From: Chet Ramey Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2013 16:33:42 +0000 (-0500) Subject: commit bash-20131025 snapshot X-Git-Tag: bash-4.4-alpha~120 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=d76edd307c1e53bcf497723365dfa1e31b0f1325;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20131025 snapshot --- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index e53d117c0..789bf8eec 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -5309,3 +5309,37 @@ aclocal.m4 doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - document new -@ option to cd builtin + + 10/28 + ----- +lib/glob/{{gmisc,glob}.c,glob.h} + - extglob_pattern renamed to extglob_pattern_p, declared in glob.h + +subst.c + - expand_word_internal: typo fix: case to fix " $@\ " bug in bash-4.2 + had a typo (& isexp instead of &&) + + 10/29 + ----- +input.c + - getc_with_restart: make sure local_index and local_bufused are + reset to 0 before returning EOF, in case we are running an interactive + shell without line editing and ignoreeof is set. Report and fix + from Yong Zhang + +lib/readline/search.c + - _rl_nsearch_init: take out extra third argument to rl_message; it + only matches prototype (and maybe format) in cases where + PREFER_STDARG and USE_VARARGS are both undefined, which is rare + + 10/31 + ----- +subst.c + - process_substitute: when opening the named pipe in the child, open + without O_NONBLOCK to avoid race conditions. Happens often on AIX. + Bug report and fix from Michael Haubenwallner + + +builtins/ulimit.def + - RLIMIT_NTHR: if RLIMIT_PTHREAD is not defined, but RLIMIT_NTHR is, + use RLIMIT_NTHR (NetBSD) diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ index 391e0bf55..3b7ce28ea 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ @@ -5306,3 +5306,36 @@ aclocal.m4 - BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE: check for wcwidth being broken with unicode combining characters needs a value to use when cross-compiling. Bug report from Bert Sutherland + +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - document new -@ option to cd builtin + + 10/28 + ----- +lib/glob/{{gmisc,glob}.c,glob.h} + - extglob_pattern renamed to extglob_pattern_p, declared in glob.h + +subst.c + - expand_word_internal: typo fix: case to fix " $@\ " bug in bash-4.2 + had a typo (& isexp instead of &&) + + 10/29 + ----- +input.c + - getc_with_restart: make sure local_index and local_bufused are + reset to 0 before returning EOF, in case we are running an interactive + shell without line editing and ignoreeof is set. Report and fix + from Yong Zhang + +lib/readline/search.c + - _rl_nsearch_init: take out extra third argument to rl_message; it + only matches prototype (and maybe format) in cases where + PREFER_STDARG and USE_VARARGS are both undefined, which is rare + + 10/31 + ----- +subst.c + - process_substitute: when opening the named pipe in the child, open + without O_NONBLOCK to avoid race conditions. Happens often on AIX. + Bug report and fix from Michael Haubenwallner + diff --git a/autom4te.cache/output.0 b/autom4te.cache/output.0 index d8c7acb86..86f74dd20 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/output.0 +++ b/autom4te.cache/output.0 @@ -11237,10 +11237,7 @@ if ${bash_cv_wcwidth_broken+:} false; then : $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6 else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then : - { { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} -as_fn_error $? "cannot run test program while cross compiling -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } + bash_cv_wcwidth_broken=no else cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ diff --git a/autom4te.cache/requests b/autom4te.cache/requests index 02bcb61df..683cbb60b 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/requests +++ b/autom4te.cache/requests @@ -15,57 +15,57 @@ 'configure.ac' ], { - 'AM_PROG_F77_C_O' => 1, '_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1, - 'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1, + 'AM_PROG_F77_C_O' => 1, 'AC_INIT' => 1, - 'AC_CANONICAL_TARGET' => 1, + 'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1, '_AM_COND_IF' => 1, - 'AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR' => 1, + 'AC_CANONICAL_TARGET' => 1, 'AC_SUBST' => 1, - 'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1, + 'AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR' => 1, 'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1, + 'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1, 'AC_PROG_LIBTOOL' => 1, 'AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' => 1, - 'AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS' => 1, 'AM_PATH_GUILE' => 1, + 'AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS' => 1, 'AM_AUTOMAKE_VERSION' => 1, 'LT_CONFIG_LTDL_DIR' => 1, - 'AC_CONFIG_LINKS' => 1, 'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1, - 'LT_SUPPORTED_TAG' => 1, + 'AC_CONFIG_LINKS' => 1, 'm4_sinclude' => 1, + 'LT_SUPPORTED_TAG' => 1, 'AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' => 1, 'AM_NLS' => 1, 'AC_FC_PP_DEFINE' => 1, 'AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR' => 1, - '_m4_warn' => 1, 'AM_MAKEFILE_INCLUDE' => 1, + '_m4_warn' => 1, 'AM_PROG_CXX_C_O' => 1, - '_AM_MAKEFILE_INCLUDE' => 1, '_AM_COND_ENDIF' => 1, + '_AM_MAKEFILE_INCLUDE' => 1, 'AM_ENABLE_MULTILIB' => 1, 'AM_SILENT_RULES' => 1, 'AM_PROG_MOC' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_FILES' => 1, - 'LT_INIT' => 1, 'include' => 1, - 'AM_GNU_GETTEXT' => 1, + 'LT_INIT' => 1, 'AM_PROG_AR' => 1, + 'AM_GNU_GETTEXT' => 1, 'AC_LIBSOURCE' => 1, - 'AC_CANONICAL_BUILD' => 1, 'AM_PROG_FC_C_O' => 1, + 'AC_CANONICAL_BUILD' => 1, 'AC_FC_FREEFORM' => 1, - 'AC_FC_PP_SRCEXT' => 1, 'AH_OUTPUT' => 1, - 'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1, + 'AC_FC_PP_SRCEXT' => 1, '_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1, - 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1, - 'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1, + 'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1, 'sinclude' => 1, - 'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1, - 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1, + 'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1, + 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1, 'AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION' => 1, + 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1, + 'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_HEADERS' => 1, 'AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL' => 1, 'AM_POT_TOOLS' => 1, diff --git a/autom4te.cache/traces.0 b/autom4te.cache/traces.0 index 121706b2d..700613e68 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/traces.0 +++ b/autom4te.cache/traces.0 @@ -1882,13 +1882,6 @@ You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2764: AC_TRY_RUN is ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2052: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1689: BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE is expanded from... configure.ac:849: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.ac:849: -1- _m4_warn([cross], [AC_RUN_IFELSE called without default to allow cross compiling], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2748: AC_RUN_IFELSE is expanded from... -../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2764: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from... -../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:639: AS_IF is expanded from... -../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2031: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... -../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2052: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from... -aclocal.m4:1689: BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE is expanded from... -configure.ac:849: the top level]) m4trace:configure.ac:849: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([WCWIDTH_BROKEN]) m4trace:configure.ac:849: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^WCWIDTH_BROKEN$]) m4trace:configure.ac:849: -1- AH_OUTPUT([WCWIDTH_BROKEN], [/* wcwidth is usually not broken */ diff --git a/bashline.c b/bashline.c index fdc514c7a..5320a4eee 100644 --- a/bashline.c +++ b/bashline.c @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ #include "findcmd.h" #include "pathexp.h" #include "shmbutil.h" +#include "trap.h" #include "builtins/common.h" @@ -4193,6 +4194,7 @@ bash_event_hook () bashline_reset_event_hook (); check_signals_and_traps (); /* XXX */ + return 0; } #endif /* READLINE */ diff --git a/bashline.c~ b/bashline.c~ index 7e351cb66..0671f45ce 100644 --- a/bashline.c~ +++ b/bashline.c~ @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ #include "findcmd.h" #include "pathexp.h" #include "shmbutil.h" +#include "trap.h" #include "builtins/common.h" @@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ static int bash_backward_kill_shellword __P((int, int)); /* Helper functions for Readline. */ static char *restore_tilde __P((char *, char *)); +static char *maybe_restore_tilde __P((char *, char *)); static char *bash_filename_rewrite_hook __P((char *, int)); @@ -1946,7 +1948,7 @@ globword: { if (*hint_text == '~' && directory_part) { - temp = restore_tilde (val, directory_part); + temp = maybe_restore_tilde (val, directory_part); free (val); val = temp; } @@ -2042,7 +2044,7 @@ globword: /* If we performed tilde expansion, restore the original filename. */ if (*hint_text == '~') - temp = restore_tilde (val, directory_part); + temp = maybe_restore_tilde (val, directory_part); else temp = savestring (val); freetemp = 1; @@ -2899,6 +2901,20 @@ restore_tilde (val, directory_part) return (ret); } +static char * +maybe_restore_tilde (val, directory_part) + char *val, *directory_part; +{ + rl_icppfunc_t *save; + char *ret; + + save = (dircomplete_expand == 0) ? save_directory_hook () : (rl_icppfunc_t *)0; + ret = restore_tilde (val, directory_part); + if (save) + restore_directory_hook (save); + return ret; +} + /* Simulate the expansions that will be performed by rl_filename_completion_function. This must be called with the address of a pointer to malloc'd memory. */ diff --git a/braces.c b/braces.c index cd268d1c3..8687c1160 100644 --- a/braces.c +++ b/braces.c @@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ expand_seqterm (text, tlen) if (ISDIGIT (rhs[0]) || ((rhs[0] == '+' || rhs[0] == '-') && ISDIGIT (rhs[1]))) { rhs_t = ST_INT; - errno == 0; + errno = 0; tr = strtoimax (rhs, &ep, 10); if (errno == ERANGE || (ep && *ep != 0 && *ep != '.')) rhs_t = ST_BAD; /* invalid */ diff --git a/braces.c~ b/braces.c~ new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd268d1c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/braces.c~ @@ -0,0 +1,805 @@ +/* braces.c -- code for doing word expansion in curly braces. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash. If not, see . +*/ + +/* Stuff in curly braces gets expanded before all other shell expansions. */ + +#include "config.h" + +#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) + +#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) +# ifdef _MINIX +# include +# endif +# include +#endif + +#include + +#include "bashansi.h" + +#if defined (SHELL) +# include "shell.h" +#endif /* SHELL */ + +#include "typemax.h" /* INTMAX_MIN, INTMAX_MAX */ +#include "general.h" +#include "shmbutil.h" +#include "chartypes.h" + +#ifndef errno +extern int errno; +#endif + +#define brace_whitespace(c) (!(c) || (c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n') + +#define BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER ".." + +extern int asprintf __P((char **, const char *, ...)) __attribute__((__format__ (printf, 2, 3))); + +extern int last_command_exit_value; + +/* Basic idea: + + Segregate the text into 3 sections: preamble (stuff before an open brace), + postamble (stuff after the matching close brace) and amble (stuff after + preamble, and before postamble). Expand amble, and then tack on the + expansions to preamble. Expand postamble, and tack on the expansions to + the result so far. + */ + +/* The character which is used to separate arguments. */ +static const int brace_arg_separator = ','; + +#if defined (__P) +static int brace_gobbler __P((char *, size_t, int *, int)); +static char **expand_amble __P((char *, size_t, int)); +static char **expand_seqterm __P((char *, size_t)); +static char **mkseq __P((intmax_t, intmax_t, intmax_t, int, int)); +static char **array_concat __P((char **, char **)); +#else +static int brace_gobbler (); +static char **expand_amble (); +static char **expand_seqterm (); +static char **mkseq(); +static char **array_concat (); +#endif + +#if 0 +static void +dump_result (a) + char **a; +{ + int i; + + for (i = 0; a[i]; i++) + printf ("dump_result: a[%d] = -%s-\n", i, a[i]); +} +#endif + +/* Return an array of strings; the brace expansion of TEXT. */ +char ** +brace_expand (text) + char *text; +{ + register int start; + size_t tlen; + char *preamble, *postamble, *amble; + size_t alen; + char **tack, **result; + int i, j, c, c1; + + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + /* Find the text of the preamble. */ + tlen = strlen (text); + i = 0; +#if defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT) + c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '{'); /* } */ +#else + /* Make sure that when we exit this loop, c == 0 or text[i] begins a + valid brace expansion sequence. */ + do + { + c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '{'); /* } */ + c1 = c; + /* Verify that c begins a valid brace expansion word. If it doesn't, we + go on. Loop stops when there are no more open braces in the word. */ + if (c) + { + start = j = i + 1; /* { */ + c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &j, '}'); + if (c == 0) /* it's not */ + { + i++; + c = c1; + continue; + } + else /* it is */ + { + c = c1; + break; + } + } + else + break; + } + while (c); +#endif /* !CSH_BRACE_COMPAT */ + + preamble = (char *)xmalloc (i + 1); + if (i > 0) + strncpy (preamble, text, i); + preamble[i] = '\0'; + + result = (char **)xmalloc (2 * sizeof (char *)); + result[0] = preamble; + result[1] = (char *)NULL; + + /* Special case. If we never found an exciting character, then + the preamble is all of the text, so just return that. */ + if (c != '{') + return (result); + + /* Find the amble. This is the stuff inside this set of braces. */ + start = ++i; + c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '}'); + + /* What if there isn't a matching close brace? */ + if (c == 0) + { +#if defined (NOTDEF) + /* Well, if we found an unquoted BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR between START + and I, then this should be an error. Otherwise, it isn't. */ + j = start; + while (j < i) + { + if (text[j] == '\\') + { + j++; + ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, j); + continue; + } + + if (text[j] == brace_arg_separator) + { /* { */ + strvec_dispose (result); + last_command_exit_value = 1; + report_error ("no closing `%c' in %s", '}', text); + throw_to_top_level (); + } + ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, j); + } +#endif + free (preamble); /* Same as result[0]; see initialization. */ + result[0] = savestring (text); + return (result); + } + +#if defined (SHELL) + amble = substring (text, start, i); + alen = i - start; +#else + amble = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (i - start)); + strncpy (amble, &text[start], (i - start)); + alen = i - start; + amble[alen] = '\0'; +#endif + +#if defined (SHELL) + INITIALIZE_MBSTATE; + + /* If the amble does not contain an unquoted BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR, then + just return without doing any expansion. */ + j = 0; + while (amble[j]) + { + if (amble[j] == '\\') + { + j++; + ADVANCE_CHAR (amble, alen, j); + continue; + } + + if (amble[j] == brace_arg_separator) + break; + + ADVANCE_CHAR (amble, alen, j); + } + + if (amble[j] == 0) + { + tack = expand_seqterm (amble, alen); + if (tack) + goto add_tack; + else if (text[i + 1]) + { + /* If the sequence expansion fails (e.g., because the integers + overflow), but there is more in the string, try and process + the rest of the string, which may contain additional brace + expansions. Treat the unexpanded sequence term as a simple + string (including the braces). */ + tack = strvec_create (2); + tack[0] = savestring (text+start-1); + tack[0][i-start+2] = '\0'; + tack[1] = (char *)0; + goto add_tack; + } + else + { + free (amble); + free (preamble); + result[0] = savestring (text); + return (result); + } + } +#endif /* SHELL */ + + tack = expand_amble (amble, alen, 0); +add_tack: + result = array_concat (result, tack); + free (amble); + if (tack != result) + strvec_dispose (tack); + + postamble = text + i + 1; + + if (postamble && *postamble) + { + tack = brace_expand (postamble); + result = array_concat (result, tack); + if (tack != result) + strvec_dispose (tack); + } + + return (result); +} + +/* Expand the text found inside of braces. We simply try to split the + text at BRACE_ARG_SEPARATORs into separate strings. We then brace + expand each slot which needs it, until there are no more slots which + need it. */ +static char ** +expand_amble (text, tlen, flags) + char *text; + size_t tlen; + int flags; +{ + char **result, **partial; + char *tem; + int start, i, c; + + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + result = (char **)NULL; + + start = i = 0; + c = 1; + while (c) + { + c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, brace_arg_separator); +#if defined (SHELL) + tem = substring (text, start, i); +#else + tem = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (i - start)); + strncpy (tem, &text[start], (i - start)); + tem[i- start] = '\0'; +#endif + + partial = brace_expand (tem); + + if (!result) + result = partial; + else + { + register int lr, lp, j; + + lr = strvec_len (result); + lp = strvec_len (partial); + + result = strvec_resize (result, lp + lr + 1); + + for (j = 0; j < lp; j++) + result[lr + j] = partial[j]; + + result[lr + j] = (char *)NULL; + free (partial); + } + free (tem); + ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i); + start = i; + } + return (result); +} + +#define ST_BAD 0 +#define ST_INT 1 +#define ST_CHAR 2 +#define ST_ZINT 3 + +#ifndef sh_imaxabs +# define sh_imaxabs(x) (((x) >= 0) ? (x) : -(x)) +#endif + +/* Handle signed arithmetic overflow and underflow. Have to do it this way + to avoid compilers optimizing out simpler overflow checks. */ + +/* Make sure that a+b does not exceed MAXV or is smaller than MINV (if b < 0). + Assumes that b > 0 if a > 0 and b < 0 if a < 0 */ +#define ADDOVERFLOW(a,b,minv,maxv) \ + ((((a) > 0) && ((b) > ((maxv) - (a)))) || \ + (((a) < 0) && ((b) < ((minv) - (a))))) + +/* Make sure that a-b is not smaller than MINV or exceeds MAXV (if b < 0). + Assumes that b > 0 if a > 0 and b < 0 if a < 0 */ +#define SUBOVERFLOW(a,b,minv,maxv) \ + ((((b) > 0) && ((a) < ((minv) + (b)))) || \ + (((b) < 0) && ((a) > ((maxv) + (b))))) + +static char ** +mkseq (start, end, incr, type, width) + intmax_t start, end, incr; + int type, width; +{ + intmax_t n, prevn; + int i, nelem; + char **result, *t; + + if (incr == 0) + incr = 1; + + if (start > end && incr > 0) + incr = -incr; + else if (start < end && incr < 0) + { + if (incr == INTMAX_MIN) /* Don't use -INTMAX_MIN */ + return ((char **)NULL); + incr = -incr; + } + + /* Check that end-start will not overflow INTMAX_MIN, INTMAX_MAX. The +3 + and -2, not strictly necessary, are there because of the way the number + of elements and value passed to strvec_create() are calculated below. */ + if (SUBOVERFLOW (end, start, INTMAX_MIN+3, INTMAX_MAX-2)) + return ((char **)NULL); + + prevn = sh_imaxabs (end - start); + /* Need to check this way in case INT_MAX == INTMAX_MAX */ + if (INT_MAX == INTMAX_MAX && (ADDOVERFLOW (prevn, 2, INT_MIN, INT_MAX))) + return ((char **)NULL); + /* Make sure the assignment to nelem below doesn't end up <= 0 due to + intmax_t overflow */ + else if (ADDOVERFLOW ((prevn/sh_imaxabs(incr)), 1, INTMAX_MIN, INTMAX_MAX)) + return ((char **)NULL); + + /* XXX - TOFIX: potentially allocating a lot of extra memory if + imaxabs(incr) != 1 */ + /* Instead of a simple nelem = prevn + 1, something like: + nelem = (prevn / imaxabs(incr)) + 1; + would work */ + nelem = (prevn / sh_imaxabs(incr)) + 1; + if (nelem > INT_MAX - 2) /* Don't overflow int */ + return ((char **)NULL); + result = strvec_create (nelem + 1); + + /* Make sure we go through the loop at least once, so {3..3} prints `3' */ + i = 0; + n = start; + do + { +#if defined (SHELL) + QUIT; /* XXX - memory leak here */ +#endif + if (type == ST_INT) + result[i++] = itos (n); + else if (type == ST_ZINT) + { + int len, arg; + arg = n; + len = asprintf (&t, "%0*d", width, arg); + result[i++] = t; + } + else + { + t = (char *)xmalloc (2); + t[0] = n; + t[1] = '\0'; + result[i++] = t; + } + + /* Handle overflow and underflow of n+incr */ + if (ADDOVERFLOW (n, incr, INTMAX_MIN, INTMAX_MAX)) + break; + + n += incr; + + if ((incr < 0 && n < end) || (incr > 0 && n > end)) + break; + } + while (1); + + result[i] = (char *)0; + return (result); +} + +static char ** +expand_seqterm (text, tlen) + char *text; + size_t tlen; +{ + char *t, *lhs, *rhs; + int i, lhs_t, rhs_t, lhs_l, rhs_l, width; + intmax_t lhs_v, rhs_v, incr; + intmax_t tl, tr; + char **result, *ep, *oep; + + t = strstr (text, BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER); + if (t == 0) + return ((char **)NULL); + + lhs_l = t - text; /* index of start of BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER */ + lhs = substring (text, 0, lhs_l); + rhs = substring (text, lhs_l + sizeof(BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER) - 1, tlen); + + if (lhs[0] == 0 || rhs[0] == 0) + { + free (lhs); + free (rhs); + return ((char **)NULL); + } + + /* Now figure out whether LHS and RHS are integers or letters. Both + sides have to match. */ + lhs_t = (legal_number (lhs, &tl)) ? ST_INT : + ((ISALPHA (lhs[0]) && lhs[1] == 0) ? ST_CHAR : ST_BAD); + + /* Decide on rhs and whether or not it looks like the user specified + an increment */ + ep = 0; + if (ISDIGIT (rhs[0]) || ((rhs[0] == '+' || rhs[0] == '-') && ISDIGIT (rhs[1]))) + { + rhs_t = ST_INT; + errno == 0; + tr = strtoimax (rhs, &ep, 10); + if (errno == ERANGE || (ep && *ep != 0 && *ep != '.')) + rhs_t = ST_BAD; /* invalid */ + } + else if (ISALPHA (rhs[0]) && (rhs[1] == 0 || rhs[1] == '.')) + { + rhs_t = ST_CHAR; + ep = rhs + 1; + } + else + { + rhs_t = ST_BAD; + ep = 0; + } + + incr = 1; + if (rhs_t != ST_BAD) + { + oep = ep; + errno = 0; + if (ep && *ep == '.' && ep[1] == '.' && ep[2]) + incr = strtoimax (ep + 2, &ep, 10); + if (*ep != 0 || errno == ERANGE) + rhs_t = ST_BAD; /* invalid incr or overflow */ + tlen -= ep - oep; + } + + if (lhs_t != rhs_t || lhs_t == ST_BAD || rhs_t == ST_BAD) + { + free (lhs); + free (rhs); + return ((char **)NULL); + } + + /* OK, we have something. It's either a sequence of integers, ascending + or descending, or a sequence or letters, ditto. Generate the sequence, + put it into a string vector, and return it. */ + + if (lhs_t == ST_CHAR) + { + lhs_v = (unsigned char)lhs[0]; + rhs_v = (unsigned char)rhs[0]; + width = 1; + } + else + { + lhs_v = tl; /* integer truncation */ + rhs_v = tr; + + /* Decide whether or not the terms need zero-padding */ + rhs_l = tlen - lhs_l - sizeof (BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER) + 1; + width = 0; + if (lhs_l > 1 && lhs[0] == '0') + width = lhs_l, lhs_t = ST_ZINT; + if (lhs_l > 2 && lhs[0] == '-' && lhs[1] == '0') + width = lhs_l, lhs_t = ST_ZINT; + if (rhs_l > 1 && rhs[0] == '0' && width < rhs_l) + width = rhs_l, lhs_t = ST_ZINT; + if (rhs_l > 2 && rhs[0] == '-' && rhs[1] == '0' && width < rhs_l) + width = rhs_l, lhs_t = ST_ZINT; + + if (width < lhs_l && lhs_t == ST_ZINT) + width = lhs_l; + if (width < rhs_l && lhs_t == ST_ZINT) + width = rhs_l; + } + + result = mkseq (lhs_v, rhs_v, incr, lhs_t, width); + + free (lhs); + free (rhs); + + return (result); +} + +/* Start at INDEX, and skip characters in TEXT. Set INDEX to the + index of the character matching SATISFY. This understands about + quoting. Return the character that caused us to stop searching; + this is either the same as SATISFY, or 0. */ +/* If SATISFY is `}', we are looking for a brace expression, so we + should enforce the rules that govern valid brace expansions: + 1) to count as an arg separator, a comma or `..' has to be outside + an inner set of braces. +*/ +static int +brace_gobbler (text, tlen, indx, satisfy) + char *text; + size_t tlen; + int *indx; + int satisfy; +{ + register int i, c, quoted, level, commas, pass_next; +#if defined (SHELL) + int si; + char *t; +#endif + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + level = quoted = pass_next = 0; +#if defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT) + commas = 1; +#else + commas = (satisfy == '}') ? 0 : 1; +#endif + + i = *indx; + while (c = text[i]) + { + if (pass_next) + { + pass_next = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i); + continue; + } + + /* A backslash escapes the next character. This allows backslash to + escape the quote character in a double-quoted string. */ + if (c == '\\' && (quoted == 0 || quoted == '"' || quoted == '`')) + { + pass_next = 1; + i++; + continue; + } + +#if defined (SHELL) + /* If compiling for the shell, treat ${...} like \{...} */ + if (c == '$' && text[i+1] == '{' && quoted != '\'') /* } */ + { + pass_next = 1; + i++; + if (quoted == 0) + level++; + continue; + } +#endif + + if (quoted) + { + if (c == quoted) + quoted = 0; +#if defined (SHELL) + /* The shell allows quoted command substitutions */ + if (quoted == '"' && c == '$' && text[i+1] == '(') /*)*/ + goto comsub; +#endif + ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i); + continue; + } + + if (c == '"' || c == '\'' || c == '`') + { + quoted = c; + i++; + continue; + } + +#if defined (SHELL) + /* Pass new-style command and process substitutions through unchanged. */ + if ((c == '$' || c == '<' || c == '>') && text[i+1] == '(') /* ) */ + { +comsub: + si = i + 2; + t = extract_command_subst (text, &si, 0); + i = si; + free (t); + i++; + continue; + } +#endif + + if (c == satisfy && level == 0 && quoted == 0 && commas > 0) + { + /* We ignore an open brace surrounded by whitespace, and also + an open brace followed immediately by a close brace preceded + by whitespace. */ + if (c == '{' && + ((!i || brace_whitespace (text[i - 1])) && + (brace_whitespace (text[i + 1]) || text[i + 1] == '}'))) + { + i++; + continue; + } + + break; + } + + if (c == '{') + level++; + else if (c == '}' && level) + level--; +#if !defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT) + else if (satisfy == '}' && c == brace_arg_separator && level == 0) + commas++; + else if (satisfy == '}' && STREQN (text+i, BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER, 2) && + text[i+2] != satisfy && level == 0) + commas++; +#endif + + ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i); + } + + *indx = i; + return (c); +} + +/* Return 1 if ARR has any non-empty-string members. Used to short-circuit + in array_concat() below. */ +static int +degenerate_array (arr) + char **arr; +{ + register int i; + + for (i = 0; arr[i]; i++) + if (arr[i][0] != '\0') + return 0; + return 1; +} + +/* Return a new array of strings which is the result of appending each + string in ARR2 to each string in ARR1. The resultant array is + len (arr1) * len (arr2) long. For convenience, ARR1 (and its contents) + are free ()'ed. ARR1 can be NULL, in that case, a new version of ARR2 + is returned. */ +static char ** +array_concat (arr1, arr2) + char **arr1, **arr2; +{ + register int i, j, len, len1, len2; + register char **result; + + if (arr1 == 0) + return (arr2); /* XXX - see if we can get away without copying? */ + + if (arr2 == 0) + return (arr1); /* XXX - caller expects us to free arr1 */ + + /* We can only short-circuit if the array consists of a single null element; + otherwise we need to replicate the contents of the other array and + prefix (or append, below) an empty element to each one. */ + if (arr1[0] && arr1[0][0] == 0 && arr1[1] == 0) + { + strvec_dispose (arr1); + return (arr2); /* XXX - use flags to see if we can avoid copying here */ + } + + if (arr2[0] && arr2[0][0] == 0 && arr2[1] == 0) + return (arr1); /* XXX - rather than copying and freeing it */ + + len1 = strvec_len (arr1); + len2 = strvec_len (arr2); + + result = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + (len1 * len2)) * sizeof (char *)); + + len = 0; + for (i = 0; i < len1; i++) + { + int strlen_1 = strlen (arr1[i]); + + for (j = 0; j < len2; j++) + { + result[len] = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen_1 + strlen (arr2[j])); + strcpy (result[len], arr1[i]); + strcpy (result[len] + strlen_1, arr2[j]); + len++; + } + free (arr1[i]); + } + free (arr1); + + result[len] = (char *)NULL; + return (result); +} + +#if defined (TEST) +#include + +fatal_error (format, arg1, arg2) + char *format, *arg1, *arg2; +{ + report_error (format, arg1, arg2); + exit (1); +} + +report_error (format, arg1, arg2) + char *format, *arg1, *arg2; +{ + fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2); + fprintf (stderr, "\n"); +} + +main () +{ + char example[256]; + + for (;;) + { + char **result; + int i; + + fprintf (stderr, "brace_expand> "); + + if ((!fgets (example, 256, stdin)) || + (strncmp (example, "quit", 4) == 0)) + break; + + if (strlen (example)) + example[strlen (example) - 1] = '\0'; + + result = brace_expand (example); + + for (i = 0; result[i]; i++) + printf ("%s\n", result[i]); + + free_array (result); + } +} + +/* + * Local variables: + * compile-command: "gcc -g -Bstatic -DTEST -o brace_expand braces.c general.o" + * end: + */ + +#endif /* TEST */ +#endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */ diff --git a/builtins/ulimit.def b/builtins/ulimit.def index e830e7998..e551cfff4 100644 --- a/builtins/ulimit.def +++ b/builtins/ulimit.def @@ -170,6 +170,10 @@ extern int errno; # define RLIMIT_MAXUPROC 260 #endif +#if !defined (RLIMIT_PTHREAD) && defined (RLIMIT_NTHR) +# define RLIMIT_PTHREAD RLIMIT_NTHR +#endif + #if !defined (RLIM_INFINITY) # define RLIM_INFINITY 0x7fffffff #endif diff --git a/builtins/ulimit.def~ b/builtins/ulimit.def~ new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e830e7998 --- /dev/null +++ b/builtins/ulimit.def~ @@ -0,0 +1,779 @@ +This file is ulimit.def, from which is created ulimit.c. +It implements the builtin "ulimit" in Bash. + +Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + +Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + +Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with Bash. If not, see . + +$PRODUCES ulimit.c + +$BUILTIN ulimit +$FUNCTION ulimit_builtin +$DEPENDS_ON !_MINIX +$SHORT_DOC ulimit [-SHabcdefilmnpqrstuvxT] [limit] +Modify shell resource limits. + +Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes +it creates, on systems that allow such control. + +Options: + -S use the `soft' resource limit + -H use the `hard' resource limit + -a all current limits are reported + -b the socket buffer size + -c the maximum size of core files created + -d the maximum size of a process's data segment + -e the maximum scheduling priority (`nice') + -f the maximum size of files written by the shell and its children + -i the maximum number of pending signals + -l the maximum size a process may lock into memory + -m the maximum resident set size + -n the maximum number of open file descriptors + -p the pipe buffer size + -q the maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues + -r the maximum real-time scheduling priority + -s the maximum stack size + -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds + -u the maximum number of user processes + -v the size of virtual memory + -x the maximum number of file locks + -T the maximum number of threads + +Not all options are available on all platforms. + +If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the +special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the +current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively. +Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If +no option is given, then -f is assumed. + +Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, +-p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled +number of processes. + +Exit Status: +Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. +$END + +#if !defined (_MINIX) + +#include + +#include "../bashtypes.h" +#if defined (HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H) +# include +#endif + +#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) +# include +#endif + +#include +#include + +#include "../bashintl.h" + +#include "../shell.h" +#include "common.h" +#include "bashgetopt.h" +#include "pipesize.h" + +#if !defined (errno) +extern int errno; +#endif + +/* For some reason, HPUX chose to make these definitions visible only if + _KERNEL is defined, so we define _KERNEL before including + and #undef it afterward. */ +#if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) +# include +# if defined (HPUX) && defined (RLIMIT_NEEDS_KERNEL) +# define _KERNEL +# endif +# include +# if defined (HPUX) && defined (RLIMIT_NEEDS_KERNEL) +# undef _KERNEL +# endif +#elif defined (HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H) +# include +#endif + +#if defined (HAVE_LIMITS_H) +# include +#endif + +/* Check for the most basic symbols. If they aren't present, this + system's isn't very useful to us. */ +#if !defined (RLIMIT_FSIZE) || !defined (HAVE_GETRLIMIT) +# undef HAVE_RESOURCE +#endif + +#if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) && defined (HAVE_ULIMIT_H) +# include +#endif + +#if !defined (RLIMTYPE) +# define RLIMTYPE long +# define string_to_rlimtype(s) strtol(s, (char **)NULL, 10) +# define print_rlimtype(num, nl) printf ("%ld%s", num, nl ? "\n" : "") +#endif + +/* Some systems use RLIMIT_NOFILE, others use RLIMIT_OFILE */ +#if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) && defined (RLIMIT_OFILE) && !defined (RLIMIT_NOFILE) +# define RLIMIT_NOFILE RLIMIT_OFILE +#endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE && RLIMIT_OFILE && !RLIMIT_NOFILE */ + +/* Some systems have these, some do not. */ +#ifdef RLIMIT_FSIZE +# define RLIMIT_FILESIZE RLIMIT_FSIZE +#else +# define RLIMIT_FILESIZE 256 +#endif + +#define RLIMIT_PIPESIZE 257 + +#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE +# define RLIMIT_OPENFILES RLIMIT_NOFILE +#else +# define RLIMIT_OPENFILES 258 +#endif + +#ifdef RLIMIT_VMEM +# define RLIMIT_VIRTMEM RLIMIT_VMEM +# define RLIMIT_VMBLKSZ 1024 +#else +# ifdef RLIMIT_AS +# define RLIMIT_VIRTMEM RLIMIT_AS +# define RLIMIT_VMBLKSZ 1024 +# else +# define RLIMIT_VIRTMEM 259 +# define RLIMIT_VMBLKSZ 1 +# endif +#endif + +#ifdef RLIMIT_NPROC +# define RLIMIT_MAXUPROC RLIMIT_NPROC +#else +# define RLIMIT_MAXUPROC 260 +#endif + +#if !defined (RLIM_INFINITY) +# define RLIM_INFINITY 0x7fffffff +#endif + +#if !defined (RLIM_SAVED_CUR) +# define RLIM_SAVED_CUR RLIM_INFINITY +#endif + +#if !defined (RLIM_SAVED_MAX) +# define RLIM_SAVED_MAX RLIM_INFINITY +#endif + +#define LIMIT_HARD 0x01 +#define LIMIT_SOFT 0x02 + +/* "Blocks" are defined as 512 bytes when in Posix mode and 1024 bytes + otherwise. */ +#define POSIXBLK -2 + +#define BLOCKSIZE(x) (((x) == POSIXBLK) ? (posixly_correct ? 512 : 1024) : (x)) + +extern int posixly_correct; + +static int _findlim __P((int)); + +static int ulimit_internal __P((int, char *, int, int)); + +static int get_limit __P((int, RLIMTYPE *, RLIMTYPE *)); +static int set_limit __P((int, RLIMTYPE, int)); + +static void printone __P((int, RLIMTYPE, int)); +static void print_all_limits __P((int)); + +static int set_all_limits __P((int, RLIMTYPE)); + +static int filesize __P((RLIMTYPE *)); +static int pipesize __P((RLIMTYPE *)); +static int getmaxuprc __P((RLIMTYPE *)); +static int getmaxvm __P((RLIMTYPE *, RLIMTYPE *)); + +typedef struct { + int option; /* The ulimit option for this limit. */ + int parameter; /* Parameter to pass to get_limit (). */ + int block_factor; /* Blocking factor for specific limit. */ + const char * const description; /* Descriptive string to output. */ + const char * const units; /* scale */ +} RESOURCE_LIMITS; + +static RESOURCE_LIMITS limits[] = { +#ifdef RLIMIT_PTHREAD + { 'T', RLIMIT_PTHREAD, 1, "number of threads", (char *)NULL }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_SBSIZE + { 'b', RLIMIT_SBSIZE, 1, "socket buffer size", "bytes" }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_CORE + { 'c', RLIMIT_CORE, POSIXBLK, "core file size", "blocks" }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_DATA + { 'd', RLIMIT_DATA, 1024, "data seg size", "kbytes" }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_NICE + { 'e', RLIMIT_NICE, 1, "scheduling priority", (char *)NULL }, +#endif + { 'f', RLIMIT_FILESIZE, POSIXBLK, "file size", "blocks" }, +#ifdef RLIMIT_SIGPENDING + { 'i', RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, 1, "pending signals", (char *)NULL }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_MEMLOCK + { 'l', RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, 1024, "max locked memory", "kbytes" }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_RSS + { 'm', RLIMIT_RSS, 1024, "max memory size", "kbytes" }, +#endif /* RLIMIT_RSS */ + { 'n', RLIMIT_OPENFILES, 1, "open files", (char *)NULL}, + { 'p', RLIMIT_PIPESIZE, 512, "pipe size", "512 bytes" }, +#ifdef RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE + { 'q', RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, 1, "POSIX message queues", "bytes" }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_RTPRIO + { 'r', RLIMIT_RTPRIO, 1, "real-time priority", (char *)NULL }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_STACK + { 's', RLIMIT_STACK, 1024, "stack size", "kbytes" }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_CPU + { 't', RLIMIT_CPU, 1, "cpu time", "seconds" }, +#endif /* RLIMIT_CPU */ + { 'u', RLIMIT_MAXUPROC, 1, "max user processes", (char *)NULL }, +#if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) + { 'v', RLIMIT_VIRTMEM, RLIMIT_VMBLKSZ, "virtual memory", "kbytes" }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_SWAP + { 'w', RLIMIT_SWAP, 1024, "swap size", "kbytes" }, +#endif +#ifdef RLIMIT_LOCKS + { 'x', RLIMIT_LOCKS, 1, "file locks", (char *)NULL }, +#endif + { -1, -1, -1, (char *)NULL, (char *)NULL } +}; +#define NCMDS (sizeof(limits) / sizeof(limits[0])) + +typedef struct _cmd { + int cmd; + char *arg; +} ULCMD; + +static ULCMD *cmdlist; +static int ncmd; +static int cmdlistsz; + +#if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) && !defined (HAVE_ULIMIT) +long +ulimit (cmd, newlim) + int cmd; + long newlim; +{ + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; +} +#endif /* !HAVE_RESOURCE && !HAVE_ULIMIT */ + +static int +_findlim (opt) + int opt; +{ + register int i; + + for (i = 0; limits[i].option > 0; i++) + if (limits[i].option == opt) + return i; + return -1; +} + +static char optstring[4 + 2 * NCMDS]; + +/* Report or set limits associated with certain per-process resources. + See the help documentation in builtins.c for a full description. */ +int +ulimit_builtin (list) + register WORD_LIST *list; +{ + register char *s; + int c, limind, mode, opt, all_limits; + + mode = 0; + + all_limits = 0; + + /* Idea stolen from pdksh -- build option string the first time called. */ + if (optstring[0] == 0) + { + s = optstring; + *s++ = 'a'; *s++ = 'S'; *s++ = 'H'; + for (c = 0; limits[c].option > 0; c++) + { + *s++ = limits[c].option; + *s++ = ';'; + } + *s = '\0'; + } + + /* Initialize the command list. */ + if (cmdlistsz == 0) + cmdlist = (ULCMD *)xmalloc ((cmdlistsz = 16) * sizeof (ULCMD)); + ncmd = 0; + + reset_internal_getopt (); + while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, optstring)) != -1) + { + switch (opt) + { + case 'a': + all_limits++; + break; + + /* -S and -H are modifiers, not real options. */ + case 'S': + mode |= LIMIT_SOFT; + break; + + case 'H': + mode |= LIMIT_HARD; + break; + + case '?': + builtin_usage (); + return (EX_USAGE); + + default: + if (ncmd >= cmdlistsz) + cmdlist = (ULCMD *)xrealloc (cmdlist, (cmdlistsz *= 2) * sizeof (ULCMD)); + cmdlist[ncmd].cmd = opt; + cmdlist[ncmd++].arg = list_optarg; + break; + } + } + list = loptend; + + if (all_limits) + { +#ifdef NOTYET + if (list) /* setting */ + { + if (STREQ (list->word->word, "unlimited") == 0) + { + builtin_error (_("%s: invalid limit argument"), list->word->word); + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + return (set_all_limits (mode == 0 ? LIMIT_SOFT|LIMIT_HARD : mode, RLIM_INFINITY)); + } +#endif + print_all_limits (mode == 0 ? LIMIT_SOFT : mode); + return (sh_chkwrite (EXECUTION_SUCCESS)); + } + + /* default is `ulimit -f' */ + if (ncmd == 0) + { + cmdlist[ncmd].cmd = 'f'; + /* `ulimit something' is same as `ulimit -f something' */ + cmdlist[ncmd++].arg = list ? list->word->word : (char *)NULL; + if (list) + list = list->next; + } + + /* verify each command in the list. */ + for (c = 0; c < ncmd; c++) + { + limind = _findlim (cmdlist[c].cmd); + if (limind == -1) + { + builtin_error (_("`%c': bad command"), cmdlist[c].cmd); + return (EX_USAGE); + } + } + + for (c = 0; c < ncmd; c++) + if (ulimit_internal (cmdlist[c].cmd, cmdlist[c].arg, mode, ncmd > 1) == EXECUTION_FAILURE) + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + + return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); +} + +static int +ulimit_internal (cmd, cmdarg, mode, multiple) + int cmd; + char *cmdarg; + int mode, multiple; +{ + int opt, limind, setting; + int block_factor; + RLIMTYPE soft_limit, hard_limit, real_limit, limit; + + setting = cmdarg != 0; + limind = _findlim (cmd); + if (mode == 0) + mode = setting ? (LIMIT_HARD|LIMIT_SOFT) : LIMIT_SOFT; + opt = get_limit (limind, &soft_limit, &hard_limit); + if (opt < 0) + { + builtin_error (_("%s: cannot get limit: %s"), limits[limind].description, + strerror (errno)); + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + + if (setting == 0) /* print the value of the specified limit */ + { + printone (limind, (mode & LIMIT_SOFT) ? soft_limit : hard_limit, multiple); + return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); + } + + /* Setting the limit. */ + if (STREQ (cmdarg, "hard")) + real_limit = hard_limit; + else if (STREQ (cmdarg, "soft")) + real_limit = soft_limit; + else if (STREQ (cmdarg, "unlimited")) + real_limit = RLIM_INFINITY; + else if (all_digits (cmdarg)) + { + limit = string_to_rlimtype (cmdarg); + block_factor = BLOCKSIZE(limits[limind].block_factor); + real_limit = limit * block_factor; + + if ((real_limit / block_factor) != limit) + { + sh_erange (cmdarg, _("limit")); + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + } + else + { + sh_invalidnum (cmdarg); + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + + if (set_limit (limind, real_limit, mode) < 0) + { + builtin_error (_("%s: cannot modify limit: %s"), limits[limind].description, + strerror (errno)); + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + + return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); +} + +static int +get_limit (ind, softlim, hardlim) + int ind; + RLIMTYPE *softlim, *hardlim; +{ + RLIMTYPE value; +#if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) + struct rlimit limit; +#endif + + if (limits[ind].parameter >= 256) + { + switch (limits[ind].parameter) + { + case RLIMIT_FILESIZE: + if (filesize (&value) < 0) + return -1; + break; + case RLIMIT_PIPESIZE: + if (pipesize (&value) < 0) + return -1; + break; + case RLIMIT_OPENFILES: + value = (RLIMTYPE)getdtablesize (); + break; + case RLIMIT_VIRTMEM: + return (getmaxvm (softlim, hardlim)); + case RLIMIT_MAXUPROC: + if (getmaxuprc (&value) < 0) + return -1; + break; + default: + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; + } + *softlim = *hardlim = value; + return (0); + } + else + { +#if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) + if (getrlimit (limits[ind].parameter, &limit) < 0) + return -1; + *softlim = limit.rlim_cur; + *hardlim = limit.rlim_max; +# if defined (HPUX9) + if (limits[ind].parameter == RLIMIT_FILESIZE) + { + *softlim *= 512; + *hardlim *= 512; /* Ugh. */ + } + else +# endif /* HPUX9 */ + return 0; +#else + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; +#endif + } +} + +static int +set_limit (ind, newlim, mode) + int ind; + RLIMTYPE newlim; + int mode; +{ +#if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) + struct rlimit limit; + RLIMTYPE val; +#endif + + if (limits[ind].parameter >= 256) + switch (limits[ind].parameter) + { + case RLIMIT_FILESIZE: +#if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) + return (ulimit (2, newlim / 512L)); +#else + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; +#endif + + case RLIMIT_OPENFILES: +#if defined (HAVE_SETDTABLESIZE) +# if defined (__CYGWIN__) + /* Grrr... Cygwin declares setdtablesize as void. */ + setdtablesize (newlim); + return 0; +# else + return (setdtablesize (newlim)); +# endif +#endif + case RLIMIT_PIPESIZE: + case RLIMIT_VIRTMEM: + case RLIMIT_MAXUPROC: + default: + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; + } + else + { +#if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) + if (getrlimit (limits[ind].parameter, &limit) < 0) + return -1; +# if defined (HPUX9) + if (limits[ind].parameter == RLIMIT_FILESIZE) + newlim /= 512; /* Ugh. */ +# endif /* HPUX9 */ + val = (current_user.euid != 0 && newlim == RLIM_INFINITY && + (mode & LIMIT_HARD) == 0 && /* XXX -- test */ + (limit.rlim_cur <= limit.rlim_max)) + ? limit.rlim_max : newlim; + if (mode & LIMIT_SOFT) + limit.rlim_cur = val; + if (mode & LIMIT_HARD) + limit.rlim_max = val; + + return (setrlimit (limits[ind].parameter, &limit)); +#else + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; +#endif + } +} + +static int +getmaxvm (softlim, hardlim) + RLIMTYPE *softlim, *hardlim; +{ +#if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) + struct rlimit datalim, stacklim; + + if (getrlimit (RLIMIT_DATA, &datalim) < 0) + return -1; + + if (getrlimit (RLIMIT_STACK, &stacklim) < 0) + return -1; + + /* Protect against overflow. */ + *softlim = (datalim.rlim_cur / 1024L) + (stacklim.rlim_cur / 1024L); + *hardlim = (datalim.rlim_max / 1024L) + (stacklim.rlim_max / 1024L); + return 0; +#else + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; +#endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ +} + +static int +filesize(valuep) + RLIMTYPE *valuep; +{ +#if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) + long result; + if ((result = ulimit (1, 0L)) < 0) + return -1; + else + *valuep = (RLIMTYPE) result * 512; + return 0; +#else + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; +#endif +} + +static int +pipesize (valuep) + RLIMTYPE *valuep; +{ +#if defined (PIPE_BUF) + /* This is defined on Posix systems. */ + *valuep = (RLIMTYPE) PIPE_BUF; + return 0; +#else +# if defined (_POSIX_PIPE_BUF) + *valuep = (RLIMTYPE) _POSIX_PIPE_BUF; + return 0; +# else +# if defined (PIPESIZE) + /* This is defined by running a program from the Makefile. */ + *valuep = (RLIMTYPE) PIPESIZE; + return 0; +# else + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; +# endif /* PIPESIZE */ +# endif /* _POSIX_PIPE_BUF */ +#endif /* PIPE_BUF */ +} + +static int +getmaxuprc (valuep) + RLIMTYPE *valuep; +{ + long maxchild; + + maxchild = getmaxchild (); + if (maxchild < 0) + { + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; + } + else + { + *valuep = (RLIMTYPE) maxchild; + return 0; + } +} + +static void +print_all_limits (mode) + int mode; +{ + register int i; + RLIMTYPE softlim, hardlim; + + if (mode == 0) + mode |= LIMIT_SOFT; + + for (i = 0; limits[i].option > 0; i++) + { + if (get_limit (i, &softlim, &hardlim) == 0) + printone (i, (mode & LIMIT_SOFT) ? softlim : hardlim, 1); + else if (errno != EINVAL) + builtin_error ("%s: cannot get limit: %s", limits[i].description, + strerror (errno)); + } +} + +static void +printone (limind, curlim, pdesc) + int limind; + RLIMTYPE curlim; + int pdesc; +{ + char unitstr[64]; + int factor; + + factor = BLOCKSIZE(limits[limind].block_factor); + if (pdesc) + { + if (limits[limind].units) + sprintf (unitstr, "(%s, -%c) ", limits[limind].units, limits[limind].option); + else + sprintf (unitstr, "(-%c) ", limits[limind].option); + + printf ("%-20s %16s", limits[limind].description, unitstr); + } + if (curlim == RLIM_INFINITY) + puts ("unlimited"); + else if (curlim == RLIM_SAVED_MAX) + puts ("hard"); + else if (curlim == RLIM_SAVED_CUR) + puts ("soft"); + else + print_rlimtype ((curlim / factor), 1); +} + +/* Set all limits to NEWLIM. NEWLIM currently must be RLIM_INFINITY, which + causes all limits to be set as high as possible depending on mode (like + csh `unlimit'). Returns -1 if NEWLIM is invalid, 0 if all limits + were set successfully, and 1 if at least one limit could not be set. + + To raise all soft limits to their corresponding hard limits, use + ulimit -S -a unlimited + To attempt to raise all hard limits to infinity (superuser-only), use + ulimit -H -a unlimited + To attempt to raise all soft and hard limits to infinity, use + ulimit -a unlimited +*/ + +static int +set_all_limits (mode, newlim) + int mode; + RLIMTYPE newlim; +{ + register int i; + int retval = 0; + + if (newlim != RLIM_INFINITY) + { + errno = EINVAL; + return -1; + } + + if (mode == 0) + mode = LIMIT_SOFT|LIMIT_HARD; + + for (retval = i = 0; limits[i].option > 0; i++) + if (set_limit (i, newlim, mode) < 0) + { + builtin_error (_("%s: cannot modify limit: %s"), limits[i].description, + strerror (errno)); + retval = 1; + } + return retval; +} + +#endif /* !_MINIX */ diff --git a/builtins/umask.def b/builtins/umask.def index 289a0f548..d9aa04183 100644 --- a/builtins/umask.def +++ b/builtins/umask.def @@ -61,10 +61,6 @@ $END #include "common.h" #include "bashgetopt.h" -#ifdef __LCC__ -#define mode_t int -#endif - /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* UMASK Builtin and Helpers */ diff --git a/builtins/umask.def~ b/builtins/umask.def~ new file mode 100644 index 000000000..289a0f548 --- /dev/null +++ b/builtins/umask.def~ @@ -0,0 +1,316 @@ +This file is umask.def, from which is created umask.c. +It implements the builtin "umask" in Bash. + +Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + +Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + +Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with Bash. If not, see . + +$PRODUCES umask.c + +$BUILTIN umask +$FUNCTION umask_builtin +$SHORT_DOC umask [-p] [-S] [mode] +Display or set file mode mask. + +Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints +the current value of the mask. + +If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; +otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1). + +Options: + -p if MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input + -S makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output + +Exit Status: +Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given. +$END + +#include + +#include "../bashtypes.h" +#include "filecntl.h" +#if ! defined(_MINIX) && defined (HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) +# include +#endif + +#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) +#include +#endif + +#include +#include + +#include "../bashintl.h" + +#include "../shell.h" +#include "posixstat.h" +#include "common.h" +#include "bashgetopt.h" + +#ifdef __LCC__ +#define mode_t int +#endif + +/* **************************************************************** */ +/* */ +/* UMASK Builtin and Helpers */ +/* */ +/* **************************************************************** */ + +static void print_symbolic_umask __P((mode_t)); +static int symbolic_umask __P((WORD_LIST *)); + +/* Set or display the mask used by the system when creating files. Flag + of -S means display the umask in a symbolic mode. */ +int +umask_builtin (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + int print_symbolically, opt, umask_value, pflag; + mode_t umask_arg; + + print_symbolically = pflag = 0; + reset_internal_getopt (); + while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "Sp")) != -1) + { + switch (opt) + { + case 'S': + print_symbolically++; + break; + case 'p': + pflag++; + break; + default: + builtin_usage (); + return (EX_USAGE); + } + } + + list = loptend; + + if (list) + { + if (DIGIT (*list->word->word)) + { + umask_value = read_octal (list->word->word); + + /* Note that other shells just let you set the umask to zero + by specifying a number out of range. This is a problem + with those shells. We don't change the umask if the input + is lousy. */ + if (umask_value == -1) + { + sh_erange (list->word->word, _("octal number")); + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + } + else + { + umask_value = symbolic_umask (list); + if (umask_value == -1) + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + umask_arg = (mode_t)umask_value; + umask (umask_arg); + if (print_symbolically) + print_symbolic_umask (umask_arg); + } + else /* Display the UMASK for this user. */ + { + umask_arg = umask (022); + umask (umask_arg); + + if (pflag) + printf ("umask%s ", (print_symbolically ? " -S" : "")); + if (print_symbolically) + print_symbolic_umask (umask_arg); + else + printf ("%04lo\n", (unsigned long)umask_arg); + } + + return (sh_chkwrite (EXECUTION_SUCCESS)); +} + +/* Print the umask in a symbolic form. In the output, a letter is + printed if the corresponding bit is clear in the umask. */ +static void +print_symbolic_umask (um) + mode_t um; +{ + char ubits[4], gbits[4], obits[4]; /* u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx */ + int i; + + i = 0; + if ((um & S_IRUSR) == 0) + ubits[i++] = 'r'; + if ((um & S_IWUSR) == 0) + ubits[i++] = 'w'; + if ((um & S_IXUSR) == 0) + ubits[i++] = 'x'; + ubits[i] = '\0'; + + i = 0; + if ((um & S_IRGRP) == 0) + gbits[i++] = 'r'; + if ((um & S_IWGRP) == 0) + gbits[i++] = 'w'; + if ((um & S_IXGRP) == 0) + gbits[i++] = 'x'; + gbits[i] = '\0'; + + i = 0; + if ((um & S_IROTH) == 0) + obits[i++] = 'r'; + if ((um & S_IWOTH) == 0) + obits[i++] = 'w'; + if ((um & S_IXOTH) == 0) + obits[i++] = 'x'; + obits[i] = '\0'; + + printf ("u=%s,g=%s,o=%s\n", ubits, gbits, obits); +} + +int +parse_symbolic_mode (mode, initial_bits) + char *mode; + int initial_bits; +{ + int who, op, perm, bits, c; + char *s; + + for (s = mode, bits = initial_bits;;) + { + who = op = perm = 0; + + /* Parse the `who' portion of the symbolic mode clause. */ + while (member (*s, "agou")) + { + switch (c = *s++) + { + case 'u': + who |= S_IRWXU; + continue; + case 'g': + who |= S_IRWXG; + continue; + case 'o': + who |= S_IRWXO; + continue; + case 'a': + who |= S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO; + continue; + default: + break; + } + } + + /* The operation is now sitting in *s. */ + op = *s++; + switch (op) + { + case '+': + case '-': + case '=': + break; + default: + builtin_error (_("`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator"), op); + return (-1); + } + + /* Parse out the `perm' section of the symbolic mode clause. */ + while (member (*s, "rwx")) + { + c = *s++; + + switch (c) + { + case 'r': + perm |= S_IRUGO; + break; + case 'w': + perm |= S_IWUGO; + break; + case 'x': + perm |= S_IXUGO; + break; + } + } + + /* Now perform the operation or return an error for a + bad permission string. */ + if (!*s || *s == ',') + { + if (who) + perm &= who; + + switch (op) + { + case '+': + bits |= perm; + break; + case '-': + bits &= ~perm; + break; + case '=': + if (who == 0) + who = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO; + bits &= ~who; + bits |= perm; + break; + + /* No other values are possible. */ + } + + if (*s == '\0') + break; + else + s++; /* skip past ',' */ + } + else + { + builtin_error (_("`%c': invalid symbolic mode character"), *s); + return (-1); + } + } + + return (bits); +} + +/* Set the umask from a symbolic mode string similar to that accepted + by chmod. If the -S argument is given, then print the umask in a + symbolic form. */ +static int +symbolic_umask (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + int um, bits; + + /* Get the initial umask. Don't change it yet. */ + um = umask (022); + umask (um); + + /* All work is done with the complement of the umask -- it's + more intuitive and easier to deal with. It is complemented + again before being returned. */ + bits = parse_symbolic_mode (list->word->word, ~um & 0777); + if (bits == -1) + return (-1); + + um = ~bits & 0777; + return (um); +} diff --git a/configure b/configure index bdea2d251..94f2b3d36 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -11237,10 +11237,7 @@ if ${bash_cv_wcwidth_broken+:} false; then : $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6 else if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then : - { { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&5 -$as_echo "$as_me: error: in \`$ac_pwd':" >&2;} -as_fn_error $? "cannot run test program while cross compiling -See \`config.log' for more details" "$LINENO" 5; } + bash_cv_wcwidth_broken=no else cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext /* end confdefs.h. */ diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in b/doc/Makefile.in index 21dff2784..3c67db63f 100644 --- a/doc/Makefile.in +++ b/doc/Makefile.in @@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ bashref.dvi: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) bashref.info: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) $(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi +# can also use: +# $(MAKEINFO) --html --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi bashref.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) $(TEXI2HTML) -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in~ b/doc/Makefile.in~ new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21dff2784 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/Makefile.in~ @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +# This Makefile is for the Bash/documentation directory -*- text -*-. +# +# Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. + +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. + +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see . + +PACKAGE = @PACKAGE_NAME@ +VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@ + +PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = @PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@ +PACKAGE_NAME = @PACKAGE_NAME@ +PACKAGE_STRING = @PACKAGE_STRING@ +PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@ + +PACKAGE_TARNAME = @PACKAGE_TARNAME@ + +# +SHELL = @MAKE_SHELL@ +RM = rm -f + +topdir = @top_srcdir@ +srcdir = @srcdir@ +VPATH = .:@srcdir@ + +prefix = @prefix@ +exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@ + +datarootdir = @datarootdir@ + +infodir = @infodir@ + +docdir = @docdir@ + +# set this to a directory name to have the HTML files installed +htmldir = @htmldir@ + +# Support an alternate destination root directory for package building +DESTDIR = + +mandir = @mandir@ +manpfx = man + +man1ext = .1 +man1dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)1 +man3ext = .3 +man3dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)3 + +INSTALL = @INSTALL@ +INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@ +BUILD_DIR = @BUILD_DIR@ + +SUPPORT_SRCDIR = $(topdir)/support + +# bad style +RL_LIBDIR = $(topdir)/lib/readline + +# unused +TEXINDEX = texindex +TEX = tex + +MAKEINFO = makeinfo +TEXI2DVI = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/texi2dvi +TEXI2HTML = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/texi2html +MAN2HTML = ${BUILD_DIR}/support/man2html +HTMLPOST = ${srcdir}/htmlpost.sh +INFOPOST = ${srcdir}/infopost.sh +QUIETPS = #set this to -q to shut up dvips +PAPERSIZE = letter # change to a4 for A4-size paper +PSDPI = 600 # could be 300 if you like +DVIPS = dvips -D ${PSDPI} $(QUIETPS) -t ${PAPERSIZE} -o $@ # tricky + +TEXINPUTDIR = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc +SET_TEXINPUTS = TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTDIR):$$TEXINPUTS + +# These tools might not be available; they're not required +DVIPDF = dvipdfm -o $@ -p ${PAPERSIZE} +PSPDF = gs -sPAPERSIZE=${PAPERSIZE} -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sOutputFile=$@ + +MKDIRS = ${SUPPORT_SRCDIR}/mkdirs + +# This should be a program that converts troff to an ascii-readable format +NROFF = groff -Tascii + +# This should be a program that converts troff to postscript +GROFF = groff + +HSUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/hsuser.texi +RLUSER = $(RL_LIBDIR)/doc/rluser.texi + +BASHREF_FILES = $(srcdir)/bashref.texi $(srcdir)/fdl.texi $(srcdir)/version.texi + +.SUFFIXES: .0 .1 .3 .ms .ps .txt .dvi .html .pdf + +.1.ps: + $(RM) $@ + -${GROFF} -man $< > $@ + +.1.0: + $(RM) $@ + -${NROFF} -man $< > $@ + +.1.html: + $(RM) $@ + -${MAN2HTML} $< | ${HTMLPOST} > $@ + +.ms.ps: + $(RM) $@ + -${GROFF} -ms $< > $@ + +.ms.txt: + $(RM) $@ + -${NROFF} -ms $< > $@ + +.3.ps: + $(RM) $@ + -${GROFF} -man $< > $@ + +.3.0: + $(RM) $@ + -${NROFF} -man $< > $@ + +.3.html: + $(RM) $@ + -${MAN2HTML} $< > $@ + +.ps.pdf: + $(RM) $@ + -${PSPDF} $< + +.dvi.pdf: + $(RM) $@ + -${DVIPDF} $< + +.dvi.ps: + ${RM} $@ + -${DVIPS} $< + +all: ps info dvi text html +nodvi: ps info text html +everything: all pdf + +PSFILES = bash.ps bashbug.ps article.ps builtins.ps rbash.ps +DVIFILES = bashref.dvi bashref.ps +INFOFILES = bashref.info +MAN0FILES = bash.0 bashbug.0 builtins.0 rbash.0 +HTMLFILES = bashref.html bash.html +PDFFILES = bash.pdf bashref.pdf article.pdf rose94.pdf + +ps: ${PSFILES} +dvi: ${DVIFILES} +info: ${INFOFILES} +text: ${MAN0FILES} +html: ${HTMLFILES} +pdf: ${PDFFILES} + +bashref.dvi: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) + ${SET_TEXINPUTS} $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi || { ${RM} $@ ; exit 1; } + +bashref.info: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) + $(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi + +bashref.html: $(BASHREF_FILES) $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) + $(TEXI2HTML) -menu -monolithic -I $(TEXINPUTDIR) $(srcdir)/bashref.texi + +bash.info: bashref.info + ${SHELL} ${INFOPOST} < $(srcdir)/bashref.info > $@ ; \ + +bash.txt: bash.1 +bash.ps: bash.1 +bash.html: bash.1 $(MAN2HTML) +bashbug.ps: bashbug.1 +builtins.ps: builtins.1 bash.1 +rbash.ps: rbash.1 bash.1 +bash.0: bash.1 +bashbug.0: bashbug.1 +builtins.0: builtins.1 bash.1 +rbash.0: rbash.1 bash.1 +article.ps: article.ms + +bashref.ps: bashref.dvi + +article.pdf: article.ps +bashref.pdf: bashref.dvi +bash.pdf: bash.ps +rose94.pdf: rose94.ps + +OTHER_DOCS = $(srcdir)/FAQ $(srcdir)/INTRO +OTHER_INSTALLED_DOCS = FAQ INTRO + +$(MAN2HTML): ${topdir}/support/man2html.c + -( cd ${BUILD_DIR}/support ; ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} man2html) + +clean: + $(RM) *.aux *.bak *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps \ + *.pgs *.bt *.bts *.rw *.rws *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o + ${RM} core *.core + +mostlyclean: clean + $(RM) Makefile + +distclean: clean maybe-clean + $(RM) Makefile + +maintainer-clean: clean + ${RM} ${PSFILES} ${DVIFILES} ${INFOFILES} ${MAN0FILES} ${HTMLFILES} + ${RM} ${CREATED_FAQ} + $(RM) Makefile + +maybe-clean: + -if test "X$(topdir)" != "X$(BUILD_DIR)"; then \ + $(RM) ${PSFILES} ${DVIFILES} ${INFOFILES} ${MAN0FILES} ${HTMLFILES}; \ + fi + +installdirs: + -$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir) + -$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(infodir) + -$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(docdir) + -if test -n "$(htmldir)" ; then \ + $(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRCDIR)/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \ + fi + +install: info installdirs bash.info + -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext} + -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashbug.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext} + -$(INSTALL_DATA) $(OTHER_DOCS) $(DESTDIR)$(docdir) +# uncomment the next lines to install the builtins man page +# sed 's:bash\.1:man1/&:' $(srcdir)/builtins.1 > $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1 +# -$(INSTALL_DATA) $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext} +# -$(RM) $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1 + -if test -f bash.info; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \ + $(INSTALL_DATA) $$d/bash.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info +# run install-info if it is present to update the info directory + if $(SHELL) -c 'install-info --version' >/dev/null 2>&1; then \ + install-info --dir-file=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/dir $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info; \ + else true; fi +# if htmldir is set, install the html files into that directory + -if test -n "${htmldir}" ; then \ + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bash.html $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \ + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/bashref.html $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) ; \ + fi + +install_builtins: installdirs + sed 's:bash\.1:man1/&:' $(srcdir)/builtins.1 > $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1 + -$(INSTALL_DATA) $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext} + -$(RM) $${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/builtins.1 + +install_everything: install install_builtins + +uninstall: + -$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash${man1ext} $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bashbug${man1ext} + -$(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/bash_builtins${man1ext} + $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/bash.info + -( cd $(DESTDIR)$(docdir) && $(RM) $(OTHER_INSTALLED_DOCS) ) + -if test -n "$(htmldir)" ; then \ + $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/bash.html ; \ + $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/bashref.html ; \ + fi + +# for use by chet +CREATED_FAQ = faq.news faq.news2 faq.mail faq.version + +faq: ${CREATED_FAQ} + +faq.version: FAQ.version FAQ + sh mkfaqvers FAQ.version > $@ + +faq.headers.mail: FAQ.headers.mail FAQ + sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.mail > $@ + +faq.headers.news: FAQ.headers.news FAQ + sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.news > $@ + +faq.headers.news2: FAQ.headers.news2 FAQ + sh mkfaqvers FAQ.headers.news2 > $@ + +faq.news: FAQ faq.headers.news faq.version + $(RM) $@ + cat faq.headers.news faq.version FAQ > $@ + +faq.news2: FAQ faq.headers.news2 faq.version + $(RM) $@ + cat faq.headers.news2 faq.version FAQ > $@ + +faq.mail: FAQ faq.headers.mail faq.version + $(RM) $@ + cat faq.headers.mail faq.version FAQ > $@ + +inst: bashref.texi + $(SHELL) ./mkinstall + cmp -s INSTALL ../INSTALL || mv INSTALL ../INSTALL + $(RM) INSTALL + +posix: bashref.texi + $(SHELL) ./mkposix + cmp -s POSIX ../POSIX || mv POSIX ../POSIX + $(RM) POSIX + +rbash: bashref.texi + $(SH) ./mkrbash + cmp -s RBASH ../RBASH || mv RBASH ../RBASH + $(RM) RBASH + +xdist: pdf inst posix rbash diff --git a/doc/article.ps b/doc/article.ps index 3aadf2f30..adbeba08b 100644 --- a/doc/article.ps +++ b/doc/article.ps @@ -1,17 +1,22 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: groff version 1.16.1 -%%CreationDate: Mon Nov 19 13:06:55 2001 +%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 +%%CreationDate: Tue Oct 22 11:07:52 2013 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Roman %%+ font Courier -%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.16 1 +%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2 %%Pages: 11 %%PageOrder: Ascend +%%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments +%%BeginDefaults +%%PageMedia: Default +%%EndDefaults %%BeginProlog -%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.16 1 +%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.19 2 +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet /setpacking where{ pop currentpacking @@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ LS{ /EP{ level0 restore showpage -}bind def +}def /DA{ newpath arcn stroke }bind def @@ -109,11 +114,26 @@ TM setmatrix /ST/stroke load def /MT/moveto load def /CL/closepath load def -/FL{ -currentgray exch setgray fill setgray +/Fr{ +setrgbcolor fill +}bind def +/setcmykcolor where{ +pop +/Fk{ +setcmykcolor fill +}bind def +}if +/Fg{ +setgray fill }bind def -/BL/fill load def +/FL/fill load def /LW/setlinewidth load def +/Cr/setrgbcolor load def +/setcmykcolor where{ +pop +/Ck/setcmykcolor load def +}if +/Cg/setgray load def /RE{ findfont dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin @@ -155,9 +175,9 @@ newpath /CNT countdictstack def userdict begin /showpage{}def +/setpagedevice{}def }bind def /PEND{ -clear countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat level1 restore }bind def @@ -167,13 +187,18 @@ pop setpacking }if %%EndResource +%%EndProlog +%%BeginSetup +%%BeginFeature: *PageSize Default +<< /PageSize [ 612 792 ] /ImagingBBox null >> setpagedevice +%%EndFeature %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman %%IncludeResource: font Courier grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron -/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef +/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent @@ -201,256 +226,254 @@ def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron /ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def /Courier@0 ENC0/Courier RE/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE /Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE/Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE -%%EndProlog +%%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash \255 The GNU shell*)227.904 123 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(Chet Rame)263.85 147 Q(y)-.3 E(Case W)221.72 159 Q -(estern Reserve Univer)-.92 E(sity)-.1 E -.15(ch)250.425 171 S -(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(1. 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10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)3.201 -H(l).15 E F0(and)3.201 E F2(export)3.201 E F0 5.701(.O)C .701 +(re speci\214ed)-3.176 F .7(as being part of the shell; e)72 163.2 R .7 +(xamples of these are)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)3.201 +H(l).15 E F0(and)3.201 E F3(export)3.201 E F0 5.701(.O)C .701 (ther utilities appear in the sections of)-5.701 F .256(POSIX.2 not de) -72 159.6 R -.2(vo)-.25 G .256(ted to the shell which are commonly \(and\ +72 175.2 R -.2(vo)-.25 G .256(ted to the shell which are commonly \(and\ in some cases must be\) implemented as b).2 F(uiltin)-.2 E .213 -(commands, such as)72 171.6 R F2 -.18(re)2.713 G(ad).18 E F0(and)2.713 E -F2(test)2.713 E F0 5.213(.P)C .213 +(commands, such as)72 187.2 R F3 -.18(re)2.713 G(ad).18 E F0(and)2.713 E +F3(test)2.713 E F0 5.213(.P)C .213 (OSIX.2 also speci\214es aspects of the shell')-5.213 F 2.713(si)-.55 G (nteracti)-2.713 E .513 -.15(ve b)-.25 H(eha).15 E .214(vior as part)-.2 F .598(of the UPE, including job control and command line editing.)72 -183.6 R .598(Interestingly enough, only)5.598 F F1(vi)3.098 E F0 .598 -(-style line edit-)B(ing commands ha)72 195.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een standardized;).15 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0 +199.2 R .598(Interestingly enough, only)5.598 F F2(vi)3.098 E F0 .598 +(-style line edit-)B(ing commands ha)72 211.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een standardized;).15 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0 (editing commands were left out due to objections.)2.5 E 1.128 (While POSIX.2 includes much of what the shell has traditionally pro)97 -211.2 R 1.129(vided, some important things)-.15 F(ha)72 223.2 Q .344 +226.8 R 1.129(vided, some important things)-.15 F(ha)72 238.8 Q .344 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .044(een omitted as being \231be).15 F .044 (yond its scope.)-.15 F 5.043<9a54>-.7 G .043 (here is, for instance, no mention of a dif)-5.043 F .043 -(ference between a)-.25 F F1(lo)72 235.2 Q(gin)-.1 E F0 1.445 +(ference between a)-.25 F F2(lo)72 250.8 Q(gin)-.1 E F0 1.445 (shell and an)3.945 F 3.945(yo)-.15 G 1.445(ther interacti)-3.945 F 1.745 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.446 (hell \(since POSIX.2 does not specify a login program\).).15 F 1.446 (No \214x)6.446 F(ed)-.15 E(startup \214les are de\214ned, either \255 \ -the standard does not mention)72 247.2 Q F1(.pr)2.5 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 -(.)A F2 2.5(3. Basic)72 271.2 R(Bash featur)2.5 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.448 -(Since the Bourne shell pro)97 286.8 R 1.448 +the standard does not mention)72 262.8 Q F2(.pr)2.5 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(.)A F3 2.5(3. Basic)72 286.8 R(Bash featur)2.5 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.448 +(Since the Bourne shell pro)97 302.4 R 1.448 (vides Bash with most of its philosophical underpinnings, Bash inherits) --.15 F .64(most of its features and functionality from sh.)72 298.8 R +-.15 F .64(most of its features and functionality from sh.)72 314.4 R .641(Bash implements all of the traditional sh \215o)5.641 F 3.141(wc) --.25 G .641(ontrol con-)-3.141 F .8(structs \()72 310.8 R F1(for)A F0(,) -A F1(if)3.3 E F0(,)A F1(while)3.3 E F0 3.3(,e)C 3.3(tc.\). All)-3.3 F +-.25 G .641(ontrol con-)-3.141 F .8(structs \()72 326.4 R F2(for)A F0(,) +A F2(if)3.3 E F0(,)A F2(while)3.3 E F0 3.3(,e)C 3.3(tc.\). 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Bash)72 -346.8 R .341(has shell functions which beha)2.841 F .641 -.15(ve i)-.2 H +362.4 R .341(has shell functions which beha)2.841 F .641 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.841(naf).15 G .341(ashion upw)-2.941 F .342 (ard-compatible with sh functions.)-.1 F .342(There are)5.342 F 1.447 -(certain shell v)72 358.8 R 1.446 +(certain shell v)72 374.4 R 1.446 (ariables that Bash interprets in the same w)-.25 F 1.446 -(ay as sh, such as)-.1 F F2(PS1)3.946 E F0(,)A F2(IFS)3.946 E F0 3.946 -(,a)C(nd)-3.946 E F2 -.74(PA)3.946 G(TH)-.21 E F0 6.446(.B)C(ash)-6.446 -E 1.423(implements essentially the same grammar)72 370.8 R 3.924(,p)-.4 +(ay as sh, such as)-.1 F F3(PS1)3.946 E F0(,)A F3(IFS)3.946 E F0 3.946 +(,a)C(nd)-3.946 E F3 -.74(PA)3.946 G(TH)-.21 E F0 6.446(.B)C(ash)-6.446 +E 1.423(implements essentially the same grammar)72 386.4 R 3.924(,p)-.4 G 1.424(arameter and v)-3.924 F 1.424(ariable e)-.25 F 1.424 (xpansion semantics, redirection, and)-.15 F 1.06 -(quoting as the Bourne shell.)72 382.8 R 1.06(Where dif)6.06 F 1.06 +(quoting as the Bourne shell.)72 398.4 R 1.06(Where dif)6.06 F 1.06 (ferences appear between the POSIX.2 standard and traditional sh)-.25 F -(beha)72 394.8 Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(,B)-.4 G(ash follo)-2.5 E(ws POSIX.)-.25 -E 1.608(The K)97 410.4 R 1.608(orn Shell \()-.35 F F2(ksh)A F0 4.108 -(\)i)C 4.108(sad)-4.108 G 1.608 -(escendent of the Bourne shell written at A)-4.108 F 1.609 -(T&T Bell Laboratories by)-1.11 F(Da)72 422.4 Q 1.059(vid K)-.2 F 3.559 -(orn\207. It)-.35 F(pro)3.559 E 1.059 +(beha)72 410.4 Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(,B)-.4 G(ash follo)-2.5 E(ws POSIX.)-.25 +E 1.608(The K)97 426 R 1.608(orn Shell \()-.35 F F3(ksh)A F0 4.108(\)i)C +4.108(sad)-4.108 G 1.608(escendant of the Bourne shell written at A) +-4.108 F 1.609(T&T Bell Laboratories by)-1.11 F(Da)72 438 Q 1.059(vid K) +-.2 F 3.559(orn\207. It)-.35 F(pro)3.559 E 1.059 (vides a number of useful features that POSIX and Bash ha)-.15 F 1.359 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.558(dopted. Man).15 F 3.558(yo)-.15 G 3.558(ft)-3.558 -G(he)-3.558 E(interacti)72 434.4 Q 1.312 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.012 +G(he)-3.558 E(interacti)72 450 Q 1.312 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.012 (acilities in POSIX.2 ha).05 F 1.312 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.012 (heir roots in the ksh: for e).15 F 1.013 -(xample, the POSIX and ksh job control)-.15 F -.1(fa)72 446.4 S .513 +(xample, the POSIX and ksh job control)-.15 F -.1(fa)72 462 S .513 (cilities are nearly identical. 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F)72 474 R 1.405 (or programming, Bash pro)-.15 F 1.405(vides v)-.15 F 1.405 -(ariables such as)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)3.905 E F0(and)3.905 E F2(REPL)3.905 -E(Y)-.92 E F0 3.905(,t)C(he)-3.905 E F2(typeset)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)72 -470.4 S .398(iltin, the ability to remo).2 F .698 -.15(ve s)-.15 H .398 +(ariables such as)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)3.905 E F0(and)3.905 E F3(REPL)3.905 +E(Y)-.92 E F0 3.905(,t)C(he)-3.905 E F3(typeset)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)72 486 +S .398(iltin, the ability to remo).2 F .698 -.15(ve s)-.15 H .398 (ubstrings from v).15 F .398 -(ariables based on patterns, and shell arithmetic.)-.25 F F2(RANDOM) -5.397 E F0 -.15(ex)72 482.4 S .489 +(ariables based on patterns, and shell arithmetic.)-.25 F F3(RANDOM) +5.397 E F0 -.15(ex)72 498 S .489 (pands to a random number each time it is referenced; assigning a v).15 -F .49(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.99 E F0 .49(seeds the random)2.99 F -.055(number generator)72 494.4 R(.)-.55 E F2(REPL)5.055 E(Y)-.92 E F0 -.054(is the def)2.554 F .054(ault v)-.1 F .054(ariable used by the)-.25 -F F2 -.18(re)2.554 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.554 G .054(iltin when no v).2 -F .054(ariable names are sup-)-.25 F .742(plied as ar)72 506.4 R 3.243 -(guments. 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In)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list) 2.75 E F0 .25(mode, it can display the current k)2.75 F .55 -.15(ey b) -.1 H .25(indings, list all the readline edit-).15 F .149(ing directi)72 @@ -781,11 +804,11 @@ lly quite good at determining what type of completion to attempt.)72 (and the readline library)72 570 R 5.077(.B)-.65 G .077(ash pro)-5.077 F .077(vides v)-.15 F .077(ariables \()-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)A F0(,)A F1 ($HISTSIZE)2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1($HISTCONTR)2.577 E(OL) --.3 E F0 2.577(\)a)C(nd)-2.577 E(the)72 582 Q F1(history)2.89 E F0(and) -2.89 E F1(fc)2.89 E F0 -.2(bu)2.89 G .39 -(iltins to manipulate the history list.).2 F .391(The v)5.391 F .391 -(alue of)-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)2.891 E F0 .391(specifes the \214le where) -2.891 F .49(Bash writes the command history on e)72 594 R .489 +-.3 E F0 2.577(\)a)C(nd)-2.577 E(the)72 582 Q F1(history)2.759 E F0(and) +2.759 E F1(fc)2.759 E F0 -.2(bu)2.759 G .259 +(iltins to manipulate the history list.).2 F .26(The v)5.259 F .26 +(alue of)-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)2.76 E F0 .26(speci\214es the \214le where) +2.76 F .49(Bash writes the command history on e)72 594 R .489 (xit and reads it on startup.)-.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)5.489 E F0 .489 (is used to limit the number)2.989 F .642(of commands sa)72 606 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 3.142(di).15 G 3.142(nt)-3.142 G .642(he history)-3.142 F(.) @@ -820,7 +843,7 @@ or a string typed by the user)72 690 R(.)-.55 E(Finally)72 702 Q 2.535 -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.022(cution of pre).15 F 1.022(vious commands v)-.25 F 1.022(ery similar to csh \(\231bang history\232, so)-.15 F (called because the e)72 726 Q -(xclamation point introduces a history substitution\):)-.15 E EP +(xclamation point introduces a history substitution\):)-.15 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -903,7 +926,7 @@ e)-.15 F .104(when opened.)72 648 R .103 (xpansion. Process)-.15 F .103(substitution can be used to com-)2.603 F (pare the outputs of tw)72 660 Q 2.5(od)-.1 G(if)-2.5 E(ferent v)-.25 E (ersions of an application as part of a re)-.15 E(gression test:)-.15 E -F1 6($c)97 678 S(mp <\(old_prog\) <\(new_prog\))-6 E EP +F1 6($c)97 678 S(mp <\(old_prog\) <\(new_prog\))-6 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -998,7 +1021,7 @@ G .367 E(/usr/local/bin)97 624 Q 6($/)97 636 S(bin/pwd)-6 E (/net/share/sun4/local/bin)97 648 Q 6($c)97 660 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E 6($p) 97 672 S(wd)-6 E(/usr/local)97 684 Q 6($/)97 696 S(bin/pwd)-6 E -(/net/share/sun4/local)97 708 Q 6($c)97 720 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E EP +(/net/share/sun4/local)97 708 Q 6($c)97 720 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1097,7 +1120,7 @@ such)-2.931 F .136 (nting the use of these sequences in earlier v).15 F .559(ersions, b) -.15 F .559(ut the readline redisplay algorithm assumed)-.2 F (each character occupied ph)72 720 Q(ysical screen space and w)-.05 E -(ould wrap lines prematurely)-.1 E(.)-.65 E EP +(ould wrap lines prematurely)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1244,7 +1267,7 @@ F F1(HISTIGNORE)4.286 E F0 4.285(,w)C 1.785(hich w)-4.285 F 1.785 (mentation to be printed by the)72 697.2 R F1(help)3.851 E F0 1.351 (command \(possibly present in the shared object as well\).)3.851 F 1.351(It w)6.351 F(ould)-.1 E(manage the details of e)72 709.2 Q -(xtending the internal table of b)-.15 E(uiltins.)-.2 E EP +(xtending the internal table of b)-.15 E(uiltins.)-.2 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1256,14 +1279,14 @@ BP (command, which prints)3.292 F 1.412(the v)72 96 R 1.412 (alues of system con\214guration v)-.25 F 1.411 (ariables de\214ned by POSIX.2, and a)-.25 F F1(diso)3.911 E(wn)-.1 E F0 --.2(bu)3.911 G 1.411(iltin, which causes a).2 F 1.347 -(shell running with job control acti)72 108 R 1.647 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -3.847<6f99>.15 G(for)-3.847 E 1.347 -(get about\232 one or more background jobs in its internal jobs)-.18 F -3.465(table. Using)72 120 R F1(getconf)3.465 E F0 3.465(,f)C .965(or e) --3.465 F .965(xample, a user could retrie)-.15 F 1.264 -.15(ve a v)-.25 -H .964(alue for)-.1 F F1($P)3.464 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .964 -(guaranteed to \214nd all of the)3.464 F .884 +-.2(bu)3.911 G 1.411(iltin, which causes a).2 F .547 +(shell running with job control acti)72 108 R .847 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +3.047<6f99>.15 G(for)-3.047 E .547 +(get about\232 one or more background jobs in its internal jobs ta-)-.18 +F 3.866(ble. Using)72 120 R F1(getconf)3.866 E F0 3.866(,f)C 1.366(or e) +-3.866 F 1.366(xample, a user could retrie)-.15 F 1.666 -.15(ve a v)-.25 +H 1.365(alue for)-.1 F F1($P)3.865 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.365 +(guaranteed to \214nd all of the)3.865 F .884 (POSIX standard utilities, or \214nd out ho)72 132 R 3.385(wl)-.25 G .885 (ong \214lenames may be in the \214le system containing a speci\214ed) @@ -1368,7 +1391,7 @@ E F0(for more information.)2.5 E .694(Bash is also distrib)97 656.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .948(ral Linux distrib).15 F .948 (utions \(more about the dif)-.2 F .948 (ference in a moment\), and as contrib)-.25 F(uted)-.2 E .32 LW 144 -676.4 72 676.4 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .781 +678.2 72 678.2 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .781 (\207S. R. Bourne, \231UNIX T)72 688.2 R .781(ime-Sharing System:)-.28 F .781(The UNIX Shell\232,)4.781 F/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF .78 (Bell System T)2.78 F(ec)-.736 E .78(hnical J)-.12 F(ournal)-.2 E F5 @@ -1377,7 +1400,8 @@ E F0(for more information.)2.5 E .694(Bash is also distrib)97 656.4 R (f, \231Rc \255 A Shell for Plan 9 and)-.2 F/F7 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX) 2.432 E F5(systems\232,)2.432 E F6(Pr)2.432 E .432 (oc. of the Summer 1990 EUUG Confer)-.36 F(ence)-.296 E F5 2.432(,L)C -(on-)-2.432 E(don, July)72 720 Q 2(,1)-.52 G(990, pp. 21-33.)