From: Chet Ramey Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2019 13:15:15 +0000 (-0400) Subject: commit bash-20190712 snapshot X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=e2169ae94eb2914839505bb33152a5850461b358;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20190712 snapshot --- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 9eaa35d50..4f6f6bbeb 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -6228,3 +6228,55 @@ builtins/bind.def - bind_builtin: make sure return_code is >= 0 before returning it. Fixes bug with bind -x and invalid key sequences reported by bashbug@jonkmans.nl + + 7/8 + --- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - unset: fixed up list of special variables that lose their special + properties if they are unset. Report and fix from Edward Huff + + + 7/9 + --- +test.c + - unary_test: update the `-N' test to use timespecs and nanosecond + granularity if available, and use mtime > atime instead of the + old mtime >= atime. Fixes bug reported by kfm@plushkava.net + +lib/sh/strtod.c + - strtod: make sure to use locale_decpoint() to determine the radix + character + + 7/11 + ---- +lib/sh/utf8.c + - utf8_mblen: return -2 if the UTF-8 sequence is incomplete + - utf8_mblen: 4-byte UTF-8 characters start with a byte < 0xf4 + + 7/12 + ---- +parse.y,shell.h + - sh_input_line_state_t: if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE is defined, add members + for saving shell_input_line_property and its associated size; let + save_line_state and restore_line_state manage it. This means + restore_line_state no longer calls set_line_mbstate. From a report + from astian + +parse.y + - set_line_mbstate: if the current locale is not multibyte, just set + everything in the property array to 1 + - set_line_mbstate: use locale_utf8locale to optimize away calls to + mbrlen; just use utf8_mblen + + 7/14 + ---- +variables.c + - sv_tz: remake the export env if TZ is being unset. Fixes bug + reported by Travis Everett + +lib/readline/display.c + - rl_expand_prompt: if the prompt contains embedded newlines, compute + local_prompt_prefix before local_prompt because each call sets + local_prompt_newlines, and we want the values computed in the call + that uses local_prompt to be the ones that we use. Fixes prompt + wrapping bug reported by Tianon Gravi diff --git a/builtins/evalstring.c b/builtins/evalstring.c index e438f4640..2f13a66ae 100644 --- a/builtins/evalstring.c +++ b/builtins/evalstring.c @@ -138,7 +138,6 @@ optimize_subshell_command (command) ((command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE) == 0) && ((command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) == 0)) { -itrace("optimize_subshell_command: setting CMD_NO_FOR for simple command"); command->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index a31c5bb9d..53cc19f72 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -846,37 +846,39 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command executing at the time of the - trap. + trap. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD is unset, it loses its special proper- + ties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN__SSTTRRIINNGG The command argument to the --cc invocation option. BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO - An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source - files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. + An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source + files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}) where $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or - $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- tion). Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number. BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH - A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks - for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the eennaabbllee com- + A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks + for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the eennaabbllee com- mand. BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH - An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary - operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index - 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular - expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the + An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary + operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index + 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular + expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. This vari- able is read-only. BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE - An array variable whose members are the source filenames where - the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array - variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is - defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from + An array variable whose members are the source filenames where + the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array + variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is + defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL - Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment - when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- - tial value is 0. + Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment + when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- + tial value is 0. If BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL is unset, it loses its spe- + cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array @@ -2593,99 +2595,100 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following - expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. + expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the + following order. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - in a separate execution environment with the original command and the - original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit - status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is + in a separate execution environment with the original command and the + original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit + status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta- tus of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2693,251 +2696,251 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins - return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally invalid options or missing arguments. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive - interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the - other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command - line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an - error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- - _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the + other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command + line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- + _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer - to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the + to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre- - vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- + vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- tion) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. - When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, - and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes - state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, + and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes + state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- minates before returning. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it - reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as - described above before tracing each command when the --xx option is - enabled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by insert- - ing a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it + reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as + described above before tracing each command when the --xx option is + enabled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by insert- + ing a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} - the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is - inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results + the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is + inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) @@ -2947,7 +2950,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -2956,8 +2959,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated - with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- + \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated + with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- able) \\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde @@ -2966,68 +2969,68 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY - below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of - commands executed during the current shell session. After the string - is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of - the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command - under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY + below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of + commands executed during the current shell session. After the string + is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of + the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command + under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if escaped portions of the string appear within command substi- tution or contain characters special to word expansion. RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of - the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is - _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are - set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline - initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a - ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- + set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline + initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a + ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -3035,18 +3038,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -3058,15 +3061,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -3074,7 +3077,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -3085,7 +3088,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -3095,20 +3098,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -3119,77 +3122,77 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e or using the bbiinndd builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. bblliinnkk--mmaattcchhiinngg--ppaarreenn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted. ccoolloorreedd--ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the + If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ- - ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of + ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. ccoolloorreedd--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- - ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- - tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment + If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- + ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- + tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--ddiissppllaayy--wwiiddtthh ((--11)) - The number of screen columns used to display possible matches - when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less - than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 - will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default + The number of screen columns used to display possible matches + when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less + than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 + will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default value is -1. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--mmaapp--ccaassee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline - treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- + If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline + treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is - asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are + asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the - _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to _O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters. ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- ated from the keyboard. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) @@ -3197,208 +3200,208 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eemmaaccss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((@@)) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a - key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes - and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 - escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, - which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes + and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 + escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, + which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string. eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way + When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char- - acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- - vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- + acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- + vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- mands. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- - pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the + pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((uunnsseett)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history - list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, - the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the - number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a + the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the + number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE + shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it - will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name - mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, - but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit + mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, + but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit characters. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. kkeeyysseeqq--ttiimmeeoouutt ((550000)) - Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when - reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete + Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when + reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional - input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is - received within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but - complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, - so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for - additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than - or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait - until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to + input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is + received within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but + complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, + so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for + additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than + or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait + until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to complete. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is _O_f_f, but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit characters. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--mmooddee--iinn--pprroommpptt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- - cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. + If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- + cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_o_d_e_-_s_t_r_i_n_g). sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when - inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when - performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, - readline does not insert characters from the completion that - match characters after point in the word being completed, so + If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when + inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when + performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, + readline does not insert characters from the completion that + match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated. vvii--ccmmdd--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((ccmmdd)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt - when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value + when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vvii--iinnss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((iinnss)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator, - extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no + extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for - instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for + instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against both the full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. vveerrssiioonn - The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons - against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands - to the current readline version. The set of comparison - operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. - The version number supplied on the right side of the - operator consists of a major version number, an optional + The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons + against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands + to the current readline version. The set of comparison + operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. + The version number supplied on the right side of the + operator consists of a major version number, an optional decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 77..11). - If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. + If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. The operator may be separated from the string vveerrssiioonn and from the version number argument by whitespace. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- specific settings. Each program using the readline - library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash @@ -3408,12 +3411,12 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e The _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e construct provides simple equality tests for - readline variables and values. The permitted comparison - operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be + readline variables and values. The permitted comparison + operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the - operator may be separated from the value on the right - hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- - ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested + operator may be separated from the value on the right + hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- + ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested against the values _o_n and _o_f_f. $$eennddiiff This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $$iiff @@ -3423,51 +3426,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -3483,29 +3486,29 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. pprreevviioouuss--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the - previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired - effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than - one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired + effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than + one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. nneexxtt--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect - if the current Readline line does not take up more than one - physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is + if the current Readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) - Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the - screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the + screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -3513,70 +3516,70 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the current cursor + between the start of the current line and the current cursor position (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters + Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search - string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non- + string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non- incremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or - the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive - calls determines the direction to move through the history. A - negative argument switches the direction through the history + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. @@ -3585,80 +3588,80 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. A - numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. A + numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to use instead of the current line. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xx CC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the - result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt _e_n_d_-_o_f_-_f_i_l_e ((uussuuaallllyy CC--dd)) - The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by - ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac- - ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, + The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by + ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac- + ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns EEOOFF. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the same character as the tty EEOOFF character, as CC--dd commonly is, see above for the effects. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) - Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -3667,31 +3670,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -3700,65 +3703,65 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- - lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the - numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, - if this command is immediately followed by a character that is - neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, + if this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n - moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative - argument may be used to move backward through the list. This - command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by + moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative + argument may be used to move backward through the list. This + command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd - Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list - of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -3767,67 +3770,67 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. pprriinntt--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo (()) - Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for + Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--lloowweerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--AA,, MM--BB,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The behavior is undefined if _x is already lowercase. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) @@ -3835,199 +3838,199 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern - is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern + is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible completions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, - replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, + replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- mable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined - with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no - default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as - a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no + default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as + a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word from any successful expansion. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are - being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, - and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are + being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, + and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com- pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- - ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- betic characters. Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the --PP and --SS options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -4038,162 +4041,162 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value - less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history - file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- + SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value + less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol- lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend- - ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with - history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the - history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled - (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the - lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is + ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with + history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the + history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled + (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the + lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is - unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable - is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the - history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- - sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- + unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable + is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the + history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- + sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTT-- - FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric + FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into account. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which - line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is - to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. - The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of - that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- - able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words - in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- + line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is + to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. + The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of + that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- + able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words + in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- _t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His- - tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan- - sion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single - quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history - expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre- + tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan- + sion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single + quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history + expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre- cedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^^ The first argument. That is, word 1. - $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will + $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head. @@ -4202,80 +4205,80 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt/[[ builtins do not accept options - and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- - ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning - with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but - are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning - with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- + and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- + ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning + with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but + are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning + with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- tion. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. The return status is zero. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- - cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, - filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, + filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is - enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any - DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to - ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If - --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is + enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any + DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to + ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If + --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose - _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX] @@ -4284,29 +4287,29 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e - is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e + is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- _d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -4318,181 +4321,181 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is - entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- - lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the current location of the insertion point. If the executed - command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the + command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the - associated commands in a format that can be reused as + --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the + associated commands in a format that can be reused as input. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are - exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]] [-@]] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, - the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, + the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- tional arguments following _d_i_r are ignored. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH - defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative - directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, + defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative + directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not - used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory - structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and + used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory + structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links - to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances + to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is processed by removing - the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a - slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied - with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- - fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will - return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the - --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a - file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD + the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a + slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied + with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- + fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will + return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the + --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a + file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc- - tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, + tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of - the new working directory is written to the standard output. - The return value is true if the directory was successfully + the new working directory is written to the standard output. + The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or filename + option causes a single word indicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program- mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple- - tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, + tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEEII] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that other sup- - plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com- - mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for - which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option - indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply - to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted - on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied - options and actions should apply to completion on the initial - non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter - such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. If - multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence + plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com- + mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for + which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option + indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply + to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted + on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied + options and actions should apply to completion on the initial + non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter + such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. If + multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence over --EE, and both take precedence over --II. If any of --DD, --EE, or - --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored; these + --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case specified by the option. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- mmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words - if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the + nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words + if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default). - nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible + nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible completions alphabetically. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -4500,7 +4503,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -4509,17 +4512,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -4528,194 +4531,194 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When the function is executed, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose - arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When the function is executed, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose + arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) - is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. When it finishes, the possible - completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- + is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. When it finishes, the possible + completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- PPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain - shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. - The possible completions are the members of the resul- + shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. + The possible completions are the members of the resul- tant list which match the word being completed. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other - supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; - that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option + supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion - on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- - mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name + on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- + mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used - with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, - are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it - will display the attributes and values of all variables having + with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, + are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it + will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other - options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the - attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option - will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option - inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function - name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option - is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number + options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the + attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option + will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option + inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function + name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option + is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option - implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or + implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a - shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- + shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- ing options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. - --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name - reference to another variable. That other variable is - defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- - ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those - using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed - on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref + --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name + reference to another variable. That other variable is + defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- + ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those + using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed + on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with - the exceptions that ++aa and ++AA may not be used to destroy array - variables and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + the exceptions that ++aa and ++AA may not be used to destroy array + variables and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as - with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a - variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable - is set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assign- - ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do - not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value + with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a + variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable + is set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assign- + ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do + not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to - assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to - assign a value to an array variable without using the compound - assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a - valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- - only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn + assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to + assign a value to an array variable without using the compound + assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a + valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- + only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes - entries from the list. The current directory is always the + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + entries from the list. The current directory is always the first directory in the stack. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default + --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... | _p_i_d ... ] - Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active - jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr - option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option - is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is - marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell - receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option - means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- - _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return + Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active + jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr + option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option + is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is + marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell + receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option + means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- + _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. - The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option - is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped - characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- - tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are - interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used - to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these - escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to - mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape + is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped + characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- + tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are + interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used + to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these + escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to + mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4728,190 +4731,190 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the - file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if - eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take - effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if + eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take + effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported - variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported + variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one - of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- + of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t - from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes - them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate - the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an - index into the history list, where a negative number is used as - an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not + The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t + from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes + them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate + the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an + index into the history list, where a negative number is used as + an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that - ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- + ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous com- mand for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as - _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', - so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as + _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', + so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4929,53 +4932,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count - back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d - Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and - _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t + Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and + _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4984,210 +4987,210 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was - successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are - restored to their original values when the function returns. - With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the - standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are + restored to their original values when the function returns. + With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the + standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a - function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly + function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no - argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had - been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no + argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had + been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behavior. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two - directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two + directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the - new current working directory as if it had been supplied + new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument to the ccdd builtin. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split - into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split + into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char- - acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, + acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -5195,31 +5198,31 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty - string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was - not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- line's default filename completion. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -5227,131 +5230,131 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd - returns immediately, without trying to read any data. - The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- - fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd + returns immediately, without trying to read any data. + The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- + fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is + able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater - than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a + than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup- plied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If - no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If + no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If - rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to - determine the status is the last command executed before the - trap handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - last command used to determine the status is the last command - executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If - rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a - script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop - executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of - the last command executed within the script as the exit status - of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least - significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is - supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function - and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- - mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If + rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to + determine the status is the last command executed before the + trap handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + last command used to determine the status is the last command + executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If + rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a + script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop + executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of + the last command executed within the script as the exit status + of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least + significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is + supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function + and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- + mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- tion resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status. - The shell does not exit if the command that fails is - part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee - or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or - eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a - &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& + The shell does not exit if the command that fails is + part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee + or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or + eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a + &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a - compound command other than a subshell returns a non- - zero status because a command failed while --ee was being - ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if - set, is executed before the shell exits. This option + command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a + compound command other than a subshell returns a non- + zero status because a command failed while --ee was being + ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if + set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -5359,10 +5362,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -5376,8 +5379,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -5392,457 +5395,457 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set; if _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output - is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other + is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee - If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of - associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- - sion evaluation, while executing builtins that can per- - form variable assignments, and while executing builtins + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of + associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- + sion evaluation, while executing builtins that can per- + form variable assignments, and while executing builtins that perform array dereferencing. - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the - values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by default. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows - easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is - enabled by default, but only has an effect if command + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows + easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is + enabled by default, but only has an effect if command history is enabled, as described above under HHIISSTTOORRYY. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar- - ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> - operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII + ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> + operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur- rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a - command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue - with the next command in the list after one terminates + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue + with the next command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt. ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- - rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later - interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- - rupt; previous versions continue with the next command + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- + rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later + interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- + rupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, treats a single quote - in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special - character. The single quotes must match (an even num- - ber) and the characters between the single quotes are - considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode - through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains + If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, treats a single quote + in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special + character. The single quotes must match (an even num- + ber) and the characters between the single quotes are + considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode + through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. ccoommppaatt4422 - If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in - the pattern substitution word expansion using quote + If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in + the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. ccoommppaatt4433 - If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an - attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- - ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion - errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command - to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal + If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an + attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- + ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion + errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command + to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset - the loop state when a shell function is executed (this - allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect + the loop state when a shell function is executed (this + allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect loops in the caller's context). ccoommppaatt4444 - If set, bbaasshh saves the positional parameters to + If set, bbaasshh saves the positional parameters to BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC before they are used, regardless of whether or not extended debugging mode is enabled. ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that - expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that + expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. - This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- - fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. + This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- + fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' - and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, + If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell - starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set + starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating - sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- - late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case + sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- + late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooccaallvvaarr__iinnhheerriitt If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous - scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref + scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref attribute is not inherited. llooccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett - If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous - function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find - them unset until that function returns. This is identi- - cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the + If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous + function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find + them unset until that function returns. This is identi- + cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the current function scope. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. ppoossiixxgglloobb If set, bbaasshh makes words containing unquoted backslashes after expansion eligible for pathname expansion, even if - they don't contain any other unquoted pattern charac- - ters. This option is enabled by default, and is enabled + they don't contain any other unquoted pattern charac- + ters. This option is enabled by default, and is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn above) are enabled. This option is enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp__aalliiaass - If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh - treats a command name that doesn't have any completions - as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it - has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion - using the command word resulting from the expanded + If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh + treats a command name that doesn't have any completions + as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it + has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion + using the command word resulting from the expanded alias. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5859,120 +5862,120 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using - !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar- - ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is - used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable + ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is + used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is - not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell + not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -5981,12 +5984,12 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -5995,78 +5998,80 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte - blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte + blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu- ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each - unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- - DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each + unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, + BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00, BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS, BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD, BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL, BBAASSHHPPIIDD, + CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- + NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- only. wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running - background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running + background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if its process id is the same as $$!!, and the return status is zero. - If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job to + If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job to terminate and returns its exit status. Supplying the --ff option, - when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- + when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it - changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, - the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the + changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, + the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -6075,16 +6080,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -6093,10 +6098,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -6106,14 +6111,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE -- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/ http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode @@ -6131,7 +6136,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -6145,14 +6150,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -6163,7 +6168,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -6180,10 +6185,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -6192,4 +6197,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.0 2019 June 21 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.0 2019 July 8 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index fc243aceb..588433e90 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Fri Jun 21 10:26:44 EDT 2019 +.\" Last Change: Mon Jul 8 15:14:50 EDT 2019 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2019 June 21" "GNU Bash 5.0" +.TH BASH 1 "2019 July 8" "GNU Bash 5.0" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -1563,6 +1563,10 @@ subsequently reset. The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. +If +.B BASH_COMMAND +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset. .TP .B BASH_EXECUTION_STRING The command argument to the \fB\-c\fP invocation option. @@ -1613,6 +1617,10 @@ The shell function Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when the shell begins executing in that environment. The initial value is 0. +If +.B BASH_SUBSHELL +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset. .TP .B BASH_VERSINFO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information for @@ -10762,22 +10770,40 @@ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment passed to subsequent commands. If any of .SM -.BR COMP_WORDBREAKS , +.BR BASH_ALIASES , .SM -.BR RANDOM , +.BR BASH_ARGV0 , .SM -.BR SECONDS , +.BR BASH_CMDS , .SM -.BR LINENO , +.BR BASH_COMMAND , .SM -.BR HISTCMD , +.BR BASH_SUBSHELL , +.SM +.BR BASHPID , +.SM +.BR COMP_WORDBREAKS , +.SM +.BR DIRSTACK , +.SM +.BR EPOCHREALTIME , +.SM +.BR EPOCHSECONDS , .SM .BR FUNCNAME , .SM .BR GROUPS , +.SM +.BR HISTCMD , +.SM +.BR LINENO , +.SM +.BR RANDOM , +.SM +.BR SECONDS , or .SM -.B DIRSTACK +.B SRANDOM are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a .I name diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 662602740..07b02ec04 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2019 June 21BASH(1) +BASH(1)2019 July 8BASH(1)

Index @@ -2010,6 +2010,11 @@ subsequently reset. The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. +If +BASH_COMMAND + +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset.
BASH_EXECUTION_STRING
@@ -2070,6 +2075,11 @@ The shell function Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when the shell begins executing in that environment. The initial value is 0. +If +BASH_SUBSHELL + +is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is +subsequently reset.
BASH_VERSINFO
@@ -5993,7 +6003,8 @@ above).

SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION

When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following -expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. +expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in +the following order.
1.
