix)2.511 E F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011 (cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 (If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 132 Q F2(bash) -4.498 E F0(enables)4.498 E F3 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C +4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F3 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C 4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F1 1.997 -(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.997(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) .15 E(When the shell enters)144 144 Q F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C 2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E (as not already set.)-.1 E F2(PR)108 156 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 @@ -2358,41 +2362,41 @@ E F0(and)3.423 E F2(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -.15 F F4(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 240 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PS1)108 252 Q F0 .065(The v)144 252 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PS1)108 252 Q F0 .064(The v)144 252 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F4(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 264 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F2(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(PS2)108 276 Q F0 .117(The v)144 276 R .117 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 288 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F2(PS3)108 300 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 300 R 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(PS2)108 276 Q F0 .118(The v)144 276 R .118 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) +5.117 E(def)144 288 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F2(PS3)108 300 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 300 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F2(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F4 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(PS4)108 324 Q F0 .1 -(The v)144 324 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F2(bash)144 336 Q F0 .335 -(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F4 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(PS4)108 324 Q F0 +.101(The v)144 324 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F2(bash)144 336 Q F0 .334 +(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 -(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)2.584 F +(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F (cated multiple times, as necessary)144 348 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E (The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2 -(SHELL)108 360 Q F0 .542(This v)144 372 R .542(ariable e)-.25 F .542 -(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .543 -(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F2(bash)3.043 E F0 +(SHELL)108 360 Q F0 .543(This v)144 372 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543 +(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542 +(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F2(bash)3.042 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 384 Q 2.5(sl) --.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F2(TIMEFORMA)108 396 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v) +-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F2(TIMEFORMA)108 396 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v) 144 408 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 420 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F2(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F2(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 420 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F2(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F2(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 (an escape sequence that is e)144 432 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 444 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F2(%%)144 462 Q F0 2.5 (Al)194 462 S(iteral)-2.5 E F2(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(%[)144 474 Q F3(p)A F2 @@ -2403,20 +2407,20 @@ F2(%[)144 498 Q F3(p)A F2(][l]S)A F0 Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 510 Q .87 (The optional)144 526.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 538.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 550.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 562.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 579.6 R F2(l)3.168 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 538.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 550.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 562.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 579.6 R F2(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 591.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 -(If this v)144 608.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr) +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 591.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 608.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr) 144 620.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 @@ -2425,191 +2429,191 @@ E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr) 644.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 656.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F4(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 668.4 Q F2(select)2.811 E F0 .311 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F4(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F -.885(ing from a terminal.)144 680.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 668.4 Q F2(select)2.81 E F0 .31 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F4(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F +.886(ing from a terminal.)144 680.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 692.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F2 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 704.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(18) -200.665 E 0 Cg EP +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 +E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(TMPDIR)108 84 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 96 R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(uses its v)2.89 F .39(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F -F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F -(shell')144 108 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 120 Q(esume) --.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 132 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031 -(wt)-.25 G .531(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 -F .53(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 144 -R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidat\ -es for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 156 S .367(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -168 R(The)6.125 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 180 Q 1.133 +SF(TMPDIR)108 84 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 96 R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(uses its v)2.891 F .391(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F +F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell') +144 108 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 120 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 +.53(This v)144 132 R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 144 R +.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 156 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +168 R(The)6.125 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 +(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 180 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 -(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 192 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F2(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 +F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 204 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 216 Q F1(%?)3.333 E F0 -.833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) +-5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 216 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 +.834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) 3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an) -3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834 -(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 +3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833 +(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 228 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.815 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 252 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 264 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(histchars)108 252 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 264 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) -4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 276 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F2 1.215 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G -1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 276 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G +1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) 144 288 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 (second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 300 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 -(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 300 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G +.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 (ing one string for another in the command.)144 312 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 -(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 324 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 336 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 348 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 -(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +char)144 324 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 336 R 1.294 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 348 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 360 Q F1(Arrays)87 376.8 Q(Bash) -108 388.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 +108 388.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 400.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.328(an array)108 412.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 -(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 424.8 R +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.329(an array)108 412.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 424.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 436.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 453.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F2(name)4.963 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 465.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A -F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F2(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 -E -.15(ex)108 477.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 -E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.98 -(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 453.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 465.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A +F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F2(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 +E -.15(ex)108 477.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E +4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.979 +(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E (w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 489.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2 (subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 506.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 523.2 Q .941 +G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 523.2 Q .94 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) --.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 535.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E +(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 535.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 552 R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F2(value)108 564 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F2 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F2(value)108 564 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F2 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 (When assigning to inde)108 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 -(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 588 R -3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 600 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 616.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 633.6 R F1(declar) -2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 588 R 3.91 +(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) +-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) +-3.911 F(Inde)108 600 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E +(When assigning to an associati)108 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 633.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 645.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 657.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) +4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 657.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E (of)108 669.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q -3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 +3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.576 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 710.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 722.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E -(19)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 722.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(19)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B .521(xpands to a single w) --.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B .52(xpands to a single w)-.15 +F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 -(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 +1.375(of the)108 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(special v)3.625 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027 (there are no array members, ${)108 108 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 120 R .759(ord, the e) +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759(within a w)108 120 R .759(ord, the e) -.1 F .759(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 -F .759(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e) +F .759(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e) 108 132 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last p\ -art of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous) -3.015 F .227(to the e)108 144 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters) +art of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous) +3.016 F .228(to the e)108 144 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters) -.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F3(@)2.728 E F0 -(\(see)2.728 E F3 .228(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 +(\(see)2.728 E F3 .228(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 (]})A -.15(ex)108 156 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F3(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F3(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 -F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 -168 R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E +F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 +168 R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 -(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 180 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 +(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 180 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (indices count back from the end of the array)108 192 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 @@ -2620,89 +2624,89 @@ E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 237.6 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 254.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F3(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F3 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 266.4 S .749 +.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 254.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F3(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F3 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 266.4 S .75 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 278.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 295.2 Q F3(unset) -2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F3(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 307.2 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474 -(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) --3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 307.2 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475 +(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) +-3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 -(described abo)108 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F3(unset)5.614 E F1 -(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 331.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614 +(described abo)108 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F3(unset)5.615 E F1 +(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 331.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F3(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 (or)2.5 E F3(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .847(When using a v)108 348 R .848 +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 348 R .848 (ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F3(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C -(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 360 R .345(ord e)-.1 F .345 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F3(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C +(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 360 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344 (xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345 -(he ar)-2.845 F .344(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.844 E(name e)108 372 Q +(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 372 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 388.8 Q F3(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(local)3.573 E F0 -3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F3 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G +(The)108 388.8 Q F3(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(local)3.574 E F0 +3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F3 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F33.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 -(rray and a)-3.574 F F33.574 E F0 .339 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 +(rray and a)-3.573 F F33.573 E F0 .338 (option to specify an associati)108 400.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F32.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F3 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 +5.338 E F3 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 (accepts a)108 412.8 R F32.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F3(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F3(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +-5.441 E F3(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F3(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 424.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 441.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 453.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 465.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 -(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 465.6 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) +2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) 2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369 (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 477.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .419(The order of e)108 494.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 -(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 506.4 S -.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +E .418(The order of e)108 494.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 +(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 506.4 S +.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion.)108 518.4 Q .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 535.2 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 547.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 564 R .003 +-.15 E .003(After these e)108 564 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 576 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +-.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 +(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 576 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 592.8 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191 +E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 592.8 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F --.15(ex)108 604.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 -F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 616.8 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F3($@)A F0 3.745 -("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F3(${)A F1(name)A F3([@]})A F0 1.245 -(", and, in most cases,)B F3($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F3(${)3.744 E F1 -(name)A F3([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F +-.15(ex)108 604.8 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 +F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 616.8 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F3($@)A F0 3.744 +("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F3(${)A F1(name)A F3([@]})A F0 1.245 +(", and, in most cases,)B F3($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F3(${)3.745 E F1 +(name)A F3([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F2 -.666(PA)108 628.8 S(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87 645.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 657.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 @@ -2711,72 +2715,72 @@ Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 681.6 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 681.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 693.6 R .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 705.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(20)200.665 E 0 -Cg EP +ch resulting string, e)108 705.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(20)185.115 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .719(Brace e)108 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .718(Brace e)108 84 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e) 5.719 F .719(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)108 96 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF({)A F0(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C -(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As)108 112.8 S .742(equence e) --3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E +(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)108 112.8 S .743(equence e) +-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A -F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F2(y)3.243 E F0 -.743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and) -108 124.8 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532 +F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)3.242 E F0 +.742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and) +108 124.8 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532 (ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532 (hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -136.8 R F2(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) --2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078 -(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 148.8 R .015(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or) -2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 +136.8 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 +(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 148.8 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) +2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 160.8 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F (xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 172.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) .15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 -(that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F2(y)3.483 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 +(that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) -.25 E(between each term.)108 196.8 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 -213.6 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 225.6 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 237.6 Q +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 +213.6 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 +(are preserv)108 225.6 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 237.6 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 254.4 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 254.4 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 (unchanged. A)108 278.4 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 290.4 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 +(sion. T)108 290.4 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F (xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 302.4 Q (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ @@ -2787,168 +2791,168 @@ Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 360 Q(cho)144 372 Q -.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 388.8 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 400.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 412.8 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 400.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 412.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 424.8 Q F0 .515 -(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 424.8 Q F0 .514 +(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) +3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 (If strict compatibility with)108 436.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 448.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 465.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 477.6 R 1.087(ord be) --.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +87 465.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 477.6 R 1.086(ord be) +-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ ed a)108 489.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ \214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 501.6 R -.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 513.6 Q -.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 513.6 Q +.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 525.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 525.6 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 537.6 Q .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 537.6 Q .093 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 554.4 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 566.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 566.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)4.141 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)4.142 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -590.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 602.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G -.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 +590.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 602.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G +.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) 108 614.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 648 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 648 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.467(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E +.468(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 672 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G (H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 (,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E -.024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 688.8 R .024(xpansion on w)-.15 F -.023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F .023 -(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 700.8 Q .769 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 -.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +.023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 688.8 R .023(xpansion on w)-.15 F +.024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F .024 +(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 700.8 Q .77 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 +.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F -.15(ex)108 712.8 S(cept for the).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F2 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(21) -200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 +E(21)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 96 R F1($)A -F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 108 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 120 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 +SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 96 R F1($)A +F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 108 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 +(tect the v)108 120 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 132 -Q 1.189 -(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -148.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -160.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 172.8 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.204(The v)144 201.6 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F -F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 +Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) +108 148.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 160.8 R 2.15 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 172.8 S +(pansion.).15 E(${)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 201.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 213.6 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 (be interpreted as part of its name.)144 225.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) 5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 237.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 254.4 R F2(par)2.846 E +(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 254.4 R F2(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G -(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 266.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906 -(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 +2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G +(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 266.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907 +(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 (uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 (xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F2(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 -(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F2(par)2.907 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 278.4 Q -F0 2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079(xpanded and that v)-.15 F -.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .078 -(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 290.4 Q F2(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 -(his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 -(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 302.4 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 -F 2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 -(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F2(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 278.4 Q +F0 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 290.4 Q F2(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 +(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 302.4 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 +F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 (name of the parameter referenced by)108 314.4 R F2(par)4.01 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 326.4 R .387 +(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 326.4 R .387 (xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -.387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 338.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) -2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 355.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor) 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 367.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +F(and arithmetic e)108 367.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089 (When not performing substring e)108 384 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 -(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 396 Q(Omittin\ -g the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E -(${)108 412.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) -A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 424.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 -E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F -.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 436.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 +(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 396 Q(Omitting\ + the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${) +108 412.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 +.723(Use Default V)144 424.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2 +(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 436.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 448.8 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 460.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2 -(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F -2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 -(is assigned to)5.274 F F2(par)144 472.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 -G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 460.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 472.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 +G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 484.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E (${)108 496.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .535(Display Err)144 508.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 520.8 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 520.8 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F (interacti)144 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 544.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 @@ -2961,35 +2965,35 @@ F1 .535(Display Err)144 508.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) 144 604.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 -(character speci\214ed by)144 616.8 R F2(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 -(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 +(character speci\214ed by)144 616.8 R F2(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F1(*) -3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 628.8 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F1(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 628.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 -(substring of the v)144 640.8 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F -F2(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) --.15 F .846(end of the v)144 652.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 +(substring of the v)144 640.8 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F +F2(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) +-.15 F .847(end of the v)144 652.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 (and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 664.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 688.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 664.8 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 688.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 700.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.046(end of the v)144 700.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 712.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 724.8 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 -F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(22)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(of)144 712.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 724.8 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 +F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(22)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2998,78 +3002,78 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 84 Q -.2(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(pansion.).15 E(If)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.959 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E F1(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459 -(he result is)-2.959 F F2(length)2.959 E F0 .459 -(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)2.958 E -(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve) --.25 G F2(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 120 R .6(en relati)-.1 +(ex)2.5 G(pansion.).15 E(If)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.958 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 E F1(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458 +(he result is)-2.958 F F2(length)2.959 E F0 .459 +(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)2.959 E +(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G F2(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 120 R .6(en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G 3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .64(to the last positional parameter)144 132 R -5.64(.I)-.55 G 3.14(ti)-5.64 G 3.14(sa)-3.14 G 3.139(ne)-3.14 G .639 -(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F2(length)3.139 E F0 -.25(eva)3.139 G .639 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 132 R +5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G +.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F2(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 (luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 144 Q(If)144 168 Q F2(par) -3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 +3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 (da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 -F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 -180 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A -(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081 -(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater) --3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 192 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) --3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) --6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 -F F2(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F +F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 +180 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater) +-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 192 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft) +-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) +-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if) +-3.729 F F2(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F (number less than zero.)144 204 Q(Substring e)144 228 Q (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931(Substring inde)144 252 R +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 252 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ -which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 264 Q .306(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F -2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.807 E F0 -.307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 276 Q(${)108 292.8 Q +which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 264 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F +2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.806 E F0 +.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 276 Q(${)108 292.8 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 304.8 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A -(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .085(Names matching pr)144 316.8 R -(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.584 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 +(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084(Names matching pr)144 316.8 R +(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084 +(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 (rated by the \214rst character of the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@) -2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@) +2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F (within double quotes, each v)144 340.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E (xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 357.6 Q F1(!)A F2(name) A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 369.6 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0 -(]})A F1 2.036(List of array k)144 381.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) +(]})A F1 2.035(List of array k)144 381.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) -7.036 E F2(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036 (ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .595(assigned in)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.095 E F0 -5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F -3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F2(@)144 405.6 Q F0 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .596(assigned in)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 +5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F +3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 405.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -422.4 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 434.4 S .471 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 -(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F2(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 446.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F1(*)3.708 E F0(or) -3.708 E F1(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +422.4 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 434.4 S .47 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +446.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.209 E F2(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 (array name subscripted by)144 458.4 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F2(par)145.25 470.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 -(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 482.4 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 470.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 482.4 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) 144 494.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 511.2 Q F2 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 523.2 Q F2 @@ -3077,113 +3081,114 @@ G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 511.2 Q F2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.544(name e)144 547.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +.543(name e)144 547.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 559.2 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.221 G(tter).1 E 3.221(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.221 E -F0(belo)3.221 E 4.521 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.221(ft).65 G .721 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.221 F .722(ginning of the v)-.15 F .722 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.222 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 559.2 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E +F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 (then the result of the e)144 571.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F .183(pattern \(the `)144 -583.2 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 +583.2 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F2(par)3.934 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F1(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 595.2 Q F1(*)3.019 E -F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F2(par)3.933 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F1(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 595.2 Q F1(*)3.018 E +F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.121(sion is the resultant list.)144 607.2 R(If) +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 607.2 R(If) 6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F 1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*) -3.622 E F0 3.622(,t)C 1.122(he pattern)-3.622 F(remo)144 619.2 Q -.25 +3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 619.2 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) -2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 631.2 Q(${)108 648 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 660 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 -672 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 -5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F2(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +672 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 +5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 684 -S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 696 S(tter).1 -E 4.592(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.592 E F0(belo)4.592 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 +S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 696 S(tter).1 +E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) --4.592 F 2.093(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.093(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 708 Q +-4.592 F 2.092(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 708 Q (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.084 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 720 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D +(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085 +(matching pattern \(the `)144 720 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1 -(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(23)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(23)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)145.25 84 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(*)2.66 E F0 2.66(,t)C .16 -(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo).25 G .159 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 -(and the e)144 96 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.509 -E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F2(*)3.01 E F0 -(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 108 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G .422 -(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 120 Q(${)108 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)145.25 84 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159 +(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo).25 G .16 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 +(and the e)144 96 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.51 E +F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F2(*)3.009 E +F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 108 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G +.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) +-2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 120 Q(${)108 136.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 -(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 148.8 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 -E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F -1.107(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) +(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 148.8 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 +E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F +1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion,)144 160.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 (is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1 -(string)144 172.8 Q F0 5.396(.T)C .396 -(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F2 -.1 -(Pa)2.897 G(tter).1 E 2.897(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.897 E F0(belo)2.897 E -4.197 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.897 E(tern)144 184.8 Q F0(be) -2.57 E .07(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.57 E F0 2.57(,a)C .07(ll matches of) --2.57 F F1(pattern)2.57 E F0 .069(are replaced with)2.569 F F1(string) -2.569 E F0 5.069(.N)C .069(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.069 F -2.579(replaced. If)144 196.8 R F1(pattern)2.579 E F0(be)2.579 E .079 -(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.579 E F0 2.579(,i)C 2.579(tm)-2.579 G .079 -(ust match at the be)-2.579 F .08(ginning of the e)-.15 F .08(xpanded v) --.15 F .08(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.58 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 208.8 Q F0 -5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(pattern)3.262 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with) --.