-2 E EP +(on-)-2.432 E(don, July)72 720 Q 2(,1)-.52 G(990, pp. 21-33.)-2 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1410,9 +1434,9 @@ F .8(It is suf)5.8 F .8(\214ciently portable to run on nearly e)-.25 F (ral thousand re).15 F 1.515(gular users, and their feedback has)-.15 F (helped to mak)72 235.2 Q 2.5(ei)-.1 G 2.5(ta)-2.5 G 2.5(sg)-2.5 G (ood as it is today \255 a testament to the bene\214ts of free softw) --2.5 E(are.)-.1 E .32 LW 144 708.2 72 708.2 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF +-2.5 E(are.)-.1 E .32 LW 144 710 72 710 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF (*BSD/386 is a trademark of Berk)72 720 Q(ele)-.08 E 2(yS)-.12 G(oftw)-2 -E(are Design, Inc.)-.08 E EP +E(are Design, Inc.)-.08 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 6226c9b84..96c83a1da 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -1392,55 +1392,58 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. - The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame- - ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done - in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion. + The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + stitution. Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change - the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single - word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions + the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single + word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}" as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, - is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to - each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- - fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x - or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated - terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- - sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each - character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the - default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, + is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to + each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- + fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x + or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated + terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- + sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each + character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the + default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of @@ -1450,36 +1453,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1487,202 +1490,202 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is - also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in - assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the + also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in + assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not - escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. The _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a shell - parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference + parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference (AArrrraayyss). - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), it + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), it introduces a level of variable indirection. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; - this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of - the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is + this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of + the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The exceptions to this are the expansions - of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point - must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- + of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point + must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- tion. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented - below (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. - Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is + When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented + below (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. + Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special + _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, an indexed array subscripted by @@ or **, - or an associative array name, the results differ as described - below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the + or an associative array name, the results differ as described + below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t - and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are + and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is - used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it - is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the - expansion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. - Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by - at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expan- + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it + is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the + expansion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. + Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by + at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expan- sion. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one - greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of - -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- + greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of + -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- sion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the - result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with - ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to - one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It - is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than + result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with + ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to + one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It + is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. - Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces + Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined results. - Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- - ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by - default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are + Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- + ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by + default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value - substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- - tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that - number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi- - mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the - end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele- + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value + substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- + tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that + number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi- + mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the + end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele- ment. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the - expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the + expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the - result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with - the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest - matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ - or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of + a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the + result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with + the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest + matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ + or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are - replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are + replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at the begin- ning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with - %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // fol- lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the sub- - stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in - turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and + stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in + turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution + operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, - if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern - should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ - operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, + if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern + should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ + operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- case; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to low- ercase. The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character - in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert - only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is - omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is - applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- + in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert + only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is + omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is + applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion + is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- scripted with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the + to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1694,167 +1697,167 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ``_c_o_m_m_a_n_d`` BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and replacing the com- - mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any + mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they - may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt + may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the - arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be + mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the + arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes - (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form - of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes + (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form + of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- put connected to a _F_I_F_O or some file in //ddeevv//ffdd. The name of this file - is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the - expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- - vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as + is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the + expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- + vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the - results of the other expansions into words using these characters as - field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly - <><><>, the default, then sequences of <>, <>, - and <> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous - expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the - beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + results of the other expansions into words using these characters as + field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly + <><><>, the default, then sequences of <>, <>, + and <> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous + expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the + beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee and - ttaabb are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the - whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace charac- - ter). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any - adjacent IIFFSS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of + ttaabb are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the + whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace charac- + ter). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any + adjacent IIFFSS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no - values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within + values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument results and is retained. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the - shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If - the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is - removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the + shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If + the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is + removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If - the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without - regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used - for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or - immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the + the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without + regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used + for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or + immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. When matching a pathname, the slash char- - acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' + acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullll-- gglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file- + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file- names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the - list of matches. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored - when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a - non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so + list of matches. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored + when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a + non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one - of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when + of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more - directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more + directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- - ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating - sequence and character set, is matched. If the first + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- + ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating + sequence and character set, is matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any charac- - ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- - acters in range expressions is determined by the current - locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell + ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- + acters in range expressions is determined by the current + locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpreta- - tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to - [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or - enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be + tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to + [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or + enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the character _. - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current + the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -1872,58 +1875,58 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows - commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows + commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and - writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the - current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- + writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the + current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol- - low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, + low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. - If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines + file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. + If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file descriptor to close. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde - expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table: //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -1933,22 +1936,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding TCP socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding UDP socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -1956,27 +1959,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name - results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file - descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name + results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file + descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -1985,11 +1988,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -2001,13 +2004,13 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 - When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If - it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee + When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If + it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below) for compatibility reasons. AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -2021,9 +2024,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard input for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -2032,18 +2035,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any charac- - ters in _w_o_r_d are quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal - on _w_o_r_d, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d - is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter - expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac- - ter sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the + No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic + expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any charac- + ters in _w_o_r_d are quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal + on _w_o_r_d, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d + is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter + expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac- + ter sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This - allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This + allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -2051,10 +2054,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN <<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and - quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not per- - formed. The result is supplied as a single string to the command on + The _w_o_r_d undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and + quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not per- + formed. The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its standard input. DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2063,22 +2066,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is - closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand - to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is + closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand + to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2086,7 +2089,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -2094,7 +2097,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2102,117 +2105,117 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not - available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always - put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- + available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always + put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- pound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, - defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, + defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be - deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden- - tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- + tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- - tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc - EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check - for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. - The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the - same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped - into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc + EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check + for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. + The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the + same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped + into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- @@ -2240,46 +2243,46 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 - representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If - _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, the digits + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 + representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If + _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, the digits greater< than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, - lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre- + lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre- sent numbers between 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2318,30 +2321,30 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a value). --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- ence. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2351,8 +2354,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt - command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm-- mmaannddss). @@ -2366,106 +2369,106 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive or negative integers. SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following + When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - with the original command and the original command's arguments as its - arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of - the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error + with the original command and the original command's arguments as its + arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of + the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2473,242 +2476,242 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands - are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell + are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive - interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the - other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command - line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an - error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- - _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the + other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command + line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- + _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer - to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the + to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre- - vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- + vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- tion) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt - strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt + strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} - the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is - inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results + the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is + inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) @@ -2718,7 +2721,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -2727,8 +2730,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated - with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- + \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated + with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- able) \\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde @@ -2737,66 +2740,66 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY - below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of - commands executed during the current shell session. After the string - is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of - the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY + below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of + commands executed during the current shell session. After the string + is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of + the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of - the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is - _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are - set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline - initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a - ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- + set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline + initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a + ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -2804,19 +2807,19 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro - and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -2827,15 +2830,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -2843,7 +2846,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -2854,7 +2857,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -2864,20 +2867,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -2887,213 +2890,213 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. ccoolloorreedd--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- - ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- - tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment + If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- + ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- + tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is - asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are + asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim- ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- ated from the keyboard. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- - pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the + pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((00)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history - list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, - the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the + the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the number of history entries is not limited. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it - will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. kkeeyysseeqq--ttiimmeeoouutt ((550000)) - Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when - reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete + Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when + reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional - input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is - received within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but - complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, - so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for - additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than - or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait - until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to + input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is + received within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but + complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, + so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for + additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than + or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait + until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to complete. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--mmooddee--iinn--pprroommpptt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, add a character to the beginning of the prompt - indicating the editing mode: emacs (@), vi command (:) or vi + If set to OOnn, add a character to the beginning of the prompt + indicating the editing mode: emacs (@), vi command (:) or vi insertion (+). sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when - inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when - performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, - readline does not insert characters from the completion that - match characters after point in the word being completed, so + If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when + inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when + performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, + readline does not insert characters from the completion that + match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using - readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for - instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for + instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against the both full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- specific settings. Each program using the readline - library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash @@ -3108,51 +3111,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -3168,17 +3171,17 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) - Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the - screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the + screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -3186,136 +3189,136 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or - the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive - calls determines the direction to move through the history. A - negative argument switches the direction through the history + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. sshheellll--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--CC--ee)) Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and his- tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See - HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. + HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xxCC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the - result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) - Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of - the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last + Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of + the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not bound to ddeelleettee--cchhaarr, then return EEOOFF. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) - Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -3324,31 +3327,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -3357,65 +3360,65 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- - lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the - numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, - if this command is immediately followed by a character that is - neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, + if this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n - moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative - argument may be used to move backward through the list. This - command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by + moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative + argument may be used to move backward through the list. This + command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd - Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list - of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -3424,215 +3427,215 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- - acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. pprriinntt--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo (()) Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equivalent to MMeettaa--ff. uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern - is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern + is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible completions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, - replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, + replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) - Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. + Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- grammable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are - being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, - and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are + being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, + and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com- pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- ing the pattern will be removed. @@ -3640,44 +3643,44 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -3688,159 +3691,159 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value - less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history - file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- + SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value + less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the pre- ceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend- - ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with - history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the - history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled - (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the - lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is + ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with + history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the + history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled + (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the + lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is - unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable - is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the - history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- - sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- + unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable + is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the + history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- + sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTT-- - FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric + FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two - parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two + parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history - is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are - _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected + is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are + _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read- - ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by - quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by - the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by - default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history + ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by + quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by + the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by + default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion character. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^^ The first argument. That is, word 1. - $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will + $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head. @@ -3849,74 +3852,74 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the - options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options + options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, bbrreeaakk, ccoonnttiinnuuee, lleett, - and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -- with- - out requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not - specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -- as + and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -- with- + out requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not + specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpretation. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s - and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- - cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, - filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, + filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the - status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no - commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the + status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no + commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX] @@ -3925,28 +3928,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -3958,170 +3961,172 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is - entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- - lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the current location of the insertion point. If the executed - command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the + command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the - associated commands in a format that can be reused as + --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the + associated commands in a format that can be reused as input. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are - exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. - ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]]] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, - the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- + ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]] [-@]] [_d_i_r] + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, + the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- tional arguments following _d_i_r are ignored. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH - defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative - directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, + defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative + directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not - used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory - structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and + used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory + structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links - to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances + to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is processed by removing - the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a - slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied - with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- - fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will - return an unsuccessful status. An argument of -- is converted to - $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If a non- - empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first - argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute - pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard - output. The return value is true if the directory was success- - fully changed; false otherwise. + the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a + slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied + with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- + fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will + return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the + --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a + file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD + before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc- + tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, + and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of + the new working directory is written to the standard output. + The return value is true if the directory was successfully + changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function - lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or filename + option causes a single word indicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. - The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- - grammable completion code had generated them directly from a + The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- + grammable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is speci- fied, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion + remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' + command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command + for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE + option indicates that the remaining options and actions should + apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words - if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the + nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words + if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default). - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -4129,7 +4134,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -4138,17 +4143,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -4157,185 +4162,185 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When the function is executed, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose - arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When the function is executed, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose + arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) - is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. When it finishes, the possible - completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- + is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. When it finishes, the possible + completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- PPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- pleted. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this - case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion - has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the + remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used - with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, - are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it - will display the attributes and values of all variables having + with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, + are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it + will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other - options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the - attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option - will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option - inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function - name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option - is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number - where the function is defined are displayed as well. The --FF + options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the + attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option + will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option + inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function + name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option + is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number + where the function is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created - or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed - in a shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The - following options can be used to restrict output to variables + or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed + in a shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The + following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. - --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name - reference to another variable. That other variable is + --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name + reference to another variable. That other variable is defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references and assign- - ments to _n_a_m_e, except for changing the --nn attribute - itself, are performed on the variable referenced by - _n_a_m_e's value. The --nn attribute cannot be applied to + ments to _n_a_m_e, except for changing the --nn attribute + itself, are performed on the variable referenced by + _n_a_m_e's value. The --nn attribute cannot be applied to array variables. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used + able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a vari- - able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is + able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is - encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ``-f - foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly + encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ``-f + foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array vari- - able without using the compound assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss - above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an + able without using the compound assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss + above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly vari- - able, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array - variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent func- + able, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array + variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent func- tion with --ff. ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from the list. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default + --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active - jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr - option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option - is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is - marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell - receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option - means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- - _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return + Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active + jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr + option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option + is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is + marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell + receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option + means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- + _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. - The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option - is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped - characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- - tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are - interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used - to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these - escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to - mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape + is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped + characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- + tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are + interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used + to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these + escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to + mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4348,189 +4353,189 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redi- rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status - is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. + is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported - variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported + variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one - of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- + of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t - from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes - them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate - the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an - index into the history list, where a negative number is used as - an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not - specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that - ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- - wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous com- + The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t + from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes + them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate + the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an + index into the history list, where a negative number is used as + an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not + specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that + ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- + wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous com- mand for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is intepreted the same as - _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', - so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is intepreted the same as + _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', + so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4547,44 +4552,44 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered - since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered + since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4593,199 +4598,199 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed - status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + status since the user was last notified of their status. + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true + if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- tion and its children. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. --tt Remove a trailing newline from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, - backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal + backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits). - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no - argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had - been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no + argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had + been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behavior. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories - and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, + and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding - directories to the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding + directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the - new current working directory as if it had been supplied + new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument to the ccdd builtin. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the - second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- - ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer + second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- + ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names - are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to - split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses + are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to + split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The back- - slash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning + slash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next character read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e @@ -4794,152 +4799,152 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than - waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim- + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read. --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new- line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd - returns immediately, without trying to read any data. - The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- - fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd + returns immediately, without trying to read any data. + The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- + fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is - encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the return code is - greater than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assign- - ing to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descrip- + able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is + encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the return code is + greater than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assign- + ing to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descrip- tor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If - no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If + no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If - rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a - script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop - executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of - the last command executed within the script as the exit status - of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least - significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is - supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function - and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- - mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If + rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a + script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop + executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of + the last command executed within the script as the exit status + of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least + significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is + supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function + and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- + mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- tion resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: - --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are - modified or created for export to the environment of + --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are + modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero sta- - tus. The shell does not exit if the command that fails - is part of the command list immediately following a - wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the - iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed - in a &&&& or |||| list except the command following the - final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, - or if the command's return value is being inverted with - !!. If a compound command other than a subshell returns - a non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was - being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero sta- + tus. The shell does not exit if the command that fails + is part of the command list immediately following a + wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the + iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed + in a &&&& or |||| list except the command following the + final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, + or if the command's return value is being inverted with + !!. If a compound command other than a subshell returns + a non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was + being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -4947,10 +4952,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -4964,8 +4969,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -4980,343 +4985,343 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of - whether or not each is set. The --pp option causes output to be - displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + whether or not each is set. The --pp option causes output to be + displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command - and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command + and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- UUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar- - ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> - operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII + ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> + operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur- rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators (see previous item). ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- - rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later - interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- - rupt; previous versions continue with the next command + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- + rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later + interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- + rupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote - in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special - character. The single quotes must match (an even num- - ber) and the characters between the single quotes are - considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode - through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains + If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote + in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special + character. The single quotes must match (an even num- + ber) and the characters between the single quotes are + considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode + through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. ccoommppaatt4422 - If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in - the pattern substitution word expansion using quote + If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in + the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that - expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that + expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. This changes the contents of the readline editing - buffer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + buffer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is + If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to rreettuurrnn is simulated. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating - sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- - late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case + sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- + late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -5324,50 +5329,50 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5384,120 +5389,120 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using - !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar- - ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is - used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable + ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is + used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is - not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell + not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -5506,11 +5511,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -5519,51 +5524,51 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte - blocks; and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The - return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup- + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte + blocks; and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The + return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup- plied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each - unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each + unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- @@ -5572,19 +5577,19 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS wwaaiitt [--nn] [_n _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination status. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the --nn - option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and - returns its exit status. If _n specifies a non-existent process - or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status + option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and + returns its exit status. If _n specifies a non-existent process + or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -5593,16 +5598,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -5611,10 +5616,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -5624,14 +5629,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE -- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/ http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode @@ -5649,7 +5654,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -5663,14 +5668,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -5681,7 +5686,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -5698,10 +5703,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -5710,4 +5715,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 4.3 2013 September 2 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.3 2013 October 20 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 644c14064..5f4774d6d 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -2373,7 +2373,7 @@ The value of \fIp\fP determines whether or not the fraction is included. .IP If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the -value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\ett%3lS\(aq\fP. +value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\et%3lS\(aq\fP. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. .PD 0 diff --git a/doc/bash.1~ b/doc/bash.1~ index 045d21a6a..644c14064 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1~ +++ b/doc/bash.1~ @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet@po.cwru.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Mon Oct 14 11:51:13 EDT 2013 +.\" Last Change: Sun Oct 20 22:13:29 EDT 2013 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2013 October 14" "GNU Bash 4.3" +.TH BASH 1 "2013 October 20" "GNU Bash 4.3" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index cc864a37b..3c0e00ffd 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2013 September 2BASH(1) +BASH(1)2013 October 20BASH(1)

Index @@ -3307,15 +3307,19 @@ and

-The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, -parameter, variable and arithmetic expansion and -command substitution -(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname -expansion. +The order of expansions is: +brace expansion; +tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, +and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion); +word splitting; +and pathname expansion.

On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion available: process substitution. +This is performed at the +same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and +command substitution.

Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion @@ -9010,7 +9014,7 @@ current frame is frame 0. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine call or expr does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. -

cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]
+
cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]
Change the current directory to dir. if dir is not supplied, the value of the HOME @@ -9074,6 +9078,8 @@ option is supplied with and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory change, cd will return an unsuccessful status. +On systems that support it, the -@ option presents the extended +attributes associated with a file as a directory. An argument of - @@ -13141,7 +13147,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 4.32013 September 2BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.32013 October 20BASH(1)
@@ -13247,6 +13253,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 11 September 2013 09:17:53 EDT +Time: 22 October 2013 11:07:59 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 4d77ce141..b8435e23e 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Wed Sep 11 09:17:46 2013 +%%CreationDate: Tue Oct 22 11:07:52 2013 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ F .474(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.599 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.599(if the)4.409 F(shell is interacti) 144 698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(1)192.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(1)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -448,8 +448,8 @@ G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 720 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) 3.26 F 1.01(vironment, e)-.4 F 1.01(xpands its v)-.15 F 1.01 (alue if it appears there, and uses the e)-.25 F 1.011(xpanded v)-.15 F -1.011(alue as the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 -E(2)192.615 E 0 Cg EP +1.011(alue as the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E +(2)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F1(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 (simple command)2.675 F F0 .175(is its e)2.675 F .175 (xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F4(n)A F0 .176 (if the command is terminated by signal)3.508 F F4(n)2.676 E F0(.).24 E -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(3)192.615 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(3)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ Q F2 1.053(compound command)3.553 F F0 1.053(is one of the follo)3.553 F -3.554 F 1.027(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne) 108 698.4 R 1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.026(wed by a ne)-.25 F 1.026(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.3) -72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(4)192.615 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(4)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s)-3.097 E .049 (ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 716.4 S(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr) .2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(5)192.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(5)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -982,8 +982,8 @@ F .205(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.705 E F0 (and)2.705 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 (xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 700.8 S(cuted in).15 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) --.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(6)192.615 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20) +141.235 E(6)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 (There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 724.8 Q F2(escape c)2.5 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G (ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(7)192.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(7)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1221,8 +1221,8 @@ F(may be unset only by using the)108 686.4 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 703.2 Q F2(variable)2.79 E F0 (may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F2(name)144 720 Q -F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 -E(8)192.615 E 0 Cg EP +F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 +E(8)195.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ F 2.614(ord. 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P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 312 R F3(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 336 R F3(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 324 R .563 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 348 R .563 (wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563 (he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\ ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \ -resulting string, e)108 336 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 -348 Q .719(Brace e)108 364.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 +resulting string, e)108 360 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +372 Q .719(Brace e)108 388.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 (The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 376.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 +108 400.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 (d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 393.6 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +108 417.6 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 (es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F3(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F3(y) 3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 405.6 Q F3(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +-.15 F(and)108 429.6 Q F3(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 (xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -417.6 R F3(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F3(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +441.6 R F3(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F3(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) -2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 (gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .078 (to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 429.6 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or) +(same width.)108 453.6 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or) 2.515 E F3(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 441.6 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 465.6 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 453.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 477.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) .15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G 1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 -(that both)108 465.6 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(that both)108 489.6 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983 (must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 477.6 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 494.4 +-.25 E(between each term.)108 501.6 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 518.4 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 (ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 (haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 506.4 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(are preserv)108 530.4 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 (It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 (does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 518.4 Q +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 542.4 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 535.2 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 559.2 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 547.2 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 571.2 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 (ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 559.2 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 +(unchanged. A)108 583.2 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 (nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 571.2 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(sion. T)108 595.2 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 583.2 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 607.2 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 600 R(longer than in the abo)108 612 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:) -.15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 628.8 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G -(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 640.8 Q(cho)144 652.8 Q +108 624 R(longer than in the abo)108 636 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:) +.15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 652.8 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G +(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 664.8 Q(cho)144 676.8 Q (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 669.6 R .618 +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 693.6 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 (does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 681.6 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 705.6 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 693.6 Q -.15 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 717.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F3(\214le{1,2})108 705.6 Q F0 .515 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F3(\214le{1,2})108 729.6 Q F0 .515 (appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 (ord is output as)-.1 F F3 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 717.6 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 729.6 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(19)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.3)72 +768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(19)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(Ti)87 84 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 -1.087(If a w)108 96 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F 1.087 -(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086 -('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ - \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 -5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(i\ -n the tilde-pre\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x f\ -ollo)108 120 R .725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2 -(lo)108 132 Q .522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +-.35 E .436(If strict compatibility with)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(sh)2.936 E F0 .436(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(with the)2.936 F F1(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 +F .437(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 96 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) +87 112.8 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 124.8 R 1.087(ord be) +-.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ +ed a)108 136.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726 +(in the tilde-pre\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x\ + follo)108 148.8 R .725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F +F3(lo)108 160.8 Q .522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G +.522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOME)108 144 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E -F0 .287(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .286(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-) --.2 E(wise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory asso\ -ciated with the speci\214ed login name.)108 156 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 172.8 R .092 -(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F2(HOME)108 172.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F2(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 184.8 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 201.6 R .092 +(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 (replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 184.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 -(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 213.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 .904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) 5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 196.8 R F2(N)4.141 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 225.6 R F3(N)4.141 E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -208.8 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 220.8 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +237.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 249.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G .454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F .454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 232.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 249.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 261.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 278.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 266.4 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 295.2 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.467(these cases, tilde e)108 278.4 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 307.2 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) -.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 -290.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +319.2 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F2(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 307.2 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606 -(The `)108 319.2 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 331.2 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 343.2 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 336 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `) +108 348 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e) +-4.106 F 1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F +4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 360 +R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F +.407(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 372 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -355.2 Q 1.189 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 384 +Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -372 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +400.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) -3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -384 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex) -108 396 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 412.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A -1.204(The v)144 424.8 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204(The braces are required when) -6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F -.264(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 436.8 R F2(par) -4.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 +412.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 424.8 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 441.6 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(})A 1.204(The v)144 453.6 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)3.704 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F3(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 465.6 R F3(par)4.014 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 448.8 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 477.6 R(The)7.677 E F3(par) 5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 460.8 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) +5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 489.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .816(If the \214rst character of)108 477.6 R F2(par)3.316 E +(\).)A .816(If the \214rst character of)108 506.4 R F3(par)3.316 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .816(is an e)3.316 F .816(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .816(\), it introduces a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.316(lo).15 G -3.315(fv)-3.316 G .815(ariable indirection.)-3.565 F F1(Bash)108 489.6 Q +3.315(fv)-3.316 G .815(ariable indirection.)-3.565 F F1(Bash)108 518.4 Q F0 .106(uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F3(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 -E .352(able is then e)108 501.6 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351 +E .352(able is then e)108 530.4 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351 (alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F -.351(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.851 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 513.6 Q F0 2.519 -(itself. This)2.519 F .019(is kno)2.519 F .019(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir) +.351(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)2.851 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 542.4 Q F0 2.519 +(itself. This)2.519 F .019(is kno)2.519 F .019(wn as)-.25 F F3(indir) 2.519 E .019(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 F .02(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .02(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1 -(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.52(}a)C(nd)-2.52 E(${)108 525.6 Q -F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .763(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65 +(!)A F3(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.52(}a)C(nd)-2.52 E(${)108 554.4 Q +F1(!)A F3(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 .763(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65 (w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 F .763 (xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G .763 -(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 537.6 Q -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 554.4 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E +(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 566.4 Q +.334(In each of the cases belo)108 583.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F3(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 566.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 -(When not performing substring e)108 583.2 R 1.089 +F(and arithmetic e)108 595.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +(When not performing substring e)108 612 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G (e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 -(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 595.2 Q(Omitt\ -ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E -(${)108 612 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F1 .722(Use Default V)144 624 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F2 -(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 636 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 -(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 648 Q F2(par) -A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 660 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2 +(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 624 Q(Omittin\ +g the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 640.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 652.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 +E F3(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F +.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 664.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 676.8 Q F3 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 +(Assign Default V)144 688.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F3 (par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F -2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 -(is assigned to)5.274 F F2(par)144 672 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 G -.278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 +(is assigned to)5.274 F F3(par)144 700.