The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those @@ -13636,19 +13647,34 @@ unset. Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment passed to subsequent commands. If any of -COMP_WORDBREAKS, +BASH_ALIASES, -RANDOM, +BASH_ARGV0, -SECONDS, +BASH_CMDS, -LINENO, +BASH_COMMAND, -HISTCMD, +BASH_SUBSHELL, + + +BASHPID, + + +COMP_WORDBREAKS, + + +DIRSTACK, + + +EPOCHREALTIME, + + +EPOCHSECONDS, FUNCNAME, @@ -13656,9 +13682,21 @@ If any of GROUPS, + +HISTCMD, + + +LINENO, + + +RANDOM, + + +SECONDS, + or -DIRSTACK +SRANDOM are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are @@ -13980,7 +14018,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 5.02019 June 21BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.02019 July 8BASH(1)
@@ -14086,6 +14124,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 21 June 2019 10:27:46 EDT +Time: 08 July 2019 15:16:27 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 871dd9141..6c172fb06 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 21 June 2019). +Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 July 2019). - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 21 June 2019, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 July 2019, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 21 June 2019). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 July 2019). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 21 June 2019, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 July 2019, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -2520,7 +2520,8 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Simple Command Expansion, Next: Command Search and Exec ------------------------------ When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following -expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. +expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the +following order. 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later @@ -3320,8 +3321,10 @@ standard. references. '-n' has no effect if the '-f' option is supplied. If no options are supplied, each NAME refers to a variable; if there is no variable by that name, any function with that name is unset. - Readonly variables and functions may not be unset. The return - status is zero unless a NAME is readonly. + Readonly variables and functions may not be unset. Some shell + variables lose their special behavior if they are unset; such + behavior is noted in the description of the individual variables. + The return status is zero unless a NAME is readonly.  File: bash.info, Node: Bash Builtins, Next: Modifying Shell Behavior, Prev: Bourne Shell Builtins, Up: Shell Builtin Commands @@ -4914,7 +4917,9 @@ Variables::). 'BASH_COMMAND' The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, in - which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. + which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. If + 'BASH_COMMAND' is unset, it loses its special properties, even if + it is subsequently reset. 'BASH_COMPAT' The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. *Note @@ -4970,7 +4975,8 @@ Variables::). 'BASH_SUBSHELL' Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when the shell begins executing in that environment. The initial - value is 0. + value is 0. If 'BASH_SUBSHELL' is unset, it loses its special + properties, even if it is subsequently reset. 'BASH_VERSINFO' A readonly array variable (*note Arrays::) whose members hold @@ -5331,7 +5337,8 @@ Variables::). 'LINENO' The line number in the script or shell function currently - executing. + executing. If 'LINENO' is unset, it loses its special properties, + even if it is subsequently reset. 'LINES' Used by the 'select' command to determine the column length for @@ -5418,7 +5425,8 @@ Variables::). 'RANDOM' Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to a random integer between 0 and 32767. Assigning a value to this variable - seeds the random number generator. + seeds the random number generator. If 'RANDOM' is unset, it loses + its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. 'READLINE_LINE' The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use with 'bind -x' @@ -5435,7 +5443,8 @@ Variables::). This variable expands to the number of seconds since the shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value becomes the value assigned plus - the number of seconds since the assignment. + the number of seconds since the assignment. If 'SECONDS' is unset, + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. 'SHELL' This environment variable expands to the full pathname to the @@ -11181,17 +11190,17 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 66) * BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 74) * BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 83) -* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 88) -* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 103) -* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 109) -* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 112) -* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 120) -* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 124) -* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 132) -* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 139) -* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 144) -* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 167) -* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 170) +* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 90) +* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 105) +* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 111) +* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 114) +* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 122) +* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 126) +* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 134) +* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 141) +* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 147) +* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 170) +* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 173) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 38) * bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11200,12 +11209,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 50) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) -* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 181) +* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 184) * colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 55) * colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 62) -* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 188) +* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 191) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 68) * completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11218,91 +11227,91 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 91) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 98) -* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 240) -* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 194) -* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 223) -* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 200) -* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 205) -* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 213) -* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 227) -* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 233) +* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 243) +* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 197) +* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 226) +* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 203) +* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 208) +* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 216) +* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 230) +* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 236) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 108) -* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 246) -* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 250) +* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 249) +* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 253) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 116) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 121) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 126) -* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 260) +* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 263) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 132) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 142) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 150) -* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 265) -* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 269) -* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 277) -* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 284) -* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 288) +* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 268) +* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 272) +* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 280) +* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 287) +* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 291) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 161) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 301) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 305) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 311) -* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 328) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 333) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 340) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 346) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 361) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 366) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 382) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 386) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 397) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 304) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 308) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 314) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 331) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 336) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 343) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 349) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 364) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 369) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 385) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 389) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 400) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 165) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 171) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 417) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 424) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 420) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 427) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 180) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 432) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 443) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 446) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 435) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 446) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 449) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 449) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 452) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 459) -* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 463) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 462) +* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 466) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 195) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 202) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 469) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 473) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 477) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 484) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 472) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 476) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 480) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 487) * LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 489) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 493) -* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 497) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 501) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 505) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 511) +* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 492) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 496) +* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 500) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 504) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 509) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 515) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 515) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 519) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) -* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 523) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 527) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 232) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11313,42 +11322,42 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 249) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 527) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 531) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 530) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 534) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 534) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 538) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 254) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 260) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 537) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 542) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 552) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 556) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 560) -* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 566) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 541) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 546) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 556) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 560) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 564) +* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 570) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 571) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 576) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 584) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 587) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 592) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 596) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 600) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 575) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 580) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 588) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 591) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 597) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 601) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 605) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 270) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 603) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 609) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 614) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 623) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 608) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 615) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 620) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 629) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 276) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11357,13 +11366,13 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 291) * skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 297) -* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 628) +* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 634) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 637) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 675) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 687) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 691) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 643) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 681) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 693) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 697) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 310) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11734,134 +11743,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top889 -Node: Introduction2801 -Node: What is Bash?3017 -Node: What is a shell?4131 -Node: Definitions6669 -Node: Basic Shell Features9620 -Node: Shell Syntax10839 -Node: Shell Operation11865 -Node: Quoting13158 -Node: Escape Character14458 -Node: Single Quotes14943 -Node: Double Quotes15291 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16569 -Node: Locale Translation17828 -Node: Comments18724 -Node: Shell Commands19342 -Node: Simple Commands20214 -Node: Pipelines20845 -Node: Lists23777 -Node: Compound Commands25568 -Node: Looping Constructs26580 -Node: Conditional Constructs29075 -Node: Command Grouping40243 -Node: Coprocesses41722 -Node: GNU Parallel43625 -Node: Shell Functions47683 -Node: Shell Parameters54766 -Node: Positional Parameters59179 -Node: Special Parameters60079 -Node: Shell Expansions63833 -Node: Brace Expansion65956 -Node: Tilde Expansion68679 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion71296 -Node: Command Substitution85729 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion87084 -Node: Process Substitution88016 -Node: Word Splitting89136 -Node: Filename Expansion91080 -Node: Pattern Matching93717 -Node: Quote Removal97703 -Node: Redirections97998 -Node: Executing Commands107556 -Node: Simple Command Expansion108226 -Node: Command Search and Execution110156 -Node: Command Execution Environment112532 -Node: Environment115516 -Node: Exit Status117175 -Node: Signals118845 -Node: Shell Scripts120812 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands123327 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins125365 -Node: Bash Builtins146115 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior175040 -Node: The Set Builtin175385 -Node: The Shopt Builtin185798 -Node: Special Builtins203776 -Node: Shell Variables204755 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables205192 -Node: Bash Variables207296 -Node: Bash Features238243 -Node: Invoking Bash239142 -Node: Bash Startup Files245155 -Node: Interactive Shells250258 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?250668 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?251317 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior252132 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions255619 -Node: Shell Arithmetic260196 -Node: Aliases263136 -Node: Arrays265756 -Node: The Directory Stack271121 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins271905 -Node: Controlling the Prompt274873 -Node: The Restricted Shell277794 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode280276 -Node: Job Control291403 -Node: Job Control Basics291863 -Node: Job Control Builtins296827 -Node: Job Control Variables301645 -Node: Command Line Editing302801 -Node: Introduction and Notation304472 -Node: Readline Interaction306095 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials307286 -Node: Readline Movement Commands309069 -Node: Readline Killing Commands310029 -Node: Readline Arguments311947 -Node: Searching312991 -Node: Readline Init File315177 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax316436 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs336875 -Node: Sample Init File341071 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands344188 -Node: Commands For Moving345392 -Node: Commands For History347251 -Node: Commands For Text351546 -Node: Commands For Killing354934 -Node: Numeric Arguments357749 -Node: Commands For Completion358888 -Node: Keyboard Macros363079 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands363766 -Node: Readline vi Mode369719 -Node: Programmable Completion370626 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins378406 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example389101 -Node: Using History Interactively394348 -Node: Bash History Facilities395032 -Node: Bash History Builtins398037 -Node: History Interaction402568 -Node: Event Designators406188 -Node: Word Designators407407 -Node: Modifiers409044 -Node: Installing Bash410446 -Node: Basic Installation411583 -Node: Compilers and Options414841 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures415582 -Node: Installation Names417275 -Node: Specifying the System Type418093 -Node: Sharing Defaults418809 -Node: Operation Controls419482 -Node: Optional Features420440 -Node: Reporting Bugs430958 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell432152 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License449004 -Node: Indexes474181 -Node: Builtin Index474635 -Node: Reserved Word Index481462 -Node: Variable Index483910 -Node: Function Index499734 -Node: Concept Index513173 +Node: Top887 +Node: Introduction2797 +Node: What is Bash?3013 +Node: What is a shell?4127 +Node: Definitions6665 +Node: Basic Shell Features9616 +Node: Shell Syntax10835 +Node: Shell Operation11861 +Node: Quoting13154 +Node: Escape Character14454 +Node: Single Quotes14939 +Node: Double Quotes15287 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16565 +Node: Locale Translation17824 +Node: Comments18720 +Node: Shell Commands19338 +Node: Simple Commands20210 +Node: Pipelines20841 +Node: Lists23773 +Node: Compound Commands25564 +Node: Looping Constructs26576 +Node: Conditional Constructs29071 +Node: Command Grouping40239 +Node: Coprocesses41718 +Node: GNU Parallel43621 +Node: Shell Functions47679 +Node: Shell Parameters54762 +Node: Positional Parameters59175 +Node: Special Parameters60075 +Node: Shell Expansions63829 +Node: Brace Expansion65952 +Node: Tilde Expansion68675 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion71292 +Node: Command Substitution85725 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion87080 +Node: Process Substitution88012 +Node: Word Splitting89132 +Node: Filename Expansion91076 +Node: Pattern Matching93713 +Node: Quote Removal97699 +Node: Redirections97994 +Node: Executing Commands107552 +Node: Simple Command Expansion108222 +Node: Command Search and Execution110176 +Node: Command Execution Environment112552 +Node: Environment115536 +Node: Exit Status117195 +Node: Signals118865 +Node: Shell Scripts120832 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands123347 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins125385 +Node: Bash Builtins146284 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior175209 +Node: The Set Builtin175554 +Node: The Shopt Builtin185967 +Node: Special Builtins203945 +Node: Shell Variables204924 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables205361 +Node: Bash Variables207465 +Node: Bash Features238906 +Node: Invoking Bash239805 +Node: Bash Startup Files245818 +Node: Interactive Shells250921 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?251331 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?251980 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior252795 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions256282 +Node: Shell Arithmetic260859 +Node: Aliases263799 +Node: Arrays266419 +Node: The Directory Stack271784 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins272568 +Node: Controlling the Prompt275536 +Node: The Restricted Shell278457 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode280939 +Node: Job Control292066 +Node: Job Control Basics292526 +Node: Job Control Builtins297490 +Node: Job Control Variables302308 +Node: Command Line Editing303464 +Node: Introduction and Notation305135 +Node: Readline Interaction306758 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials307949 +Node: Readline Movement Commands309732 +Node: Readline Killing Commands310692 +Node: Readline Arguments312610 +Node: Searching313654 +Node: Readline Init File315840 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax317099 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs337538 +Node: Sample Init File341734 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands344851 +Node: Commands For Moving346055 +Node: Commands For History347914 +Node: Commands For Text352209 +Node: Commands For Killing355597 +Node: Numeric Arguments358412 +Node: Commands For Completion359551 +Node: Keyboard Macros363742 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands364429 +Node: Readline vi Mode370382 +Node: Programmable Completion371289 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins379069 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example389764 +Node: Using History Interactively395011 +Node: Bash History Facilities395695 +Node: Bash History Builtins398700 +Node: History Interaction403231 +Node: Event Designators406851 +Node: Word Designators408070 +Node: Modifiers409707 +Node: Installing Bash411109 +Node: Basic Installation412246 +Node: Compilers and Options415504 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures416245 +Node: Installation Names417938 +Node: Specifying the System Type418756 +Node: Sharing Defaults419472 +Node: Operation Controls420145 +Node: Optional Features421103 +Node: Reporting Bugs431621 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell432815 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License449667 +Node: Indexes474844 +Node: Builtin Index475298 +Node: Reserved Word Index482125 +Node: Variable Index484573 +Node: Function Index500397 +Node: Concept Index513836  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index d8f179913..bee8cf0eb 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 74213af52..85c4ee018 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Fri Jun 21 10:27:32 2019 +%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 8 15:16:14 2019 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 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If) -144 546 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +144 570 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 558 Q F1(COMP_W)108 570 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .654(An array v)144 582 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 582 Q F1(COMP_W)108 594 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .654(An array v)144 606 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) --.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 594 R +-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 618 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 (COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 -606 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 +630 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 (db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) -144 618 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 630 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -144 642 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +144 642 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 654 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) +144 666 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 654 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 666 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 678 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 678 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 690 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 702 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 690 R 3.594 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 714 R 3.594 (ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 -(members of this array v)144 702 R 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 726 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 714 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 --.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 726 R -5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(12) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(12) +200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(it is subsequently reset.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHREAL)108 -96 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) -144 108 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 -F(\(see)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.917 E F0 .417 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(pushd)144 84 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246 +(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746 +(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 F(ariable)-.25 E .351 +(will not change the current directory)144 96 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 108 Q F1(EPOCHREAL)108 +120 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) +144 132 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 +F(\(see)144 144 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.917 E F0 .417 (\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 (alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 -(ssignments to)-5.416 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 132 -Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E -(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s) --3.591 E(subsequently reset.)144 144 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 156 Q F0 .338 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 168 R .337 +(ssignments to)-5.416 F F2(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 156 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F2(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s)-3.591 E +(subsequently reset.)144 168 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 180 Q F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 192 R .337 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -180 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3 -(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 +204 Q F3(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F2 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F2 (EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(loses its special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(EUID)108 204 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 204 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 +(EUID)108 228 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 228 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 216 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 228 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 240 R .479 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 240 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 252 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 264 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 -(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 +(The element with inde)144 276 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 (he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 264 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 288 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 (ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 -(tion is e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E +(tion is e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.576 E F2(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F2(FUNCN)2.575 E (AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F -(special properties, e)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +(special properties, e)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 -306 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) +330 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 342 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 -(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 330 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G -2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 354 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 -(at line number)144 342 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 +(at line number)144 366 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F3($i)A F1 (]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G 1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 -(An array v)144 378 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ +(this information.)144 378 Q F1(GR)108 390 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 +(An array v)144 402 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E -.572(ments to)144 390 R F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 +.572(ments to)144 414 R F2(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +-.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F2 (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s)-3.071 E -(subsequently reset.)144 402 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 414 Q F0 .355 -(The history number)144 426 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) +(subsequently reset.)144 426 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 438 Q F0 .355 +(The history number)144 450 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) -2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 -(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 +(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F2 (HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(loses its special properties, e)144 462 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 450 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 462 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 486 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 -.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 498 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 510 Q F0 1.408(Each\ +(HOSTN)108 474 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 486 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 498 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 510 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 +.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 522 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 534 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ -ber representing the)144 522 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 534 R .078 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 546 R .306 +ber representing the)144 546 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 558 R .078 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 570 R .306 (alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E -F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F -(special properties, e)144 558 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 570 Q +F2(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +(special properties, e)144 582 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 594 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 582 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2 +es the system type on which)144 606 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 618 Q F3 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 606 Q F0 .293 -(An array v)144 618 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 630 Q F0 .293 +(An array v)144 642 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 (belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 (xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 630 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 642 Q F0(The pre)144 654 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 654 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 666 Q F0(The pre)144 678 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 666 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 678 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 690 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 702 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 -(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 690 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 702 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 714 R 4.151 -(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 726 -S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(13)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 714 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(13) +200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(OSTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes\ - the operating system on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) -2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 108 Q -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 120 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) -.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 132 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) +SF(OPTIND)108 84 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 96 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft) +-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652 +(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 +G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.152 E -.09 +(BU)144 108 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E +F1(OSTYPE)108 120 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describe\ +s the operating system on which)144 132 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) +2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 144 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 156 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 168 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) 3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 (xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(the most-recently-e)144 180 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 156 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 156 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(PPID)108 192 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 192 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 168 Q F0(The current w)144 168 Q +F1(PWD)108 204 Q F0(The current w)144 204 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 180 Q F0 1.741(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) -144 192 R 1.741(xpands to a random inte)-.15 F 1.74 -(ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F .424(Assigning a v)144 204 R .424 -(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.924 E F0 .425 +(RANDOM)108 216 Q F0 1.741(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) +144 228 R 1.741(xpands to a random inte)-.15 F 1.74 +(ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F .424(Assigning a v)144 240 R .424 +(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.924 E F0 .425 (initializes \(seeds\) the sequence of random numbers.)2.674 F(If)5.425 E F2(RANDOM)2.925 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 -216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) --2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 228 Q F0 1.547 -(The contents of the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547 +252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) +-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 264 Q F0 1.547 +(The contents of the)144 276 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547 (line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with) -4.047 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 -1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 252 Q -F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_POINT)108 264 Q F0 .313 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 276 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 288 Q +F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_POINT)108 300 Q F0 .313 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 312 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G .313(or use with)-2.813 F F3 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 -(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 300 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 312 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 +(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 324 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 336 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 348 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 324 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ -ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 348 R .712 +-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 360 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ +ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 384 R .712 (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 (alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .408 -(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .408 +(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 396 R .408 (alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 372 Q -.15(ve) +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 408 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 384 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 396 S +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 420 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 432 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 408 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 444 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 (SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E -3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 420 R F2 +3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 456 R F2 (SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 432 Q F1(bash) +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 468 Q F1(bash) 3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 -F(This v)144 444 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 456 Q -(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 468 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(SRANDOM)108 480 Q F0 .76(This v)144 -492 R .76(ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number\ +F(This v)144 480 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 492 Q +(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 504 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(SRANDOM)108 516 Q F0 .76(This v)144 +528 R .76(ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number\ each time it is referenced. The random)-.15 F .565 -(number generator is not linear on systems that support)144 504 R F3 +(number generator is not linear on systems that support)144 540 R F3 (/dev/urandom)3.064 E F0(or)3.064 E F5(ar)3.064 E(c4r)-.37 E(andom)-.15 E F0 3.064(,s)C 3.064(oe)-3.064 G(ach)-3.064 E .788 (returned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.)144 -516 R .788(The random number generator)5.788 F .088 -(cannot be seeded, so assignments to this v)144 528 R .087(ariable ha) +552 R .788(The random number generator)5.788 F .088 +(cannot be seeded, so assignments to this v)144 564 R .087(ariable ha) -.25 F .387 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.587(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.587 G 2.587 (ect. If).25 F F2(SRANDOM)2.587 E F0 .087(is unset, it loses its)2.337 F -(special properties, e)144 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(UID)108 552 Q -F0(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 552 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +(special properties, e)144 576 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(UID)108 588 Q +F0(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 588 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 568.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 604.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 (bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 580.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 597.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.193(The v)144 609.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 616.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 633.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 +1.193(The v)144 645.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 (l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 --.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 621.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E +-.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 657.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 (for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 633.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 669.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.861 G .361 (lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 (ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 -(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 645.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 681.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) -144 657.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +144 693.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 669.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) +4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 705.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) -.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 (ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 -(sets the compatibility le)144 681.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G +(sets the compatibility le)144 717.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G 3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 -(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 693.6 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076 -(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 705.6 Q F1 -(compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 -(alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(14) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E 2.901 +(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 729.6 R F1 +(shopt)5.402 E F0 -.2(bu)5.402 G 2.902(iltin described belo).2 F 5.402 +(w\()-.25 G(for)-5.402 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(14) +200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506(If this parameter is set when)144 -96 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e)3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505 -(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 108 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355 -(he v)-5.355 F .355(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.855 G -(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected)2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 120 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S +(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)3.432 E F0 .931 +(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)3.432 F .931(alid v)-.25 F 3.431 +(alues\). The)-.25 F .931(current v)3.431 F .931(ersion is also a v)-.15 +F(alid)-.25 E -.25(va)144 96 S(lue.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 108 S(SH_ENV).3 +E F0 .505(If this parameter is set when)144 120 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 +.505(is e)3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F +.506(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 132 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354 +(he v)-5.354 F .354(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.854 G +(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected)2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 144 R .525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 132 Q F3 +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 156 Q F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 144 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 156 R -.48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 -F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 168 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) -5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) --.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 -180 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 -F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G +108 168 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 180 R +.481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F +(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 192 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x)5.614 +F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G +3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 204 S +(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F +2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -192 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 204 S -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le des\ -criptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F -(standard error being closed.)144 216 Q F1(CDP)108 228 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G -(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 240 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 -3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 252 R F1 -(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 -(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 264 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 276 Q F0 -.997(Set the number of e)144 288 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 F .997 +216 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA)144 228 +S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le de\ +scriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F +(standard error being closed.)144 240 Q F1(CDP)108 252 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G +(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 264 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 +3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 276 R F1 +(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 +(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 288 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 300 Q F0 +.997(Set the number of e)144 312 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 F .997 (alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 -(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.497 E -.25(va)144 300 -S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 -(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.078 -(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 312 Q +(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.498 E -.25(va)144 324 +S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 +(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.077 +(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 336 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E -F1(COLUMNS)108 324 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 336 R F1(select)3.329 E F0 -.828(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ -ection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 348 R 2.006(set if the) -4.506 F F1(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 360 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 372 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848(An array v) -144 384 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 +F1(COLUMNS)108 348 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 360 R F1(select)3.328 E F0 +.829(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ +ection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 372 R 2.007(set if the) +4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 384 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 396 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847(An array v) +144 408 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F -(in)144 396 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G +(in)144 420 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F1 (Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 (w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -408 Q F1(EMA)108 420 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 432 Q F1(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 -(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.535 E -F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 444 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 456 Q F0(Similar to) -144 456 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 +432 Q F1(EMA)108 444 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 456 Q F1(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 +(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.536 E +F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F +(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 468 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 480 Q F0(Similar to) +144 480 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -(n)-2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(EXECIGNORE)108 468 Q F0 2.716 -(Ac)144 480 S .216(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.716 F +(n)-2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(EXECIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 2.717 +(Ac)144 504 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 -.1(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717 -(\)d)C .217(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .117 -(ignored by command search using)144 492 R F1 -.74(PA)2.617 G(TH)-.21 E -F0 5.117(.F)C .116 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.117 F 1.432 -(are not considered e)144 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 +(\)d)C .216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 +(ignored by command search using)144 516 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E +F0 5.116(.F)C .117 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 +(are not considered e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.433(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 516 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.909(lookup. 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A)-.25 F .205 -(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 -(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 624 Q 2.5(As)5 +(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 636 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 +(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 648 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F4(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 -636 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v)144 648 R .231 +660 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 672 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. Function).15 F(in)2.731 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E -(cations that e)144 660 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. 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If)144 720 R 2.948<618c>2.948 G .448 +(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.948 F .447 +(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(15)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(HISTCONTR)108 84 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.654(Ac)144 96 S .153 -(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(GLOBIGNORE)144 84 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)108 96 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 108 S .153 +(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 -G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .153(If the list) -5.153 F .49(of v)144 108 R .49(alues includes)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.99 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49 -(ines which be)-2.99 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .491 -(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.991(di).15 G 2.991(nt) --2.991 G .491(he his-)-2.991 F .558(tory list.)144 120 R 3.058(Av)5.558 -G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F2(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.925 -(Av)144 132 S .425(alue of)-3.175 F F2(ignor)2.935 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.426(is shorthand for)3.205 F F2(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.926 E F2(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .426 -(lue of).25 F F2(er)3.116 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.196 E .699 -(all pre)144 144 R .698 +G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) +5.153 F .491(of v)144 120 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 +(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F3(space)2.991 E F0 .49 +(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 +G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 132 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 +(alue of)-3.307 F F4(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 +(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.926 +(Av)144 144 S .426(alue of)-3.176 F F4(ignor)2.936 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.426(is shorthand for)3.206 F F4(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.926 E F4(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.501 G +.425(lue of).25 F F4(er)3.115 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.195 E .698 +(all pre)144 156 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .698(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.763(d. 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If).2 F .672(this v) +3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 540 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 540 Q -F1(HOME)108 552 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 564 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 576 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 588 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 600 R F2 +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 552 Q +F3(HOME)108 564 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 576 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F3(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 588 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F3 +(HOSTFILE)108 600 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 612 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 612 R .551 +.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 624 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 624 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 636 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 648 R F1(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 -(attempts to read)3.018 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 660 -Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F1(IFS)108 672 Q F0(The)144 672 Q F2 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 -(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 -(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 -F -.1(wo)144 684 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 636 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F3(bash)144 648 Q F0 .138 +(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 660 R F3(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 +(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 672 +Q(When)5 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) +2.25 E F3(IFS)108 684 Q F0(The)144 684 Q F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +F -.1(wo)144 696 S(rds with the).1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 696 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 708 R .803 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) -144 720 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 -(EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 July 8)151.505 E(16)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .303 -(on an input line before)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.802 E F0 --.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e) --.25 F .302(xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n) --.2 H .302(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 96 Q -(alue, the def)-.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 -E(xist,)-.15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 E F0 -(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1(INPUTRC)108 108 Q -F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 120 R F1 -.18(re)3.936 G(adline).18 -E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436 -(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c)-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F2(READLINE)3.936 E F0 -(belo)144 132 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(INSIDE_EMA)108 144 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .887 -(If this v)144 156 R .887(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .886 -(vironment when the shell starts,)-.4 F F1(bash)3.386 E F0 .886 -(assumes that it is running)3.386 F(inside an Emacs shell b)144 168 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(IGNOREEOF)108 84 Q F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 96 +R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503(character as the sole input.)2.753 +F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v)144 108 R .426 +(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(EOF)3.076 E F0 +.426(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F +.302(on an input line before)144 120 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 +G 2.802(its. 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Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 276 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 288 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 264 R 1.465 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 -276 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 288 Q F0 -1.935(This v)144 300 R 1.936 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 300 R 1.464 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 +312 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 324 Q F0 +1.936(This v)144 336 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 312 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 324 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 336 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 348 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 360 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 372 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 348 Q F0(This v)144 360 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 372 Q F0(This v) -144 384 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 396 Q F0 -.055(Used by the)144 396 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 -(Automatically set if the)144 408 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 -(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F2(SIGWINCH)144 420 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 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name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 -(MAILP)144 552 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) +(MAILP)144 588 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 564 Q F0 .015 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 600 Q F0 .015 (can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ -ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 576 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 588 Q F0 .39 -(If set to the v)144 600 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 --.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 612 R -(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 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in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 648 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 660 S -.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 672 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F(administrator who installs)144 684 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C -(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 696 Q -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(17)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 684 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 696 S +.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 708 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 720 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C +(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(17)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(POSIXL)108 84 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 96 R .471 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 E -F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 -(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 108 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 -(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 120 Q F1(bash) -4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F2 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C -4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F/F3 10 -/Courier@0 SF 1.997(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(When the shell enters)144 132 Q F2 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C 2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E -(ariable if it w)-.25 E(as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 144 Q -(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0(If set, the v)144 156 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1 -(PR)108 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 180 R .676 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 84 Q +F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIXL)108 96 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472 +(If this v)144 108 R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471 +(vironment when)-.4 F F2(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters) +2.971 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471 +(before reading)2.971 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 120 R F2 +(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011 +(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 132 Q F2(bash) +4.498 E F0(enables)4.498 E F3 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C +4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F1 1.997 +(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.997(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +.15 E(When the shell enters)144 144 Q F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C +2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E +(as not already set.)-.1 E F2(PR)108 156 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 168 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F2(PR) +108 180 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 192 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 192 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 -E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) +(nents to retain when e)144 204 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F2(\\w)3.423 +E F0(and)3.423 E F2(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) 3.423 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E -(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 216 Q F0 1.174(The v) -144 216 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) +(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F2(PS0)108 228 Q F0 1.174(The v) +144 228 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) -.15 F F4(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 228 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 240 Q F0 .064(The v)144 240 R +(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 240 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PS1)108 252 Q F0 .065(The v)144 252 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F4(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 252 R -(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 264 Q F0 .118(The v)144 264 R .118 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 276 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 288 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 288 R 1.115 -(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F4 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 300 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 312 Q F0 -.101(The v)144 312 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 324 Q F0 .334 -(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 264 R +(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F2(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(PS2)108 276 Q F0 .117(The v)144 276 R .117 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) +5.118 E(def)144 288 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F2(PS3)108 300 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 300 R 1.115 +(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F2(select) +3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F4 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) +144 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(PS4)108 324 Q F0 .1 +(The v)144 324 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F2(bash)144 336 Q F0 .335 +(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 -(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F -(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 336 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 +(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)2.584 F +(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 348 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E -(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 -(SHELL)108 348 Q F0 .543(This v)144 360 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543 -(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542 -(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.042 E F0 -(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 372 Q 2.5(sl) --.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 384 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v) -144 396 R .826 +(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2 +(SHELL)108 360 Q F0 .542(This v)144 372 R .542(ariable e)-.25 F .542 +(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .543 +(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F2(bash)3.043 E F0 +(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 384 Q 2.5(sl) +-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F2(TIMEFORMA)108 396 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v) +144 408 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 408 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 -(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 420 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 432 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 450 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 450 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 462 Q F2(p)A F1 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 462 Q F1(%[)144 474 Q F2(p) -A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 474 Q -F1(%[)144 486 Q F2(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 486 Q F1(%P)144 498 -Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 498 Q .87 -(The optional)144 514.8 R F2(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F2(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 526.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 538.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F2 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F2(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 550.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 567.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 420 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F2(time)3.148 E F0 +(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.649 E F2(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 432 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F +(and their meanings are as follo)144 444 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F2(%%)144 462 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)194 462 S(iteral)-2.5 E F2(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(%[)144 474 Q F3(p)A F2 +(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 474 Q F2(%[)144 486 Q F3(p) +A F2(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 486 Q +F2(%[)144 498 Q F3(p)A F2(][l]S)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 498 Q F2(%P)144 510 +Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 510 Q .87 +(The optional)144 526.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 538.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 550.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 562.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 579.6 R F2(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F2(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 579.6 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 -(If this v)144 596.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) -144 608.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 591.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 +(If this v)144 608.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr) +144 620.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -620.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E -(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 -632.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 644.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +632.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F2(TMOUT)108 +644.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 656.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F4(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 -(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 656.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F4(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F -.886(ing from a terminal.)144 668.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 -(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 680.4 -S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 +(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 668.4 Q F2(select)2.811 E F0 .311 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F4(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F +.885(ing from a terminal.)144 680.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 692.4 +S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F2 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 -F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 692.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 704.