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761 -(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F .761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.261 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 -(string)144 220.8 Q F0 .957(is null, matches of)3.457 F F1(pattern)3.457 -E F0 .958(are deleted and the)3.457 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E -(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958(may be omitted.)3.458 F .958 -(If the)5.958 F F2(nocasematch)144 232.8 Q F0 .492 +(string)144 172.8 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1 +(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E +4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 184.8 Q F0(be) +2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 +(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) +2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 +(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 196.8 R +F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 +(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 +(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 208.8 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 +(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 +3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F +.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 220.8 Q F0 .958 +(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 +(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E +F1(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F +F2(nocasematch)144 232.8 Q F0 .492 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .883(betic characters.) -144 244.8 R(If)5.883 E F1(par)4.633 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.113 E F2(@) -3.383 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .884 +(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) +144 244.8 R(If)5.884 E F1(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F2(@) +3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F 1.002 (parameter in turn, and the e)144 256.8 R 1.002 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F1(par)4.752 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.001(ariable sub-)-.25 F -.158(scripted with)144 268.8 R F2(@)2.658 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002(ariable sub-)-.25 F +.159(scripted with)144 268.8 R F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \ of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 280.8 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 297.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 309.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 321.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 333.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 345.6 R F0 5.438(.T)C -.438(his e)-5.438 F .437 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 345.6 R F0 5.437(.T)C +.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 357.6 Q -F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 369.6 -S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 357.6 Q +F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 369.6 +S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 381.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 @@ -3192,149 +3197,149 @@ F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 -.15(ve)144 393.6 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.547(letters to lo)144 405.6 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +1.548(letters to lo)144 405.6 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 417.6 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 -E F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 429.6 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 417.6 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 +E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 429.6 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 441.6 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 453.6 R(If)5.468 E F1 +(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 453.6 R(If)5.469 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E -F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E +F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 465.6 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 482.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 494.4 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 506.4 R F1 -(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 -E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -518.4 Q F2(Q)144 542.4 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 542.4 R 1.065 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 506.4 R F1 +(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 +E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 +518.4 Q F2(Q)144 542.4 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 542.4 R 1.064 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 554.4 Q F2(E)144 566.4 Q F0 .44(The e)180 566.4 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 554.4 Q F2(E)144 566.4 Q F0 .441(The e)180 566.4 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 -F -.15(ex)180 578.4 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E -F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 590.4 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 590.4 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F +-.15(ex)180 578.4 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 590.4 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 590.4 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 602.4 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 614.4 Q F0 1.137 +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 614.4 Q F0 1.138 (The e)180 614.4 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 626.4 Q +F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 626.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 638.4 Q F0 (The e)180 638.4 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 655.2 Q F1(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.811 E F2(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F2(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 655.2 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.081 F -.15(ex)144 667.2 S .129(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.129 E F1(par)3.879 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.359 F -.13(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F2(*)2.63 E -F0 2.63(,t)C .13(he oper)-2.63 F(-)-.2 E +-4.08 F -.15(ex)144 667.2 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) +5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E +F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -679.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.85(The result of the e) -144 703.2 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described)-.15 F -(belo)144 715.2 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(24)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +679.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 +(The result of the e)144 703.2 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 +F(belo)144 715.2 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(24)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Command Substitution)87 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.697 -(Command substitution)108 96 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 108 Q F1($\()144 124.8 Q F2 +SF(Command Substitution)87 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.698 +(Command substitution)108 96 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 108 Q F1($\()144 124.8 Q F2 (command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 136.8 Q F1<92>144 148.8 Q F2(command) -A F1<92>A(Bash)108 165.6 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 -.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 165.6 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 +.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) 108 177.6 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) 108 189.6 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) -2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) +2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 218.4 R(xcept)-.15 E -.315(when follo)108 230.4 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ +.314(when follo)108 230.4 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1 +<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 242.4 R 1.386(using the $\() -3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G -3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 242.4 R 1.387(using the $\() +3.887 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G +3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 254.4 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 271.2 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 283.2 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 300 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 312 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 328.8 Q F0 1.035 -(Arithmetic e)108 340.8 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 312 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 328.8 Q F0 1.034 +(Arithmetic e)108 340.8 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 352.8 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() 144 369.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 386.4 -Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 -(treated specially)108 398.4 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 +Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 +(treated specially)108 398.4 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 -(tution, and quote remo)108 410.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 422.4 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 439.2 +-.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 +(tution, and quote remo)108 410.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 422.4 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 439.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 451.2 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 451.2 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) 2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 468 Q (ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 480 Q .405(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 492 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 492 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 504 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 516 R .56 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 516 R .559 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 528 Q .308 +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 528 Q .309 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 540 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 556.8 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 556.8 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 568.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 585.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 597.6 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 +-.75(Wo)87 585.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 597.6 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 609.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 626.4 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 @@ -3342,31 +3347,31 @@ F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) 108 638.4 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 650.4 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -()3.337 E F0(,)A F1()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 -()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 662.4 R .345 +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.707 E F0 +(,)A .836(the def)108 650.4 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +()3.336 E F0(,)A F1()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 +()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 662.4 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 674.4 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 674.4 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -686.4 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 -E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 +686.4 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 +E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) +-.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 (ter is in the v)108 698.4 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) -3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 710.4 -R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 -F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 722.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 -G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E -(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E -(25)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 +(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 +(along with an)108 710.4 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 +E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) +5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 +722.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E +F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(25)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3376,99 +3381,99 @@ BP (Explicit null ar)108 84 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 96 R .484 +6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 96 R .485 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 -G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 -E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 108 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 +G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 +E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 108 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 (passed to a command as an empty string.)108 120 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 132 S .176 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 132 S .175 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F22.675 -E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 144 +/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F22.676 +E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 144 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 160.8 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 177.6 -S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .245(After w)108 189.6 R .245 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.745 E F0 .245 -(option has been set,)2.745 F F1(bash)2.745 E F0 .246(scans each w)2.746 -F .246(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.746 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.746 E F0 -(,)A F1([)2.746 E F0 2.746(,a)C(nd,)-2.746 E .593 +S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .246(After w)108 189.6 R .246 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.746 E F0 .246 +(option has been set,)2.746 F F1(bash)2.746 E F0 .245(scans each w)2.745 +F .245(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.745 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.745 E F0 +(,)A F1([)2.745 E F0 2.745(,a)C(nd,)-2.745 E .592 (under certain circumstances \(e.g., when it appears in the e)108 201.6 -R .592(xpansion of an unquoted shell v)-.15 F .592(ariable, depend-)-.25 +R .593(xpansion of an unquoted shell v)-.15 F .593(ariable, depend-)-.25 F 1.239(ing on the setting of the)108 213.6 R F1(posixglob)3.739 E F0 1.239(shell option\),)3.739 F F1(\\)3.739 E F0 6.239(.I)C 3.739(fo) --6.239 G 1.239(ne of these characters appears, then the w)-3.739 F 1.239 -(ord is)-.1 F(re)108 225.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .285(rded as a).05 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a).24 G .284(nd replaced w\ +-6.239 G 1.239(ne of these characters appears, then the w)-3.739 F 1.238 +(ord is)-.1 F(re)108 225.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .284(rded as a).05 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a).24 G .284(nd replaced w\ ith an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \ -\(see)-2.785 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).09 E 2.549 -(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.549 E F0(belo)2.549 E 2.799(w\). If)-.25 F .299 +\(see)-2.784 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).09 E 2.55 +(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.55 E F0(belo)2.55 E 2.8(w\). If)-.25 F .299 (no matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)2.799 F F1 -(nullglob)2.799 E F0 .3(is not enabled,)2.8 F .017(the w)108 249.6 R -.017(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .017(If the)5.017 F F1(nullglob)2.517 -E F0 .016(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)2.517 F .016 -(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.516(d. If).15 F(the)108 261.6 Q F1 -(failglob)3.002 E F0 .503(shell option is set, and no matches are found\ -, an error message is printed and the command is)3.002 F .478(not e)108 -273.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(the shell option)2.978 -F F1(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0 .478 +(nullglob)2.799 E F0 .299(is not enabled,)2.799 F .016(the w)108 249.6 R +.016(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .016(If the)5.016 F F1(nullglob)2.516 +E F0 .017(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)2.516 F .017 +(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.517(d. If).15 F(the)108 261.6 Q F1 +(failglob)3.003 E F0 .503(shell option is set, and no matches are found\ +, an error message is printed and the command is)3.003 F .477(not e)108 +273.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.977(cuted. If).15 F .477(the shell option)2.977 +F F1(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0 .478 (is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.978 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.477(rd to the case).05 F .15(of alphabetic characters.)108 285.6 R .15 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.15 F .151 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.651 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .151(at the start of a)5.151 F .782(name or immediately follo)108 -297.6 R .781(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.281(,u)-.65 G .781(nless the shell option)-3.281 F F1(dotglob)3.281 E -F0 .781(is set.)3.281 F .502(The \214lenames)108 309.6 R F1 -.63(``) -3.002 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.502 E F1 -.63(``)3.002 G(..).63 -E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .502(must al)6.132 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .502 -(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.002(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.252 G -3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1(dotglob)3.002 E F0 .502(is set.)3.002 F -.503(In other cases, the)5.503 F F1 -.63(``)108 321.6 S -.55(.').63 G(') --.08 E F0 1.504(character is not treated specially)6.504 F 6.503(.W)-.65 -G 1.503(hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-6.503 F --.1(wa)-.1 G 1.503(ys be).1 F .631(matched e)108 333.6 R .631 +.478(rd to the case).05 F .151(of alphabetic characters.)108 285.6 R +.151(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.151 F .15 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.65 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0 .15(at the start of a)5.15 F .781(name or immediately follo)108 297.6 +R .781(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.281(,u) +-.65 G .781(nless the shell option)-3.281 F F1(dotglob)3.282 E F0 .782 +(is set.)3.282 F .503(The \214lenames)108 309.6 R F1 -.63(``)3.003 G +-.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.503 E F1 -.63(``)3.003 G(..).63 E -.63 +('')-.55 G F0 .502(must al)6.132 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .502(ys be matched e).1 +F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.002(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.252 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f) +-3.002 E F1(dotglob)3.002 E F0 .502(is set.)3.002 F .502 +(In other cases, the)5.502 F F1 -.63(``)108 321.6 S -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 1.503(character is not treated specially)6.503 F 6.503(.W)-.65 G +1.503(hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-6.503 F -.1 +(wa)-.1 G 1.504(ys be).1 F .632(matched e)108 333.6 R .632 (xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .632 -(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .632 +(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .631 (xts it can be matched by a special)-.15 F 1.392 (pattern character as described belo)108 345.6 R 3.892(wu)-.25 G(nder) -3.892 E F4 -.09(Pa)3.892 G(tter).09 E 3.642(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.642 E /F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.392(See the description of)5.892 F F1 -(shopt)3.892 E F0(belo)3.892 E 3.891(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.891 E F4 .775 -(SHELL B)108 357.6 R(UIL)-.09 E .775(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .776 +(shopt)3.892 E F0(belo)3.892 E 3.892(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.892 E F4 .776 +(SHELL B)108 357.6 R(UIL)-.09 E .776(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .776 (for a description of the)3.026 F F1(nocaseglob)3.276 E F0(,)A F1 (nullglob)3.276 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)3.276 E F0 3.276(,a)C(nd)-3.276 E -F1(dotglob)3.276 E F0(shell)3.276 E(options.)108 369.6 Q(The)108 386.4 Q -F4(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F .131 +F1(dotglob)3.275 E F0(shell)3.275 E(options.)108 369.6 Q(The)108 386.4 Q +F4(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F3(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F4(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE) -108 398.4 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also matche\ -s one of the patterns in)4.264 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E -(remo)108 410.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) -3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 422.4 Q F0 .146 -(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F +F F3(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F4(GLO-)2.631 E +(BIGNORE)108 398.4 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.264 E(remo)108 410.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414 +(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) +3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 422.4 Q F0 .147 +(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 -(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 +F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 434.4 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .682(enabling the)108 446.4 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 446.4 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 458.4 Q -1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 458.4 Q +1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 -470.4 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F4 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 +470.4 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F4 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 (The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 482.4 Q F1 (extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 499.2 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 516 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(harac\ @@ -3481,10 +3486,10 @@ s described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) -.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 552 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 585.6 Q F0 .376 -(Matches an)180 585.6 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 597.6 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 585.6 Q F0 .377 +(Matches an)180 585.6 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 597.6 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 @@ -3493,32 +3498,32 @@ E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 F0(,)A(tw)180 621.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 633.6 Q F0(Matches an)180 633.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 645.6 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 645.6 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 657.6 R F3 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +F1([...])144 645.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 645.6 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 +(denotes a)180 657.6 R F3 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G -.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 669.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u) -.15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) -6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 681.6 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F -F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 -(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 693.6 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 705.6 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F4(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 669.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u) +.15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 681.6 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F +F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 +(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 693.6 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) +180 705.6 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F4(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 (or)2.625 E F4(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 -F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 717.6 R .068 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F --.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 729.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 717.6 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 729.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(26)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(26)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3526,35 +3531,35 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .193(be matched b\ y including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)180 84 R(A) -5.193 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 +5.193 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 96 Q -.4(Wi)180 -114 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 -.571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class) -A F1(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 +114 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 +.571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A +F1(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0 (is one of the follo)180 126 Q (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 138 R 8.173 (wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 150 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 162 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +4.29(Ac)180 162 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 +(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 174 Q -.4(Wi) -180 192 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ +180 192 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 204 R (the character)180 216 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 234 S(thin).4 E F1 ([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 250.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 -262.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 250.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 +262.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) 108 274.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 298.8 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 @@ -3568,18 +3573,18 @@ F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) (\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 382.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) .15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 394.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) .833 E F0(Matches an)180 406.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .969(Complicated e)108 -423.6 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .969 -(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 +423.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 +(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 (alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 435.6 R 1.23 (Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F (using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 447.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 464.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 -E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 476.4 R 1.113 +E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 476.4 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 488.4 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 488.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 505.2 Q F0 .545 (Before a command is e)108 517.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 @@ -3587,53 +3592,54 @@ E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 476.4 R 1.113 (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 (by the shell.)108 529.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 541.2 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ - the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 -(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +-.25 F(dif)108 541.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 553.2 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 -565.2 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G -.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 577.2 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 +565.2 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 577.2 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 594 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 +stead be preceded by a w)108 594 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 606 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 618 S -.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 618 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 630 Q F0 -.599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2 -(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F -1.238(persists be)108 642 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo) --.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor) --.25 F(himself.)108 654 Q .283(In the follo)108 670.8 R .284(wing descr\ -iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\ -aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 682.8 R F1(<) -3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +.6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 642 R 1.238 +(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 +(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(himself.)108 654 Q .284(In the follo)108 670.8 R .283(wing description\ +s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ +r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 682.8 R F1(<)3.012 E +F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 694.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 711.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 711.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F 2.701 (jected to brace e)108 723.6 R 2.701(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F 2.701 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 2.701(ariable e)-.25 F 2.701 (xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 July 8)151.505 E(27)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(27)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829(arithmetic e) -108 84 R .829(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .829 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .83(arithmetic e) +108 84 R .83(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .83 (l, pathname e).25 F .829(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .829(ord splitting.)-.1 -F .829(If it e)5.829 F .83(xpands to more than)-.15 F(one w)108 96 Q +F .829(If it e)5.829 F .829(xpands to more than)-.15 F(one w)108 96 Q (ord,)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E (.)-.55 E(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 112.8 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 @@ -3645,12 +3651,12 @@ Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w) -3.027 F .527(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 192 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 -(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 208.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 220.8 R .978 -(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .977 +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 208.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 220.8 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 232.8 Q (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 249.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 @@ -3661,21 +3667,21 @@ E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 261.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 309.6 Q F1(/de) 144 321.6 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 333.6 Q F1(/de)144 345.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0 -(If)180 357.6 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(If)180 357.6 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 369.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 381.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 393.6 Q F2 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 405.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 422.4 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 439.2 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 439.2 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 451.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 468 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) @@ -3686,41 +3692,41 @@ an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 439.2 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 508.8 Q([)144 525.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 542.4 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 +(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 554.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 566.4 -R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +108 554.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 566.4 +R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F -.15(ex)108 578.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 595.2 Q([)144 612 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 628.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 640.8 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 652.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 628.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 640.8 R +.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 +(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 652.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -681.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +681.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 (Redirection of output in this f)108 693.6 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 705.6 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 705.6 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 -.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 -717.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(28)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 +.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 +717.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(28)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3730,7 +3736,7 @@ BP (The general format for appending output is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>>)A F1(wor)A(d) -.37 E F2(Redir)87 117.6 Q(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 -E(or)-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 129.6 R .249(ws both the st\ +E(or)-.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 129.6 R .249(ws both the st\ andard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\ \214le descrip-)-.25 F (tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 141.6 Q @@ -3741,13 +3747,13 @@ andard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\ F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 216 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 232.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 249.6 R F1(wor) +E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 249.6 R F1(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F22.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G -.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 261.6 Q +-.15 F F22.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 261.6 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 278.4 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 290.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3759,31 +3765,31 @@ F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(Her)87 403.2 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 415.2 R F1(delimiter)108.35 427.2 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +ontaining only)108 415.2 R F1(delimiter)108.35 427.2 Q F0 .614 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 439.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 456 Q([)144 472.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 484.8 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 496.8 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 496.8 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 513.6 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 525.6 R F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 (is quoted, the)3.685 F F1(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +-2.915 E F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 537.6 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 (are subjected to parameter e)108 549.6 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 561.6 Q F2(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 (If the redirection operator is)108 578.4 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 590.4 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 @@ -3792,18 +3798,18 @@ E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 607.2 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 619.2 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 636 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 652.8 Q F1 -(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 +(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S -1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 676.8 R .374(wline appended\ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 676.8 R .375(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) 108 688.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 705.6 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(29)200.665 E 0 -Cg EP +108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(29)185.115 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3811,48 +3817,48 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 -E F0 .126(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 100.8 R(If) -5.127 E F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +E F0 .127(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 100.8 R(If) +5.127 E F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -112.8 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 124.8 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 136.8 Q +112.8 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 124.8 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 136.8 Q (The operator)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(d)-.37 E F0 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 187.2 R -(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 199.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F1(wor) -4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 211.2 R F1(wor) -3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F22.754 E +(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 199.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor) +4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 211.2 R F1(wor) +3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F22.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F1(n)2.754 E F0 -.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E -.965(not e)108 223.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E +.966(not e)108 223.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 235.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 252 Q (ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 264 Q([)144 280.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 297.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1(digit) -3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o) -.24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 -.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 309.6 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1(digit) +3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o) +.24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 +.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 309.6 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) 108 326.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 343.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 360 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1(digit)2.785 E F0 -.285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785 -(rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F -F1(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 372 Q F2 +2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 +.286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786 +(rt)-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F +F1(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 372 Q F2 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 388.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 400.8 Q([)144 417.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3861,36 +3867,36 @@ A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 446.4 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 463.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 475.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 -E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 463.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 475.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 +E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 487.2 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 -(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 499.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F -(check)108 511.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 -(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A -F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 523.2 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 -1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) --3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 535.2 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 547.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 559.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 571.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 -(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) --3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 583.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 487.2 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 499.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(check)108 511.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 523.2 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 535.2 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 547.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 559.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 571.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 583.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 600 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 @@ -3905,179 +3911,179 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 600 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 657.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -674.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +674.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 (one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 686.4 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 698.4 R 1.059 -(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.074(when it is e)108 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 +1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 698.4 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.075(when it is e)108 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 722.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G -.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 -(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 +and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 722.4 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G +.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .338 (wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(30)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(30)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.472(not af)108 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.473(not af)108 84 R 1.473(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.973(wa)-.25 G 3.973(lias. This) -3.973 F(beha)3.973 E 1.473(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.973(cuted. Aliases).15 F(are)3.973 E -.15(ex)108 -96 S .61(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the func\ -tion is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .609(cuted, because a function de\214ni-) -.15 F .711(tion is itself a command.)108 108 R .711 +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.973(cuted. Aliases).15 F(are)3.972 E -.15(ex)108 +96 S .609(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the fun\ +ction is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .61(cuted, because a function de\214ni-) +.15 F .712(tion is itself a command.)108 108 R .711 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.711 F --.25(va)-.2 G .712(ilable until after that).25 F 1.186(function is e)108 -120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.686(cuted. T).15 F 3.686(ob)-.8 G 3.686(es)-3.686 -G 1.185(afe, al)-3.686 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.185 +-.25(va)-.2 G .711(ilable until after that).25 F 1.185(function is e)108 +120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.685(cuted. T).15 F 3.685(ob)-.8 G 3.685(es)-3.685 +G 1.185(afe, al)-3.685 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.185 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)3.685 E F0(in)3.685 E(compound commands.)108 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)3.686 E F0(in)3.686 E(compound commands.)108 132 Q -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 177.6 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 177.6 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.002(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F +1.001(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002 (the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ -t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 +t of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 -F .036(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .315(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 +F .035(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 237.6 -R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 249.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 237.6 +R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 249.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 278.4 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 290.4 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 278.4 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 290.4 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F1(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 302.4 R F3(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 302.4 R F3(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 314.4 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 314.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 326.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 343.2 S .656 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 343.2 S .655 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 355.2 R .05 +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 355.2 R .051 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F1(local) -2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G -(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ -hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 367.2 R 1.185(Local v) -6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 379.2 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 +-.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F1(local)2.55 E +F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55 +E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\ +luding the functions it calls\).)108 367.2 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F +(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 379.2 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) --.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F -.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 -391.2 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ - to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 403.2 R .688 +-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F +.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 +391.2 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ +to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 403.2 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 415.2 Q .727 -(The shell uses)108 432 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727(dynamic scoping) -3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G -.726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 444 R .007 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 415.2 Q .726 +(The shell uses)108 432 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .726(dynamic scoping) +3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G +.727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727 +(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 444 R .008 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) -108 456 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 468 Q -2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) +108 456 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 468 Q +2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) 108 480 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -496.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F5 -(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F5(func1) -2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F5(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 -(calls another function)2.723 F F5(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 508.8 R F5(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 -F F5(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) --2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F5(var)2.964 E F0(from) -2.964 E F5(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +496.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F5 +(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F5(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F5(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 +(calls another function)2.724 F F5(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 +(references to)108 508.8 R F5(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 +F F5(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) +-2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F5(var)2.963 E F0(from) +2.963 E F5(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F (y)-.15 E(global v)108 520.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F5(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 537.6 Q F1(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 -(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F1(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 +(The)108 537.6 Q F1(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F1(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 549.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.721(av)108 561.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ - unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ -func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 573.6 R .013 -(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 -(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 -(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) +-5.19 E 2.72(av)108 561.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ +unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\ +unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 573.6 R .014 +(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014 +(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013 +(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v) 108 585.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F -3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 +3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567 (ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 597.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 614.4 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 --.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 614.4 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 +-.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 643.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 643.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 655.2 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 655.2 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 667.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 667.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 679.2 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 696 R F1 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 708 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 720 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G -(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(31)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +.327(\214le and line number)108 720 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(31)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.298 -(automatically ha)108 84 R 1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298 -(hem de\214ned with the).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.798 E F0 -1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.297 +(automatically ha)108 84 R 1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297 +(hem de\214ned with the).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.797 E F0 +1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F (deleted using the)108 96 Q F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 -(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi) +(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi) 108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 @@ -4085,23 +4091,23 @@ E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -153.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +153.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 (The shell allo)108 165.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E F0 -(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 +(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 (iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) 2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 189.6 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 189.6 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 201.6 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F -(lo)108 213.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) -5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F +(lo)108 213.6 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) +5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 225.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 242.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 254.4 S (riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 266.4 S @@ -4126,91 +4132,91 @@ F0(bitwise e)144 410.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) (Shell v)108 535.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 547.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 547.2 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G -1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 571.2 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.258 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 571.2 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.257 (when it is referenced, or when a v)108 583.2 R 1.258 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.758(nt).15 G(he) --3.758 E F3(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.257 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.757 E 3.757<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.757 E F0(is) -3.757 E .332(assigned a v)108 595.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +-3.758 E F3(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.258 +(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.758 E 3.758<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.758 E F0(is) +3.758 E .333(assigned a v)108 595.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) 2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 (As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 607.2 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 624 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F 3.018 -(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F<8c78> --.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with)5.517 -F 3.282(al)108 636 S .782(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.) --3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G .783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283 -(xadecimal. Otherwise,)-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 648 R 3.316 -(et)-.1 G .816(he form [)-3.316 F F3(base#)A F0 .815 -(]n, where the optional)B F3(base)3.315 E F0 .815 -(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 F .349 -(the arithmetic base, and)108 660 R F3(n)2.849 E F0 .349 -(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) -108 672 Q F3(n)3.88 E F0 3.88(,i)C 3.88(fan)-3.88 G 1.38(on-digit is re\ -quired, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.88 F 1.38 -(wercase letters, the)-.25 F .018 +2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 607.2 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 624 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F 3.017 +(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F<8c78> +-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with)5.518 +F 3.283(al)108 636 S .783(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.) +-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G .782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282 +(xadecimal. Otherwise,)-.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 648 R 3.315 +(et)-.1 G .815(he form [)-3.315 F F3(base#)A F0 .815 +(]n, where the optional)B F3(base)3.315 E F0 .816 +(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 F .35 +(the arithmetic base, and)108 660 R F3(n)2.85 E F0 .35 +(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F +(fying)108 672 Q F3(n)3.88 E F0 3.88(,i)C 3.88(fan)-3.88 G 1.38(on-digi\ +t is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.88 +F 1.38(wercase letters, the)-.25 F .018 (uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 684 R 5.018(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.018 E F3(base)2.518 E F0 .018(is less than or equal to 36, lo)2.518 F .018(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -696 Q .235(Operators are e)108 712.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +696 Q .234(Operators are e)108 712.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 724.8 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(32)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(32)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 84 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 96 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 84 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 96 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2 -(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256 -(iltin commands to test).2 F 1.234(\214le attrib)108 108 R 1.234 +(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255 +(iltin commands to test).2 F 1.233(\214le attrib)108 108 R 1.233 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)6.234 E -F2(test)3.733 E F0(and)3.733 E F2([)3.733 E F0 1.233 -(commands determine their)3.733 F(beha)108 120 Q .996 +F2(test)3.734 E F0(and)3.734 E F2([)3.734 E F0 1.234 +(commands determine their)3.734 F(beha)108 120 Q .997 (vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .996 -(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 3.497(yo) --.15 G .997(ther com-)-3.497 F(mand-speci\214c actions.)108 132 Q .235 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 3.496(yo) +-.15 G .996(ther com-)-3.496 F(mand-speci\214c actions.)108 132 Q .234 (Expressions are formed from the follo)108 148.8 R .234 -(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .234 -(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .424 -(cially when the)108 160.8 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e)-2.924 F +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 +(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425 +(cially when the)108 160.8 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F -F2(bash)2.925 E F0 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these)-.15 F +F2(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F 1.153(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate th\ em internally with this beha)108 172.8 R 1.153(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 -E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.652 E F0(ar)108 184.8 Q .426 +E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.653 E F0(ar)108 184.8 Q .426 (gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F3(/de)2.926 E (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.926(,t)C .426(hen \214le descriptor)-2.926 F F3(n) 2.926 E F0 .426(is check)2.926 F 2.926(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.926 E F3 -(\214le)2.926 E F0(ar)2.926 E(gu-)-.18 E .03 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 196.8 R F3(/de)2.53 E -(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F3(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.529(,o)C(r) --2.529 E F3(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.529<2c8c>C .029 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 +(\214le)2.926 E F0(ar)2.926 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 196.8 R F3(/de)2.529 E +(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F3(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) +-2.53 E F3(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 225.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +108 225.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 237.6 -Q 1.096(When used with)108 255.6 R F2([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 -E F2(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 -E F2(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 255.6 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 +E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 267.6 Q F2108 291.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 291.6 S (ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 303.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 303.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 @@ -4267,10 +4273,10 @@ E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F3 603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F3(\214le2) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2108 615.6 Q -F3(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 627.6 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 +F3(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 627.6 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F3(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F2 -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 639.6 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 639.6 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 651.6 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 663.6 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname) 2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F2 @@ -4278,8 +4284,8 @@ F F3(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 .35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname)2.79 E F0 (is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F2108 699.6 Q F3(string) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 711.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.5 E -F0(is zero.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(33)200.665 -E 0 Cg EP +F0(is zero.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(33) +185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4290,11 +4296,11 @@ BP F1(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1 (string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1(string1)108 124.8 Q F2(==)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 136.8 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 148.8 S .862(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 -.861(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .861 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 +(Tr)144 148.8 S .861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 +.861(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .862 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 160.8 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 -.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 172.8 Q F0(\).)A F1 (string1)108 189.6 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 201.6 S (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 218.4 Q F2(<)2.5 @@ -4304,69 +4310,69 @@ E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 247.2 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)144 259.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 276 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 288 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(OP)144 288 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1 -(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 300 R -F1(ar)144 312 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.59(,r)C(especti)-3.59 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.1 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.59 E F1(ar)3.92 E(g2) --.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.61 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 -G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E -3.589(gers. When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F2([[)3.589 E F0 -(command,)144 324 Q F1(Ar)4.219 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.209 E F1(Ar)4.219 E +F1(ar)144 312 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E +(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 +(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) +.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0 +(command,)144 324 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 E (g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 -(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.21(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .71 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.21 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 336 Q F0(abo)2.25 +(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 336 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 352.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614(When a simple command is e)108 364.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613 -(wing e)-.25 F .613(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F +72 352.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 364.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 +(wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F (rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 376.8 Q(wing order)-.25 -E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 393.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 393.6 R 1.848 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 393.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 393.6 R 1.849 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F (name\) and redirections are sa)144 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 422.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 422.4 R -1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 -434.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 422.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 422.4 R +1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 +434.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E (are the ar)144 446.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 463.2 Q (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 463.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 480 Q .717(The te)144 480 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 +108 480 Q .716(The te)144 480 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 492 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 492 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 504 Q .332 (If no command name results, the v)108 520.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 532.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 532.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 544.8 -R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 556.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 544.8 +R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 556.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 573.6 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 585.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 (If there is a command name left after e)108 602.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -614.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 626.4 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 +614.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 626.4 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 638.4 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 655.2 Q F0 -.546(After a command has been split into w)108 667.2 R .547 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 667.2 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 679.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ @@ -4378,90 +4384,90 @@ E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 720 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(34)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(34)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 84 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.809 -E F0 .309(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 96 Q/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662 -(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F1(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 -108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F1(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). 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Ar)-.4 F .198 -(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 +(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 (n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 220.8 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 249.6 R/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 249.6 R/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 261.6 R .33 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 -(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 273.6 R 1.219 +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 261.6 R .329 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 273.6 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) -.15 F F1(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 (SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 285.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348 -(If the program is a \214le be)108 302.4 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F1 -(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\ -\214es an interpreter for the pro-)-2.848 F 3.178(gram. 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On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 304.8 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 (cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 316.8 Q .144(viron\ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F -2.703(cesses. Ex)108 328.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 328.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 340.8 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 (alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 352.8 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) @@ -4552,69 +4559,69 @@ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 376.8 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 -(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 -E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 -(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) -108 388.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 -405.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command) -3.403 F F0 .562 +.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 376.8 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 +(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) +-2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 +(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 +388.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 +405.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562(simple command) +3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 417.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 417.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 429.6 Q +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 429.6 Q (vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 446.4 R F1 3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 458.4 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 475.2 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) --3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-.4 E(When)108 475.2 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F (passed to that command in its en)108 487.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 -(EXIT ST)72 504 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 516 R -.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 528 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F -.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 540 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G -.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 +(EXIT ST)72 504 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 516 R .15 +(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 +F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 528 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 540 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 552 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) -108 568.8 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) --.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 580.8 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 592.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +108 568.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 580.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 592.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 609.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 621.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 621.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 638.4 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 655.2 R .081 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 655.2 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 667.2 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F --.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 667.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 679.2 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F1(Bash)108 696 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 679.2 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F1(Bash)108 696 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 708 Q (xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(36)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(36)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4622,147 +4629,147 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 84 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.182 E F0 .682(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G .682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183 (yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM) -3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .683(kill 0)3.183 F F0 .683 -(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 108 Q .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .458 -(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F2(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F +3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682 +(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 108 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457 +(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 120 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F2 (bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) -.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 136.8 -Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 -148.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F3(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 +-.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 +148.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 160.8 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 172.8 Q F3 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 189.6 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 189.6 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F3(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 213.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 -H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ -particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 225.6 R F2(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0 +1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 213.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ + to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 225.6 R F2(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 (SIGHUP)108 237.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 254.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -266.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 283.2 Q F2(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +266.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 283.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 295.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 295.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 (via the)108 307.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F (return immediately with an e)108 319.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(JOB CONTR)72 336 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 348 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol) --.45 E F0 2.068(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 360 Q -F5 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 348 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol) +-.45 E F0 2.067(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 360 Q +F5 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) -.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 372 Q(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 388.8 R F5(job) -5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 400.8 R F2 -(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F2(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F5(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 412.8 +F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 388.8 R F5(job) +5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 400.8 R F2 +(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F5(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 412.8 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 429.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 446.4 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 458.4 R .733 +ociated)108 446.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 458.4 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.732 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 470.4 Q F5(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 -(To f)108 487.2 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.87(notion of a)108 499.2 R F5(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 470.4 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 +(To f)108 487.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.871(notion of a)108 499.2 R F5(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 511.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 523.2 Q -F4(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F5(for) -3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.927 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 -F .146(group ID dif)108 535.2 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 523.2 Q +F4(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F5(for) +3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.926 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 +F .145(group ID dif)108 535.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 547.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 559.2 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F -.717(terminal are sent a)108 571.2 R F3 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 -G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 583.2 Q 1.088 -(If the operating system on which)108 600 R F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 -(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 612 S -.301(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) -3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 559.2 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F +.718(terminal are sent a)108 571.2 R F3 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 +G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 583.2 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 600 R F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 612 S +.302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) +3.572 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 624 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 624 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F2(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 636 R(to)108 648 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 -(background, the)108 660 R F2(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F2(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F2(^Z) -3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 672 Q .949(fect immediately)-.25 -F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 +F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 +(background, the)108 660 R F2(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F2(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F2(^Z) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 672 Q .948(fect immediately)-.25 +F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) 108 684 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 700.8 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 712.8 -Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F5(n)3.818 E F0 .957 +Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F5(n)3.817 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) 108 724.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E -(37)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(37)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(stopped)108 84 Q -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463 -(fap)-5.964 G .963(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash) +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463 +(fap)-5.963 G .963(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash) 3.463 E F0 .963(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E -F1(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F -.086(hand, refers to an)108 96 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +F1(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F +.087(hand, refers to an)108 96 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 (If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 108 Q F1(bash) @@ -4770,79 +4777,79 @@ F1(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F (he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w) -.23 G .018(hich is)-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 120 +.23 G .018(hich is)-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 120 R .495(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.) --.15 F(The)5.495 E F2(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 -.495(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 132 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 -5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E -.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 144 R F1 +-.15 F(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 +.494(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 132 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 144 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 -(and the pre)108 156 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.911 E F0 -5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 156 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 168 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +(rent job)108 168 Q(.)-.4 E .444 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 184.8 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C -(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -196.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +196.8 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F (equi)108 208.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 225.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 237.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G -.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 -(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(the)108 249.6 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 -(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 -.148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -261.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 278.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 -(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532 -(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 290.4 R F1 -(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 -(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -302.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) -5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 314.4 R .604 +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 225.6 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 237.6 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 249.6 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 +.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 +261.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 278.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 +(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 290.4 R F1 +(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +302.4 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 314.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E (and an)108 326.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E -.645(When the shell is w)108 343.2 R .645 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -(will)3.144 E 1.146(return when the job changes state. The)108 355.2 R +.644(When the shell is w)108 343.2 R .644 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 +(will)3.145 E 1.146(return when the job changes state. The)108 355.2 R F13.646 E F0 1.146(option causes)3.646 F F1(wait)3.646 E F0 1.146 (to w)3.646 F 1.146(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F (before returning.)108 367.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 384 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 -(and the secondary prompt)108 408 R F3(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F1(Bash)5.428 E -F0(displays)2.928 E F3(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 -(it reads a command b)108 420 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.038(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.537 E -F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 432 R F1 -3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 +(and the secondary prompt)108 408 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E +F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(it reads a command b)108 420 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E +F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 432 R F1 +3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ as follo)108 444 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 456 Q F0 (an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 456 Q F1(\\d)144 468 Q F0 (the date in "W)180 468 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 480 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 492 -Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime)3.927 E F0 +Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B (empty)180 504 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -4864,12 +4871,12 @@ Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime)3.927 E F0 672 Q F0(the v)180 672 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 684 Q F0(the release of)180 684 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 696 Q F0 .115(the current w) -180 696 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E F3 -($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) --.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 708 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(38)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 696 Q F0 .116(the current w) +180 696 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E F3 +($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) +-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 708 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 +E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(38)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4889,81 +4896,81 @@ F1(\\\\)144 144 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 144 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 156 Q F0(be)180 156 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F (control sequence into the prompt)180 168 Q F1(\\])144 180 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 180 Q .119 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 180 Q .12 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 196.8 R -.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 208.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ +on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ +story \214le \(see)108 208.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 (belo)108 220.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 (cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 232.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 244.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 244.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F .472(description of the)108 256.8 R F1(shopt)2.972 E F0 .471 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F .471(description of the)108 256.8 R F1(shopt)2.971 E F0 .471 (command under)2.971 F F2 .471(SHELL B)2.971 F(UIL)-.09 E .471 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.721 E 2.971(w\). This)-.25 F .471 -(can ha)2.971 F .771 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.721 E 2.971(w\). This)-.25 F .472 +(can ha)2.972 F .772 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) 108 268.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 280.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 297.6 Q F0 .151 +72 297.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 309.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 321.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 333.6 Q .851 +108 309.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 321.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 +(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 333.6 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 345.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 357.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 357.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E (emacs)108 369.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 386.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 398.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 410.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 422.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 434.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 410.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 422.4 S .831 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 +3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 434.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 +(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 446.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 475.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E +(ho)108 475.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 487.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 487.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 499.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 499.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 516 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 516 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 528 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 528 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) @@ -4972,23 +4979,23 @@ F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) 108 552 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 568.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 580.8 -R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 592.8 R .196(en from the v) +R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 592.8 R .196(en from the v) -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 604.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 616.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) -6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 +nd the k)108 604.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 616.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 (lines are ignored.)108 628.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 640.8 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 640.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 657.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 657.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 669.6 Q @@ -4996,7 +5003,7 @@ nd the k)108 604.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 (xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 715.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 727.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(39)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(39)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5006,10 +5013,10 @@ BP /F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G (uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) --.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)108 100.8 R 1.261 +-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)108 100.8 R 1.261 (wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G (BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 -E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E +E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 112.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 (SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G (B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 @@ -5020,47 +5027,47 @@ F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 112.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 (ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 170.4 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 -(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) +(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .263(command or the te) 108 182.4 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 -(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) +(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .264(The name may be speci-) 5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 194.4 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 (ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 206.4 Q .161(When using the form)108 223.2 R F2 --.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 -E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16 -(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-) +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 206.4 Q .16(When using the form)108 223.2 R F2 +-.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E +F1(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161 +(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-) .15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 235.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) 144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E (Meta-Rubout: backw)144 271.2 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 283.2 Q .698(In the abo)108 300 R .998 -.15 +(Control-o: "> output")144 283.2 Q .699(In the abo)108 300 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 312 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) -2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258 -(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258 +(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 324 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 340.8 R F2("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 340.8 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 352.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 364.8 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 364.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 376.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 412.8 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 441.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 441.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 453.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 453.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A @@ -5082,34 +5089,33 @@ F0(ne)180 619.2 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 631.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 (\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 679.2 Q F1(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)180 679.2 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 696 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indi\ -cate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 708 R .09 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) -5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 720 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F -(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(40)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +cate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 708 R .089 +(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 +F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G(are e)108 720 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E +2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(40)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Bash)108 84 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F -.729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 96 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +SF(Bash)108 84 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 +-.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 +F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 96 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 108 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 124.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 136.8 +(Readline V)87 124.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 136.8 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.554 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E (tr)108 148.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 165.6 Q F3(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 177.6 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2 @@ -5117,26 +5123,26 @@ F1(set)144 165.6 Q F3(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 194.4 R .79(ariables can tak) -.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or) 3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79 -(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 206.4 R .448 +(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 206.4 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -230.4 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 247.2 Q F0 .01 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +230.4 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 247.2 Q F0 .011 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 259.2 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 271.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 283.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 295.2 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 307.2 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 319.2 Q -.15 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 271.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 283.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 295.2 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 307.2 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 319.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 331.2 Q(en \(Off\)) -.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 343.2 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 @@ -5146,68 +5152,68 @@ empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) 144 379.2 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.936(completions using a dif)144 391.2 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 403.2 Q +2.935(completions using a dif)144 391.2 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F +7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 403.2 Q F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 415.2 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 427.2 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 439.2 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) --.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 451.2 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 463.2 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 475.2 Q F1 +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 427.2 R F1(On)4.08 E +F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 +F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +439.2 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E +(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E +(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 451.2 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 +E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 463.2 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 475.2 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) 108 487.2 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ -ble matches when performing completion.)144 499.2 R .194(The v)144 511.2 +ble matches when performing completion.)144 499.2 R .193(The v)144 511.2 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ -l screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 523.2 Q(The def)5 E (ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 535.2 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 547.2 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 559.2 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 559.2 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 571.2 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) 2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F F3A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 +.093(yphens \()-.05 F F3A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 583.2 Q F3(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 595.2 Q (e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ -splayed)144 607.2 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 619.2 R 1.274 -(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 631.2 S(lue are rep\ +splayed)144 607.2 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 619.2 R 1.275 +(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 631.2 S(lue are rep\ laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 643.2 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 655.2 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 667.2 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 679.2 R -.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S .237 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 643.2 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 655.2 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 667.2 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) +3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 +(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 +679.2 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ +qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 703.2 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(41)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(41)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(con)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to) -144 96 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15 +SF(con)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) +144 96 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F -.912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +.913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) 144 108 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 120 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E +.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 120 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E (ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 132 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 144 R @@ -5215,41 +5221,41 @@ F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 156 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 168 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 -(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 -(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 168 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 192 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 204 Q F0 .142 +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 204 Q F0 .141 (Controls whether readline be)144 216 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 (can be set to either)144 228 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 240 Q F0 .517(If the)144 252 -R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G -.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 240 Q F0 .518(If the)144 252 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 (last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 264 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F -.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 276 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G -.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F -.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 288 S 2.798 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 276 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 288 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) 144 300 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 -1.221(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +1.222(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 (paste into the editing b)144 336 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 (it had been read from the k)144 348 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 360 Q F1(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +144 360 Q F1(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 (When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (When set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 @@ -5261,86 +5267,86 @@ G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 480 R F1(On) -3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 492 Q -.15 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 480 R F1(On) +3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 492 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 504 Q F0 .948 +(history\255size \(unset\))108 504 Q F0 .949 (Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) -2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.277 F -.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) +2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.278 F +.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 +(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E (the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 612 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 -Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ +Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) -144 660 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +.336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) +144 660 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 -(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 (isear)108 684 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ ental search without subsequently e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 708 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 720 Q F2 +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 708 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 720 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(42)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(42)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ke)108 84 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 +SF -.1(ke)108 84 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 (Set the current readline k)144 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 +(map names is).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 108 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 132 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 132 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 144 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 156 R +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 156 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) -.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 168 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 180 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 180 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 192 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 192 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 (alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 204 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 216 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 228 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 228 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H (equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 240 Q(ectories \(On\)) -.18 E F0(If set to)144 252 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) @@ -5353,128 +5359,128 @@ E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 312 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 324 Q F0 .193(This v)144 336 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 324 Q F0 .192(This v)144 336 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 348 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 360 Q F1 (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 372 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +1.585(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 396 Q +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 396 Q (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 408 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +.507(If set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 432 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 432 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 (if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 456 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 468 R F1(On) +(page\255completions \(On\))108 456 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 468 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F (tions at a time.)144 480 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 492 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 492 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 F(order)144 516 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 528 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +F0 .699(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 552 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 552 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 564 S(adline) .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 576 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 588 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 588 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 600 R(bell.)144 612 Q F1 -(sho)108 624 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 636 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 648 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(sho)108 624 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 636 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 648 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 660 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 660 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 672 Q F1 -(sho)108 684 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 -(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 672 Q F1 +(sho)108 684 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F (command, or vi insertion.)144 708 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(43)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(43)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 96 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +SF(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 96 R +F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 108 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 120 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 132 Q +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 132 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 144 Q F0 .518(If the)144 -156 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 144 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +156 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -168 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476(The v) -5.476 F(alue)-.25 E 1.236(is e)144 180 R 1.236(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.736 -(eak)-.1 G 1.536 -.15(ey b)-3.836 H 1.236 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.235 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .314(escape sequences is a)144 192 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.814(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.814 F -.315(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ +168 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475(The v) +5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 180 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.735 +(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 +(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 192 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F +.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 204 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 216 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 228 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.018 G .517 +144 204 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 216 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 228 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +-.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -240 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) -5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 252 S 1.93(panded lik).15 F 4.43 -(eak)-.1 G 2.23 -.15(ey b)-4.53 H 1.929 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.929 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .314(escape sequences is a)144 264 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.814(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.814 F -.315(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ +240 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 252 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F +4.429(eak)-.1 G 2.229 -.15(ey b)-4.529 H 1.929 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.93 +(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 264 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F +.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 276 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 +144 276 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le') -3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 312 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 328.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 340.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 352.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 +(which allo)108 352.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 381.6 Q F0(The)144 381.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 381.6 Q F0(The)144 381.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F (or the application using readline.)144 393.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E (,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 405.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 422.4 Q F0(The)180 422.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) -3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +144 422.4 Q F0(The)180 422.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065(mode. This)180 434.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 @@ -5482,49 +5488,49 @@ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F (out in emacs mode.)180 458.4 Q F1(term)144 475.2 Q F0(The)180 475.2 Q -F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 487.2 R +F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 487.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 499.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 499.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 511.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 528 S(rsion).1 E F0(The) -180 540 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 +180 540 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 (ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 552 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)3.928 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.928 G 1.428 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.429 -(set of comparison operators)3.929 F(includes)180 564 Q F1(=)2.606 E F0 -2.606(,\()C(and)-2.606 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1 +(ve)3.929 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.929 G 1.428 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.428 +(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 564 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0 +2.605(,\()C(and)-2.605 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1 (<=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(>=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(<)2.606 E F0 2.606(,a)C(nd) -2.606 E F1(>)2.606 E F0 5.106(.T)C .106(he v)-5.106 F .106 -(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.471 +(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.472 (of the operator consists of a major v)180 576 R 1.471(ersion number) --.15 F 3.972(,a)-.4 G 3.972(no)-3.972 G 1.472 -(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.972 F .767(optional minor v)180 588 R -.767(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.267 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B -.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.266 E F0(.)A -1.755(The operator may be separated from the string)180 600 R F1 -.1(ve) -4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.756(and from the v)4.256 F 1.756(ersion number) +-.15 F 3.971(,a)-.4 G 3.971(no)-3.971 G 1.471 +(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 588 R +.766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B +.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A +1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 600 R F1 -.1(ve) +4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number) -.15 F(ar)180 612 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 628.8 Q F0(The)180 640.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 652.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 664.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 676.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +664.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 676.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 688.8 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 688.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 712.8 Q F0 (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 724.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(44)200.665 -E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(44) +185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5533,15 +5539,15 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E ("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($endif)180 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 112.8 Q F0(The)180 124.8 Q F2 -(variable)3.777 E F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +(variable)3.776 E F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 136.8 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 -(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 (ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ -or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 148.8 R .129 -(the v)180 160.8 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 -F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 148.8 R .13 +(the v)180 160.8 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F +.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F (tested. Boolean v)180 172.8 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 189.6 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) @@ -5549,67 +5555,67 @@ F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F (command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 206.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) 144 206.4 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 -223.2 Q F0 .357(This directi)144 235.2 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E -.357(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +223.2 Q F0 .356(This directi)144 235.2 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E +.356(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 247.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 ($include)144 271.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 288 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 300 R .834 +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 300 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 312 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 312 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 328.8 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 328.8 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 340.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 352.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 (acters present in the v)108 364.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 376.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 388.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 -(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 400.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +F .097(mental search.)108 388.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 +(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 400.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) 108 417.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 -(search backw)108 429.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 441.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 429.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 441.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 453.6 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -465.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -482.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 494.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 453.6 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 465.6 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 482.4 +R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 494.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 511.2 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 523.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 540 Q F0 1.392 +rent line.)108 523.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 540 Q F0 1.391 (The follo)108 552 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 564 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 576 Q F2(point)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)3.411 -E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db) -.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 588 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 564 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 576 Q F2(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 588 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 604.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 @@ -5620,8 +5626,8 @@ E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 616.8 Q F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .3 664.8 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f) -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 (backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 688.8 Q F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(45)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(45)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5629,8 +5635,8 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q -.822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523 -(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 +.823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523 +(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F (ters and digits\).)144 108 Q F1(backward\255w)108 120 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) -.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 @@ -5641,24 +5647,24 @@ SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F (ters.)144 180 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 192 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -204 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 +204 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 (ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 216 Q F1(pr)108 228 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.89(Attempt to mo)144 240 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 +.891(Attempt to mo)144 240 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 (oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F -.891(vious ph)-.25 F .891(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87 -(This will not ha)144 252 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F -.87(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G +.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha) +144 252 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 +(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G 3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 264 Q(ysical line or if\ point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ -th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 276 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 -(Attempt to mo)144 288 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637(oint to the same ph) -.15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .638(xt ph)-.15 F .638 -(ysical screen line. 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If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F @@ -5687,115 +5693,115 @@ E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 (re v)108 556.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.47(Search backw)144 568.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 +1.471(Search backw)144 568.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 580.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 592.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 604.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 604.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) -.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 616.8 Q F1 (non\255incr)108 628.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) 144 640.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 652.8 S (tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 664.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 676.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 676.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 688.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 700.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 712.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 712.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F (and the point.)144 724.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(46)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(46)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) 144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\ een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard \ -through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ -he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 144 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard\ + through the history for the string of characters between the start of \ +the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 +144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 (line. This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 (history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 -(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) -5.318 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +.249(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 +(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) +5.319 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G <4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 -240 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.294 E F0 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 +240 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.294 E F0 3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 264 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 264 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 -F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 -E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 +E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 348 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 +1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 348 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 (through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .622 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .623 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .939 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .938 (Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 456 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 468 R 1.626 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 -(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 456 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 468 R 1.627 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 +(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 (belo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 504 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 504 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 576 Q F0 .947 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 576 Q F0 .948 (Accept the current line for e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 -(history for editing.)144 600 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 +(history for editing.)144 600 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) -.18 F(the current line.)144 612 Q F1 @@ -5808,92 +5814,92 @@ H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 664.8 Q(or Changing T) -.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 676.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 (The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 688.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 -(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 +(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 700.8 R -.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F (as the end of input and returns)144 712.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(47)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(47)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .442 +SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441 (Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 120 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 +108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 (.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 +(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C -(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C +(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) 108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 276 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 +108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 (ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 -R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05 +R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 312 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -336 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 492 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G -(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 -516 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 -(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 -(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 528 R .958 -(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 -(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 -F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 556.8 Q -(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 -580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) 144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 @@ -5901,25 +5907,25 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(48)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(48)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) @@ -5927,14 +5933,14 @@ SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .729 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 168 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 204 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 216 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 @@ -5942,15 +5948,15 @@ Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) 144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 324 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 348 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 @@ -5961,36 +5967,36 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .778(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 544.8 R .823 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) 87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 621.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 @@ -5998,27 +6004,27 @@ E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -717.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 July 8)151.505 E(49)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(49)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .828 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 -(n)3.227 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 +(n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 (ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q @@ -6033,7 +6039,7 @@ BP 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 (delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 @@ -6059,10 +6065,10 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .58 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581 (Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -6070,14 +6076,14 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 (Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -6093,14 +6099,14 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 -(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E -(50)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(50)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6108,18 +6114,18 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 (Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) --.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.249 +4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) +-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 (bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 168 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.238 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.239 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 F(meta\214ed lo)144 192 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) -5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E (wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 204 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 @@ -6138,61 +6144,60 @@ F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F (Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 -348 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) 144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 384 S -.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 420 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.827 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) -.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .244 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 +516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 (the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 624 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 624 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 660 R .176 +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -6205,231 +6210,231 @@ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) .872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(51)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(51)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 156 R .304 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 156 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 204 Q +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F -.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 -G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0 .057 -(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 +(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 -F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 +F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 405.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ d to generate the list of matching w)108 422.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 434.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 451.2 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 475.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 492 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 504 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 516 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 532.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 544.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +544.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 556.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 556.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 568.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -580.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 +580.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 592.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E -F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 621.6 R -.2 +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 621.6 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 -(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 -645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 -(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C -2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) --.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) --2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 681.6 -R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 693.6 R -.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C +2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) +-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 681.6 +R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 693.6 R +.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(52)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(52)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457 (iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456 -(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)108 96 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E -(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 -F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1 -2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di) -.1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi) -.4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It) -108 124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to t\ -he standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F -(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 +(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F +2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 +.081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581 +(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 +124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the s\ +tandard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F +(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 153.6 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 165.6 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 177.6 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 165.6 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 177.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 189.6 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 189.6 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -230.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 +230.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .247 +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .246 (If the pre)108 259.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 271.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 300 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 316.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 316.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 376.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .633(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .632(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 429.6 + to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 429.6 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -446.4 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +446.4 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 (tion with a def)108 458.4 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ uld be retried by returning an e)108 470.4 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .666 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .665 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .666 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 506.4 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F -.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F +E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F (the command, the follo)108 547.2 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 @@ -6437,30 +6442,30 @@ E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 564 Q({)108 576 Q 6(.") 144 588 S(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 600 Q (complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 612 Q -/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 640.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 -(When the)108 652.8 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 -(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 664.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 -(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) -2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429 -(mands to sa)108 676.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2 -(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. 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The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 688.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.787 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 700.8 -S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 +S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.815 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F5(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(53)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E F5(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(53)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6470,175 +6475,177 @@ BP (The \214le named by the v)108 84 R .315(alue of)-.25 F/F1 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315(is truncated, if necessary) 2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315 -(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F1 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.158 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .658 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .659 (is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 108 S .142 (lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.605 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 -(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E F0 +.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. 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If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 240 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 -(The b)108 256.8 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) -2.799 E F1 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R -(The)5.471 E F3(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 +(The b)108 256.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R +(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 (manipulate the history \214le.)108 280.8 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 309.6 -R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 309.6 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G -.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 (cmdhist)108 333.6 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 345.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 381.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 398.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e) -108 410.4 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 -F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section) --5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va) --.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F -.87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -2.013(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 +(The shell supports a history e)108 410.4 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 446.4 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 463.2 R 1.306 +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 463.2 R 1.305 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 -(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 +(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 504 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ -read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .251 +read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .252 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 -(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 528 Q .146 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 528 Q .145 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .767 -(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F5(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) --.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F .538 -(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f)-.1 F -.539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538 +(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f)-.1 F +.538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 (-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1 -F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 588 R .355 +F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 588 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) -3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 -600 R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) +3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 600 +R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 612 R (string.)108 624 Q(Se)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 652.8 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.162 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 693.6 R F3 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 693.6 R F3 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F3(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 705.6 R -5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 717.6 R F3 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F3 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F3(histr)108 729.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 717.6 R F3 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F3 -.18(re)4.015 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F3(histr)108 729.6 +Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 July 8)151.505 E(54)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(54)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S --.25(ff).2 G 1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF3.66 E F0 1.16(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.661 G 1.161(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15 -(ex)108 96 S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F1 -2.556 E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.555 G .055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +-.25(ff).2 G 1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF3.661 E F0 1.161(option to the)3.661 F F1(history) +3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 96 S +.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F12.555 E +F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056 +(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 124.8 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -136.8 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +136.8 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F (mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1 -(Ev)87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve) +(Ev)87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) + history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) 108 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 (ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 206.4 -Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.608 +Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.607 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F (\(when the)144 218.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 @@ -6654,42 +6661,42 @@ n in the history list containing)144 302.4 R F2(string)144 314.4 Q F0 5 (.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2 (string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.) -.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 331.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2 -(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 338.4 R .783 -(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) -3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .784(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 350.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 +(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 338.4 R .784 +(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) +3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F2(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 +E -.25(va)-.25 G .783(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 350.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 (string1)A F0(/)A F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1 (Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 362.4 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)144 362.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 379.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 391.2 S 1.314 +-.75(Wo)87 379.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 391.2 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 403.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 403.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 415.2 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 427.2 Q +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 415.2 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 427.2 Q F1 2.5(0\()108 444 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 456 Q 2.5 (ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2 (n)108.36 468 Q F0(The)144 468 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) 108 480 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 480 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 -E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 492 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 492 R 2.563 -(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 -F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 492 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 492 R 2.564 +(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 +F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063 (ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 504 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%) 108 516 Q F0(The w)144 516 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2 (string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 528 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 528 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E -(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 540 Q F0 .316 -(All of the w)144 540 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 +(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 540 Q F0 .315 +(All of the w)144 540 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 (This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 -(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 552 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 +(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 552 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 564 Q F0(Abbre)144 564 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad> 108 576 Q F0(Abbre)144 576 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E @@ -6697,9 +6704,9 @@ F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064 (If a w)108 592.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 609.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 621.6 R .183 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +(Modi\214ers)87 609.6 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 621.6 R .184 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 (wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 633.6 Q F1(h)108 650.4 Q F0(Remo)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) @@ -6713,7 +6720,7 @@ F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064 (ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 710.4 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)144 710.4 Q (ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 July 8)151.505 E(55)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(55)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6724,60 +6731,60 @@ SF(x)108 84 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 84 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1 (q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 108 Q F2(ne) -3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old) +3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old) 2.951 E F0 .221(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An) -5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616 +5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617 (of /.)144 120 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 F .666(be quoted in)144 132 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 144 R(If) -5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 -(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775(fn) --2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 144 R(If) +5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) +-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 156 Q F2(string)2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) 108 168 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 168 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) -108 180 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 192 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 -(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +108 180 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 192 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 204 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 216 Q F0(.)A +-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 216 Q F0(.)A F1(G)108 228 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 228 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 ('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 244.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 256.8 +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 256.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ receded by)-.2 F F1108 268.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 280.8 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 280.8 R F1 2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 292.8 R .261 -(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 +2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 292.8 R .26 +(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F12.76 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) 108 304.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 334.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 346.8 R .452 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 346.8 R .451 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 358.8 R +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 358.8 R (return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 375.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 387.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 @@ -6790,70 +6797,70 @@ F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 .608(names in)144 423.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 435.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 435.6 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 (\214le is found in)144 447.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -459.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +459.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F (y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 471.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +(\214lename)144 471.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 483.6 Q F1(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) -3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 483.6 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) +3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 -(trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 +(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 (restored around the call to)144 495.6 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 (cutes. If).15 F F12.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 (not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 507.6 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 (completes. The)144 519.6 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 (xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 531.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 548.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 560.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 560.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E F2(name)144 572.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 584.4 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 584.4 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 (tution when the alias is e)144 596.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 608.4 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 608.4 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 620.4 Q F1(bg)108 637.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -649.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 661.2 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 +649.2 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 661.2 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 (when job control is disabled or)144 673.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 685.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 685.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 July 8)151.505 E(56)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(56)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6870,28 +6877,28 @@ F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G (yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 132 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(:)A F2 -.37(re)C(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 -144 R F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G -.239(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 156 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(:)A F2 -.37(re)C(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 +144 R F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G +.239(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 156 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 180 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 192 -Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 204 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 -E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659 -(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F2 -.1(ke) -180 216 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 204 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 +E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.658 +(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E F2 -.1(ke) +180 216 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 228 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert)4.113 -E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 +(vi\255command)180 228 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert)4.114 +E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 (lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 240 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +-.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 240 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 (emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 252 Q F0 (List the names of all)180 252 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 @@ -6924,164 +6931,164 @@ E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 396 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 180 456 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G (yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-) -4.325 E(mand)180 468 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 +4.325 E(mand)180 468 Q F0 1.764(is e)4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 (cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) 4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 --.18(re)180 480 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 +-.18(re)180 480 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 (fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 -492 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 +492 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 504 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 504 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 516 -Q F0 .829(List all k)180 516 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +Q F0 .83(List all k)180 516 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) .15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 528 Q(The return v) 144 544.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 561.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 573.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +E F1(br)108 561.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 +(Exit from within a)144 573.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 585.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 -(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.555 +E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 585.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 +(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 597.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 (bu)108 614.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 626.4 Q .793 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 626.4 Q .792 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 +F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -638.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +638.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 650.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 662.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E (uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 691.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 691.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 703.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 703.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 715.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 -(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ +.254(subroutine call.)144 715.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 727.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(57)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +ent e)144 727.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(57)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(This e)144 84 Q -(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. 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The)144 96 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.02 G +(pr).2 E F0 .52(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 108 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(|[)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 -(]] [\255@]] [)A F1(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to) -144 136.8 R F1(dir)2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F1(dir)2.821 E F0 -.322(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) --.25 F 1.036(the def)144 148.8 R 3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G -1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1 -(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E -.849(the search path for the directory containing)144 160.8 R F1(dir) -3.349 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.35 E --.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F1(dir)144 172.8 -Q F0 5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(]] [\255@]] [)A F1(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to) +144 136.8 R F1(dir)2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F1(dir)2.822 E F0 +.321(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) +-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 148.8 R 3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G +1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1 +(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 160.8 R F1(dir)3.35 E +F0 3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F1(dir)144 172.8 Q +F0 5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 (irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 184.8 Q F3(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 184.8 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 -(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 +(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 196.8 Q -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F22.691 E F0 +G(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F22.691 E F0 .191(option causes)2.691 F F2(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F -.19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +.191(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 (symbolic links while tra)144 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) 3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F1(..)3.62 E F0 (in)3.62 E F1(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F23.62 E F0 .395(option to the)144 220.8 R F2(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 (iltin command\); the).2 F F22.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 232.8 R F1 +-.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 232.8 R F1 (..)2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F1(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F1(..) 2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F1(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 +(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 E .744(the immediately pre)144 244.8 R .744 (vious pathname component from)-.25 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 (ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.244 E -F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 256.8 R F23.965 E F0 1.465 -(option is supplied with)3.965 F F23.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 -(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 +F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 256.8 R F23.966 E F0 1.466 +(option is supplied with)3.966 F F23.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 +(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 (determined after a successful directory change,)144 268.8 R F2(cd)2.968 -E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) -5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 280.8 R F22.836 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 +E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) +5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 280.8 R F22.837 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) 144 292.8 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F23.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.106(empty directory name from)144 304.8 R F3(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F22.607 E F0 .107 -(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F +.107(empty directory name from)144 304.8 R F3(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F22.607 E F0 .106 +(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F .038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 316.8 R 2.538 (ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) -2.638 F(The return v)144 328.8 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E (as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 357.6 Q F1(command)2.764 E F0(with) -3.334 E F1(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 369.6 R -F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 357.6 Q F1(command)2.765 E F0(with) +3.335 E F1(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 369.6 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 381.6 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 381.6 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 393.6 R F22.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F22.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 405.6 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F2 -144 417.6 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F22.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F22.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 429.6 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +5.399 E .174(either the)144 393.6 R F22.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F22.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 405.6 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F2144 417.6 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 429.6 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 441.6 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 453.6 S +(command)144.2 441.6 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 453.6 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 (compgen)108 470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 482.4 R +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 482.4 R F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 494.4 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 494.4 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 506.4 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F2 -2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F -.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 518.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 506.4 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F22.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 +F(mable completion f)144 518.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 542.4 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ @@ -7091,29 +7098,29 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 590.4 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 607.2 Q F0([)3.405 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.405(][)C -F2-3.405 E F1(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404 +(complete)108 607.2 Q F0([)3.404 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.404(][)C +F2-3.404 E F1(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F1(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2 -3.404 E F1(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F1(wor) -3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F1(func-)3.404 E +3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.405(][)C F2-3.405 E F1(func-)3.405 E (tion)108 619.2 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([) 144 631.2 Q F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 (pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78> -.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2 (complete \255pr)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 655.2 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G --.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633 -(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F23.134 E F0 -.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) +(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 655.2 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G +-.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634 +(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F23.133 E F0 +.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) 144 667.2 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) --.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 (reused as input.)144 679.2 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 691.2 R(The)6.208 E -F23.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 703.2 R(`def)-.74 E +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 691.2 R(The)6.207 E +F23.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 703.2 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 715.2 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 @@ -7121,63 +7128,63 @@ F23.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) (option indicates that)3.455 F 2.87 (other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 727.2 R (`empty')-.74 E 5.37('c)-.74 G 2.87(ommand completion; that is,)-5.37 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(58)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(58)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.452 -(completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 R(The)6.452 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.951 E F0 1.451 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.451 +(completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 R(The)6.451 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF3.951 E F0 1.452 (option indicates that other supplied options and)3.951 F .331 (actions should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 -96 R .332(ord on the line, or after a com-)-.1 F .119 +96 R .331(ord on the line, or after a com-)-.1 F .118 (mand delimiter such as)144 108 R F1(;)2.618 E F0(or)2.618 E F1(|)2.618 E F0 2.618(,w)C .118(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.618 F -.118(If multiple options are)5.118 F 1.003(supplied, the)144 120 R F1 -3.503 E F0 1.003(option tak)3.503 F 1.004(es precedence o)-.1 F +.119(If multiple options are)5.118 F 1.004(supplied, the)144 120 R F1 +3.504 E F0 1.004(option tak)3.504 F 1.004(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F13.504 E F0 3.504(,a)C 1.004(nd both tak) -3.504 F 3.504(ep)-.1 G 1.004(recedence o)-3.504 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 -E F13.504 E F0 6.004(.I)C 3.504(fa)-6.004 G 1.304 -.15(ny o)-3.504 +E F13.503 E F0 6.003(.I)C 3.503(fa)-6.003 G 1.303 -.15(ny o)-3.503 H(f).15 E F1144 132 Q F0(,)A F13.082 E F0 3.082(,o)C(r) -3.082 E F13.082 E F0 .582(are supplied, an)3.082 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.082 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.082 E F0(ar)3.082 E .582 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply)-.18 F -(to the case speci\214ed by the option.)144 144 Q 1.437 +(to the case speci\214ed by the option.)144 144 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -168 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 180 Q +168 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 180 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 204 R .856 -.15(ve t) +F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 204 R .855 -.15(ve t) -.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 -3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 216 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 -3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F13.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 +3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 216 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 228 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 240 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 252 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 252 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 264 Q F2 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 276 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 288 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 300 Q -F1(default)184 312 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 312 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G -(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +F1(default)184 312 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 312 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) 224 324 Q F1(dir)184 336 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 348 Q F1(\214lenames)184 360 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 372 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 384 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 (cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 396 R .45 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 408 Q F1(noquote) 184 420 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 420 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F (\214lenames is the def)224 432 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 444 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 444 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 456 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 456 S @@ -7185,7 +7192,7 @@ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 456 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 456 S F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 468 Q F1 (plusdirs)184 480 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 480 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 492 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 492 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 504 Q F1144 516 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 528 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -7204,8 +7211,8 @@ Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 660 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 684 Q F0(Names of e)224 684 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 696 Q F0(File names.)224 696 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(59)200.665 E 0 -Cg EP +2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(59) +185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7236,316 +7243,316 @@ E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 288 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 300 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 312 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 312 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 324 Q F1144 336 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +184 324 Q F1144 336 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 (The shell function)184 348 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 360 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 360 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 (are being completed, the second ar)184 372 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 384 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 396 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 384 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 396 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) -.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 408 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 420 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 432 R -1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 444 Q +F1144 420 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 432 R +1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 444 Q F1144 456 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 468 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 480 Q F1144 492 Q F3(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 492 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 504 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 516 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 -(each resultant w)184 528 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 -F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 -3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 540 Q .766 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 516 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 +(each resultant w)184 528 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) +-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 +E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 540 Q .765 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 552 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 552 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.464 F(match the w)184 564 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 576 -Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 588 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +6.465 F(match the w)184 564 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 576 +Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 588 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 600 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 612 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 624 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 640.8 R .466 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 640.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 652.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 664.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 652.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 664.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F1(compopt)108 681.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 693.6 R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 705.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 705.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 717.6 Q F3(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 729.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 729.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) -5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(60)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(60)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.227(the `)144 84 -R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(ommand completion; that\ - is, completion attempted on a command for which no)-3.727 F 2.039 -(completion has pre)144 96 R 2.039(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The) -7.038 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.538 E F0 2.038 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 -(should apply to `)144 108 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.228(the `)144 84 +R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(ommand completion; that\ + is, completion attempted on a command for which no)-3.728 F 2.038 +(completion has pre)144 96 R 2.038(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The) +7.038 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.538 E F0 2.039 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 +(should apply to `)144 108 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.038 F(The)144 120 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that othe\ +-4.039 F(The)144 120 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that othe\ r supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F -.867(assignment w)144 132 R .868 +.868(assignment w)144 132 R .868 (ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) --3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 144 Q 1.388(The return v)144 168 R -1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 144 Q 1.387(The return v)144 168 R +1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F (options for a)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 196.8 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 208.8 R 1.753 +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 208.8 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 220.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 220.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 /Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 232.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 244.8 Q F1(declar)108 261.6 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 244.8 Q F1(declar)108 261.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 (typeset)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 285.6 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 285.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 297.6 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 309.6 Q F2(name)2.775 E -F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) -2.774 F(without)144 321.6 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 333.6 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 297.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 309.6 Q F2(name)2.774 E +F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) +2.775 F(without)144 321.6 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 333.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F13.682 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 345.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 (ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 -357.6 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ -y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 +357.6 R(The)6.29 E F13.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ +of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 (name and attrib)144 369.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) 5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 381.6 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 393.6 Q F1 -3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F13.891 E F0 1.391 -(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 +3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F13.892 E F0 1.391 +(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 405.6 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 -(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F -(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 417.6 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 429.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 405.6 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 +(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F +(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 417.6 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 429.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1144 441.6 Q F0(Each)180 441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 (Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 453.6 Q F0(Each)180 453.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) -.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 465.6 Q F0(Use function names only) -180 465.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 .558(The v)180 477.6 R .558 +180 465.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 477.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 489.6 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) -2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 501.6 Q -F0 .909(When the v)180 501.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +F0 .91(When the v)180 501.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 513.6 R +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 513.6 R (upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 525.6 -Q F0(Gi)180 525.6 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 -(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +Q F0(Gi)180 525.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0 +(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.518(That other v)180 537.6 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 -F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 549.6 Q .227 +1.519(That other v)180 537.6 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 549.6 Q .226 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F12.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 561.6 R -.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 561.6 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 F(applied to array v)180 573.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 -(Mak)180 585.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E -7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F -2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 -597.6 Q F1144 609.6 Q F0(Gi)180 609.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) -.15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +(Mak)180 585.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E +7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F +2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 +597.6 Q F1144 609.6 Q F0(Gi)180 609.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) 2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 -(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 (traps from the calling shell.)180 621.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 -633.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 633.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +633.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 633.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 -F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 645.6 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 645.6 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1 144 657.6 Q F0(Mark)180 657.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 (Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 674.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0 -.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 686.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0 +.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 686.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 698.4 Q F1 -(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 -E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 -(command, unless the)3.544 F F13.544 E F0 1.205 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 698.4 Q F1 +(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 +E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(command, unless the)3.543 F F13.543 E F0 1.205 (option is supplied.)144 710.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 722.4 Q F0 6.879(.W)C 1.879 -(hen using)-6.879 F F14.379 E F0(or)4.379 E F14.379 E F0 -1.879(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)4.379 F -(ariables,)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(61)200.665 -E 0 Cg EP +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 722.4 Q F0 6.88(.W)C 1.88 +(hen using)-6.88 F F14.38 E F0(or)4.38 E F14.379 E F0 1.879 +(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)4.379 F(ariables,) +-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(61)185.115 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .568 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .567 (additional attrib)144 84 R .568(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.068(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.068 G .568(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .568 -(The return v)5.568 F .567(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F .435(an in)144 96 R +(The return v)5.568 F .568(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F .435(an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 G .435(lid option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\ \214ne a function using).25 F/F1 10/Courier@0 SF .435(\255f foo=bar) -2.935 F F0 2.935(,a)C(n)-2.935 E .188(attempt is made to assign a v)144 -108 R .188(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .187 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .187(alue to an)-.25 F -1.748(array v)144 120 R 1.748 +2.935 F F0 2.935(,a)C(n)-2.935 E .187(attempt is made to assign a v)144 +108 R .187(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .188 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .188(alue to an)-.25 F +1.749(array v)144 120 R 1.749 (ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748 (\), one of the).15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)144 132 Q F0 .359 -(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359 +(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359 (ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359 -(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 144 R 1.213 +(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 144 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) -.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 156 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F2 2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 172.8 Q F3(n)A F2 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F3(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 184.8 S .329 +-2.5 E F3(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 184.8 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 196.8 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 208.8 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 220.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 232.8 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 232.8 Q -F2144 244.8 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 244.8 R .882 +F2144 244.8 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 244.8 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 256.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 268.8 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 268.8 Q F2 -144 280.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 280.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 -(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 292.8 Q F2(+)144 304.8 Q F3(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)180 304.8 R F3(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +144 280.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 280.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 292.8 Q F2(+)144 304.8 Q F3(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 304.8 R F3(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 316.8 Q F2144 328.8 Q F3 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 328.8 R F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q .257(The return v)144 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q .258(The return v)144 357.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) .15 F(tory stack.)144 369.6 Q F2(diso)108 386.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 398.4 S .122 +(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 398.4 S .121 (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 410.4 R F22.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F22.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F3(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 422.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 422.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 434.4 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F3(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 446.4 R F2 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F3(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 458.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 446.4 R F2 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F3(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 458.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F2(echo)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 487.2 R F3(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 487.2 R F3(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 499.2 R(If)5.308 E F22.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F22.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 499.2 R(If)5.307 E F22.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F22.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 511.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F23.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 +6.348 E F23.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 (interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 523.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 -(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -535.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 -F F2(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 -(these escape characters by def)144 547.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.716 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F23.216 E F0 .715 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.715 E F0 +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 +(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +535.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 +F F2(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 +(these escape characters by def)144 547.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.715 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F23.216 E F0 .716 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.716 E F0 (interprets the follo)144 559.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) 144 571.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 571.2 Q F2(\\b)144 583.2 Q F0 (backspace)180 583.2 Q F2(\\c)144 595.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 @@ -7560,157 +7567,157 @@ E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2 (\\x)144 715.2 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 715.2 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(62)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(62)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\u)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 120 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +SF(\\u)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 120 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) -2.5 E F1(enable)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 (the same name as a shell b)144 184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 (the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 (abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 220.8 R -.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S 1.525 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 220.8 +R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 244.8 Q F1 -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 256.8 R F1 -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 256.8 R F1 +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 268.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 280.8 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 292.8 R F12.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 304.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 292.8 R F12.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 304.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 316.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 333.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 345.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 357.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 345.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C +.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F +.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 357.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) -2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 369.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 398.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 410.4 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 398.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 410.4 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 422.4 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 434.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 422.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 434.4 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 446.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 446.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 458.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F -.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 458.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 470.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 482.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 --.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) --2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 482.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) +-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) .25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 494.4 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 511.2 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 511.2 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 523.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 552 Q F0 -.257(The supplied)144 564 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.256(The supplied)144 564 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 -(commands. If)144 576 R(the)2.626 E F12.626 E F0 .127 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 576 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1 -144 588 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 +144 588 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 600 S 1.446 +2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 600 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 612 S .742(lue of the v).25 -F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 624 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 636 Q F1(fc)108 652.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 612 S .741(lue of the v).25 +F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 624 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 636 Q F1(fc)108 652.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 664.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 676.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -688.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +688.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 700.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .189 -(is used as an of)144 712.8 R .189 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.189 E F2(last)2.78 -E F0 .19(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.37 F(-)-.2 E 2.644 +144 700.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19 +(is used as an of)144 712.8 R .19 +(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 +E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E 2.643 (rent command for listing \(so that)144 724.8 R F4 2.644 (fc \255l \25510)5.144 F F0 2.644(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -5.144 F F2<8c72>7.053 E(st)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(63)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +5.144 F F2<8c72>7.054 E(st)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(63)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.122 -(otherwise. If)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>5.032 E(st)-.1 E F0 -.622(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.802 F .623 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.123 +(otherwise. If)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>5.033 E(st)-.1 E F0 +.622(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.803 F .622 (vious command for editing and \25516 for list-)-.25 F(ing.)144 96 Q (The)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E @@ -7718,119 +7725,119 @@ F22.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 132 R .438(If the)5.438 F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F1 -(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.334(the editor gi)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F1 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 156 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F -.631(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT) -3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 -168 R .951(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F -.95(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 180 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 204 R F1 +(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 156 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 +F .631(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3 +(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v) +144 168 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 +F .951(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 +F -.15(exe)144 180 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 204 R F1 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 216 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> -2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .171 -(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E -(typing)144 228 Q F4 7.165(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165 -(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 -E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 240 Q .142 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 216 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72> +2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .172 +(r='fc \255s')2.672 F F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E +(typing)144 228 Q F4 7.166(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166 +(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 +E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 240 Q .142 (If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 264 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 276 R +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 276 R .454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 312 Q +300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 312 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 328.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 340.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +144 340.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 352.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 352.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 364.8 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 376.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 393.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 417.6 R .149 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 429.6 Q .578 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +F2(getopts)108 393.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 417.6 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 429.6 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 441.6 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 453.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 -3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G -3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 465.6 Q .085 +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 +(option in the shell v)144 453.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 +3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 465.6 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 (or a shell script is in)144 477.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 -(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 489.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 +(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 +(into the v)144 489.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 (reset between multiple calls to)144 501.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 513.6 -Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 537.6 R F2(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 513.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 537.6 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 549.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 573.6 Q F0 2.392 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 -585.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 609.6 Q F0 1.166 -(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 -(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 573.6 Q F0 .485 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E +(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 585.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E +F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 609.6 Q F0 1.165 +(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 +(is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 (reporting is used.)144 621.6 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -633.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 645.6 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 669.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -681.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 693.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 -717.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 -(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 729.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(64)200.665 E 0 -Cg EP +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 633.6 +R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F +(will be displayed, e)144 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0 +(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 669.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 +(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) +3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +681.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 693.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +717.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 +(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144 729.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F2 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(64) +185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7841,7 +7848,7 @@ BP SF(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E /F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)144 108 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 120 Q F3(hash)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 @@ -7850,35 +7857,35 @@ G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 (the directories in)144 160.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 172.8 -R F32.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 -(of the command.)144 184.8 R(The)6.711 E F34.211 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F34.212 E F0 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 172.8 +R F32.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 +(of the command.)144 184.8 R(The)6.712 E F34.212 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F34.211 E F0 .833(option causes the shell to for)144 196.8 R .833 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F33.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 208.8 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 208.8 R F1(name) +3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F +F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 220.8 R F33.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 .795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F3 3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -232.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 244.8 Q F32.822 E F0 .322 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 256.8 Q F1(name)2.86 +232.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 244.8 Q F32.821 E F0 .321 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F +.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 256.8 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) .25 E F3(help)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 285.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -297.6 R F1(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +297.6 R F1(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 309.6 Q F3 144 321.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 321.6 Q F1 (pattern)2.5 E F3144 333.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) @@ -7895,13 +7902,13 @@ E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 362.4 Q F1 -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 463.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 -F F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.88 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F1 -(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +2.881 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 499.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -7912,93 +7919,93 @@ F F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 535.2 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 Q F3 -144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 (Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) -.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) -2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) --2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 -571.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) +-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 571.2 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 (ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 583.2 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F3(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F3 -144 595.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F0 .758 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 607.2 R F1(start)3.258 -E F0(and)3.257 E F1(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) --.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) +144 595.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F0 .757 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 607.2 R F1(start)3.257 +E F0(and)3.258 E F1(end)3.258 E F0 3.258(,i)C(nclusi)-3.258 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5.758(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.758 E 1.058 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .758(nd ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 619.2 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H (alues for)-.1 E F1(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0 (are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3 -144 631.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 631.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 -('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +144 631.2 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 631.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 (These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 643.2 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3144 655.2 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 655.2 R .772 +le into the current history list.)180 655.2 R .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 667.2 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E (sion.)180 679.2 Q F3144 691.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 691.2 Q F3 144 703.2 Q F0 (Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F3144 715.2 Q F0 .626 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F3144 715.2 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 715.2 R(wing)-.25 E F1 -(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) +(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard) 3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 727.2 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(65)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(65)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(normal history e) -180 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +180 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)180 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 108 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 124.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 124.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 136.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 148.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 136.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 148.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 (are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 160.8 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 172.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 172.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 184.8 Q(fset) --.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +-.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 -F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 196.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 213.6 Q F0([) +F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 196.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 213.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 (jobs \255x)108 225.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 237.6 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 249.6 Q F1 -144 261.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 261.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 273.6 Q F1 +144 261.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 261.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 273.6 Q F1 144 285.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 285.6 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 297.6 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)180 297.6 Q F1144 309.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 309.6 Q(If)144 326.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 338.4 Q -.25 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 309.6 Q(If)144 326.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 +E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 338.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 355.2 R F1 -2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 355.2 R F1 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 367.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E @@ -8006,58 +8013,58 @@ F1(kill)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 (kill \255l)108 396 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 -408 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 -(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 420 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 432 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by) +144 408 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 +(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 +(either a case-insensiti)144 420 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 432 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 444 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 444 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) .15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 456 R .28 (guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 468 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 -2.877 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 480 R +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 468 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1 +2.878 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 480 R (The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E (successfully sent, or f)144 492 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 508.8 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -520.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 532.8 Q F2(ar) +520.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 532.8 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 561.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 573.6 Q 3.152(yo) --.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) -3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 573.6 Q 3.153(yo) +-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar) +3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -585.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +585.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 597.6 R F1 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 609.6 R F1(set)4.063 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 621.6 R 1.243 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 -(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 +(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 609.6 R F1(set)4.062 +E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 621.6 R 1.244 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 +(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 (error to use)144 633.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) @@ -8075,25 +8082,25 @@ F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 703.2 R +(])A .18(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 715.2 R -F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 727.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(66) -200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(arr)2.679 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.679(,o).32 G 2.679(rf)-2.679 G .179 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.679 F F2(fd)4.649 E F0 1.248(if the)144 715.2 +R F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.249 F(ha)144 727.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E +(66)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .91(The \214rst character of)180 84 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 +SF144 84 Q F0 .911(The \214rst character of)180 84 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 (wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 96 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) 2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 108 Q F0(Cop)180 108 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm) @@ -8111,33 +8118,33 @@ Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 180 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 180 Q F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 196.8 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 196.8 Q F12.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 208.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 -G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 220.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 208.8 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 220.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 232.8 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 249.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 266.4 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 278.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 266.4 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 278.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 295.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -319.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G +.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 +G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +319.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 331.2 Q F1144 343.2 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 343.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F @@ -8148,65 +8155,65 @@ F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 379.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) -.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 391.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 391.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(Remo)180 391.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E +F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 (zero. F)180 403.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -420 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) -3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 -F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 432 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 +420 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs) +3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 +F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 432 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 444 Q (ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 460.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 472.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 -E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 472.8 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 484.8 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 496.8 Q(The)144 520.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 496.8 Q(The)144 520.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 532.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 532.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 544.8 R .037 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 544.8 R .036 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 556.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 568.8 Q +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 568.8 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 580.8 Q F0(causes)180 580.8 Q F1(printf) -2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 592.8 Q(ay as) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 592.8 Q(ay as) -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 604.8 Q F0(causes)180 604.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F (input.)180 616.8 Q F1(%\()144 628.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 640.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 652.8 R F2 +180 640.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 652.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 664.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F -.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 (current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 676.8 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 688.8 R -.15 +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) +3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 688.8 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 700.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 717.6 Q -.464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ -ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 +.463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ +ts, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259 (minus sign is allo)144 729.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(67)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(67)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8214,119 +8221,119 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ASCII v)144 84 Q (alue of the follo)-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 100.8 Q -/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.424 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F1(ar)3.423 E +/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.423 E F0 .923 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E (guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F1(ar)144 112.8 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F1(ar)144 112.8 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 124.8 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+) -2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 153.6 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a direct\ -ory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the\ - ne)144 165.6 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416 +F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a direc\ +tory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making th\ +e ne)144 165.6 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417 (stack the current w)144 177.6 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W) -.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories) --2.917 E 1.625(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 +(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories) +-2.916 E 1.625(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 189.6 R 6.625(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha) .18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:) 144 201.6 Q F2144 213.6 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change o\ f directory when rotating or adding directories to the)180 213.6 R (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 225.6 Q F2(+)144 -237.6 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 237.6 R F1(n) -3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.267(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 249.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +237.6 Q F1(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 237.6 R F1(n) +3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.268(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 249.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 261.6 Q F1(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 261.6 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 273.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 285.6 Q F0(Adds)180 285.6 Q F1(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) --.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 285.6 Q F0(Adds)180 285.6 Q F1(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) +-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F (if it had been supplied as the ar)180 297.6 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 314.4 R F2(pushd) -2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 326.4 R F1(dir) -3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 -F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 338.4 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 314.4 R F2(pushd) +2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 326.4 R F1(dir) +3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) +-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 +(stack is empty)144 338.4 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) -.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 350.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 379.2 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 391.2 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 403.2 R(the)3.264 E F23.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 403.2 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 415.2 R -.25(va) -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 427.2 Q F2 -.18(re)108 444 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(aname) -3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 --3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1 -(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(nc) -3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(pr)3.816 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 456 Q F1(name)A F0 +.18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(aname) +3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 +-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1 +(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(nc) +3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(pr)3.817 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 456 Q F1(name)A F0 (...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ \214le descriptor)144 468 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 480 Q F23.848 E F0 1.348 -(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 480 Q F23.847 E F0 1.347 +(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 (assigned to the \214rst)144 492 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 F -.1(wo)144 504 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 (ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 516 Q F0 -5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) --.25 F .723 +5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) +-.25 F .722 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .532(assigned empty v)144 528 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 -(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 -(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 +F .531(assigned empty v)144 528 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 +(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 +(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 540 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 552 R F2(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m)C -.157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 +-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 552 R F2(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m)C +.156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 564 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 576 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049(The w) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 576 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) 180 588 R 1.049(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) --.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05 -(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F1(aname)180.33 600 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 +-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049 +(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F F1(aname)180.33 600 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 612 Q -F1(delim)2.5 E F0 1.318(The \214rst character of)180 624 R F1(delim) -3.818 E F0 1.317(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne) -3.818 F 3.817(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 636 Q F0 +F1(delim)2.5 E F0 1.317(The \214rst character of)180 624 R F1(delim) +3.817 E F0 1.317(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne) +3.817 F 3.818(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 636 Q F0 (is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 -144 648 Q F0 .372 +144 648 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 648 R F2 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 (to obtain the line.)180 660 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) 5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F (viously)-.25 E(acti)180 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G (diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 684 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 -E F0(If)180 684 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 696 Q(gins.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) -151.505 E(68)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +E F0(If)180 684 Q F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 696 Q(gins.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(68)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8334,52 +8341,52 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 --.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc) -3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F -1.394(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 108 Q +-.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc) +3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F +1.395(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 108 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 144 120 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 132 S(ad) -.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 144 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.274 F 1.002 +G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.275 F 1.003 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 156 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 168 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 180 S .669 +F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)3.502 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 168 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 180 S .67 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 192 Q F0(option belo) 2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F +180 216 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 (wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 (nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 240 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F .493(the line.)180 252 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) --.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493 +144 240 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 240 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 252 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab) +-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493 (wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 264 Q F1144 276 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 276 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 288 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 300 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +144 288 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 300 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 312 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 324 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -336 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 348 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +336 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 348 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 360 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 @@ -8389,42 +8396,42 @@ F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 384 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) .15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 -(If no)144 412.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 424.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .773 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 412.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 424.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .772 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F -.25(va)144 436.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F (descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 448.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 489.6 R -1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 501.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 489.6 R +1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 501.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 513.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 513.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 537.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 +.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 537.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 549.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -561.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 549.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +561.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) @@ -8432,146 +8439,146 @@ to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 537.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 (is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 585.6 Q F0 (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 602.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 614.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 614.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 (the return status is that of the last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E -F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 638.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 638.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144 -650.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E -F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39 +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 +650.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) +3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 (determine the status is the last command e)144 662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) -.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 -E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 -(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 +.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 (its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 710.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E 1.682 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E 1.683 (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 722.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)4.183 E F0(or)5.016 E -F1(sour)4.183 E(ce)-.18 E F0 6.683(.A)C -.15(ny)-6.683 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(69)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(xe)-.15 G 1.682(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)4.182 E F0(or)5.015 E +F1(sour)4.182 E(ce)-.18 E F0 6.682(.A)C -.15(ny)-6.682 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(69)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .366 -(command associated with the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)2.866 -E F0 .365(trap is e)2.866 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cuted before e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cution resumes after the func-).15 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .365 +(command associated with the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)2.865 +E F0 .365(trap is e)2.865 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cuted before e).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .366(cution resumes after the func-).15 F (tion or script.)144 96 Q F1(set)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 -E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S .835 +E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 148.8 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 160.8 R F2 .447(posix mode) -2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 160.8 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 172.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) --.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 184.8 R 1.624 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 172.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 184.8 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) 144 196.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 208.8 Q -F0 1.378(Each v)184 208.8 R 1.377 +F0 1.377(Each v)184 208.8 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 220.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 232.8 Q F0 .131 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 220.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 232.8 Q F0 .132 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 232.8 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 244.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 256.8 Q F0 -.088(Exit immediately if a)184 256.8 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 268.8 Q -F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 256.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 268.8 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) -.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08 +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 (The shell does not e)184 280.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 292.8 -Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 --.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 304.8 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) --.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 316.8 R -F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) --3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 328.8 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 292.8 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 304.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 316.8 R +F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) +-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E +-.25(va)184 328.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 (non-zero status because a command f)184 340.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 352.8 R 2.678 -(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 -(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 364.8 R .617 +F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 352.8 R 2.677 +(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 364.8 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 376.8 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 376.8 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 388.8 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 388.8 Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 406.8 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 -E F0 2.043(is being)4.543 F 1.436(ignored, none of the commands e)184 -418.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.435 -(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .193 -(body will be af)184 430.8 R .193(fected by the)-.25 F F12.693 E +E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 +418.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 +(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 +(body will be af)184 430.8 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F12.694 E F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 -2.693 E F0 .194(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) +2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) -.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 442.8 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F13.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 454.8 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F +(where)184 454.8 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F (or the command containing the function call completes.)184 466.8 Q F1 144 478.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 478.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 490.8 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -490.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 -502.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 514.8 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 514.8 R .514 +144 490.8 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +490.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 +502.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 514.8 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 514.8 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 526.8 Q F1 -144 538.8 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 538.8 R .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 +144 538.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 538.8 R .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 (on systems that support it \(see)184 550.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 562.8 R -.678(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ -g its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 574.8 S(it status.).15 E F1144 586.8 Q -F0 .652(Read commands b)184 586.8 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 562.8 R +.679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ +g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 574.8 S(it status.).15 E F1144 586.8 Q +F0 .653(Read commands b)184 586.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 598.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 610.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 622.8 Q F2 (option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 @@ -8585,8 +8592,8 @@ E F1144 610.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 622.8 Q F2 3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 706.8 R(also af)2.5 E (fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G (ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 718.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 -718.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E -(70)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +718.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(70)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8597,14 +8604,14 @@ SF(errtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (functrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 108 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (hashall)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (histexpand)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 156 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 156 R 3.087(,a) +(history)184 156 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 156 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 168 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -180 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 192 R 1.656 +180 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 192 R 1.657 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 204 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 216 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F12.5 @@ -8615,67 +8622,67 @@ F1(noglob)184 288 Q F0(Same as)224 288 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) (Same as)224 312 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 324 Q F0(Same as) 224 324 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 348 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 348 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 360 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 360 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 372 R -1.136 +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 360 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 360 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 372 +R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) -.15 F -.15(ex)224 384 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 396 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)224 396 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 396 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 408 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 -1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 420 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G -2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 420 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 432 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 444 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 456 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 468 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 480 Q F0 1.465 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 480 R 3.966(ace. This) --.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 +468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 480 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 480 R 3.965(ace. This) +-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 492 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 (xtrace)184 504 Q F0(Same as)224 504 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 522 Q -F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -534 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 -3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 -(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +534 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 546 Q F1 -144 558 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 558 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. 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In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 570 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 582 S +(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 594 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 (user \(group\) id, and the)184 606 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 618 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 618 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 630 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G -.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 630 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F (set to the real user and group ids.)184 642 Q F1144 654 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)184 654 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 666 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 666 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 +.15 E F1144 666 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 666 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 678 R 2.683 -(xpansion. 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If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 (able or parameter)184 690 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 702 Q F1144 714 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 714 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E -(71)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(71)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8685,38 +8692,38 @@ BP SF144 84 Q F0 .315(After e)184 84 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1 -(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 96 R F1 -.25 +(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 96 R F1 -.25 (fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 (xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E /F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F (mand and its e)184 108 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 -E(ord list.)-.1 E F1144 120 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e) +E(ord list.)-.1 E F1144 120 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e) 184 120 R 2.578(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F -F0(abo)5.078 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). 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The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 204 Q F1 +144 216 Q F0(Enable)184 216 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 228 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 240 Q F0 .959 (If set, the shell does not resolv)184 240 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 (that change the current w)184 252 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 264 R(def)2.686 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. 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The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 312 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 324 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 324 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 -(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q -F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +F0 .401(If no ar)184 324 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -348 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 348 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G -1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 360 R -F13.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B +348 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 348 R +F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G +1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 360 R +F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 372 Q .425(The options are of)144 388.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 412.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 424.8 Q F1(shift)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.583 -E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 477.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 501.6 Q F1(shopt)108 518.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 530.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 530.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 542.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 542.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 554.4 R .825 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.325 E F0 .826 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F -.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 566.4 R F2 -(optnames)3.052 E F0 .551 -(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549 -(options. The)144 578.4 R F12.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \ -to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other) -5.05 E(options ha)144 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 554.4 R .826 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F +.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 566.4 R F2 +(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 +(options. The)144 578.4 R F12.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ +o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 +E(options ha)144 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 602.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 602.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 614.4 Q F0 (Disable \(unset\) each)180 614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 626.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 626.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 638.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 -E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 650.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +tus indicates whether the)180 626.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 638.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 650.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 662.4 Q F0 (Restricts the v)180 662.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 679.2 R F1 -3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 679.2 R F1 +3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 (set or unset, respecti)144 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 703.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -720 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.044 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(72)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +720 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.045 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(72)185.115 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8810,170 +8818,171 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) 144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v) -3.196 F .696(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 96 Q(The list of)144 112.8 Q +3.196 F .695(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 96 Q(The list of)144 112.8 Q /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2 -(assoc_expand_once)144 130.8 Q F0 1.945 +(assoc_expand_once)144 130.8 Q F0 1.944 (If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 142.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 -(rray subscripts during).15 F 2.556(arithmetic e)184 154.8 R 2.556 -(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.556(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.557(cuting b).15 F 2.557(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F 2.557(arithmetic e)184 154.8 R 2.557 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.557(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.557(cuting b).15 F 2.556(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F (ariable)-.25 E(assignments, and while e)184 166.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2 -(autocd)144 178.8 Q F0 .2 +(autocd)144 178.8 Q F0 .199 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 178.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 190.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F2(cdable_v)144 202.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 214.8 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F2(cdable_v)144 202.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 214.8 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 226.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 238.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -238.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 250.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 262.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +238.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 250.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 262.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 274.8 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F2(checkhash)144 286.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 298.8 R F2(bash)3.236 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +.15 E F2(checkhash)144 286.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 298.8 R F2(bash)3.237 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 310.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 322.8 -Q F0 .449(If set,)184 334.8 R F2(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 346.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +Q F0 .448(If set,)184 334.8 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 346.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 (attempted without an interv)184 358.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 370.8 Q -.1(wa) +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 370.8 Q -.1(wa) -.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G (obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 382.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 394.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 406.8 Q 4.694(,u)-.65 G -2.194(pdates the v)-4.694 F 2.194(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)4.694 E F0 -(and)4.444 E F3(COLUMNS)4.693 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.193 -(This option is enabled by)6.693 F(def)184 418.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 406.8 Q 4.693(,u)-.65 G +2.193(pdates the v)-4.693 F 2.193(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)4.693 E F0 +(and)4.443 E F3(COLUMNS)4.694 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.194 +(This option is enabled by)6.694 F(def)184 418.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2 (cmdhist)144 430.8 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 430.8 R F2(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -442.8 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 -(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 454.8 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F -.613(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 +442.8 Q 6.132(.T)-.65 G 1.132(his allo)-6.132 F 1.132 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.133 +(This option is enabled by)6.133 F(def)184 454.8 Q .614(ault, b)-.1 F +.614(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .613 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .913 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 466.8 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A -F2(compat31)144 478.8 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 490.8 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 -(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) -184 502.8 R F2([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E +F2(compat31)144 478.8 Q F0 .419(If set,)184 490.8 R F2(bash)2.919 E F0 +.419(changes its beha)2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) +184 502.8 R F2([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F2(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 (using the)184 514.8 R F2([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F (s)-.55 E F2(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 (use ASCII collation and)184 526.8 R F1(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G -(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 538.8 Q F1(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 -(\(3\).).51 E F2(compat32)144 550.8 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 562.8 R F2 -(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 -F 1.409(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G +(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 538.8 Q F1(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F2(compat32)144 550.8 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 562.8 R F2 +(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v) +-.2 F 1.41(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 (string comparison when using the)184 574.8 R F2([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F2(>) -2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 +2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 (vious item\) and the ef)184 586.8 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 (ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 598.8 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F2(compat40)144 610.8 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 622.8 R F2(bash)3.909 E F0 -1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 634.8 R F2([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 -(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F2(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 646.8 R -F2(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) --.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -658.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F -.086(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 670.8 -Q(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F2(compat41)144 682.8 Q F0 1.523 -(If set,)184 694.8 R F2(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F -F1 1.523(posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524 +F2(compat40)144 610.8 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 622.8 R F2(bash)3.91 E F0 +1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 +(string comparison when using the)184 634.8 R F2([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 +(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F2(>) +4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 646.8 R +F2(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F +(ersions)-.15 E .086 +(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 658.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) +-.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 670.8 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F2(compat41)144 682.8 Q F0 1.524 +(If set,)184 694.8 R F2(bash)4.024 E F0 4.024(,w)C 1.524(hen in)-4.024 F +F1 1.524(posix mode)4.024 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.523 (reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 -706.8 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 -(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 -G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +706.8 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G .959 +(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459(nn).15 +G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 (the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 -718.8 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F 2.16 +718.8 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F 2.159 (posix mode through v)184 730.8 R 2.159(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F 2.159 (The def)7.159 F 2.159(ault bash beha)-.1 F 2.159 (vior remains as in pre)-.2 F(vious)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 July 8)151.505 E(73)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(2019 September 16)135.955 E(73)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ve)184 84 S -(rsions.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)144 96 Q F0 1.796(If set,) -184 108 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(rsions.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)144 96 Q F0 1.797(If set,) +184 108 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) 4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 120 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 132 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 144 R F1 -(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 -(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 156 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 -(declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 168 S .353 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 132 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 144 R F1 +(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 156 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 +(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 168 S .352 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) --.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 -F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.375(function is e)184 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B)-.35 F .441(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 240 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E -(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 252 Q F0 .654 +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 252 Q F0 .653 (If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ -ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 276 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 +(forming completion.)184 276 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -288 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 300 R .028 -(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 312 R 1.073 +288 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 300 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 +(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 312 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 324 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 324 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 336 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 348 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 360 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 372 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 360 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 372 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -384 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 396 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 408 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -408 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 +384 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 +396 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 408 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +408 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 420 Q(xist.)-.15 E F1(dotglob)144 432 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 @@ -8983,40 +8992,40 @@ F1(dotglob)144 432 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 456 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 456 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 456 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti) +184 456 R 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.386 (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 468 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 480 Q F0 .717 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 480 Q F0 .716 (If set, aliases are e)184 492 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F (by def)184 504 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) .15 E F1(extdeb)144 516 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 528 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 2.444 (before the shell starts, identical to the)184 540 R F14.944 -E(ugger)-.2 E F0 4.944(option. 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If)4.944 F 2.445(set after in)4.944 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G(cation,).2 E(beha)184 552 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 564 Q F0(The)220 564 Q F14.25 -E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 564 Q F0(The)220 564 Q F14.251 +E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 576 Q (gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 588 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 588 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 600 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 612 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 612 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 (exe)220 624 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 648 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 648 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 -(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 (are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 660 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 672 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 672 R @@ -9027,7 +9036,7 @@ bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 672 R d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 696 R(in)220 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(74)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(74)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9043,67 +9052,67 @@ SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 84 R .4 (uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.) 184 132 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 -144 Q F0 1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 144 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +144 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 144 R 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 156 S(pansion error).15 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 168 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 180 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +.937(If set, the suf)184 180 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 -(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 (when performing w)184 192 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 204 R F3 -.447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) --.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 -216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 228 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) -184 240 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 -(et e)-.1 F 2.518(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 252 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) -.15 G(eha)-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 204 R F3 +.448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 +216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 228 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) +184 240 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 +(et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 252 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) +.15 G(eha)-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 (he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 (That is, the current locale')184 264 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 276 R F1(A) -3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 276 R F1(A) +3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 288 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 300 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 300 R F1(**)3.019 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +F1(globstar)144 300 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 300 R F1(**)3.018 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 312 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 324 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 336 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 348 Q F1(histappend)144 360 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -372 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +372 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 384 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 396 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 420 Q F1(histv)144 432 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +E F0 .576(If set, and)184 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 420 Q F1(histv)144 432 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 (If set, and)184 444 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 456 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 468 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 456 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 468 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 480 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 492 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -504 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(hostcomplete)144 480 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 492 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +504 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F3(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 528 Q F0(If set,) 184 540 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 552 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 552 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 (If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 564 R .219(alue of the) --.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) +-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) 2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 576 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F (option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 588 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) @@ -9112,95 +9121,95 @@ F1(interacti)144 588 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 (that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 612 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 624 Q +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 624 Q (ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 636 Q F0 .066 (If set, and job control is not acti)184 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 660 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 660 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F (with embedded ne)184 672 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 684 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 696 R +(localv)144 684 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 696 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -708 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 -(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(75)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +708 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 +(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(75)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(localv)144 84 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 96 R F1 -(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F -.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +SF(localv)144 84 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 96 R F1 +(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ the beha)184 108 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 120 Q (ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 132 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) -2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 156 S -(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 168 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 -(If set, and a \214le that)184 180 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) +2.736 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 156 S +(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 168 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 180 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F -.1(wa)184 192 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 204 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 216 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E -F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 204 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 216 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 228 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 240 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 264 S +(nocaseglob)144 240 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 264 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 276 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -288 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 276 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +288 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 312 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +(wo)184 312 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 324 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 336 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 348 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) -3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) -3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 360 S +(nullglob)144 336 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 348 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 360 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1 -(posixglob)144 372 Q F0 1.036(If set,)184 384 R F1(bash)3.536 E F0(mak) -3.536 E 1.036(es w)-.1 F 1.036 -(ords containing unquoted backslashes after e)-.1 F 1.037 -(xpansion eligible for)-.15 F 1.076(pathname e)184 396 R 1.076 -(xpansion, e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.576(ni).15 G 3.576(ft)-3.576 G(he) --3.576 E 3.576(yd)-.15 G(on')-3.576 E 3.575(tc)-.18 G 1.075(ontain an) --3.575 F 3.575(yo)-.15 G 1.075(ther unquoted pattern characters.)-3.575 +(posixglob)144 372 Q F0 1.037(If set,)184 384 R F1(bash)3.537 E F0(mak) +3.537 E 1.037(es w)-.1 F 1.036 +(ords containing unquoted backslashes after e)-.1 F 1.036 +(xpansion eligible for)-.15 F 1.075(pathname e)184 396 R 1.075 +(xpansion, e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.575(ni).15 G 3.575(ft)-3.575 G(he) +-3.575 E 3.575(yd)-.15 G(on')-3.575 E 3.575(tc)-.18 G 1.076(ontain an) +-3.575 F 3.576(yo)-.15 G 1.076(ther unquoted pattern characters.)-3.576 F(This option is enabled by def)184 408 Q(ault, and is enabled when)-.1 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(pr)144 420 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E -F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 432 R .677 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 444 Q +F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 432 R .677 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 444 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 456 Q (ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 (If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 468 R F1(bash)4.624 -E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 480 Q 3.288(th) --.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 -(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 480 Q 3.289(th) +-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 (xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 492 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473 (ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 504 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr) -144 516 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under) -184 528 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 540 S -.171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +144 516 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under) +184 528 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 540 S .17 +(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E (This option is enabled by def)184 552 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 564 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) @@ -9209,52 +9218,52 @@ S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 600 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 612 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 624 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +F1(shift_v)144 612 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 624 R F1 +(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 636 Q F1(sour) -144 648 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 660 R F1(sour)3.271 E -(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 672 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0(If set, the)184 696 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(76)200.665 E 0 -Cg EP +144 648 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 660 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F +.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 672 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 696 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(76)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(suspend)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001(Suspend the e)144 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502 -(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be)3.502 F .023 -(suspended; the)144 108 R F12.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 120 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +SF(suspend)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 +96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501 +(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022 +(suspended; the)144 108 R F12.522 E F0 .022 +(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 120 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 136.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 148.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 148.8 R .878 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +108 148.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 148.8 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 160.8 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 -(primaries described abo)144 172.8 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E -F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 +(primaries described abo)144 172.8 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E (options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 184.8 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 202.8 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 214.8 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 202.8 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 214.8 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F (used when there are \214v)144 226.8 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G (ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 238.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 238.8 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 @@ -9277,9 +9286,9 @@ F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E E 2.5(2a)144 393.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) 180 405.6 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 417.6 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 429.6 Q .552 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 417.6 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 429.6 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 (If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 441.6 Q @@ -9290,27 +9299,27 @@ F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 477.6 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 489.6 R .578(xpression i\ +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 489.6 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 501.6 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 -E F0(and)3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 501.6 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 (three ar)180 513.6 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 -525.6 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) -3.021 F(ar)180 537.6 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 -E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +525.6 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 537.6 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E (wise, the e)180 549.6 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -561.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 573.6 R -.384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 +561.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 573.6 R +.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 (posed of the remaining ar)180 585.6 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 609.6 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) -2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 621.6 R 1.635 @@ -9323,79 +9332,79 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ processes run from the shell.)144 668.4 R(The return status is 0.)144 680.4 Q F1(trap)108 697.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F3(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command) -144 709.2 R F3(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F +F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F3(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command) +144 709.2 R F3(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.203(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F3(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G -(f)-5.703 E F3(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 +3.202(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F3(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G +(f)-5.702 E F3(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608 (absent \(and there is a single)144 721.2 R F3(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 (\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(77)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(77)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .658(\(the v)144 -84 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.658 E/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .659(\(the v)144 +84 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.658 E/F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) -144.34 96 Q F0 .581(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .58(is not present and)3.3 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.08 E F0 -(has)3.08 E 1.214 +144.34 96 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.081 E F0 +(has)3.081 E 1.215 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 108 R F1 -(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F +(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F (gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 120 R F23.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 (signal. The)144 132 R F22.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ - print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311 -(bers. Each)144 144 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E + print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 144 R F1(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E (names are case insensiti)144 156 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a) -144 174 R F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 186 Q(UG) --.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar) -3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0 -(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 198 Q F1(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 210 R F3 .146 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 222 Q F2(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 -(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 234 Q F1(ar)3.474 -E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a) +144 174 R F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 +(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.648(If a)6.648 F F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 186 Q(UG) +-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F1(ar) +3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.168(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F1(case)3.668 E F0 +(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 198 Q F1(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 210 R F3 .145 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 222 Q F2(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G +.7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 234 Q F1(ar)3.473 +E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F2(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 246 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 264 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F3(ERR) -3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961 -(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461 -(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single s\ -imple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e) -144 276 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 288 R -.451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 300 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.888 -E F0(or)2.888 E F2(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.644(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F2(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 246 Q -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 264 R F1(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F3 +(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 276 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 288 +R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 300 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.887 +E F0(or)2.887 E F2(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 324 R 1.28 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 324 R 1.28 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F2(!) 3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 336 Q(yed by the) @@ -9404,75 +9413,76 @@ F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F2(!) (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 354 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 (being ignored are reset to their original v)144 366 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) -.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 378 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 394.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 406.8 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name) -3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F2144 418.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 406.8 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F2144 418.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F2(type)3.342 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 430.8 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F1 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 430.8 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 442.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F22.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F2(type)2.619 E F0 .855 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 454.8 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 466.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .112(search for each)144 478.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E -F0(and)144 490.8 Q F23.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F -.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) --.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F2 -144 502.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2(type)4.248 E F0 -1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E -.744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 514.8 R F2 -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +466.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F2 +3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 478.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F2 +2.612 E F0(and)144 490.8 Q F23.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 +F .731 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F2 +144 502.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F2(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 +(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 514.8 R F2 +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) 144 526.8 R F23.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) -144 538.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) -5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 -(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 550.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 567.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) +144 538.8 R F2(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) +5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 550.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 567.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -579.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 -(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +579.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F23.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F23.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F23.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F22.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F22.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 627.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 +.741(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 651.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F22.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F22.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 675.6 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 @@ -9480,7 +9490,7 @@ F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F22.999 E F0 144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 699.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E (fer size)-.25 E F2144 711.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of core \214les created)180 711.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(78)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(78)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9498,8 +9508,8 @@ Q F1144 132 Q F0 -.1 E F1144 156 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 156 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 168 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to) --.25 F(be set\))180 180 Q F1144 192 Q F0 + not allo)180 168 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 180 Q F1144 192 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 192 Q F1 144 204 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) 180 204 Q F1144 216 Q F0 @@ -9517,15 +9527,15 @@ Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 (option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 -E .045(no option is gi)144 340.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 -352.8 R F14.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +E .044(no option is gi)144 340.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 +352.8 R F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C -1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 364.8 R 1.476 +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 364.8 R 1.476 (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.976 E F0(and)3.976 E F13.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) -3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 376.8 R @@ -9538,15 +9548,15 @@ F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ pted by)144 429.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -441.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +441.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 453.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 465.6 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 477.6 Q +(mode)144.38 465.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 477.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 (unalias)108 494.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 @@ -9557,82 +9567,82 @@ F(remo)144 518.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 535.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 547.2 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 -3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 547.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 +3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 559.2 Q F0 1.55 -(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 571.2 R F1 -4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +(If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 559.2 Q F0 1.551 +(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 571.2 R F1 +4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +F(remo)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 (be unset rather than the v)144 595.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 -(options are supplied, each)144 607.2 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 -(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F +.221(options are supplied, each)144 607.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 +(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 (tion with that name is unset.)144 619.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G -1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171 +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G +1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 (passed to subsequent commands.)144 631.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) -.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 643.2 S -(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 +.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 643.2 S +(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) +F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) 144 655.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -667.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) -4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya) --.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 679.2 Q(The e)5 E +667.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) +4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G +1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 679.2 Q(The e)5 E (xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E (.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 (id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 708 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\ ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) -3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process)3.929 F .009 +3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 (ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 720 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008 -(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(79)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 +(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16)135.955 E(79)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)144.01 84 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G(n,).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)144.01 84 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G(n,).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598 +.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 (tion, if its process id is the same as)144 96 R F2($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 -(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F2 -3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F2(wait)144 108 Q F0 --.1(wa)3.056 G .556(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e) -.1 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557(Supplying the)5.557 F F23.057 E -F0 .557(option, when)3.057 F .346(job control is enabled, forces)144 120 +(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F2 +3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F2(wait)144 108 Q F0 +-.1(wa)3.057 G .557(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e) +.1 F .556(xit status.)-.15 F .556(Supplying the)5.556 F F23.056 E +F0 .556(option, when)3.056 F .345(job control is enabled, forces)144 120 R F2(wait)2.846 E F0 .346(to w)2.846 F .346(ait for)-.1 F F1(id)2.846 E -F0 .346(to terminate before returning its status, instead of)2.846 F -.599(returning when it changes status.)144 132 R(If)5.599 E F1(id)3.109 -E F0 .599(speci\214es a non-e)3.869 F .6 +F0 .346(to terminate before returning its status, instead of)2.846 F .6 +(returning when it changes status.)144 132 R(If)5.6 E F1(id)3.11 E F0 +.599(speci\214es a non-e)3.869 F .599 (xistent process or job, the return status is)-.15 F 2.5 (127. Otherwise,)144 144 R(the return status is the e)2.5 E (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E /F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 160.8 Q F0(If)108 172.8 Q -F2(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F2(rbash)4.397 -E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F24.397 E F0 1.896 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 184.8 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E +F2(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F2(rbash)4.397 +E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F24.397 E F0 1.897 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 184.8 R .945 +(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 +(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E (beha)108 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F2 (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E (wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 213.6 Q @@ -9643,13 +9653,13 @@ G(TH)-.189 E F5(,)A F4(ENV)2.25 E F5(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G (SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 247.2 Q(specifying command names containing)144 247.2 Q F2(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 264 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a) 144 264 Q F2(/)2.5 E F0(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E -F0 -.2(bu)5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 280.8 Q .45 +F0 -.2(bu)5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 280.8 Q .449 (specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 280.8 R .449 -(gument to the)-.18 F F22.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F2 -(hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 292.8 Q -<83>108 309.6 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 -309.6 Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 326.4 Q(parsing the v)144 -326.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F4(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E +(gument to the)-.18 F F22.95 E F0 .45(option to the)2.95 F F2 +(hash)2.95 E F0 -.2(bu)2.95 G .45(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 292.8 Q<83> +108 309.6 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 309.6 +Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 326.4 Q(parsing the v)144 326.4 Q +(alue of)-.25 E F4(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E (vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 343.2 Q(redirecting output using the\ >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 343.2 Q<83>108 360 Q(using the)144 360 Q F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G @@ -9666,8 +9676,8 @@ F2(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 427.2 Q (These restrictions are enforced after an)108 444 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 (When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 460.8 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F F4 1.567(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0 -(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F2(rbash)108 472.8 Q F0(turns of) +(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F F4 1.566(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0 +(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F2(rbash)108 472.8 Q F0(turns of) 2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F3(SEE ALSO)72 489.6 Q F1(Bash Refer)108 501.6 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F) @@ -9690,8 +9700,8 @@ F1(/etc/pr)109.666 650.4 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 686.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bashr)109.666 698.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 (The indi)144 710.4 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(-shell startup \214le).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E -(80)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(-shell startup \214le).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(80)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 81 81 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9708,20 +9718,20 @@ F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.548(AU)72 177.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 189.6 Q(y@case.edu) -.15 E F2 -.11(BU)72 206.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 -.568(If you \214nd a b)108 218.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 +.567(If you \214nd a b)108 218.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568(you should report it.)3.068 F .568 (But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568 -(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 F 5.625 +(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 F 5.626 (that it appears in the latest v)108 230.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F F3 -(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 -(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 +(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 +(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 (ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 242.4 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 -E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 259.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 -(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) --.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 -(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 271.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) --.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 -(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F +E F0(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 259.2 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 +(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F F1(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F +.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 271.2 R .895 -.15 +(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F +.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F (be mailed to)108 283.2 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 (or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) -.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 300 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 @@ -9735,25 +9745,25 @@ E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 259.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 398.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) .25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 415.2 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 427.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 -(There are some subtle dif)108 444 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F3 +(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 +(There are some subtle dif)108 444 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F3 (bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F -F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9 +F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 456 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E (Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 472.8 Q(Shell b)108 489.6 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 506.4 R .39 +re not handled gracefully when)108 506.4 R .389 (process suspension is attempted.)108 518.4 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 530.4 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ -place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) --.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 542.4 Q(Array v)108 -559.2 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) +108 530.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ +ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F +(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 542.4 Q(Array v)108 559.2 +Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E (There may be only one acti)108 576 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E -(81)200.665 E 0 Cg EP +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 September 16) +135.955 E(81)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log index 543e2008b..2d641a9a6 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.log +++ b/doc/bashref.log @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.19 (TeX Live 2018/MacPorts 2018.47642_7) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2019.1.16) 8 JUL 2019 15:16 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.19 (TeX Live 2018/MacPorts 2018.47642_7) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2019.1.16) 20 SEP 2019 14:50 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. file:line:error style messages enabled. @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ Overfull \vbox (0.67252pt too high) has occurred while \output is active Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: 4069 strings out of 497100 47090 string characters out of 6206794 - 137042 words of memory out of 5000000 + 137054 words of memory out of 5000000 4846 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 34315 words of font info for 116 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 51 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ s/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmtt12.pfb> -Output written on bashref.pdf (187 pages, 757503 bytes). +Output written on bashref.pdf (187 pages, 757573 bytes). PDF statistics: 2644 PDF objects out of 2984 (max. 8388607) 2411 compressed objects within 25 object streams diff --git a/doc/bashref.pdf b/doc/bashref.pdf index 348a19144..f7b95647f 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.pdf and b/doc/bashref.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index d5beccd73..5b44b8cd1 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -1033,7 +1033,8 @@ An additional binary operator, @samp{=~}, is available, with the same precedence as @samp{==} and @samp{!=}. When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a @sc{POSIX} extended regular expression and matched accordingly -(as in @i{regex}3)). +(using the @sc{POSIX} @code{regcomp} and @code{regexec} interfaces +usually described in @i{regex}(3)). The return value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional @@ -1057,11 +1058,12 @@ string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression. For example, the following will match a line (stored in the shell variable @var{line}) -if there is a sequence of characters in the value consisting of +if there is a sequence of characters anywhere in the value consisting of any number, including zero, of -space characters, zero or one instances of @samp{a}, then a @samp{b}: +characters in the @code{space} character class, +zero or one instances of @samp{a}, then a @samp{b}: @example -[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*?(a)b ]] +[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]] @end example @noindent @@ -1077,7 +1079,7 @@ expressions while paying attention to the shell's quote removal. Using a shell variable to store the pattern decreases these problems. For example, the following is equivalent to the above: @example -pattern='[[:space:]]*?(a)b' +pattern='[[:space:]]*(a)?b' [[ $line =~ $pattern ]] @end example @@ -3574,7 +3576,7 @@ with a name that is not a shell function. @item getopts @btindex getopts @example -getopts @var{optstring} @var{name} [@var{args}] +getopts @var{optstring} @var{name} [@var{arg} @dots{}] @end example @code{getopts} is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters. @@ -3603,7 +3605,7 @@ and @var{name} is set to @samp{?}. @code{getopts} normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are -given in @var{args}, @code{getopts} parses those instead. +supplied as @var{arg} values, @code{getopts} parses those instead. @code{getopts} can report errors in two ways. If the first character of @var{optstring} is a colon, @var{silent} diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index e10e5e89d..b6f4d4405 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Mon Jul 8 15:10:15 EDT 2019 +@set LASTCHANGE Fri Sep 20 15:29:59 EDT 2019 @set EDITION 5.0 @set VERSION 5.0 -@set UPDATED 8 July 2019 -@set UPDATED-MONTH July 2019 +@set UPDATED 20 September 2019 +@set UPDATED-MONTH September 2019 diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c index 9b5d5b5fa..0def61664 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.c +++ b/execute_cmd.c @@ -4304,15 +4304,6 @@ execute_simple_command (simple_command, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close) if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) result = last_command_exit_value; close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out); -#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) -#if 0 - /* Close /dev/fd file descriptors in the parent after forking the - last child in a (possibly one-element) pipeline. Defer this - until any running shell function completes. */ - if (pipe_out == NO_PIPE && variable_context == 0) /* XXX */ - unlink_fifo_list (); /* XXX */ -#endif -#endif command_line = (char *)NULL; /* don't free this. */ #if 0 bind_lastarg ((char *)NULL); diff --git a/jobs.c b/jobs.c index f2e5973af..b6d691703 100644 --- a/jobs.c +++ b/jobs.c @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #if !defined (HAVE_KILLPG) -extern int killpg __P((pid_t, int)); +extern int killpg PARAMS((pid_t, int)); #endif #if !DEFAULT_CHILD_MAX @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ extern int killpg __P((pid_t, int)); /* The number of additional slots to allocate when we run out. */ #define JOB_SLOTS 8 -typedef int sh_job_map_func_t __P((JOB *, int, int, int)); +typedef int sh_job_map_func_t PARAMS((JOB *, int, int, int)); /* Variables used here but defined in other files. */ extern sigset_t top_level_mask; @@ -170,13 +170,15 @@ extern WORD_LIST *subst_assign_varlist; extern SigHandler **original_signals; -extern void set_original_signal __P((int, SigHandler *)); +extern void set_original_signal PARAMS((int, SigHandler *)); static struct jobstats zerojs = { -1L, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, NO_JOB, NO_JOB, 0, 0 }; struct jobstats js = { -1L, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, NO_JOB, NO_JOB, 0, 0 }; ps_index_t pidstat_table[PIDSTAT_TABLE_SZ]; -struct bgpids bgpids = { 0, 0, 0 }; +struct bgpids bgpids = { 0, 0, 0, 0 }; + +struct procchain procsubs = { 0, 0, 0 }; /* The array of known jobs. */ JOB **jobs = (JOB **)NULL; @@ -236,75 +238,75 @@ PROCESS *last_procsub_child = (PROCESS *)NULL; void debug_print_pgrps (void); -static sighandler wait_sigint_handler __P((int)); -static sighandler sigchld_handler __P((int)); -static sighandler sigcont_sighandler __P((int)); -static sighandler sigstop_sighandler __P((int)); - -static int waitchld __P((pid_t, int)); - -static PROCESS *find_pid_in_pipeline __P((pid_t, PROCESS *, int)); -static PROCESS *find_pipeline __P((pid_t, int, int *)); -static PROCESS *find_process __P((pid_t, int, int *)); - -static char *current_working_directory __P((void)); -static char *job_working_directory __P((void)); -static char *j_strsignal __P((int)); -static char *printable_job_status __P((int, PROCESS *, int)); - -static PROCESS *find_last_proc __P((int, int)); -static pid_t find_last_pid __P((int, int)); - -static int set_new_line_discipline __P((int)); -static int map_over_jobs __P((sh_job_map_func_t *, int, int)); -static int job_last_stopped __P((int)); -static int job_last_running __P((int)); -static int most_recent_job_in_state __P((int, JOB_STATE)); -static int find_job __P((pid_t, int, PROCESS **)); -static int print_job __P((JOB *, int, int, int)); -static int process_exit_status __P((WAIT)); -static int process_exit_signal __P((WAIT)); -static int set_job_status_and_cleanup __P((int)); - -static WAIT job_signal_status __P((int)); -static WAIT raw_job_exit_status __P((int)); - -static void notify_of_job_status __P((void)); -static void reset_job_indices __P((void)); -static void cleanup_dead_jobs __P((void)); -static int processes_in_job __P((int)); -static void realloc_jobs_list __P((void)); -static int compact_jobs_list __P((int)); -static void add_process __P((char *, pid_t)); -static void print_pipeline __P((PROCESS *, int, int, FILE *)); -static void pretty_print_job __P((int, int, FILE *)); -static void set_current_job __P((int)); -static void reset_current __P((void)); -static void set_job_running __P((int)); -static void setjstatus __P((int)); -static int maybe_give_terminal_to __P((pid_t, pid_t, int)); -static void mark_all_jobs_as_dead __P((void)); -static void mark_dead_jobs_as_notified __P((int)); -static void restore_sigint_handler __P((void)); +static sighandler wait_sigint_handler PARAMS((int)); +static sighandler sigchld_handler PARAMS((int)); +static sighandler sigcont_sighandler PARAMS((int)); +static sighandler sigstop_sighandler PARAMS((int)); + +static int waitchld PARAMS((pid_t, int)); + +static PROCESS *find_pid_in_pipeline PARAMS((pid_t, PROCESS *, int)); +static PROCESS *find_pipeline PARAMS((pid_t, int, int *)); +static PROCESS *find_process PARAMS((pid_t, int, int *)); + +static char *current_working_directory PARAMS((void)); +static char *job_working_directory PARAMS((void)); +static char *j_strsignal PARAMS((int)); +static char *printable_job_status PARAMS((int, PROCESS *, int)); + +static PROCESS *find_last_proc PARAMS((int, int)); +static pid_t find_last_pid PARAMS((int, int)); + +static int set_new_line_discipline PARAMS((int)); +static int map_over_jobs PARAMS((sh_job_map_func_t *, int, int)); +static int job_last_stopped PARAMS((int)); +static int job_last_running PARAMS((int)); +static int most_recent_job_in_state PARAMS((int, JOB_STATE)); +static int find_job PARAMS((pid_t, int, PROCESS **)); +static int print_job PARAMS((JOB *, int, int, int)); +static int process_exit_status PARAMS((WAIT)); +static int process_exit_signal PARAMS((WAIT)); +static int set_job_status_and_cleanup PARAMS((int)); + +static WAIT job_signal_status PARAMS((int)); +static WAIT raw_job_exit_status PARAMS((int)); + +static void notify_of_job_status PARAMS((void)); +static void reset_job_indices PARAMS((void)); +static void cleanup_dead_jobs PARAMS((void)); +static int processes_in_job PARAMS((int)); +static void realloc_jobs_list PARAMS((void)); +static int compact_jobs_list PARAMS((int)); +static void add_process PARAMS((char *, pid_t)); +static void print_pipeline PARAMS((PROCESS *, int, int, FILE *)); +static void pretty_print_job PARAMS((int, int, FILE *)); +static void set_current_job PARAMS((int)); +static void reset_current PARAMS((void)); +static void set_job_running PARAMS((int)); +static void setjstatus PARAMS((int)); +static int maybe_give_terminal_to PARAMS((pid_t, pid_t, int)); +static void mark_all_jobs_as_dead PARAMS((void)); +static void mark_dead_jobs_as_notified PARAMS((int)); +static void restore_sigint_handler PARAMS((void)); #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) -static void pipe_read __P((int *)); +static void pipe_read PARAMS((int *)); #endif /* Hash table manipulation */ -static ps_index_t *pshash_getbucket __P((pid_t)); -static void pshash_delindex __P((ps_index_t)); +static ps_index_t *pshash_getbucket PARAMS((pid_t)); +static void pshash_delindex PARAMS((ps_index_t)); /* Saved background process status management */ -static struct pidstat *bgp_add __P((pid_t, int)); -static int bgp_delete __P((pid_t)); -static void bgp_clear __P((void)); -static int bgp_search __P((pid_t)); +static struct pidstat *bgp_add PARAMS((pid_t, int)); +static int bgp_delete PARAMS((pid_t)); +static void bgp_clear PARAMS((void)); +static int bgp_search PARAMS((pid_t)); -static struct pipeline_saver *alloc_pipeline_saver __P((void)); +static struct pipeline_saver *alloc_pipeline_saver PARAMS((void)); -static ps_index_t bgp_getindex __P((void)); -static void bgp_resize __P((void)); /* XXX */ +static ps_index_t bgp_getindex PARAMS((void)); +static void bgp_resize PARAMS((void)); /* XXX */ #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) static int *pstatuses; /* list of pipeline statuses */ @@ -441,6 +443,7 @@ cleanup_the_pipeline () discard_pipeline (disposer); } +/* Not used right now */ void discard_last_procsub_child () { @@ -889,7 +892,7 @@ bgp_delete (pid) break; if (orig_psi == bgpids.storage[psi].bucket_next) /* catch reported bug */ { - internal_warning ("bgp_delete: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next", psi); + internal_warning (_("bgp_delete: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"), psi); return 0; } } @@ -942,7 +945,7 @@ bgp_search (pid) return (bgpids.storage[psi].status); if (orig_psi == bgpids.storage[psi].bucket_next) /* catch reported bug */ { - internal_warning ("bgp_search: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next", psi); + internal_warning (_("bgp_search: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"), psi); return -1; } } @@ -958,6 +961,195 @@ bgp_prune () } #endif +/* External interface to bgp_add; takes care of blocking and unblocking + SIGCHLD. Not really used. */ +void +save_proc_status (pid, status) + pid_t pid; + int status; +{ + sigset_t set, oset; + + BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); + bgp_add (pid, status); + UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); +} + +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) +/* Functions to add and remove PROCESS * children from the list of running + asynchronous process substitutions. The list is currently a simple singly + linked list of PROCESS *, so it works with the set of callers that want + a child. subst.c:process_substitute adds to the list, the various wait* + functions manipulate child->running and child->status, and processes are + eventually removed from the list and added to the bgpids table. */ + +static void +procsub_free (p) + PROCESS *p; +{ + FREE (p->command); + free (p); +} + +PROCESS * +procsub_add (p) + PROCESS *p; +{ + sigset_t set, oset; + + BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); + if (procsubs.head == 0) + { + procsubs.head = procsubs.end = p; + procsubs.nproc = 0; + } + else + { + procsubs.end->next = p; + procsubs.end = p; + } + procsubs.nproc++; + UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); + + return p; +} + +PROCESS * +procsub_search (pid) + pid_t pid; +{ + PROCESS *p; + sigset_t set, oset; + + BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); + for (p = procsubs.head; p; p = p->next) + if (p->pid == pid) + break; + UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); + + return p; +} + +PROCESS * +procsub_delete (pid) + pid_t pid; +{ + PROCESS *p, *prev; + sigset_t set, oset; + + BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); + for (p = prev = procsubs.head; p; prev = p, p = p->next) + if (p->pid == pid) + { + prev->next = p->next; + break; + } + + if (p == 0) + { + UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); + return p; + } + + if (p == procsubs.head) + procsubs.head = procsubs.head->next; + else if (p == procsubs.end) + procsubs.end = prev; + + procsubs.nproc--; + if (procsubs.nproc == 0) + procsubs.head = procsubs.end = 0; + else if (procsubs.nproc == 1) /* XXX */ + procsubs.end = procsubs.head; + + /* this can't be called anywhere in a signal handling path */ + bgp_add (p->pid, process_exit_status (p->status)); + UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); + return (p); +} + +int +procsub_waitpid (pid) + pid_t pid; +{ + PROCESS *p; + int r; + + p = procsub_search (pid); + if (p == 0) + return -1; + if (p->running == PS_DONE) + return (p->status); + r = wait_for (p->pid); + return (r); /* defer removing until later */ +} + +void +procsub_waitall () +{ + PROCESS *p; + int r; + + for (p = procsubs.head; p; p = p->next) + { + if (p->running == PS_DONE) + continue; + r = wait_for (p->pid); + } +} + +void +procsub_clear () +{ + PROCESS *p, *ps; + sigset_t set, oset; + + BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); + + for (ps = procsubs.head; ps; ) + { + p = ps; + ps = ps->next; + procsub_free (p); + } + procsubs.head = procsubs.end = 0; + procsubs.nproc = 0; + UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); +} + +/* Must be called with SIGCHLD blocked. */ +void +procsub_prune () +{ + PROCESS *ohead, *oend, *ps, *p; + int onproc; + + if (procsubs.nproc == 0) + return; + + ohead = procsubs.head; + oend = procsubs.end; + onproc = procsubs.nproc; + + procsubs.head = procsubs.end = 0; + procsubs.nproc = 0; + + for (p = ohead; p; ) + { + ps = p->next; + p->next = 0; + if (p->running == PS_DONE) + { + bgp_add (p->pid, process_exit_status (p->status)); + procsub_free (p); + } + else + procsub_add (p); + p = ps; + } +} +#endif + /* Reset the values of js.j_lastj and js.j_firstj after one or both have been deleted. The caller should check whether js.j_njobs is 0 before calling this. This wraps around, but the rest of the code does not. At @@ -981,7 +1173,7 @@ reset_job_indices () js.j_firstj++; } if (js.j_firstj == old) - js.j_firstj = js.j_lastj = js.j_njobs = 0; + js.j_firstj = js.j_lastj = js.j_njobs = 0; } if (jobs[js.j_lastj] == 0) { @@ -997,7 +1189,7 @@ reset_job_indices () js.j_lastj--; } if (js.j_lastj == old) - js.j_firstj = js.j_lastj = js.j_njobs = 0; + js.j_firstj = js.j_lastj = js.j_njobs = 0; } } @@ -1029,13 +1221,8 @@ cleanup_dead_jobs () } #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) - if (last_procsub_child && last_procsub_child->running == PS_DONE) - { - bgp_add (last_procsub_child->pid, process_exit_status (last_procsub_child->status)); /* XXX */ - discard = last_procsub_child; - last_procsub_child = (PROCESS *)NULL; - discard_pipeline (discard); - } + procsub_prune (); + last_procsub_child = (PROCESS *)NULL; #endif #if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT) @@ -1307,10 +1494,10 @@ add_process (name, pid) { # ifdef DEBUG if (j == NO_JOB) - internal_warning (_("add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"), (long)p->pid, p->command); + internal_warning ("add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline", (long)p->pid, p->command); # endif if (PALIVE (p)) - internal_warning (_("add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"), (long)p->pid, p->command); + internal_warning (_("add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"), (long)p->pid, p->command); p->running = PS_RECYCLED; /* mark as recycled */ } #endif @@ -1533,6 +1720,7 @@ find_pipeline (pid, alive_only, jobp) p = (PROCESS *)NULL; if (jobp) *jobp = NO_JOB; + if (the_pipeline && (p = find_pid_in_pipeline (pid, the_pipeline, alive_only))) return (p); @@ -1540,10 +1728,11 @@ find_pipeline (pid, alive_only, jobp) for (save = saved_pipeline; save; save = save->next) if (save->pipeline && (p = find_pid_in_pipeline (pid, save->pipeline, alive_only))) return (p); - - /* Now look in the last process substitution pipeline, since that sets $! */ - if (last_procsub_child && (p = find_pid_in_pipeline (pid, last_procsub_child, alive_only))) + +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) + if (procsubs.nproc > 0 && (p = procsub_search (pid)) && ((alive_only == 0 && PRECYCLED(p) == 0) || PALIVE(p))) return (p); +#endif job = find_job (pid, alive_only, &p); if (jobp) @@ -2090,7 +2279,7 @@ make_child (command, async_p) #endif #if defined (RECYCLES_PIDS) if (last_asynchronous_pid == mypid) - /* Avoid pid aliasing. 1 seems like a safe, unusual pid value. */ + /* Avoid pid aliasing. 1 seems like a safe, unusual pid value. */ last_asynchronous_pid = 1; #endif } @@ -2128,7 +2317,7 @@ make_child (command, async_p) last_asynchronous_pid = pid; #if defined (RECYCLES_PIDS) else if (last_asynchronous_pid == pid) - /* Avoid pid aliasing. 1 seems like a safe, unusual pid value. */ + /* Avoid pid aliasing. 1 seems like a safe, unusual pid value. */ last_asynchronous_pid = 1; #endif @@ -2137,7 +2326,7 @@ make_child (command, async_p) delete_old_job (pid); /* Perform the check for pid reuse unconditionally. Some systems reuse - PIDs before giving a process CHILD_MAX/_SC_CHILD_MAX unique ones. */ + PIDs before giving a process CHILD_MAX/_SC_CHILD_MAX unique ones. */ bgp_delete (pid); /* new process, discard any saved status */ last_made_pid = pid; @@ -2501,10 +2690,7 @@ wait_for_background_pids (ps) } #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) - if (last_procsub_child && last_procsub_child->pid != NO_PID && last_procsub_child->pid == last_asynchronous_pid) - r = wait_for (last_procsub_child->pid); - wait_procsubs (); - reap_procsubs (); + procsub_waitall (); #endif /* POSIX.2 says the shell can discard the statuses of all completed jobs if @@ -2740,11 +2926,11 @@ wait_for (pid) temp_sigint_handler = set_signal_handler (SIGINT, wait_sigint_handler); if (temp_sigint_handler == wait_sigint_handler) - { + { #if defined (DEBUG) internal_warning ("wait_for: recursively setting old_sigint_handler to wait_sigint_handler: running_trap = %d", running_trap); #endif - } + } else old_sigint_handler = temp_sigint_handler; waiting_for_child = 0; @@ -3022,7 +3208,7 @@ if (job == NO_JOB) } /* Moved here from set_job_status_and_cleanup, which is in the SIGCHLD - signal handler path */ + signal handler path */ if (DEADJOB (job) && IS_FOREGROUND (job) /*&& subshell_environment == 0*/) setjstatus (job); @@ -3142,8 +3328,8 @@ return_job: /* Make sure there is a background job to wait for */ BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); for (i = 0; i < js.j_jobslots; i++) - if (jobs[i] && RUNNING (i) && IS_FOREGROUND (i) == 0) - break; + if (jobs[i] && RUNNING (i) && IS_FOREGROUND (i) == 0) + break; if (i == js.j_jobslots) { UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); @@ -3678,10 +3864,10 @@ itrace("waitchld: waitpid returns %d block = %d children_exited = %d", pid, bloc /* If the child process did die due to SIGINT, forget our assumption that it caught or otherwise handled it. */ if (WIFSIGNALED (status) && WTERMSIG (status) == SIGINT) - child_caught_sigint = 0; + child_caught_sigint = 0; /* children_exited is used to run traps on SIGCHLD. We don't want to - run the trap if a process is just being continued. */ + run the trap if a process is just being continued. */ if (WIFCONTINUED(status) == 0) { children_exited++; @@ -3697,7 +3883,9 @@ itrace("waitchld: waitpid returns %d block = %d children_exited = %d", pid, bloc #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* Only manipulate the list of process substitutions while SIGCHLD - is blocked. */ + is blocked. We only use this as a hint that we can remove FIFOs + or close file descriptors corresponding to terminated process + substitutions. */ if ((ind = find_procsub_child (pid)) >= 0) set_procsub_status (ind, pid, WSTATUS (status)); #endif @@ -4693,7 +4881,7 @@ mark_dead_jobs_as_notified (force) way to avoid pid aliasing and reuse problems than keeping the POSIX- mandated CHILD_MAX jobs around. delete_job() takes care of keeping the bgpids list regulated. */ - + /* Count the number of dead jobs */ /* XXX could use js.j_firstj here */ for (i = ndead = ndeadproc = 0; i < js.j_jobslots; i++) diff --git a/jobs.h b/jobs.h index 7fae31e4b..596e2e119 100644 --- a/jobs.h +++ b/jobs.h @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* jobs.h -- structures and definitions used by the jobs.c file. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1993-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1993-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -175,6 +175,14 @@ struct procstat { bits16_t status; }; +/* A standalone singly-linked list of PROCESS *, used in various places + including keeping track of process substitutions. */ +struct procchain { + PROCESS *head; + PROCESS *end; + int nproc; +}; + #define NO_JOB -1 /* An impossible job array index. */ #define DUP_JOB -2 /* A possible return value for get_job_spec (). */ #define BAD_JOBSPEC -3 /* Bad syntax for job spec. */ @@ -203,87 +211,97 @@ extern PROCESS *last_procsub_child; extern JOB **jobs; -extern void making_children __P((void)); -extern void stop_making_children __P((void)); -extern void cleanup_the_pipeline __P((void)); -extern void discard_last_procsub_child __P((void)); -extern void save_pipeline __P((int)); -extern PROCESS *restore_pipeline __P((int)); -extern void start_pipeline __P((void)); -extern int stop_pipeline __P((int, COMMAND *)); -extern int discard_pipeline __P((PROCESS *)); -extern void append_process __P((char *, pid_t, int, int)); - -extern void delete_job __P((int, int)); -extern void nohup_job __P((int)); -extern void delete_all_jobs __P((int)); -extern void nohup_all_jobs __P((int)); - -extern int count_all_jobs __P((void)); - -extern void terminate_current_pipeline __P((void)); -extern void terminate_stopped_jobs __P((void)); -extern void hangup_all_jobs __P((void)); -extern void kill_current_pipeline __P((void)); +extern void making_children PARAMS((void)); +extern void stop_making_children PARAMS((void)); +extern void cleanup_the_pipeline PARAMS((void)); +extern void discard_last_procsub_child PARAMS((void)); +extern void save_pipeline PARAMS((int)); +extern PROCESS *restore_pipeline PARAMS((int)); +extern void start_pipeline PARAMS((void)); +extern int stop_pipeline PARAMS((int, COMMAND *)); +extern int discard_pipeline PARAMS((PROCESS *)); +extern void append_process PARAMS((char *, pid_t, int, int)); + +extern void save_proc_status PARAMS((pid_t, int)); + +extern PROCESS *procsub_add PARAMS((PROCESS *)); +extern PROCESS *procsub_search PARAMS((pid_t)); +extern PROCESS *procsub_delete PARAMS((pid_t)); +extern int procsub_waitpid PARAMS((pid_t)); +extern void procsub_waitall PARAMS((void)); +extern void procsub_clear PARAMS((void)); +extern void procsub_prune PARAMS((void)); + +extern void delete_job PARAMS((int, int)); +extern void nohup_job PARAMS((int)); +extern void delete_all_jobs PARAMS((int)); +extern void nohup_all_jobs PARAMS((int)); + +extern int count_all_jobs PARAMS((void)); + +extern void terminate_current_pipeline PARAMS((void)); +extern void terminate_stopped_jobs PARAMS((void)); +extern void hangup_all_jobs PARAMS((void)); +extern void kill_current_pipeline PARAMS((void)); #if defined (__STDC__) && defined (pid_t) -extern int get_job_by_pid __P((int, int)); -extern void describe_pid __P((int)); +extern int get_job_by_pid PARAMS((int, int)); +extern void describe_pid PARAMS((int)); #else -extern int get_job_by_pid __P((pid_t, int)); -extern void describe_pid __P((pid_t)); +extern int get_job_by_pid PARAMS((pid_t, int)); +extern void describe_pid PARAMS((pid_t)); #endif -extern void list_one_job __P((JOB *, int, int, int)); -extern void list_all_jobs __P((int)); -extern void list_stopped_jobs __P((int)); -extern void list_running_jobs __P((int)); +extern void list_one_job PARAMS((JOB *, int, int, int)); +extern void list_all_jobs PARAMS((int)); +extern void list_stopped_jobs PARAMS((int)); +extern void list_running_jobs PARAMS((int)); -extern pid_t make_child __P((char *, int)); +extern pid_t make_child PARAMS((char *, int)); -extern int get_tty_state __P((void)); -extern int set_tty_state __P((void)); +extern int get_tty_state PARAMS((void)); +extern int set_tty_state PARAMS((void)); -extern int job_exit_status __P((int)); -extern int job_exit_signal __P((int)); +extern int job_exit_status PARAMS((int)); +extern int job_exit_signal PARAMS((int)); -extern int wait_for_single_pid __P((pid_t, int)); -extern void wait_for_background_pids __P((struct procstat *)); -extern int wait_for __P((pid_t)); -extern int wait_for_job __P((int, int, struct procstat *)); -extern int wait_for_any_job __P((int, struct procstat *)); +extern int wait_for_single_pid PARAMS((pid_t, int)); +extern void wait_for_background_pids PARAMS((struct procstat *)); +extern int wait_for PARAMS((pid_t)); +extern int wait_for_job PARAMS((int, int, struct procstat *)); +extern int wait_for_any_job PARAMS((int, struct procstat *)); -extern void wait_sigint_cleanup __P((void)); +extern void wait_sigint_cleanup PARAMS((void)); -extern void notify_and_cleanup __P((void)); -extern void reap_dead_jobs __P((void)); -extern int start_job __P((int, int)); -extern int kill_pid __P((pid_t, int, int)); -extern int initialize_job_control __P((int)); -extern void initialize_job_signals __P((void)); -extern int give_terminal_to __P((pid_t, int)); +extern void notify_and_cleanup PARAMS((void)); +extern void reap_dead_jobs PARAMS((void)); +extern int start_job PARAMS((int, int)); +extern int kill_pid PARAMS((pid_t, int, int)); +extern int initialize_job_control PARAMS((int)); +extern void initialize_job_signals PARAMS((void)); +extern int give_terminal_to PARAMS((pid_t, int)); -extern void run_sigchld_trap __P((int)); +extern void run_sigchld_trap PARAMS((int)); -extern int freeze_jobs_list __P((void)); -extern void unfreeze_jobs_list __P((void)); -extern void set_jobs_list_frozen __P((int)); -extern int set_job_control __P((int)); -extern void without_job_control __P((void)); -extern void end_job_control __P((void)); -extern void restart_job_control __P((void)); -extern void set_sigchld_handler __P((void)); -extern void ignore_tty_job_signals __P((void)); -extern void default_tty_job_signals __P((void)); -extern void get_original_tty_job_signals __P((void)); +extern int freeze_jobs_list PARAMS((void)); +extern void unfreeze_jobs_list PARAMS((void)); +extern void set_jobs_list_frozen PARAMS((int)); +extern int set_job_control PARAMS((int)); +extern void without_job_control PARAMS((void)); +extern void end_job_control PARAMS((void)); +extern void restart_job_control PARAMS((void)); +extern void set_sigchld_handler PARAMS((void)); +extern void ignore_tty_job_signals PARAMS((void)); +extern void default_tty_job_signals PARAMS((void)); +extern void get_original_tty_job_signals PARAMS((void)); -extern void init_job_stats __P((void)); +extern void init_job_stats PARAMS((void)); -extern void close_pgrp_pipe __P((void)); -extern void save_pgrp_pipe __P((int *, int)); -extern void restore_pgrp_pipe __P((int *)); +extern void close_pgrp_pipe PARAMS((void)); +extern void save_pgrp_pipe PARAMS((int *, int)); +extern void restore_pgrp_pipe PARAMS((int *)); -extern void set_maxchild __P((int)); +extern void set_maxchild PARAMS((int)); extern int job_control; /* set to 0 in nojobs.c */ diff --git a/lib/readline/display.c b/lib/readline/display.c index 512965417..03126313b 100644 --- a/lib/readline/display.c +++ b/lib/readline/display.c @@ -605,7 +605,9 @@ static void init_line_structures (int minsize) { register int n; + int osize; + osize = minsize; if (minsize <= _rl_screenwidth) /* XXX - for gdb */ minsize = _rl_screenwidth + 1; @@ -625,7 +627,7 @@ init_line_structures (int minsize) invisible_line = (char *)xrealloc (invisible_line, line_size); } - for (n = minsize; n < line_size; n++) + for (n = osize; n < line_size; n++) { visible_line[n] = 0; invisible_line[n] = 1; diff --git a/parse.y b/parse.y index 45fce9854..6bab5dfa4 100644 --- a/parse.y +++ b/parse.y @@ -4435,7 +4435,7 @@ xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags) return ret; } -/*itrace("xparse_dolparen: size = %d shell_input_line = `%s'", shell_input_line_size, shell_input_line);*/ +/*itrace("xparse_dolparen: size = %d shell_input_line = `%s' string=`%s'", shell_input_line_size, shell_input_line, string);*/ sflags = SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_NOFREE; if (flags & SX_NOLONGJMP) sflags |= SEVAL_NOLONGJMP; @@ -4459,12 +4459,14 @@ xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags) if (current_token == shell_eof_token) yyclearin; /* might want to clear lookahead token unconditionally */ - shell_eof_token = orig_eof_token; - restore_parser_state (&ps); reset_parser (); - /* reset_parser clears shell_input_line and associated variables */ + /* reset_parser() clears shell_input_line and associated variables, including + parser_state, so we want to reset things, then restore what we need. */ restore_input_line_state (&ls); + shell_eof_token = orig_eof_token; + restore_parser_state (&ps); + #if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) pushed_string_list = saved_pushed_strings; #endif diff --git a/sig.c b/sig.c index 44cf0f4fb..d49d0d4f5 100644 --- a/sig.c +++ b/sig.c @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ termsig_handler (sig) #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) unlink_fifo_list (); # if defined (JOB_CONTROL) - discard_last_procsub_child (); + procsub_clear (); # endif #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ diff --git a/siglist.c b/siglist.c index 0e51b8364..d8361dd79 100644 --- a/siglist.c +++ b/siglist.c @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ #if !defined (HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST) && !defined (HAVE_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST) && !defined (HAVE_STRSIGNAL) #include -#include "bashtypes.h" +#include "general.h" #include #include "siglist.h" @@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ #endif #include "bashintl.h" -#include "xmalloc.h" char *sys_siglist[NSIG]; @@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ initialize_siglist () if (!sys_siglist[i]) { sys_siglist[i] = - (char *)xmalloc (10 + strlen (_("Unknown Signal #"))); + (char *)xmalloc (INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int) + 1 + strlen (_("Unknown Signal #%d"))); sprintf (sys_siglist[i], _("Unknown Signal #%d"), i); } diff --git a/subst.c b/subst.c index 10a1d9061..6c4d56cd9 100644 --- a/subst.c +++ b/subst.c @@ -5539,6 +5539,8 @@ reap_procsubs () reap_some_procsubs (nfifo); } +#if 0 +/* UNUSED */ void wait_procsubs () { @@ -5549,11 +5551,12 @@ wait_procsubs () if (fifo_list[i].proc != (pid_t)-1 && fifo_list[i].proc > 0) { r = wait_for (fifo_list[i].proc); - /* add to bgpids list? have to make interface public */ + save_proc_status (fifo_list[i].proc, r); fifo_list[i].proc = (pid_t)-1; } } } +#endif int fifos_pending () @@ -5773,6 +5776,8 @@ reap_procsubs () reap_some_procsubs (totfds); } +#if 0 +/* UNUSED */ void wait_procsubs () { @@ -5783,11 +5788,12 @@ wait_procsubs () if (dev_fd_list[i] != (pid_t)-1 && dev_fd_list[i] > 0) { r = wait_for (dev_fd_list[i]); - /* add to bgpids list? have to make interface public */ + save_proc_status (dev_fd_list[i], r); dev_fd_list[i] = (pid_t)-1; } } } +#endif #if defined (NOTDEF) print_dev_fd_list () @@ -5937,9 +5943,11 @@ process_substitute (string, open_for_read_in_child) if (pid > 0) { #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) - if (last_procsub_child) - discard_last_procsub_child (); last_procsub_child = restore_pipeline (0); + /* We assume that last_procsub_child->next == last_procsub_child because + of how jobs.c:add_process() works. */ + last_procsub_child->next = 0; + procsub_add (last_procsub_child); #endif #if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) @@ -5967,6 +5975,9 @@ process_substitute (string, open_for_read_in_child) /* make sure we don't have any job control */ set_job_control (0); + /* Clear out any existing list of process substitutions */ + procsub_clear (); + /* The idea is that we want all the jobs we start from an async process substitution to be in the same process group, but not the same pgrp as our parent shell, since we don't want to affect our parent shell's diff --git a/tests/errors.right b/tests/errors.right index e62dda3f9..12eb047ce 100644 --- a/tests/errors.right +++ b/tests/errors.right @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ declare: usage: declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...] ./errors.tests: line 74: declare: `/bin/sh': not a valid identifier ./errors.tests: line 78: declare: cannot use `-f' to make functions ./errors.tests: line 81: exec: -i: invalid option -exec: usage: exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...] +exec: usage: exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argument ...]] [redirection ...] ./errors.tests: line 85: export: XPATH: not a function ./errors.tests: line 88: break: only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop ./errors.tests: line 89: continue: only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop diff --git a/tests/getopts.right b/tests/getopts.right index 4cd0e2bb0..599d830a3 100644 --- a/tests/getopts.right +++ b/tests/getopts.right @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -getopts: usage: getopts optstring name [arg] +getopts: usage: getopts optstring name [arg ...] 2 -getopts: usage: getopts optstring name [arg] +getopts: usage: getopts optstring name [arg ...] 2 ./getopts.tests: line 23: getopts: -a: invalid option -getopts: usage: getopts optstring name [arg] +getopts: usage: getopts optstring name [arg ...] -a specified -b bval specified remaining args: one two three