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 +G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 684 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) -108 696 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 -.535(Display Err)144 708 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C -(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 720 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(20)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 712.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(20)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(interacti)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5 -(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)2.5 E(${) -108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:+)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 108 R .745(nate V)-.15 F(alue)-.92 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745 +-.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 +96 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par) +4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F +.661(sage to that ef)144 108 R .661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 +E F0 .662(is not present\) is written to the standard error and the she\ +ll, if it is not)3.931 F(interacti)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G +2.5(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(:+)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 144 R .745 +(nate V)-.15 F(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745 (is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 120 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 144 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 156 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 168 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 156 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E +144 192 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 -(character speci\214ed by)144 168 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 +(character speci\214ed by)144 204 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 (.I)C(f)-6.082 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F2(*) -3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 180 Q +3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 216 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) 3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 -(substring of the v)144 192 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter) +(substring of the v)144 228 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F1(of) 2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F -.846(end of the v)144 204 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 +.846(end of the v)144 240 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 (xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 216 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 240 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 252 Q(w\).)-.25 E +(If)144 276 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 252 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.045(end of the v)144 288 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 264 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 +(of)144 300 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 276 R +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 312 R .557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 288 Q -.2(vo) +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 324 Q -.2(vo) -.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 312 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 348 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) 2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 324 R .095 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 360 R .095 (en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) .25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 -(the last positional parameter)144 336 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti)-6.322 +(the last positional parameter)144 372 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti)-6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if)-3.972 F F1(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 348 Q(If)144 372 Q F1(par) +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 384 Q(If)144 408 Q F1(par) 3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 (da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 -384 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A +420 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A (fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081 (en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater) --3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 396 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) +-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 432 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) -3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) -6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F -(number less than zero.)144 408 Q(Substring e)144 432 Q +(number less than zero.)144 444 Q(Substring e)144 468 Q (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931(Substring inde)144 456 R +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931(Substring inde)144 492 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ -which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 468 Q .306(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F +which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 504 Q .306(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 (is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F2($0)2.807 E F0 -.307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 480 Q(${)108 496.8 Q -F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 508.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A -(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 520.8 R +.307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 516 Q(${)108 532.8 Q +F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 544.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 556.8 R (e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084 (ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 532.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 568.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258 (is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 544.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 561.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) -A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 573.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 585.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) +(within double quotes, each v)144 580.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 597.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) +A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 609.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 +(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 621.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) -7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036 (ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .595(assigned in)144 597.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .595(assigned in)144 633.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 609.6 Q F0 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 645.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -626.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 638.4 S .471 +662.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 674.4 S .471 (rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 (he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) 2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 650.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) +4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 686.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) 3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) 6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 -(array name subscripted by)144 662.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) +(array name subscripted by)144 698.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 674.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 710.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 (is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 (rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 686.4 R 1.273 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 722.4 R 1.273 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) -3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 698.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(21)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(21)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 108 Q 1.396 --.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E -F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F -1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .152(name e) -144 120 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be) -2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E +-.35 E(from the end of the array)144 84 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 +E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A(${)108 112.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 +(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E +(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .152(name e)144 +136.8 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 +F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 -(the e)144 132 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 +(the e)144 148.8 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 --.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 144 R -(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If) +-.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 160.8 +R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If) 5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or) -2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo)144 156 -Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 +2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo)144 +172.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 168 R +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 184.8 R (If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) 2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 (lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 180 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 196.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 208.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 220.8 Q .346 -.1 +(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 196.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 213.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 225.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 237.6 Q .346 -.1 (ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he) -5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 -232.8 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 +249.6 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) -.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 244.8 R .226 +G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 261.6 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 256.8 S F2 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 273.6 S F2 (%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E (ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 268.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 +2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 285.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 (lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If) +-2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 297.6 R(If) 5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G (per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -292.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 309.6 Q F1(par)A +309.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 326.4 Q F1(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa) -144 321.6 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C +144 338.4 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C (he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 333.6 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 +(sion.)144 350.4 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 (is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) 3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 345.6 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 362.4 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 (are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 357.6 R +(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 374.4 R (If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) 3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 369.6 S .62 +F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 386.4 S .62 (lue of).25 F F1(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1 (pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 (,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 381.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E +(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 398.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) 3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) 3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) -3.753 F 2.678(omitted. If)144 393.6 R F1(par)3.928 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.753 F 2.678(omitted. If)144 410.4 R F1(par)3.928 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is)3.408 E F2(@)2.678 E F0(or)2.678 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .179 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter) --2.679 F .619(in turn, and the e)144 405.6 R .619 +-2.679 F .619(in turn, and the e)144 422.4 R .619 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F1(par)4.369 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .618(is an array v)3.849 F .618 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 417.6 Q F0(or)3.223 E F2(*) +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 434.4 Q F0(or)3.223 E F2(*) 3.223 E F0 3.223(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion is the resultant list.)144 429.6 Q(${)108 446.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 458.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 470.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A -F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 482.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 494.4 R F0 5.438(.T)C +(sion is the resultant list.)144 446.4 Q(${)108 463.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 475.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 487.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A +F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 499.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 511.2 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 506.4 Q +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 523.2 Q F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 518.4 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 535.2 S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +547.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 542.4 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +-.15(ve)144 559.2 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.547(letters to lo)144 554.4 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +1.547(letters to lo)144 571.2 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 566.4 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 583.2 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 E F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 578.4 Q F0 .78 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 595.2 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 590.4 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 602.4 R(If)5.468 E F1 +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 607.2 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 619.2 R(If)5.468 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F .005(tion operation is \ -applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 614.4 R .005 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F F2(Command Substitution)87 631.2 -Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 643.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 631.2 R .005 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F F2(Command Substitution)87 648 Q +F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 660 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 (ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 655.2 Q F2($\()144 672 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 684 Q F2<92>144 696 Q F1(command)A F2 -<92>A(Bash)108 712.8 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02(xpansion by e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 .019 -(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 -(dard output of the command, with an)108 724.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 -(railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(22)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 672 Q F2($\()144 688.8 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 700.8 Q F2<92>144 712.8 Q F1(command) +A F2<92>A(Bash)108 729.6 Q F0 1.709(performs the e)4.209 F 1.709 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)4.209 E F0 +1.708(and replacing the command substitution with the)4.208 F +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(22)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(the)108 84 Q 3.219(ym)-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F -.719(The command substitution)5.719 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\(cat)3.219 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.219 E F1(\))A F0 .718 -(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 96 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 +-.35 E .749(standard output of the command, with an)108 84 R 3.249(yt) +-.15 G .749(railing ne)-3.249 F .749(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .75 +(Embedded ne)5.749 F .75(wlines are not deleted,)-.25 F -.2(bu)108 96 S +3.197(tt).2 G(he)-3.197 E 3.197(ym)-.15 G .697(ay be remo)-3.197 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.196(dd).15 G .696(uring w)-3.196 F .696(ord splitting.)-.1 +F .696(The command substitution)5.696 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\(cat) +3.196 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.196 E F1(\))A F0 .696 +(can be replaced by)3.196 F(the equi)108 108 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backsl\ -ash retains its literal meaning e)108 112.8 R(xcept)-.15 E .315 -(when follo)108 124.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> +ash retains its literal meaning e)108 124.8 R(xcept)-.15 E .315 +(when follo)108 136.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> 2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ -b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 136.8 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 +b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. 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The).25 F +(tution, and quote remo)108 316.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F 1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. 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If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 568.8 R 3.736(ords. 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If).15 F 2.676(ap) 2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 -(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 645.6 Q -(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 662.4 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 679.2 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 691.2 R .37 +(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 657.6 Q +(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 674.4 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 691.2 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 703.2 R .37 (ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 (option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F .371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 703.2 R .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 715.2 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 715.2 R +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 727.2 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009 -(are found, and the shell option)108 727.2 R F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008 -(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008 -(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(option is)2.508 F -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(23)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(23)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .442(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 84 R .442 -(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443 -(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38 -(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 96 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. 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or more directories and subdirectories.)180 384 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 -F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 396 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 396 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 408 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G (djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 408 Q F0 +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 420 Q F0 (Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1([...]) -144 420 Q F0 .579(Matches an)21.84 F 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +144 432 Q F0 .579(Matches an)21.84 F 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 432 R F3 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +(denotes a)180 444 R F3 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 (haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G -.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 +.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 (ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) -6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 456 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 +6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 468 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 ([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 (^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 (haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 468 R .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 480 R .894 (xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 480 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +180 492 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) 2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 (ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 -F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 492 R .068 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 504 R .068 (xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F -.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 504 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 516 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 .156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 .157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 516 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 528 Q -.4(Wi)180 -546 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F3 -.15(ch) +180 528 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 540 Q -.4(Wi)180 +558 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F3 -.15(ch) 3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F3(class)A F1 (:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F3(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 558 Q +(is one of the follo)180 570 Q (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 570 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 582 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 594 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 582 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 594 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.289(Ac)180 606 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) -.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 606 Q -.4(Wi) -180 624 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 618 Q -.4(Wi) +180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 (,a)C(n)-4.537 E F3 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F3(c)A F1(=]) A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 636 R -(the character)180 648 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 666 S(thin).4 E F1 + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 648 R +(the character)180 660 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 678 S(thin).4 E F1 ([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F3(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F3(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 682.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 (shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 -694.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 +706.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 (is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 706.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(24)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(24)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3322,7 +3326,7 @@ F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 729.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(25)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(25)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3411,7 +3415,7 @@ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F 676.8 Q F1(&>>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 (This is semantically equi)108 710.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 (>>)144 727.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(26)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(26)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3504,7 +3508,7 @@ F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 696 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785 (rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 708 Q -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(27)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(27)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3642,8 +3646,8 @@ F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 660 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(28)187.615 E 0 -Cg EP +-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(28)190.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3749,8 +3753,8 @@ A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 (xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 (Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 724.8 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(29)187.615 E 0 -Cg EP +-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(29)190.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3866,7 +3870,7 @@ E F0 -.35(Tr)144 692.4 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F1 F3108 704.4 Q F1(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 716.4 S (ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F1(varname)2.79 E F0 (is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(30)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(30)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3960,7 +3964,7 @@ E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 720 Q 2.5 (uiltins. 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-(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F22.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F22.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 429.6 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +5.399 E .174(either the)144 405.6 R F22.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F22.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 417.6 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F2144 429.6 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 441.6 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 441.6 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 453.6 S +(command)144.2 453.6 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 465.6 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 -(compgen)108 470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 482.4 R +(compgen)108 482.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 494.4 R F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 494.4 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 506.4 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 506.4 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F +3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 518.4 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F F23.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F23.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 -F(grammable completion f)144 518.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) +F(grammable completion f)144 530.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) --.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 542.4 R .352 +-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 554.4 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -554.4 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 566.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 590.4 Q +566.4 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 578.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 602.4 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 607.2 Q F0([)3.729 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F2-3.729 E F1(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.729 E +(complete)108 619.2 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C +F2-3.728 E F1(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2 --3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F1(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F1(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -619.2 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 631.2 Q +-3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2-3.729 E F1(wor)3.729 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2-3.729 E F1(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +631.2 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 643.2 Q F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 -643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.634(Specify ho)144 655.2 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 -(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 -F .633(If the)5.634 F F23.133 E F0 .633 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 -667.2 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) -144 679.2 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1 -(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E -F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 691.2 R(The)6.347 E -F23.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 703.2 R(`def)-.74 E +655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.633(Specify ho)144 667.2 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F23.134 E F0 .634 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 +679.2 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 691.2 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 703.2 R(The)6.347 E +F23.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 715.2 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -715.2 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +727.2 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F23.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F 3.009 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 727.2 R -(`empty')-.74 E 5.509('c)-.74 G 3.009(ommand completion; that is,)-5.509 -F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(53)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(option indicates that)3.455 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20) +141.235 E(53)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 Q 1.437 +-.35 E .064(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 84 R +(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 96 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -108 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 120 Q +120 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 132 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 144 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 156 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 3.055 -(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) -144 156 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F13.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1 -3.222 E F0 .723(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e) -3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion before the)144 168 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 168 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F13.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1 +3.223 E F0 .722(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e) +3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion before the)144 180 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 -180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 192 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 +192 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 204 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 (ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 (vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) -184 204 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 -216 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 228 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +184 216 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 +228 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 240 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F -(matches.)224 240 Q F1(default)184 252 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F -5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +(matches.)224 252 Q F1(default)184 264 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F +5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 264 Q F1(dir)184 276 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 288 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -300 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 312 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 324 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +224 276 Q F1(dir)184 288 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 300 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +312 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 324 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 336 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 336 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 348 Q F1(noquote) -184 360 Q F0 -.7(Te)5.55 G .814 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 348 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 360 Q F1(noquote) +184 372 Q F0 -.7(Te)5.55 G .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 372 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nospace)184 384 Q F0 +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 384 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nospace)184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 (ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 -396 Q F1(plusdirs)184 408 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G +408 Q F1(plusdirs)184 420 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name) --4.485 F .583(completion is attempted and an)224 420 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G +-4.485 F .584(completion is attempted and an)224 432 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 -432 Q F1144 444 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 456 Q F2(action)2.5 E +444 Q F1144 456 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 468 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -468 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 480 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 492 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 504 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 516 S(iltin).2 E F0 +480 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 492 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 504 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 516 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G +2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 528 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 528 -Q F0(Command names.)224 540 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 552 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 564 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 576 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 588 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -600 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -612 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 540 +Q F0(Command names.)224 552 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 564 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 576 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 588 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 600 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +612 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +624 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -624 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(function)184 636 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 648 Q F1 -(gr)184 660 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E +636 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(function)184 648 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 660 Q F1 +(gr)184 672 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -672 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 684 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 696 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 708 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(54)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +684 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 696 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E +(54)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(job)184 84 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hostname)184 84 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 +96 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 108 Q F0 (Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 96 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 108 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 132 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -120 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 132 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 144 Q +144 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 156 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 168 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 156 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 168 Q F0 -(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 180 Q F0 +(shopt)184 180 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 192 Q F0 +(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 204 Q F0 (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) -.15 E F1(user)184 192 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 204 S +.15 E F1(user)184 216 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 228 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 216 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 228 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 240 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 252 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 240 Q F1144 252 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113 -(The shell function)184 264 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 264 Q F1144 276 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 288 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 276 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 300 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 288 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 312 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 300 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 312 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 324 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 336 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 -(The pathname e)184 348 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 360 Q F1144 372 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 384 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 324 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 336 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 348 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1144 360 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 372 R +1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 384 Q +F1144 396 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 408 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 396 Q F1144 408 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 420 Q F1144 432 Q F3(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 420 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 432 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 -(each resultant w)184 444 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 456 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1144 468 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 480 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 492 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 504 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 516 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 532.8 R .466 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 444 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 456 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 +(each resultant w)184 468 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F +(resultant list which match the w)184 480 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1144 492 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 504 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 516 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 528 Q F3(\214lterpat) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 540 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 556.