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 716.4 -R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 728.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(18)197.335 E 0 -Cg EP +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 704.4 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(18) +200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(auto_r)108 84 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 96 R .53 -(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 108 R -.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .366(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F -1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -132 R(The)6.125 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 144 Q 1.132 +SF(TMPDIR)108 84 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 96 R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 +(uses its v)2.89 F .39(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F +F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F +(shell')144 108 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 120 Q(esume) +-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 132 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031 +(wt)-.25 G .531(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 +F .53(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 144 +R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidat\ +es for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 156 S .367(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F +1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +168 R(The)6.125 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 +(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 180 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 156 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 168 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 180 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 -.834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 192 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 +F F2(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 204 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 216 Q F1(%?)3.333 E F0 +.833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) 3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an) -3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833 -(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 192 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 216 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 228 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) +3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834 +(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 228 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.815 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(histchars)108 252 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 264 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) -4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 240 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G -1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 252 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 276 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F2 1.215 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G +1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +144 288 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 (second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 264 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 276 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 -(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 300 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 312 R .575(The def)5.575 +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 288 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 300 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 312 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 324 Q F1(Arrays)87 340.8 Q(Bash) -108 352.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 364.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 376.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 388.8 R +char)144 324 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 336 R 1.293 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 +(skipped for the remaining w)144 348 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 +(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 360 Q F1(Arrays)87 376.8 Q(Bash) +108 388.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 400.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.328(an array)108 412.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 +(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 424.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -400.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +436.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 417.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 429.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A -F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F2(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 -E -.15(ex)108 441.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E -4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.979 -(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 453.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 453.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F2(name)4.963 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 465.6 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A +F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F2(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 +E -.15(ex)108 477.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 +E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.98 +(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 489.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2 -(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 470.4 Q .3 -.15 +(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 506.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 487.2 Q .94 +G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 523.2 Q .941 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E -(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 499.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 516 R +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) +-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 535.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 552 R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F2(value)108 528 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F2 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F2(value)108 564 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F2 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 -(When assigning to inde)108 540 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 +(When assigning to inde)108 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 552 R 3.91 -(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) --3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) --3.911 F(Inde)108 564 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E -(When assigning to an associati)108 580.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 -E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 597.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 +(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 588 R +3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 600 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 616.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 633.6 R F1(declar) +2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 -609.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +645.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) -4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 621.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 633.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 657.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 669.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 -G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 645.6 Q(An)108 662.4 Q -3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.576 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 -(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 674.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q +3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 +(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 710.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 -(These subscripts dif)108 686.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 698.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B -.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 -(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.375(of the)108 710.4 R F3(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 -(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 -722.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(19)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 722.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E +(19)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .759(within a w) -108 84 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 -(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 96 -R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of t\ -he original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 F -.228(to the e)108 108 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see) -2.728 E F1 .228(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.727(\). ${#).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F2 -(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 120 S .886(pands to the length of ${) -.15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript) -3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386 -(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295 -(ments in the array)108 132 R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he) --2.795 E F2(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295 -(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.794 -(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294(luates to a number) -.25 F .628(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 144 R .928 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.128 F 3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129 -(,s)-.65 G 3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(indices count back from the end of the array)108 156 Q 2.5(,a) --.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B .521(xpands to a single w) +-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F +1.374(of the)108 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 +(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 +(there are no array members, ${)108 108 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 120 R .759(ord, the e) +-.1 F .759(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 +F .759(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e) +108 132 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last p\ +art of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous) +3.015 F .227(to the e)108 144 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters) +-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F3(@)2.728 E F0 +(\(see)2.728 E F3 .228(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 +(]})A -.15(ex)108 156 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A +F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 +E F3(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F3(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 +F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 +168 R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E +F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 +(luates to a number).25 F .629 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 180 R .929 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G +3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 192 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G +(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -172.8 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +208.8 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 184.8 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 -E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 201.6 +108 220.8 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F3(bash)2.5 E +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 237.6 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 218.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1 -(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 230.4 S .75 -(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 254.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F3(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F3 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 266.4 S .749 +(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -242.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 259.2 Q F1(unset) -2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 -G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A +278.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 295.2 Q F3(unset) +2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +G(rrays.)-2.767 E F3(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 271.2 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475 -(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) --3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 307.2 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474 +(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) +-3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614 -(described abo)108 283.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.615 E F2 -(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 295.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 -E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 -(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 -(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 312 R .848 +G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 +(described abo)108 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F3(unset)5.614 E F1 +(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 331.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F3(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1 +(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 +(or)2.5 E F3(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .847(When using a v)108 348 R .848 (ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C -(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 324 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F3(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C +(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 360 R .345(ord e)-.1 F .345 (xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345 -(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 336 Q +(he ar)-2.845 F .344(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.844 E(name e)108 372 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 352.8 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0 -3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G -1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F13.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 -(rray and a)-3.573 F F13.573 E F0 .338 -(option to specify an associati)108 364.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +(The)108 388.8 Q F3(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(local)3.573 E F0 +3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F3 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G +1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F33.573 E F0 1.073 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 +(rray and a)-3.574 F F33.574 E F0 .339 +(option to specify an associati)108 400.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) --2.838 F F12.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 -(accepts a)108 376.8 R F12.941 E F0 .441 +-2.838 F F32.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) +5.338 E F3 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 +(accepts a)108 412.8 R F32.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 388.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E -(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 405.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 417.6 R 3.26 +-5.441 E F3(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F3(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 424.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 441.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 453.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) -2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e) -2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 441.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .418(The order of e)108 458.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 -(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S -.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 482.4 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 499.2 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 511.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 465.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 +(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) +2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 477.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) +2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 +E .419(The order of e)108 494.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 +(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 506.4 S +.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 518.4 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 535.2 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 547.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .003(After these e)108 528 R .003 +-.15 E .002(After these e)108 564 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 -(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 540 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 556.8 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19 +-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 +(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 576 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 592.8 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F --.15(ex)108 568.8 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 -F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 580.8 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.744 -("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 -(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.745 E F2 -(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 592.8 S -(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 609.6 -Q F2(Br)108.58 621.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F +-.15(ex)108 604.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 +F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 616.8 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F3($@)A F0 3.745 +("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F3(${)A F1(name)A F3([@]})A F0 1.245 +(", and, in most cases,)B F3($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F3(${)3.744 E F1 +(name)A F3([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F2 -.666(PA)108 628.8 S(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87 645.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 657.6 +Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 633.6 Q F2 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 669.6 Q F1 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 645.6 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 681.6 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 657.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 693.6 R +.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 669.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 681.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 698.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 -(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 710.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) -108 727.2 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 -(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A -F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y) -3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(20)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +ch resulting string, e)108 705.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(20)200.665 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(and)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .719(Brace e)108 +84 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e) +5.719 F .719(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 +F(preserv)108 96 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF({)A F0(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C +(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As)108 112.8 S .742(equence e) +-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A +F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F2(y)3.243 E F0 +.743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and) +108 124.8 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532 (ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532 (hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -96 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 108 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 -E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ -to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 120 R 6.143 -(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F(xpression) --.15 E -.15(ex)108 132 S 1.064(pands to each character le).15 F 1.064 -(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F1(y)3.564 E -F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G 1.064 -(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 144 R F1(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F1(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +136.8 R F2(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 148.8 R .015(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 160.8 R +6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 172.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F2(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 156 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 -172.8 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 184.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) -5.016 E F0 .015(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 196.8 Q +-.25 E(between each term.)108 196.8 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 +213.6 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 225.6 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 237.6 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 213.6 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 254.4 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 225.6 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 237.6 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 278.4 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 249.6 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 290.4 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 261.6 Q -(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F2(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 302.4 Q +(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ -gs to be generated is)108 278.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 290.4 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 -307.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 319.2 Q(cho)144 -331.2 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 -E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 348 R .618 +gs to be generated is)108 319.2 R(longer than in the abo)108 331.2 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 348 +Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 360 Q(cho)144 372 Q +(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 388.8 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 360 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 372 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 400.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 412.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 -(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 384 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 -(If strict compatibility with)108 396 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 -(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 408 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) -2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 -E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 424.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 436.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F -1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087 -('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ - \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 448.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 460.8 R .726 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 472.8 Q .523 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 424.8 Q F0 .515 +(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +(If strict compatibility with)108 436.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 448.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) +87 465.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 477.6 R 1.087(ord be) +-.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ +ed a)108 489.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ +\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 501.6 R +.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 513.6 Q +.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 484.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 525.6 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 496.8 Q .093 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 513.6 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 537.6 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 554.4 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 525.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 566.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 537.6 R F1(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -549.6 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 561.6 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +590.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 602.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 573.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 590.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 614.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 607.2 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 648 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) --.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 619.2 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 -(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 -631.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 648 R .023 -(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F -.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 660 Q .77 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 -.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F --.15(ex)108 672 S(cept for the).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 -(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F1 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 688.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 -1.605(The `)108 700.8 R F2($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 712.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 724.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(21)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 672 +Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 +(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E +.024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 688.8 R .024(xpansion on w)-.15 F +.023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F .023 +(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 700.8 Q .769 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 +.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +-.15(ex)108 712.8 S(cept for the).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 +(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F2 +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(21) +200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of the name.)108 -84 Q 1.19 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 96 R F1($)A +F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 108 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 120 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 132 +Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 124.8 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 153.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)4.014 E +148.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +160.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 172.8 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.204(The v)144 201.6 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F +F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 213.6 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 177.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 189.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 225.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 237.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E +(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 254.4 R F2(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G -(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907 -(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 +2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G +(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 266.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906 +(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 (uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 (xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F2(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 -(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F2(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 230.4 Q -F0 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F -.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 -(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 242.4 Q F2(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 -(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 -(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 254.4 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 -F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 -(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 -(name of the parameter referenced by)108 266.4 R F2(par)4.01 E(ameter) +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F2(par)2.907 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 278.4 Q +F0 2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .078 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 290.4 Q F2(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 +(his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 302.4 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 +F 2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(name of the parameter referenced by)108 314.4 R F2(par)4.01 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 278.4 R .387 +(xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 326.4 R .387 (xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 -290.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) --2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 307.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor) +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +.387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 +338.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) +-2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 355.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor) 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 319.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089 -(When not performing substring e)108 336 R 1.089 +F(and arithmetic e)108 367.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +(When not performing substring e)108 384 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 -(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 348 Q(Omitting\ - the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${) -108 364.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 -.723(Use Default V)144 376.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2 -(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) -3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 388.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 -(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 400.8 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004 -(Assign Default V)144 412.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2 -(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F -2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 -(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 424.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 -G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 +(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 396 Q(Omittin\ +g the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 412.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 424.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 +E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F +.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 436.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 448.8 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 +(Assign Default V)144 460.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2 +(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F +2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 +(is assigned to)5.274 F F2(par)144 472.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 +G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 436.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 448.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F1 .535(Display Err)144 460.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 484.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 496.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F1 .535(Display Err)144 508.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 472.8 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 520.8 R +.661(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(interacti)144 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 496.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 508.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 544.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 556.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F (alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 520.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 532.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 544.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 568.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 580.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 592.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 556.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 +144 604.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 -(character speci\214ed by)144 568.8 R F2(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 -(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 +(character speci\214ed by)144 616.8 R F2(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 +(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F1(*) -3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 580.8 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F1(*) +3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 628.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 -(substring of the v)144 592.8 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F -F2(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) --.15 F .847(end of the v)144 604.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 +(substring of the v)144 640.8 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F +F2(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) +-.15 F .846(end of the v)144 652.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 (and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 616.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 640.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 664.8 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 688.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 652.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.045(end of the v)144 700.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 664.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 676.8 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 688.8 Q -.2 -(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 712.8 Q F2(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 -E F1(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F2(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) -2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 724.8 R .6 -(en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 -(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G -3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(22) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(of)144 712.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 724.8 R +.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(22)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .639 -(to the last positional parameter)144 84 R 5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti) --5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G .639(xpansion error if) --3.289 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 96 Q(If)144 120 Q F1(par) -3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 84 Q -.2(vo)-.2 +G(id being confused with the).2 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(pansion.).15 E(If)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.959 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E F1(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459 +(he result is)-2.959 F F2(length)2.959 E F0 .459 +(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)2.958 E +(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G F2(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 120 R .6(en relati)-.1 +F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 +(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G +3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .64(to the last positional parameter)144 132 R +5.64(.I)-.55 G 3.14(ti)-5.64 G 3.14(sa)-3.14 G 3.139(ne)-3.14 G .639 +(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F2(length)3.139 E F0 -.25(eva)3.139 G .639 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 144 Q(If)144 168 Q F2(par) +3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 (da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 -F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 -132 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A -(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082 -(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater) --3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 144 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft) --3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) --6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if) --3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F -(number less than zero.)144 156 Q(Substring e)144 180 Q +F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 +180 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater) +-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 192 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) +-3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) +-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 +F F2(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F +(number less than zero.)144 204 Q(Substring e)144 228 Q (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 204 R +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931(Substring inde)144 252 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ -which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 216 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F -2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.806 E F0 .306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E -(to the list.)144 228 Q(${)108 244.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 -(*)A F0(})A(${)108 256.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 -.084(Names matching pr)144 268.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) --2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 280.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F -.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 292.8 Q -(ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -309.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 321.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 333.6 R(eys) --.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) -4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 -(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.596(assigned in)144 345.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1 -(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 357.6 Q F0 +which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 264 Q .306(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F +2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.807 E F0 +.307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 276 Q(${)108 292.8 Q +F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 304.8 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .085(Names matching pr)144 316.8 R +(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084 +(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.584 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@) +2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(within double quotes, each v)144 340.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 357.6 Q F1(!)A F2(name) +A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 369.6 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0 +(]})A F1 2.036(List of array k)144 381.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f) +-7.036 E F2(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036 +(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .595(assigned in)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.095 E F0 +5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F +3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F2(@)144 405.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -374.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 386.4 S .47 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) --5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -398.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +422.4 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 434.4 S .471 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 +(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F2(par) +4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 446.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F1(*)3.708 E F0(or) +3.708 E F1(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 -(array name subscripted by)144 410.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) +6.209 E F2(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +(array name subscripted by)144 458.4 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 422.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 -(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 434.4 R 1.272 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 446.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 463.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 475.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 487.2 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F2(par)145.25 470.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 +(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 482.4 R 1.273 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 494.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 511.2 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 523.2 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 535.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F -(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 +(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.543(name e)144 499.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 -(ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 511.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E -F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 -(then the result of the e)144 523.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 -535.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 -(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 547.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E -F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +.544(name e)144 547.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +(ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 559.2 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.221 G(tter).1 E 3.221(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.221 E +F0(belo)3.221 E 4.521 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.221(ft).65 G .721 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.221 F .722(ginning of the v)-.15 F .722 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.222 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 +(then the result of the e)144 571.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F .183(pattern \(the `)144 +583.2 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F2(par)3.934 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F1(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 595.2 Q F1(*)3.019 E +F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 559.2 R(If) -6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F -1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*) -3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 571.2 Q -.25 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.121(sion is the resultant list.)144 607.2 R(If) +6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F +1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*) +3.622 E F0 3.622(,t)C 1.122(he pattern)-3.622 F(remo)144 619.2 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 583.2 Q(${)108 -600 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 612 -Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 -624 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 -5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 636 -S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 648 S(tter).1 -E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 +-2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 631.2 Q(${)108 +648 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 660 +Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 +672 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 +5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F2(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 684 +S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 696 S(tter).1 +E 4.592(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.592 E F0(belo)4.592 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) --4.592 F 2.092(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 660 Q +-4.592 F 2.093(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.093(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 708 Q (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 672 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D -1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2 -(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par) -145.25 684 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2 -(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G -2.659(lo).25 G .16 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 -(and the e)144 696 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.51 -E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F2(*)3.009 E -F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 708 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G -.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(23)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.084 +(matching pattern \(the `)144 720 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D +1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1 +(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(23)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)A F1 -(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 96 S(tter).1 E 3.607 -(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern) -3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion,)144 108 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2(is e) -3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E F0 -(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1 -(string)144 120 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 -(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1 -(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E -4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 132 Q F0(be) -2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 -(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) -2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 -(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 144 R -F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 -(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 -(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 156 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 -(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 -3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F -.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 168 Q F0 .958 -(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 -(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E -F1(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F -F2(nocasematch)144 180 Q F0 .492 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)145.25 84 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(*)2.66 E F0 2.66(,t)C .16 +(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo).25 G .159 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 +(and the e)144 96 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.509 +E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F2(*)3.01 E F0 +(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 108 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G .422 +(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) +-2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 120 Q(${)108 +136.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 +(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 148.8 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 +E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F +1.107(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion,)144 160.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 +(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E +F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1 +(string)144 172.8 Q F0 5.396(.T)C .396 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F2 -.1 +(Pa)2.897 G(tter).1 E 2.897(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.897 E F0(belo)2.897 E +4.197 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.897 E(tern)144 184.8 Q F0(be) +2.57 E .07(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.57 E F0 2.57(,a)C .07(ll matches of) +-2.57 F F1(pattern)2.57 E F0 .069(are replaced with)2.569 F F1(string) +2.569 E F0 5.069(.N)C .069(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.069 F +2.579(replaced. If)144 196.8 R F1(pattern)2.579 E F0(be)2.579 E .079 +(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.579 E F0 2.579(,i)C 2.579(tm)-2.579 G .079 +(ust match at the be)-2.579 F .08(ginning of the e)-.15 F .08(xpanded v) +-.15 F .08(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.58 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 208.8 Q F0 +5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(pattern)3.262 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with) +-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761 +(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F .761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.261 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 +(string)144 220.8 Q F0 .957(is null, matches of)3.457 F F1(pattern)3.457 +E F0 .958(are deleted and the)3.457 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E +(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958(may be omitted.)3.458 F .958 +(If the)5.958 F F2(nocasematch)144 232.8 Q F0 .492 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) -144 192 R(If)5.884 E F1(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F2(@) -3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 +(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .883(betic characters.) +144 244.8 R(If)5.883 E F1(par)4.633 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.113 E F2(@) +3.383 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .884 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F 1.002 -(parameter in turn, and the e)144 204 R 1.002 +(parameter in turn, and the e)144 256.8 R 1.002 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F1(par)4.752 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002(ariable sub-)-.25 F -.159(scripted with)144 216 R F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 -2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member of \ -the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 228 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 244.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 256.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 268.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A -F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 280.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 292.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C -.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.001(ariable sub-)-.25 F +.158(scripted with)144 268.8 R F2(@)2.658 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E +F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \ +of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 280.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 297.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 309.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 321.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A +F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 333.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 345.6 R F0 5.438(.T)C +.438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 304.8 Q -F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 316.8 -S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 357.6 Q +F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 369.6 +S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -328.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +381.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 340.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +-.15(ve)144 393.6 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 352.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +1.547(letters to lo)144 405.6 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 364.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 -E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 376.8 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 417.6 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 +E F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 429.6 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 388.8 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 400.8 R(If)5.469 E F1 +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 441.6 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 453.6 R(If)5.468 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 412.8 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 429.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 441.6 S .86 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 465.6 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 482.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 494.4 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 453.6 R F1 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -465.6 Q F2(Q)144 489.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 489.6 R 1.064 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 506.4 R F1 +(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +518.4 Q F2(Q)144 542.4 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 542.4 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 501.6 Q F2(E)144 513.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 513.6 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 554.4 Q F2(E)144 566.4 Q F0 .44(The e)180 566.4 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 525.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 537.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 537.6 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 578.4 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E +F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 590.4 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 590.4 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 549.6 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 561.6 Q F0 1.138 -(The e)180 561.6 R 1.138 +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 602.4 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 614.4 Q F0 1.137 +(The e)180 614.4 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 573.6 Q +F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 626.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 585.6 Q F0 -(The e)180 585.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 638.4 Q F0 +(The e)180 638.4 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 602.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 655.2 Q F1(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.811 E F2(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F2(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 614.4 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) -5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E -F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E +-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 667.2 S .129(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.129 E F1(par)3.879 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.359 F +.13(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F2(*)2.63 E +F0 2.63(,t)C .13(he oper)-2.63 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -626.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 650.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 662.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 679.2 Q F1 -1.698(Command substitution)108 691.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 703.2 Q F2($\()144 720 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E -(24)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +679.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.85(The result of the e) +144 703.2 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described)-.15 F +(belo)144 715.2 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(24)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(or)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<92>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)A F1<92>A -(Bash)108 112.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088(xpansion by e)-.15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 .089 -(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command)-.4 F -.41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an)108 -124.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 F -.41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 136.8 -R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F -.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le)2.692 -E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 148.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G -(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Command Substitution)87 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.697 +(Command substitution)108 96 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 108 Q F1($\()144 124.8 Q F2 +(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 136.8 Q F1<92>144 148.8 Q F2(command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 165.6 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 +.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) +-.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) +108 177.6 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) +108 189.6 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) +2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 +G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 165.6 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 177.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 218.4 R(xcept)-.15 E +.315(when follo)108 230.4 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 +<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 189.6 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 201.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 218.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 242.4 R 1.386(using the $\() +3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 254.4 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 271.2 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 230.4 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 247.2 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 259.2 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 276 Q F0 1.034 -(Arithmetic e)108 288 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 283.2 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 300 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 312 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 328.8 Q F0 1.035 +(Arithmetic e)108 340.8 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 300 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 -316.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 333.6 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 345.6 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +(The format for arithmetic e)108 352.8 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 369.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 386.4 +Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 +(treated specially)108 398.4 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 357.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 369.6 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 386.4 +-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 +(tution, and quote remo)108 410.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 422.4 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 439.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 398.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 451.2 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 415.2 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 427.2 Q .405(ocess substitution) --.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 468 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 480 Q .405(ocess substitution)-.45 +F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 439.2 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 492 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 451.2 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 463.2 R .559 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 504 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 516 R .56 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 475.2 Q .309 +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 528 Q .308 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 487.2 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 540 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 504 R -.25(va)-.2 -G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously with pa\ -rameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 516 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 532.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 544.8 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 556.8 Q +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 556.8 R -.25(va) +-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ +h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 568.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 585.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 597.6 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 609.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 573.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 626.4 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 585.6 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 597.6 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -()3.336 E F0(,)A F1()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 -()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 609.6 R .345 +108 638.4 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 650.4 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +()3.337 E F0(,)A F1()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 +()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 662.4 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 621.6 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 674.4 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -633.6 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 -E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 -(ter is in the v)108 645.6 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) +686.4 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 +E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) +-.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 +(ter is in the v)108 698.4 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 -(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 -(along with an)108 657.6 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 -E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) -5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 -669.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927 -(Explicit null ar)108 686.4 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G -F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 -(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 698.4 R .485 -(guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 -G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 -E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 710.4 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 -(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 722.4 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.723(ord whose)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(25) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) +3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 710.4 +R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 +F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 722.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 +G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E +(25)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S -.175(pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F1 -10/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F1 -2.676 E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar) -108 96 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e) -108 112.8 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(Pa)87 129.6 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .246 -(After w)108 141.6 R .246(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F22.746 -E F0 .246(option has been set,)2.746 F F2(bash)2.746 E F0 .245 -(scans each w)2.745 F .245(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.745 E F0 -(,)A F2(?)2.745 E F0(,)A F2([)2.745 E F0 2.745(,a)C(nd,)-2.745 E .592 -(under certain circumstances \(e.g., when it appears in the e)108 153.6 -R .593(xpansion of an unquoted shell v)-.15 F .593(ariable, depend-)-.25 -F 1.239(ing on the setting of the)108 165.6 R F2(posixglob)3.739 E F0 -1.239(shell option\),)3.739 F F2(\\)3.739 E F0 6.239(.I)C 3.739(fo) --6.239 G 1.239(ne of these characters appears, then the w)-3.739 F 1.238 -(ord is)-.1 F(re)108 177.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .284(rded as a).05 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a).24 G .284(nd replaced w\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.927 +(Explicit null ar)108 84 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +.833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 +(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) +6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 96 R .484 +(guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 +G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 +E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 108 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 +(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 120 R .724 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 132 S .176 +(pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F2 10 +/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F22.675 +E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 144 +Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 160.8 +Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 177.6 +S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .245(After w)108 189.6 R .245 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.745 E F0 .245 +(option has been set,)2.745 F F1(bash)2.745 E F0 .246(scans each w)2.746 +F .246(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.746 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.746 E F0 +(,)A F1([)2.746 E F0 2.746(,a)C(nd,)-2.746 E .593 +(under certain circumstances \(e.g., when it appears in the e)108 201.6 +R .592(xpansion of an unquoted shell v)-.15 F .592(ariable, depend-)-.25 +F 1.239(ing on the setting of the)108 213.6 R F1(posixglob)3.739 E F0 +1.239(shell option\),)3.739 F F1(\\)3.739 E F0 6.239(.I)C 3.739(fo) +-6.239 G 1.239(ne of these characters appears, then the w)-3.739 F 1.239 +(ord is)-.1 F(re)108 225.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .285(rded as a).05 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a).24 G .284(nd replaced w\ ith an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \ -\(see)-2.784 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)108 189.6 S(tter).09 E 2.55 -(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.55 E F0(belo)2.55 E 2.8(w\). If)-.25 F .299 -(no matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)2.799 F F2 -(nullglob)2.799 E F0 .299(is not enabled,)2.799 F .016(the w)108 201.6 R -.016(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .016(If the)5.016 F F2(nullglob)2.516 -E F0 .017(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)2.516 F .017 -(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.517(d. If).15 F(the)108 213.6 Q F2 -(failglob)3.003 E F0 .503(shell option is set, and no matches are found\ -, an error message is printed and the command is)3.003 F .477(not e)108 -225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.977(cuted. If).15 F .477(the shell option)2.977 -F F2(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0 .478 +\(see)-2.785 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).09 E 2.549 +(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.549 E F0(belo)2.549 E 2.799(w\). If)-.25 F .299 +(no matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)2.799 F F1 +(nullglob)2.799 E F0 .3(is not enabled,)2.8 F .017(the w)108 249.6 R +.017(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .017(If the)5.017 F F1(nullglob)2.517 +E F0 .016(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)2.517 F .016 +(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.516(d. If).15 F(the)108 261.6 Q F1 +(failglob)3.002 E F0 .503(shell option is set, and no matches are found\ +, an error message is printed and the command is)3.002 F .478(not e)108 +273.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(the shell option)2.978 +F F1(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0 .478 (is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.978 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.478(rd to the case).05 F .151(of alphabetic characters.)108 237.6 R -.151(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.151 F .15 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.65 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0 .15(at the start of a)5.15 F .781(name or immediately follo)108 249.6 -R .781(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.281(,u) --.65 G .781(nless the shell option)-3.281 F F2(dotglob)3.282 E F0 .782 -(is set.)3.282 F .503(The \214lenames)108 261.6 R F2 -.63(``)3.003 G --.