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 544.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 556.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 568.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 580.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 573.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 585.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 597.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 609.6 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 621.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F1(compopt)108 597.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 609.6 R +F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 621.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 633.6 Q F3(name) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 645.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 633.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 657.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 645.6 R 2.178 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F14.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 657.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 669.6 R 2.177 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F14.677 E F0 2.178 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) +144 681.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 681.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +E 1.388(The return v)144 705.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 693.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 717.6 Q F3(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(55)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(55)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(continue)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 96 R 1.754 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 96 R 1.753 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 108 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 108 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 /Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 120 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 132 Q F1(declar)108 148.8 Q +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 132 Q F1(declar)108 148.8 Q (e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 (typeset)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 172.8 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 172.8 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 184.8 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 196.8 Q F2(name)2.774 E -F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 208.8 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 220.8 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F13.682 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 184.8 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 +3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 196.8 Q F2(name)2.775 E +F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) +2.774 F(without)144 208.8 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 220.8 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 232.8 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 (ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 -244.8 R(The)6.29 E F13.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ -of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 +244.8 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ +y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 (name and attrib)144 256.8 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) 5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.342(\214le name and line number where the fun\ ction is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 268.8 R(The)6.342 E F1 -3.842 E F0(option)3.842 E(implies)144 280.8 Q F13.892 E F0 -6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F13.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F +3.841 E F0(option)3.841 E(implies)144 280.8 Q F13.891 E F0 +6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F13.891 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 292.8 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 -1.882(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 304.8 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 316.8 Q(utes:)-.2 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 292.8 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 +1.883(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F +(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 304.8 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 316.8 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1144 328.8 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 (Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 340.8 Q F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 352.8 Q F0(Use function names only) -26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1144 364.8 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558 +26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1144 364.8 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 376.8 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) -2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 388.8 Q -F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +F0 .909(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 400.8 R +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 400.8 R (upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 412.8 -Q F0(Gi)24.74 E 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) -3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +Q F0(Gi)24.74 E 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0(the) +3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.033(That other v)180 424.8 R 1.033(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +1.032(That other v)180 424.8 R 1.033(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F 1.033(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)3.533 E F0 6.033(.A)C 1.033 -(ll references and assignments to)-6.033 F F2(name)180 436.8 Q F0 4.032 -(,e)C 1.532(xcept for changing the)-4.182 F F14.032 E F0(attrib) -4.032 E 1.532(ute itself, are performed on the v)-.2 F 1.533 +(ll references and assignments to)-6.033 F F2(name)180 436.8 Q F0 4.033 +(,e)C 1.533(xcept for changing the)-4.183 F F14.032 E F0(attrib) +4.032 E 1.532(ute itself, are performed on the v)-.2 F 1.532 (ariable refer)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(enced by)180 448.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 1.1 -.55('s v)D 2.5(alue. The).3 F F12.5 E F0(attrib)2.5 E (ute cannot be applied to array v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 -460.8 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly) --5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v) --7.547 F 2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F +460.8 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly) +-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v) +-7.546 F 2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F (assignment statements or unset.)180 472.8 Q F1144 484.8 Q F0(Gi) -26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E -F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429 -(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 -E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)180 496.8 Q +26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2 +(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429 +(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 +E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)180 496.8 Q (The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.) --.25 E F1144 508.8 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909 +-.25 E F1144 508.8 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F -(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 520.8 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 -E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 532.8 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 -E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 549.6 R -2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F -.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -.645(to destro)144 561.6 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) --3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) -3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 -(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 573.6 Q F1 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-) +-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 520.8 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 532.8 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E +F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 549.6 R +2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 +F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F +.644(to destro)144 561.6 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 573.6 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 -(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E .134 -(is supplied.)144 585.6 R .134(If a v)5.134 F .134 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E .133 +(is supplied.)144 585.6 R .133(If a v)5.133 F .133 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F .134(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 2.634 -(,t)C .134(he v)-2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .133 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)2.633 E F0 5.133(.T)C(he)-5.133 E .8 -(return v)144 597.6 R .8(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.801 +(,t)C .134(he v)-2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)2.634 E F0 5.134(.T)C(he)-5.134 E +.801(return v)144 597.6 R .801(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 +G .8 (lid option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function) -.25 F(using)144 609.6 Q/F5 10/Courier@0 SF 1.039(\255f foo=bar)3.539 F -F0 3.539(,a)C 3.539(na)-3.539 G 1.038(ttempt is made to assign a v) --3.539 F 1.038(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.038(ariable, an attempt is) +.25 F(using)144 609.6 Q/F5 10/Courier@0 SF 1.038(\255f foo=bar)3.538 F +F0 3.538(,a)C 3.538(na)-3.538 G 1.038(ttempt is made to assign a v) +-3.538 F 1.038(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.039(ariable, an attempt is) -.25 F .974(made to assign a v)144 621.6 R .974(alue to an array v)-.25 F .974(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)144 633.6 Q F0(abo)2.86 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .36(\), one of the) .15 F F2(names)2.86 E F0 .36(is not a v)2.86 F .36(alid shell v)-.25 F -.36(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F(f)-.25 E .056 +.36(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F(f)-.25 E .057 (readonly status for a readonly v)144 645.6 R .057 -(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.557(fa)-.25 G .057 -(rray status for an array v)-2.557 F(ari-)-.25 E +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.556(fa)-.25 G .056 +(rray status for an array v)-2.556 F(ari-)-.25 E (able, or an attempt is made to display a non-e)144 657.6 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 674.4 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 686.4 S .329 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 686.4 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 698.4 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 710.4 Q F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(56)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(56)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6793,65 +6800,65 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 -144 96 Q F0 .882(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def) -27.52 F .881(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F +144 96 Q F0 .881(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def) +27.52 F .882(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F (the home directory)180 108 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 120 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1144 -132 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 -G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 144 Q F1(+)144 156 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) -A F0 1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +132 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 +G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 144 Q F1(+)144 156 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) +A F0 1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 168 Q F1144 180 Q F2(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 192 Q .258(The return v)144 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 192 Q .257(The return v)144 208.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) .15 F(tory stack.)144 220.8 Q F1(diso)108 237.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 249.6 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 249.6 S .122(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15 (ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 (from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 -F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096 +F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 F .096 (neither the)144 261.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)144 273.6 Q F0 .672(is not remo)3.482 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.172(df).15 G .672(rom the table, b)-3.172 F .672(ut is mark)-.2 F .672 -(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.172 E F0 .673 +.15 F F2(jobspec)144 273.6 Q F0 .673(is not remo)3.483 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.173(df).15 G .672(rom the table, b)-3.173 F .672(ut is mark)-.2 F .672 +(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.172 E F0 .672 (is not sent to the job if the)2.922 F .962(shell recei)144 285.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 297.6 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 309.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 297.6 R F1 +3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 309.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 338.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 338.4 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 350.4 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 350.4 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 362.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F13.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 +6.348 E F13.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 (interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 374.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 -(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -386.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 -F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 398.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F13.216 E F0 .716 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 +(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +386.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 +F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 +(these escape characters by def)144 398.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F13.216 E F0 .715 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 (interprets the follo)144 410.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) 144 422.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 434.4 Q F0(backspace) 27.66 E F1(\\c)144 446.4 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)144 @@ -6866,63 +6873,63 @@ Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 494.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 602.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 614.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 602.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 614.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 626.4 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 638.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 638.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G (igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 667.2 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 667.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 (the same name as a shell b)144 679.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 (the shell normally searches for b)144 691.2 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 (abled; otherwise,)144 703.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 715.2 R .081(uiltin v) --.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) -2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 727.2 S 1.524 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 715.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 +F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F +F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 727.2 S 1.525 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(57)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(57)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.867 E F0 .367 -(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367 -(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) --5.366 G(o)-2.866 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E -.366(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the) -144 96 R F12.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b) +-.35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.866 E F0 .366 +(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F .366 +(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) +-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E +.367(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the) +144 96 R F12.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b) 2.899 F .399(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399 -(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099 +(th no other option ar).4 F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098 (list consists of all enabled shell b)144 108 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F -F12.598 E F0 .098(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098 -(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 +F12.598 E F0 .098(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099 +(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 120 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 132 R F12.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 144 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 156 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 +(enabled. If)144 132 R F12.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F +(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 144 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 156 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 172.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(The)144 184.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 -(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(...])2.5 E(The)144 184.8 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) @@ -6930,82 +6937,82 @@ Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 172.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 237.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 249.6 R .176 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 237.6 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 249.6 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 261.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 -F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 -E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 -.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 273.6 Q F0 .638 -(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 261.6 R .499(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 +(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 273.6 Q F0 .639(to be e) +3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 285.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 285.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 297.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F -.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 297.6 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 309.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) -.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 321.6 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 -(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 321.6 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 +(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 (If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 333.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 362.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 379.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 391.2 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 403.2 R +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 391.2 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 403.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 415.2 R(the)2.627 E F1 -2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 415.2 R(the)2.626 E F1 +2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 (n, or if the).15 F F1144 427.2 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.548 E F0 -.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 439.2 S 1.447 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 +.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 439.2 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 451.2 S .741(lue of the v) -.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 463.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 475.2 Q F1(fc)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 451.2 S .742(lue of the v) +.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 463.2 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 475.2 Q F1(fc)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 516 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 +528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 540 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F -2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .315(is used as an of) -144 552 R .315(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.315 E -F2(last)2.904 E F0 .314(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F -(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 564 R/F4 10 +144 540 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314(is used as an of) +144 552 R .314(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E +F2(last)2.905 E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F +(-)-.2 E .949(rent command for listing \(so that)144 564 R/F4 10 /Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948 -(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E -F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 576 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E +(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E +F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 576 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 600 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 @@ -7014,29 +7021,29 @@ F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 612 R .438(If the)5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 -(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.334(the editor gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 636 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 --.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F -F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 -(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 648 R .951 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 660 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 684 R F2 +(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 636 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E +F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) +-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 +(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 648 R .95 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F +-.15(exe)144 660 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 684 R F2 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 696 Q F0 .347(is intepreted the same as)2.847 F F2<8c72>2.847 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 696 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72>2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .346(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.846(,s)C 2.846(ot)-2.846 G(hat)-2.846 E(typing)144 708 Q F4 7.165(rc) -3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) -3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(58) -187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 +2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 708 Q F4 7.166(rc) +3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(58) +190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7045,98 +7052,98 @@ BP -.35 E .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 84 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>4.552 E -(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454 +(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455 (specify history lines out of range.)144 96 R .454(If the)5.454 F/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF2.954 E F0 .454(option is supplied, the return v) -2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455(alue of the)-.25 F .788 -(last command e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788(cuted or f).15 F .787 +2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454(alue of the)-.25 F .787 +(last command e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 132 Q +120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 132 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 160.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +144 160.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 172.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 172.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 184.8 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 196.8 Q -F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) +F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) 4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 (as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 213.6 Q F1 (optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 225.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 237.6 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 249.6 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 237.6 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 249.6 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 261.6 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 273.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 -3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 285.6 Q .085 +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 273.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 285.6 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 (or a shell script is in)144 297.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 309.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 309.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 (reset between multiple calls to)144 321.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 333.6 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 357.6 R F2(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 333.6 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 357.6 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 369.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 393.6 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 -405.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 429.6 Q F0 1.165 -(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 -(is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 393.6 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 +405.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 429.6 Q F0 1.166 +(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 (reporting is used.)144 441.6 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 453.6 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 465.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0 -(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 489.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 -(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) -3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -501.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 -E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 513.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 -537.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 -(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144 549.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F2 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +453.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 465.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 489.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +501.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 513.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +537.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 549.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 561.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 (OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 (getopts)144 585.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 597.6 Q F2(hash)108 614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A @@ -7145,28 +7152,28 @@ F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 561.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 (the directories in)144 638.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 650.4 -R F22.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 -(of the command.)144 662.4 R(The)6.712 E F24.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F24.211 E F0 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 650.4 +R F22.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 +(of the command.)144 662.4 R(The)6.711 E F24.211 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F24.212 E F0 .833(option causes the shell to for)144 674.4 R .833 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F23.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 686.4 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 686.4 R F1(name) +3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F +F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 698.4 R F23.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 .795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -710.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 722.4 Q F22.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(59)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +710.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 722.4 Q F22.822 E F0 .322 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(59)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7175,12 +7182,12 @@ BP -.35 E(unless a)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0 (is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(help)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255dms)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b) +(][)C F1(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b) 144 112.8 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -124.8 R F1(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 +124.8 R F1(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 136.8 Q F2 144 148.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F1 (pattern)2.5 E F2144 160.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) @@ -7196,13 +7203,13 @@ F2(history \255p)108 254.4 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 278.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F2(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 290.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F2(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 290.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 302.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 302.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F1 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 314.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -7214,63 +7221,64 @@ F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 350.4 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F2144 362.4 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) -180 374.4 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F2144 386.4 Q F0 .598 -(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 -(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 +180 374.4 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F2144 386.4 Q F0 .599 +(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598 +(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.099 F .598 (ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)180 398.4 Q F0 (session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F2144 410.4 Q F0 .854(Rea\ d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\ -urrent history list.)24.74 F .772 +urrent history list.)24.74 F .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 422.4 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E (sion.)180 434.4 Q F2144 446.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)25.86 E F2 144 458.4 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o) 23.08 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F2144 470.4 Q F0 .626 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F2144 470.4 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F1(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 482.4 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F (normal history e)180 494.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2144 506.4 Q F0 -.363(Store the)26.41 F F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +.362(Store the)26.41 F F1(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 518.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 535.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 535.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 547.2 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 559.2 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 547.2 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 559.2 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .415 (are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 571.2 R .416 -(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 +(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .416 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 583.2 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) -3 E(supplied as an ar)144 595.2 Q(gument to)-.18 E F22.5 E F0 2.5 -(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 -E(gument to)-.18 E F22.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 -612 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E -F2(jobs \255x)108 624 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 636 Q .3 -.15(ve j) --.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo) -.15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 648 Q F0 +, an in)144 583.2 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 595.2 Q(gument to)-.18 E F22.5 E +F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F22.5 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 612 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 624 Q F1(command)2.5 +E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 636 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 648 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F2 -144 660 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F -.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 672 Q F2144 +144 660 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F +.194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 672 Q F2144 684 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G (rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 696 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)25.86 E F2144 708 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 724.8 Q F1(jobspec)4.553 E F0 -.313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(60)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(Display only stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 724.8 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 E F0 +.314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(60)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7278,10 +7286,10 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(an in)144 84 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in) .25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 100.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 100.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394 (replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)3.204 -F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 112.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E @@ -7289,34 +7297,34 @@ F2(kill)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 (kill \255l)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 -G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 153.6 R F1 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F1(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F1 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 165.6 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 177.6 Q F1(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) +G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 153.6 R F1 +(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F1 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 165.6 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 177.6 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 189.6 Q .523(gument of)-.18 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 189.6 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) .18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 (n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 201.6 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 213.6 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F -F22.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 225.6 +F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 213.6 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F22.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 225.6 R F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F +.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F (occurs or an in)144 237.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.) .25 E F2(let)108 254.4 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 266.4 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 -(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 -(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F +E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 266.4 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196 +(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 +(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F (the last)144 278.4 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G (luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) 2.5 E F2(local)108 295.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name) @@ -7324,19 +7332,19 @@ E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 266.4 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 (ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) 2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 -.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 319.2 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 319.2 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -331.2 Q F1(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 -(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 343.2 Q F0 1.165 -(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 +331.2 Q F1(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +-.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 343.2 Q F0 1.164 +(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) -6.165 F F2(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 -(within a function.)144 355.2 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 +6.165 F F2(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233 +(within a function.)144 355.2 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233 F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F --.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144 367.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 (logout)108 384 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(map\214le)108 400.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 @@ -7348,21 +7356,21 @@ F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 +(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 (Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 424.8 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.85 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) --2.85 F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 436.8 R F23.748 E F0 -1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.749 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 -448.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2 -144 460.8 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1 -(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 472.8 Q F0(Be)22.52 E -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2144 484.8 Q F0 +-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.851 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 436.8 +R F23.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 448.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 460.8 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G +2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1 +(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 472.8 Q F0 +(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde) +2.82 E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 +E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2144 484.8 Q F0 (Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 144 496.8 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E (wline from each line read.)-.25 E F2144 508.8 Q F0 @@ -7372,38 +7380,38 @@ F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F22.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2144 532.8 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 549.6 Q F22.968 E F0 .467 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 549.6 Q F22.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F22.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 561.6 R 2.761(xo)-.15 -G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 573.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 561.6 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 573.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 585.6 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 602.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 619.2 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 619.2 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F2(popd)108 648 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 660 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 660 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se) +.15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 (th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -672 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +.3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +672 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 684 Q F2144 696 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(61)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(61)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7416,35 +7424,35 @@ BP S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) 2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo) -25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) -180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) -3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 -E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 120 +R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0 +(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd)3.144 E +F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 +(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 +E F0 .415(returns f)144 148.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q (ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 -E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .036 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) @@ -7457,71 +7465,71 @@ E F0(,)A F1(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F1(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608 20.44 E F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2 (ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell) 2.51 F(input.)180 345.6 Q F1(%\()144 357.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 -(causes)180 369.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 381.6 R F2 +(causes)180 369.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 381.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 393.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F -.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 +.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .848 (current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 405.6 R .847 -(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 417.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 -G .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G -2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 429.6 Q -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 446.4 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ -peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 458.4 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.347(d. If).1 F .847(no ar)3.347 +F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 417.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 +G .354(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.854(sa).15 G 2.854(si)-2.854 G +2.854(f-)-2.854 G 2.854(1h)-2.854 G .354(ad been gi)-2.854 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .355(is an e)2.854 F .355 +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 429.6 Q +(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 446.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format s\ +peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 458.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 470.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 487.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 470.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 487.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 499.2 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 499.2 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 511.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) 108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ -ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 552 R 3.14(wt)-.25 -G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 564 R 1.316 -(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 -(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 -(irectories and)-3.815 F .871 +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ +tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 552 R 3.139(wt)-.25 +G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 564 R 1.315 +(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315 +(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316 +(irectories and)-3.816 F .872 (returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 576 R 5.871(.A)-.65 -G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15(ve t) --.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 588 Q F1 +G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15(ve t) +-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 588 Q F1 144 600 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory when \ adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F -(only the stack is manipulated.)180 612 Q F1(+)144 624 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267 -(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) +(only the stack is manipulated.)180 612 Q F1(+)144 624 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268 +(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) -.25 F F1(dirs)180 636 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) -2.5 E F1144 648 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 660 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 672 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) --.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +E F2(dir)144.35 672 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) +-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F (if it had been supplied as the ar)180 684 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 700.8 R F1(pushd)2.989 -E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 712.8 R F2(dir) -3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 -(stack is empty)144 724.8 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 700.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 +E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 712.8 R F2(dir) +3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 +F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 +(stack is empty)144 724.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(62)187.615 E 0 -Cg EP +-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(62)190.395 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7529,107 +7537,107 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(speci\214ed ne)144 84 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E (ails.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP) -A F0(])A .844(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 112.8 R -.845(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +A F0(])A .845(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 112.8 R +.845(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 124.8 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 136.8 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 +(enabled. If)144 136.8 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 148.8 R -.25(va) -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 160.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 177.6 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2 -(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 -3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 --3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E -F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A +(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2 +(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 +3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E +F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A ([)108 189.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 201.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q -F12.539 E F0 .039(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038 -(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G -.038(he second w)-2.538 F .038(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q +F12.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038 +(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G +.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw) .15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 237.6 R .541(wer w) --.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 249.6 S 3.357(lues. The).25 F -.857(characters in)3.357 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.357 E F0 .857 +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 237.6 R .54(wer w)-.25 +F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ +are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 249.6 S 3.357(lues. The).25 F .857 +(characters in)3.357 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.357 E F0 .857 (are used to split the line into w)3.107 F .857 -(ords using the same rules the shell)-.1 F .754(uses for e)144 261.6 R +(ords using the same rules the shell)-.1 F .753(uses for e)144 261.6 R .753(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F 1.053 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.253 G .753(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.253(\). The)B .753 -(backslash character \()3.253 F F1(\\)A F0 3.253(\)m)C .753(ay be)-3.253 -F .075(used to remo)144 273.6 R .375 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .375 -.15(ny s).15 -H .075(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .076 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Options,)5.076 E +(backslash character \()3.253 F F1(\\)A F0 3.253(\)m)C .754(ay be)-3.253 +F .076(used to remo)144 273.6 R .376 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .376 -.15(ny s).15 +H .075(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .075 +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Options,)5.075 E (if supplied, ha)144 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 297.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 309.6 R 1.049 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 297.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 309.6 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 321.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 333.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 345.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 +(aname)180.33 321.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 333.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 345.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1144 357.6 Q F0 .372 +F1144 357.6 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 (to obtain the line.)180 369.6 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E (acti)180 381.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F1144 393.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 -G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) +F1144 393.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716 +G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te) 2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E -.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 405.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 +.215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 405.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 417.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 429.6 S(ad).18 E -F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 +F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E +F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395 (aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 441.6 Q (ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E (s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 144 453.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 465.6 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 477.6 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 489.6 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 501.6 Q F1 -144 513.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 525.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 +R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 501.6 Q F1 +144 513.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 525.6 Q F2(pr)3.66 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) -.25 F(an)180 537.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 549.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +144 549.6 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) -5.543 F(the line.)180 561.6 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) -.25 E F1144 573.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 585.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 597.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +144 585.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 597.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 609.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 621.6 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -633.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 645.6 R .59 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +633.6 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 645.6 R .589 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 657.6 S (riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) @@ -7640,22 +7648,22 @@ G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 669.6 R 1.12 (on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 681.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G (it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 693.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) -14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 710.4 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 -.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192 -(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 722.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) +14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 710.4 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 +.192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191 +(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 722.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad) .18 E F0 1.343 -(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(63)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(63)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .871(128\), a v)144 84 R .871 +-.35 E .872(128\), a v)144 84 R .871 (ariable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v)-.25 F -.872(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E +.871(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E (\214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 96 Q(gument to)-.18 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 @@ -7663,25 +7671,25 @@ F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 (..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 (alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 136.8 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 148.8 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 136.8 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 148.8 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 160.8 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 172.8 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 160.8 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 172.8 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 184.8 R(The)5.296 E F1 -2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 184.8 R(The)5.295 E F1 +2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 196.8 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -208.8 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 196.8 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +208.8 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) @@ -7689,29 +7697,29 @@ to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 184.8 R(The)5.296 E F1 -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 (is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 232.8 Q F0 (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 249.6 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 261.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .469 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 261.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .469 (the return status is that of the last command e)144 273.6 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .469(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.469(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.469 E -F1 -.18(re)2.969 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .468(is used out-)2.969 F .466 -(side a function, b)144 285.6 R .466(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +F1 -.18(re)2.969 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .469(is used out-)2.969 F .467 +(side a function, b)144 285.6 R .467(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .467(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.967 E F0(\()5.467 E F1(sour) -A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.967(\)c)C .467(ommand, it causes the shell to)-2.967 F -.088(stop e)144 297.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087 +A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.966(\)c)C .466(ommand, it causes the shell to)-2.966 F +.087(stop e)144 297.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)2.947 E F0 .087 (or the e)2.827 F .087(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .087(cuted within).15 F .613(the script as the e)144 309.6 R .613 +-.15 G .088(cuted within).15 F .613(the script as the e)144 309.6 R .613 (xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.613 E F2(n)3.113 E F0 .613 (is supplied, the return v)3.113 F .613 -(alue is its least signi\214cant 8)-.25 F 2.511(bits. The)144 321.6 R -.011(return status is non-zero if)2.511 F F1 -.18(re)2.511 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .011(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.511 F .01 -(gument, or is used outside)-.18 F 2.909(af)144 333.6 S .409 -(unction and not during e)-2.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .41 +(alue is its least signi\214cant 8)-.25 F 2.51(bits. The)144 321.6 R .01 +(return status is non-zero if)2.51 F F1 -.18(re)2.511 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0 .011(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.511 F .011 +(gument, or is used outside)-.18 F 2.91(af)144 333.6 S .41 +(unction and not during e)-2.91 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .41 (cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.91 E F0(or)3.743 E F1(sour)2.91 E -(ce)-.18 E F0 5.41(.A)C .71 -.15(ny c)-5.41 H .41 +(ce)-.18 E F0 5.41(.A)C .71 -.15(ny c)-5.41 H .409 (ommand associated with the).15 F F1(RETURN)144 345.6 Q F0(trap is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution resumes after the function or script.).15 E F1(set)108 362.4 Q @@ -7719,104 +7727,104 @@ F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 386.4 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F -.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 386.4 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F +.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836 (ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 398.4 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 410.4 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.911(reset. In)144 410.4 R F2(posix)2.911 E F0 .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 422.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 434.4 R 1.623 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 422.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 434.4 R 1.624 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) 144 446.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 458.4 Q -F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 -(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 -(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 470.4 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) --.4 E F1144 482.4 Q F0 .132 +F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 +(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F +.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 470.4 Q +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 482.4 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 494.4 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 506.4 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 518.4 Q -F2 1.294(compound command)3.794 F F0(\(see)3.794 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -1.294(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.794 F F0(abo)3.544 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.793(\), e) -.15 F 1.293(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 +.088(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F +F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 518.4 Q +F2 1.293(compound command)3.793 F F0(\(see)3.793 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.293(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.793 F F0(abo)3.544 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.794(\), e) +.15 F 1.294(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08 (The shell does not e)184 530.4 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 542.4 Q -1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 --.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 554.4 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) --.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 566.4 R -F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) --3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 578.4 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 +.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 542.4 +Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) +4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 554.4 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) +-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 566.4 R +F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) +-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E +-.25(va)184 578.4 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 (non-zero status because a command f)184 590.4 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 602.4 R 2.677 -(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 614.4 R .617 +F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 602.4 R 2.678 +(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 +(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 614.4 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 626.4 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 626.4 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 638.4 +(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 638.4 Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 656.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 -E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 -668.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 -(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 -(body will be af)184 680.4 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F12.694 E +E F0 2.043(is being)4.543 F 1.436(ignored, none of the commands e)184 +668.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.435 +(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .193 +(body will be af)184 680.4 R .193(fected by the)-.25 F F12.693 E F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 -2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) +2.693 E F0 .194(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) -.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 692.4 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F13.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 704.4 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F +(where)184 704.4 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F (or the command containing the function call completes.)184 716.4 Q -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(64)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(64)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 96 Q F0 2.238 -(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239 -(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739 -(cution. 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This)-.1 +F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 108 Q (ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace)184 -120 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 138 Q F13.052 -E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -150 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +120 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 138 Q F13.053 +E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +150 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 162 Q F1 -144 174 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +144 174 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) --.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 186 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 198 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 210 R .38 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) --.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +-.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 186 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)184 198 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 210 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 (user \(group\) id, and the)184 222 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 234 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 234 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 246 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G -.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 246 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F (set to the real user and group ids.)184 258 Q F1144 270 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 -E F1144 282 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ +E F1144 282 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .043(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\ bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an) --.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 294 R 2.682 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 294 R 2.683 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 (able or parameter)184 306 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 @@ -7920,37 +7928,37 @@ bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an) -.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 342 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 (xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E -F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 354 R F1 +F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 354 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 (xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo) 3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 366 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 378 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 +144 378 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 390 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 402 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 390 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 402 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 414 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 414 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) .15 F(tor)184 426 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 438 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) --2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 450 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 462 Q F1 -144 474 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 486 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 498 Q F0 .959 +144 438 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on) +-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 450 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 462 Q F1 +144 474 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 486 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 498 Q F0 .96 (If set, the shell does not resolv)28.19 F 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 (that change the current w)184 510 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 522 R(def)2.685 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 522 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F (mands which change the current directory)184 534 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 @@ -7961,36 +7969,36 @@ E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 570 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 582 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 594 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 594 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -606 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 -(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 618 R -F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +606 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 +(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G +1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 618 R +F13.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 630 Q .425(The options are of)144 646.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 658.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 658.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 670.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 682.8 Q F1(shift)108 699.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 711.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 723.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(66)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 711.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 723.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(66)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8000,21 +8008,21 @@ BP /Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 (n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F1(n)2.92 E F0 .06 (is greater than)2.8 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he) --2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 96 R .144 -(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F1(n)3.004 E F0 .144 -(is greater than)2.884 F F2($#)2.644 E F0 +-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 96 R .144 +(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F1(n)3.003 E F0 .143 +(is greater than)2.883 F F2($#)2.643 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 108 Q F2(shopt)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(optname)-2.5 E -F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 136.8 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 136.8 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 148.8 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F22.874 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 148.8 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F22.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F22.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F2(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 160.8 R .826 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F23.326 E F0 .825 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F +F F22.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F2(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 160.8 R .825 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F23.325 E F0 .826 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F .945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 172.8 R(The)5.945 E F23.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) 3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 184.8 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 @@ -8022,186 +8030,186 @@ F23.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F1(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 208.8 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F1(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 220.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)24.74 F F1(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255 -(set or unset.)180 232.8 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F1(optname)2.755 E -F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F22.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 244.8 Q F1(optnames)2.5 E +tus indicates whether the)24.74 F F1(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256 +(set or unset.)180 232.8 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F1(optname)2.756 E +F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F22.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 244.8 Q F1(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F2144 256.8 Q F0 (Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F1(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 273.6 R F2 -3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F23.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 273.6 R F2 +3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F23.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F1(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F2(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 (set or unset, respecti)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F2(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 297.6 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -314.4 R F1(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.044 F .696 +314.4 R F1(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 326.4 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 +144 326.4 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 (alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 338.4 Q(The list of)144 355.2 Q F2(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(autocd)144 373.2 Q F0 .2 +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(autocd)144 373.2 Q F0 .199 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 385.2 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F2(cdable_v)144 397.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 409.2 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F2(cdable_v)144 397.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 409.2 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 421.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 433.2 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) -10.55 F F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 445.2 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 457.2 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +10.55 F F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 445.2 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 457.2 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 469.2 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F2(checkhash)144 481.2 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 493.2 R F2(bash) -4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F -2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 505.2 S(cute it.).15 E +.15 E F2(checkhash)144 481.2 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 493.2 R F2(bash)4.58 +E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 +(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 505.2 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 517.2 -Q F0 .449(If set,)184 529.2 R F2(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 541.2 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +Q F0 .448(If set,)184 529.2 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 541.2 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 (attempted without an interv)184 553.2 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 565.2 Q -.1(wa) +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 565.2 Q -.1(wa) -.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 577.2 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -589.2 R F2(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G -.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 601.2 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 577.2 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 +589.2 R F2(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G +.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G +.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 601.2 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(cmdhist) 144 613.2 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F2(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 625.2 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F2(compat31)144 637.2 -Q F0 .419(If set,)184 649.2 R F2(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha) -2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) -184 661.2 R F2([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E +Q F0 .42(If set,)184 649.2 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 +F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) +184 661.2 R F2([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F2(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 (using the)184 673.2 R F2([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F (s)-.55 E F2(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 (use ASCII collation and)184 685.2 R F1(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G -(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 697.2 Q F1(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 -(\(3\).).51 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(67) -187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G +(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 697.2 Q F1(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(67)190.395 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat32)144 84 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 96 R -F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to 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considered quoted.)184 240 -R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 +R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 (posix mode through v)184 252 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 (vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 264 Q F1(compat42)144 276 Q -F0 1.796(If set,)184 288 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +F0 1.797(If set,)184 288 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) 4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 300 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 312 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 312 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214le\ -names and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 336 R 1.524(If not 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appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 396 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 408 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 420 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 420 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -444 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 456 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 468 Q F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F -F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 +444 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 +456 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 468 Q F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F +F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 480 Q(xist.)