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.503 E F2 -.63(``)3.003 G(..).63 E -.63 -('')-.55 G F0 .502(must al)6.132 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .502(ys be matched e).1 -F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.002(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.252 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f) --3.002 E F2(dotglob)3.002 E F0 .502(is set.)3.002 F .502 -(In other cases, the)5.502 F F2 -.63(``)108 273.6 S -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 1.503(character is not treated specially)6.503 F 6.503(.W)-.65 G -1.503(hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-6.503 F -.1 -(wa)-.1 G 1.504(ys be).1 F .632(matched e)108 285.6 R .632 +.477(rd to the case).05 F .15(of alphabetic characters.)108 285.6 R .15 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.15 F .151 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.651 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .151(at the start of a)5.151 F .782(name or immediately follo)108 +297.6 R .781(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.281(,u)-.65 G .781(nless the shell option)-3.281 F F1(dotglob)3.281 E +F0 .781(is set.)3.281 F .502(The \214lenames)108 309.6 R F1 -.63(``) +3.002 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.502 E F1 -.63(``)3.002 G(..).63 +E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .502(must al)6.132 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .502 +(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.002(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.252 G +3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1(dotglob)3.002 E F0 .502(is set.)3.002 F +.503(In other cases, the)5.503 F F1 -.63(``)108 321.6 S -.55(.').63 G(') +-.08 E F0 1.504(character is not treated specially)6.504 F 6.503(.W)-.65 +G 1.503(hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-6.503 F +-.1(wa)-.1 G 1.503(ys be).1 F .631(matched e)108 333.6 R .631 (xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .632 -(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .631 +(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .632 (xts it can be matched by a special)-.15 F 1.392 -(pattern character as described belo)108 297.6 R 3.892(wu)-.25 G(nder) +(pattern character as described belo)108 345.6 R 3.892(wu)-.25 G(nder) -3.892 E F4 -.09(Pa)3.892 G(tter).09 E 3.642(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.642 E -/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.392(See the description of)5.892 F F2 -(shopt)3.892 E F0(belo)3.892 E 3.892(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.892 E F4 .776 -(SHELL B)108 309.6 R(UIL)-.09 E .776(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .776 -(for a description of the)3.026 F F2(nocaseglob)3.276 E F0(,)A F2 -(nullglob)3.276 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)3.276 E F0 3.276(,a)C(nd)-3.276 E -F2(dotglob)3.275 E F0(shell)3.275 E(options.)108 321.6 Q(The)108 338.4 Q -F4(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 +/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.392(See the description of)5.892 F F1 +(shopt)3.892 E F0(belo)3.892 E 3.891(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.891 E F4 .775 +(SHELL B)108 357.6 R(UIL)-.09 E .775(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .776 +(for a description of the)3.026 F F1(nocaseglob)3.276 E F0(,)A F1 +(nullglob)3.276 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)3.276 E F0 3.276(,a)C(nd)-3.276 E +F1(dotglob)3.276 E F0(shell)3.276 E(options.)108 369.6 Q(The)108 386.4 Q +F4(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F3(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F4(GLO-)2.631 E -(BIGNORE)108 350.4 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.264 E(remo)108 362.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F2(nocaseglob) -3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 374.4 Q F0 .147 -(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F2 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F2 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 -386.4 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +F F3(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F4(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE) +108 398.4 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also matche\ +s one of the patterns in)4.264 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E +(remo)108 410.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 +(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) +3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 422.4 Q F0 .146 +(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 +(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)108 +434.4 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 398.4 R F2(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 410.4 Q -1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F -F2 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 -422.4 Q F2(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F4 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 434.4 Q F2 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 451.2 S(tter).1 E -2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 468 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(harac\ +-.25 F .682(enabling the)108 446.4 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 458.4 Q +1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F +F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 +(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 +470.4 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F4 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 482.4 Q F1 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 499.2 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 516 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(harac\ ter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern character\ s described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 -(itself. The)108 480 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +(itself. The)108 528 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) 3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12 (wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 492 R .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 540 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 504 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)144 537.6 Q F0 .377 -(Matches an)180 537.6 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F2 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 549.6 -Q F2(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 552 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 585.6 Q F0 .376 +(Matches an)180 585.6 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 597.6 +Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 -E F2(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 +E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 (will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 561.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F2(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 573.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F2(?)144 585.6 Q -F0(Matches an)180 585.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F2([...])144 597.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 597.6 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 609.6 R F3 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +.)180 609.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 621.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 633.6 Q +F0(Matches an)180 633.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +F1([...])144 645.6 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 645.6 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 657.6 R F3 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G -.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u) -.15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) -6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 633.6 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F -F2([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F2(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F2 -(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 645.6 R .895 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 657.6 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F4(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G +.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 669.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u) +.15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) +6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 681.6 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F +F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 +(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 693.6 R .894 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) +180 705.6 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F4(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 (or)2.625 E F4(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 669.6 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F2([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 681.6 R F2(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F2(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C -2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F2(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F22.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ -be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 693.6 R(A)5.193 E F2(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 705.6 Q -.4(Wi) -180 723.6 S(thin).4 E F2([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F2(])3.071 E F0(,)A F3 --.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F2([:)3.07 E F3(class)A F2 -(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F3(class)3.07 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(26)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 717.6 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 729.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(26)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(is one of the follo)180 84 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF 8.173(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 96 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 108 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 120 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 -G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 -(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 132 Q -.4(Wi) -180 150 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 -(,a)C(n)-4.536 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F -F0 2.037(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c) -A F1(=])A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with \ -the same collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 -162 R(the character)180 174 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 192 S(thin).4 -E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) -2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 208.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -220.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .193(be matched b\ +y including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)180 84 R(A) +5.193 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 +F(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 96 Q -.4(Wi)180 +114 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 +.571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class) +A F1(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 126 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 138 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 150 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.289(Ac)180 162 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 174 Q -.4(Wi) +180 192 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 204 R +(the character)180 216 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 234 S(thin).4 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 +E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 250.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 +262.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 232.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 256.8 Q F2 +108 274.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 298.8 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 268.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 280.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 292.8 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 304.8 Q F2 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 310.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 322.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 334.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 346.8 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 328.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 340.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 352.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 364.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 -381.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 -(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 358.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 370.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 382.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 394.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches an)180 406.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .969(Complicated e)108 +423.6 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .969 +(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 393.6 R 1.23 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 435.6 R 1.23 (Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F (using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -405.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 422.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 -E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 434.4 R 1.112 +447.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 464.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 +E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 476.4 R 1.113 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 446.4 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 488.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 463.2 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 475.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 505.2 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 517.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 -(by the shell.)108 487.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +(by the shell.)108 529.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 499.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ -the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 -(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 511.2 R -.15 +-.25 F(dif)108 541.2 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ + the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 +(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 553.2 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -523.2 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 535.2 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 +565.2 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G +.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 577.2 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 552 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 -564 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 594 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 +606 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 576 S -.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 618 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 588 Q F0 -.6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 -(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 600 R 1.238 -(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 -(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 612 Q .284(In the follo)108 628.8 R .283(wing description\ -s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ -r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 640.8 R F1(<)3.012 E -F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 630 Q F0 +.599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F +1.238(persists be)108 642 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo) +-.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor) +-.25 F(himself.)108 654 Q .283(In the follo)108 670.8 R .284(wing descr\ +iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\ +aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 682.8 R F1(<) +3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 652.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 694.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 669.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 681.6 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 693.6 R -.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F -.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 705.6 S(rd,).1 E F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 722.4 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(27)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 711.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F 2.701 +(jected to brace e)108 723.6 R 2.701(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F 2.701 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 2.701(ariable e)-.25 F 2.701 +(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 July 8)151.505 E(27)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ls)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 100.8 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829(arithmetic e) +108 84 R .829(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .829 +(l, pathname e).25 F .829(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .829(ord splitting.)-.1 +F .829(If it e)5.829 F .83(xpands to more than)-.15 F(one w)108 96 Q +(ord,)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E +(.)-.55 E(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 +112.8 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 +129.6 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 146.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G -(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 117.6 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0 -(dirlist)2.5 E .527(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 134.4 -R F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w) +(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 163.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0 +(dirlist)2.5 E .527(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 180 R +F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w) -3.027 F .527(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 146.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 163.2 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 175.2 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .978 +(output before the standard output w)108 192 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 208.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 220.8 R .978 +(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .977 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 187.2 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 204 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E -F2(fd)A F0(If)180 216 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 232.8 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 249.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 261.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 228 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 240 Q F1(/de)144 252 Q(v/stdout) --.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 264 Q F1(/de)144 276 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 288 Q F1(/de) -144 300 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 312 Q F2 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 273.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 285.6 Q F1(/de)144 297.6 Q +(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 309.6 Q F1(/de) +144 321.6 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +333.6 Q F1(/de)144 345.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0 +(If)180 357.6 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 369.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +381.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 393.6 Q F2 (host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 324 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -336 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 348 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 360 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 405.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -376.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 393.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -422.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +422.4 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 439.2 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 451.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +468 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 434.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 446.4 Q F2 -(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +108 480 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 492 Q F2(n) +2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 463.2 Q([)144 480 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 496.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 508.8 Q([)144 525.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 542.4 Q +(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 508.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 520.8 -R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 532.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +108 554.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 566.4 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +-.15(ex)108 578.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 549.6 Q([)144 566.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 583.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 595.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 607.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 595.2 Q([)144 612 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 628.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 640.8 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 652.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -636 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 648 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 660 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +681.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 693.6 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 705.6 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -672 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 688.8 Q([)144 705.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(28)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +717.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(28)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 -E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard output\ - \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip\ --)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(.).77 E(There are tw)108 124.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 153.6 Q F1(>&)144 165.6 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 182.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>>)A F1(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F2(Redir)87 117.6 Q(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 +E(or)-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 129.6 R .249(ws both the st\ +andard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\ +\214le descrip-)-.25 F +(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 141.6 Q +(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 +158.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 +(&>)144 175.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 187.2 Q F2(>&)144 199.2 Q +F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 216 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 199.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 216 R F2(wor)2.614 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 -2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114 -(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 228 Q F1 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 244.8 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 256.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 232.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 249.6 R F1(wor) +2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) +-.15 F F22.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G +.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 261.6 Q +F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 278.4 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 290.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -268.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +302.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -285.6 Q F1(&>>)144 302.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 319.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(>>)144 336 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 -352.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E -F1(Her)87 369.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ -irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ -l a line containing only)108 381.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 393.6 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +319.2 Q F2(&>>)144 336 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(This is semantically equi) +108 352.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>>)144 369.6 Q F1(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 386.4 Q F2 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(Her)87 +403.2 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ +nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ +ontaining only)108 415.2 R F1(delimiter)108.35 427.2 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 405.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 422.4 Q([)144 439.2 Q F2(n)A F0(]) -A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 451.2 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 463.2 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 -480 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 439.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 456 Q([)144 472.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A +F2(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 484.8 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 496.8 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +513.6 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 -492 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 --.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 -(is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 +525.6 R F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 +-.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 +(is quoted, the)3.685 F F1(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 504 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 516 R 2.59 +-2.915 E F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 537.6 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 549.6 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 528 Q F1(\\)2.5 E -F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 544.8 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 561.6 Q F2(\\)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +(If the redirection operator is)108 578.4 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 556.8 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 590.4 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 573.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 585.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 602.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 619.2 Q -F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 631.2 S -1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 607.2 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 619.2 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 636 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 652.8 Q F1 +(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S +1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 643.2 R .375(wline appended\ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 676.8 R .374(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) -108 655.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E -F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 672 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -684 Q([)144 700.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 717.6 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 -(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -729.6 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(29)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +108 688.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E +F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 705.6 Q F0(The redirection operator) +108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(29)200.665 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 84 R(If)5.15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to) -.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.65 E F0 2.649<2c8c>C .149 -(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 -E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 96 Q -(The operator)108 112.8 Q([)144 129.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 146.4 R -(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 158.4 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor) -4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 170.4 R F1(wor) -3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F22.754 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 +E F0 .126(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 100.8 R(If) +5.127 E F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 +112.8 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 124.8 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 136.8 Q +(The operator)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 187.2 R +(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 199.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F1(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 211.2 R F1(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F22.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F1(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 182.4 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 223.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 194.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 211.2 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 223.2 Q([) -144 240 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 256.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1 -(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 -3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 -.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 268.8 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +-3.466 F(pre)108 235.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 252 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 264 Q([)144 +280.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 297.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1(digit) +3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o) +.24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 +.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 309.6 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) -108 285.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 302.4 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 319.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 -.286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786 -(rt)-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F -F1(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 331.2 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 348 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 360 Q([)144 376.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)A -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -393.6 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +108 326.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 343.2 Q +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 360 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1(digit)2.785 E F0 +.285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785 +(rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F +F1(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 372 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 388.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 400.8 Q([)144 417.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +434.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 405.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +108 446.4 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 422.4 Q F1(Aliases)108 434.4 Q F0(allo)3.174 -E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 463.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 475.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 446.4 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 458.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 470.4 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 482.4 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 494.4 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 506.4 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 518.4 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 530.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 542.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 487.2 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 499.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 511.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 523.2 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 535.2 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 547.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 559.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 571.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 583.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 559.2 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 600 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 576 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 616.8 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 588 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 604.8 R 1.22 +108 628.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 645.6 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) .15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 616.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 657.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -633.6 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 -(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 645.6 R 3.17(eu) +674.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 686.4 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 657.6 R 1.059 -(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.075(when it is e)108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 +1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 698.4 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.074(when it is e)108 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 681.6 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G -.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 -(The commands follo)5.337 F .338 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F 1.473(not af)108 -693.6 R 1.473(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.973(wa)-.25 G 3.973(lias. This) --3.973 F(beha)3.973 E 1.473(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.973(cuted. Aliases).15 F(are)3.972 E -.15(ex)108 -705.6 S .609(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the \ -function is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .61 -(cuted, because a function de\214ni-).15 F .712 -(tion is itself a command.)108 717.6 R .711 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.711 F --.25(va)-.2 G .711(ilable until after that).25 F 1.185(function is e)108 -729.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.685(cuted. T).15 F 3.685(ob)-.8 G 3.685(es) --3.685 G 1.185(afe, al)-3.685 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.185 -(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F2 -(alias)3.686 E F0(in)3.686 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 -E(30)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 722.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G +.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(30)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(compound commands.)108 84 Q -.15(Fo)108 100.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) --2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 117.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 129.6 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.001(later e)108 141.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.472(not af)108 +84 R 1.473(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.973(wa)-.25 G 3.973(lias. This) +-3.973 F(beha)3.973 E 1.473(vior is also an issue when functions are e) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.973(cuted. Aliases).15 F(are)3.973 E -.15(ex)108 +96 S .61(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the func\ +tion is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .609(cuted, because a function de\214ni-) +.15 F .711(tion is itself a command.)108 108 R .711 +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.711 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .712(ilable until after that).25 F 1.186(function is e)108 +120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.686(cuted. T).15 F 3.686(ob)-.8 G 3.686(es)-3.686 +G 1.185(afe, al)-3.686 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.185 +(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)3.685 E F0(in)3.685 E(compound commands.)108 +132 Q -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 177.6 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F +1.002(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002 (the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ -t of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108 -153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .315(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 -F .035(shell; no ne)108 165.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 +201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 +F .036(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 189.6 -R/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)3.032 E F0 .532 -(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532(Special parameter) -5.532 F F4(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F .533 -(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 201.6 Q F2(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) --.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 237.6 +R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 249.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -218.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 230.4 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F2(DEB)3.714 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F4(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F4(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F2(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 242.4 S(IL) -.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 278.4 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 290.4 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F4(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 254.4 R F2(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F1(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 302.4 R F3(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F4 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F4(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 266.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F4 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F4(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F2(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 278.4 Q F4(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 295.2 S .655 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F4(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 307.2 R .051 +-.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 314.4 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 326.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 343.2 S .656 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 355.2 R .05 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F4(local)2.55 E -F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55 -E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\ -luding the functions it calls\).)108 319.2 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F -(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 331.2 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 +-.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F1(local) +2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G +(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ +hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 367.2 R 1.185(Local v) +6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 379.2 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) --.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F -.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 -343.2 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ -to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 355.2 R .688 +-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F +.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 +391.2 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ + to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 403.2 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 367.2 Q .726 -(The shell uses)108 384 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .726(dynamic scoping) -3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G -.727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 396 R .008 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 415.2 Q .727 +(The shell uses)108 432 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727(dynamic scoping) +3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G +.726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726 +(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 444 R .007 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) -108 408 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 420 Q -2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) +108 456 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 468 Q +2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) -108 432 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +108 480 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -448.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F5 -(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F5(func1) -2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F5(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 -(calls another function)2.724 F F5(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 -(references to)108 460.8 R F5(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 -F F5(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) --2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F5(var)2.963 E F0(from) -2.963 E F5(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F -(y)-.15 E(global v)108 472.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F5(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 489.6 Q F4(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 -(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F4(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 -(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 501.6 R .19 +496.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F5 +(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F5(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F5(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 +(calls another function)2.723 F F5(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 +(references to)108 508.8 R F5(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F5(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F5(var)2.964 E F0(from) +2.964 E F5(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 520.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F5(var)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The)108 537.6 Q F1(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F1(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 +(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 549.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.72(av)108 513.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ -unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\ -unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 525.6 R .014 -(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014 -(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013 -(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v) -108 537.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F -3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567 -(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 549.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 566.4 Q F4(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 --.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +-5.19 E 2.721(av)108 561.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ + unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ +func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 573.6 R .013 +(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 +(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 +(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) +108 585.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F +3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 +(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 597.6 Q +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 614.4 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 +-.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 595.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F4 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 643.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 607.2 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 655.2 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F4(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 619.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 667.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 631.2 Q F4(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 679.2 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 648 R F4 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F4(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F4(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 660 R F43.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F4 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F4(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 696 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 708 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 672 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F4(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 684 R 1.597 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F43.797 E F0 -1.297(option to the)3.797 F F4(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F -(deleted using the)108 696 Q F42.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F4 -(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi) -108 712.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F4(FUNCNEST)2.871 -E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 724.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(31)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.326(\214le and line number)108 720 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(31)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(recursi)108 84 Q -.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) -72 100.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 -(The shell allo)108 112.8 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.298 +(automatically ha)108 84 R 1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298 +(hem de\214ned with the).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.798 E F0 +1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. 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By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 136.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 +153.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +(The shell allo)108 165.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(let)4.797 E F0(and)4.797 E F2(declar)108 124.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.683 G .183(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183 -(compound command, and)2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 -2.683(\). Ev)B .183(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 136.8 Q 1.058 -(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 148.8 R(vity)-.25 E +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E F0 +(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 +(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) +2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 189.6 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F +1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 201.6 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 160.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) -5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 172.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 -189.6 Q F2(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 201.6 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 213.6 S -F0(unary minus and plus)144 213.6 Q F2(++)108 225.6 Q F3(id)A F2 -2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 237.6 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 249.6 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 249.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -261.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 261.6 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 273.6 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 273.6 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> -108 285.6 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 285.6 Q F2(<< >>)108 297.6 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 297.6 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 309.6 Q F0 -(comparison)144 321.6 Q F2(== !=)108 333.6 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 333.6 Q F2(&)108 345.6 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 345.6 Q F2(^)108 357.6 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 357.6 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) -108 369.6 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 369.6 Q F2(&&)108 381.6 Q F0(logical AND) -144 381.6 Q F2(||)108 393.6 Q F0(logical OR)144 393.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 -405.6 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 417.6 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 429.6 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F +(lo)108 213.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) +5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F +(of decreasing precedence.)108 225.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 +242.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 254.4 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 266.4 S +F0(unary minus and plus)144 266.4 Q F1(++)108 278.4 Q F3(id)A F1 +2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 290.4 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5(!~)108 302.4 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 302.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 +314.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 314.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 326.4 S +F0(multiplication, di)144 326.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> +108 338.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 338.4 Q F1(<< >>)108 350.4 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 350.4 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 362.4 Q F0 +(comparison)144 374.4 Q F1(== !=)108 386.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 386.4 Q F1(&)108 398.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 398.4 Q F1(^)108 410.4 Q +F0(bitwise e)144 410.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) +108 422.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 422.4 Q F1(&&)108 434.4 Q F0(logical AND) +144 434.4 Q F1(||)108 446.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 446.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 +458.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 470.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 482.4 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G -(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 441.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 453.6 S -(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 465.6 Q .68 -(Shell v)108 482.4 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 494.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 506.4 S +(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 518.4 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 535.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 494.4 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 547.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 506.4 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G -1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 518.4 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.257 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 530.4 R 1.258 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 +(using the parameter e)108 571.2 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.258 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 583.2 R 1.258 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.758(nt).15 G(he) --3.758 E F3(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.258 -(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.758 E 3.758<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.758 E F0(is) -3.758 E .333(assigned a v)108 542.4 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +-3.758 E F3(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.257 +(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.757 E 3.757<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.757 E F0(is) +3.757 E .332(assigned a v)108 595.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) 2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 (As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 554.4 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 571.2 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F -3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F -<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) -5.518 F 3.283(al)108 583.2 S .783 -(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G -.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 595.2 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 -(he form [)-3.315 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) -3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 607.2 R F3(n)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 619.2 Q F3(n)3.88 E F0 3.88(,i)C 3.88(fan)-3.88 G 1.38(on-di\ -git is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo) --3.88 F 1.38(wercase letters, the)-.25 F .018 -(uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 631.2 R 5.018(.I)-.55 G -(f)-5.018 E F3(base)2.518 E F0 .018(is less than or equal to 36, lo) -2.518 F .018(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F +2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 607.2 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 624 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F 3.018 +(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F<8c78> +-.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with)5.517 +F 3.282(al)108 636 S .782(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.) +-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G .783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283 +(xadecimal. Otherwise,)-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 648 R 3.316 +(et)-.1 G .816(he form [)-3.316 F F3(base#)A F0 .815 +(]n, where the optional)B F3(base)3.315 E F0 .815 +(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 F .349 +(the arithmetic base, and)108 660 R F3(n)2.849 E F0 .349 +(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) +108 672 Q F3(n)3.88 E F0 3.88(,i)C 3.88(fan)-3.88 G 1.38(on-digit is re\ +quired, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.88 F 1.38 +(wercase letters, the)-.25 F .018 +(uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 684 R 5.018(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.018 E F3(base)2.518 E F0 .018(is less than or equal to 36, lo)2.518 F +.018(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -643.2 Q .234(Operators are e)108 660 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +696 Q .235(Operators are e)108 712.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 672 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -(CONDITION)72 688.8 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 -700.8 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 -(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([) -2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F 1.233 -(\214le attrib)108 712.8 R 1.233 -(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)6.234 E -F2(test)3.734 E F0(and)3.734 E F2([)3.734 E F0 1.234 -(commands determine their)3.734 F(beha)108 724.8 Q 2.6 -(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F 2.599 -(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 5.099(yo) --.15 G(ther)-5.099 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(32) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 724.8 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(32)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(command-speci\214c actions.)108 84 Q .234 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 100.8 R .234 -(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.234 -E F0 .235(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-) -.15 F .425(cially when the)108 112.8 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425 -(re used in e)-2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425 -(the operating system on which)2.925 F F1(bash)2.924 E F0 .424 -(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F 1.153(special \214les, \ -bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them internally with this\ - beha)108 124.8 R 1.153(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(\214le)3.653 E F0(ar)108 136.8 Q .426 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)2.926 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.926(,t)C .426(hen \214le descriptor)-2.926 F F2(n) -2.926 E F0 .426(is check)2.926 F 2.926(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.926 E F2 -(\214le)2.926 E F0(ar)2.926 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 148.8 R F2(/de)2.529 E -(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) --2.53 E F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 84 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 96 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2 +(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256 +(iltin commands to test).2 F 1.234(\214le attrib)108 108 R 1.234 +(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)6.234 E +F2(test)3.733 E F0(and)3.733 E F2([)3.733 E F0 1.233 +(commands determine their)3.733 F(beha)108 120 Q .996 +(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .996 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 3.497(yo) +-.15 G .997(ther com-)-3.497 F(mand-speci\214c actions.)108 132 Q .235 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 148.8 R .234 +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .234 +(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .424 +(cially when the)108 160.8 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e)-2.924 F +2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F +F2(bash)2.925 E F0 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these)-.15 F +1.153(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate th\ +em internally with this beha)108 172.8 R 1.153(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 +E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.652 E F0(ar)108 184.8 Q .426 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F3(/de)2.926 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.926(,t)C .426(hen \214le descriptor)-2.926 F F3(n) +2.926 E F0 .426(is check)2.926 F 2.926(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.926 E F3 +(\214le)2.926 E F0(ar)2.926 E(gu-)-.18 E .03 +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 196.8 R F3(/de)2.53 E +(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F3(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.529(,o)C(r) +-2.529 E F3(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.529<2c8c>C .029 +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 177.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 189.6 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 207.6 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 -E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F1(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -219.6 Q F1108 243.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 243.6 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 -255.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 255.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 -267.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 267.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1 -108 279.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 279.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1 -108 291.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 291.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 303.6 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 303.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 315.6 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 315.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 327.6 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 327.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 339.6 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 339.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +108 225.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 237.6 +Q 1.096(When used with)108 255.6 R F2([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 +E F2(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 +E F2(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +267.6 Q F2108 291.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 291.6 S +(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 +303.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 303.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 +315.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 315.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2 +108 327.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 327.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 +108 339.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 339.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 351.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 351.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 363.6 +Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 363.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 375.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 375.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 387.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 387.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F1108 351.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -351.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F1108 363.6 Q F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 363.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 375.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 375.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1108 387.6 Q F2(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 387.6 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 399.6 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 399.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1108 -411.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 411.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 423.6 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 423.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 -435.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 435.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +(it is set.)-2.5 E F2108 399.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +399.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2108 411.6 Q F3(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 411.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 423.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 423.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 435.6 Q F3(fd) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 435.6 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F3(fd)4.47 E +F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 447.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 447.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2108 +459.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 459.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 471.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 471.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2108 +483.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 483.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 447.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 447.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 459.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 459.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -108 471.6 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 471.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 +E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2108 495.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 495.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 507.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F2 +108 519.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 519.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 483.6 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 483.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 495.6 Q F1 -(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 519.6 Q F02.5 E F1 -(nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 531.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 -E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 -(\214le1)108 543.6 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -555.6 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 567.6 Q -F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 579.6 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 -F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 -(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 591.6 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 603.6 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 615.6 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname) -2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1 -108 627.6 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 639.6 S(ue if the shell v) -.35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0 -(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F1108 651.6 Q F2(string) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 663.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E -F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 675.6 Q F1108 687.6 Q F2(string) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 699.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E -F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(33) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2108 531.6 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 531.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F3(\214le1)108 543.6 Q F2 +(\255ef)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 555.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F3(\214le1)108 567.6 Q F02.5 E F2 +(nt)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 579.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 +E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F3 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3 +(\214le1)108 591.6 Q F02.5 E F2(ot)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F3(\214le2) +2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2108 615.6 Q +F3(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 627.6 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 +F F3(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F2 +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 639.6 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 651.6 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 663.6 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname) +2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F2 +108 675.6 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 687.6 S(ue if the shell v) +.35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname)2.79 E F0 +(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F2108 699.6 Q F3(string) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 711.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.5 E +F0(is zero.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(33)200.665 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(==)2.5 E F1 -(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 96 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -144 108 S .861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .862 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 120 -R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1 -(string1)108 148.8 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 160.8 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 177.6 Q F2(<)2.5 -E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 189.6 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E +/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF108 96 Q +F1(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1 +(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1(string1)108 124.8 Q F2(==)2.5 E +F1(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 136.8 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 148.8 S .862(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 +.861(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .861 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 +160.8 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 172.8 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(string1)108 189.6 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 201.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 218.4 Q F2(<)2.5 +E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 230.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 206.4 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 218.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 +E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 247.2 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 259.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 -235.2 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 247.2 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +276 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 288 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 259.2 -R F1(ar)144 271.2 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar) -3.919 E(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -3.589(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H -(nte).15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E -F0(command,)144 283.2 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 -E(g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 -(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 295.2 Q F0(abo) -2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 312 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 -(When a simple command is e)108 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 -(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 336 Q(1.)108 352.8 Q 1.849(The w)144 352.8 R 1.849 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 300 R +F1(ar)144 312 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.59(,r)C(especti)-3.59 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.1 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.59 E F1(ar)3.92 E(g2) +-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.61 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 +G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E +3.589(gers. When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F2([[)3.589 E F0 +(command,)144 324 Q F1(Ar)4.219 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.209 E F1(Ar)4.219 E +(g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 +(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.21(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .71 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.21 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 336 Q F0(abo)2.25 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) +72 352.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614(When a simple command is e)108 364.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613 +(wing e)-.25 F .613(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F +(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 376.8 Q(wing order)-.25 +E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 393.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 393.6 R 1.848 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 381.6 Q 1.163(The w)144 381.6 R -1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -393.6 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 422.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 422.4 R +1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 +434.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 405.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 422.4 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(are the ar)144 446.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 463.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 463.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 439.2 Q .716(The te)144 439.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 -E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 +108 480 Q .717(The te)144 480 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 +.717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 451.2 R .339 +.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 492 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 463.2 Q -.332(If no command name results, the v)108 480 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 504 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 520.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 492 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 532.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 504 R -(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 516 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 532.8 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 544.8 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 544.8 +R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 556.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 573.6 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 585.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 561.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 602.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -573.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 597.6 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 614.4 Q F0 -.547(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .546 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +614.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 626.4 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 638.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 655.2 Q F0 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 667.2 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 638.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 679.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 655.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 696 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 667.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS) -2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 679.2 Q 2.5 +108 708 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 +E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 720 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 -(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 -720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(34)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(34)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .72 -(search of the directories in)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) -3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F -.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(command_not_f)3.456 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 6.006(.I)C -3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in) --.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005 -(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 -(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 -(and the original command')108 120 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G -.255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 -(se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F -.263(tus of that subshell.)108 132 R .263(If that function is not de\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 84 R .309 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.809 +E F0 .309(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 96 Q/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662 +(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F1(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 +108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F1(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 +(search of the directories in)108 120 R F2 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) +2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ +es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 132 R F1(command_not_f)3.455 +E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 144 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G 1.005 +(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006 +(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256 +(and the original command')108 156 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G +.256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755 +(se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 168 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 -(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 144 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\ +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 180 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\ l, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 -160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 -(named program in a separate e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 +(named program in a separate e)108 208.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 -(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 184.8 Q +(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 220.8 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 201.6 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 213.6 R/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 249.6 R/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 225.6 R .329 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 237.6 R 1.219 +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 261.6 R .33 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 +(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 273.6 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F2(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F1 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 249.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347 -(If the program is a \214le be)108 266.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F2 -(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\ -\214es an interpreter for the pro-)-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 278.4 R +-.15 F F1(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 285.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348 +(If the program is a \214le be)108 302.4 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\ +\214es an interpreter for the pro-)-2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 314.4 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpre\ ter on operating systems that do not handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv)108 290.4 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F +(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv)108 326.4 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F (ar)3.693 E 1.193 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 -(gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 302.4 R -1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 314.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 331.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 -(The shell has an)108 343.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 +(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 338.4 R +1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 +F(command ar)108 350.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 367.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 +(The shell has an)108 379.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E (onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 -E<83>108 360 Q 1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 360 R --.2(vo)-.4 G 1.406 -(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F2(exec) -3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 372 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 388.8 Q(the current w)144 -388.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(pushd)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G +E<83>108 396 Q 1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 396 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G 1.405 +(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F1(exec) +3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 408 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 424.8 Q(the current w)144 +424.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G (nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 -405.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 405.6 Q F2(umask)2.5 +441.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 441.6 Q F1(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83> -108 422.4 Q(current traps set by)144 422.4 Q F2(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 -439.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 439.2 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F2(set)2.756 E F0 .256 -(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 451.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 468 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 468 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +108 458.4 Q(current traps set by)144 458.4 Q F1(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 +475.2 Q .256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 475.2 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .257 +(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E +(in the en)144 487.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 504 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 504 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 484.8 Q -(options enabled at in)144 484.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) -.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F2(set) -2.5 E F0<83>108 501.6 Q(options enabled by)144 501.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 518.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 518.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E -F0<83>108 535.2 Q -.25(va)144 535.2 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 520.8 Q +(options enabled at in)144 520.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set) +2.5 E F0<83>108 537.6 Q(options enabled by)144 537.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 554.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 554.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E +F0<83>108 571.2 Q -.25(va)144 571.2 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E -(alue of)-.25 E F2($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -F1(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 552 R -.427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 -(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 564 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +(alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427(When a simple command other than a b)108 588 R +.426(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 600 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F -.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 576 Q<83>108 592.8 Q 1.055(the shell')144 592.8 R 3.555 -(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 +.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 612 Q<83>108 628.8 Q 1.056(the shell')144 628.8 R 3.556 +(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 604.8 Q<83>108 621.6 Q(the current w)144 621.6 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 638.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -638.4 Q<83>108 655.2 Q .857(shell v)144 655.2 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 640.8 Q<83>108 657.6 Q(the current w)144 657.6 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 674.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +674.4 Q<83>108 691.2 Q .856(shell v)144 691.2 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 667.2 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 684 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 -684 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 696 Q -2.5(Ac)108 712.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E -(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 729.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21) -148.175 E(35)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 703.2 Q(vironment) +-.4 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(35)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.744(as)108 84 S -.244(ubshell en)-2.744 F .244 -(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245(vironment, e) --.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .359 -(reset to the v)108 96 R .358 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q .307 +(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 84 R .306 +(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 96 Q 2.5 +(Ac)108 112.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E +(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 129.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 141.6 S .245(ubshell en) +-2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +.358(reset to the v)108 153.6 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. 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Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 177.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 +194.4 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent) -3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 148.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent) +3.877 F 2.5(shell. When)108 206.4 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E -F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 165.6 -R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) -2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -177.6 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 -(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 189.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 206.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 218.4 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) --4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 +F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 223.2 +R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) +2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 +(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 +235.2 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 +(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 247.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ENVIR)72 264 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 276 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 +G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 (rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 230.4 Q -F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 247.2 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 259.2 Q .144(viron\ +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 288 Q F0 +A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 304.8 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 316.8 Q .144(viron\ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 271.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 328.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 283.2 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 295.2 Q .64 +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 340.8 R +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 352.8 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 307.2 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 364.8 R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 319.2 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 -(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 -331.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 348 -R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 -.563(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with) -3.833 F .203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 360 R .502 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 -F .202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 372 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 388.8 R F1 +.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 376.8 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 +(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 +E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 +(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) +108 388.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 +405.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command) +3.403 F F0 .562 +(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 417.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 429.6 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 446.4 R F1 3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 400.8 Q +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 458.4 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 417.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) --3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +-.4 E(When)108 475.2 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) +-3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 429.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 -(EXIT ST)72 446.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 458.4 R -.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) -.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 -(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. Exit)108 470.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 -(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 482.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G -.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +(passed to that command in its en)108 487.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 +(EXIT ST)72 504 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 516 R +.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 528 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F +.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 540 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G +.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -494.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 511.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 -(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 523.2 R 2.548(An) -5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 535.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +552 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) +108 568.8 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) +-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 580.8 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 592.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 552 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 564 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 580.8 +(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 609.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 621.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 638.4 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 597.6 R .08 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 655.2 R .081 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 609.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 -(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F +(the)108 667.2 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +-.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 621.6 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F1(Bash)108 638.4 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 650.4 -Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 -(SIGN)72 667.2 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 679.2 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 -(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G -.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .682(kill 0) -3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 691.2 Q .757 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F -F1(bash)108 703.2 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 -(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 -E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 720 Q 1.065 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 -(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(36)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 679.2 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F1(Bash)108 696 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 708 Q +(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(36)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.247 -(parent. When)108 84 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGINT) -3.248 E F0(and)2.998 E F1(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 -F .653(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 96 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 108 Q F1 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F2 -(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F1(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 -124.8 R 2.045(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F1 -(SIGHUP)4.545 E F2(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045 -(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046 -(hell resends the).15 F F1(SIGHUP)108 136.8 Q F0 1.005 -(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) -6.005 F F1(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr) --.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F1(SIGHUP)108 148.8 -Q F2(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p)5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the sh\ -ell from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357 -(jobs table with the)108 160.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)3.857 E(wn) --.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F1 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F -(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E 1.356 -(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(SIGHUP)108 172.8 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 189.6 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F1(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 84 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 96 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.182 E F0 .682(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G .682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183 +(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM) +3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .683(kill 0)3.183 F F0 .683 +(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 108 Q .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .458 +(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F2(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F +F2(bash)108 120 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F2 +(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) +-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 136.8 +Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 +-.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 +148.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) +2.997 E F3(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 160.8 R .653 +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 172.8 Q F3 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 189.6 R 2.046 +(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E +F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0 +1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F3(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 +(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 213.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ +particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 225.6 R F2(diso) +3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(SIGHUP)108 237.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 254.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -201.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 218.4 Q F3(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +266.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 283.2 Q F2(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 230.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 242.4 R F3(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ -eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F3 +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 295.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +(via the)108 307.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 254.4 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 319.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 -271.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 283.2 S 4.567(bc) -.25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067(refers to the ability to selecti) -5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t) -C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.068 -(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 295.2 Q F5 -.37(re)C -(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(JOB CONTR)72 336 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 348 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol) +-.45 E F0 2.068(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 360 Q +F5 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 307.2 Q(ernel')-.1 -E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 324 R F5(job)5.024 -E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 336 R F3(jobs) -2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F3(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F5(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 348 Q -(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 364.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\ -mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\ -ciated)108 381.6 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 393.6 R .732 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 372 Q(ernel')-.1 E +2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E +F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 388.8 R F5(job) +5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 400.8 R F2 +(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F2(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F5(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 412.8 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 429.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ +ociated)108 446.4 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 458.4 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 405.6 Q F5(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 422.4 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 434.4 R F5(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 470.4 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 +(To f)108 487.2 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.87(notion of a)108 499.2 R F5(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -446.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 458.4 Q -F2(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F5(for) -3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.926 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 -F .145(group ID dif)108 470.4 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 482.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +511.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 523.2 Q +F4(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F5(for) +3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.927 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 +F .146(group ID dif)108 535.2 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 547.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 494.4 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 506.4 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 -G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 518.4 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 535.2 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 547.2 S -.302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 559.2 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +.717(terminal are sent a)108 571.2 R F3 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 +G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 583.2 Q 1.088 +(If the operating system on which)108 600 R F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 +(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 612 S +.301(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) +3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 559.2 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 624 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ -mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -571.2 R(to)108 583.2 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 636 +R(to)108 648 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 595.2 R F3(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F3(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F3(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 607.2 Q .948(fect immediately) --.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 +(background, the)108 660 R F2(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F2(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F2(^Z) +3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 672 Q .949(fect immediately)-.25 +F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 619.2 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 636 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 648 Q -F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F5(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 684 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 700.8 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 712.8 +Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F5(n)3.818 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 660 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E F0 -.59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 672 Q F3(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E -5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F3(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F3(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 684 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F3(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 -(in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 696 Q F3(bash) -2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F3(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F3(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 -(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -F5(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 708 R .495 -(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F5(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 720 R F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 5.787 -(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F3(%+) -3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(37)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +108 724.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E +(37)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .257 -(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al) -2.756 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A -.41(and the pre)108 96 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 -5.41(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(stopped)108 84 Q +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463 +(fap)-5.964 G .963(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash) +3.463 E F0 .963(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E +F1(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F +.086(hand, refers to an)108 96 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +(in its command line.)2.587 F .087 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 108 Q F1(bash) +2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w) +.23 G .018(hich is)-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 120 +R .495(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.) +-.15 F(The)5.495 E F2(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 +.495(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 132 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 +5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E +.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 144 R F1 +(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 +(and the pre)108 156 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.911 E F0 +5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 108 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 124.8 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -136.8 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 148.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 165.6 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 177.6 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 189.6 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 -.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -201.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 218.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 -(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 -(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 230.4 R F1 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 -(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -242.4 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 254.4 R .604 +(rent job)108 168 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 184.8 R +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +196.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F +(equi)108 208.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 225.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 237.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 249.6 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 +(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 +.148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 +261.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 278.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532 +(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 290.4 R F1 +(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 +(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +302.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 314.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 266.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E -.644(When the shell is w)108 283.2 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E 1.146(return when the job changes state. The)108 295.2 R +(and an)108 326.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +.645(When the shell is w)108 343.2 R .645 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 +(will)3.144 E 1.146(return when the job changes state. The)108 355.2 R F13.646 E F0 1.146(option causes)3.646 F F1(wait)3.646 E F0 1.146 (to w)3.646 F 1.146(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F -(before returning.)108 307.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 324 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E -F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 348 R F2(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F2(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 360 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.538 E -F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 372 R F1 -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(before returning.)108 367.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 384 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E +F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 +(and the secondary prompt)108 408 R F3(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F1(Bash)5.428 E +F0(displays)2.928 E F3(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 +(it reads a command b)108 420 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.038(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.537 E +F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 432 R F1 +3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)108 384 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 396 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 396 Q F1(\\d)144 408 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 408 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 420 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A -F1(})A F0(the)180 432 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F -F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 -(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -444 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 +as follo)108 444 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 456 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 456 Q F1(\\d)144 468 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 468 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 480 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 492 +Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime)3.927 E F0 +1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B +(empty)180 504 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 456 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 456 Q F1(\\h)144 468 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 468 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 480 Q F0 -(the hostname)180 480 Q F1(\\j)144 492 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 492 Q F1(\\l)144 -504 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 504 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 516 Q F0(ne)180 516 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 528 Q F0(carriage return)180 528 Q F1(\\s)144 540 Q F0 -(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 540 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 516 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 516 Q F1(\\h)144 528 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 528 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 540 Q F0 +(the hostname)180 540 Q F1(\\j)144 552 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 552 Q F1(\\l)144 +564 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 564 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 576 Q F0(ne)180 576 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 588 Q F0(carriage return)180 588 Q F1(\\s)144 600 Q F0 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 600 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -552 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 552 Q F1(\\T) -144 564 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 564 Q F1 -(\\@)144 576 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 576 Q F1 -(\\A)144 588 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 588 Q F1 -(\\u)144 600 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 600 Q F1(\\v)144 -612 Q F0(the v)180 612 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 624 Q F0(the release of)180 624 Q F1 +612 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 612 Q F1(\\T) +144 624 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 624 Q F1 +(\\@)144 636 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 636 Q F1 +(\\A)144 648 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 648 Q F1 +(\\u)144 660 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 660 Q F1(\\v)144 +672 Q F0(the v)180 672 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 684 Q F0(the release of)180 684 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 636 Q F0 .116(the current w) -180 636 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E F2 -($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) --.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 648 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 660 Q F0 -(the basename of the current w)180 660 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) --.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) --.25 E F1(\\!)144 672 Q F0(the history number of this command)180 672 Q -F1(\\#)144 684 Q F0(the command number of this command)180 684 Q F1(\\$) -144 696 Q F0(if the ef)180 696 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H -(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E -(\\)144 708 Q F4(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 708 Q F4(nnn)2.5 E -F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(38)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 696 Q F0 .115(the current w) +180 696 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E F3 +($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) +-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 708 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 +E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(38)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\\\)144 84 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 84 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 96 Q F0 -(be)180 96 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which cou\ -ld be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) -180 108 Q F1(\\])144 120 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) -180 120 Q .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif) -108 136.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F -1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ - from the history \214le \(see)108 148.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST) -4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 160.8 Q .541(w\), while the co\ -mmand number is the position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546 -(rent shell session.)108 172.8 R .546 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 +SF(\\W)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 84 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 96 Q +F0(the history number of this command)180 96 Q F1(\\#)144 108 Q F0 +(the command number of this command)180 108 Q F1(\\$)144 120 Q F0 +(if the ef)180 120 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E +F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 132 Q/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 132 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E +F1(\\\\)144 144 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 144 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 156 Q +F0(be)180 156 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ +could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F +(control sequence into the prompt)180 168 Q F1(\\])144 180 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 180 Q .119 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 196.8 R +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 208.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 220.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 232.8 R +.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 184.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 244.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F .471(description of the)108 196.8 R F1(shopt)2.971 E F0 .471 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F .472(description of the)108 256.8 R F1(shopt)2.972 E F0 .471 (command under)2.971 F F2 .471(SHELL B)2.971 F(UIL)-.09 E .471 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.721 E 2.971(w\). This)-.25 F .472 -(can ha)2.972 F .772 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) -108 208.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.721 E 2.971(w\). This)-.25 F .471 +(can ha)2.971 F .771 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) +108 268.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 -220.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 237.6 Q F0 .15 +280.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) +72 297.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 249.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 261.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F --.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 -(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 273.6 Q .851 +108 309.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 321.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 +(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 333.6 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 285.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 345.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 297.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 357.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 309.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 326.4 Q +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E +(emacs)108 369.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 386.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 338.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 -(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 350.4 R -(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 -(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 -(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) -108 362.4 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) -3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F -F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 --.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 -(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 374.4 R F4 .599 -(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 -(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 -(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G -.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F -(the Control k)108 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 -(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62 -(Readline commands may be gi)108 403.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G -(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619 -(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108 -415.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +108 398.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 410.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 422.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 434.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 446.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) +108 475.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 427.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 487.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 439.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 499.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 456 R F4 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 516 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 468 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 528 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 480 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 540 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 492 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 508.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 520.8 -R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 532.8 R .196(en from the v) +108 552 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 568.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 580.8 +R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 592.8 R .196(en from the v) -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 544.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 556.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) -6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 -(lines are ignored.)108 568.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +nd the k)108 604.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 616.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 +(lines are ignored.)108 628.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 580.8 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 640.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 597.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr) +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 657.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 609.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 626.4 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 655.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -667.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 679.2 -Q F4(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) -108 696 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 --.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC) -3.761 E F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 -E F4(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 708 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.5 E -F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F4 --.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 724.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 -(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(39)197.335 E -0 Cg EP +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 669.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 686.4 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 715.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +727.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(39)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pressed \(a)108 84 -Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 100.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 112.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 -(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 124.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) --.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 -136.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 -(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or) -3.353 E F1(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 148.8 Q .16 -(When using the form)108 165.6 R F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F1(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 --.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 177.6 R(or e) --.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 213.6 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 225.6 Q .699 -(In the abo)108 242.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u) -3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) --.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 254.4 Q F2 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1 -(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(into the)108 84 Q +/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G +(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) +-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)108 100.8 R 1.261 +(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G +(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 +E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E +F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 112.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 +(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G +(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 +129.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G +2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) +-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 141.6 Q F1(macr) +2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 158.4 Q +(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 170.4 R +.666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 +E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 +(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) +108 182.4 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 +(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) +5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 194.4 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 +(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) +3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 206.4 Q .161(When using the form)108 223.2 R F2 +-.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 +E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16 +(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-) +.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 235.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) +144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 271.2 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 283.2 Q .698(In the abo)108 300 R .998 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 312 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) +2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258 +(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -266.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 283.2 R F2("k)2.556 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) -2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 295.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +324 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 340.8 R F2("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 352.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 307.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 -(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 319.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 343.2 Q -.15(ve) +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 364.8 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 376.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 355.2 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 367.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 384 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) -3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 412.8 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 441.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 396 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(ESC [ 1 1 ~) -3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3(Function Key 1) -2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 -412.8 Q F2<5c43ad>144 424.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 424.8 Q F2<5c4dad> -144 436.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 436.8 Q F2(\\e)144 448.8 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 448.8 Q F2(\\\\)144 460.8 Q F0(backslash)180 -460.8 Q F2(\\")144 472.8 Q F0(literal ")180 472.8 Q F2<5c08>144 484.8 Q -F0(literal \010)180 484.8 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ -equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 501.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 513.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 513.6 Q F2(\\b) -144 525.6 Q F0(backspace)180 525.6 Q F2(\\d)144 537.6 Q F0(delete)180 -537.6 Q F2(\\f)144 549.6 Q F0(form feed)180 549.6 Q F2(\\n)144 561.6 Q -F0(ne)180 561.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 573.6 Q F0(carriage return)180 -573.6 Q F2(\\t)144 585.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 585.6 Q F2(\\v)144 -597.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 597.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 609.6 Q F1 -(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 609.6 Q +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 453.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 470.4 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 482.4 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 482.4 Q F2<5c4dad>144 494.4 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 494.4 Q F2(\\e)144 506.4 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 506.4 Q F2(\\\\)144 518.4 Q F0(backslash)180 +518.4 Q F2(\\")144 530.4 Q F0(literal ")180 530.4 Q F2<5c08>144 542.4 Q +F0(literal \010)180 542.4 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 559.2 Q -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 571.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 571.2 Q F2(\\b) +144 583.2 Q F0(backspace)180 583.2 Q F2(\\d)144 595.2 Q F0(delete)180 +595.2 Q F2(\\f)144 607.2 Q F0(form feed)180 607.2 Q F2(\\n)144 619.2 Q +F0(ne)180 619.2 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 631.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 +631.2 Q F2(\\t)144 643.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 643.2 Q F2(\\v)144 +655.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 655.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 667.2 Q F1 +(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 667.2 Q (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 621.6 Q F1(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 621.6 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 679.2 Q F1(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 679.2 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 -638.4 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 650.4 R .089 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 -F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) --.15 G(are e)108 662.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 -E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 679.2 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 -(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 --.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 691.2 R .345 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.546 E F0 .046 -(option to the)2.546 F F2(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 703.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(40)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 +696 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indi\ +cate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 708 R .09 +(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) +5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 720 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F +(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(40)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Readline V)87 84 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 96 R -.043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F +SF(Bash)108 84 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +.729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 96 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 108 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(Readline V)87 124.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 136.8 +R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E -(tr)108 108 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1 -(set)144 124.8 Q F2(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 -136.8 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 153.6 R .79 -(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1 -(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 -165.6 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F -.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 177.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 +(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.554 E +(tr)108 148.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E +F1(set)144 165.6 Q F3(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 +177.6 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2 +(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 +E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 194.4 R .79(ariables can tak) +-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or) +3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79 +(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 206.4 R .448 +(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 -(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -189.6 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 206.4 Q F0 .011 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 218.4 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 -E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 230.4 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 -3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) --.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 242.4 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 254.4 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 266.4 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ -s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 278.4 Q -.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 +(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +230.4 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 247.2 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 259.2 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) +2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 271.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E +F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 283.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 295.2 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 307.2 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 319.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 290.4 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 302.4 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 331.2 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 343.2 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 314.4 Q F1(color)108 326.4 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 355.2 Q F1(color)108 367.2 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 338.4 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +144 379.2 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.935(completions using a dif)144 350.4 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 362.4 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 374.4 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 386.4 R F1(On)4.08 E -F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 -F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. 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The)144 439.2 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) +-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 451.2 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 463.2 R +F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 475.2 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) -108 446.4 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ -ble matches when performing completion.)144 458.4 R .193(The v)144 470.4 +108 487.2 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ +ble matches when performing completion.)144 499.2 R .194(The v)144 511.2 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ -l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 482.4 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 494.4 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 506.4 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +l screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 523.2 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 535.2 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 547.2 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 518.4 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 -530.4 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 559.2 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 +571.2 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) 2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 -F(\()144 542.4 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) +.093(yphens \()-.05 F F3A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 +F(\()144 583.2 Q F3(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 -H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 554.4 Q +H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 595.2 Q (e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ -splayed)144 566.4 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 578.4 R 1.275 -(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 590.4 S(lue are rep\ +splayed)144 607.2 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 619.2 R 1.274 +(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 631.2 S(lue are rep\ laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 602.4 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 614.4 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 626.4 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) -3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 -(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 -638.4 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ -qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 650.4 S .237 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 643.2 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 655.2 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 667.2 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 679.2 R +.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 662.4 Q F1(con)108 -674.4 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 686.4 -R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 --.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 -(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 698.4 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 710.4 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 -(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 703.2 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(41)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 96 R F1 -(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +SF(con)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to) +144 96 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F +.912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) +144 108 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 120 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E +(ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E +F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 +E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 132 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 144 R +F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 108 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 120 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G -1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +144 156 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 168 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 144 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 156 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 168 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 180 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 192 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 204 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.018 G .517 -(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 -F .622(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti) -144 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622 -(alue is e)-.25 F .622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 228 -S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F .839 -(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 240 S 2.798 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 192 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 204 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 216 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 228 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 240 Q F0 .517(If the)144 252 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +.25 F .622 +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 264 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F +.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 276 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F +.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 288 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 252 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 264 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 -1.222(When set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +144 300 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 +1.221(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 -(it had been read from the k)144 300 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 +(paste into the editing b)144 336 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 +(it had been read from the k)144 348 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 312 Q F1(enable\255k)108 324 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 -(When set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 360 Q F1(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 348 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 360 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 384 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 396 Q F0(If set to)144 408 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 420 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 432 R F1(On) -3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 444 Q -.15 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 480 R F1(On) +3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 492 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 456 Q F0 .949 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 468 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 480 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) -2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 492 R .277(By def)5.278 F -.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 504 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F -3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 -(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 516 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 528 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 540 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(history\255size \(unset\))108 504 Q F0 .948 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) +2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.277 F +.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 +(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 552 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 564 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 576 -Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 588 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ + ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 612 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 +Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 600 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) -144 612 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) +144 660 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 -(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 -(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 624 Q F1 -(isear)108 636 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 +(isear)108 684 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.935(ing the character as a command.)144 660 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 672 Q F2 -(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 684 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 696 -R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 708 R F0 2.568(,a)C -(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 -(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 720 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C -1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) -4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +ental search without subsequently e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 708 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 720 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(42)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(af)144 84 Q -(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ke)108 96 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368 -(Speci\214es the duration)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re) -2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 120 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.1(ke)108 84 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 +(Set the current readline k)144 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F +2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 +(map names is).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 108 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 +(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) +4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 132 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 144 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 156 R +F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 168 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 132 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 180 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 144 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 192 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 156 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 204 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 168 R(alue,)-.25 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 216 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 180 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 192 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 204 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 228 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 240 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 252 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 -228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 264 Q F0(If set to)144 +276 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 240 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 288 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 264 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 312 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 276 Q F0 .192(This v)144 288 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 300 R .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 324 Q F0 .193(This v)144 336 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 348 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 312 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 324 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 360 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 372 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 348 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 360 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 396 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 408 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 384 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 432 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 396 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 408 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 420 R F1(On) +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 456 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 468 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 432 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 444 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 -F(order)144 468 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 480 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .699(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +(tions at a time.)144 480 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 492 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 +F(order)144 516 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 528 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .698(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 504 S +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 552 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 516 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 540 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 564 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 576 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 588 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 552 R(bell.)144 564 Q F1 -(sho)108 576 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 588 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 600 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C -4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 600 R(bell.)144 612 Q F1 +(sho)108 624 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 636 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 648 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 612 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 660 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 624 Q F1 -(sho)108 636 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 -(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 672 Q F1 +(sho)108 684 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 +(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 660 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E -(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 684 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 696 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 708 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 720 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(command, or vi insertion.)144 708 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(43)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 84 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 +SF(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 96 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 108 Q +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 120 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 132 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 144 Q F0 .518(If the)144 +156 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -108 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475(The v) -5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 120 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.735 -(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 132 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F -.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ +168 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476(The v) +5.476 F(alue)-.25 E 1.236(is e)144 180 R 1.236(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.736 +(eak)-.1 G 1.536 -.15(ey b)-3.836 H 1.236 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.235 +(es and backslash)-.15 F .314(escape sequences is a)144 192 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.814(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.814 F +.315(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 144 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 156 Q F0 .517 -(If the)144 168 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.017 G .518 +144 204 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 216 Q F0 .518 +(If the)144 228 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +-.25(va)3.018 G .517 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -180 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) -5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 192 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F -4.429(eak)-.1 G 2.229 -.15(ey b)-4.529 H 1.929 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.93 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 204 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F -.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ +240 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) +5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 252 S 1.93(panded lik).15 F 4.43 +(eak)-.1 G 2.23 -.15(ey b)-4.53 H 1.929 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.929 +(es and backslash)-.15 F .314(escape sequences is a)144 264 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.814(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.814 F +.315(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 216 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 -240 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le') +144 276 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 +300 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le') -3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 252 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 268.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 280.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 292.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(when listing possible completions.)144 312 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 328.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 340.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 352.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 321.6 Q F0(The)144 321.6 Q F1($if)2.963 -E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 381.6 Q F0(The)144 381.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 333.6 Q(The te)5 E +(or the application using readline.)144 393.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 345.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ +(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 405.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 362.4 Q F0(The)180 362.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) -3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +144 422.4 Q F0(The)180 422.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) +3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 374.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) +3.065(mode. This)180 434.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 386.4 R +(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 446.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 398.4 Q F1(term)144 415.2 Q F0(The)180 415.2 Q -F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 427.2 R +(out in emacs mode.)180 458.4 Q F1(term)144 475.2 Q F0(The)180 475.2 Q +F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 487.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 439.2 Q F1(=)3.232 -E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 499.2 Q F1(=)3.231 +E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -451.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +511.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 468 S(rsion).1 E F0(The) -180 480 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 492 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)3.929 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.929 G 1.428 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.428 -(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 504 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0 -2.605(,\()C(and)-2.605 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 528 S(rsion).1 E F0(The) +180 540 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 552 Q F1 -.1 +(ve)3.928 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.928 G 1.428 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.429 +(set of comparison operators)3.929 F(includes)180 564 Q F1(=)2.606 E F0 +2.606(,\()C(and)-2.606 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1 (<=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(>=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(<)2.606 E F0 2.606(,a)C(nd) -2.606 E F1(>)2.606 E F0 5.106(.T)C .106(he v)-5.106 F .106 -(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.472 -(of the operator consists of a major v)180 516 R 1.471(ersion number) --.15 F 3.971(,a)-.4 G 3.971(no)-3.971 G 1.471 -(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 528 R -.766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B -.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A -1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 540 R F1 -.1(ve) -4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number) --.15 F(ar)180 552 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 -568.8 Q F0(The)180 580.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.471 +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 576 R 1.471(ersion number) +-.15 F 3.972(,a)-.4 G 3.972(no)-3.972 G 1.472 +(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.972 F .767(optional minor v)180 588 R +.767(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.267 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B +.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.266 E F0(.)A +1.755(The operator may be separated from the string)180 600 R F1 -.1(ve) +4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.756(and from the v)4.256 F 1.756(ersion number) +-.15 F(ar)180 612 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 +628.8 Q F0(The)180 640.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -592.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -604.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 616.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +652.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) +180 664.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F +.396(ci\214c program.)180 676.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 628.8 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 652.8 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 664.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 676.8 Q F1($endif)180 -688.8 Q F2(variable)144 705.6 Q F0(The)180 717.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E -F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E 1.901(The permitted comparison operators are)180 -729.6 R F2(=)4.401 E F0(,)A F2(==)4.401 E F0 4.401(,a)C(nd)-4.401 E F2 -(!=)4.401 E F0 6.901(.T)C 1.901(he v)-6.901 F 1.9(ariable name must be) --.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 688.8 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 712.8 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 724.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(44)200.665 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.448(separated f\ -rom the comparison operator by whitespace; the operator may be separate\ -d)180 84 R .833(from the v)180 96 R .833 -(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .833 -(Both string and boolean v)5.833 F(ariables)-.25 E -(may be tested. Boolean v)180 108 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E -(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.5 E F0 -(and)2.5 E F1(of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($endif)108 -124.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 124.8 Q(vious e)-.25 E -(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F2($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2($else) -108 141.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 141.6 Q F2($if)2.5 E -F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 158.4 Q F0 .356 -(This directi)144 170.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($endif)180 +96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 112.8 Q F0(The)180 124.8 Q F2 +(variable)3.777 E F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +136.8 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08 +(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 148.8 R .129 +(the v)180 160.8 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 +F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F +(tested. Boolean v)180 172.8 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 189.6 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) +144 189.6 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 206.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) +144 206.4 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 +223.2 Q F0 .357(This directi)144 235.2 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E +.357(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 182.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F1(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F2 -($include)144 206.4 Q F1(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F2(Sear)87 223.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 235.2 R .835 +144 247.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 +($include)144 271.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 288 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 300 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 247.2 Q -(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F1(incr)2.51 E -(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F1(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 264 R .697 +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 312 Q +(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E +(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 +E .698(Incremental searches be)108 328.8 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 276 R .112 +.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 340.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 288 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 -(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 300 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F2(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 352.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F +5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 364.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 312 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 376.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 324 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096(When the search is) -5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ -mes the current line.)108 336 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 352.8 T 1.339(nd \ -other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ - as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 -364.8 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F -.674(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E -5.674(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 376.8 R .474 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .174 +F .096(mental search.)108 388.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 +(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 400.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +108 417.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 +(search backw)108 429.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 441.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 388.8 R F1(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 400.8 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 417.6 -R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) --3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 429.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E +.54(instance, a)108 453.6 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 +465.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 +482.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 494.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 446.4 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 511.2 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 458.4 Q F2(Readline Command Names)87 475.2 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 487.2 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 523.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 540 Q F0 1.392 +(The follo)108 552 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 499.2 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 511.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 523.2 Q F0 2.5 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 564 R .121 +(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 576 Q F2(point)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)3.411 +E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db) +.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 588 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 540 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 552 Q F0(Mo)144 564 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 576 Q F0(Mo)144 588 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 600 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -624 Q F0(Mo)144 636 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F2 -.25(fo)108 648 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 660 -Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 -(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 672 Q F2(backward\255w)108 684 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 696 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(45)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 604.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 616.8 Q F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 640.8 Q F0(Mo)144 652.8 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 +664.8 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 688.8 Q F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(45)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255f)108 84 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .784 --.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484 -(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W)-.1 F .484 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F(ters.)144 108 -Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q .908 --.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 -(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 144 Q -F1(pr)108 156 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.891(Attempt to mo)144 168 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 +SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q +.822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523 +(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 +(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 108 Q F1(backward\255w)108 120 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 144 Q F1(shell\255f)108 156 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 168 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) +-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F +(ters.)144 180 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 192 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +204 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 216 Q +F1(pr)108 228 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 +.89(Attempt to mo)144 240 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 (oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F -.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha) -144 180 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 -(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G -3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 192 Q(ysical line or if\ +.891(vious ph)-.25 F .891(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87 +(This will not ha)144 252 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F +.87(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 264 Q(ysical line or if\ point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ -th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 204 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 -(Attempt to mo)144 216 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph) -.15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637 -(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 228 R .309 -.15 +th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 276 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 +(Attempt to mo)144 288 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637(oint to the same ph) +.15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .638(xt ph)-.15 F .638 +(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)144 300 R .309 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G -2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ -length of the prompt plus)144 240 R(the screen width.)144 252 Q F1 -(clear\255scr)108 264 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 276 R .993 +length of the prompt plus)144 312 R(the screen width.)144 324 Q F1 +(clear\255scr)108 336 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 348 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 288 Q F1 -.18(re)108 300 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 360 Q F1 -.18(re)108 372 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -312 Q F1(Commands f)87 328.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 340.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 352.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +384 Q F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 412.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 424.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 364.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 436.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 376.8 Q F1(pr)108 -388.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 400.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 412.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 424.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 448.8 Q F1(pr)108 +460.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 472.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 484.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 496.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 436.8 Q F0(Mo)144 448.8 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 508.8 Q F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 460.8 Q F0(Mo)144 472.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 532.8 Q F0(Mo)144 544.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 484.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 496.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +(re v)108 556.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.47(Search backw)144 568.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 508.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 520.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 532.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 544.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 556.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) -144 568.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 580.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 592.8 Q +(This is an incremental search.)144 580.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 592.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 604.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 616.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 628.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) +144 640.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 652.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 664.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 604.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 676.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -616.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 628.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 640.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +688.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 700.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 712.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 652.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 664.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) -144 676.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ -etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 688.8 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 700.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 712.8 R .951 -(ard through the history for the string of characters between the start\ - of the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the) -144 724.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B -.007(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(46)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(and the point.)144 724.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(46)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(line. This)144 -84 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(history\255substring\255sear)108 96 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.249(Search forw)144 108 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 -(and the point.)144 120 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) -5.319 F(search.)144 132 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 144 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 156 R .622 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\ +een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) +108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard \ +through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ +he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 144 +R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +(line. This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 +.248(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 +(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) +5.318 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 -168 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F -F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794 -(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 180 Q .292 -(vious command be)-.25 F .292(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F -2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H --.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B -.291(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 192 R .281 -(vious command.)-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 -E F0 .281(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 204 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 216 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 228 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 240 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 -F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 -E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 252 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 +240 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.294 E F0 +3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 264 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 +E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 264 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 276 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 348 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 288 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -300 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 312 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 324 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 336 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 348 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 360 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 384 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 396 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 -(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 408 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 420 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 432 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 444 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 456 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 468 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 480 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 492 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 456 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 468 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 +(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(belo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 504 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 504 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 516 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 528 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 576 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 +(history for editing.)144 600 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 540 Q F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 552 Q F0(In)144 -564 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +-.18 F(the current line.)144 612 Q F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 624 Q F0(In)144 +636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 576 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +(attempts to in)144 648 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) -.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 (and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 592.8 Q(or Changing T) --.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 604.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 616.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 628.8 R -.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 640.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 652.8 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 664.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 676.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) --2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 688.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 700.8 R -5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 712.8 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(47)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 664.8 Q(or Changing T) +-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 676.8 Q F1 +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 688.8 R .799 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 +(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 700.8 R +.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 712.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(47)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 96 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 108 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 120 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -132 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) +SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .442 +(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 +E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) +108 120 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 +(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 +(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 +(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C -(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 144 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 156 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 168 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 180 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 192 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 204 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 216 R .321 +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C +(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) +108 276 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 (ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 228 -R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 240 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 +R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 312 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 252 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -264 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 276 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 288 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 300 +(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +336 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) +-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 312 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 324 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 336 Q 1.647 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 360 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 372 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.648 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 396 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 408 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 420 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 432 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 444 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 456 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 468 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -484.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 496.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 508.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 520.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 532.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 544.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 556.8 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 492 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 +(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) +-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1 +(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G +1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G +(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 +516 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 +(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 +(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 528 R .958 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 +F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 556.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 568.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -580.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 592.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 604.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 616.8 S +652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 628.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 640.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 652.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 664.8 -R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 676.8 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 700.8 R 3.025 -(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(48)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(48)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(unix\255w)108 84 Q(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w) -144 96 R .364(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365 -(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365 -(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he) --2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 108 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 120 Q -F0 .167(Kill the w)144 132 R .166 +SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) +108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025 +(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 168 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 +204 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 144 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 216 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 156 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 168 Q F1(kill\255r)108 180 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 192 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 204 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 216 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 228 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 240 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G -2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 252 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 264 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 -F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) --.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 288 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 300 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 312 S +(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 +G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 +E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 324 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 348 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F +2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 +G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 +(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 324 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 336 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 352.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 364.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 376.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 400.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 412.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .778(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -424.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -436.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 448.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 460.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 472.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 544.8 R .823 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 484.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 501.6 Q(complete \(T)108 513.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 525.6 R 1.137 +87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 537.6 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 549.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 621.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 561.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 573.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 585.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 597.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 609.6 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -621.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 633.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -645.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +717.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 657.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 669.6 R .828 -(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 681.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 -3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F -.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 693.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 -(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 705.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) -5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(49)197.335 E 0 -Cg EP +1.194(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 July 8)151.505 E(49)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(menu\255complete\255backward)108 84 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 96 R F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 +(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F +.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 +(n)3.227 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 +(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 +-.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q +(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 +2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1 (menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 108 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +(menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 120 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 132 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 168 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 180 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 192 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 204 Q +204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 216 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 228 Q +(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 240 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q +108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -264 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q +312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 288 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q +(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 312 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 336 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 360 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 384 R +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .58 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 396 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 408 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 432 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 456 Q F1(dab)108 468 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 480 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 492 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 504 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 516 R(the list is a)144 528 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 544.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 556.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 568.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 580.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 592.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 616.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 628.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 640.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 652.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 669.6 Q -.18(re)108 681.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 693.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 -(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(50)197.335 E 0 Cg -EP +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 +E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E +(50)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.749 -(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 108 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 120 Q(wer)-.1 E -(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739 -(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.239 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 -F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) +SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) +-.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.249 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R +5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 168 Q(wer)-.1 E +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.238 +E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 +F(meta\214ed lo)144 192 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) -5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E -(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 -(Metafy the ne)144 168 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 204 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 180 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 192 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 228 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 240 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 252 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 264 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 276 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 312 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 288 Q F0(Sw)144 -300 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 +348 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 336 S -.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 384 S +.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 348 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 360 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 372 S 1.044 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 420 S 1.043 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 384 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 408 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 420 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.827 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 444 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 456 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) --.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .245 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 -(the characters at the be)144 504 R .321 +516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .244 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 +(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 528 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 552 Q -.15 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .839 +(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 564 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 576 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 588 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 624 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 600 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 612 R .176 +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 660 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 624 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 636 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 648 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 660 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 672 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 684 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 696 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 708 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 720 Q -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F2(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(51)197.335 E -0 Cg EP +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(51)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dump\255v)108 84 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 1.799 -(Print all of the settable readline v)144 96 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 108 R .304 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S +(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) +5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 156 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -144 120 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 132 Q(os)-.18 E -F0 .592(Print all of the readline k)144 144 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 156 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 204 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 168 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 180 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 192 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 208.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -220.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 232.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 244.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 261.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -273.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .498 +(If the command w)5.498 F .497 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 +321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 285.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 297.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 309.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) +5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .822 +(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F +.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 321.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 -(option to)108 333.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 +G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0 .057 +(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 345.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 -F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 -357.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ -d to generate the list of matching w)108 374.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F -3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 386.4 Q +F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 +405.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ +d to generate the list of matching w)108 422.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F +3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 434.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 403.2 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 415.2 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 451.2 R +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 427.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 444 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +(shell v)108 475.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 492 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 456 S -.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 -(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 468 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 484.8 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -496.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 504 S +.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 516 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 532.8 Q +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 544.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 508.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -520.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 556.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 +568.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -532.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 544.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 561.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 573.6 R -.2 +580.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 592.8 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 +(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E +F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 621.6 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 585.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -597.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 609.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C -2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 621.6 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) --2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 633.6 -R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 645.6 R -.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) +-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 681.6 +R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 693.6 R +.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 657.6 Q(An)108 674.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 686.4 Q F1 -(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 -698.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 715.2 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) --2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 727.2 -R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ -d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(52)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(52)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(to escape a ne)108 -84 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 100.8 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF2.877 E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F -3.182(list. The)108 112.8 R .682 -(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681(xpansion; a) --.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 -F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522(the w)108 124.8 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 -F 3.022(Al)5.522 G(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456 +(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456 +(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(COMPREPL)108 96 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E +(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 +F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1 +2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di) +.1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi) +.4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It) +108 124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to t\ +he standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F +(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 153.6 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 165.6 R +.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 +(the w)108 177.6 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 136.8 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 148.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 189.6 +R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 160.8 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -177.6 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +230.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 189.6 Q .246 -(If the pre)108 206.4 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .247 +(If the pre)108 259.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 218.4 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 235.2 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F +F1(complete)108 271.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 +F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 247.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 264 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 276 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E -F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 288 R .558 -(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 -F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 300 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 300 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 316.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 312 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 324 -Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E -.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ -d, the programmable completion func-)108 340.8 R .632(tions force readl\ -ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ -rectories, subject)108 352.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 364.8 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 376.8 +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 +376.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .633(tions force\ + readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ + to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 429.6 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -393.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 -(tion with a def)108 405.6 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +446.4 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 458.4 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ -uld be retried by returning an e)108 417.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +uld be retried by returning an e)108 470.4 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 429.6 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 441.6 R .666 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -453.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 465.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .666 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 +506.4 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F +.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 482.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 494.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 547.2 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 511.2 Q({)108 523.2 Q 6 -(.")144 535.2 S -(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -547.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -559.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 588 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 600 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 -(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to 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The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 528 Q .146 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 492 R .766 -(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 504 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .767 +(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F5(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) --.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 516 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538 -(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f)-.1 F -.538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 528 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F .538 +(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f)-.1 F +.539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 (-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1 -F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 540 R .355 +F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 588 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) -3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 552 -R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) +3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 +600 R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ -tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 564 R -(string.)108 576 Q(Se)108 592.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 612 R +(string.)108 624 Q(Se)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 604.8 T -3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 652.8 T +3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.162 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 616.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 633.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.609 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 645.6 R F3 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 693.6 R F3 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F3(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 657.6 R -5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F -1.516(is reloaded into the)108 669.6 R F3 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E -F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F3 -.18(re)4.015 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F3(histr)108 681.6 -Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 705.6 R +5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 +(is reloaded into the)108 717.6 R F3 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 +1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) +-.25 F(If)6.516 E F3 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 +(is being used, and the)4.016 F F3(histr)108 729.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 +1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 693.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F33.661 E F0 1.161 -(option to the)3.661 F F3(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 705.6 -S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F32.555 -E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F3(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G -.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 717.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21) -148.175 E(54)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 July 8)151.505 E(54)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.2 -(The shell allo)108 84 R 2.2(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2 -(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 2.2 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 96 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B -1.147(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 108 Q F1 -(Ev)87 124.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 136.8 R -.15(ve) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S +-.25(ff).2 G 1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF3.66 E F0 1.16(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.661 G 1.161(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15 +(ex)108 96 S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F1 +2.556 E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.555 G .055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 124.8 R 2.2 +(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 +136.8 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1 +(Ev)87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 165.6 -Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 165.6 R 1.607 + history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) +108 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 206.4 +Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.608 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 177.6 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 218.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)144 189.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 -201.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 201.6 Q F2(n) -2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 213.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 213.6 Q +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)144 230.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 +242.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 242.4 Q F2(n) +2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 254.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 254.4 Q (vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) -108 225.6 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ -ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 225.6 R -F2(string)144 237.6 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 249.6 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A +108 266.4 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ +ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 266.4 R +F2(string)144 278.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 290.4 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positio\ -n in the history list containing)144 261.6 R F2(string)144 273.6 Q F0 5 +n in the history list containing)144 302.4 R F2(string)144 314.4 Q F0 5 (.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2 (string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.) --.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 290.6 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2 -(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 297.6 R .784 -(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) -3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F2(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .783(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 309.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 +-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 331.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2 +(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 338.4 R .783 +(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) +3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 +E -.25(va)-.25 G .784(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 350.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 (string1)A F0(/)A F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 321.6 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 321.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 338.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 350.4 S 1.313 +(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 362.4 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 362.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 379.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 391.2 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 -(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.53(from the w)108 362.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 +(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.529(from the w)108 403.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 -(are numbered from the be)108 374.4 R 1.3 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 -F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 386.4 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 403.2 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 415.2 Q -2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 427.2 Q F0(The)144 427.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 439.2 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 439.2 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 451.2 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 451.2 -R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 -(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 463.2 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 475.2 Q F0(The w)144 475.2 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) --.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 487.2 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 -2.5(Ar)144 487.2 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C -(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 499.2 Q F0 -.315(All of the w)144 499.2 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 -F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 511.2 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 415.2 R 1.301 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 427.2 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 444 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 456 Q 2.5 +(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2 +(n)108.36 468 Q F0(The)144 468 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) +108 480 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 480 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 492 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 492 R 2.563 +(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 +F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064 +(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 504 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%) +108 516 Q F0(The w)144 516 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2 +(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 528 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 +528 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E +(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 540 Q F0 .316 +(All of the w)144 540 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 +(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 552 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -523.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 523.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<78ad>108 535.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 535.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 -(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E -(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 552 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E +564 Q F0(Abbre)144 564 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad> +108 576 Q F0(Abbre)144 576 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E +(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E +(If a w)108 592.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 568.8 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 580.8 R .184 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 592.8 Q F1(h)108 -609.6 Q F0(Remo)144 609.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(Modi\214ers)87 609.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 621.6 R .183 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 633.6 Q F1(h)108 +650.4 Q F0(Remo)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 621.6 Q F0(Remo)144 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 662.4 Q F0(Remo)144 662.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 633.6 Q F0(Remo)144 633.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 674.4 Q F0(Remo)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 645.6 Q F0(Remo)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 686.4 Q F0(Remo)144 686.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -657.6 Q F0(Print the ne)144 657.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 669.6 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 669.6 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 681.6 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 681.6 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) -2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 693.6 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 705.6 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) -3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 717.6 R .617 -(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 729.6 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) -3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 -(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 -(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(55) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +698.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 698.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 710.4 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 710.4 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 July 8)151.505 E(55)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .275 -(single backslash will quote the &.)144 84 R(If)5.275 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last) -3.544 F F1(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G -2.774(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 96 Q F1(string)2.84 -E F0(in a)2.72 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!?)2.5 E F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 -(search.)5 E F2(&)108 108 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 108 Q -(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 120 Q F0 .397 -(Cause changes to be applied o)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G -.398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F .398 -(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C -(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 132 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F2(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219(used with `) -3.719 F F2(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 144 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F2(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F2(g)144 156 Q F0(.)A -F2(G)108 168 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 168 Q(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(x)108 84 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 84 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1 +(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 +E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 108 Q F2(ne) +3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old) +2.951 E F0 .221(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An) +5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616 +(of /.)144 120 R .617 +(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +F .666(be quoted in)144 132 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 +E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 +(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 144 R(If) +5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775(fn) +-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 156 Q F2(string)2.84 +E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) +108 168 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 168 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) +108 180 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 192 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 204 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 216 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 228 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 228 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 ('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 184.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 196.8 +(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 244.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 256.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F2108 208.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F23.077 E F0 -.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F2(:)3.077 E -F0(,)A F2(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F2(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E -F2(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F2([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 220.8 R F2 -2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F2(exit) -2.961 E F0(,)A F2(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A -F2(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F2(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 232.8 R .26 -(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F22.76 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.76 F F22.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 +receded by)-.2 F F1108 268.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 +.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E +F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E +F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 280.8 R F1 +2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) +2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A +F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 292.8 R .261 +(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) -108 244.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F2 +108 304.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 -(lid options and require).25 F F23.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 -256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 274.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 286.8 R .451 +(lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 +316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 334.8 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 346.8 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 298.8 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 315.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 327.6 Q(ce)-.18 E -F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 339.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F1 +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 358.8 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 375.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 387.6 Q(ce)-.18 E +F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 399.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 351.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 -(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F1 +(status of the last command e)144 411.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 +(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2 (\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F -.608(names in)144 363.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F1 +.608(names in)144 423.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 375.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.332 F F1 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 -(\214le is found in)144 387.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -399.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F1 -(\214lename)144 411.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 435.6 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +(\214le is found in)144 447.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +459.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 471.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F24.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 423.6 Q F2(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) -3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F2(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 483.6 Q F1(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) +3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 -(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 435.6 R F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F -F2(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F22.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 447.6 R F2(DEB)3.935 E +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 +(trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 +(restored around the call to)144 495.6 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F +F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 +(cutes. If).15 F F12.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 507.6 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F2(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 -(completes. The)144 459.6 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 471.6 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 488.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 500.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.225 E -F1(name)144 512.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 +(completes. The)144 519.6 R 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 531.6 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 548.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 560.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +F2(name)144 572.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 524.4 Q F1(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value) +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 584.4 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 536.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 548.4 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 560.4 Q F2(bg)108 577.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 -589.2 R F1(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F2(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F1(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 601.2 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.672 E F1(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 -(when job control is disabled or)144 613.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F1(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 625.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 714 R F2 -.18(re) -2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 726 R F2 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(56)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 596.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 608.4 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 620.4 Q F1(bg)108 637.2 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +649.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 661.2 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 673.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 685.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 July 8)151.505 E(56)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(.inputr)144 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F -.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 96 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 -120 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 -F(Acceptable)7.658 E F1 -.1(ke)180 132 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are) -5.882 F F1 3.192(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(bind)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 108 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 +-.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 120 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G +(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 132 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 +(:)A F2 -.37(re)C(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 +144 R F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G +.239(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 156 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. 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Options,)144 180 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 192 +Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 204 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 +E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659 +(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F2 -.1(ke) +180 216 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 144 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F1(vi\255insert)4.114 -E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 -(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F1(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 156 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F1 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 168 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 168 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F2144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 +(vi\255command)180 228 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert)4.113 +E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 +(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) +-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 240 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 252 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 252 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1144 264 Q F0(Display)180 264 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 192 Q -F0(List current)180 192 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2144 204 Q F0(Display)180 204 -Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 276 Q +F0(List 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F0(.)A F2144 -360 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) -180 372 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G -(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-) -4.325 E(mand)180 384 Q F0 1.764(is e)4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 +E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 396 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 +(Unbind all k)180 408 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) +-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 420 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) +-.2 E F0(Remo)180 432 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H +(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1144 +444 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) +180 456 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G +(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-) +4.325 E(mand)180 468 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 (cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) -4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 --.18(re)180 396 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 +4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 +-.18(re)180 480 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 (fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 -408 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 +492 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 420 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 504 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2144 432 -Q F0 .83(List all k)180 432 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 516 +Q F0 .829(List all k)180 516 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 444 Q(The return v) -144 460.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 528 Q(The return v) +144 544.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F2(br)108 477.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .054 -(Exit from within a)144 489.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2 -(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2 -(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F1(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.555 -E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 501.6 Q F1(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 -(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F2 -.2 -(bu)108 530.4 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 542.4 Q .792 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1 +E F1(br)108 561.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 573.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 585.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +597.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 614.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 626.4 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -554.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -566.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 +638.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +650.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 578.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 607.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 662.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 691.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 619.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 -(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 703.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 631.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.253(subroutine call.)144 715.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 655.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 667.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 679.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F0(|[)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1 -(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 708 R F1(dir) -2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F1(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 -(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E -F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 720 R -3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 -(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) -3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21) -148.175 E(57)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +ent e)144 727.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(57)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .85 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.35 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .849 -(ach directory name in)-3.35 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)3.349 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F1(dir)144 96 Q F0 -5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 -(irectory names in).15 F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 108 Q F2(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162 -(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)A F0 --.74('')C 6.662(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 120 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F32.691 E F0 .191 -(option causes)2.691 F F3(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .191 -(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(This e)144 84 Q +(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 96 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.019 +G(pr).2 E F0 .519(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 108 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)108 +124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(|[)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 +(]] [\255@]] [)A F1(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to) +144 136.8 R F1(dir)2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F1(dir)2.821 E F0 +.322(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) +-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 148.8 R 3.536(ault. 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If).15 F(the)3.002 E F33.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E -F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 304.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 -(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +.106(empty directory name from)144 304.8 R F3(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F22.607 E F0 .107 +(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F +.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 316.8 R 2.538 +(ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) +-2.638 F(The return v)144 328.8 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 +345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 357.6 Q F1(command)2.764 E F0(with) +3.334 E F1(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 369.6 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 381.6 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 316.8 R F32.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F3 -2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F32.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 328.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F -.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 -F F3144 340.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F32.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F32.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 352.8 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +5.4 E .175(either the)144 393.6 R F22.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F22.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 405.6 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F2 +144 417.6 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F22.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F22.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 429.6 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 364.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 376.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F3 -(compgen)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 405.6 R +(command)144.2 441.6 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 453.6 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 +(compgen)108 470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 482.4 R F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 417.6 R F3(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F33.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F33.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 429.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F -F32.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F32.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) -2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 -F(mable completion f)144 441.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 494.4 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 506.4 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F2 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 518.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 465.6 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 542.4 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -477.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 489.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 513.6 Q +554.4 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 566.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 590.4 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3 -(complete)108 530.4 Q F0([)3.404 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.404(][)C -F3-3.404 E F1(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F3(\255DEI)-3.404 -E F0 3.404(][)C F3-3.404 E F1(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F3 --3.404 E F1(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F3-3.404 E F1(wor) -3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.405(][)C F3-3.405 E F1(func-)3.405 E -(tion)108 542.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([) -144 554.4 Q F3A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1 -(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78> --.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F3 -(complete \255pr)108 566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 578.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G --.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634 -(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F33.133 E F0 -.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) -144 590.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) --.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 602.4 R(The)5.31 E F32.81 E F0 .31 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 +(complete)108 607.2 Q F0([)3.405 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.405(][)C +F2-3.405 E F1(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404 +E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F1(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2 +-3.404 E F1(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F1(wor) +3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F1(func-)3.404 E +(tion)108 619.2 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([) +144 631.2 Q F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78> +-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2 +(complete \255pr)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 655.2 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G +-.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633 +(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F23.134 E F0 +.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) +144 667.2 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 679.2 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 614.4 R(The)6.207 E -F33.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 626.4 R(`def)-.74 E +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 691.2 R(The)6.208 E +F23.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 703.2 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -638.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F33.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .876 -(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 650.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) --3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 662.4 R(The)5.447 E -F32.947 E F0 .448 -(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.15 -(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 674.4 R -1.149(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .43(delimiter such as) -144 686.4 R F3(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E F3(|)2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C .431 -(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.93 F .431 -(If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F .708(plied, the)144 698.4 R F3 -3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F33.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 -F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F3 -3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H -(f).15 E F33.207 E F0(,)A F3144 710.4 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) --2.603 E F32.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 -G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 -(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(58)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +715.2 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F23.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F 2.87 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 727.2 R +(`empty')-.74 E 5.37('c)-.74 G 2.87(ommand completion; that is,)-5.37 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(58)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.438 -(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 84 -R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 96 Q .3 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 120 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 132 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F13.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1 -3.223 E F0 .722(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e) -3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion before the)144 144 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 -156 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 168 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 -(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 -(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) -184 180 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 -192 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 204 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F -(matches.)224 216 Q F1(default)184 228 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 228 -R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.452 +(completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 R(The)6.452 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF3.951 E F0 1.451 +(option indicates that other supplied options and)3.951 F .331 +(actions should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 +96 R .332(ord on the line, or after a com-)-.1 F .119 +(mand delimiter such as)144 108 R F1(;)2.618 E F0(or)2.618 E F1(|)2.618 +E F0 2.618(,w)C .118(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.618 F +.118(If multiple options are)5.118 F 1.003(supplied, the)144 120 R F1 +3.503 E F0 1.003(option tak)3.503 F 1.004(es precedence o)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F13.504 E F0 3.504(,a)C 1.004(nd both tak) +-3.504 F 3.504(ep)-.1 G 1.004(recedence o)-3.504 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 +E F13.504 E F0 6.004(.I)C 3.504(fa)-6.004 G 1.304 -.15(ny o)-3.504 +H(f).15 E F1144 132 Q F0(,)A F13.082 E F0 3.082(,o)C(r) +-3.082 E F13.082 E F0 .582(are supplied, an)3.082 F 3.082(yo)-.15 +G(ther)-3.082 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.082 E F0(ar)3.082 E .582 +(guments are ignored; these completions only apply)-.18 F +(to the case speci\214ed by the option.)144 144 Q 1.437 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 +168 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 180 Q +.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 204 R .856 -.15(ve t) +-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 +3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 216 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 +3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F13.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 228 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 240 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 252 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') +.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 264 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 276 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 288 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 300 Q +F1(default)184 312 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 312 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 240 Q F1(dir)184 252 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 264 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -276 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 288 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 300 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +224 324 Q F1(dir)184 336 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 348 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +360 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 372 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 384 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 312 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 324 Q F1(noquote) -184 336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 336 S .814 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 396 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 408 Q F1(noquote) +184 420 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 420 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 348 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 360 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 360 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 372 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 372 S +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 432 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 444 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 444 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 456 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 456 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 384 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 396 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 396 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 468 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 480 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 480 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 408 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 420 -Q F1144 432 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 444 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 492 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 504 +Q F1144 516 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 528 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -456 Q F0(Alias names.)224 456 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 468 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 480 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 492 Q(Readline)224 492 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 504 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 504 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 516 -Q F0(Command names.)224 528 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 540 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 552 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 564 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 576 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -588 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 588 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -600 Q F0(Names of e)224 600 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +540 Q F0(Alias names.)224 540 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 552 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 564 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 576 Q(Readline)224 576 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 588 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 588 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 600 +Q F0(Command names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 624 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 636 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 648 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 660 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +672 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 672 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +684 Q F0(Names of e)224 684 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -612 Q F0(File names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 624 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 636 -Q F1(gr)184 648 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 648 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -660 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 672 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 684 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 696 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 708 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(59)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +696 Q F0(File names.)224 696 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(59)200.665 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ke)184 84 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 96 Q(ed w)-.15 -E 2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(running)184 108 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti) -224 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 120 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 -(Service names.)224 120 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 132 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 132 S(lid ar)1.11 E -(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 144 Q F0 -(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 144 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 156 Q F0(Signal names.)224 156 Q F1 -(stopped)184 168 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 -168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 180 Q F0(User names.)224 180 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 192 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 192 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 204 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 216 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +SF(function)184 84 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 96 Q F1(gr)184 108 +Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 120 Q F0 +(Help topics as accepted by the)224 132 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 144 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 156 Q +(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 168 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 180 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 192 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 +204 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 204 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 216 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 216 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 228 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 228 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 +E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 +(shopt)184 240 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 240 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 252 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 252 Q F1(stopped)184 264 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 264 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 276 Q F0(User names.)224 276 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 288 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 300 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 312 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 252 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 324 Q F1144 336 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 348 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 264 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 360 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 276 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 372 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 288 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 300 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 312 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 324 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 -(The pathname e)184 336 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 348 Q F1144 360 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 372 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 384 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 396 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 408 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1144 420 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 432 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 444 Q +F1144 456 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 468 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 384 Q F1144 396 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 396 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 480 Q F1144 492 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 492 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 408 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 420 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 -(each resultant w)184 432 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 444 Q .765 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 504 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 516 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 528 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 540 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 456 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 552 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 468 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 480 -Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 492 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 504 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 516 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 528 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 544.8 R .467 +6.464 F(match the w)184 564 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 576 +Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 588 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 600 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 612 Q F3(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 624 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 640.8 R .466 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 556.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 568.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 652.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 664.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 597.6 -R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 609.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 621.6 Q F2(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 633.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +F1(compopt)108 681.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 693.6 +R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 705.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 717.6 Q F3(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 729.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) -5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.228(the `)144 645.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ -mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 657.6 R 2.038 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.039 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 -(should apply to `)144 669.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.039 F(The)144 681.6 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ -her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .868(assignment w)144 693.6 R .868 -(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) --3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 705.6 Q 1.387(The return v)144 729.6 -R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 -(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(60)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(60)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(options for a)144 -84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.227(the `)144 84 +R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(ommand completion; that\ + is, completion attempted on a command for which no)-3.727 F 2.039 +(completion has pre)144 96 R 2.039(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The) +7.038 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.538 E F0 2.038 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 108 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.038 F(The)144 120 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that othe\ +r supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F +.867(assignment w)144 132 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) +-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 144 Q 1.388(The return v)144 168 R +1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F +(options for a)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 -112.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) -.25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) --4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0 -1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)3.709 -E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 -10/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar)108 165.6 -Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2 -(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) -3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 201.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F23.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2 -3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1(name)2.774 E -F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F2 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F22.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F22.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 225.6 Q F1(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 237.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F23.682 -E F0(,)A F2(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -249.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F23.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 -261.6 R(The)6.29 E F23.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ -of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 -(name and attrib)144 273.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) -5.948 F F2(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 -(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F2(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 196.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 208.8 R 1.753 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 220.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 232.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 244.8 Q F1(declar)108 261.6 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 +(typeset)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 285.6 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 297.6 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 +3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 309.6 Q F2(name)2.775 E +F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) +2.774 F(without)144 321.6 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 333.6 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +345.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 +357.6 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ +y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(name and attrib)144 369.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) +5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -285.6 R F1(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 -F(The)6.69 E F24.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 297.6 Q F2 -3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F23.892 E F0 1.391 -(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 +381.6 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 +F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 393.6 Q F1 +3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F13.891 E F0 1.391 +(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 309.6 Q F2(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 -(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 321.6 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 333.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E -F2144 345.6 Q F0(Each)180 345.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2 -(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 357.6 Q -F0(Each)180 357.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 369.6 Q F0(Use function names only) -180 369.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 381.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 381.6 R .558 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 405.6 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 +(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F +(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 417.6 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 429.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E +F1144 441.6 Q F0(Each)180 441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 +(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 453.6 Q +F0(Each)180 453.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 465.6 Q F0(Use function names only) +180 465.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 .558(The v)180 477.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 393.6 Q F0(abo) +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 489.6 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2144 405.6 Q -F0 .91(When the v)180 405.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 501.6 Q +F0 .909(When the v)180 501.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 417.6 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 429.6 -Q F0(Gi)180 429.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.819 E F0 -(the)3.819 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 513.6 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 525.6 +Q F0(Gi)180 525.6 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 +(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.519(That other v)180 441.6 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 -F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F1(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 453.6 Q .226 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 -(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F22.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 465.6 R -.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 477.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 489.6 Q F0 -(Mak)180 489.6 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E -7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F -2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 -501.6 Q F2144 513.6 Q F0(Gi)180 513.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) -.15 E F1(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) -2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2 -(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 525.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 -537.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 537.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +1.518(That other v)180 537.6 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 549.6 Q .227 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 +(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F12.726 E F0(attrib) +2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 561.6 R +.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 573.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 +(Mak)180 585.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E +7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F +2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 +597.6 Q F1144 609.6 Q F0(Gi)180 609.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 621.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 +633.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 633.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 -F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 549.6 -R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2 -144 561.6 Q F0(Mark)180 561.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 578.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F2(+A)2.643 E F0 -.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 590.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G -.579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 645.6 +R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1 +144 657.6 Q F0(Mark)180 657.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 674.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0 +.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 686.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +.579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 602.4 Q F2 -(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F2(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 -E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(command, unless the)3.543 F F23.543 E F0 1.205 -(option is supplied.)144 614.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.705 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 698.4 Q F1 +(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 +E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 +(command, unless the)3.544 F F13.544 E F0 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 710.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 626.4 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 -(hen using)-5.218 F F22.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F22.718 E F0 -.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 -(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 638.4 R .882 -(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 -(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 650.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G 1.26(lid optio\ -n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F5 10/Courier@0 SF 1.26(\255f foo=bar)3.76 F F0 3.76(,a)C(n)-3.76 E -.187(attempt is made to assign a v)144 662.4 R .187 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .188 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .188(alue to an)-.25 F -1.749(array v)144 674.4 R 1.749 -(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F2 -(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F -F1(names)144 686.4 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F -.359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 698.4 R 1.213 -(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) --.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 710.4 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E -F22.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(61) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 722.4 Q F0 6.879(.W)C 1.879 +(hen using)-6.879 F F14.379 E F0(or)4.379 E F14.379 E F0 +1.879(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)4.379 F +(ariables,)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(61)200.665 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 96 S .328 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .568 +(additional attrib)144 84 R .568(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.068(ee)-.1 G +-.25(ff)-3.068 G .568(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .568 +(The return v)5.568 F .567(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F .435(an in)144 96 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .435(lid option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\ +\214ne a function using).25 F/F1 10/Courier@0 SF .435(\255f foo=bar) +2.935 F F0 2.935(,a)C(n)-2.935 E .188(attempt is made to assign a v)144 +108 R .188(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .187 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .187(alue to an)-.25 F +1.748(array v)144 120 R 1.748 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749 +(\), one of the).15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)144 132 Q F0 .359 +(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359 +(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359 +(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 144 R 1.213 +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) +-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 156 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F2 +2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 172.8 Q F3(n)A F2 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F3(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 184.8 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 108 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 120 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 196.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 208.8 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 132 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 144 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 144 Q F1 -144 156 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 156 R .881 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 220.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 232.8 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 232.8 Q +F2144 244.8 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 244.8 R .882 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -168 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 180 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 180 Q F1 -144 192 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pr\ -e\214xing each entry with its inde)180 192 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt) --2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 204 Q F1(+)144 216 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565 -(Displays the)180 216 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(n)A -F0 1.194(Displays the)180 240 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +256.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 268.8 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 268.8 Q F2 +144 280.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 280.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 292.8 Q F2(+)144 304.8 Q F3(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 304.8 R F3(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 316.8 Q F2144 328.8 Q F3 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 328.8 R F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 252 Q .258(The return v)144 -268.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q .257(The return v)144 +357.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 280.8 Q F1(diso)108 297.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 309.6 S .121 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 369.6 Q F2(diso)108 386.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 398.4 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 321.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 410.4 R F22.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F22.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F3(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 333.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 345.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 422.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 434.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F3(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 357.6 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 369.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 446.4 R F2 +3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F3(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 458.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 398.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F2(echo)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 487.2 R F3(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 410.4 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 -422.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F13.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 434.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 -(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -446.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 -F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 458.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F13.216 E F0 .716 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 470.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 482.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 482.4 Q F1(\\b)144 494.4 Q F0 -(backspace)180 494.4 Q F1(\\c)144 506.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -506.4 Q F1(\\e)144 518.4 Q(\\E)144 530.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 -530.4 Q F1(\\f)144 542.4 Q F0(form feed)180 542.4 Q F1(\\n)144 554.4 Q -F0(ne)180 554.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 566.4 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 566.4 Q F1(\\t)144 578.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -578.4 Q F1(\\v)144 590.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 590.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 602.4 Q F0(backslash)180 602.4 Q F1(\\0)144 614.4 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 614.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 626.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 626.4 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 638.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 650.4 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 662.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 674.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 686.4 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 698.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(62)197.335 -E 0 Cg EP +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 499.2 R(If)5.308 E F22.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F22.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 +511.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F23.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 523.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 +(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +535.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 +F F2(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 +(these escape characters by def)144 547.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.716 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F23.216 E F0 .715 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.715 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 559.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) +144 571.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 571.2 Q F2(\\b)144 583.2 Q F0 +(backspace)180 583.2 Q F2(\\c)144 595.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +595.2 Q F2(\\e)144 607.2 Q(\\E)144 619.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 +619.2 Q F2(\\f)144 631.2 Q F0(form feed)180 631.2 Q F2(\\n)144 643.2 Q +F0(ne)180 643.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 655.2 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 655.2 Q F2(\\t)144 667.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +667.2 Q F2(\\v)144 679.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 679.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 +(\\\\)144 691.2 Q F0(backslash)180 691.2 Q F2(\\0)144 703.2 Q F3(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2 +(\\x)144 715.2 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 715.2 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(62)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(enable)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 96 R +SF(\\u)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHH)A F0 1.506 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 120 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 108 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 120 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 132 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(the same name as a shell b)144 184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 +(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 144 R -.081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 156 S 1.524 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 220.8 R +.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S 1.525 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 168 Q F1 -2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) --5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 180 R F1 -2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 244.8 Q F1 +2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) +-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 256.8 R F1 +2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -192 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 204 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 216 R F12.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 228 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 240 -Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 256.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(The)144 268.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 -(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 280.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +268.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 280.8 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 +(enabled. If)144 292.8 R F12.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F +(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 304.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +316.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 333.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 345.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 357.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 292.8 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 369.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 321.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 333.6 R .176 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 398.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 410.4 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 345.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 -F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 -E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 -.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 357.6 Q F0 .638 -(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 422.4 R .499(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 +(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 434.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) +3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 369.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 446.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 381.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F -.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 393.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 458.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 470.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 405.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 --.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) --2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 417.6 Q +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 482.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 494.4 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 434.4 R .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 446.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 511.2 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 523.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name) --2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 475.2 Q -F0 .256(The supplied)144 487.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 -F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 -(commands. If)144 499.2 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 +F1(export)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 552 Q F0 +.257(The supplied)144 564 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 +(commands. If)144 576 R(the)2.626 E F12.626 E F0 .127 (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 -144 511.2 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1 +144 588 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 523.2 S -1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 600 S 1.446 +(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 535.2 S .741(lue of the v) -.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 547.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 559.2 Q F1(fc)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 612 S .742(lue of the v).25 +F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 624 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 636 Q F1(fc)108 652.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 600 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +664.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 676.8 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 +688.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 624 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F -2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19(is used as an of) -144 636 R .19(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E -F2(last)2.779 E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F -(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 648 R F4 .948 -(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 660 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 684 Q -F12.522 E F0 .022 -(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 696 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 -(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 -(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) -.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E 1.668(the v)144 720 R 1.668(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)4.168 -E F0 -.25(va)3.918 G 1.668(riable is used, and the v).25 F 1.669 -(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)4.169 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)3.919 E F3(FCEDIT)4.169 -E F0 1.669(is not set.)3.919 F(If)6.669 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(63)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +144 700.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) +-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .189 +(is used as an of)144 712.8 R .189 +(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.189 E F2(last)2.78 +E F0 .19(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.37 F(-)-.2 E 2.644 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 724.8 R F4 2.644 +(fc \255l \25510)5.144 F F0 2.644(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) +5.144 F F2<8c72>7.053 E(st)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(63)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .187(neither v)144 -84 R .187(ariable is set,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(vi)4.353 E F0 -.187(is used.)4.353 F .187 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.187 F --.15(exe)144 96 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 120 R F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.122 +(otherwise. If)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>5.032 E(st)-.1 E F0 +.622(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.802 F .623 +(vious command for editing and \25516 for list-)-.25 F(ing.)144 96 Q +(The)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.522 E F0 .022 +(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E +F22.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 132 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E +.335(the editor gi)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F1 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 156 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F +.631(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT) +3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 +168 R .951(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F +.95(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 180 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 204 R F1 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> +E(mand)144 216 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> 2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .171 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .171 (r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E -(typing)144 144 Q F2 7.165(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165 -(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 -E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F2(r)3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 156 Q .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 180 R .142 +(typing)144 228 Q F4 7.165(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165 +(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 +E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 240 Q .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 264 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 192 R -.454(If the)5.454 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.954 E F0 .454 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 276 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 228 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 256.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 312 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 328.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 340.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 268.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 352.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 (is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 280.8 Q +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 364.8 Q .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 292.8 Q +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 376.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F3(getopts)108 309.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 321.6 Q F0 .793 +F2(getopts)108 393.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 .793 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 333.6 R .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 417.6 R .149 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 345.6 Q .578 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 429.6 Q .578 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 357.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 441.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 369.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +(option in the shell v)144 453.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 (if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G -3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 381.6 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 393.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 465.6 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)2.585 +E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 477.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 (getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 405.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(into the v)144 489.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 (automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 417.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 501.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 429.6 -Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 453.6 R F3(getopts) +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 513.6 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 537.6 R F2(getopts) 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 465.6 Q F0 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 549.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 489.6 Q F0 2.392 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 573.6 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 -501.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 525.6 Q F0 1.166 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 +585.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 609.6 Q F0 1.166 (can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 (is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 -(reporting is used.)144 537.6 R 1.071 +(reporting is used.)144 621.6 R 1.071 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -549.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F -(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 561.6 Q +633.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 585.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 669.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 (places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -597.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 +681.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 (OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 609.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 -633.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742 -(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 645.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F4(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F3 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 657.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F4 -(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 -(getopts)144 681.6 Q F0 .902 -(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(64)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 693.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +717.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 729.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(64)200.665 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(hash)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858(Each time)144 96 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 -.858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858 -(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)3.718 E F0 .858 -(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956(the directories in)144 108 R F1 -($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An) -5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 120 R -F12.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(is placed in)144 +84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E +/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)144 108 Q F0 .902 +(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 120 Q F3(hash)108 136.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 148.8 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) +3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 160.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 172.8 +R F32.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 -(of the command.)144 132 R(The)6.711 E F14.211 E F0 1.711 +(of the command.)144 184.8 R(The)6.711 E F34.211 E F0 1.711 (option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F14.212 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 144 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F13.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 156 R F2(name) +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F34.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 196.8 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F33.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 208.8 R F1(name) 3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -168 R F13.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 .795 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +220.8 R F33.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F3 3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 -(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 180 -R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .935 -(n, or if).15 F(only)144 192 Q F12.822 E F0 .322 +(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 +232.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 244.8 Q F32.822 E F0 .322 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.86 E -F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 256.8 Q F1(name)2.86 +E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) +.25 E F3(help)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 -232.8 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +285.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -244.8 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +297.6 R F1(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 (therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 256.8 Q F1 -144 268.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 268.8 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 280.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 280.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 292.8 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 292.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 309.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 326.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 338.4 Q(history \255d)108 350.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255d)108 362.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 386.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 398.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -410.4 S .752 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 309.6 Q F3 +144 321.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 321.6 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F3144 333.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 333.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F3144 345.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 345.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 362.4 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 379.2 Q F1(n)A F3(])A +(history \255c)108 391.2 Q(history \255d)108 403.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F3(history \255d)108 415.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F3 +(history \255anrw)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A F3 +(history \255p)108 439.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 451.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +463.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 422.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 -F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 434.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.88 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F1 (strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 446.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 499.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 458.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 511.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 470.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 523.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 482.4 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 482.4 Q F1 -144 494.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 506.4 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) --.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 535.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 Q F3 +144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) 2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) -2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 -518.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 530.4 Q 2.5(,a) +571.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 583.2 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -144 542.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 .758 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 554.4 R F2(start)3.258 -E F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F3(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F3 +144 595.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F0 .758 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 607.2 R F1(start)3.258 +E F0(and)3.257 E F1(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) -.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) -.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H -(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 -(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -144 578.4 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 578.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 619.2 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +(alues for)-.1 E F1(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3 +144 631.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 631.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 ('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 590.4 Q -(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 602.4 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 643.2 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3144 655.2 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 602.4 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 614.4 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 626.4 Q F1144 638.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 638.4 Q F1 -144 650.4 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 650.4 Q +le into the current history list.)180 655.2 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 667.2 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 679.2 Q F3144 691.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 691.2 Q F3 +144 703.2 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 662.4 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 662.4 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F3144 715.2 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 715.2 R(wing)-.25 E F1 (ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 674.4 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 686.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 698.4 Q F0 -.363(Store the)180 698.4 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 710.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 727.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 -(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(65)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 727.2 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) +2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(65)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .669 -(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(normal history e) +180 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 108 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 124.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 136.8 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 148.8 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 160.8 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ -tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\ -ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031 -(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531 -(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031 -(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F23.531 -E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 -172.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E -(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 -(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 196.8 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 196.8 Q F2 -144 208.8 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2 -144 232.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 232.8 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 244.8 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 244.8 Q F2144 256.8 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 172.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 184.8 Q(fset) +-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 +F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 196.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 213.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 +(jobs \255x)108 225.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 237.6 Q .3 -.15 +(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 249.6 Q F1 +144 261.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 261.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 273.6 Q F1 +144 285.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 285.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 297.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 297.6 Q F1144 309.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 309.6 Q(If)144 326.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 338.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 302.4 R F2 -2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 355.2 R F1 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 367.2 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F2(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 -2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 -(kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0(|)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) -2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 -(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1 -(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E -F0(or)3.389 E F1(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) -2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 -.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) +F1(kill)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 396 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 +408 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 420 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 432 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .522(gument of)-.18 -F F23.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) -5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) -.18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 -R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F -F22.877 E F0 .378 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 444 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 +F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) +.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 456 R .28 +(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 468 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 +2.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 -R(The)5.962 E F23.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) --.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F23.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 480 R +(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 439.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) --.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 456 Q F1 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -468 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 492 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 508.8 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +520.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83 -E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F -.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 -.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.152(yo) --.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) -3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 532.8 Q F2(ar) +2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 561.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 +.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 573.6 Q 3.152(yo) +-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) +3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -532.8 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +585.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 544.8 R F2 +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 597.6 R F1 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.063 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 609.6 R F1(set)4.063 E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.243 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 621.6 R 1.243 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 580.8 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(error to use)144 633.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) -5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 592.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) -2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout) -108 609.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 609.6 Q F2(map\214le)108 626.4 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 638.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 +5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) +144 645.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) +2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) +108 662.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 662.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 679.2 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 691.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) +C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 703.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 (arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F1(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 662.4 R -F23.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 715.2 R +F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F (ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 686.4 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 686.4 R F1(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 698.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 710.4 Q F0(Cop)180 710.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 -(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(66)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 727.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(66) +200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(Be)180 84 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2 -(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G -2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0(Discard the \214rst)180 96 Q -F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1144 108 Q F0(Remo)180 108 Q -.3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E -(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 120 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 120 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 132 Q F0(Ev)180 132 Q +SF144 84 Q F0 .91(The \214rst character of)180 84 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 96 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 108 Q F0(Cop)180 108 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm) +-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E +F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 120 Q F0(Be)180 120 Q +(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) +-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 132 Q F0(Discard the \214rst) +180 132 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1144 144 Q F0(Remo) +180 144 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def) +2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 156 +Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0(Ev)180 168 Q (aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 144 Q -F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 144 Q F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 160.8 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 180 Q +F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 180 Q F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 196.8 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 172.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 208.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 184.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +(as additional ar)144 220.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 196.8 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 213.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 232.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 249.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 230.4 Q F0 1.905 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 266.4 Q F0 1.905 (returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 (lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 242.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 278.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 259.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 271.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +F1(popd)108 295.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) .15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 (th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -283.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +319.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 295.2 Q F1144 307.2 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 307.2 R .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 331.2 Q F1144 343.2 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 343.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 319.2 Q F1(+)144 331.2 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 331.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 355.2 Q F1(+)144 367.2 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -343.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +379.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 355.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 355.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 391.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 391.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) -.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 367.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(zero. F)180 403.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -384 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) +420 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) 3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 -F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 396 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F +F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 432 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 408 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 444 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 460.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 436.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 472.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 448.8 R(ariable) +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 484.8 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 460.8 Q(The)144 484.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 496.8 Q(The)144 520.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +er escape sequences, which are con)144 532.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 508.8 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 520.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 544.8 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 556.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 532.8 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 544.8 Q F0(causes)180 544.8 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 568.8 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 580.8 Q F0(causes)180 580.8 Q F1(printf) 2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 556.8 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 568.8 Q F0(causes)180 568.8 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 592.8 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 604.8 Q F0(causes)180 604.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 580.8 Q F1(%\()144 592.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 604.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 616.8 Q F1(%\()144 628.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 640.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 616.8 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 652.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -628.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +664.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 640.8 R +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 676.8 R .693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 652.8 R -.15 +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 688.8 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 664.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 681.6 Q +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 700.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 717.6 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 -(minus sign is allo)144 693.6 R 1.259 +(minus sign is allo)144 729.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 705.6 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 722.4 Q F2(format)3.424 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(67)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(67)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 84 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033 -(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ASCII v)144 84 Q +(alue of the follo)-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 100.8 Q +/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.424 E F0 .923 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F1(ar)3.423 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F1(ar)144 112.8 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 96 Q(The return v)5 E +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 124.8 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+) --2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 124.8 Q +/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+) +-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a direct\ ory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the\ - ne)144 136.8 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416 -(stack the current w)144 148.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W) + ne)144 165.6 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416 +(stack the current w)144 177.6 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W) -.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories) -2.917 E 1.625(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 -160.8 R 6.625(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha) +189.6 R 6.625(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha) .18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:) -144 172.8 Q F2144 184.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change o\ -f directory when rotating or adding directories to the)180 184.8 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 196.8 Q F2(+)144 -208.8 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 208.8 R F1(n) +144 201.6 Q F2144 213.6 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change o\ +f directory when rotating or adding directories to the)180 213.6 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 225.6 Q F2(+)144 +237.6 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 237.6 R F1(n) 3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.267(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 220.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 232.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 232.8 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 249.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 261.6 Q F1(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 261.6 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)180 244.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 256.8 Q F0(Adds)180 256.8 Q F1(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +F F2(dirs)180 273.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 285.6 Q F0(Adds)180 285.6 Q F1(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 268.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 285.6 R F2(pushd) +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 297.6 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 314.4 R F2(pushd) 2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 297.6 R F1(dir) +F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 326.4 R F1(dir) 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 309.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +(stack is empty)144 338.4 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 321.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 350.4 R .845 +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 350.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 379.2 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -362.4 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 +391.2 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 374.4 R(the)3.264 E F23.264 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 403.2 R(the)3.264 E F23.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 386.4 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 398.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 415.2 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1 -(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 --3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E -F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(pr) -3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 -3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 427.2 Q F1(name)A -F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ -e \214le descriptor)144 439.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 451.2 Q F23.848 E F0 1.348 + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 415.2 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 427.2 Q F2 -.18(re)108 444 S(ad) +.18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(aname) +3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 +-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1 +(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(nc) +3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(pr)3.816 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 456 Q F1(name)A F0 +(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ +\214le descriptor)144 468 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 480 Q F23.848 E F0 1.348 (option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 463.2 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G +(assigned to the \214rst)144 492 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 475.2 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 504 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 487.2 Q F0 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 516 Q F0 5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) -.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .532(assigned empty v)144 499.2 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 528 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 (characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 (are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 511.2 R .197 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 540 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 523.2 R F2(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) -C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 552 R F2(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m)C +.157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -535.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 547.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 559.2 R 1.049 -(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F1 -(aname)180.33 571.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 -(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 583.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 -1.318(The \214rst character of)180 595.2 R F1(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 -(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 607.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 --.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +564 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 576 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049(The w) +180 588 R 1.049(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) +-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05 +(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F1(aname)180.33 600 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 +E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E +F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 612 Q +F1(delim)2.5 E F0 1.318(The \214rst character of)180 624 R F1(delim) +3.818 E F0 1.317(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne) +3.818 F 3.817(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 636 Q F0 +(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 -144 619.2 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 619.2 R F2 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) -2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 631.2 R .218 -(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 -(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E -(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 655.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 655.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +144 648 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 648 R F2 -.18(re) +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 +(to obtain the line.)180 660 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) +5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F +(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G +(diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 +E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 684 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 +E F0(If)180 684 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 (is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 667.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2144 679.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 691.2 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 -(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 -(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 703.2 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) --.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(68)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(ing be)180 696 Q(gins.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8) +151.505 E(68)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 --.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F -(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269 -(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 108 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 +-.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc) +3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F +1.394(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 108 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 120 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 132 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 144 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) 5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 120 R +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 156 R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 132 R .608 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 168 R .608 (The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 144 S .669 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 180 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 156 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 168 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 180 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 192 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 192 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 (nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 204 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 204 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F .493(the line.)180 216 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) +144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 240 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 252 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) -.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493 (wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 -228 Q F1144 240 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 240 Q +264 Q F1144 276 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 276 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 252 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 264 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G +144 288 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 300 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G (ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 276 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 312 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 (seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 288 Q +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 324 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -300 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 312 R .589 +336 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 348 R .589 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) -.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 324 S(riable) +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 360 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 336 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 372 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -348 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 360 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 360 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 -(If no)144 376.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 +384 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 396 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 +(If no)144 412.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 388.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 424.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) .18 E F0 .773 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F --.25(va)144 400.8 S 2.004 +-.25(va)144 436.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 412.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 429.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 448.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 441.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 453.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 489.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 465.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 501.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 477.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 513.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 489.6 R -.15(ve) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 501.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 537.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 513.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -525.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 549.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +561.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 537.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 573.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 549.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 566.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 578.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 585.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 602.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 602.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 638.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144 -614.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +650.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) 3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(determine the status is the last command e)144 662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) -.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 638.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 +.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 (or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 674.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 710.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 686.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 698.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 -(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 710.4 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(69)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E 1.682 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 722.4 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)4.183 E F0(or)5.016 E +F1(sour)4.183 E(ce)-.18 E F0 6.683(.A)C -.15(ny)-6.683 G(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(69)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(set)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 108 S .835 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .366 +(command associated with the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)2.866 +E F0 .365(trap is e)2.866 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cuted before e).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cution resumes after the func-).15 F +(tion or script.)144 96 Q F1(set)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A +F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 +E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S .835 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 120 R -3.284(ariables. 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This)224 706.8 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 718.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 +718.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E +(70)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(functrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 108 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 144 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 144 R 3.087(,a) +SF(errtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 108 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 156 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 156 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 156 Q +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 168 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -168 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 180 R 1.656 +180 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 192 R 1.656 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -192 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 204 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 240 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 288 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 288 Q F1(notify)184 300 Q F0 -(Same as)224 300 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 312 Q F0(Same as) -224 312 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 336 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 348 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 348 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 360 R +204 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 216 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 252 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 264 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 288 Q F0(Same as)224 288 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 300 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 300 Q F1(notify)184 312 Q F0 +(Same as)224 312 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 324 Q F0(Same as) +224 324 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 348 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 348 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 360 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) +224 360 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 372 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 372 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 384 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)224 384 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 384 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 396 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)224 396 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -396 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). 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This) -.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -480 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 510 Q +492 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 504 Q F0(Same as)224 504 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 522 Q F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -522 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +534 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 (commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 534 Q F1 -144 546 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 546 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 546 Q F1 +144 558 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 558 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 558 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 570 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 570 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 582 S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 (and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524 (riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 582 R .379 +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 594 R .379 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 (ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 594 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 606 R F12.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 606 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 618 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 618 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 630 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G .387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 630 Q F1144 642 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 642 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 654 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 654 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 642 Q F1144 654 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 654 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1144 666 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 666 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 666 R 2.683 +as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 678 R 2.683 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 678 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 690 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -690 Q F1144 702 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 702 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 714 Q F0 .315(After e)184 714 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 -(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 3.259(or arithmetic)184 -726 R F1 -.25(fo)5.759 G(r).25 E F0 3.26(command, display the e)5.759 F -3.26(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.26(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)5.76 E F3(,)A F0(follo) -5.51 E 3.26(wed by the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 -E(71)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +702 Q F1144 714 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 714 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E +(71)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(command and its e) -184 84 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 -E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0 2.579 -(The shell performs brace e)184 96 R 2.578(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 -2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078 -(\). 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This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 +F(def)184 132 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 144 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 144 R +F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214 +(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0 +(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214 +(redirection opera-)2.714 F 3.054(tors. 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The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 180 Q F1 -144 192 Q F0(Enable)184 192 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 204 Q F1 +144 216 Q F0(Enable)184 216 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 (style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 204 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 216 Q F0 .96 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 216 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 228 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 240 Q F0 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 240 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 -(that change the current w)184 228 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 252 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 240 R(def)2.686 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 264 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 252 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -264 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 264 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 276 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +288 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 288 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 288 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 300 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 300 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 312 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 324 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)184 324 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 312 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 324 Q F0 1.945 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 324 R F2(ar)4.444 E -(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 336 R F1 -3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +348 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 348 R +F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G +1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 360 R +F13.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 348 Q .425(The options are of)144 -364.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 372 Q .425(The options are of)144 +388.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 376.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 388.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +(current set of options may be found in)144 412.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 400.8 Q F1(shift)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 429.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +(is encountered.)144 424.8 Q F1(shift)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 441.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.583 E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) .15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 453.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 477.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 465.6 R +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 .143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 477.6 Q F1(shopt)108 494.4 Q F0([) +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 501.6 Q F1(shopt)108 518.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 506.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 530.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 518.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 542.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 530.4 R .825 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 554.4 R .825 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.325 E F0 .826 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F -.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 542.4 R F2 +.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 566.4 R F2 (optnames)3.052 E F0 .551 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549 -(options. The)144 554.4 R F12.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \ +(options. The)144 578.4 R F12.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \ to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other) -5.05 E(options ha)144 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 578.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -578.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 590.4 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 590.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -602.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 602.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 614.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +5.05 E(options ha)144 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 602.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +602.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 614.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +626.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 626.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 638.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 626.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 638.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 638.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 650.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 662.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 662.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 655.2 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 679.2 R F1 3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 -(set or unset, respecti)144 667.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 679.2 Q(ault.) +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 703.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -696 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.044 F .696 -(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 708 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E -(72)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +720 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(72)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The list of)144 84 -Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1 -(assoc_expand_once)144 102 Q F0 1.945 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 114 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.944 -(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 -(rray subscripts during).15 F 2.556(arithmetic e)184 126 R 2.556 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v) +3.196 F .696(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 96 Q(The list of)144 112.8 Q +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2 +(assoc_expand_once)144 130.8 Q F0 1.945 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 142.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 +(rray subscripts during).15 F 2.556(arithmetic e)184 154.8 R 2.556 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.556(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.557(cuting b).15 F 2.557(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F -(ariable)-.25 E(assignments, and while e)184 138 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 -(autocd)144 150 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 150 R +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments, and while e)184 166.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2 +(autocd)144 178.8 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 178.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 162 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 190.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 174 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 186 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F2(cdable_v)144 202.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 214.8 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 198 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 210 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 226.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 238.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -210 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 222 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +238.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 250.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 234 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 262.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 246 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 258 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 270 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 282 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 294 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 306 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(the command proceeds.)184 274.8 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F2(checkhash)144 286.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 298.8 R F2(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +310.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 322.8 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 334.8 R F2(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 318 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 346.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 330 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 342 Q -.1(wa)-.1 -G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 354 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -366 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 -(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 378 Q 4.694(,u)-.65 G -2.194(pdates the v)-4.694 F 2.194(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)4.694 E F0 -(and)4.444 E F2(COLUMNS)4.693 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.193 -(This option is enabled by)6.693 F(def)184 390 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(cmdhist) -144 402 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 402 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(attempted without an interv)184 358.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 370.8 Q -.1(wa) +-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 382.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +394.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G +1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 406.8 Q 4.694(,u)-.65 G +2.194(pdates the v)-4.694 F 2.194(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)4.694 E F0 +(and)4.444 E F3(COLUMNS)4.693 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.193 +(This option is enabled by)6.693 F(def)184 418.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2 +(cmdhist)144 430.8 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 430.8 R F2(bash)3.702 E F0 +1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -414 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 +442.8 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 -(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 426 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 -(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 +(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 454.8 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F +.613(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 438 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 -(compat31)144 450 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 462 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 466.8 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A +F2(compat31)144 478.8 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 490.8 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 (changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) -184 474 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 -(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +184 502.8 R F2([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E +F2(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 486 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) --.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +(using the)184 514.8 R F2([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F +(s)-.55 E F2(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 -(use ASCII collation and)184 498 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E -(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 510 Q F4(str) -2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 522 Q F0 1.41(If set,) -184 534 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 546 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 -(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) +(use ASCII collation and)184 526.8 R F1(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G +(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 538.8 Q F1(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F2(compat32)144 550.8 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 562.8 R F2 +(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 +F 1.409(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 574.8 R F2([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F2(>) 2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 558 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 586.8 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 570 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 598.8 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 582 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 594 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 +F2(compat40)144 610.8 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 622.8 R F2(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 606 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 -(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 618 R -F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(string comparison when using the)184 634.8 R F2([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F2(>) +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 646.8 R +F2(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) -.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -630 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 -(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 642 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 654 Q F0 1.523(If set,) -184 666 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523 -(posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524 +658.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F +.086(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 670.8 +Q(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F2(compat41)144 682.8 Q F0 1.523 +(If set,)184 694.8 R F2(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F +F1 1.523(posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524 (reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 -678 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 +706.8 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 (he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 690 -R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 -(posix mode through v)184 702 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2019 June 21)148.175 E(73)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 +718.8 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F 2.16 +(posix mode through v)184 730.8 R 2.159(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F 2.159 +(The def)7.159 F 2.159(ault bash beha)-.1 F 2.159 +(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F(vious)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2019 July 8)151.505 E(73)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compat42)144 84 Q F0 1.796(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ve)184 84 S +(rsions.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)144 96 Q F0 1.796(If set,) +184 108 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 132 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 120 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 132 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 144 R F1 (bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 144 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 156 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .353 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 168 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.375(function is e)184 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +.375(function is e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 192 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(compat44)144 204 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) +(the caller')184 204 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(compat44)144 216 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) 2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) -2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 -228 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +240 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E -(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 240 Q F0 .654 -(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 252 Q F0 .654 +(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 264 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +(forming completion.)184 276 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -276 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 288 R .028 +288 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 300 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 300 R 1.073 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 312 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 312 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 324 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -324 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 336 Q +336 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 348 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 348 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 360 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 372 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -372 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +384 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 384 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 396 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -396 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 396 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 408 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +408 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 408 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 420 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 420 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 432 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 432 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 444 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 444 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 444 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 456 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) +184 456 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 (xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 456 Q(gument to the)-.18 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 468 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 468 Q F0 .717 -(If set, aliases are e)184 480 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 480 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 492 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 492 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 504 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 516 R +(by def)184 504 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 516 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 528 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 2.444 -(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 528 R F14.944 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 540 R F14.944 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 4.944(option. 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command run by the)220 +588 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 600 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 612 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 612 S .488 +(exe)220 624 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 624 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 636 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 636 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 648 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 648 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 648 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 660 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 660 R -(shells in)220 672 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 660 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 672 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 672 R +(shells in)220 684 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 684 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 684 R(in)220 696 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 696 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 696 R(in)220 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) -2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 708 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 708 R .4 -(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 720 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(74) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(74)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(extquote)144 84 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 96 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E -F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within)-4.973 -F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 108 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 120 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 120 R 1.425 +SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 84 R .4 +(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 96 Q F0 +(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 108 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 120 R F1 +($)4.973 E F0<08>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd) +-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473 +(uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.) +184 132 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 +144 Q F0 1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 144 R 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 132 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 144 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 156 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 156 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 168 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 180 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 (ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 -(when performing w)184 168 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(when performing w)184 192 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 180 R F3 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 204 R F3 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) -.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 -192 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 204 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) -184 216 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 +216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 228 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) +184 240 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 (et e)-.1 F 2.518(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 228 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 252 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) .15 G(eha)-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 (he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 -(That is, the current locale')184 240 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(That is, the current locale')184 264 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 252 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 276 R F1(A) 3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 264 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 276 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 276 R F1(**)3.019 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 288 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 300 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 300 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 288 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 312 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -300 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 312 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 324 Q F1(histappend)144 -336 Q F0 .676 +324 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 336 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 348 Q F1(histappend)144 +360 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -348 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 360 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 372 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +372 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 384 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 396 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 (is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 396 Q F1(histv)144 408 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(tory substitution.)184 420 Q F1(histv)144 432 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 444 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 432 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 456 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 444 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 468 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 456 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 480 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 492 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -480 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +504 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 504 Q F0(If set,) -184 516 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 528 Q F0(If set,) +184 540 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 528 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 540 R .219(alue of the) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 552 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 564 R .219(alue of the) -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 552 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 576 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F (option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E -F1(interacti)144 564 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) -184 576 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +F1(interacti)144 588 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) +184 600 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1 (#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 588 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 612 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 600 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 612 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 624 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 636 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 624 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 636 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 636 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 660 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 648 Q +(with embedded ne)184 672 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 660 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 672 R +(localv)144 684 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 696 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -684 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +708 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 696 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(75)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(75)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9220,8 +9220,8 @@ F1(shift_v)144 612 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 624 R F1 184 672 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) -.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0(If set, the)184 696 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(76)197.335 E -0 Cg EP +E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(76)200.665 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9331,7 +9331,7 @@ F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F3(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command) (absent \(and there is a single)144 721.2 R F3(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 (\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(77)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(77)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9480,7 +9480,7 @@ F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F22.999 E F0 144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 699.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E (fer size)-.25 E F2144 711.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of core \214les created)180 711.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2019 June 21)148.175 E(78)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(78)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9579,177 +9579,181 @@ F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 (ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 (tion with that name is unset.)144 619.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G -1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 631.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 -(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 643.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E -F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 -655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 -G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 672 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 -684 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\ -tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process) -3.929 F .009(ID or a job speci\214cation; 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if a job spec is gi)144 720 R -.15(ve)-.25 +G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008 +(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 July 8)151.505 E(79)200.665 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(wait)144 84 Q F0 -.1(wa)3.056 G .556 -(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e).1 F .557 -(xit status.)-.15 F .557(Supplying the)5.557 F F13.057 E F0 .557 -(option, when)3.057 F .346(job control is enabled, forces)144 96 R F1 -(wait)2.846 E F0 .346(to w)2.846 F .346(ait for)-.1 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)2.846 E F0 .346 -(to terminate before returning its status, instead of)2.846 F .599 -(returning when it changes status.)144 108 R(If)5.599 E F2(id)3.109 E F0 -.599(speci\214es a non-e)3.869 F .6 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)144.01 84 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G(n,).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 +(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598 +(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 96 R F2($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 +(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F2 +3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F2(wait)144 108 Q F0 +-.1(wa)3.056 G .556(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e) +.1 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557(Supplying the)5.557 F F23.057 E +F0 .557(option, when)3.057 F .346(job control is enabled, forces)144 120 +R F2(wait)2.846 E F0 .346(to w)2.846 F .346(ait for)-.1 F F1(id)2.846 E +F0 .346(to terminate before returning its status, instead of)2.846 F +.599(returning when it changes status.)144 132 R(If)5.599 E F1(id)3.109 +E F0 .599(speci\214es a non-e)3.869 F .6 (xistent process or job, the return status is)-.15 F 2.5 -(127. 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