-.15 E F1(dotglob)144 492 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 504 Q F0 1.386 -(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve 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set, beha)184 576 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 -588 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1 +588 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1 (declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 600 Q (gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 612 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 624 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 636 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 636 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 (exe)220 648 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 660 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 672 Q -F3 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F3 -.27(BA)3.403 G +F3 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F3 -.27(BA)3.404 G (SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions) 3.154 F(abo)220 684 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 696 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 @@ -8209,15 +8217,15 @@ F3 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F3 -.27(BA)3.403 G 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0 (and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(68)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(68)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.)184 84 Q F0 .804 -(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 96 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.)184 84 Q F0 .805 +(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 108 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 @@ -8229,61 +8237,61 @@ F .4(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15 (uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.) 184 156 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 -168 Q F0 1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +168 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 180 S(pansion error).15 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 192 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 204 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +.937(If set, the suf)184 204 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 -(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 (when performing w)184 216 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 228 R F3 -.447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) --.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 -240 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 252 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) -184 264 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 -(et e)-.1 F 2.518(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 276 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) -.15 G(eha)-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 228 R F3 +.448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 +240 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 252 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) +184 264 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 +(et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 276 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) +.15 G(eha)-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 (he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 (That is, the current locale')184 288 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 300 R F1(A) -3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 300 R F1(A) +3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 312 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 324 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)3.019 E F0 -.519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +F1(globstar)144 324 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)3.018 E F0 +.519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 336 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 348 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 360 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 372 Q F1(histappend)144 384 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -396 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +396 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 408 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 420 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 444 Q F1(histv)144 456 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +E F0 .576(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 444 Q F1(histv)144 456 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 (If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 480 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 492 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 480 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 492 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 504 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -528 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 540 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(hostcomplete)144 504 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +528 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F3(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 540 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 552 Q F0(If set,) 184 564 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) @@ -8293,62 +8301,62 @@ F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 540 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 (that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 600 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 612 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 624 Q F0 1.212 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 612 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 624 Q F0 1.211 (If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15 G 1.212(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not)-3.712 F -.15 (exe)184 636 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 648 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F -F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 648 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F +F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F (with embedded ne)184 660 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 (login_shell)144 672 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -684 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 696 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(69)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +684 R F3(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 696 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(69)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mailwar)144 84 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814 -(If set, and a \214le that)184 96 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mailwar)144 84 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 96 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F -.1(wa)184 108 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 120 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 120 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF --.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +-.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 144 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 156 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 180 S +(nocaseglob)144 156 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 180 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 192 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -204 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 192 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +204 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F(while e)184 216 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 228 Q F0 -.854(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) --3.355 E -.15(ex)184 252 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 264 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 +.855(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 252 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 264 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 (If set, the programmable completion f)184 276 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 288 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 300 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 312 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 324 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 312 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 324 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F3(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 336 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 348 +-.15 F F3(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 +E(This option is enabled by def)184 336 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 348 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) 184 360 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 372 Q 4.178 @@ -8356,44 +8364,44 @@ S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) 184 384 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 396 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 408 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +F1(shift_v)144 396 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 408 R F1 +(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 420 Q F1(sour) -144 432 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 444 R F1(sour)3.271 E -(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 456 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 468 Q F0(If set, the)184 480 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 -(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 520.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 532.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +144 432 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 444 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F +.771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 456 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 468 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 480 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 508.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 520.8 R F1 +2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 532.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 549.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 561.6 Q F2 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)6.77 F .878 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)6.77 F .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 573.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 -(primaries described abo)144 585.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E -F3(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 +(primaries described abo)144 585.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 +(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E (options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 597.6 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 615.6 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 627.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 615.6 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 627.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F (used when there are \214v)144 639.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G (ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 651.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E @@ -8404,7 +8412,7 @@ F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E (ex)144 687.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 699.6 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(70)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(70)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8423,10 +8431,10 @@ F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E E 2.5(2a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) 180 190.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -214.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +214.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 226.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E @@ -8436,27 +8444,27 @@ F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 262.8 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 274.8 R .578(xpression i\ +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 274.8 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 286.8 R(The)6.332 E F23.832 -E F0(and)3.832 E F23.832 E F0 1.333 +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 286.8 R(The)6.333 E F23.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F23.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 (three ar)180 298.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 -310.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) -3.021 F(ar)180 322.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 -E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +310.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 322.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E (wise, the e)180 334.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -346.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 358.8 R -.384(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 +346.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 358.8 R +.385(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 (posed of the remaining ar)180 370.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 382.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 394.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) -2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 406.8 R 1.635 @@ -8469,157 +8477,156 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 465.6 Q F2(trap)108 482.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(ar) -A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 -494.4 R F1(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203 -(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F1(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f) --5.703 E F1(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 +A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 +494.4 R F1(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202 +(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F1(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f) +-5.702 E F1(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608 (absent \(and there is a single)144 506.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 (\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F23.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 518.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +.659(\(the v)144 518.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) -144.34 530.4 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F23.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +144.34 530.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F23.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 542.4 R -F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 554.4 R F23.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 (signal. The)144 566.4 R F22.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 578.4 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 578.4 R F1(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E (names are case insensiti)144 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 608.4 R F1 -(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 620.4 Q -(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 -1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0 -(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 632.4 Q F1 -(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 644.4 R F3 .146 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 656.4 Q F2(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 -(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 668.4 Q F1(ar) -3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 608.4 R F1 +(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 +(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.648(If a)6.648 F F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 620.4 Q +(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F1(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.668 E F0 +(command,)3.668 E F1(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 632.4 Q F1 +(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 644.4 R F3 .145 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 656.4 Q F2(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 668.4 Q F1(ar) +3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F2(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 680.4 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .521(If a)144 698.4 R F1(sigspec)3.361 E F0(is) -3.331 E F3(ERR)3.021 E F4(,)A F0 .522(the command)2.771 F F1(ar)3.352 E +.644(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F2(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 680.4 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .522(If a)144 698.4 R F1(sigspec)3.362 E F0(is) +3.332 E F3(ERR)3.022 E F4(,)A F0 .522(the command)2.772 F F1(ar)3.352 E (g)-.37 E F0 .522(is e)3.242 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .522(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.022(raap).15 G .522(ipeline \(which may consist of a) +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.022(raap).15 G .521(ipeline \(which may consist of a) -3.022 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command re\ -turns a non\255zero e)144 710.4 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F -1.92(the follo)144 722.4 R 1.92(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.92 E F3 +turns a non\255zero e)144 710.4 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F +1.921(the follo)144 722.4 R 1.92(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.92 E F3 (ERR)4.42 E F0 1.92(trap is not e)4.17 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.92 (cuted if the f).15 F 1.92(ailed command is part of the)-.1 F -(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(71)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(71)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .464(command list immediately follo)144 84 R .464(wing a)-.25 F +-.35 E .463(command list immediately follo)144 84 R .463(wing a)-.25 F /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.964 E F0(or)2.964 E F1(until)2.964 E F0 -.1(ke)2.964 G(yw)-.05 E .464(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)2.973 E F0(statement,)4.923 E .711 -(part of a command e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .711(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.211 E F0(or)3.211 E F1(||)3.212 E F0 .712(list e)3.212 F .712 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .712(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.212 -E F0(or)3.212 E F1(||)3.212 E F0(,)A(an)144 108 Q 2.777(yc)-.15 G .276 -(ommand in a pipeline b)-2.777 F .276(ut the last, or if the command') +/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)2.974 E F0(statement,)4.924 E .712 +(part of a command e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .712(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.212 E F0(or)3.212 E F1(||)3.212 E F0 .712(list e)3.212 F .711 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .711(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.211 +E F0(or)3.211 E F1(||)3.211 E F0(,)A(an)144 108 Q 2.776(yc)-.15 G .276 +(ommand in a pipeline b)-2.776 F .276(ut the last, or if the command') -.2 F 2.776(sr)-.55 G .276(eturn v)-2.776 F .276(alue is being in)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.4 G .276(rted using).15 F F1(!)2.776 E F0(.)A +-.15(ve)-.4 G .277(rted using).15 F F1(!)2.777 E F0(.)A (These are the same conditions obe)144 120 Q(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err) 2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 138 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 (being ignored are reset to their original v)144 150 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) -.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 162 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 178.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 190.8 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) -3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F1144 202.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 190.8 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1144 202.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 214.8 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 214.8 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 226.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 238.8 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 250.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F13.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 262.8 R F2(name)2.612 -E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +250.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 +3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 +(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 262.8 R F2(name)2.613 +E F0 2.613(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 (type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F12.613 E F0(and)144 274.8 Q F1 -3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 +(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112 +(command is hashed,)-.001 F F12.612 E F0(and)144 274.8 Q F1 +3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) -5.23 F F1144 286.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type) -4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G -(his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the) -144 298.8 R F13.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F -.743(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223 -(commands is not consulted when using)144 310.8 R F13.723 E F0 -6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 1.223 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 -322.8 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326 E -F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) --.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F -(found.)144 334.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 351.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A -(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 363.6 -Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 -(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731 +(If the)5.231 F F1144 286.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1 +(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T) +.18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 298.8 R F1 +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 +(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 310.8 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) +144 322.8 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) +5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 334.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 351.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A +(Pro)144 363.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 +G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 411.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +.741(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 435.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F12.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F12.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 459.6 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 @@ -8636,8 +8643,8 @@ F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G (ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 579.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 591.6 Q F1144 603.6 Q F0 +24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 +591.6 Q F1144 603.6 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 144 615.6 Q F0 (The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1144 @@ -8654,21 +8661,21 @@ F1144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 (n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2 (limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 -768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(72)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(72)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .045(no option is gi)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11 -(Va)5.045 G .045(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044 -(xcept for)-.15 F F12.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F -.402(in seconds;)144 96 R F12.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.902 F F12.902 E F0(,) +-.35 E .044(no option is gi)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11 +(Va)5.045 G .045(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045 +(xcept for)-.15 F F12.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F +.403(in seconds;)144 96 R F12.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .402 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.903 F F12.902 E F0(,) A F12.902 E F0(,)A F12.902 E F0 2.902(,a)C(nd)-2.902 E F1 -2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .403(hich are unscaled)-2.903 F -.25(va)144 -108 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083 F +2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402(hich are unscaled)-2.902 F -.25(va)144 +108 S 3.082(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083 F -.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 120 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 @@ -8678,15 +8685,15 @@ R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ pted by)144 160.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -172.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +172.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 184.8 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 196.8 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 208.8 Q +(mode)144.38 196.8 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 208.8 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 (unalias)108 225.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 @@ -8697,64 +8704,64 @@ F(remo)144 249.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 266.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 278.4 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 -3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 278.4 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 +3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 290.4 Q F0 1.551 -(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 302.4 R F1 -4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 290.4 Q F0 1.55 +(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 302.4 R F1 +4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +F(remo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 (be unset rather than the v)144 326.4 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 338.4 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 -(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 +(options are supplied, each)144 338.4 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 +(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 (tion with that name is unset.)144 350.4 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G -1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G +1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 (passed to subsequent commands.)144 362.4 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 374.4 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 374.4 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 +F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) -.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 415.2 S .027(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ -ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.026 E F2(n)2.886 E F0 .026 -(may be a process ID)2.766 F .256 +(Wa)144 415.2 S .026(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ +ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.027 E F2(n)2.887 E F0 .027 +(may be a process ID)2.767 F .256 (or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 (ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E -F2(n)3.116 E F0 .318(is not gi)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .318 +F2(n)3.116 E F0 .317(is not gi)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .317 (n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 (hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 -(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .317(If the)5.317 F F1144 -451.2 Q F0 .361(option is supplied,)2.861 F F1(wait)2.861 E F0 -.1(wa) -2.861 G .361(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .362(xit status.)-.15 F(If) -5.362 E F2(n)3.222 E F0(speci\214es)3.102 E 2.596(an)144 463.2 S(on-e) --2.596 E .096(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F -.095(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .095(xit status)-.15 +(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .318(If the)5.318 F F1144 +451.2 Q F0 .362(option is supplied,)2.862 F F1(wait)2.862 E F0 -.1(wa) +2.862 G .362(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 +(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .361(xit status.)-.15 F(If) +5.361 E F2(n)3.221 E F0(speci\214es)3.101 E 2.595(an)144 463.2 S(on-e) +-2.595 E .095(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F +.096(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 F(of the last process or job w)144 475.2 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 492 Q F0(If)108 504 Q F1(bash) -4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 -4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.897 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 516 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E +4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 +4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.896 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 516 R .945 +(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 +(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E (beha)108 528 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E (wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 @@ -8765,10 +8772,10 @@ F4(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or) (pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 595.2 S(pecifying a \214lename containing a)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8373>108 612 S .449 +(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8373>108 612 S .45 (pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .449 -(gument to the)-.18 F F12.95 E F0 .45(option to the)2.95 F F1 -(hash)2.95 E F0 -.2(bu)2.95 G .45(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 624 Q 32.5 +(gument to the)-.18 F F12.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F1 +(hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 624 Q 32.5 <8369>108 640.8 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) -32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 657.6 S(arsing the v) -32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E @@ -8779,7 +8786,7 @@ ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5 108 708 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F1 2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q -(2013 September 2)138.455 E(73)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(2013 October 20)141.235 E(73)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8794,8 +8801,8 @@ E 32.5<8374>108 117.6 S(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 134.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 (When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 151.2 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.566 -(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1 +(xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.567 +(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1 (rbash)108 163.2 Q F0(turns of)2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H (estrictions in the shell spa).15 E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cute the script.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 180 Q/F4 10 @@ -8828,20 +8835,20 @@ E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 376.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 489.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 506.4 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 518.4 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 -E F3 -.11(BU)72 535.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 +E F3 -.11(BU)72 535.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 (If you \214nd a b)108 547.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F -3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 559.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 -F F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 -(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 +3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 +F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 559.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 +F F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 +(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 (ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 571.2 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 -E F0(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 588 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 -(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) --.15 F F4(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F -.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 600 R .895 -.15 -(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F -.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F +E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 588 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 +(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F F4(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 +(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 600 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) +-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 +(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F (be mailed to)108 612 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 (or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) -.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 628.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) @@ -8854,7 +8861,7 @@ G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F4(bashb)108.27 710.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 727.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2)138.455 E(74)187.615 E 0 Cg +.25 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 E(74)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -8862,26 +8869,26 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 84 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 96 Q -2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 112.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F/F2 +2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 +(There are some subtle dif)108 112.8 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 -(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869 -(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 124.8 Q F0 +(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 +(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 124.8 Q F0 (speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 141.6 Q (Shell b)108 158.4 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 175.2 R .389 +re not handled gracefully when)108 175.2 R .39 (process suspension is attempted.)108 187.2 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 199.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ -ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 211.2 Q(Array v)108 228 Q -(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 +(mand in the sequence.)108 199.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 211.2 Q(Array v)108 +228 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E (There may be only one acti)108 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 September 2) -138.455 E(75)187.615 E 0 Cg EP +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.3)72 768 Q(2013 October 20)141.235 +E(75)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index a6d2c7274..d2b3ba08f 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -155,11 +155,11 @@ @xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 4.3} @xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin} @xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1} -@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{58} -@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{58} +@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{59} +@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{59} @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin} @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2} -@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{62} +@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{63} @xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins} @xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4} @xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{68} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 40d46c3c8..069b2ae02 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ \entry{test}{45}{\code {test}} \entry{[}{45}{\code {[}} \entry{times}{46}{\code {times}} -\entry{trap}{46}{\code {trap}} +\entry{trap}{47}{\code {trap}} \entry{umask}{47}{\code {umask}} \entry{unset}{48}{\code {unset}} \entry{alias}{48}{\code {alias}} \entry{bind}{48}{\code {bind}} \entry{builtin}{49}{\code {builtin}} -\entry{caller}{49}{\code {caller}} +\entry{caller}{50}{\code {caller}} \entry{command}{50}{\code {command}} \entry{declare}{50}{\code {declare}} \entry{echo}{52}{\code {echo}} @@ -30,18 +30,18 @@ \entry{help}{53}{\code {help}} \entry{let}{53}{\code {let}} \entry{local}{53}{\code {local}} -\entry{logout}{53}{\code {logout}} -\entry{mapfile}{53}{\code {mapfile}} +\entry{logout}{54}{\code {logout}} +\entry{mapfile}{54}{\code {mapfile}} \entry{printf}{54}{\code {printf}} \entry{read}{55}{\code {read}} \entry{readarray}{56}{\code {readarray}} -\entry{source}{56}{\code {source}} -\entry{type}{56}{\code {type}} +\entry{source}{57}{\code {source}} +\entry{type}{57}{\code {type}} \entry{typeset}{57}{\code {typeset}} \entry{ulimit}{57}{\code {ulimit}} \entry{unalias}{58}{\code {unalias}} -\entry{set}{58}{\code {set}} -\entry{shopt}{62}{\code {shopt}} +\entry{set}{59}{\code {set}} +\entry{shopt}{63}{\code {shopt}} \entry{dirs}{91}{\code {dirs}} \entry{popd}{91}{\code {popd}} \entry{pushd}{92}{\code {pushd}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index f33f8156c..5c182f5b5 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ \entry {\code {break}}{41} \entry {\code {builtin}}{49} \initial {C} -\entry {\code {caller}}{49} +\entry {\code {caller}}{50} \entry {\code {cd}}{42} \entry {\code {command}}{50} \entry {\code {compgen}}{127} @@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ \initial {L} \entry {\code {let}}{53} \entry {\code {local}}{53} -\entry {\code {logout}}{53} +\entry {\code {logout}}{54} \initial {M} -\entry {\code {mapfile}}{53} +\entry {\code {mapfile}}{54} \initial {P} \entry {\code {popd}}{91} \entry {\code {printf}}{54} @@ -60,16 +60,16 @@ \entry {\code {readonly}}{44} \entry {\code {return}}{45} \initial {S} -\entry {\code {set}}{58} +\entry {\code {set}}{59} \entry {\code {shift}}{45} -\entry {\code {shopt}}{62} -\entry {\code {source}}{56} +\entry {\code {shopt}}{63} +\entry {\code {source}}{57} \entry {\code {suspend}}{100} \initial {T} \entry {\code {test}}{45} \entry {\code {times}}{46} -\entry {\code {trap}}{46} -\entry {\code {type}}{56} +\entry {\code {trap}}{47} +\entry {\code {type}}{57} \entry {\code {typeset}}{57} \initial {U} \entry {\code {ulimit}}{57} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index a0094423f..71e01d72a 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 09cedcf53..228094dfd 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - +