From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Date: Thu, 3 Jan 2008 21:35:36 +0000 (+0000)
Subject: Update release notes for security releases.
X-Git-Tag: REL8_2_6~1
X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=f3c52c64e82dbe350264d3e1b4f77de39abf0f1f;p=thirdparty%2Fpostgresql.git

Update release notes for security releases.

Security: CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067, CVE-2007-6600, CVE-2007-6601
---

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
index 40a3117f2eb..ca0de2b68a3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.488.2.15 2007/09/16 03:03:13 tgl Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.488.2.16 2008/01/03 21:35:36 tgl Exp $ -->
 <!--
 
 Typical markup:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ non-ASCII characters            convert to HTML4 entity (&) escapes
 wrap long lines
 
 For new features, add links to the documentation sections.  Use </link>
-so that perl can remove it so HISTORY.html can be created with no
+so that Perl can remove it so HISTORY.html can be created with no
 links to the main documentation.  This was added only in 8.2, so don't
 do it for earlier branch release files.
 
@@ -35,13504 +35,14524 @@ do it for earlier branch release files.
 <appendix id="release">
  <title>Release Notes</title>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-2-5">
-   <title>Release 8.2.5</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-2-6">
+  <title>Release 8.2.6</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.4.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.2.5</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix <literal>ALTER DOMAIN ADD CONSTRAINT</> for cases involving
-       domains over domains (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix some planner problems with outer joins, notably poor
-       size estimation for <literal>t1 LEFT JOIN t2 WHERE t2.col IS NULL</>
-       (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Allow the <type>interval</> data type to accept input consisting only of
-       milliseconds or microseconds (Neil)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Allow timezone name to appear before the year in <type>timestamp</> input (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fixes for <acronym>GIN</> indexes used by <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> (Teodor)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Speed up rtree index insertion (Teodor)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
-       the syslogger process (Andrew)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix <function>stddev_pop(numeric)</> and <function>var_pop(numeric)</> (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Prevent <command>REINDEX</> and <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
-       due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Windows socket and semaphore improvements (Magnus)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Make <command>pg_ctl -w</> work properly in Windows service mode (Dave Page)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix memory allocation bug when using <application>MIT Kerberos</> on Windows (Magnus)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
-       because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Restrict <filename>/contrib/pgstattuple</> functions to superusers, for security reasons (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Do not let <filename>/contrib/intarray</> try to make its GIN opclass
-       the default (this caused problems at dump/restore) (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-2-4">
-   <title>Release 8.2.4</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.5,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.2.6</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.3,
-    including a security fix.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.2.4</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
      </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+      Repair assorted bugs in the regular-expression package (Tom, Will Drewry)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix <varname>shared_preload_libraries</> for Windows
-      by forcing reload in each backend (Korry Douglas)
+      Suitably crafted regular-expression patterns could cause crashes,
+      infinite or near-infinite looping, and/or massive memory consumption,
+      all of which pose denial-of-service hazards for applications that
+      accept regex search patterns from untrustworthy sources.
+      (CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix <function>to_char()</> so it properly upper/lower cases localized day or month
-      names (Pavel Stehule)
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+      The fix that appeared for this in 8.2.5 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Require <command>COMMIT PREPARED</> to be executed in the same
-      database as the transaction was prepared in (Heikki)
+      Fix bugs in WAL replay for GIN indexes (Teodor)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow <command>pg_dump</> to do binary backups larger than two gigabytes
-      on Windows (Magnus)
+      Fix GIN index build to work properly when
+      <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> is 4GB or more (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      New traditional (Taiwan) Chinese <acronym>FAQ</> (Zhou Daojing)
+      Update time zone data files to <application>tzdata</> release 2007k
+      (in particular, recent Argentina changes) (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Prevent the statistics collector from writing to disk too frequently (Tom)
+      Improve planner's handling of LIKE/regex estimation in non-C locales
+      (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+      Fix planning-speed problem for deep outer-join nests, as well as
+      possible poor choice of join order (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix bug in domains that use array types (Tom)
+      Fix planner failure in some cases of <literal>WHERE false AND var IN
+      (SELECT ...)</> (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix <command>pg_dump</> so it can dump a serial column's sequence
-      using <option>-t</> when not also dumping the owning table
-      (Tom)
+      Make <command>CREATE TABLE ... SERIAL</> and
+      <command>ALTER SEQUENCE ... OWNED BY</> not change the
+      <function>currval()</> state of the sequence (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Planner fixes, including improving outer join and bitmap scan
-      selection logic (Tom)
+      Preserve the tablespace and storage parameters of indexes that are
+      rebuilt by <command>ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix possible wrong answers or crash when a PL/pgSQL function tries
-      to <literal>RETURN</> from within an <literal>EXCEPTION</> block
-      (Tom)
+      Make archive recovery always start a new WAL timeline, rather than only
+      when a recovery stop time was used (Simon)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (Tom)
+      This avoids a corner-case risk of trying to overwrite an existing
+      archived copy of the last WAL segment, and seems simpler and cleaner
+      than the original definition.
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
+      Make <command>VACUUM</> not use all of <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>
+      when the table is too small for it to be useful (Alvaro)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <function>corr()</> return the correct result for negative
+      correlation values (Neil)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-2-3">
-   <title>Release 8.2.3</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix overflow in <literal>extract(epoch from interval)</> for intervals
+      exceeding 68 years (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Perl to not fail when a UTF-8 regular expression is used
+      in a trusted function (Andrew)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains two fixes from 8.2.2.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Perl to cope when platform's Perl defines type <literal>bool</>
+      as <literal>int</> rather than <literal>char</> (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.2.3</title>
+     <para>
+      While this could theoretically happen anywhere, no standard build of
+      Perl did things this way ... until <productname>Mac OS X</> 10.5.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
-    </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Python to work correctly with Python 2.5 on 64-bit machines
+      (Marko Kreen)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Python to not crash on long exception messages (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <application>pg_dump</> to correctly handle inheritance child tables
+      that have default expressions different from their parent's (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <application>libpq</> crash when <varname>PGPASSFILE</> refers
+      to a file that is not a plain file (Martin Pitt)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
-      functional indexes(Tom)
+      <application>ecpg</> parser fixes (Michael)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix optimization so MIN/MAX in subqueries can again use indexes (Tom)
+      Make <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</> defend against
+      <application>OpenSSL</> libraries that fail on keys longer than 128
+      bits; which is the case at least on some Solaris versions (Marko Kreen)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <type>tsvector</> and <type>tsquery</> output routines to
+      escape backslashes correctly (Teodor, Bruce)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-2-2">
-   <title>Release 8.2.2</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash of <function>to_tsvector()</> on huge input strings (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update <function>gettimeofday</> configuration check so that
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</> can be built on newer versions of
+      <productname>MinGW</> (Magnus)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-2-5">
+  <title>Release 8.2.5</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.4.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.2.5</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.1, including
-    a security fix.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.2.2</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <literal>ALTER DOMAIN ADD CONSTRAINT</> for cases involving
+      domains over domains (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
      </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
-      function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
-      data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
-      errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
+      Fix some planner problems with outer joins, notably poor
+      size estimation for <literal>t1 LEFT JOIN t2 WHERE t2.col IS NULL</>
+      (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix not-so-rare-anymore bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+      Allow the <type>interval</> data type to accept input consisting only of
+      milliseconds or microseconds (Neil)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix Borland C compile scripts (L Bayuk)
+      Allow timezone name to appear before the year in <type>timestamp</> input (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Properly handle <function>to_char('CC')</> for years ending in
-      <literal>00</> (Tom)
+      Fixes for <acronym>GIN</> indexes used by <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> (Teodor)
      </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Year 2000 is in the twentieth century, not the twenty-first.
+      Speed up rtree index insertion (Teodor)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> localization improvements (Tatsuo, Teodor)
+      Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix incorrect permission check in
-      <literal>information_schema.key_column_usage</> view (Tom)
+      Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
+      the syslogger process (Andrew)
      </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      The symptom is <quote>relation with OID nnnnn does not exist</> errors.
-      To get this fix without using <command>initdb</>, use <command>CREATE OR
-      REPLACE VIEW</> to install the corrected definition found in
-      <filename>share/information_schema.sql</>.  Note you will need to do
-      this in each database.
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Improve <command>VACUUM</> performance for databases with many tables (Tom)
+      Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+      Fix <function>stddev_pop(numeric)</> and <function>var_pop(numeric)</> (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix potentially incorrect results from index searches using
-      <literal>ROW</> inequality conditions (Tom)
+      Prevent <command>REINDEX</> and <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
+      due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
+      Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix bogus <quote>permission denied</> failures occurring on Windows
-      due to attempts to fsync already-deleted files (Magnus, Tom)
+      Windows socket and semaphore improvements (Magnus)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix bug that could cause the statistics collector
-      to hang on Windows (Magnus)
+      Make <command>pg_ctl -w</> work properly in Windows service mode (Dave Page)
      </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      This would in turn lead to autovacuum not working.
+      Fix memory allocation bug when using <application>MIT Kerberos</> on Windows (Magnus)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix possible crashes when an already-in-use PL/pgSQL function is
-      updated (Tom)
+      Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
+      because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Improve PL/pgSQL handling of domain types (Sergiy Vyshnevetskiy, Tom)
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
+    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix possible errors in processing PL/pgSQL exception blocks (Tom)
+      Restrict <filename>/contrib/pgstattuple</> functions to superusers, for security reasons (Tom)
      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Do not let <filename>/contrib/intarray</> try to make its GIN opclass
+      the default (this caused problems at dump/restore) (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-2-1">
-   <title>Release 8.2.1</title>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-2-4">
+  <title>Release 8.2.4</title>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.
-   </para>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.2.1</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.3,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.2.4</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
+   </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix crash with <literal>SELECT</> ... <literal>LIMIT ALL</> (also
-       <literal>LIMIT NULL</>) (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <filename>Several /contrib/tsearch2</> fixes (Teodor)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       On Windows, make log messages coming from the operating system use
-       <acronym>ASCII</> encoding (Hiroshi Saito)
-      </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+      and operators (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-      <para>
-       This fixes a conversion problem when there is a mismatch between
-       the encoding of the operating system and database server.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix Windows linking of <application>pg_dump</> using
-       <filename>win32.mak</>
-       (Hiroshi Saito)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <varname>shared_preload_libraries</> for Windows
+      by forcing reload in each backend (Korry Douglas)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix planner mistakes for outer join queries (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <function>to_char()</> so it properly upper/lower cases localized day or month
+      names (Pavel Stehule)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix several problems in queries involving sub-SELECTs (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix potential crash in SPI during subtransaction abort (Tom)
-      </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require <command>COMMIT PREPARED</> to be executed in the same
+      database as the transaction was prepared in (Heikki)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <para>
-       This affects all PL functions since they all use SPI.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Allow <command>pg_dump</> to do binary backups larger than two gigabytes
+      on Windows (Magnus)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Improve build speed of <acronym>PDF</> documentation (Peter)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      New traditional (Taiwan) Chinese <acronym>FAQ</> (Zhou Daojing)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Re-add <acronym>JST</> (Japan) timezone abbreviation (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent the statistics collector from writing to disk too frequently (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Improve optimization decisions related to index scans (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Have <application>psql</> print multi-byte combining characters as
-       before, rather than output as <literal>\u</> (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix bug in domains that use array types (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
-      </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <command>pg_dump</> so it can dump a serial column's sequence
+      using <option>-t</> when not also dumping the owning table
+      (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Planner fixes, including improving outer join and bitmap scan
+      selection logic (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Make <application>pg_dumpall</> assume that databases have public
-       <literal>CONNECT</> privilege, when dumping from a pre-8.2 server (Tom)
-      </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix possible wrong answers or crash when a PL/pgSQL function tries
+      to <literal>RETURN</> from within an <literal>EXCEPTION</> block
+      (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <para>
-       This preserves the previous behavior that anyone can connect to a
-       database if allowed by <filename>pg_hba.conf</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-2">
-   <title>Release 8.2</title>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <note>
-    <title>Release date</title>
-    <simpara>2006-12-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-2-3">
+  <title>Release 8.2.3</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Overview</title>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <para>
-     This release adds many functionality and performance improvements that
-     were requested by users, including:
+  <para>
+   This release contains two fixes from 8.2.2.
+  </para>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.2.3</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Query language enhancements including <command>INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
-        RETURNING</command>, multirow <literal>VALUES</literal> lists, and
-        optional target-table alias in
-        <command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE</command>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Index creation without blocking concurrent
-        <command>INSERT</>/<command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE</>
-        operations
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Many query optimization improvements, including support for
-        reordering outer joins
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improved sorting performance with lower memory usage
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More efficient locking with better concurrency
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
+      functional indexes(Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More efficient vacuuming
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix optimization so MIN/MAX in subqueries can again use indexes (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Easier administration of warm standby servers
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <literal>FILLFACTOR</literal> support for tables and indexes
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Monitoring, logging, and performance tuning additions
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-2-2">
+  <title>Release 8.2.2</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More control over creating and dropping objects
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Table inheritance relationships can be defined
-        for and removed from pre-existing tables
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.1, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>COPY TO</command> can copy the output of an arbitrary
-        <command>SELECT</command> statement
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.2.2</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Array improvements, including nulls in arrays
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.X.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Aggregate-function improvements, including multiple-input
-        aggregates and SQL:2003 statistical functions
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Many <filename>contrib/</filename> improvements
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
+      to read backend memory (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.2</title>
+     <para>
+      The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
+      function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
+      data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
+      errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+      principle might be used to read database content that the user
+      should not be able to access.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
-     required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
-     release.
-    </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix not-so-rare-anymore bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     Observe the following incompatibilities:
-    </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix Borland C compile scripts (L Bayuk)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Properly handle <function>to_char('CC')</> for years ending in
+      <literal>00</> (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Set <link
-        linkend="guc-escape-string-warning"><varname>escape_string_warning</></link>
-        to <literal>on</> by default (Bruce)
-       </para>
+     <para>
+      Year 2000 is in the twentieth century, not the twenty-first.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This issues a warning if backslash escapes are used in
-        <link linkend="sql-syntax-strings">non-escape (non-<literal>E''</>)
-        strings</link>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> localization improvements (Tatsuo, Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change the <link linkend="sql-syntax-row-constructors">row
-        constructor syntax</link> (<literal>ROW(...)</>) so that
-        list elements <literal>foo.*</> will be expanded to a list
-        of their member fields, rather than creating a nested
-        row type field as formerly (Tom)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix incorrect permission check in
+      <literal>information_schema.key_column_usage</> view (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-       <para>
-        The new behavior is substantially more useful since it
-        allows, for example, triggers to check for data changes
-        with <literal>IF row(new.*) IS DISTINCT FROM row(old.*)</>.
-        The old behavior is still available by omitting <literal>.*</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      The symptom is <quote>relation with OID nnnnn does not exist</> errors.
+      To get this fix without using <command>initdb</>, use <command>CREATE OR
+      REPLACE VIEW</> to install the corrected definition found in
+      <filename>share/information_schema.sql</>.  Note you will need to do
+      this in each database.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <link linkend="row-wise-comparison">row comparisons</link>
-        follow <acronym>SQL</> standard semantics and allow them
-        to be used in index scans (Tom)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve <command>VACUUM</> performance for databases with many tables (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Previously, row = and &lt;&gt; comparisons followed the
-        standard but &lt; &lt;= &gt; &gt;= did not.  A row comparison
-        can now be used as an index constraint for a multicolumn
-        index matching the row value.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <link linkend="functions-comparison">row <literal>IS <optional>NOT</> NULL</literal></link>
-        tests follow <acronym>SQL</> standard semantics (Tom)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potentially incorrect results from index searches using
+      <literal>ROW</> inequality conditions (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The former behavior conformed to the standard for simple cases
-        with <literal>IS NULL</>, but <literal>IS NOT NULL</> would return
-        true if any row field was non-null, whereas the standard says it
-        should return true only when all fields are non-null.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+      over three bytes long (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <link linkend="SQL-SET-CONSTRAINTS"><command>SET
-        CONSTRAINT</></link> affect only one constraint (Kris Jurka)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix bogus <quote>permission denied</> failures occurring on Windows
+      due to attempts to fsync already-deleted files (Magnus, Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, <command>SET CONSTRAINT</> modified
-        all constraints with a matching name.  In this release,
-        the schema search path is used to modify only the first
-        matching constraint.  A schema specification is also
-        supported.  This more nearly conforms to the SQL standard.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix bug that could cause the statistics collector
+      to hang on Windows (Magnus)
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <literal>RULE</> permission for tables, for security reasons
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <para>
+      This would in turn lead to autovacuum not working.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        As of this release, only a table's owner can create or modify
-        rules for the table.  For backwards compatibility,
-        <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE RULE</> is still accepted,
-        but it does nothing.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix possible crashes when an already-in-use PL/pgSQL function is
+      updated (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Array comparison improvements (Tom)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve PL/pgSQL handling of domain types (Sergiy Vyshnevetskiy, Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Now array dimensions are also compared.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix possible errors in processing PL/pgSQL exception blocks (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <link linkend="functions-array">array concatenation</link>
-        to match documented behavior (Tom)
-       </para>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-       <para>
-        This changes the previous behavior where concatenation
-        would modify the array lower bound.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make command-line options of <application>postmaster</>
-        and <link linkend="app-postgres"><application>postgres</></link>
-        identical (Peter)
-       </para>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-2-1">
+  <title>Release 8.2.1</title>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows the postmaster to pass arguments to each backend
-        without using <literal>-o</>.  Note that some options are now
-        only available as long-form options, because there were conflicting
-        single-letter options.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Deprecate use of <application>postmaster</> symbolic link (Peter)
-       </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.2.
+  </para>
 
-       <para>
-        <application>postmaster</> and <application>postgres</>
-        commands now act identically, with the behavior determined
-        by command-line options.  The <application>postmaster</> symbolic link is
-        kept for compatibility, but is not really needed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.2.1</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <link
-        linkend="guc-log-duration"><varname>log_duration</></link>
-        to output even if the query is not output (Tom)
-       </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.2.
+   </para>
 
-       <para>
-        In prior releases, <varname>log_duration</> only printed if
-        the query appeared earlier in the log.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <link
-        linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char(time)</></link>
-        and <link
-        linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char(interval)</></link>
-        treat <literal>HH</> and <literal>HH12</> as 12-hour
-        intervals
-       </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-       <para>
-        Most applications should use <literal>HH24</> unless they
-        want a 12-hour display.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Zero unmasked bits in conversion from <link
-        linkend="datatype-inet"><type>INET</></link> to <link
-        linkend="datatype-inet"><type>CIDR</></link> (Tom)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash with <literal>SELECT</> ... <literal>LIMIT ALL</> (also
+      <literal>LIMIT NULL</>) (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This ensures that the converted value is actually valid for
-        <type>CIDR</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <filename>Several /contrib/tsearch2</> fixes (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <varname>australian_timezones</> configuration variable
-        (Joachim Wieland)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      On Windows, make log messages coming from the operating system use
+      <acronym>ASCII</> encoding (Hiroshi Saito)
+     </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This variable has been superseded by a more general facility
-        for configuring timezone abbreviations.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This fixes a conversion problem when there is a mismatch between
+      the encoding of the operating system and database server.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve cost estimation for nested-loop index scans (Tom)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix Windows linking of <application>pg_dump</> using
+      <filename>win32.mak</>
+      (Hiroshi Saito)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This might eliminate the need to set unrealistically small
-        values of <link
-        linkend="guc-random-page-cost"><varname>random_page_cost</></link>.
-        If you have been using a very small <varname>random_page_cost</>,
-        please recheck your test cases.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix planner mistakes for outer join queries (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change behavior of <command>pg_dump</> <literal>-n</> and
-        <literal>-t</> options.  (Greg Sabino Mullane)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        See the <command>pg_dump</> manual page for details.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix several problems in queries involving sub-SELECTs (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <link linkend="libpq"><application>libpq</></link>
-        <function>PQdsplen()</> to return a useful value (Martijn
-        van Oosterhout)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential crash in SPI during subtransaction abort (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Declare <link linkend="libpq"><application>libpq</></link>
-        <function>PQgetssl()</> as returning <literal>void *</>,
-        rather than <literal>SSL *</> (Martijn van Oosterhout)
-       </para>
+     <para>
+      This affects all PL functions since they all use SPI.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows applications to use the function without including
-        the OpenSSL headers.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve build speed of <acronym>PDF</> documentation (Peter)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        C-language loadable modules must now include a
-        <link linkend="xfunc-c-dynload"><literal>PG_MODULE_MAGIC</></link>
-        macro call for version compatibility checking
-        (Martijn van Oosterhout)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Re-add <acronym>JST</> (Japan) timezone abbreviation (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        For security's sake, modules used by a PL/PerlU function are no
-        longer available to PL/Perl functions (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <note>
-        <para>
-         This also implies that data can no longer be shared between a PL/Perl
-         function and a PL/PerlU function.
-         Some Perl installations have not been compiled with the correct flags
-         to allow multiple interpreters to exist within a single process.
-         In this situation PL/Perl and PL/PerlU cannot both be used in a
-         single backend. The solution is to get a Perl installation which
-         supports multiple interpreters.
-        </para>
-       </note>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve optimization decisions related to index scans (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In <filename>contrib/xml2/</>, rename <function>xml_valid()</> to
-        <function>xml_is_well_formed()</> (Tom)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Have <application>psql</> print multi-byte combining characters as
+      before, rather than output as <literal>\u</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        <function>xml_valid()</> will remain for backward compatibility,
-        but its behavior will change to do schema checking in a future
-        release.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <filename>contrib/ora2pg/</>, now at <ulink
-        url="http://www.samse.fr/GPL/ora2pg"></ulink>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove contrib modules that have been migrated to PgFoundry:
-        <filename>adddepend</>, <filename>dbase</>, <filename>dbmirror</>,
-        <filename>fulltextindex</>, <filename>mac</>, <filename>userlock</>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <application>pg_dumpall</> assume that databases have public
+      <literal>CONNECT</> privilege, when dumping from a pre-8.2 server (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove abandoned contrib modules:
-        <filename>mSQL-interface</>, <filename>tips</>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This preserves the previous behavior that anyone can connect to a
+      database if allowed by <filename>pg_hba.conf</>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <acronym>QNX</> and <acronym>BEOS</> ports (Bruce)
-       </para>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-       <para>
-        These ports no longer had active maintainers.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-2">
+  <title>Release 8.2</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <note>
+   <title>Release date</title>
+   <simpara>2006-12-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <para>
-     Below you will find a detailed account of the
-     changes between <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.2 and
-     the previous major release.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Overview</title>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Performance Improvements</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+   <para>
+    This release adds many functionality and performance improvements that
+    were requested by users, including:
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the planner to reorder <link linkend="queries-join">outer
-        joins</link> in some circumstances (Tom)
-       </para>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, outer joins would always be evaluated in
-        the order written in the query. This change allows the
-        query optimizer to consider reordering outer joins, in cases where
-        it can determine that the join order can be changed without
-        altering the meaning of the query.  This can make a
-        considerable performance difference for queries involving
-        multiple outer joins or mixed inner and outer joins.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Query language enhancements including <command>INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
+       RETURNING</command>, multirow <literal>VALUES</literal> lists, and
+       optional target-table alias in
+       <command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE</command>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve efficiency of <link
-        linkend="functions-comparisons"><literal>IN</>
-        (list-of-expressions)</link> clauses (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Index creation without blocking concurrent
+       <command>INSERT</>/<command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE</>
+       operations
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve sorting speed and reduce memory usage (Simon, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Many query optimization improvements, including support for
+       reordering outer joins
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve subtransaction performance (Alvaro, Itagaki Takahiro,
-        Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improved sorting performance with lower memory usage
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>FILLFACTOR</> to <link
-        linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE">table</link> and <link
-        linkend="SQL-CREATEINDEX">index</link> creation (ITAGAKI
-        Takahiro)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       More efficient locking with better concurrency
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This leaves extra free space in each table or index page,
-        allowing improved performance as the database grows.  This
-        is particularly valuable to maintain clustering.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       More efficient vacuuming
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Increase default values for <link
-        linkend="guc-shared-buffers"><varname>shared_buffers</></link>
-        and <link
-        linkend="guc-max-fsm-pages"><varname>max_fsm_pages</></link>
-        (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Easier administration of warm standby servers
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve locking performance by breaking the lock manager tables into
-        sections
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <literal>FILLFACTOR</literal> support for tables and indexes
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows locking to be more fine-grained, reducing
-        contention.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Monitoring, logging, and performance tuning additions
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Reduce locking requirements of sequential scans (Qingqing
-        Zhou)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       More control over creating and dropping objects
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Reduce locking required for database creation and destruction
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Table inheritance relationships can be defined
+       for and removed from pre-existing tables
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve the optimizer's selectivity estimates for <link
-        linkend="functions-like"><literal>LIKE</></link>, <link
-        linkend="functions-like"><literal>ILIKE</></link>, and
-        <link linkend="functions-posix-regexp">regular expression</link>
-        operations (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>COPY TO</command> can copy the output of an arbitrary
+       <command>SELECT</command> statement
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve planning of joins to <link linkend="ddl-inherit">inherited
-        tables</link> and <link linkend="queries-union"><literal>UNION
-        ALL</></link> views (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Array improvements, including nulls in arrays
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="guc-constraint-exclusion">constraint
-        exclusion</link> to be applied to <link
-        linkend="ddl-inherit">inherited</link> <command>UPDATE</> and
-        <command>DELETE</> queries (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Aggregate-function improvements, including multiple-input
+       aggregates and SQL:2003 statistical functions
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        <command>SELECT</> already honored constraint exclusion.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Many <filename>contrib/</filename> improvements
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve planning of constant <literal>WHERE</> clauses, such as
-        a condition that depends only on variables inherited from an
-        outer query level (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Protocol-level unnamed prepared statements are re-planned
-        for each set of <literal>BIND</> values (Tom)
-       </para>
+   </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This improves performance because the exact parameter values
-        can be used in the plan.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Speed up vacuuming of B-Tree indexes (Heikki Linnakangas,
-        Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.2</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Avoid extra scan of tables without indexes during <link
-        linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM</></link> (Greg Stark)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
+    required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
+    release.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve multicolumn <link linkend="GiST"><acronym>GiST</></link>
-        indexing (Oleg, Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Observe the following incompatibilities:
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove dead index entries before B-Tree page split (Junji
-        Teramoto)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Set <link
+       linkend="guc-escape-string-warning"><varname>escape_string_warning</></link>
+       to <literal>on</> by default (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-    </sect3>
+      <para>
+       This issues a warning if backslash escapes are used in
+       <link linkend="sql-syntax-strings">non-escape (non-<literal>E''</>)
+       strings</link>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Server Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change the <link linkend="sql-syntax-row-constructors">row
+       constructor syntax</link> (<literal>ROW(...)</>) so that
+       list elements <literal>foo.*</> will be expanded to a list
+       of their member fields, rather than creating a nested
+       row type field as formerly (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow a forced switch to a new transaction log file (Simon, Tom)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       The new behavior is substantially more useful since it
+       allows, for example, triggers to check for data changes
+       with <literal>IF row(new.*) IS DISTINCT FROM row(old.*)</>.
+       The old behavior is still available by omitting <literal>.*</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This is valuable for keeping warm standby slave servers
-        in sync with the master.  Transaction log file switching now also happens
-        automatically during <link
-        linkend="functions-admin"><function>pg_stop_backup()</></link>.
-        This ensures that all
-        transaction log files needed for recovery can be archived immediately.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <link linkend="row-wise-comparison">row comparisons</link>
+       follow <acronym>SQL</> standard semantics and allow them
+       to be used in index scans (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <acronym>WAL</> informational functions (Simon)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously, row = and &lt;&gt; comparisons followed the
+       standard but &lt; &lt;= &gt; &gt;= did not.  A row comparison
+       can now be used as an index constraint for a multicolumn
+       index matching the row value.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Add functions for interrogating the current transaction log insertion
-        point and determining <acronym>WAL</> filenames from the
-        hex <acronym>WAL</> locations displayed by <link
-        linkend="functions-admin"><function>pg_stop_backup()</></link>
-        and related functions.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <link linkend="functions-comparison">row <literal>IS <optional>NOT</> NULL</literal></link>
+       tests follow <acronym>SQL</> standard semantics (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve recovery from a crash during <acronym>WAL</> replay (Simon)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       The former behavior conformed to the standard for simple cases
+       with <literal>IS NULL</>, but <literal>IS NOT NULL</> would return
+       true if any row field was non-null, whereas the standard says it
+       should return true only when all fields are non-null.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The server now does periodic checkpoints during <acronym>WAL</>
-        recovery, so if there is a crash, future <acronym>WAL</>
-        recovery is shortened.  This also eliminates the need for
-        warm standby servers to replay the entire log since the
-        base backup if they crash.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <link linkend="SQL-SET-CONSTRAINTS"><command>SET
+       CONSTRAINT</></link> affect only one constraint (Kris Jurka)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve reliability of long-term <acronym>WAL</> replay
-        (Heikki, Simon, Tom)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, <command>SET CONSTRAINT</> modified
+       all constraints with a matching name.  In this release,
+       the schema search path is used to modify only the first
+       matching constraint.  A schema specification is also
+       supported.  This more nearly conforms to the SQL standard.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Formerly, trying to roll forward through more than 2 billion
-        transactions would not work due to XID wraparound.  This meant
-        warm standby servers had to be reloaded
-        from fresh base backups periodically.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <literal>RULE</> permission for tables, for security reasons
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link
-        linkend="guc-archive-timeout"><varname>archive_timeout</></link>
-        to force transaction log file switches at a given interval (Simon)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       As of this release, only a table's owner can create or modify
+       rules for the table.  For backwards compatibility,
+       <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE RULE</> is still accepted,
+       but it does nothing.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This enforces a maximum replication delay for warm standby servers.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Array comparison improvements (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add native <link linkend="auth-ldap"><acronym>LDAP</></link>
-        authentication (Magnus Hagander)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       Now array dimensions are also compared.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This is particularly useful for platforms that do not
-        support <acronym>PAM</>, such as Windows.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <link linkend="functions-array">array concatenation</link>
+       to match documented behavior (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="sql-grant-description-objects"><literal>GRANT
-        CONNECT ON DATABASE</></link> (Gevik Babakhani)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This changes the previous behavior where concatenation
+       would modify the array lower bound.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This gives SQL-level control over database access.  It works as
-        an additional filter on top of the existing
-        <link linkend="auth-pg-hba-conf"><filename>pg_hba.conf</></link>
-        controls.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make command-line options of <application>postmaster</>
+       and <link linkend="app-postgres"><application>postgres</></link>
+       identical (Peter)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <link linkend="ssl-tcp"><acronym>SSL</>
-        Certificate Revocation List</link> (<acronym>CRL</>) files
-        (Libor Hoho&scaron;)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows the postmaster to pass arguments to each backend
+       without using <literal>-o</>.  Note that some options are now
+       only available as long-form options, because there were conflicting
+       single-letter options.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The server and <application>libpq</> both recognize <acronym>CRL</>
-        files now.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Deprecate use of <application>postmaster</> symbolic link (Peter)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <link linkend="GiST"><acronym>GiST</></link> indexes are
-        now clusterable (Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       <application>postmaster</> and <application>postgres</>
+       commands now act identically, with the behavior determined
+       by command-line options.  The <application>postmaster</> symbolic link is
+       kept for compatibility, but is not really needed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove routine autovacuum server log entries (Bruce)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <link
+       linkend="guc-log-duration"><varname>log_duration</></link>
+       to output even if the query is not output (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        <link
-        linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><literal>pg_stat_activity</></link>
-        now shows autovacuum activity.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       In prior releases, <varname>log_duration</> only printed if
+       the query appeared earlier in the log.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Track maximum XID age within individual tables, instead of whole databases (Alvaro)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <link
+       linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char(time)</></link>
+       and <link
+       linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char(interval)</></link>
+       treat <literal>HH</> and <literal>HH12</> as 12-hour
+       intervals
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This reduces the overhead involved in preventing transaction
-        ID wraparound, by avoiding unnecessary VACUUMs.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Most applications should use <literal>HH24</> unless they
+       want a 12-hour display.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add last vacuum and analyze timestamp columns to the stats
-        collector (Larry Rosenman)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Zero unmasked bits in conversion from <link
+       linkend="datatype-inet"><type>INET</></link> to <link
+       linkend="datatype-inet"><type>CIDR</></link> (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        These values now appear in the <link
-        linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><literal>pg_stat_*_tables</></link>
-        system views.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This ensures that the converted value is actually valid for
+       <type>CIDR</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve performance of statistics monitoring, especially
-        <link
-        linkend="guc-stats-command-string"><varname>stats_command_string</></link>
-        (Tom, Bruce)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <varname>australian_timezones</> configuration variable
+       (Joachim Wieland)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This release enables <varname>stats_command_string</> by
-        default, now that its overhead is minimal.  This means
-        <link
-        linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><literal>pg_stat_activity</></link>
-        will now show all active queries by default.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This variable has been superseded by a more general facility
+       for configuring timezone abbreviations.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a <literal>waiting</> column to <link
-        linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><literal>pg_stat_activity</></link>
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve cost estimation for nested-loop index scans (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows <structname>pg_stat_activity</> to show all the
-        information included in the <application>ps</> display.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This might eliminate the need to set unrealistically small
+       values of <link
+       linkend="guc-random-page-cost"><varname>random_page_cost</></link>.
+       If you have been using a very small <varname>random_page_cost</>,
+       please recheck your test cases.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add configuration parameter <link
-        linkend="guc-update-process-title"><varname>update_process_title</></link>
-        to control whether the <application>ps</> display is updated
-        for every command (Bruce)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change behavior of <command>pg_dump</> <literal>-n</> and
+       <literal>-t</> options.  (Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       See the <command>pg_dump</> manual page for details.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        On platforms where it is expensive to update the <application>ps</>
-        display, it might be worthwhile to turn this off and rely solely on
-        <structname>pg_stat_activity</> for status information.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <link linkend="libpq"><application>libpq</></link>
+       <function>PQdsplen()</> to return a useful value (Martijn
+       van Oosterhout)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow units to be specified in configuration settings
-        (Peter)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Declare <link linkend="libpq"><application>libpq</></link>
+       <function>PQgetssl()</> as returning <literal>void *</>,
+       rather than <literal>SSL *</> (Martijn van Oosterhout)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        For example, you can now set <link
-        linkend="guc-shared-buffers"><varname>shared_buffers</></link>
-        to <literal>32MB</> rather than mentally converting sizes.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This allows applications to use the function without including
+       the OpenSSL headers.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <link linkend="config-setting">include
-        directives</link> in <filename>postgresql.conf</> (Joachim
-        Wieland)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       C-language loadable modules must now include a
+       <link linkend="xfunc-c-dynload"><literal>PG_MODULE_MAGIC</></link>
+       macro call for version compatibility checking
+       (Martijn van Oosterhout)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       For security's sake, modules used by a PL/PerlU function are no
+       longer available to PL/Perl functions (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <note>
        <para>
-        Improve logging of protocol-level prepare/bind/execute
-        messages (Bruce, Tom)
+        This also implies that data can no longer be shared between a PL/Perl
+        function and a PL/PerlU function.
+        Some Perl installations have not been compiled with the correct flags
+        to allow multiple interpreters to exist within a single process.
+        In this situation PL/Perl and PL/PerlU cannot both be used in a
+        single backend. The solution is to get a Perl installation which
+        supports multiple interpreters.
        </para>
+      </note>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Such logging now shows statement names, bind parameter
-        values, and the text of the query being executed.  Also,
-        the query text is properly included in logged error messages
-        when enabled by <varname>log_min_error_statement</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In <filename>contrib/xml2/</>, rename <function>xml_valid()</> to
+       <function>xml_is_well_formed()</> (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent <link
-        linkend="guc-max-stack-depth"><varname>max_stack_depth</></link>
-        from being set to unsafe values
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       <function>xml_valid()</> will remain for backward compatibility,
+       but its behavior will change to do schema checking in a future
+       release.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        On platforms where we can determine the actual kernel stack depth
-        limit (which is most), make sure that the initial default value of
-        <varname>max_stack_depth</> is safe, and reject attempts to set it
-        to unsafely large values.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <filename>contrib/ora2pg/</>, now at <ulink
+       url="http://www.samse.fr/GPL/ora2pg"></ulink>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Enable highlighting of error location in query in more
-        cases (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove contrib modules that have been migrated to PgFoundry:
+       <filename>adddepend</>, <filename>dbase</>, <filename>dbmirror</>,
+       <filename>fulltextindex</>, <filename>mac</>, <filename>userlock</>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The server is now able to report a specific error location for
-        some semantic errors (such as unrecognized column name), rather
-        than just for basic syntax errors as before.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove abandoned contrib modules:
+       <filename>mSQL-interface</>, <filename>tips</>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
-        <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <acronym>QNX</> and <acronym>BEOS</> ports (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clean out <filename>pg_internal.init</> cache files during server
-        restart (Simon)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       These ports no longer had active maintainers.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This avoids a hazard that the cache files might contain stale
-        data after PITR recovery.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
-        gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bug causing needless deadlock errors on row-level locks (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Below you will find a detailed account of the
+    changes between <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.2 and
+    the previous major release.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Performance Improvements</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Each backend process is now its own process group leader (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the planner to reorder <link linkend="queries-join">outer
+       joins</link> in some circumstances (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows query cancel to abort subprocesses invoked from a
-        backend or archive/recovery process.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, outer joins would always be evaluated in
+       the order written in the query. This change allows the
+       query optimizer to consider reordering outer joins, in cases where
+       it can determine that the join order can be changed without
+       altering the meaning of the query.  This can make a
+       considerable performance difference for queries involving
+       multiple outer joins or mixed inner and outer joins.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve efficiency of <link
+       linkend="functions-comparisons"><literal>IN</>
+       (list-of-expressions)</link> clauses (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve sorting speed and reduce memory usage (Simon, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Query Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve subtransaction performance (Alvaro, Itagaki Takahiro,
+       Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="SQL-INSERT"><command>INSERT</></link>/<link
-        linkend="SQL-UPDATE"><command>UPDATE</></link>/<link
-        linkend="SQL-DELETE"><command>DELETE</></link>
-        <literal>RETURNING</> (Jonah Harris, Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <literal>FILLFACTOR</> to <link
+       linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE">table</link> and <link
+       linkend="SQL-CREATEINDEX">index</link> creation (ITAGAKI
+       Takahiro)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows these commands to return values, such as the
-        computed serial key for a new row.  In the <command>UPDATE</>
-        case, values from the updated version of the row are returned.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This leaves extra free space in each table or index page,
+       allowing improved performance as the database grows.  This
+       is particularly valuable to maintain clustering.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for multiple-row <link
-        linkend="queries-values"><literal>VALUES</></link> clauses,
-        per SQL standard (Joe, Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Increase default values for <link
+       linkend="guc-shared-buffers"><varname>shared_buffers</></link>
+       and <link
+       linkend="guc-max-fsm-pages"><varname>max_fsm_pages</></link>
+       (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows <command>INSERT</> to insert multiple rows of
-        constants, or queries to generate result sets using constants.
-        For example, <literal>INSERT ...  VALUES (...), (...),
-        ....</>, and <literal>SELECT * FROM (VALUES (...), (...),
-        ....) AS alias(f1, ...)</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve locking performance by breaking the lock manager tables into
+       sections
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="SQL-UPDATE"><command>UPDATE</></link>
-        and <link linkend="SQL-DELETE"><command>DELETE</></link>
-        to use an alias for the target table (Atsushi Ogawa)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows locking to be more fine-grained, reducing
+       contention.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The SQL standard does not permit an alias in these commands, but
-        many database systems allow one anyway for notational convenience.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Reduce locking requirements of sequential scans (Qingqing
+       Zhou)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="SQL-UPDATE"><command>UPDATE</></link>
-        to set multiple columns with a list of values (Susanne
-        Ebrecht)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Reduce locking required for database creation and destruction
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This is basically a short-hand for assigning the columns
-        and values in pairs.  The syntax is <literal>UPDATE tab
-        SET (<replaceable>column</>, ...) = (<replaceable>val</>, ...)</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve the optimizer's selectivity estimates for <link
+       linkend="functions-like"><literal>LIKE</></link>, <link
+       linkend="functions-like"><literal>ILIKE</></link>, and
+       <link linkend="functions-posix-regexp">regular expression</link>
+       operations (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make row comparisons work per standard (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve planning of joins to <link linkend="ddl-inherit">inherited
+       tables</link> and <link linkend="queries-union"><literal>UNION
+       ALL</></link> views (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The forms &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;= now compare rows lexicographically,
-        that is, compare the first elements, if equal compare the second
-        elements, and so on.  Formerly they expanded to an AND condition
-        across all the elements, which was neither standard nor very useful.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="guc-constraint-exclusion">constraint
+       exclusion</link> to be applied to <link
+       linkend="ddl-inherit">inherited</link> <command>UPDATE</> and
+       <command>DELETE</> queries (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="SQL-TRUNCATE"><literal>CASCADE</></link>
-        option to <command>TRUNCATE</> (Joachim Wieland)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       <command>SELECT</> already honored constraint exclusion.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This causes <command>TRUNCATE</> to automatically include all tables
-        that reference the specified table(s) via foreign keys.  While
-        convenient, this is a dangerous tool &mdash; use with caution!
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve planning of constant <literal>WHERE</> clauses, such as
+       a condition that depends only on variables inherited from an
+       outer query level (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support <literal>FOR UPDATE</> and <literal>FOR SHARE</>
-        in the same <link linkend="SQL-INSERT"><literal>SELECT</></link>
-        command (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Protocol-level unnamed prepared statements are re-planned
+       for each set of <literal>BIND</> values (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="functions-comparisons"><literal>IS NOT
-        DISTINCT FROM</></link> (Pavel Stehule)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This improves performance because the exact parameter values
+       can be used in the plan.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This operator is similar to equality (<literal>=</>), but
-        evaluates to true when both left and right operands are
-        <literal>NULL</>, and to false when just one is, rather than
-        yielding <literal>NULL</> in these cases.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Speed up vacuuming of B-Tree indexes (Heikki Linnakangas,
+       Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve the length output used by <link
-        linkend="queries-union"><literal>UNION</></link>/<literal>INTERSECT</>/<literal>EXCEPT</>
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Avoid extra scan of tables without indexes during <link
+       linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM</></link> (Greg Stark)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        When all corresponding columns are of the same defined length, that
-        length is used for the result, rather than a generic length.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve multicolumn <link linkend="GiST"><acronym>GiST</></link>
+       indexing (Oleg, Teodor)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="functions-like"><literal>ILIKE</></link>
-        to work for multi-byte encodings (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove dead index entries before B-Tree page split (Junji
+       Teramoto)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Internally, <literal>ILIKE</> now calls <function>lower()</>
-        and then uses <literal>LIKE</>.  Locale-specific regular
-        expression patterns still do not work in these encodings.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Enable <link
-        linkend="guc-standard-conforming-strings"><varname>standard_conforming_strings</></link>
-        to be turned <literal>on</> (Kevin Grittner)
-       </para>
+   </sect3>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows backslash escaping in strings to be disabled,
-        making <productname>PostgreSQL</> more
-        standards-compliant.  The default is <literal>off</> for backwards
-        compatibility, but future releases will default this to <literal>on</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Server Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Do not flatten subqueries that contain <literal>volatile</>
-        functions in their target lists (Jaime Casanova)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow a forced switch to a new transaction log file (Simon, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This prevents surprising behavior due to multiple evaluation
-        of a <literal>volatile</> function (such as <function>random()</>
-        or <function>nextval()</>).  It might cause performance
-        degradation in the presence of functions that are unnecessarily
-        marked as <literal>volatile</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This is valuable for keeping warm standby slave servers
+       in sync with the master.  Transaction log file switching now also happens
+       automatically during <link
+       linkend="functions-admin"><function>pg_stop_backup()</></link>.
+       This ensures that all
+       transaction log files needed for recovery can be archived immediately.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add system views <link
-        linkend="view-pg-prepared-statements"><literal>pg_prepared_statements</></link>
-        and <link
-        linkend="view-pg-cursors"><literal>pg_cursors</></link>
-        to show prepared statements and open cursors (Joachim Wieland, Neil)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <acronym>WAL</> informational functions (Simon)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        These are very useful in pooled connection setups.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add functions for interrogating the current transaction log insertion
+       point and determining <acronym>WAL</> filenames from the
+       hex <acronym>WAL</> locations displayed by <link
+       linkend="functions-admin"><function>pg_stop_backup()</></link>
+       and related functions.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support portal parameters in <link
-        linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN"><command>EXPLAIN</></link> and <link
-        linkend="SQL-EXECUTE"><command>EXECUTE</></link> (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve recovery from a crash during <acronym>WAL</> replay (Simon)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows, for example, <acronym>JDBC</> <literal>?</> parameters to
-        work in these commands.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The server now does periodic checkpoints during <acronym>WAL</>
+       recovery, so if there is a crash, future <acronym>WAL</>
+       recovery is shortened.  This also eliminates the need for
+       warm standby servers to replay the entire log since the
+       base backup if they crash.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        If <acronym>SQL</>-level <link
-        linkend="SQL-PREPARE"><command>PREPARE</></link> parameters
-        are unspecified, infer their types from the content of the
-        query (Neil)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve reliability of long-term <acronym>WAL</> replay
+       (Heikki, Simon, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        Protocol-level <command>PREPARE</> already did this.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Formerly, trying to roll forward through more than 2 billion
+       transactions would not work due to XID wraparound.  This meant
+       warm standby servers had to be reloaded
+       from fresh base backups periodically.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <literal>LIMIT</> and <literal>OFFSET</> to exceed
-        two billion (Dhanaraj M)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link
+       linkend="guc-archive-timeout"><varname>archive_timeout</></link>
+       to force transaction log file switches at a given interval (Simon)
+      </para>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       This enforces a maximum replication delay for warm standby servers.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add native <link linkend="auth-ldap"><acronym>LDAP</></link>
+       authentication (Magnus Hagander)
+      </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       This is particularly useful for platforms that do not
+       support <acronym>PAM</>, such as Windows.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>TABLESPACE</> clause to <link
-        linkend="SQL-CREATETABLEAS"><command>CREATE TABLE AS</></link>
-        (Neil)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="sql-grant-description-objects"><literal>GRANT
+       CONNECT ON DATABASE</></link> (Gevik Babakhani)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows a tablespace to be specified for the new table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This gives SQL-level control over database access.  It works as
+       an additional filter on top of the existing
+       <link linkend="auth-pg-hba-conf"><filename>pg_hba.conf</></link>
+       controls.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>ON COMMIT</> clause to <link
-        linkend="SQL-CREATETABLEAS"><command>CREATE TABLE AS</></link>
-        (Neil)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        This allows temporary tables to be truncated or dropped on
-        transaction commit.  The default behavior is for the table
-        to remain until the session ends.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <link linkend="ssl-tcp"><acronym>SSL</>
+       Certificate Revocation List</link> (<acronym>CRL</>) files
+       (Libor Hoho&scaron;)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS</> to <link
-        linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE"><command>CREATE TABLE LIKE</></link>
-        (Greg Stark)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       The server and <application>libpq</> both recognize <acronym>CRL</>
+       files now.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows easy copying of <literal>CHECK</> constraints to a new
-        table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <link linkend="GiST"><acronym>GiST</></link> indexes are
+       now clusterable (Teodor)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the creation of placeholder (shell) <link
-        linkend="SQL-CREATETYPE">types</link> (Martijn van Oosterhout)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove routine autovacuum server log entries (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        A shell type declaration creates a type name, without specifying
-        any of the details of the type.  Making a shell type is useful
-        because it allows cleaner declaration of the type's input/output
-        functions, which must exist before the type can be defined <quote>for
-        real</>.  The syntax is <command>CREATE TYPE <replaceable
-        class="parameter">typename</replaceable></>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       <link
+       linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><literal>pg_stat_activity</></link>
+       now shows autovacuum activity.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <link linkend="SQL-CREATEAGGREGATE">Aggregate functions</link>
-        now support multiple input parameters (Sergey Koposov, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Track maximum XID age within individual tables, instead of whole databases (Alvaro)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new aggregate creation <link
-        linkend="SQL-CREATEAGGREGATE">syntax</link> (Tom)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This reduces the overhead involved in preventing transaction
+       ID wraparound, by avoiding unnecessary VACUUMs.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The new syntax is <command>CREATE AGGREGATE
-        <replaceable>aggname</> (<replaceable>input_type</>)
-        (<replaceable>parameter_list</>)</command>.  This more
-        naturally supports the new multi-parameter aggregate
-        functionality.  The previous syntax is still supported.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add last vacuum and analyze timestamp columns to the stats
+       collector (Larry Rosenman)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link
-        linkend="SQL-ALTERROLE"><command>ALTER ROLE PASSWORD NULL</></link>
-        to remove a previously set role password (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       These values now appear in the <link
+       linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><literal>pg_stat_*_tables</></link>
+       system views.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>DROP</> object <literal>IF EXISTS</> for many
-        object types (Andrew)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve performance of statistics monitoring, especially
+       <varname>stats_command_string</>
+       (Tom, Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows <command>DROP</> operations on non-existent
-        objects without generating an error.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This release enables <varname>stats_command_string</> by
+       default, now that its overhead is minimal.  This means
+       <link
+       linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><literal>pg_stat_activity</></link>
+       will now show all active queries by default.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="SQL-DROP-OWNED"><literal>DROP OWNED</></link>
-        to drop all objects owned by a role (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a <literal>waiting</> column to <link
+       linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><literal>pg_stat_activity</></link>
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="SQL-REASSIGN-OWNED"><literal>REASSIGN
-        OWNED</></link> to reassign ownership of all objects owned
-        by a role (Alvaro)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows <structname>pg_stat_activity</> to show all the
+       information included in the <application>ps</> display.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This, and <literal>DROP OWNED</> above, facilitate dropping
-        roles.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add configuration parameter <link
+       linkend="guc-update-process-title"><varname>update_process_title</></link>
+       to control whether the <application>ps</> display is updated
+       for every command (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="SQL-GRANT"><command>GRANT ON SEQUENCE</></link>
-        syntax (Bruce)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       On platforms where it is expensive to update the <application>ps</>
+       display, it might be worthwhile to turn this off and rely solely on
+       <structname>pg_stat_activity</> for status information.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This was added for setting sequence-specific permissions.
-        <literal>GRANT ON TABLE</> for sequences is still supported
-        for backward compatibility.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow units to be specified in configuration settings
+       (Peter)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="SQL-GRANT"><literal>USAGE</></link>
-        permission for sequences that allows only <function>currval()</>
-        and <function>nextval()</>, not <function>setval()</>
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       For example, you can now set <link
+       linkend="guc-shared-buffers"><varname>shared_buffers</></link>
+       to <literal>32MB</> rather than mentally converting sizes.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        <literal>USAGE</> permission allows more fine-grained
-        control over sequence access.  Granting <literal>USAGE</>
-        allows users to increment
-        a sequence, but prevents them from setting the sequence to
-        an arbitrary value using <function>setval()</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <link linkend="config-setting">include
+       directives</link> in <filename>postgresql.conf</> (Joachim
+       Wieland)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE"><literal>ALTER TABLE
-        [ NO ] INHERIT</></link> (Greg Stark)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve logging of protocol-level prepare/bind/execute
+       messages (Bruce, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows inheritance to be adjusted dynamically, rather than
-        just at table creation and destruction.  This is very valuable
-        when using inheritance to implement table partitioning.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Such logging now shows statement names, bind parameter
+       values, and the text of the query being executed.  Also,
+       the query text is properly included in logged error messages
+       when enabled by <varname>log_min_error_statement</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="SQL-COMMENT">comments</link> on global
-        objects to be stored globally (Kris Jurka)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Prevent <link
+       linkend="guc-max-stack-depth"><varname>max_stack_depth</></link>
+       from being set to unsafe values
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        Previously, comments attached to databases were stored in individual
-        databases, making them ineffective, and there was no provision
-        at all for comments on roles or tablespaces.  This change adds a new
-        shared catalog <link
-        linkend="catalog-pg-shdescription"><structname>pg_shdescription</structname></link>
-        and stores comments on databases, roles, and tablespaces therein.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       On platforms where we can determine the actual kernel stack depth
+       limit (which is most), make sure that the initial default value of
+       <varname>max_stack_depth</> is safe, and reject attempts to set it
+       to unsafely large values.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Enable highlighting of error location in query in more
+       cases (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-    </sect3>
+      <para>
+       The server is now able to report a specific error location for
+       some semantic errors (such as unrecognized column name), rather
+       than just for basic syntax errors as before.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
+       <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add option to allow indexes to be created without blocking
-        concurrent writes to the table (Greg Stark, Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Clean out <filename>pg_internal.init</> cache files during server
+       restart (Simon)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        The new syntax is <link linkend="SQL-CREATEINDEX"><command>CREATE
-        INDEX CONCURRENTLY</></link>.  The default behavior is
-        still to block table modification while a index is being
-        created.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This avoids a hazard that the cache files might contain stale
+       data after PITR recovery.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Provide <link linkend="functions-advisory-locks">advisory
-        locking</link> functionality (Abhijit Menon-Sen, Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
+       gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This is a new locking API designed to replace what used to be
-        in /contrib/userlock.  The userlock code is now on pgfoundry.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix bug causing needless deadlock errors on row-level locks (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY</></link> to
-        dump a <command>SELECT</> query (Zoltan Boszormenyi, Karel
-        Zak)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows <command>COPY</> to dump arbitrary <acronym>SQL</>
-        queries. The syntax is <literal>COPY (SELECT ...) TO</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Each backend process is now its own process group leader (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make the <link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY</></link>
-        command return a command tag that includes the number of
-        rows copied (Volkan YAZICI)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This allows query cancel to abort subprocesses invoked from a
+       backend or archive/recovery process.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM</></link>
-        to expire rows without being affected by other concurrent
-        <command>VACUUM</> operations (Hannu Krossing, Alvaro, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <link linkend="APP-INITDB"><application>initdb</></link>
-        detect the operating system locale and set the default
-        <varname>DateStyle</> accordingly (Peter)
-       </para>
+   </sect3>
 
-       <para>
-        This makes it more likely that the installed
-        <filename>postgresql.conf</> <varname>DateStyle</> value will
-        be as desired.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Query Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Reduce number of progress messages displayed by <application>initdb</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="SQL-INSERT"><command>INSERT</></link>/<link
+       linkend="SQL-UPDATE"><command>UPDATE</></link>/<link
+       linkend="SQL-DELETE"><command>DELETE</></link>
+       <literal>RETURNING</> (Jonah Harris, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       This allows these commands to return values, such as the
+       computed serial key for a new row.  In the <command>UPDATE</>
+       case, values from the updated version of the row are returned.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for multiple-row <link
+       linkend="queries-values"><literal>VALUES</></link> clauses,
+       per SQL standard (Joe, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Date/Time Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       This allows <command>INSERT</> to insert multiple rows of
+       constants, or queries to generate result sets using constants.
+       For example, <literal>INSERT ...  VALUES (...), (...),
+       ....</>, and <literal>SELECT * FROM (VALUES (...), (...),
+       ....) AS alias(f1, ...)</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow full timezone names in <link
-        linkend="datatype-datetime"><type>timestamp</></link> input values
-        (Joachim Wieland)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="SQL-UPDATE"><command>UPDATE</></link>
+       and <link linkend="SQL-DELETE"><command>DELETE</></link>
+       to use an alias for the target table (Atsushi Ogawa)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        For example, <literal>'2006-05-24 21:11
-        America/New_York'::timestamptz</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The SQL standard does not permit an alias in these commands, but
+       many database systems allow one anyway for notational convenience.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support configurable timezone abbreviations (Joachim Wieland)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="SQL-UPDATE"><command>UPDATE</></link>
+       to set multiple columns with a list of values (Susanne
+       Ebrecht)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        A desired set of timezone abbreviations can be chosen via the
-        configuration parameter <link
-        linkend="guc-timezone-abbreviations"><varname>timezone_abbreviations</></link>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This is basically a short-hand for assigning the columns
+       and values in pairs.  The syntax is <literal>UPDATE tab
+       SET (<replaceable>column</>, ...) = (<replaceable>val</>, ...)</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link
-        linkend="view-pg-timezone-abbrevs"><varname>pg_timezone_abbrevs</></link>
-        and <link
-        linkend="view-pg-timezone-names"><varname>pg_timezone_names</></link>
-        views to show supported timezones (Magnus Hagander)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make row comparisons work per standard (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link
-        linkend="functions-datetime-table"><function>clock_timestamp()</></link>,
-        <link
-        linkend="functions-datetime-table"><function>statement_timestamp()</></link>,
-        and <link
-        linkend="functions-datetime-table"><function>transaction_timestamp()</></link>
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       The forms &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;= now compare rows lexicographically,
+       that is, compare the first elements, if equal compare the second
+       elements, and so on.  Formerly they expanded to an AND condition
+       across all the elements, which was neither standard nor very useful.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        <function>clock_timestamp()</> is the current wall-clock time,
-        <function>statement_timestamp()</> is the time the current
-        statement arrived at the server, and
-        <function>transaction_timestamp()</> is an alias for
-        <function>now()</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="SQL-TRUNCATE"><literal>CASCADE</></link>
+       option to <command>TRUNCATE</> (Joachim Wieland)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link
-        linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char()</></link>
-        to print localized month and day names (Euler Taveira de
-        Oliveira)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This causes <command>TRUNCATE</> to automatically include all tables
+       that reference the specified table(s) via foreign keys.  While
+       convenient, this is a dangerous tool &mdash; use with caution!
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link
-        linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char(time)</></link>
-        and <link
-        linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char(interval)</></link>
-        to output <acronym>AM</>/<acronym>PM</> specifications
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Support <literal>FOR UPDATE</> and <literal>FOR SHARE</>
+       in the same <link linkend="SQL-INSERT"><literal>SELECT</></link>
+       command (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Intervals and times are treated as 24-hour periods, e.g.
-        <literal>25 hours</> is considered <acronym>AM</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="functions-comparisons"><literal>IS NOT
+       DISTINCT FROM</></link> (Pavel Stehule)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new function <link
-        linkend="functions-datetime-table"><function>justify_interval()</></link>
-        to adjust interval units (Mark Dilger)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This operator is similar to equality (<literal>=</>), but
+       evaluates to true when both left and right operands are
+       <literal>NULL</>, and to false when just one is, rather than
+       yielding <literal>NULL</> in these cases.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow timezone offsets up to 14:59 away from GMT
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve the length output used by <link
+       linkend="queries-union"><literal>UNION</></link>/<literal>INTERSECT</>/<literal>EXCEPT</>
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        Kiribati uses GMT+14, so we'd better accept that.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       When all corresponding columns are of the same defined length, that
+       length is used for the result, rather than a generic length.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Interval computation improvements (Michael Glaesemann, Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="functions-like"><literal>ILIKE</></link>
+       to work for multi-byte encodings (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       Internally, <literal>ILIKE</> now calls <function>lower()</>
+       and then uses <literal>LIKE</>.  Locale-specific regular
+       expression patterns still do not work in these encodings.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Enable <link
+       linkend="guc-standard-conforming-strings"><varname>standard_conforming_strings</></link>
+       to be turned <literal>on</> (Kevin Grittner)
+      </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Other Data Type and Function Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       This allows backslash escaping in strings to be disabled,
+       making <productname>PostgreSQL</> more
+       standards-compliant.  The default is <literal>off</> for backwards
+       compatibility, but future releases will default this to <literal>on</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow arrays to contain <literal>NULL</> elements (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Do not flatten subqueries that contain <literal>volatile</>
+       functions in their target lists (Jaime Casanova)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow assignment to array elements not contiguous with the existing
-        entries (Tom)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This prevents surprising behavior due to multiple evaluation
+       of a <literal>volatile</> function (such as <function>random()</>
+       or <function>nextval()</>).  It might cause performance
+       degradation in the presence of functions that are unnecessarily
+       marked as <literal>volatile</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The intervening array positions will be filled with nulls.
-        This is per SQL standard.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add system views <link
+       linkend="view-pg-prepared-statements"><literal>pg_prepared_statements</></link>
+       and <link
+       linkend="view-pg-cursors"><literal>pg_cursors</></link>
+       to show prepared statements and open cursors (Joachim Wieland, Neil)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New built-in <link linkend="functions-array">operators</link>
-        for array-subset comparisons (<literal>@&gt;</>,
-        <literal>&lt;@</>, <literal>&amp;&amp;</>) (Teodor, Tom)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       These are very useful in pooled connection setups.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        These operators can be indexed for many data types using
-        <acronym>GiST</> or <acronym>GIN</> indexes.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Support portal parameters in <link
+       linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN"><command>EXPLAIN</></link> and <link
+       linkend="SQL-EXECUTE"><command>EXECUTE</></link> (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add convenient arithmetic <link
-        linkend="cidr-inet-operators-table">operations</link> on
-        <type>INET</>/<type>CIDR</> values (Stephen R. van den
-        Berg)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows, for example, <acronym>JDBC</> <literal>?</> parameters to
+       work in these commands.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The new operators are <literal>&</> (and), <literal>|</>
-        (or), <literal>~</> (not), <type>inet</> <literal>+</> <type>int8</>,
-        <type>inet</> <literal>-</> <type>int8</>, and
-        <type>inet</> <literal>-</> <type>inet</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       If <acronym>SQL</>-level <link
+       linkend="SQL-PREPARE"><command>PREPARE</></link> parameters
+       are unspecified, infer their types from the content of the
+       query (Neil)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new <link
-        linkend="functions-aggregate-statistics-table">aggregate functions</link>
-        from SQL:2003 (Neil)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       Protocol-level <command>PREPARE</> already did this.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The new functions are <function>var_pop()</>,
-        <function>var_samp()</>, <function>stddev_pop()</>, and
-        <function>stddev_samp()</>.  <function>var_samp()</> and
-        <function>stddev_samp()</> are merely renamings of the
-        existing aggregates <function>variance()</> and
-        <function>stddev()</>.  The latter names remain available
-        for backward compatibility.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <literal>LIMIT</> and <literal>OFFSET</> to exceed
+       two billion (Dhanaraj M)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add SQL:2003 statistical <link
-        linkend="functions-aggregate-statistics-table">aggregates</link>
-        (Sergey Koposov)
-       </para>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-       <para>
-        New functions:  <function>regr_intercept()</>,
-        <function>regr_slope()</>, <function>regr_r2()</>,
-        <function>corr()</>, <function>covar_samp()</>,
-        <function>covar_pop()</>, <function>regr_avgx()</>,
-        <function>regr_avgy()</>, <function>regr_sxy()</>,
-        <function>regr_sxx()</>, <function>regr_syy()</>,
-        <function>regr_count()</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="SQL-CREATEDOMAIN">domains</link> to be
-        based on other domains (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Properly enforce domain <link
-        linkend="ddl-constraints"><literal>CHECK</></link> constraints
-        everywhere (Neil, Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <literal>TABLESPACE</> clause to <link
+       linkend="SQL-CREATETABLEAS"><command>CREATE TABLE AS</></link>
+       (Neil)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        For example, the result of a user-defined function that is
-        declared to return a domain type is now checked against the
-        domain's constraints. This closes a significant hole in the domain
-        implementation.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This allows a tablespace to be specified for the new table.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix problems with dumping renamed <link
-        linkend="datatype-serial"><type>SERIAL</></link> columns
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <literal>ON COMMIT</> clause to <link
+       linkend="SQL-CREATETABLEAS"><command>CREATE TABLE AS</></link>
+       (Neil)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        The fix is to dump a <type>SERIAL</> column by explicitly
-        specifying its <literal>DEFAULT</> and sequence elements,
-        and reconstructing the <type>SERIAL</> column on reload
-        using a new <link linkend="SQL-ALTERSEQUENCE"><command>ALTER
-        SEQUENCE OWNED BY</></link> command.  This also allows
-        dropping a <type>SERIAL</> column specification.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This allows temporary tables to be truncated or dropped on
+       transaction commit.  The default behavior is for the table
+       to remain until the session ends.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a server-side sleep function <link
-        linkend="functions-datetime-delay"><function>pg_sleep()</></link>
-        (Joachim Wieland)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <literal>INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS</> to <link
+       linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE"><command>CREATE TABLE LIKE</></link>
+       (Greg Stark)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add all comparison operators for the <link
-        linkend="datatype-oid"><type>tid</></link> (tuple id) data
-        type (Mark Kirkwood, Greg Stark, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This allows easy copying of <literal>CHECK</> constraints to a new
+       table.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the creation of placeholder (shell) <link
+       linkend="SQL-CREATETYPE">types</link> (Martijn van Oosterhout)
+      </para>
 
-    </sect3>
+      <para>
+       A shell type declaration creates a type name, without specifying
+       any of the details of the type.  Making a shell type is useful
+       because it allows cleaner declaration of the type's input/output
+       functions, which must exist before the type can be defined <quote>for
+       real</>.  The syntax is <command>CREATE TYPE <replaceable
+       class="parameter">typename</replaceable></>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>PL/PgSQL Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <link linkend="SQL-CREATEAGGREGATE">Aggregate functions</link>
+       now support multiple input parameters (Sergey Koposov, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>TG_table_name</> and <literal>TG_table_schema</> to
-        trigger parameters (Andrew)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new aggregate creation <link
+       linkend="SQL-CREATEAGGREGATE">syntax</link> (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        <literal>TG_relname</> is now deprecated.  Comparable
-        changes have been made in the trigger parameters for the other
-        PLs as well.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The new syntax is <command>CREATE AGGREGATE
+       <replaceable>aggname</> (<replaceable>input_type</>)
+       (<replaceable>parameter_list</>)</command>.  This more
+       naturally supports the new multi-parameter aggregate
+       functionality.  The previous syntax is still supported.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <literal>FOR</> statements to return values to scalars
-        as well as records and row types (Pavel Stehule)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link
+       linkend="SQL-ALTERROLE"><command>ALTER ROLE PASSWORD NULL</></link>
+       to remove a previously set role password (Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a <literal>BY</> clause to the <literal>FOR</> loop,
-        to control the iteration increment (Jaime Casanova)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>DROP</> object <literal>IF EXISTS</> for many
+       object types (Andrew)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>STRICT</> to <link
-        linkend="plpgsql-statements-sql-onerow"><command>SELECT
-        INTO</></link> (Matt Miller)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows <command>DROP</> operations on non-existent
+       objects without generating an error.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        <literal>STRICT</> mode throws an exception if more or less
-        than one row is returned by the <command>SELECT</>, for
-        <productname>Oracle PL/SQL</> compatibility.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="SQL-DROP-OWNED"><literal>DROP OWNED</></link>
+       to drop all objects owned by a role (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="SQL-REASSIGN-OWNED"><literal>REASSIGN
+       OWNED</></link> to reassign ownership of all objects owned
+       by a role (Alvaro)
+      </para>
 
-    </sect3>
+      <para>
+       This, and <literal>DROP OWNED</> above, facilitate dropping
+       roles.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>PL/Perl Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="SQL-GRANT"><command>GRANT ON SEQUENCE</></link>
+       syntax (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>table_name</> and <literal>table_schema</> to
-        trigger parameters (Adam Sj&oslash;gren)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This was added for setting sequence-specific permissions.
+       <literal>GRANT ON TABLE</> for sequences is still supported
+       for backward compatibility.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add prepared queries (Dmitry Karasik)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <literal>$_TD</> trigger data a global variable (Andrew)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="SQL-GRANT"><literal>USAGE</></link>
+       permission for sequences that allows only <function>currval()</>
+       and <function>nextval()</>, not <function>setval()</>
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        Previously, it was lexical, which caused unexpected sharing
-        violations.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>USAGE</> permission allows more fine-grained
+       control over sequence access.  Granting <literal>USAGE</>
+       allows users to increment
+       a sequence, but prevents them from setting the sequence to
+       an arbitrary value using <function>setval()</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Run PL/Perl and PL/PerlU in separate interpreters, for security
-        reasons (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In consequence, they can no longer share data nor loaded modules.
-        Also, if Perl has not been compiled with the requisite flags to
-        allow multiple interpreters, only one of these languages can be used
-        in any given backend process.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE"><literal>ALTER TABLE
+       [ NO ] INHERIT</></link> (Greg Stark)
+      </para>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       This allows inheritance to be adjusted dynamically, rather than
+       just at table creation and destruction.  This is very valuable
+       when using inheritance to implement table partitioning.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="SQL-COMMENT">comments</link> on global
+       objects to be stored globally (Kris Jurka)
+      </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>PL/Python Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       Previously, comments attached to databases were stored in individual
+       databases, making them ineffective, and there was no provision
+       at all for comments on roles or tablespaces.  This change adds a new
+       shared catalog <link
+       linkend="catalog-pg-shdescription"><structname>pg_shdescription</structname></link>
+       and stores comments on databases, roles, and tablespaces therein.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Named parameters are passed as ordinary variables, as well as in the
-        <literal>args[]</> array (Sven Suursoho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>table_name</> and <literal>table_schema</> to
-        trigger parameters (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow returning of composite types and result sets (Sven Suursoho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Return result-set as <literal>list</>, <literal>iterator</>,
-        or <literal>generator </>(Sven Suursoho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add option to allow indexes to be created without blocking
+       concurrent writes to the table (Greg Stark, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow functions to return <literal>void</> (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The new syntax is <link linkend="SQL-CREATEINDEX"><command>CREATE
+       INDEX CONCURRENTLY</></link>.  The default behavior is
+       still to block table modification while a index is being
+       created.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Python 2.5 is now supported (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Provide <link linkend="functions-advisory-locks">advisory
+       locking</link> functionality (Abhijit Menon-Sen, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       This is a new locking API designed to replace what used to be
+       in /contrib/userlock.  The userlock code is now on pgfoundry.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY</></link> to
+       dump a <command>SELECT</> query (Zoltan Boszormenyi, Karel
+       Zak)
+      </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><link linkend="APP-PSQL"><application>psql</></link> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       This allows <command>COPY</> to dump arbitrary <acronym>SQL</>
+       queries. The syntax is <literal>COPY (SELECT ...) TO</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new command <literal>\password</> for changing role
-        password with client-side password encryption (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make the <link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY</></link>
+       command return a command tag that includes the number of
+       rows copied (Volkan YAZICI)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <literal>\c</> to connect to a new host and port
-        number (David, Volkan YAZICI)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM</></link>
+       to expire rows without being affected by other concurrent
+       <command>VACUUM</> operations (Hannu Krossing, Alvaro, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add tablespace display to <literal>\l+</> (Philip Yarra)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <link linkend="APP-INITDB"><application>initdb</></link>
+       detect the operating system locale and set the default
+       <varname>DateStyle</> accordingly (Peter)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <literal>\df</> slash command to include the argument
-        names and modes (<literal>OUT</> or <literal>INOUT</>) of
-        the function (David Fetter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This makes it more likely that the installed
+       <filename>postgresql.conf</> <varname>DateStyle</> value will
+       be as desired.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support binary <command>COPY</> (Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Reduce number of progress messages displayed by <application>initdb</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add option to run the entire session in a single transaction
-        (Simon)
-       </para>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-       <para>
-        Use option <literal>-1</> or <literal>--single-transaction</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support for automatically retrieving <command>SELECT</>
-        results in batches using a cursor (Chris Mair)
-       </para>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Date/Time Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-       <para>
-        This is enabled using <command>\set FETCH_COUNT
-        <replaceable>n</></command>. This
-        feature allows large result sets to be retrieved in
-        <application>psql</> without attempting to buffer the entire
-        result set in memory.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow full timezone names in <link
+       linkend="datatype-datetime"><type>timestamp</></link> input values
+       (Joachim Wieland)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make multi-line values align in the proper column
-        (Martijn van Oosterhout)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       For example, <literal>'2006-05-24 21:11
+       America/New_York'::timestamptz</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Field values containing newlines are now displayed in a more
-        readable fashion.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Support configurable timezone abbreviations (Joachim Wieland)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Save multi-line statements as a single entry, rather than
-        one line at a time (Sergey E. Koposov)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       A desired set of timezone abbreviations can be chosen via the
+       configuration parameter <link
+       linkend="guc-timezone-abbreviations"><varname>timezone_abbreviations</></link>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This makes up-arrow recall of queries easier.  (This is
-        not available on Windows, because that platform uses the native
-        command-line editing present in the operating system.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link
+       linkend="view-pg-timezone-abbrevs"><varname>pg_timezone_abbrevs</></link>
+       and <link
+       linkend="view-pg-timezone-names"><varname>pg_timezone_names</></link>
+       views to show supported timezones (Magnus Hagander)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make the line counter 64-bit so it can handle files with more
-        than two billion lines (David Fetter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link
+       linkend="functions-datetime-table"><function>clock_timestamp()</></link>,
+       <link
+       linkend="functions-datetime-table"><function>statement_timestamp()</></link>,
+       and <link
+       linkend="functions-datetime-table"><function>transaction_timestamp()</></link>
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Report both the returned data and the command status tag
-        for <command>INSERT</>/<command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE
-        RETURNING</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       <function>clock_timestamp()</> is the current wall-clock time,
+       <function>statement_timestamp()</> is the time the current
+       statement arrived at the server, and
+       <function>transaction_timestamp()</> is an alias for
+       <function>now()</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link
+       linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char()</></link>
+       to print localized month and day names (Euler Taveira de
+       Oliveira)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link
+       linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char(time)</></link>
+       and <link
+       linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char(interval)</></link>
+       to output <acronym>AM</>/<acronym>PM</> specifications
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><link linkend="APP-PGDUMP"><application>pg_dump</></link> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       Intervals and times are treated as 24-hour periods, e.g.
+       <literal>25 hours</> is considered <acronym>AM</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow complex selection of objects to be included or excluded
-        by <application>pg_dump</> (Greg Sabino Mullane)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new function <link
+       linkend="functions-datetime-table"><function>justify_interval()</></link>
+       to adjust interval units (Mark Dilger)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        <application>pg_dump</> now supports multiple <literal>-n</>
-        (schema) and <literal>-t</> (table) options, and adds
-        <literal>-N</> and <literal>-T</> options to exclude objects.
-        Also, the arguments of these switches can now be wild-card expressions
-        rather than single object names, for example
-        <literal>-t 'foo*'</>, and a schema can be part of
-        a <literal>-t</> or <literal>-T</> switch, for example
-        <literal>-t schema1.table1</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow timezone offsets up to 14:59 away from GMT
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="APP-PGRESTORE"><application>pg_restore</></link>
-        <literal>--no-data-for-failed-tables</> option to suppress
-        loading data if table creation failed (i.e., the table already
-        exists) (Martin Pitt)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Kiribati uses GMT+14, so we'd better accept that.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="APP-PGRESTORE"><application>pg_restore</></link>
-        option to run the entire session in a single transaction
-        (Simon)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Interval computation improvements (Michael Glaesemann, Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Use option <literal>-1</> or <literal>--single-transaction</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-    </sect3>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Other Data Type and Function Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><link linkend="libpq"><application>libpq</></link> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow arrays to contain <literal>NULL</> elements (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link
-        linkend="libpq-misc"><function>PQencryptPassword()</></link>
-        to encrypt passwords (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow assignment to array elements not contiguous with the existing
+       entries (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows passwords to be sent pre-encrypted for commands
-        like <link linkend="SQL-ALTERROLE"><command>ALTER ROLE ...
-        PASSWORD</></link>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The intervening array positions will be filled with nulls.
+       This is per SQL standard.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add function <link
-        linkend="libpq-threading"><function>PQisthreadsafe()</></link>
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New built-in <link linkend="functions-array">operators</link>
+       for array-subset comparisons (<literal>@&gt;</>,
+       <literal>&lt;@</>, <literal>&amp;&amp;</>) (Teodor, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        This allows applications to query the thread-safety status
-        of the library.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       These operators can be indexed for many data types using
+       <acronym>GiST</> or <acronym>GIN</> indexes.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link
-        linkend="libpq-exec-main"><function>PQdescribePrepared()</></link>,
-        <link
-        linkend="libpq-exec-main"><function>PQdescribePortal()</></link>,
-        and related functions to return information about previously
-        prepared statements and open cursors (Volkan YAZICI)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add convenient arithmetic <link
+       linkend="cidr-inet-operators-table">operations</link> on
+       <type>INET</>/<type>CIDR</> values (Stephen R. van den
+       Berg)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="libpq-ldap"><acronym>LDAP</></link> lookups
-        from <link
-        linkend="libpq-pgservice"><filename>pg_service.conf</></link>
-        (Laurenz Albe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The new operators are <literal>&amp;</> (and), <literal>|</>
+       (or), <literal>~</> (not), <type>inet</> <literal>+</> <type>int8</>,
+       <type>inet</> <literal>-</> <type>int8</>, and
+       <type>inet</> <literal>-</> <type>inet</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow a hostname in <link
-        linkend="libpq-pgpass"><filename>~/.pgpass</></link>
-        to match the default socket directory (Bruce)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new <link
+       linkend="functions-aggregate-statistics-table">aggregate functions</link>
+       from SQL:2003 (Neil)
+      </para>
 
-       <para>
-        A blank hostname continues to match any Unix-socket connection,
-        but this addition allows entries that are specific to one of
-        several postmasters on the machine.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The new functions are <function>var_pop()</>,
+       <function>var_samp()</>, <function>stddev_pop()</>, and
+       <function>stddev_samp()</>.  <function>var_samp()</> and
+       <function>stddev_samp()</> are merely renamings of the
+       existing aggregates <function>variance()</> and
+       <function>stddev()</>.  The latter names remain available
+       for backward compatibility.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add SQL:2003 statistical <link
+       linkend="functions-aggregate-statistics-table">aggregates</link>
+       (Sergey Koposov)
+      </para>
 
-    </sect3>
+      <para>
+       New functions:  <function>regr_intercept()</>,
+       <function>regr_slope()</>, <function>regr_r2()</>,
+       <function>corr()</>, <function>covar_samp()</>,
+       <function>covar_pop()</>, <function>regr_avgx()</>,
+       <function>regr_avgy()</>, <function>regr_sxy()</>,
+       <function>regr_sxx()</>, <function>regr_syy()</>,
+       <function>regr_count()</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><link linkend="ecpg"><application>ecpg</></link> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="SQL-CREATEDOMAIN">domains</link> to be
+       based on other domains (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <link linkend="SQL-SHOW"><command>SHOW</></link> to
-        put its result into a variable (Joachim Wieland)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Properly enforce domain <link
+       linkend="ddl-constraints"><literal>CHECK</></link> constraints
+       everywhere (Neil, Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY TO STDOUT</></link>
-        (Joachim Wieland)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       For example, the result of a user-defined function that is
+       declared to return a domain type is now checked against the
+       domain's constraints. This closes a significant hole in the domain
+       implementation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add regression tests (Joachim Wieland, Michael)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix problems with dumping renamed <link
+       linkend="datatype-serial"><type>SERIAL</></link> columns
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Major source code cleanups (Joachim Wieland, Michael)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       The fix is to dump a <type>SERIAL</> column by explicitly
+       specifying its <literal>DEFAULT</> and sequence elements,
+       and reconstructing the <type>SERIAL</> column on reload
+       using a new <link linkend="SQL-ALTERSEQUENCE"><command>ALTER
+       SEQUENCE OWNED BY</></link> command.  This also allows
+       dropping a <type>SERIAL</> column specification.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a server-side sleep function <link
+       linkend="functions-datetime-delay"><function>pg_sleep()</></link>
+       (Joachim Wieland)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add all comparison operators for the <link
+       linkend="datatype-oid"><type>tid</></link> (tuple id) data
+       type (Mark Kirkwood, Greg Stark, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>Windows</> Port</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <acronym>MSVC</> to compile the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
-        server (Magnus, Hiroshi Saito)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <acronym>MSVC</> support for utility commands and <link
-        linkend="APP-PGDUMP"><application>pg_dump</></link> (Hiroshi
-        Saito)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>PL/PgSQL Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for Windows code pages <literal>1253</>,
-        <literal>1254</>, <literal>1255</>, and <literal>1257</>
-        (Kris Jurka)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <literal>TG_table_name</> and <literal>TG_table_schema</> to
+       trigger parameters (Andrew)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Drop privileges on startup, so that the server can be started from
-        an administrative account (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>TG_relname</> is now deprecated.  Comparable
+       changes have been made in the trigger parameters for the other
+       PLs as well.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Stability fixes (Qingqing Zhou, Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <literal>FOR</> statements to return values to scalars
+       as well as records and row types (Pavel Stehule)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add native semaphore implementation (Qingqing Zhou)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a <literal>BY</> clause to the <literal>FOR</> loop,
+       to control the iteration increment (Jaime Casanova)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        The previous code mimicked SysV semaphores.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <literal>STRICT</> to <link
+       linkend="plpgsql-statements-sql-onerow"><command>SELECT
+       INTO</></link> (Matt Miller)
+      </para>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       <literal>STRICT</> mode throws an exception if more or less
+       than one row is returned by the <command>SELECT</>, for
+       <productname>Oracle PL/SQL</> compatibility.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    </sect3>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Source Code Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link linkend="GIN"><acronym>GIN</></link> (Generalized
-        Inverted iNdex) index access method (Teodor, Oleg)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>PL/Perl Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove R-tree indexing (Tom)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <literal>table_name</> and <literal>table_schema</> to
+       trigger parameters (Adam Sj&oslash;gren)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Rtree has been re-implemented using <link
-        linkend="GiST"><acronym>GiST</></link>. Among other
-        differences, this means that rtree indexes now have support
-        for crash recovery via write-ahead logging (WAL).
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add prepared queries (Dmitry Karasik)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Reduce libraries needlessly linked into the backend (Martijn
-        van Oosterhout, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <literal>$_TD</> trigger data a global variable (Andrew)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a configure flag to allow libedit to be preferred over
-        <acronym>GNU</> readline (Bruce)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously, it was lexical, which caused unexpected sharing
+       violations.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        Use configure <link
-        linkend="configure"><literal>--with-libedit-preferred</></link>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Run PL/Perl and PL/PerlU in separate interpreters, for security
+       reasons (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In consequence, they can no longer share data nor loaded modules.
+       Also, if Perl has not been compiled with the requisite flags to
+       allow multiple interpreters, only one of these languages can be used
+       in any given backend process.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow installation into directories containing spaces
-        (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve ability to relocate installation directories (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <productname>Solaris x86_64</> using the
-        <productname>Solaris</> compiler (Pierre Girard, Theo
-        Schlossnagle, Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>PL/Python Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <application>DTrace</> support (Robert Lor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Named parameters are passed as ordinary variables, as well as in the
+       <literal>args[]</> array (Sven Suursoho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>PG_VERSION_NUM</> for use by third-party
-        applications wanting to test the backend version in C using &gt;
-        and &lt; comparisons (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <literal>table_name</> and <literal>table_schema</> to
+       trigger parameters (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>XLOG_BLCKSZ</> as independent from <literal>BLCKSZ</>
-        (Mark Wong)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow returning of composite types and result sets (Sven Suursoho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <literal>LWLOCK_STATS</> define to report locking
-        activity (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Return result-set as <literal>list</>, <literal>iterator</>,
+       or <literal>generator </>(Sven Suursoho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Emit warnings for unknown <application>configure</> options
-        (Martijn van Oosterhout)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow functions to return <literal>void</> (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add server support for <quote>plugin</> libraries
-        that can be used for add-on tasks such as debugging and performance
-        measurement (Korry Douglas)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Python 2.5 is now supported (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This consists of two features: a table of <quote>rendezvous
-        variables</> that allows separately-loaded shared libraries to
-        communicate, and a new configuration parameter <link
-        linkend="guc-local-preload-libraries"><varname>local_preload_libraries</></link>
-        that allows libraries to be loaded into specific sessions without
-        explicit cooperation from the client application.  This allows
-        external add-ons to implement features such as a PL/PgSQL debugger.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rename existing configuration parameter
-        <varname>preload_libraries</> to <link
-        linkend="guc-shared-preload-libraries"><varname>shared_preload_libraries</></link>
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
+   </sect3>
 
-       <para>
-        This was done for clarity in comparison to
-        <varname>local_preload_libraries</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><link linkend="APP-PSQL"><application>psql</></link> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new configuration parameter <link
-        linkend="guc-server-version-num"><varname>server_version_num</></link>
-        (Greg Sabino Mullane)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        This is like <varname>server_version</varname>, but is an
-        integer, e.g.  <literal>80200</>. This allows applications to
-        make version checks more easily.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a configuration parameter <link
-        linkend="guc-seq-page-cost"><varname>seq_page_cost</></link>
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Re-implement the <link linkend="regress">regression test</link> script as a C program
-        (Magnus, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow loadable modules to allocate shared memory and
-        lightweight locks (Marc Munro)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add automatic initialization and finalization of dynamically
-        loaded libraries (Ralf Engelschall, Tom)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        New <link linkend="xfunc-c-dynload">functions</link>
-        <function>_PG_init()</> and <function>_PG_fini()</> are
-        called if the library defines such symbols.  Hence we no
-        longer need to specify an initialization function in
-        <varname>shared_preload_libraries</>; we can assume that
-        the library used the <function>_PG_init()</> convention
-        instead.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <link
-        linkend="xfunc-c-dynload"><literal>PG_MODULE_MAGIC</></link>
-        header block to all shared object files (Martijn van
-        Oosterhout)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        The magic block prevents version mismatches between loadable object
-        files and servers.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-         Add shared library support for AIX (Laurenz Albe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <link linkend="datatype-xml"><acronym>XML</></link>
-        documentation section (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-     </itemizedlist>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Contrib Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Major tsearch2 improvements (Oleg, Teodor)
-       </para>
-
-       <itemizedlist>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          multibyte encoding support, including <acronym>UTF8</>
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          query rewriting support
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          improved ranking functions
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          thesaurus dictionary support
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Ispell dictionaries now recognize <application>MySpell</>
-          format, used by <application>OpenOffice</>
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          <acronym>GIN</> support
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-       </itemizedlist>
-
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add adminpack module containing <application>Pgadmin</> administration
-        functions (Dave)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        These functions provide additional file system access
-        routines not present in the default <productname>PostgreSQL</>
-        server.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add sslinfo module (Victor Wagner)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        Reports information about the current connection's <acronym>SSL</>
-        certificate.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add pgrowlocks module (Tatsuo)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        This shows row locking information for a specified table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add hstore module (Oleg, Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add isn module, replacing isbn_issn (Jeremy Kronuz)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        This new implementation supports <acronym>EAN13</>, <acronym>UPC</>,
-        <acronym>ISBN</> (books), <acronym>ISMN</> (music), and
-        <acronym>ISSN</> (serials).
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add index information functions to pgstattuple (ITAGAKI Takahiro,
-        Satoshi Nagayasu)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add pg_freespacemap module to display free space map information
-        (Mark Kirkwood)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        pgcrypto now has all planned functionality (Marko Kreen)
-       </para>
-       <itemizedlist>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Include iMath library in pgcrypto to have the public-key encryption
-          functions always available.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Add SHA224 algorithm that was missing in OpenBSD code.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Activate builtin code for SHA224/256/384/512 hashes on older
-          OpenSSL to have those algorithms always available.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          New function gen_random_bytes() that returns cryptographically strong
-          randomness.  Useful for generating encryption keys.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Remove digest_exists(), hmac_exists() and cipher_exists() functions.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-       </itemizedlist>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improvements to cube module (Joshua Reich)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        New functions are <function>cube(float[])</>,
-        <function>cube(float[], float[])</>, and
-        <function>cube_subset(cube, int4[])</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add async query capability to dblink (Kai Londenberg,
-        Joe Conway)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New operators for array-subset comparisons (<literal>@&gt;</>,
-        <literal>&lt;@</>, <literal>&amp;&amp;</>) (Tom)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        Various contrib packages already had these operators for their
-        datatypes, but the naming wasn't consistent.  We have now added
-        consistently named array-subset comparison operators to the core code
-        and all the contrib packages that have such functionality.
-        (The old names remain available, but are deprecated.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add uninstall scripts for all contrib packages that have install
-        scripts (David, Josh Drake)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-     </itemizedlist>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-10">
-   <title>Release 8.1.10</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.9.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.10</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new command <literal>\password</> for changing role
+       password with client-side password encryption (Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
+       Allow <literal>\c</> to connect to a new host and port
+       number (David, Volkan YAZICI)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+       Add tablespace display to <literal>\l+</> (Philip Yarra)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Allow the <type>interval</> data type to accept input consisting only of
-       milliseconds or microseconds (Neil)
+       Improve <literal>\df</> slash command to include the argument
+       names and modes (<literal>OUT</> or <literal>INOUT</>) of
+       the function (David Fetter)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Speed up rtree index insertion (Teodor)
+       Support binary <command>COPY</> (Andreas Pflug)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+       Add option to run the entire session in a single transaction
+       (Simon)
       </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
-       the syslogger process (Andrew)
+       Use option <literal>-1</> or <literal>--single-transaction</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
+       Support for automatically retrieving <command>SELECT</>
+       results in batches using a cursor (Chris Mair)
       </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
+       This is enabled using <command>\set FETCH_COUNT
+       <replaceable>n</></command>. This
+       feature allows large result sets to be retrieved in
+       <application>psql</> without attempting to buffer the entire
+       result set in memory.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent <command>REINDEX</> and <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
-       due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+       Make multi-line values align in the proper column
+       (Martijn van Oosterhout)
       </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
       <para>
-       Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
+       Field values containing newlines are now displayed in a more
+       readable fashion.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Windows socket improvements (Magnus)
+       Save multi-line statements as a single entry, rather than
+       one line at a time (Sergey E. Koposov)
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+       This makes up-arrow recall of queries easier.  (This is
+       not available on Windows, because that platform uses the native
+       command-line editing present in the operating system.)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
-       because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
+       Make the line counter 64-bit so it can handle files with more
+       than two billion lines (David Fetter)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+       Report both the returned data and the command status tag
+       for <command>INSERT</>/<command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE
+       RETURNING</> (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
     </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   </sect3>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-9">
-   <title>Release 8.1.9</title>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><link linkend="APP-PGDUMP"><application>pg_dump</></link> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow complex selection of objects to be included or excluded
+       by <application>pg_dump</> (Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.8,
-    including a security fix.
-   </para>
+      <para>
+       <application>pg_dump</> now supports multiple <literal>-n</>
+       (schema) and <literal>-t</> (table) options, and adds
+       <literal>-N</> and <literal>-T</> options to exclude objects.
+       Also, the arguments of these switches can now be wild-card expressions
+       rather than single object names, for example
+       <literal>-t 'foo*'</>, and a schema can be part of
+       a <literal>-t</> or <literal>-T</> switch, for example
+       <literal>-t schema1.table1</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.9</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="APP-PGRESTORE"><application>pg_restore</></link>
+       <literal>--no-data-for-failed-tables</> option to suppress
+       loading data if table creation failed (i.e., the table already
+       exists) (Martin Pitt)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="APP-PGRESTORE"><application>pg_restore</></link>
+       option to run the entire session in a single transaction
+       (Simon)
+      </para>
 
-   </sect2>
+      <para>
+       Use option <literal>-1</> or <literal>--single-transaction</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
+   </sect3>
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title><link linkend="libpq"><application>libpq</></link> Changes</title>
     <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link
+       linkend="libpq-misc"><function>PQencryptPassword()</></link>
+       to encrypt passwords (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows passwords to be sent pre-encrypted for commands
+       like <link linkend="SQL-ALTERROLE"><command>ALTER ROLE ...
+       PASSWORD</></link>.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Require <command>COMMIT PREPARED</> to be executed in the same
-      database as the transaction was prepared in (Heikki)
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add function <link
+       linkend="libpq-threading"><function>PQisthreadsafe()</></link>
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows applications to query the thread-safety status
+       of the library.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Planner fixes, including improving outer join and bitmap scan
-      selection logic (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add <link
+       linkend="libpq-exec-main"><function>PQdescribePrepared()</></link>,
+       <link
+       linkend="libpq-exec-main"><function>PQdescribePortal()</></link>,
+       and related functions to return information about previously
+       prepared statements and open cursors (Volkan YAZICI)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 8.1.6)
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="libpq-ldap"><acronym>LDAP</></link> lookups
+       from <link
+       linkend="libpq-pgservice"><filename>pg_service.conf</></link>
+       (Laurenz Albe)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Allow a hostname in <link
+       linkend="libpq-pgpass"><filename>~/.pgpass</></link>
+       to match the default socket directory (Bruce)
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+       A blank hostname continues to match any Unix-socket connection,
+       but this addition allows entries that are specific to one of
+       several postmasters on the machine.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
     </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   </sect3>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-8">
-   <title>Release 8.1.8</title>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><link linkend="ecpg"><application>ecpg</></link> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <link linkend="SQL-SHOW"><command>SHOW</></link> to
+       put its result into a variable (Joachim Wieland)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains one fix from 8.1.7.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY TO STDOUT</></link>
+       (Joachim Wieland)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.8</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add regression tests (Joachim Wieland, Michael)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Major source code cleanups (Joachim Wieland, Michael)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   </sect3>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>Windows</> Port</title>
     <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
-      functional indexes(Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Allow <acronym>MSVC</> to compile the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
+       server (Magnus, Hiroshi Saito)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <acronym>MSVC</> support for utility commands and <link
+       linkend="APP-PGDUMP"><application>pg_dump</></link> (Hiroshi
+       Saito)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-7">
-   <title>Release 8.1.7</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for Windows code pages <literal>1253</>,
+       <literal>1254</>, <literal>1255</>, and <literal>1257</>
+       (Kris Jurka)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Drop privileges on startup, so that the server can be started from
+       an administrative account (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.6, including
-    a security fix.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Stability fixes (Qingqing Zhou, Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.7</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add native semaphore implementation (Qingqing Zhou)
+      </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+      <para>
+       The previous code mimicked SysV semaphores.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   </sect3>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Source Code Changes</title>
     <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
-      function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
-      data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
-      errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add <link linkend="GIN"><acronym>GIN</></link> (Generalized
+       Inverted iNdex) index access method (Teodor, Oleg)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Remove R-tree indexing (Tom)
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+       Rtree has been re-implemented using <link
+       linkend="GiST"><acronym>GiST</></link>. Among other
+       differences, this means that rtree indexes now have support
+       for crash recovery via write-ahead logging (WAL).
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improve <command>VACUUM</> performance for databases with many tables (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Reduce libraries needlessly linked into the backend (Martijn
+       van Oosterhout, Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix autovacuum to avoid leaving non-permanent transaction IDs in
-      non-connectable databases (Alvaro)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add a configure flag to allow libedit to be preferred over
+       <acronym>GNU</> readline (Bruce)
+      </para>
 
-     <para>
-      This bug affects the 8.1 branch only.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Use configure <link
+       linkend="configure"><literal>--with-libedit-preferred</></link>.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Allow installation into directories containing spaces
+       (Peter)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Improve ability to relocate installation directories (Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix bogus <quote>permission denied</> failures occurring on Windows
-      due to attempts to fsync already-deleted files (Magnus, Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <productname>Solaris x86_64</> using the
+       <productname>Solaris</> compiler (Pierre Girard, Theo
+       Schlossnagle, Bruce)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix possible crashes when an already-in-use PL/pgSQL function is
-      updated (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add <application>DTrace</> support (Robert Lor)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-6">
-   <title>Release 8.1.6</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.5.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.6</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+       Add <literal>PG_VERSION_NUM</> for use by third-party
+       applications wanting to test the backend version in C using &gt;
+       and &lt; comparisons (Bruce)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
-       among other things.
+       Add <literal>XLOG_BLCKSZ</> as independent from <literal>BLCKSZ</>
+       (Mark Wong)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix <application>pg_restore</> to handle a tar-format backup
-       that contains large objects (blobs) with comments (Tom)
+       Add <literal>LWLOCK_STATS</> define to report locking
+       activity (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
-        <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clean out <filename>pg_internal.init</> cache files during server
-        restart (Simon)
-       </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Emit warnings for unknown <application>configure</> options
+       (Martijn van Oosterhout)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        This avoids a hazard that the cache files might contain stale
-        data after PITR recovery.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add server support for <quote>plugin</> libraries
+       that can be used for add-on tasks such as debugging and performance
+       measurement (Korry Douglas)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
-        gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This consists of two features: a table of <quote>rendezvous
+       variables</> that allows separately-loaded shared libraries to
+       communicate, and a new configuration parameter <link
+       linkend="guc-local-preload-libraries"><varname>local_preload_libraries</></link>
+       that allows libraries to be loaded into specific sessions without
+       explicit cooperation from the client application.  This allows
+       external add-ons to implement features such as a PL/PgSQL debugger.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bug causing needless deadlock errors on row-level locks (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Rename existing configuration parameter
+       <varname>preload_libraries</> to <link
+       linkend="guc-shared-preload-libraries"><varname>shared_preload_libraries</></link>
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       This was done for clarity in comparison to
+       <varname>local_preload_libraries</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix possible deadlock in Windows signal handling (Teodor)
+       Add new configuration parameter <link
+       linkend="guc-server-version-num"><varname>server_version_num</></link>
+       (Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+       This is like <varname>server_version</varname>, but is an
+       integer, e.g.  <literal>80200</>. This allows applications to
+       make version checks more easily.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
-       empty elements (Tom)
+       Add a configuration parameter <link
+       linkend="guc-seq-page-cost"><varname>seq_page_cost</></link>
+       (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix ecpg memory leak during connection (Michael)
+       Re-implement the <link linkend="regress">regression test</link> script as a C program
+       (Magnus, Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix for Darwin (OS X) compilation (Tom)
+       Allow loadable modules to allocate shared memory and
+       lightweight locks (Marc Munro)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
-       are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
-       new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+       Add automatic initialization and finalization of dynamically
+       loaded libraries (Ralf Engelschall, Tom)
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
-       change the output of these functions.
+       New <link linkend="xfunc-c-dynload">functions</link>
+       <function>_PG_init()</> and <function>_PG_fini()</> are
+       called if the library defines such symbols.  Hence we no
+       longer need to specify an initialization function in
+       <varname>shared_preload_libraries</>; we can assume that
+       the library used the <function>_PG_init()</> convention
+       instead.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+       Add <link
+       linkend="xfunc-c-dynload"><literal>PG_MODULE_MAGIC</></link>
+       header block to all shared object files (Martijn van
+       Oosterhout)
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+       The magic block prevents version mismatches between loadable object
+       files and servers.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Update timezone database
+        Add shared library support for AIX (Laurenz Albe)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This affects Australian and Canadian daylight-savings rules in
-       particular.
+       New <link linkend="datatype-xml"><acronym>XML</></link>
+       documentation section (Bruce)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
     </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   </sect3>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-5">
-   <title>Release 8.1.5</title>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Contrib Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Major tsearch2 improvements (Oleg, Teodor)
+      </para>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.4.
-   </para>
+      <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.5</title>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         multibyte encoding support, including <acronym>UTF8</>
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         query rewriting support
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         improved ranking functions
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         thesaurus dictionary support
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Ispell dictionaries now recognize <application>MySpell</>
+         format, used by <application>OpenOffice</>
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         <acronym>GIN</> support
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+      </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add adminpack module containing <application>Pgadmin</> administration
+       functions (Dave)
+      </para>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Disallow aggregate functions in <command>UPDATE</>
-commands, except within sub-SELECTs (Tom)</para>
-<para>The behavior of such an aggregate was unpredictable, and in 8.1.X
-could cause a crash, so it has been disabled.  The SQL standard does not allow
-this either.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
-ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix core dump in duration logging for extended query protocol
-when a <command>COMMIT</> or <command>ROLLBACK</> is
-executed</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix mishandling of AFTER triggers when query contains a SQL
-function returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER TABLE ... TYPE</> to recheck
-<literal>NOT NULL</> for <literal>USING</> clause (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
-  matches for the separator string</para>
-<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>to_timestamp()</> for
-<literal>AM</>/<literal>PM</> formats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix autovacuum's calculation that decides whether
-  <command>ANALYZE</> is needed (Alvaro)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
-  <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
-  (Teodor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Numerous robustness fixes in <application>ecpg</> (Joachim
-Wieland)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Minor fixes in /contrib/dblink and /contrib/tsearch2</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Efficiency improvements in hash tables and bitmap index scans
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix instability of statistics collection on Windows (Tom, Andrew)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <varname>statement_timeout</> to use the proper
-units on Win32 (Bruce)</para>
-<para>In previous Win32 8.1.X versions, the delay was off by a factor of
-100.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for <acronym>MSVC</> and <productname>Borland C++</>
-compilers (Hiroshi Saito)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> and
-<productname>Intel</> compilers (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix rare bug in continuous archiving (Tom)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       These functions provide additional file system access
+       routines not present in the default <productname>PostgreSQL</>
+       server.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add sslinfo module (Victor Wagner)
+      </para>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-4">
-   <title>Release 8.1.4</title>
+      <para>
+       Reports information about the current connection's <acronym>SSL</>
+       certificate.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add pgrowlocks module (Tatsuo)
+      </para>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.3,
-    including patches for extremely serious security issues.
-   </para>
+      <para>
+       This shows row locking information for a specified table.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.4</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add hstore module (Oleg, Teodor)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add isn module, replacing isbn_issn (Jeremy Kronuz)
+      </para>
 
-    <para>
-     Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
-     CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
-     code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
-     into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
-     ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
-     most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
-     libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
-     <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
-     rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+      <para>
+       This new implementation supports <acronym>EAN13</>, <acronym>UPC</>,
+       <acronym>ISBN</> (books), <acronym>ISMN</> (music), and
+       <acronym>ISSN</> (serials).
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add index information functions to pgstattuple (ITAGAKI Takahiro,
+       Satoshi Nagayasu)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
-characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
-<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
-some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
-textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
-defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add pg_freespacemap module to display free space map information
+       (Mark Kirkwood)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
-<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
-described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
-<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
-literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
-<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
-GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
-A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
-adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
-CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
-<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
-clients are insecure.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       pgcrypto now has all planned functionality (Marko Kreen)
+      </para>
+      <itemizedlist>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Include iMath library in pgcrypto to have the public-key encryption
+         functions always available.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Add SHA224 algorithm that was missing in OpenBSD code.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Activate builtin code for SHA224/256/384/512 hashes on older
+         OpenSSL to have those algorithms always available.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         New function gen_random_bytes() that returns cryptographically strong
+         randomness.  Useful for generating encryption keys.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Remove digest_exists(), hmac_exists() and cipher_exists() functions.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+      </itemizedlist>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
-aware of encoding considerations and
-<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
-<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
-issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
-them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
-Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
-concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
-<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
-for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
-do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
-routines instead.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improvements to cube module (Joshua Reich)
+      </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix weak key selection in pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para>
-<para>Errors in fortuna PRNG reseeding logic could cause a predictable
-session key to be selected by <function>pgp_sym_encrypt()</> in some cases.
-This only affects non-OpenSSL-using builds.
-</para></listitem>
+      <para>
+       New functions are <function>cube(float[])</>,
+       <function>cube(float[], float[])</>, and
+       <function>cube_subset(cube, int4[])</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
-<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>win866_to_iso</>,
-<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
-<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
-extents.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add async query capability to dblink (Kai Londenberg,
+       Joe Conway)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
-(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New operators for array-subset comparisons (<literal>@&gt;</>,
+       <literal>&lt;@</>, <literal>&amp;&amp;</>) (Tom)
+      </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Make autovacuum visible in <structname>pg_stat_activity</>
-(Alvaro)</para></listitem>
+      <para>
+       Various contrib packages already had these operators for their
+       datatypes, but the naming wasn't consistent.  We have now added
+       consistently named array-subset comparison operators to the core code
+       and all the contrib packages that have such functionality.
+       (The old names remain available, but are deprecated.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Disable <literal>full_page_writes</> (Tom)</para>
-<para>In certain cases, having <literal>full_page_writes</> off would cause
-crash recovery to fail.  A proper fix will appear in 8.2; for now it's just
-disabled.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add uninstall scripts for all contrib packages that have install
+       scripts (David, Josh Drake)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Various planner fixes, particularly for bitmap index scans and
-MIN/MAX optimization (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix incorrect optimization in merge join (Tom)</para>
-<para>Outer joins could sometimes emit multiple copies of unmatched rows.
-</para></listitem>
+   </sect3>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix crash from using and modifying a plpgsql function in the
-same transaction</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a B-Tree index has been
-truncated</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-11">
+  <title>Release 8.1.11</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
-<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>SELECT INTO</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> to
-create tables in the default tablespace, not the base directory (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.10,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
-Fuhr)</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>Improve qsort performance (Dann Corbit)</para>
-<para>Currently this code is only used on Solaris.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>Fix for OS/X Bonjour on x86 systems (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with password prompting on some Win32 systems
-(Robert Kinberg)</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This is the last 8.1.X release for which the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
+   community will produce binary packages for <productname>Windows</>.
+   Windows users are encouraged to move to 8.2.X or later,
+   since there are Windows-specific fixes in 8.2.X that
+   are impractical to back-port.  8.1.X will continue to
+   be supported on other platforms.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Improve <application>pg_dump</>'s handling of default values
-for domains</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.11</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dumpall</> to handle identically-named
-users and groups reasonably (only possible when dumping from a pre-8.1 server)
-(Tom)</para>
-<para>The user and group will be merged into a single role with
-<literal>LOGIN</> permission.  Formerly the merged role wouldn't have
-<literal>LOGIN</> permission, making it unusable as a user.
-</para></listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_restore</> <literal>-n</> to work as
-documented (Tom)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-3">
-   <title>Release 8.1.3</title>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.2,
-    including one very serious security issue.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Repair assorted bugs in the regular-expression package (Tom, Will Drewry)
+     </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.3</title>
+     <para>
+      Suitably crafted regular-expression patterns could cause crashes,
+      infinite or near-infinite looping, and/or massive memory consumption,
+      all of which pose denial-of-service hazards for applications that
+      accept regex search patterns from untrustworthy sources.
+      (CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
-     see the release notes for 8.1.2.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <para>
+      The fix that appeared for this in 8.1.10 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update time zone data files to <application>tzdata</> release 2007k
+      (in particular, recent Argentina changes) (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug that allowed any logged-in user to <command>SET
-ROLE</> to any other database user id (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
-<para>Due to inadequate validity checking, a user could exploit the special
-case that <command>SET ROLE</> normally uses to restore the previous role
-setting after an error.  This allowed ordinary users to acquire superuser
-status, for example.
-The escalation-of-privilege risk exists only in 8.1.0-8.1.2.
-However, in all releases back to 7.3 there is a related bug in <command>SET
-SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> that allows unprivileged users to crash the server,
-if it has been compiled with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
-Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve planner's handling of LIKE/regex estimation in non-C locales
+      (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
-rows (Tom)</para>
-<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
-could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
-created in 8.0.4, 7.4.9, and 7.3.11 releases.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix planner failure in some cases of <literal>WHERE false AND var IN
+      (SELECT ...)</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
-exists</> errors during pg_clog and pg_subtrans file creation
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Preserve the tablespace of indexes that are
+      rebuilt by <command>ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix cases that could lead to crashes if a cache-invalidation
-message arrives at just the wrong time (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make archive recovery always start a new WAL timeline, rather than only
+      when a recovery stop time was used (Simon)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
-<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This avoids a corner-case risk of trying to overwrite an existing
+      archived copy of the last WAL segment, and seems simpler and cleaner
+      than the original definition.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Ensure <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> will process
-<literal>FOREIGN KEY</>, <literal>UNIQUE</>, and <literal>PRIMARY KEY</>
-constraints in the proper order (Nakano Yoshihisa)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>VACUUM</> not use all of <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>
+      when the table is too small for it to be useful (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fixes to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
-references to custom operators or operator classes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_restore</> to continue properly after a
-<command>COPY</> failure; formerly it tried to treat the remaining
-<command>COPY</> data as SQL commands (Stephen Frost)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix overflow in <literal>extract(epoch from interval)</> for intervals
+      exceeding 68 years (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_ctl</> <literal>unregister</> crash
-when the  data directory is not specified (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Perl to not fail when a UTF-8 regular expression is used
+      in a trusted function (Andrew)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>libpq</> <function>PQprint</> HTML tags
-(Christoph Zwerschke)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Perl to cope when platform's Perl defines type <literal>bool</>
+      as <literal>int</> rather than <literal>char</> (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>ecpg</> crash on AMD64 and PPC
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      While this could theoretically happen anywhere, no standard build of
+      Perl did things this way ... until <productname>Mac OS X</> 10.5.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow <literal>SETOF</> and <literal>%TYPE</> to be used
-together in function result type declarations</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Python to not crash on long exception messages (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Recover properly if error occurs during argument passing
-in <application>PL/python</> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <application>pg_dump</> to correctly handle inheritance child tables
+      that have default expressions different from their parent's (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix memory leak in <function>plperl_return_next</>
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <application>libpq</> crash when <varname>PGPASSFILE</> refers
+      to a file that is not a plain file (Martin Pitt)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>PL/perl</>'s handling of locales on
-Win32 to match the backend (Andrew)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>ecpg</> parser fixes (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Various optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</> defend against
+      <application>OpenSSL</> libraries that fail on keys longer than 128
+      bits; which is the case at least on some Solaris versions (Marko Kreen)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix crash when <literal>log_min_messages</> is set to
-<literal>DEBUG3</> or above in <filename>postgresql.conf</> on Win32
-(Bruce)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pgxs</> <literal>-L</> library path
-specification for Win32, Cygwin, OS X, AIX (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <type>tsvector</> and <type>tsquery</> output routines to
+      escape backslashes correctly (Teodor, Bruce)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Check that SID is enabled while checking for Win32 admin
-privileges (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash of <function>to_tsvector()</> on huge input strings (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly reject out-of-range date inputs (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
-and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Improve speed of <command>COPY IN</> via libpq, by
-avoiding a kernel call per data line (Alon Goldshuv)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Improve speed of <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> index
-creation (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-10">
+  <title>Release 8.1.10</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-2">
-   <title>Release 8.1.2</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.9.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.10</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.1.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.2</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-     However, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
-     columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
-     <application>plperl</> issues described below.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix Windows code so that postmaster will continue rather
-than exit if there is no more room in ShmemBackendArray (Magnus)</para>
-<para>The previous behavior could lead to a denial-of-service situation if too
-many connection requests arrive close together.  This applies
-<emphasis>only</> to the Windows port.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug introduced in 8.0 that could allow ReadBuffer
-to return an already-used page as new, potentially causing loss of
-recently-committed data (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
-outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Allow the <type>interval</> data type to accept input consisting only of
+      milliseconds or microseconds (Neil)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
-different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
-<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Speed up rtree index insertion (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
-to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
-<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
-started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
-<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
-<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
-<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow more flexible relocation of installation
-directories (Tom)</para>
-<para>Previous releases supported relocation only if all installation
-directory paths were the same except for the last component.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
+      the syslogger process (Andrew)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by the use of
-<literal>ISO-8859-5</> and <literal>ISO-8859-9</> encodings
-(Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
-handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug where COPY CSV mode considered any
-<literal>\.</> to terminate the copy data</para> <para>The new code
-requires <literal>\.</> to appear alone on a line, as per
-documentation.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent <command>REINDEX</> and <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
+      due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Make COPY CSV mode quote a literal data value of
-<literal>\.</> to ensure it cannot be interpreted as the
-end-of-data marker (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Various fixes for functions returning <literal>RECORD</>s
-(Tom) </para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Windows socket improvements (Magnus)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix processing of <filename>postgresql.conf</> so a
-final line with no newline is processed properly (Tom)
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
+      because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
-which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
-XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
-<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix autovacuum crash when processing expression indexes
-</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
-rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
-what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-9">
+  <title>Release 8.1.9</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1-1">
-   <title>Release 8.1.1</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.8,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.9</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.0.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1.1</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix incorrect optimizations of outer-join conditions
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with wrong reported column names in cases
-involving sub-selects flattened by the optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix update failures in scenarios involving CHECK constraints,
-toasted columns, <emphasis>and</> indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+     <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+     and operators (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+     truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+     an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+     with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+     See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bgwriter problems after recovering from errors
-(Tom)</para>
-<para>
-The background writer was found to leak buffer pins after write errors.
-While not fatal in itself, this might lead to mysterious blockages of
-later VACUUM commands.
-</para>
-</listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
-when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Require <command>COMMIT PREPARED</> to be executed in the same
+     database as the transaction was prepared in (Heikki)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> and <filename>/contrib/ltree</>
-fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+     <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with translated error messages in
-languages that require word reordering, such as Turkish; also problems with
-unexpected truncation of output strings and wrong display of the smallest
-possible bigint value (Andrew, Tom)</para>
-<para>
-These problems only appeared on platforms that were using our
-<filename>port/snprintf.c</> code, which includes BSD variants if
-<literal>--enable-nls</> was given, and perhaps others.  In addition,
-a different form of the translated-error-message problem could appear
-on Windows depending on which version of <filename>libintl</> was used.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Planner fixes, including improving outer join and bitmap scan
+     selection logic (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Re-allow <literal>AM</>/<literal>PM</>, <literal>HH</>,
-<literal>HH12</>, and <literal>D</> format specifiers for
-<function>to_char(time)</> and <function>to_char(interval)</>.
-(<function>to_char(interval)</> should probably use
-<literal>HH24</>.) (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 8.1.6)
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>AIX, HPUX, and MSVC compile fixes (Tom, Hiroshi
-Saito)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Retry file reads and writes after Windows
-NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES error (Qingqing Zhou)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent <application>autovacuum</> from crashing during
-ANALYZE of expression index (Alvaro)</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-8">
+  <title>Release 8.1.8</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS temp
-tables</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problems when a trigger alters the output of a SELECT
-DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains one fix from 8.1.7.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Add 8.1.0 release note item on how to migrate invalid
-<literal>UTF-8</> byte sequences (Paul Lindner)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.8</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-1">
-   <title>Release 8.1</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <note>
-    <title>Release date</title>
-    <simpara>2005-11-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Overview</title>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     Major changes in this release:
+     Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
+     functional indexes(Tom)
     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <variablelist>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Improve concurrent access to the shared buffer cache (Tom)
-      </term>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Access to the shared buffer cache was identified as a
-        significant scalability problem, particularly on multi-CPU
-        systems. In this release, the way that locking is done in the
-        buffer manager has been overhauled to reduce lock contention
-        and improve scalability. The buffer manager has also been
-        changed to use a <quote>clock sweep</quote> replacement
-        policy.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-7">
+  <title>Release 8.1.7</title>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Allow index scans to use an intermediate in-memory bitmap (Tom)
-      </term>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, only a single index could be used to do
-        lookups on a table. With this feature, if a query has
-        <command>WHERE tab.col1 = 4 and tab.col2 = 9</>, and there is
-        no multicolumn index on <literal>col1</> and <literal>col2</>,
-        but there is an index on <literal>col1</> and another on
-        <literal>col2</>, it is possible to search both indexes and
-        combine the results in memory, then do heap fetches for only
-        the rows matching both the <literal>col1</> and
-        <literal>col2</> restrictions. This is very useful in
-        environments that have a lot of unstructured queries where it
-        is impossible to create indexes that match all possible access
-        conditions.  Bitmap scans are useful even with a single index,
-        as they reduce the amount of random access needed; a bitmap
-        index scan is efficient for retrieving fairly large fractions
-        of the complete table, whereas plain index scans are not.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.6, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Add two-phase commit (Heikki Linnakangas, Alvaro, Tom)
-      </term>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.7</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Two-phase commit allows transactions to be "prepared" on several
-        computers, and once all computers have successfully prepared
-        their transactions (none failed), all transactions can be
-        committed. Even if a machine crashes after a prepare, the
-        prepared transaction can be committed after the machine is
-        restarted. New syntax includes <command>PREPARE TRANSACTION</> and
-        <command>COMMIT/ROLLBACK PREPARED</>. A new system view
-        <literal>pg_prepared_xacts</> has also been added.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Create a new role system that replaces users and groups
-       (Stephen Frost)
-      </term>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Roles are a combination of users and groups. Like users, they
-        can have login capability, and like groups, a role can have
-        other roles as members. Roles basically remove the distinction
-        between users and groups. For example, a role can:
-       </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-       <itemizedlist>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-           Have login capability (optionally)
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
+     to read backend memory (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
+     function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
+     data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
+     errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+     principle might be used to read database content that the user
+     should not be able to access.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Own objects
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+     due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Hold access permissions for database objects
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Inherit permissions from other roles it is a member of
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-       </itemizedlist>
-       <para>
-        Once a user logs into a role, she obtains capabilities of
-        the login role plus any inherited roles, and can use
-        <command>SET ROLE</> to switch to other roles she is a member of.
-        This feature is a generalization of the SQL standard's concept of
-        roles.
-        This change also replaces <structname>pg_shadow</> and
-        <structname>pg_group</> by new role-capable catalogs
-        <structname>pg_authid</> and <structname>pg_auth_members</>. The old
-        tables are redefined as read-only views on the new role tables.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Automatically use indexes for <function>MIN()</> and
-       <function>MAX()</> (Tom)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, the only way to use an index for
-        <function>MIN()</> or <function>MAX()</> was to rewrite the
-        query as <command>SELECT col FROM tab ORDER BY col LIMIT 1</>.
-        Index usage now happens automatically.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Move <filename>/contrib/pg_autovacuum</> into the main server
-       (Alvaro)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Integrating autovacuum into the server allows it to be
-        automatically started and stopped in sync with the database
-        server, and allows autovacuum to be configured from
-        <filename>postgresql.conf</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Add shared row level locks using <command>SELECT ... FOR SHARE</>
-       (Alvaro)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        While <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s MVCC locking
-        allows <command>SELECT</> to never be blocked by writers and
-        therefore does not need shared row locks for typical operations,
-        shared locks are useful for applications that require shared row
-        locking.  In particular this reduces the locking requirements
-        imposed by referential integrity checks.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Add dependencies on shared objects, specifically roles
-       (Alvaro)
-      </term>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        This extension of the dependency mechanism prevents roles from
-        being dropped while there are still database objects they own.
-        Formerly it was possible to accidentally <quote>orphan</> objects by
-        deleting their owner.  While this could be recovered from, it
-        was messy and unpleasant.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Improve performance for partitioned tables (Simon)
-      </term>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve <command>VACUUM</> performance for databases with many tables (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        The new <varname>constraint_exclusion</varname> configuration
-        parameter avoids lookups on child tables where constraints indicate
-        that no matching rows exist in the child table.
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows for a basic type of table partitioning. If child tables
-        store separate key ranges and this is enforced using appropriate
-        <command>CHECK</> constraints, the optimizer will skip child
-        table accesses when the constraint guarantees no matching rows
-        exist in the child table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix autovacuum to avoid leaving non-permanent transaction IDs in
+     non-connectable databases (Alvaro)
+    </para>
 
-    </variablelist>
-   </sect2>
+    <para>
+     This bug affects the 8.1 branch only.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.1</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is required
-     for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
+     Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+     over three bytes long (Tom)
     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     The 8.0 release announced that the <function>to_char()</> function
-     for intervals would be removed in 8.1. However, since no better API
-     has been suggested, <function>to_char(interval)</> has been enhanced in
-     8.1 and will remain in the server.
+     Fix bogus <quote>permission denied</> failures occurring on Windows
+     due to attempts to fsync already-deleted files (Magnus, Tom)
     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     Observe the following incompatibilities:
+     Fix possible crashes when an already-in-use PL/pgSQL function is
+     updated (Tom)
     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <varname>add_missing_from</> is now false by default (Neil)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       By default, we now generate an error if a table is used in a query
-       without a <literal>FROM</> reference.  The old behavior is still
-       available, but the parameter must be set to 'true' to obtain it.
-      </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <para>
-       It might be necessary to set <varname>add_missing_from</> to true
-       in order to load an existing dump file, if the dump contains any
-       views or rules created using the implicit-<literal>FROM</> syntax.
-       This should be a one-time annoyance, because
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1 will convert
-       such views and rules to standard explicit-<literal>FROM</> syntax.
-       Subsequent dumps will therefore not have the problem.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-6">
+  <title>Release 8.1.6</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Cause input of a zero-length string (<literal>''</literal>) for
-       <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type>/<type>oid</type>
-       to throw an error, rather than treating it as a zero (Neil)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       This change is consistent with the current handling of
-       zero-length strings for integers. The schedule for this change
-       was announced in 8.0.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <varname>default_with_oids</> is now false by default (Neil)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       With this option set to false, user-created tables no longer
-       have an OID column unless <command>WITH OIDS</> is specified in
-       <command>CREATE TABLE</>. Though OIDs have existed in all
-       releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, their use is limited
-       because they are only four bytes long and the counter is shared
-       across all installed databases. The preferred way of uniquely
-       identifying rows is via sequences and the <type>SERIAL</> type,
-       which have been supported since <productname>PostgreSQL</> 6.4.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.5.
+  </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Add <literal>E''</> syntax so eventually ordinary strings can
-       treat backslashes literally (Bruce)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       Currently <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> processes a
-       backslash in a string literal as introducing a special escape sequence,
-       e.g. <literal>\n</> or <literal>\010</>.
-       While this allows easy entry of special values, it is
-       nonstandard and makes porting of applications from other
-       databases more difficult. For this reason, the
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> project is planning to
-       remove the special meaning of backslashes in strings. For
-       backward compatibility and for users who want special backslash
-       processing, a new string syntax has been created. This new string
-       syntax is formed by writing an <literal>E</> immediately preceding the
-       single quote that starts the string, e.g. <literal>E'hi\n'</>. While
-       this release does not change the handling of backslashes in strings, it
-       does add new configuration parameters to help users migrate applications
-       for future releases:
-      </para>
-      <itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.6</title>
 
-       <listitem>
-        <para>
-         <varname>standard_conforming_strings</> &mdash; does this release
-         treat backslashes literally in ordinary strings?
-        </para>
-       </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-       <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <varname>escape_string_warning</> &mdash; warn about backslashes in
-        ordinary (non-E) strings
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-      </itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <para>
-       The <varname>standard_conforming_strings</> value is read-only.
-       Applications can retrieve the value to know how backslashes are
-       processed.  (Presence of the parameter can also be taken as an
-       indication that <literal>E''</> string syntax is supported.)
-       In a future release, <varname>standard_conforming_strings</>
-       will be true, meaning backslashes will be treated literally in
-       non-E strings. To prepare for this change, use <literal>E''</>
-       strings in places that need special backslash processing, and
-       turn on <varname>escape_string_warning</> to find additional
-       strings that need to be converted to use <literal>E''</>.
-       Also, use two single-quotes (<literal>''</>) to embed a literal
-       single-quote in a string, rather than the
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>-supported syntax of
-       backslash single-quote (<literal>\'</>).  The former is
-       standards-conforming and does not require the use of the
-       <literal>E''</> string syntax.  You can also use the
-       <literal>$$</> string syntax, which does not treat backslashes
-       specially.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Make <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> reindex all indexes in the
-       database (Tom)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       Formerly, <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> reindexed only
-       system tables. This new behavior seems more intuitive. A new
-       command <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</> provides the old functionality
-       of reindexing just the system tables.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Read-only large object descriptors now obey MVCC snapshot semantics
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       When a large object is opened with <literal>INV_READ</> (and not
-       <literal>INV_WRITE</>), the data read from the descriptor will now
-       reflect a <quote>snapshot</> of the large object's state at the
-       time of the transaction snapshot in use by the query that called
-       <function>lo_open()</>.  To obtain the old behavior of always
-       returning the latest committed data, include <literal>INV_WRITE</>
-       in the mode flags for <function>lo_open()</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
+      among other things.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Add proper dependencies for arguments of sequence functions (Tom)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, sequence names passed to <function>nextval()</>,
-       <function>currval()</>, and <function>setval()</> were stored as
-       simple text strings, meaning that renaming or dropping a
-       sequence used in a <literal>DEFAULT</> clause made the clause
-       invalid. This release stores all newly-created sequence function
-       arguments as internal OIDs, allowing them to track sequence
-       renaming, and adding dependency information that prevents
-       improper sequence removal. It also makes such <literal>DEFAULT</>
-       clauses immune to schema renaming and search path changes.
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       Some applications might rely on the old behavior of
-       run-time lookup for sequence names. This can still be done by
-       explicitly casting the argument to <type>text</>, for example
-       <literal>nextval('myseq'::text)</>.
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       Pre-8.1 database dumps loaded into 8.1 will use the old text-based
-       representation and therefore will not have the features of
-       OID-stored arguments. However, it is possible to update a
-       database containing text-based <literal>DEFAULT</> clauses.
-       First, save this query into a file, such as <filename>fixseq.sql</>:
-<programlisting>
-SELECT  'ALTER TABLE ' ||
-    pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.' ||
-    pg_catalog.quote_ident(c.relname) ||
-    ' ALTER COLUMN ' || pg_catalog.quote_ident(a.attname) ||
-    ' SET DEFAULT ' ||
-    regexp_replace(d.adsrc,
-                   $$val\(\(('[^']*')::text\)::regclass$$,
-                   $$val(\1$$,
-                   'g') ||
-    ';'
-FROM    pg_namespace n, pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_attrdef d
-WHERE   n.oid = c.relnamespace AND
-    c.oid = a.attrelid AND
-    a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND
-    a.attnum = d.adnum AND
-    d.adsrc ~ $$val\(\('[^']*'::text\)::regclass$$;
-</programlisting>
-       Next, run the query against a database to find what
-       adjustments are required, like this for database <literal>db1</>:
-<programlisting>
-psql -t -f fixseq.sql db1
-</programlisting>
-       This will show the <command>ALTER TABLE</> commands needed to
-       convert the database to the newer OID-based representation.
-       If the commands look reasonable, run this to update the database:
-<programlisting>
-psql -t -f fixseq.sql db1 | psql -e db1
-</programlisting>
-       This process must be repeated in each database to be updated.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <application>pg_restore</> to handle a tar-format backup
+      that contains large objects (blobs) with comments (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       In <application>psql</application>, treat unquoted
-       <literal>\{digit}+</> sequences as octal (Bruce)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, <literal>\{digit}+</> sequences were
-       treated as decimal, and only <literal>\0{digit}+</> were treated
-       as octal. This change was made for consistency.
+       Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
+       <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Remove grammar productions for prefix and postfix <literal>%</>
-       and <literal>^</> operators
-       (Tom)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       These have never been documented and complicated the use of the
-       modulus operator (<literal>%</>) with negative numbers.
+       Clean out <filename>pg_internal.init</> cache files during server
+       restart (Simon)
       </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <literal>&amp;&lt;</> and <literal>&amp;&gt;</> for polygons
-       consistent with the box "over" operators (Tom)
+       This avoids a hazard that the cache files might contain stale
+       data after PITR recovery.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</> can ignore the provided arguments
-       in favor of information from <structname>pg_pltemplate</>
-       (Tom)
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       A new system catalog <structname>pg_pltemplate</> has been defined
-       to carry information about the preferred definitions of procedural
-       languages (such as whether they have validator functions).  When
-       an entry exists in this catalog for the language being created,
-       <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</> will ignore all its parameters except the
-       language name and instead use the catalog information.  This measure
-       was taken because of increasing problems with obsolete language
-       definitions being loaded by old dump files.  As of 8.1,
-       <application>pg_dump</> will dump procedural language definitions as
-       just <command>CREATE LANGUAGE <replaceable>name</></command>, relying
-       on a template entry to exist at load time.  We expect this will be a
-       more future-proof representation.
+       Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
+       gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <function>pg_cancel_backend(int)</function> return a
-       <type>boolean</type> rather than an <type>integer</type> (Neil)
+       Fix bug causing needless deadlock errors on row-level locks (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Some users are having problems loading UTF-8 data into 8.1.X.
-       This is because previous versions allowed invalid UTF-8 byte
-       sequences to be entered into the database, and this release
-       properly accepts only valid UTF-8 sequences. One way to correct a
-       dumpfile is to run the command <command>iconv -c -f UTF-8 -t
-       UTF-8 -o cleanfile.sql dumpfile.sql</>. The <literal>-c</> option
-       removes invalid character sequences. A diff of the two files will
-       show the sequences that are invalid. <command>iconv</> reads the
-       entire input file into memory so it might be necessary to use
-       <application>split</> to break up the dump into multiple smaller
-       files for processing.
+       Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix possible deadlock in Windows signal handling (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Additional Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
+      empty elements (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     Below you will find a detailed account of the additional changes
-     between <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1 and the
-     previous major release.
-    </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix ecpg memory leak during connection (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Performance Improvements</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix for Darwin (OS X) compilation (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve GiST and R-tree index performance (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
+      are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
+      new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve the optimizer, including auto-resizing of hash joins
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
+      change the output of these functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Overhaul internal API in several areas
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change WAL record CRCs from 64-bit to 32-bit (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        We determined that the extra cost of computing 64-bit CRCs was
-        significant, and the gain in reliability too marginal to justify it.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent writing large empty gaps in WAL pages (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update timezone database
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve spinlock behavior on SMP machines, particularly Opterons (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This affects Australian and Canadian daylight-savings rules in
+      particular.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow nonconsecutive index columns to be used in a multicolumn
-        index (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        For example, this allows an index on columns a,b,c to be used in
-        a query with <command>WHERE a = 4 and c = 10</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Skip WAL logging for <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> /
-        <command>SELECT INTO</> (Simon)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Since a crash during <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> would cause the
-        table to be dropped during recovery, there is no reason to WAL
-        log as the table is loaded.  (Logging still happens if WAL
-        archiving is enabled, however.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow concurrent GiST index access (Teodor, Oleg)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-5">
+  <title>Release 8.1.5</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add configuration parameter <varname>full_page_writes</> to
-        control writing full pages to WAL (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        To prevent partial disk writes from corrupting the database,
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> writes a complete copy of
-        each database disk page to WAL the first time it is modified
-        after a checkpoint. This option turns off that functionality for more
-        speed.  This is safe to use with battery-backed disk caches where
-        partial page writes cannot happen.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use <literal>O_DIRECT</> if available when using
-        <literal>O_SYNC</> for <varname>wal_sync_method</varname>
-        (Itagaki Takahiro)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <literal>O_DIRECT</> causes disk writes to bypass the kernel
-        cache, and for WAL writes, this improves performance.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.4.
+  </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <command>COPY FROM</> performance (Alon Goldshuv)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This was accomplished by reading <command>COPY</> input in
-        larger chunks, rather than character by character.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.5</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve the performance of <function>COUNT()</function>,
-        <function>SUM</function>, <function>AVG()</function>,
-        <function>STDDEV()</function>, and
-        <function>VARIANCE()</function> (Neil, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Server Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent problems due to transaction ID (XID) wraparound (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The server will now warn when the transaction counter approaches
-        the wraparound point.  If the counter becomes too close to wraparound,
-        the server will stop accepting queries.  This ensures that data is
-        not lost before needed vacuuming is performed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix problems with object IDs (OIDs) conflicting with existing system
-        objects after the OID counter has wrapped around (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Disallow aggregate functions in <command>UPDATE</>
+commands, except within sub-SELECTs (Tom)</para>
+<para>The behavior of such an aggregate was unpredictable, and in 8.1.X
+could cause a crash, so it has been disabled.  The SQL standard does not allow
+this either.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
+ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix core dump in duration logging for extended query protocol
+when a <command>COMMIT</> or <command>ROLLBACK</> is
+executed</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix mishandling of AFTER triggers when query contains a SQL
+function returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER TABLE ... TYPE</> to recheck
+<literal>NOT NULL</> for <literal>USING</> clause (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
+ matches for the separator string</para>
+<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>to_timestamp()</> for
+<literal>AM</>/<literal>PM</> formats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix autovacuum's calculation that decides whether
+ <command>ANALYZE</> is needed (Alvaro)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
+ <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
+ (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Numerous robustness fixes in <application>ecpg</> (Joachim
+Wieland)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Minor fixes in /contrib/dblink and /contrib/tsearch2</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Efficiency improvements in hash tables and bitmap index scans
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix instability of statistics collection on Windows (Tom, Andrew)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <varname>statement_timeout</> to use the proper
+units on Win32 (Bruce)</para>
+<para>In previous Win32 8.1.X versions, the delay was off by a factor of
+100.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for <acronym>MSVC</> and <productname>Borland C++</>
+compilers (Hiroshi Saito)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> and
+<productname>Intel</> compilers (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix rare bug in continuous archiving (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add warning about the need to increase
-        <varname>max_fsm_relations</> and <varname>max_fsm_pages</>
-        during <command>VACUUM</> (Ron Mayer)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <varname>temp_buffers</> configuration parameter to allow
-        users to determine the size of the local buffer area for
-        temporary table access (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-4">
+  <title>Release 8.1.4</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add session start time and client IP address to
-        <literal>pg_stat_activity</> (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Adjust <literal>pg_stat</> views for bitmap scans (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The meanings of some of the fields have changed slightly.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.3,
+   including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+  </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Enhance <literal>pg_locks</> view (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.4</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Log queries for client-side <command>PREPARE</> and
-        <command>EXECUTE</> (Simon)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow Kerberos name and user name case sensitivity to be
-        specified in <filename>postgresql.conf</> (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
+    CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
+    code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
+    into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
+    ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
+    most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
+    libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
+    <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
+    rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add configuration parameter <varname>krb_server_hostname</> so
-        that the server host name can be specified as part of service
-        principal (Todd Kover)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        If not set, any service principal matching an entry in the
-        keytab can be used. This is new Kerberos matching behavior in
-        this release.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <varname>log_line_prefix</> options for millisecond
-        timestamps (<literal>%m</>) and remote host (<literal>%h</>) (Ed
-        L.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
+characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
+<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
+some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
+textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
+defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add WAL logging for GiST indexes (Teodor, Oleg)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        GiST indexes are now safe for crash and point-in-time recovery.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
+<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
+described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
+<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
+literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
+<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
+GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
+A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
+adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
+CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
+<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
+clients are insecure.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove old <filename>*.backup</> files when we do
-        <function>pg_stop_backup()</> (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This prevents a large number of <filename>*.backup</> files from
-        existing in <filename>pg_xlog/</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
+aware of encoding considerations and
+<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
+<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
+issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
+them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
+Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
+concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
+<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
+for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
+do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
+routines instead.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add configuration parameters to control TCP/IP keep-alive
-        times for idle, interval, and count (Oliver Jowett)
-       </para>
+<listitem><para>Fix weak key selection in pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para>
+<para>Errors in fortuna PRNG reseeding logic could cause a predictable
+session key to be selected by <function>pgp_sym_encrypt()</> in some cases.
+This only affects non-OpenSSL-using builds.
+</para></listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        These values can be changed to allow more rapid detection of
-        lost client connections.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
+<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>win866_to_iso</>,
+<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
+<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
+extents.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add per-user and per-database connection limits (Petr Jelinek)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Using <command>ALTER USER</> and <command>ALTER DATABASE</>,
-        limits can now be enforced on the maximum number of sessions that
-        can concurrently connect as a specific user or to a specific database.
-        Setting the limit to zero disables user or database connections.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
+(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow more than two gigabytes of shared memory and per-backend
-        work memory on 64-bit machines (Koichi Suzuki)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make autovacuum visible in <structname>pg_stat_activity</>
+(Alvaro)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New system catalog <structname>pg_pltemplate</> allows overriding
-        obsolete procedural-language definitions in dump files (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Disable <literal>full_page_writes</> (Tom)</para>
+<para>In certain cases, having <literal>full_page_writes</> off would cause
+crash recovery to fail.  A proper fix will appear in 8.2; for now it's just
+disabled.
+</para></listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+<listitem><para>Various planner fixes, particularly for bitmap index scans and
+MIN/MAX optimization (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
+<listitem><para>Fix incorrect optimization in merge join (Tom)</para>
+<para>Outer joins could sometimes emit multiple copies of unmatched rows.
+</para></listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Query Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix crash from using and modifying a plpgsql function in the
+same transaction</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add temporary views (Koju Iijima, Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a B-Tree index has been
+truncated</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <command>HAVING</> without any aggregate functions or
-        <command>GROUP BY</> so that the query returns a single group (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously, such a case would treat the <command>HAVING</>
-        clause the same as a <command>WHERE</> clause.  This was not per spec.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
+<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>USING</> clause to allow additional tables to be
-        specified to <command>DELETE</> (Euler Taveira de Oliveira, Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In prior releases, there was no clear method for specifying
-        additional tables to be used for joins in a <command>DELETE</>
-        statement. <command>UPDATE</> already has a <literal>FROM</>
-        clause for this purpose.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>SELECT INTO</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> to
+create tables in the default tablespace, not the base directory (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>\x</> hex escapes in backend and ecpg
-        strings (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is just like the standard C <literal>\x</> escape syntax.
-        Octal escapes were already supported.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
+Fuhr)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>BETWEEN SYMMETRIC</> query syntax (Pavel Stehule)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This feature allows <command>BETWEEN</> comparisons without
-        requiring the first value to be less than the second. For
-        example, <command>2 BETWEEN [ASYMMETRIC] 3 AND 1</> returns
-        false, while <command>2 BETWEEN SYMMETRIC 3 AND 1</> returns
-        true. <command>BETWEEN ASYMMETRIC</> was already supported.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve qsort performance (Dann Corbit)</para>
+<para>Currently this code is only used on Solaris.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>NOWAIT</> option to <command>SELECT ... FOR
-        UPDATE/SHARE</> (Hans-Juergen Schoenig)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        While the <varname>statement_timeout</> configuration
-        parameter allows a query taking more than a certain amount of
-        time to be cancelled, the <command>NOWAIT</> option allows a
-        query to be canceled as soon as a <command>SELECT ... FOR
-        UPDATE/SHARE</> command cannot immediately acquire a row lock.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+<listitem><para>Fix for OS/X Bonjour on x86 systems (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
 
+<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with password prompting on some Win32 systems
+(Robert Kinberg)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Track dependencies of shared objects (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> allows global tables
-        (users, databases, tablespaces) to reference information in
-        multiple databases. This addition adds dependency information
-        for global tables, so, for example, user ownership can be
-        tracked across databases, so a user who owns something in any
-        database can no longer be removed. Dependency tracking already
-        existed for database-local objects.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve <application>pg_dump</>'s handling of default values
+for domains</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow limited <command>ALTER OWNER</> commands to be performed
-        by the object owner (Stephen Frost)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prior releases allowed only superusers to change object owners.
-        Now, ownership can be transferred if the user executing the command
-        owns the object and would be able to create it as the new owner
-        (that is, the user is a member of the new owning role and that role
-        has the CREATE permission that would be needed to create the object
-        afresh).
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dumpall</> to handle identically-named
+users and groups reasonably (only possible when dumping from a pre-8.1 server)
+(Tom)</para>
+<para>The user and group will be merged into a single role with
+<literal>LOGIN</> permission.  Formerly the merged role wouldn't have
+<literal>LOGIN</> permission, making it unusable as a user.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>ALTER</> object <command>SET SCHEMA</> capability
-        for some object types (tables, functions, types) (Bernd Helmle)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows objects to be moved to different schemas.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_restore</> <literal>-n</> to work as
+documented (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE TRIGGER</command> to
-        disable triggers (Satoshi Nagayasu)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-3">
+  <title>Release 8.1.3</title>
 
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.2,
+   including one very serious security issue.
+  </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>TRUNCATE</> to truncate multiple tables in a
-        single command (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Because of referential integrity checks, it is not allowed to
-        truncate a table that is part of a referential integrity
-        constraint. Using this new functionality, <command>TRUNCATE</>
-        can be used to truncate such tables, if both tables involved in
-        a referential integrity constraint are truncated in a single
-        <command>TRUNCATE</> command.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.3</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Properly process carriage returns and line feeds in
-        <command>COPY CSV</> mode (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In release 8.0, carriage returns and line feeds in <command>CSV
-        COPY TO</> were processed in an inconsistent manner. (This was
-        documented on the TODO list.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.1.2,
+    see the release notes for 8.1.2.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>COPY WITH CSV HEADER</> to allow a header line as
-        the first line in <command>COPY</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows handling of the common <command>CSV</> usage of
-        placing the column names on the first line of the data file. For
-        <command>COPY TO</>, the first line contains the column names,
-        and for <command>COPY FROM</>, the first line is ignored.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        On Windows, display better sub-second precision in
-        <command>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</> (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add trigger duration display to <command>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</>
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prior releases included trigger execution time as part of the
-        total execution time, but did not show it separately.  It is now
-        possible to see how much time is spent in each trigger.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug that allowed any logged-in user to <command>SET
+ROLE</> to any other database user id (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
+<para>Due to inadequate validity checking, a user could exploit the special
+case that <command>SET ROLE</> normally uses to restore the previous role
+setting after an error.  This allowed ordinary users to acquire superuser
+status, for example.
+The escalation-of-privilege risk exists only in 8.1.0-8.1.2.
+However, in all releases back to 7.3 there is a related bug in <command>SET
+SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> that allows unprivileged users to crash the server,
+if it has been compiled with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
+Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>\x</> hex escapes in <command>COPY</>
-        (Sergey Ten)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previous releases only supported octal escapes.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
+rows (Tom)</para>
+<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
+could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
+created in 8.0.4, 7.4.9, and 7.3.11 releases.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <command>SHOW ALL</> include variable descriptions
-        (Matthias Schmidt)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <command>SHOW</> varname still only displays the variable's
-        value and does not include the description.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
+exists</> errors during pg_clog and pg_subtrans file creation
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <application>initdb</application> create a new standard
-        database called <literal>postgres</>, and convert utilities to
-        use <literal>postgres</> rather than <literal>template1</> for
-        standard lookups (Dave)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In prior releases, <literal>template1</> was used both as a
-        default connection for utilities like
-        <application>createuser</application>, and as a template for
-        new databases. This caused <command>CREATE DATABASE</> to
-        sometimes fail, because a new database cannot be created if
-        anyone else is in the template database. With this change, the
-        default connection database is now <literal>postgres</>,
-        meaning it is much less likely someone will be using
-        <literal>template1</> during <command>CREATE DATABASE</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix cases that could lead to crashes if a cache-invalidation
+message arrives at just the wrong time (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Create new <application>reindexdb</application> command-line
-        utility by moving <filename>/contrib/reindexdb</> into the
-        server (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
+<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+<listitem><para>Ensure <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> will process
+<literal>FOREIGN KEY</>, <literal>UNIQUE</>, and <literal>PRIMARY KEY</>
+constraints in the proper order (Nakano Yoshihisa)</para></listitem>
 
+<listitem><para>Fixes to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
+references to custom operators or operator classes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_restore</> to continue properly after a
+<command>COPY</> failure; formerly it tried to treat the remaining
+<command>COPY</> data as SQL commands (Stephen Frost)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>MAX()</> and <function>MIN()</> aggregates for
-        array types (Koju Iijima)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_ctl</> <literal>unregister</> crash
+when the  data directory is not specified (Magnus)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>to_date()</> and <function>to_timestamp()</> to
-        behave reasonably when <literal>CC</> and <literal>YY</> fields
-        are both used (Karel Zak)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        If the format specification contains <literal>CC</> and a year
-        specification is <literal>YYY</> or longer, ignore the
-        <literal>CC</>. If the year specification is <literal>YY</> or
-        shorter, interpret <literal>CC</> as the previous century.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>libpq</> <function>PQprint</> HTML tags
+(Christoph Zwerschke)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>md5(bytea)</> (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <function>md5(text)</> already existed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>ecpg</> crash on AMD64 and PPC
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <command>numeric ^ numeric</> based on
-        <function>power(numeric, numeric)</>
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The function already existed, but there was no operator assigned
-        to it.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow <literal>SETOF</> and <literal>%TYPE</> to be used
+together in function result type declarations</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <type>NUMERIC</> modulus by properly truncating the quotient
-        during computation (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, modulus for large values sometimes
-        returned negative results due to rounding of the quotient.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Recover properly if error occurs during argument passing
+in <application>PL/python</> (Neil)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a function <function>lastval()</> (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <function>lastval()</> is a simplified version of
-        <function>currval()</>. It automatically determines the proper
-        sequence name based on the most recent <function>nextval()</> or
-        <function>setval()</> call performed by the current session.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix memory leak in <function>plperl_return_next</>
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>to_timestamp(DOUBLE PRECISION) (Michael Glaesemann)</>
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Converts Unix seconds since 1970 to a <type>TIMESTAMP WITH
-        TIMEZONE</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>PL/perl</>'s handling of locales on
+Win32 to match the backend (Andrew)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_postmaster_start_time()</> function (Euler
-        Taveira de Oliveira, Matthias Schmidt)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the full use of time zone names in <command>AT TIME
-        ZONE</>, not just the short list previously available (Magnus)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously, only a predefined list of time zone names were
-        supported by <command>AT TIME ZONE</>. Now any supported time
-        zone name can be used, e.g.:
-        <programlisting>
-         SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/London';
-        </programlisting>
-        In the above query, the time zone used is adjusted based on the
-        daylight saving time rules that were in effect on the supplied
-        date.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix crash when <literal>log_min_messages</> is set to
+<literal>DEBUG3</> or above in <filename>postgresql.conf</> on Win32
+(Bruce)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>GREATEST()</> and <function>LEAST()</> variadic
-        functions (Pavel Stehule)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These functions take a variable number of arguments and return
-        the greatest or least value among the arguments.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pgxs</> <literal>-L</> library path
+specification for Win32, Cygwin, OS X, AIX (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_column_size()</> (Mark Kirkwood)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This returns storage size of a column, which might be compressed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Check that SID is enabled while checking for Win32 admin
+privileges (Magnus)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>regexp_replace()</> (Atsushi Ogawa)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows regular expression replacement, like sed. An optional
-        flag argument allows selection of global (replace all) and
-        case-insensitive modes.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Properly reject out-of-range date inputs (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix interval division and multiplication (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previous versions sometimes returned unjustified results, like
-        <command>'4 months'::interval / 5</> returning <command>'1 mon
-        -6 days'</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix roundoff behavior in timestamp, time, and interval output (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This fixes some cases in which the seconds field would be shown as
-        <literal>60</> instead of incrementing the higher-order fields.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a separate day field to type <type>interval</> so a one day
-        interval can be distinguished from a 24 hour interval (Michael
-        Glaesemann)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Days that contain a daylight saving time adjustment are not 24
-        hours long, but typically 23 or 25 hours.  This change creates a
-        conceptual distinction between intervals of <quote>so many days</>
-        and intervals of <quote>so many hours</>.  Adding
-        <literal>1 day</> to a timestamp now gives the same local time on
-        the next day even if a daylight saving time adjustment occurs
-        between, whereas adding <literal>24 hours</> will give a different
-        local time when this happens.  For example, under US DST rules:
-        <programlisting>
-         '2005-04-03 00:00:00-05' + '1 day' = '2005-04-04 00:00:00-04'
-         '2005-04-03 00:00:00-05' + '24 hours' = '2005-04-04 01:00:00-04'
-        </programlisting>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>justify_days()</> and <function>justify_hours()</>
-        (Michael Glaesemann)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These functions, respectively, adjust days to an appropriate
-        number of full months and days, and adjust hours to an
-        appropriate number of full days and hours.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
+and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Move <filename>/contrib/dbsize</> into the backend, and rename
-        some of the functions (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <itemizedlist>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-            <function>pg_tablespace_size()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_database_size()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_relation_size()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_total_relation_size()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_size_pretty()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-        </itemizedlist>
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <function>pg_total_relation_size()</> includes indexes and TOAST
-        tables.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve speed of <command>COPY IN</> via libpq, by
+avoiding a kernel call per data line (Alon Goldshuv)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add functions for read-only file access to the cluster directory
-        (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <itemizedlist>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_stat_file()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_read_file()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <function>pg_ls_dir()</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-        </itemizedlist>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve speed of <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> index
+creation (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_reload_conf()</> to force reloading of the
-        configuration files (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_rotate_logfile()</> to force rotation of the
-        server log file (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <literal>pg_stat_*</> views to include TOAST tables (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-2">
+  <title>Release 8.1.2</title>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.1.
+  </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Encoding and Locale Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.2</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rename some encodings to be more consistent and to follow
-        international standards (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <itemizedlist>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <literal>UNICODE</> is now <literal>UTF8</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <literal>ALT</> is now <literal>WIN866</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-           <literal>WIN</> is now <literal>WIN1251</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-         <listitem>
-          <para>
-          <literal>TCVN</> is now <literal>WIN1258</>
-          </para>
-         </listitem>
-
-        </itemizedlist>
-       </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+    However, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
+    columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
+    <application>plperl</> issues described below.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-       <para>
-        The original names still work.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>WIN1252</> encoding (Roland Volkmann)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for four-byte <literal>UTF8</> characters (John
-        Hansen)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously only one, two, and three-byte <literal>UTF8</> characters
-        were supported. This is particularly important for support for
-        some Chinese character sets.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix Windows code so that postmaster will continue rather
+than exit if there is no more room in ShmemBackendArray (Magnus)</para>
+<para>The previous behavior could lead to a denial-of-service situation if too
+many connection requests arrive close together.  This applies
+<emphasis>only</> to the Windows port.</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow direct conversion between <literal>EUC_JP</> and
-        <literal>SJIS</> to improve performance (Atsushi Ogawa)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug introduced in 8.0 that could allow ReadBuffer
+to return an already-used page as new, potentially causing loss of
+recently-committed data (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the UTF8 encoding to work on Windows (Magnus)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is done by mapping UTF8 to the Windows-native UTF16
-        implementation.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
+outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
+different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
+<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns.</para></listitem>
 
+<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
+to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
+<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
+started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
+<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
+<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
+<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>General Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Allow more flexible relocation of installation
+directories (Tom)</para>
+<para>Previous releases supported relocation only if all installation
+directory paths were the same except for the last component.</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</> (Sergey Yatskevich)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by the use of
+<literal>ISO-8859-5</> and <literal>ISO-8859-9</> encodings
+(Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow function characteristics, like strictness and volatility,
-        to be modified via <command>ALTER FUNCTION</> (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
+handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Increase the maximum number of function arguments to 100 (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug where COPY CSV mode considered any
+<literal>\.</> to terminate the copy data</para> <para>The new code
+requires <literal>\.</> to appear alone on a line, as per
+documentation.</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow SQL and PL/PgSQL functions to use <command>OUT</> and
-        <command>INOUT</> parameters (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <command>OUT</> is an alternate way for a function to return
-        values. Instead of using <command>RETURN</>, values can be
-        returned by assigning to parameters declared as <command>OUT</> or
-        <command>INOUT</>.  This is notationally simpler in some cases,
-        particularly so when multiple values need to be returned.
-        While returning multiple values from a function
-        was possible in previous releases, this greatly simplifies the
-        process.  (The feature will be extended to other server-side
-        languages in future releases.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make COPY CSV mode quote a literal data value of
+<literal>\.</> to ensure it cannot be interpreted as the
+end-of-data marker (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Move language handler functions into the <literal>pg_catalog</> schema
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This makes it easier to drop the public schema if desired.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various fixes for functions returning <literal>RECORD</>s
+(Tom) </para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>SPI_getnspname()</function> to SPI (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix processing of <filename>postgresql.conf</> so a
+final line with no newline is processed properly (Tom)
+</para></listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
+which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
+XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
+<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>PL/PgSQL Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix autovacuum crash when processing expression indexes
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Overhaul the memory management of PL/PgSQL functions (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The parsetree of each function is now stored in a separate
-        memory context. This allows this memory to be easily reclaimed
-        when it is no longer needed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
+rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
+what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Check function syntax at <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> time,
-        rather than at runtime (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously, most syntax errors were reported only when the
-        function was executed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>OPEN</> to open non-<command>SELECT</> queries
-        like <command>EXPLAIN</> and <command>SHOW</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        No longer require functions to issue a <command>RETURN</>
-        statement (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is a byproduct of the newly added <command>OUT</> and
-        <command>INOUT</> functionality.  <command>RETURN</> can
-        be omitted when it is not needed to provide the function's
-        return value.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1-1">
+  <title>Release 8.1.1</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for an optional <command>INTO</> clause to
-        PL/PgSQL's <command>EXECUTE</> statement (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> set <command>ROW_COUNT</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.1.0.
+  </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Define <literal>SQLSTATE</> and <literal>SQLERRM</> to return
-        the <literal>SQLSTATE</> and error message of the current
-        exception (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These variables are only defined inside exception blocks.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1.1</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the parameters to the <command>RAISE</> statement to be
-        expressions (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.1.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a loop <command>CONTINUE</> statement (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow block and loop labels (Pavel Stehule)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix incorrect optimizations of outer-join conditions
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with wrong reported column names in cases
+involving sub-selects flattened by the optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
+<listitem><para>Fix update failures in scenarios involving CHECK constraints,
+toasted columns, <emphasis>and</> indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>PL/Perl Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix bgwriter problems after recovering from errors
+(Tom)</para>
+<para>
+The background writer was found to leak buffer pins after write errors.
+While not fatal in itself, this might lead to mysterious blockages of
+later VACUUM commands.
+</para>
+</listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow large result sets to be returned efficiently (Abhijit
-        Menon-Sen)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows functions to use <function>return_next()</> to avoid
-        building the entire result set in memory.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
+when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow one-row-at-a-time retrieval of query results (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows functions to use <function>spi_query()</> and
-        <function>spi_fetchrow()</> to avoid accumulating the entire
-        result set in memory.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> and <filename>/contrib/ltree</>
+fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Force PL/Perl to handle strings as <literal>UTF8</> if the
-        server encoding is <literal>UTF8</> (David Kamholz)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with translated error messages in
+languages that require word reordering, such as Turkish; also problems with
+unexpected truncation of output strings and wrong display of the smallest
+possible bigint value (Andrew, Tom)</para>
+<para>
+These problems only appeared on platforms that were using our
+<filename>port/snprintf.c</> code, which includes BSD variants if
+<literal>--enable-nls</> was given, and perhaps others.  In addition,
+a different form of the translated-error-message problem could appear
+on Windows depending on which version of <filename>libintl</> was used.
+</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a validator function for PL/Perl (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows syntax errors to be reported at definition time,
-        rather than execution time.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Re-allow <literal>AM</>/<literal>PM</>, <literal>HH</>,
+<literal>HH12</>, and <literal>D</> format specifiers for
+<function>to_char(time)</> and <function>to_char(interval)</>.
+(<function>to_char(interval)</> should probably use
+<literal>HH24</>.) (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow PL/Perl to return a Perl array when the function returns
-        an array type (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This basically maps <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> arrays
-        to Perl arrays.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>AIX, HPUX, and MSVC compile fixes (Tom, Hiroshi
+Saito)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow Perl nonfatal warnings to generate <command>NOTICE</>
-        messages (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow Perl's <literal>strict</> mode to be enabled (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Retry file reads and writes after Windows
+NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES error (Qingqing Zhou)</para></listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <application>autovacuum</> from crashing during
+ANALYZE of expression index (Alvaro)</para></listitem>
 
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS temp
+tables</para></listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems when a trigger alters the output of a SELECT
+DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK</> to allow statements in
-        a transaction to error without affecting the rest of the
-        transaction (Greg Sabino Mullane)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is basically implemented by wrapping every statement in a
-        sub-transaction.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Add 8.1.0 release note item on how to migrate invalid
+<literal>UTF-8</> byte sequences (Paul Lindner)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>\x</> hex strings in
-        <application>psql</> variables (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Octal escapes were already supported.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <command>troff -ms</> output format (Roger
-        Leigh)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-1">
+  <title>Release 8.1</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the history file location to be controlled by
-        <envar>HISTFILE</> (Andreas Seltenreich)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows configuration of per-database history storage.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+   <title>Release date</title>
+   <simpara>2005-11-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent <command>\x</> (expanded mode) from affecting
-        the output of <command>\d tablename</> (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Overview</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>-L</> option to <application>psql</application> to
-        log sessions (Lorne Sunley)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This option was added because some operating systems do not have
-        simple command-line activity logging functionality.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Major changes in this release:
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <command>\d</> show the tablespaces of indexes (Qingqing
-        Zhou)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <variablelist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>psql</application> help (<command>\h</>) to
-        make a best guess on the proper help information (Greg Sabino
-        Mullane)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows the user to just add <command>\h</> to the front of
-        the syntax error query and get help on the supported syntax.
-        Previously any additional query text beyond the command name
-        had to be removed to use <command>\h</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Improve concurrent access to the shared buffer cache (Tom)
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>\pset numericlocale</> to allow numbers to be
-        output in a locale-aware format (Eugen Nedelcu)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        For example, using <literal>C</> locale <literal>100000</> would
-        be output as <literal>100,000.0</> while a European locale might
-        output this value as <literal>100.000,0</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Access to the shared buffer cache was identified as a
+       significant scalability problem, particularly on multi-CPU
+       systems. In this release, the way that locking is done in the
+       buffer manager has been overhauled to reduce lock contention
+       and improve scalability. The buffer manager has also been
+       changed to use a <quote>clock sweep</quote> replacement
+       policy.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make startup banner show both server version number and
-        <application>psql</>'s version number, when they are different (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Also, a warning will be shown if the server and <application>psql</>
-        are from different major releases.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Allow index scans to use an intermediate in-memory bitmap (Tom)
+     </term>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, only a single index could be used to do
+       lookups on a table. With this feature, if a query has
+       <command>WHERE tab.col1 = 4 and tab.col2 = 9</>, and there is
+       no multicolumn index on <literal>col1</> and <literal>col2</>,
+       but there is an index on <literal>col1</> and another on
+       <literal>col2</>, it is possible to search both indexes and
+       combine the results in memory, then do heap fetches for only
+       the rows matching both the <literal>col1</> and
+       <literal>col2</> restrictions. This is very useful in
+       environments that have a lot of unstructured queries where it
+       is impossible to create indexes that match all possible access
+       conditions.  Bitmap scans are useful even with a single index,
+       as they reduce the amount of random access needed; a bitmap
+       index scan is efficient for retrieving fairly large fractions
+       of the complete table, whereas plain index scans are not.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Add two-phase commit (Heikki Linnakangas, Alvaro, Tom)
+     </term>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Two-phase commit allows transactions to be "prepared" on several
+       computers, and once all computers have successfully prepared
+       their transactions (none failed), all transactions can be
+       committed. Even if a machine crashes after a prepare, the
+       prepared transaction can be committed after the machine is
+       restarted. New syntax includes <command>PREPARE TRANSACTION</> and
+       <command>COMMIT/ROLLBACK PREPARED</>. A new system view
+       <literal>pg_prepared_xacts</> has also been added.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>-n</> / <option>--schema</> switch to
-        <application>pg_restore</> (Richard van den Berg)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows just the objects in a specified schema to be restored.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Create a new role system that replaces users and groups
+      (Stephen Frost)
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump large objects even in
-        text mode (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        With this change, large objects are now always dumped; the former
-        <option>-b</> switch is a no-op.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Roles are a combination of users and groups. Like users, they
+       can have login capability, and like groups, a role can have
+       other roles as members. Roles basically remove the distinction
+       between users and groups. For example, a role can:
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump a consistent snapshot of
-        large objects (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Dump comments for large objects (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+          Have login capability (optionally)
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>--encoding</> to <application>pg_dump</>
-        (Magnus Hagander)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows a database to be dumped in an encoding that is
-        different from the server's encoding. This is valuable when
-        transferring the dump to a machine with a different encoding.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Own objects
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rely on <structname>pg_pltemplate</> for procedural languages (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        If the call handler for a procedural language is in the
-        <literal>pg_catalog</> schema, <application>pg_dump</> does not
-        dump the handler.  Instead, it dumps the language using just
-        <command>CREATE LANGUAGE <replaceable>name</></command>,
-        relying on the <structname>pg_pltemplate</> catalog to provide
-        the language's creation parameters at load time.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Hold access permissions for database objects
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Inherit permissions from other roles it is a member of
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
 
+      </itemizedlist>
+      <para>
+       Once a user logs into a role, she obtains capabilities of
+       the login role plus any inherited roles, and can use
+       <command>SET ROLE</> to switch to other roles she is a member of.
+       This feature is a generalization of the SQL standard's concept of
+       roles.
+       This change also replaces <structname>pg_shadow</> and
+       <structname>pg_group</> by new role-capable catalogs
+       <structname>pg_authid</> and <structname>pg_auth_members</>. The old
+       tables are redefined as read-only views on the new role tables.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>libpq</application> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Automatically use indexes for <function>MIN()</> and
+      <function>MAX()</> (Tom)
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a <envar>PGPASSFILE</> environment variable to specify the
-        password file's filename (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, the only way to use an index for
+       <function>MIN()</> or <function>MAX()</> was to rewrite the
+       query as <command>SELECT col FROM tab ORDER BY col LIMIT 1</>.
+       Index usage now happens automatically.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>lo_create()</>, that is similar to
-        <function>lo_creat()</> but allows the OID of the large object
-        to be specified (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Move <filename>/contrib/pg_autovacuum</> into the main server
+      (Alvaro)
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <application>libpq</application> consistently return an error
-        to the client application on <function>malloc()</function>
-        failure (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Integrating autovacuum into the server allows it to be
+       automatically started and stopped in sync with the database
+       server, and allows autovacuum to be configured from
+       <filename>postgresql.conf</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Add shared row level locks using <command>SELECT ... FOR SHARE</>
+      (Alvaro)
+     </term>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Source Code Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       While <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s MVCC locking
+       allows <command>SELECT</> to never be blocked by writers and
+       therefore does not need shared row locks for typical operations,
+       shared locks are useful for applications that require shared row
+       locking.  In particular this reduces the locking requirements
+       imposed by referential integrity checks.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <application>pgxs</> to support building against a relocated
-        installation
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Add dependencies on shared objects, specifically roles
+      (Alvaro)
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add spinlock support for the Itanium processor using Intel
-        compiler (Vikram Kalsi)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This extension of the dependency mechanism prevents roles from
+       being dropped while there are still database objects they own.
+       Formerly it was possible to accidentally <quote>orphan</> objects by
+       deleting their owner.  While this could be recovered from, it
+       was messy and unpleasant.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add Kerberos 5 support for Windows (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Improve performance for partitioned tables (Simon)
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add Chinese FAQ (laser@pgsqldb.com)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The new <varname>constraint_exclusion</varname> configuration
+       parameter avoids lookups on child tables where constraints indicate
+       that no matching rows exist in the child table.
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows for a basic type of table partitioning. If child tables
+       store separate key ranges and this is enforced using appropriate
+       <command>CHECK</> constraints, the optimizer will skip child
+       table accesses when the constraint guarantees no matching rows
+       exist in the child table.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rename Rendezvous to Bonjour to match OS/X feature renaming
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </variablelist>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add support for <literal>fsync_writethrough</literal> on
-        Darwin (Chris Campbell)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.1</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Streamline the passing of information within the server, the
-        optimizer, and the lock system (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is required
+    for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>pg_config</> to be compiled using MSVC (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is required to build DBD::Pg using <application>MSVC</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    The 8.0 release announced that the <function>to_char()</> function
+    for intervals would be removed in 8.1. However, since no better API
+    has been suggested, <function>to_char(interval)</> has been enhanced in
+    8.1 and will remain in the server.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove support for Kerberos V4 (Magnus)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Kerberos 4 had security vulnerabilities and is no longer
-        maintained.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Observe the following incompatibilities:
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Code cleanups (Coverity static analysis performed by
-        EnterpriseDB)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Modify <filename>postgresql.conf</> to use documentation defaults
-        <literal>on</>/<literal>off</> rather than
-        <literal>true</>/<literal>false</> (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <varname>add_missing_from</> is now false by default (Neil)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      By default, we now generate an error if a table is used in a query
+      without a <literal>FROM</> reference.  The old behavior is still
+      available, but the parameter must be set to 'true' to obtain it.
+     </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Enhance <application>pg_config</> to be able to report more
-        build-time values (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <para>
+      It might be necessary to set <varname>add_missing_from</> to true
+      in order to load an existing dump file, if the dump contains any
+      views or rules created using the implicit-<literal>FROM</> syntax.
+      This should be a one-time annoyance, because
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1 will convert
+      such views and rules to standard explicit-<literal>FROM</> syntax.
+      Subsequent dumps will therefore not have the problem.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>libpq</application> to be built thread-safe
-        on Windows (Dave Page)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Cause input of a zero-length string (<literal>''</literal>) for
+      <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type>/<type>oid</type>
+      to throw an error, rather than treating it as a zero (Neil)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      This change is consistent with the current handling of
+      zero-length strings for integers. The schedule for this change
+      was announced in 8.0.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow IPv6 connections to be used on Windows (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <varname>default_with_oids</> is now false by default (Neil)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      With this option set to false, user-created tables no longer
+      have an OID column unless <command>WITH OIDS</> is specified in
+      <command>CREATE TABLE</>. Though OIDs have existed in all
+      releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, their use is limited
+      because they are only four bytes long and the counter is shared
+      across all installed databases. The preferred way of uniquely
+      identifying rows is via sequences and the <type>SERIAL</> type,
+      which have been supported since <productname>PostgreSQL</> 6.4.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add Server Administration documentation about I/O subsystem
-        reliability (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Add <literal>E''</> syntax so eventually ordinary strings can
+      treat backslashes literally (Bruce)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      Currently <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> processes a
+      backslash in a string literal as introducing a special escape sequence,
+      e.g. <literal>\n</> or <literal>\010</>.
+      While this allows easy entry of special values, it is
+      nonstandard and makes porting of applications from other
+      databases more difficult. For this reason, the
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> project is planning to
+      remove the special meaning of backslashes in strings. For
+      backward compatibility and for users who want special backslash
+      processing, a new string syntax has been created. This new string
+      syntax is formed by writing an <literal>E</> immediately preceding the
+      single quote that starts the string, e.g. <literal>E'hi\n'</>. While
+      this release does not change the handling of backslashes in strings, it
+      does add new configuration parameters to help users migrate applications
+      for future releases:
+     </para>
+     <itemizedlist>
 
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        Move private declarations from <filename>gist.h</filename> to
-        <filename>gist_private.h</filename> (Neil)
-       </para>
-
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, <filename>gist.h</> contained both the
-        public GiST API (intended for use by authors of GiST index
-        implementations) as well as some private declarations used by
-        the implementation of GiST itself. The latter have been moved
-        to a separate file, <filename>gist_private.h</>. Most GiST
-        index implementations should be unaffected.
+        <varname>standard_conforming_strings</> &mdash; does this release
+        treat backslashes literally in ordinary strings?
        </para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Overhaul GiST memory management (Neil)
-       </para>
+      <para>
+       <varname>escape_string_warning</> &mdash; warn about backslashes in
+       ordinary (non-E) strings
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <para>
-        GiST methods are now always invoked in a short-lived memory
-        context. Therefore, memory allocated via <function>palloc()</>
-        will be reclaimed automatically, so GiST index implementations
-        do not need to manually release allocated memory via
-        <function>pfree()</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
 
+     <para>
+      The <varname>standard_conforming_strings</> value is read-only.
+      Applications can retrieve the value to know how backslashes are
+      processed.  (Presence of the parameter can also be taken as an
+      indication that <literal>E''</> string syntax is supported.)
+      In a future release, <varname>standard_conforming_strings</>
+      will be true, meaning backslashes will be treated literally in
+      non-E strings. To prepare for this change, use <literal>E''</>
+      strings in places that need special backslash processing, and
+      turn on <varname>escape_string_warning</> to find additional
+      strings that need to be converted to use <literal>E''</>.
+      Also, use two single-quotes (<literal>''</>) to embed a literal
+      single-quote in a string, rather than the
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>-supported syntax of
+      backslash single-quote (<literal>\'</>).  The former is
+      standards-conforming and does not require the use of the
+      <literal>E''</> string syntax.  You can also use the
+      <literal>$$</> string syntax, which does not treat backslashes
+      specially.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Contrib Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> reindex all indexes in the
+      database (Tom)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      Formerly, <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> reindexed only
+      system tables. This new behavior seems more intuitive. A new
+      command <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</> provides the old functionality
+      of reindexing just the system tables.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <filename>/contrib/pg_buffercache</> contrib module (Mark
-        Kirkwood)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This displays the contents of the buffer cache, for debugging and
-        performance tuning purposes.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Read-only large object descriptors now obey MVCC snapshot semantics
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      When a large object is opened with <literal>INV_READ</> (and not
+      <literal>INV_WRITE</>), the data read from the descriptor will now
+      reflect a <quote>snapshot</> of the large object's state at the
+      time of the transaction snapshot in use by the query that called
+      <function>lo_open()</>.  To obtain the old behavior of always
+      returning the latest committed data, include <literal>INV_WRITE</>
+      in the mode flags for <function>lo_open()</>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <filename>/contrib/array</> because it is obsolete (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Add proper dependencies for arguments of sequence functions (Tom)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      In previous releases, sequence names passed to <function>nextval()</>,
+      <function>currval()</>, and <function>setval()</> were stored as
+      simple text strings, meaning that renaming or dropping a
+      sequence used in a <literal>DEFAULT</> clause made the clause
+      invalid. This release stores all newly-created sequence function
+      arguments as internal OIDs, allowing them to track sequence
+      renaming, and adding dependency information that prevents
+      improper sequence removal. It also makes such <literal>DEFAULT</>
+      clauses immune to schema renaming and search path changes.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      Some applications might rely on the old behavior of
+      run-time lookup for sequence names. This can still be done by
+      explicitly casting the argument to <type>text</>, for example
+      <literal>nextval('myseq'::text)</>.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      Pre-8.1 database dumps loaded into 8.1 will use the old text-based
+      representation and therefore will not have the features of
+      OID-stored arguments. However, it is possible to update a
+      database containing text-based <literal>DEFAULT</> clauses.
+      First, save this query into a file, such as <filename>fixseq.sql</>:
+<programlisting>
+SELECT  'ALTER TABLE ' ||
+   pg_catalog.quote_ident(n.nspname) || '.' ||
+   pg_catalog.quote_ident(c.relname) ||
+   ' ALTER COLUMN ' || pg_catalog.quote_ident(a.attname) ||
+   ' SET DEFAULT ' ||
+   regexp_replace(d.adsrc,
+                  $$val\(\(('[^']*')::text\)::regclass$$,
+                  $$val(\1$$,
+                  'g') ||
+   ';'
+FROM    pg_namespace n, pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_attrdef d
+WHERE   n.oid = c.relnamespace AND
+   c.oid = a.attrelid AND
+   a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND
+   a.attnum = d.adnum AND
+   d.adsrc ~ $$val\(\('[^']*'::text\)::regclass$$;
+</programlisting>
+      Next, run the query against a database to find what
+      adjustments are required, like this for database <literal>db1</>:
+<programlisting>
+psql -t -f fixseq.sql db1
+</programlisting>
+      This will show the <command>ALTER TABLE</> commands needed to
+      convert the database to the newer OID-based representation.
+      If the commands look reasonable, run this to update the database:
+<programlisting>
+psql -t -f fixseq.sql db1 | psql -e db1
+</programlisting>
+      This process must be repeated in each database to be updated.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clean up the <filename>/contrib/lo</> module (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      In <application>psql</application>, treat unquoted
+      <literal>\{digit}+</> sequences as octal (Bruce)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      In previous releases, <literal>\{digit}+</> sequences were
+      treated as decimal, and only <literal>\0{digit}+</> were treated
+      as octal. This change was made for consistency.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Move <filename>/contrib/findoidjoins</> to
-        <filename>/src/tools</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Remove grammar productions for prefix and postfix <literal>%</>
+      and <literal>^</> operators
+      (Tom)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      These have never been documented and complicated the use of the
+      modulus operator (<literal>%</>) with negative numbers.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove the <literal>&lt;&lt</>, <literal>&gt;&gt;</>,
-        <literal>&amp;&lt</>, and <literal>&amp;&gt;</> operators from
-        <filename>/contrib/cube</>
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These operators were not useful.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <literal>&amp;&lt;</> and <literal>&amp;&gt;</> for polygons
+      consistent with the box "over" operators (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <filename>/contrib/btree_gist</> (Janko Richter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</> can ignore the provided arguments
+      in favor of information from <structname>pg_pltemplate</>
+      (Tom)
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      A new system catalog <structname>pg_pltemplate</> has been defined
+      to carry information about the preferred definitions of procedural
+      languages (such as whether they have validator functions).  When
+      an entry exists in this catalog for the language being created,
+      <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</> will ignore all its parameters except the
+      language name and instead use the catalog information.  This measure
+      was taken because of increasing problems with obsolete language
+      definitions being loaded by old dump files.  As of 8.1,
+      <application>pg_dump</> will dump procedural language definitions as
+      just <command>CREATE LANGUAGE <replaceable>name</></command>, relying
+      on a template entry to exist at load time.  We expect this will be a
+      more future-proof representation.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <filename>/contrib/pgbench</> (Tomoaki Sato, Tatsuo)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        There is now a facility for testing with SQL command scripts given
-        by the user, instead of only a hard-wired command sequence.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <function>pg_cancel_backend(int)</function> return a
+      <type>boolean</type> rather than an <type>integer</type> (Neil)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> (Marko Kreen)
-       </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Some users are having problems loading UTF-8 data into 8.1.X.
+      This is because previous versions allowed invalid UTF-8 byte
+      sequences to be entered into the database, and this release
+      properly accepts only valid UTF-8 sequences. One way to correct a
+      dumpfile is to run the command <command>iconv -c -f UTF-8 -t
+      UTF-8 -o cleanfile.sql dumpfile.sql</>. The <literal>-c</> option
+      removes invalid character sequences. A diff of the two files will
+      show the sequences that are invalid. <command>iconv</> reads the
+      entire input file into memory so it might be necessary to use
+      <application>split</> to break up the dump into multiple smaller
+      files for processing.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-       <itemizedlist>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Implementation of OpenPGP symmetric-key and public-key encryption
-         </para>
-         <para>
-          Both RSA and Elgamal public-key algorithms are supported.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Stand alone build: include SHA256/384/512 hashes, Fortuna PRNG
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          OpenSSL build: support 3DES, use internal AES with OpenSSL &lt; 0.9.7
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Take build parameters (OpenSSL, zlib) from <filename>configure</> result
-         </para>
-         <para>
-          There is no need to edit the <filename>Makefile</> anymore.
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-         <para>
-          Remove support for <filename>libmhash</> and <filename>libmcrypt</>
-         </para>
-        </listitem>
-
-       </itemizedlist>
-      </listitem>
-
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-14">
-   <title>Release 8.0.14</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Additional Changes</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.13.
+    Below you will find a detailed account of the additional changes
+    between <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1 and the
+    previous major release.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.14</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Performance Improvements</title>
     <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
+       Improve GiST and R-tree index performance (Neil)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+       Improve the optimizer, including auto-resizing of hash joins
+       (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+       Overhaul internal API in several areas
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
-       the syslogger process (Andrew)
+       Change WAL record CRCs from 64-bit to 32-bit (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       We determined that the extra cost of computing 64-bit CRCs was
+       significant, and the gain in reliability too marginal to justify it.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
+       Prevent writing large empty gaps in WAL pages (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
+       Improve spinlock behavior on SMP machines, particularly Opterons (Tom)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
-       due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+       Allow nonconsecutive index columns to be used in a multicolumn
+       index (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       For example, this allows an index on columns a,b,c to be used in
+       a query with <command>WHERE a = 4 and c = 10</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
+       Skip WAL logging for <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> /
+       <command>SELECT INTO</> (Simon)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Since a crash during <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> would cause the
+       table to be dropped during recovery, there is no reason to WAL
+       log as the table is loaded.  (Logging still happens if WAL
+       archiving is enabled, however.)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Windows socket improvements (Magnus)
+       Allow concurrent GiST index access (Teodor, Oleg)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
-       because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
+       Add configuration parameter <varname>full_page_writes</> to
+       control writing full pages to WAL (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       To prevent partial disk writes from corrupting the database,
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> writes a complete copy of
+       each database disk page to WAL the first time it is modified
+       after a checkpoint. This option turns off that functionality for more
+       speed.  This is safe to use with battery-backed disk caches where
+       partial page writes cannot happen.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+       Use <literal>O_DIRECT</> if available when using
+       <literal>O_SYNC</> for <varname>wal_sync_method</varname>
+       (Itagaki Takahiro)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <literal>O_DIRECT</> causes disk writes to bypass the kernel
+       cache, and for WAL writes, this improves performance.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-13">
-   <title>Release 8.0.13</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.12,
-    including a security fix.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.13</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Improve <command>COPY FROM</> performance (Alon Goldshuv)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This was accomplished by reading <command>COPY</> input in
+       larger chunks, rather than character by character.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Improve the performance of <function>COUNT()</function>,
+       <function>SUM</function>, <function>AVG()</function>,
+       <function>STDDEV()</function>, and
+       <function>VARIANCE()</function> (Neil, Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Server Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 8.0.10)
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Prevent problems due to transaction ID (XID) wraparound (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The server will now warn when the transaction counter approaches
+       the wraparound point.  If the counter becomes too close to wraparound,
+       the server will stop accepting queries.  This ensures that data is
+       not lost before needed vacuuming is performed.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Fix problems with object IDs (OIDs) conflicting with existing system
+       objects after the OID counter has wrapped around (Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-12">
-   <title>Release 8.0.12</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains one fix from 8.0.11.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.12</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
-      functional indexes(Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add warning about the need to increase
+       <varname>max_fsm_relations</> and <varname>max_fsm_pages</>
+       during <command>VACUUM</> (Ron Mayer)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-11">
-   <title>Release 8.0.11</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.10, including
-    a security fix.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.11</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
-      function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
-      data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
-      errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add <varname>temp_buffers</> configuration parameter to allow
+       users to determine the size of the local buffer area for
+       temporary table access (Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add session start time and client IP address to
+       <literal>pg_stat_activity</> (Magnus)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Adjust <literal>pg_stat</> views for bitmap scans (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The meanings of some of the fields have changed slightly.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Enhance <literal>pg_locks</> view (Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-10">
-   <title>Release 8.0.10</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.9.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.10</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+       Log queries for client-side <command>PREPARE</> and
+       <command>EXECUTE</> (Simon)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
-       among other things.
+       Allow Kerberos name and user name case sensitivity to be
+       specified in <filename>postgresql.conf</> (Magnus)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
-        <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
-        gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix possible deadlock in Windows signal handling (Teodor)
+       Add configuration parameter <varname>krb_server_hostname</> so
+       that the server host name can be specified as part of service
+       principal (Todd Kover)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       If not set, any service principal matching an entry in the
+       keytab can be used. This is new Kerberos matching behavior in
+       this release.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
-       empty elements (Tom)
+       Add <varname>log_line_prefix</> options for millisecond
+       timestamps (<literal>%m</>) and remote host (<literal>%h</>) (Ed
+       L.)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix ecpg memory leak during connection (Michael)
+       Add WAL logging for GiST indexes (Teodor, Oleg)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       GiST indexes are now safe for crash and point-in-time recovery.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
-       are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
-       new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+       Remove old <filename>*.backup</> files when we do
+       <function>pg_stop_backup()</> (Bruce)
       </para>
-
       <para>
-       This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
-       change the output of these functions.
+       This prevents a large number of <filename>*.backup</> files from
+       existing in <filename>pg_xlog/</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+       Add configuration parameters to control TCP/IP keep-alive
+       times for idle, interval, and count (Oliver Jowett)
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+       These values can be changed to allow more rapid detection of
+       lost client connections.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Update timezone database
+       Add per-user and per-database connection limits (Petr Jelinek)
       </para>
-
       <para>
-       This affects Australian and Canadian daylight-savings rules in
-       particular.
+       Using <command>ALTER USER</> and <command>ALTER DATABASE</>,
+       limits can now be enforced on the maximum number of sessions that
+       can concurrently connect as a specific user or to a specific database.
+       Setting the limit to zero disables user or database connections.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow more than two gigabytes of shared memory and per-backend
+       work memory on 64-bit machines (Koichi Suzuki)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New system catalog <structname>pg_pltemplate</> allows overriding
+       obsolete procedural-language definitions in dump files (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-9">
-   <title>Release 8.0.9</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
-   </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.8.
-   </para>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Query Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.9</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add temporary views (Koju Iijima, Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <command>HAVING</> without any aggregate functions or
+       <command>GROUP BY</> so that the query returns a single group (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously, such a case would treat the <command>HAVING</>
+       clause the same as a <command>WHERE</> clause.  This was not per spec.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>USING</> clause to allow additional tables to be
+       specified to <command>DELETE</> (Euler Taveira de Oliveira, Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In prior releases, there was no clear method for specifying
+       additional tables to be used for joins in a <command>DELETE</>
+       statement. <command>UPDATE</> already has a <literal>FROM</>
+       clause for this purpose.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>\x</> hex escapes in backend and ecpg
+       strings (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is just like the standard C <literal>\x</> escape syntax.
+       Octal escapes were already supported.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix crash when referencing <literal>NEW</> row
-values in rule WHERE expressions (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
-ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix mishandling of AFTER triggers when query contains a SQL
-function returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER TABLE ... TYPE</> to recheck
-<literal>NOT NULL</> for <literal>USING</> clause (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
-  matches for the separator string</para>
-<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
-  <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
-  (Teodor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Numerous robustness fixes in <application>ecpg</> (Joachim
-Wieland)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix instability of statistics collection on Win32 (Tom, Andrew)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> and
-<productname>Intel</> compilers (Tom)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>BETWEEN SYMMETRIC</> query syntax (Pavel Stehule)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This feature allows <command>BETWEEN</> comparisons without
+       requiring the first value to be less than the second. For
+       example, <command>2 BETWEEN [ASYMMETRIC] 3 AND 1</> returns
+       false, while <command>2 BETWEEN SYMMETRIC 3 AND 1</> returns
+       true. <command>BETWEEN ASYMMETRIC</> was already supported.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>NOWAIT</> option to <command>SELECT ... FOR
+       UPDATE/SHARE</> (Hans-Juergen Schoenig)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       While the <varname>statement_timeout</> configuration
+       parameter allows a query taking more than a certain amount of
+       time to be cancelled, the <command>NOWAIT</> option allows a
+       query to be canceled as soon as a <command>SELECT ... FOR
+       UPDATE/SHARE</> command cannot immediately acquire a row lock.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-8">
-   <title>Release 8.0.8</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.7,
-    including patches for extremely serious security issues.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Track dependencies of shared objects (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> allows global tables
+       (users, databases, tablespaces) to reference information in
+       multiple databases. This addition adds dependency information
+       for global tables, so, for example, user ownership can be
+       tracked across databases, so a user who owns something in any
+       database can no longer be removed. Dependency tracking already
+       existed for database-local objects.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.8</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow limited <command>ALTER OWNER</> commands to be performed
+       by the object owner (Stephen Frost)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prior releases allowed only superusers to change object owners.
+       Now, ownership can be transferred if the user executing the command
+       owns the object and would be able to create it as the new owner
+       (that is, the user is a member of the new owning role and that role
+       has the CREATE permission that would be needed to create the object
+       afresh).
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>ALTER</> object <command>SET SCHEMA</> capability
+       for some object types (tables, functions, types) (Bernd Helmle)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows objects to be moved to different schemas.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
-     CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
-     code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
-     into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
-     ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
-     most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
-     libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
-     <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
-     rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE TRIGGER</command> to
+       disable triggers (Satoshi Nagayasu)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
-characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
-<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
-some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
-textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
-defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
-</para></listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
-<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
-described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
-<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
-literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
-<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
-GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
-A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
-adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
-CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
-<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
-clients are insecure.
-</para></listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
-aware of encoding considerations and
-<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
-<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
-issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
-them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
-Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
-concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
-<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
-for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
-do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
-routines instead.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>TRUNCATE</> to truncate multiple tables in a
+       single command (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Because of referential integrity checks, it is not allowed to
+       truncate a table that is part of a referential integrity
+       constraint. Using this new functionality, <command>TRUNCATE</>
+       can be used to truncate such tables, if both tables involved in
+       a referential integrity constraint are truncated in a single
+       <command>TRUNCATE</> command.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
-<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>alt_to_iso</>,
-<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
-<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
-extents.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Properly process carriage returns and line feeds in
+       <command>COPY CSV</> mode (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In release 8.0, carriage returns and line feeds in <command>CSV
+       COPY TO</> were processed in an inconsistent manner. (This was
+       documented on the TODO list.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
-(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>COPY WITH CSV HEADER</> to allow a header line as
+       the first line in <command>COPY</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows handling of the common <command>CSV</> usage of
+       placing the column names on the first line of the data file. For
+       <command>COPY TO</>, the first line contains the column names,
+       and for <command>COPY FROM</>, the first line is ignored.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug that sometimes caused OR'd index scans to
-miss rows they should have returned</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       On Windows, display better sub-second precision in
+       <command>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</> (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a btree index has been
-truncated</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add trigger duration display to <command>EXPLAIN ANALYZE</>
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prior releases included trigger execution time as part of the
+       total execution time, but did not show it separately.  It is now
+       possible to see how much time is spent in each trigger.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
-<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>\x</> hex escapes in <command>COPY</>
+       (Sergey Ten)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previous releases only supported octal escapes.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>SELECT INTO</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> to
-create tables in the default tablespace, not the base directory (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <command>SHOW ALL</> include variable descriptions
+       (Matthias Schmidt)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <command>SHOW</> varname still only displays the variable's
+       value and does not include the description.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
-Fuhr)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <application>initdb</application> create a new standard
+       database called <literal>postgres</>, and convert utilities to
+       use <literal>postgres</> rather than <literal>template1</> for
+       standard lookups (Dave)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In prior releases, <literal>template1</> was used both as a
+       default connection for utilities like
+       <application>createuser</application>, and as a template for
+       new databases. This caused <command>CREATE DATABASE</> to
+       sometimes fail, because a new database cannot be created if
+       anyone else is in the template database. With this change, the
+       default connection database is now <literal>postgres</>,
+       meaning it is much less likely someone will be using
+       <literal>template1</> during <command>CREATE DATABASE</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for Bonjour on Intel Macs (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Create new <application>reindexdb</application> command-line
+       utility by moving <filename>/contrib/reindexdb</> into the
+       server (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with password prompting on some Win32 systems
-(Robert Kinberg)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-7">
-   <title>Release 8.0.7</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>MAX()</> and <function>MIN()</> aggregates for
+       array types (Koju Iijima)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>to_date()</> and <function>to_timestamp()</> to
+       behave reasonably when <literal>CC</> and <literal>YY</> fields
+       are both used (Karel Zak)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       If the format specification contains <literal>CC</> and a year
+       specification is <literal>YYY</> or longer, ignore the
+       <literal>CC</>. If the year specification is <literal>YY</> or
+       shorter, interpret <literal>CC</> as the previous century.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.6.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>md5(bytea)</> (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <function>md5(text)</> already existed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.7</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <command>numeric ^ numeric</> based on
+       <function>power(numeric, numeric)</>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The function already existed, but there was no operator assigned
+       to it.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.6.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <type>NUMERIC</> modulus by properly truncating the quotient
+       during computation (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, modulus for large values sometimes
+       returned negative results due to rounding of the quotient.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a function <function>lastval()</> (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <function>lastval()</> is a simplified version of
+       <function>currval()</>. It automatically determines the proper
+       sequence name based on the most recent <function>nextval()</> or
+       <function>setval()</> call performed by the current session.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>to_timestamp(DOUBLE PRECISION) (Michael Glaesemann)</>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Converts Unix seconds since 1970 to a <type>TIMESTAMP WITH
+       TIMEZONE</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix potential crash in <command>SET
-SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
-<para>An unprivileged user could crash the server process, resulting in
-momentary denial of service to other users, if the server has been compiled
-with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
-Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_postmaster_start_time()</> function (Euler
+       Taveira de Oliveira, Matthias Schmidt)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
-rows (Tom)</para>
-<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
-could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
-created in 8.0.4, 7.4.9, and 7.3.11 releases.
-</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the full use of time zone names in <command>AT TIME
+       ZONE</>, not just the short list previously available (Magnus)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously, only a predefined list of time zone names were
+       supported by <command>AT TIME ZONE</>. Now any supported time
+       zone name can be used, e.g.:
+       <programlisting>
+        SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/London';
+       </programlisting>
+       In the above query, the time zone used is adjusted based on the
+       daylight saving time rules that were in effect on the supplied
+       date.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
-exists</> errors during pg_clog and pg_subtrans file creation
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>GREATEST()</> and <function>LEAST()</> variadic
+       functions (Pavel Stehule)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These functions take a variable number of arguments and return
+       the greatest or least value among the arguments.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix cases that could lead to crashes if a cache-invalidation
-message arrives at just the wrong time (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_column_size()</> (Mark Kirkwood)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This returns storage size of a column, which might be compressed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
-<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>regexp_replace()</> (Atsushi Ogawa)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows regular expression replacement, like sed. An optional
+       flag argument allows selection of global (replace all) and
+       case-insensitive modes.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Ensure <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> will process
-<literal>FOREIGN KEY</>, <literal>UNIQUE</>, and <literal>PRIMARY KEY</>
-constraints in the proper order (Nakano Yoshihisa)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix interval division and multiplication (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previous versions sometimes returned unjustified results, like
+       <command>'4 months'::interval / 5</> returning <command>'1 mon
+       -6 days'</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fixes to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
-references to custom operators or operator classes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix roundoff behavior in timestamp, time, and interval output (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This fixes some cases in which the seconds field would be shown as
+       <literal>60</> instead of incrementing the higher-order fields.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_restore</> to continue properly after a
-<command>COPY</> failure; formerly it tried to treat the remaining
-<command>COPY</> data as SQL commands (Stephen Frost)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a separate day field to type <type>interval</> so a one day
+       interval can be distinguished from a 24 hour interval (Michael
+       Glaesemann)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Days that contain a daylight saving time adjustment are not 24
+       hours long, but typically 23 or 25 hours.  This change creates a
+       conceptual distinction between intervals of <quote>so many days</>
+       and intervals of <quote>so many hours</>.  Adding
+       <literal>1 day</> to a timestamp now gives the same local time on
+       the next day even if a daylight saving time adjustment occurs
+       between, whereas adding <literal>24 hours</> will give a different
+       local time when this happens.  For example, under US DST rules:
+       <programlisting>
+        '2005-04-03 00:00:00-05' + '1 day' = '2005-04-04 00:00:00-04'
+        '2005-04-03 00:00:00-05' + '24 hours' = '2005-04-04 01:00:00-04'
+       </programlisting>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_ctl</> <literal>unregister</> crash
-when the  data directory is not specified (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>justify_days()</> and <function>justify_hours()</>
+       (Michael Glaesemann)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These functions, respectively, adjust days to an appropriate
+       number of full months and days, and adjust hours to an
+       appropriate number of full days and hours.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>ecpg</> crash on AMD64 and PPC
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Move <filename>/contrib/dbsize</> into the backend, and rename
+       some of the functions (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Recover properly if error occurs during argument passing
-in <application>PL/python</> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+           <function>pg_tablespace_size()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>PL/perl</>'s handling of locales on
-Win32 to match the backend (Andrew)</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_database_size()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix crash when <literal>log_min_messages</> is set to
-<literal>DEBUG3</> or above in <filename>postgresql.conf</> on Win32
-(Bruce)</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_relation_size()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>pgxs</> <literal>-L</> library path
-specification for Win32, Cygwin, OS X, AIX (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_total_relation_size()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Check that SID is enabled while checking for Win32 admin
-privileges (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_size_pretty()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly reject out-of-range date inputs (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
+       </itemizedlist>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <function>pg_total_relation_size()</> includes indexes and TOAST
+       tables.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
-and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add functions for read-only file access to the cluster directory
+       (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <itemizedlist>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_stat_file()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_read_file()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-6">
-   <title>Release 8.0.6</title>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <function>pg_ls_dir()</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+       </itemizedlist>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.5.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_reload_conf()</> to force reloading of the
+       configuration files (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.6</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_rotate_logfile()</> to force rotation of the
+       server log file (Dave Page, Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.3.
-     Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
-     columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
-     <application>plperl</> issues described below.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <literal>pg_stat_*</> views to include TOAST tables (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-<itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix Windows code so that postmaster will continue rather
-than exit if there is no more room in ShmemBackendArray (Magnus)</para>
-<para>The previous behavior could lead to a denial-of-service situation if too
-many connection requests arrive close together.  This applies
-<emphasis>only</> to the Windows port.</para></listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Encoding and Locale Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug introduced in 8.0 that could allow ReadBuffer
-to return an already-used page as new, potentially causing loss of
-recently-committed data (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Rename some encodings to be more consistent and to follow
+       international standards (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
-outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <literal>UNICODE</> is now <literal>UTF8</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
-different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
-<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns.</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <literal>ALT</> is now <literal>WIN866</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
-to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
-<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
-started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
-<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
-<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
-<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <literal>WIN</> is now <literal>WIN1251</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Allow more flexible relocation of installation
-directories (Tom)</para>
-<para>Previous releases supported relocation only if all installation
-directory paths were the same except for the last component.</para></listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+         <literal>TCVN</> is now <literal>WIN1258</>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
-handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
-</para></listitem>
+       </itemizedlist>
+      </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Various fixes for functions returning <literal>RECORD</>s
-(Tom) </para></listitem>
+      <para>
+       The original names still work.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
-which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
-XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
-<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>WIN1252</> encoding (Roland Volkmann)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
-rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
-what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for four-byte <literal>UTF8</> characters (John
+       Hansen)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously only one, two, and three-byte <literal>UTF8</> characters
+       were supported. This is particularly important for support for
+       some Chinese character sets.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow direct conversion between <literal>EUC_JP</> and
+       <literal>SJIS</> to improve performance (Atsushi Ogawa)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the UTF8 encoding to work on Windows (Magnus)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is done by mapping UTF8 to the Windows-native UTF16
+       implementation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-5">
-   <title>Release 8.0.5</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
-   </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.4.
-   </para>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>General Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.5</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</> (Sergey Yatskevich)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.3.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow function characteristics, like strictness and volatility,
+       to be modified via <command>ALTER FUNCTION</> (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Increase the maximum number of function arguments to 100 (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow SQL and PL/PgSQL functions to use <command>OUT</> and
+       <command>INOUT</> parameters (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <command>OUT</> is an alternate way for a function to return
+       values. Instead of using <command>RETURN</>, values can be
+       returned by assigning to parameters declared as <command>OUT</> or
+       <command>INOUT</>.  This is notationally simpler in some cases,
+       particularly so when multiple values need to be returned.
+       While returning multiple values from a function
+       was possible in previous releases, this greatly simplifies the
+       process.  (The feature will be extended to other server-side
+       languages in future releases.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition in transaction log management</para>
-<para>There was a narrow window in which an I/O operation could be initiated
-for the wrong page, leading to an Assert failure or data
-corruption.</para>
-</listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Move language handler functions into the <literal>pg_catalog</> schema
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This makes it easier to drop the public schema if desired.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bgwriter problems after recovering from errors
-(Tom)</para>
-<para>
-The background writer was found to leak buffer pins after write errors.
-While not fatal in itself, this might lead to mysterious blockages of
-later VACUUM commands.
-</para>
-</listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>SPI_getnspname()</function> to SPI (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
-when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/ltree</> fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>PL/PgSQL Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>AIX and HPUX compile fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Overhaul the memory management of PL/PgSQL functions (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The parsetree of each function is now stored in a separate
+       memory context. This allows this memory to be easily reclaimed
+       when it is no longer needed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Retry file reads and writes after Windows
-NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES error (Qingqing Zhou)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Check function syntax at <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> time,
+       rather than at runtime (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously, most syntax errors were reported only when the
+       function was executed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix intermittent failure when <varname>log_line_prefix</>
-includes <literal>%i</></para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>OPEN</> to open non-<command>SELECT</> queries
+       like <command>EXPLAIN</> and <command>SHOW</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <application>psql</> performance issue with long scripts
-on Windows (Merlin Moncure)</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       No longer require functions to issue a <command>RETURN</>
+       statement (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is a byproduct of the newly added <command>OUT</> and
+       <command>INOUT</> functionality.  <command>RETURN</> can
+       be omitted when it is not needed to provide the function's
+       return value.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix missing updates of <filename>pg_group</> flat
-file</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for an optional <command>INTO</> clause to
+       PL/PgSQL's <command>EXECUTE</> statement (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding planning error for outer joins</para>
-<para>This bug sometimes caused a bogus error <quote>RIGHT JOIN is
-only supported with merge-joinable join conditions</>.</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> set <command>ROW_COUNT</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Postpone timezone initialization until after
-<filename>postmaster.pid</> is created</para>
-<para>This avoids confusing startup scripts that expect the pid file to appear
-quickly.</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Define <literal>SQLSTATE</> and <literal>SQLERRM</> to return
+       the <literal>SQLSTATE</> and error message of the current
+       exception (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These variables are only defined inside exception blocks.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent core dump in <application>pg_autovacuum</> when a
-table has been dropped</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the parameters to the <command>RAISE</> statement to be
+       expressions (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with whole-row references (<literal>foo.*</>)
-to subquery results</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a loop <command>CONTINUE</> statement (Pavel Stehule, Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow block and loop labels (Pavel Stehule)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-4">
-   <title>Release 8.0.4</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
-   </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.3.
-   </para>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>PL/Perl Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.4</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow large result sets to be returned efficiently (Abhijit
+       Menon-Sen)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows functions to use <function>return_next()</> to avoid
+       building the entire result set in memory.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
-     notes for 8.0.3.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow one-row-at-a-time retrieval of query results (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows functions to use <function>spi_query()</> and
+       <function>spi_fetchrow()</> to avoid accumulating the entire
+       result set in memory.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Force PL/Perl to handle strings as <literal>UTF8</> if the
+       server encoding is <literal>UTF8</> (David Kamholz)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
-<literal>ctid</> chains too soon, and add more checking in code that follows
-<literal>ctid</> links</para>
-<para>This fixes a long-standing problem that could cause crashes in very rare
-circumstances.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <type>CHAR()</> to properly pad spaces to the specified
-length when using a multiple-byte character set (Yoshiyuki Asaba)</para>
-<para>In prior releases, the padding of <type>CHAR()</> was incorrect
-because it only padded to the specified number of bytes without
-considering how many characters were stored.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Force a checkpoint before committing <command>CREATE
-DATABASE</></para>
-<para>This should fix recent reports of <quote>index is not a btree</>
-failures when a crash occurs shortly after <command>CREATE
-DATABASE</>.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix the sense of the test for read-only transaction
-in <command>COPY</></para>
-<para>The code formerly prohibited <command>COPY TO</>, where it should
-prohibit <command>COPY FROM</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Handle consecutive embedded newlines in <command>COPY</>
-CSV-mode input</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>date_trunc(week)</> for dates near year
-end</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix planning problem with outer-join ON clauses that reference
-only the inner-side relation</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Further fixes for <literal>x FULL JOIN y ON true</> corner
-cases</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix overenthusiastic optimization of <literal>x IN (SELECT
-DISTINCT ...)</> and related cases</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix mis-planning of queries with small <literal>LIMIT</>
-values due to poorly thought out <quote>fuzzy</> cost
-comparison</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <function>array_in</> and <function>array_recv</> more
-paranoid about validating their OID parameter</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix missing rows in queries like <literal>UPDATE a=... WHERE
-a...</> with GiST index on column <literal>a</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve robustness of datetime parsing</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve checking for partially-written WAL
-pages</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve robustness of signal handling when SSL is
-enabled</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve MIPS and M68K spinlock code</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Don't try to open more than <literal>max_files_per_process</>
-files during postmaster startup</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various memory leakage fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various portability improvements</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Update timezone data files</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve handling of DLL load failures on Windows</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve random-number generation on Windows</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <literal>psql -f filename</> return a nonzero exit code
-when opening the file fails</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Change <application>pg_dump</> to handle inherited check
-constraints more reliably</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix password prompting in <application>pg_restore</> on
-Windows</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix PL/PgSQL to handle <literal>var := var</> correctly when
-the variable is of pass-by-reference type</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix PL/Perl <literal>%_SHARED</> so it's actually
-shared</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</> to allow sleep
-intervals over 2000 sec</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Update <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to use current Snowball
-code</para></listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a validator function for PL/Perl (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows syntax errors to be reported at definition time,
+       rather than execution time.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow PL/Perl to return a Perl array when the function returns
+       an array type (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This basically maps <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> arrays
+       to Perl arrays.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow Perl nonfatal warnings to generate <command>NOTICE</>
+       messages (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow Perl's <literal>strict</> mode to be enabled (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK</> to allow statements in
+       a transaction to error without affecting the rest of the
+       transaction (Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is basically implemented by wrapping every statement in a
+       sub-transaction.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>\x</> hex strings in
+       <application>psql</> variables (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Octal escapes were already supported.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <command>troff -ms</> output format (Roger
+       Leigh)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow the history file location to be controlled by
+       <envar>HISTFILE</> (Andreas Seltenreich)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows configuration of per-database history storage.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Prevent <command>\x</> (expanded mode) from affecting
+       the output of <command>\d tablename</> (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>-L</> option to <application>psql</application> to
+       log sessions (Lorne Sunley)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This option was added because some operating systems do not have
+       simple command-line activity logging functionality.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <command>\d</> show the tablespaces of indexes (Qingqing
+       Zhou)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>psql</application> help (<command>\h</>) to
+       make a best guess on the proper help information (Greg Sabino
+       Mullane)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows the user to just add <command>\h</> to the front of
+       the syntax error query and get help on the supported syntax.
+       Previously any additional query text beyond the command name
+       had to be removed to use <command>\h</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>\pset numericlocale</> to allow numbers to be
+       output in a locale-aware format (Eugen Nedelcu)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       For example, using <literal>C</> locale <literal>100000</> would
+       be output as <literal>100,000.0</> while a European locale might
+       output this value as <literal>100.000,0</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make startup banner show both server version number and
+       <application>psql</>'s version number, when they are different (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Also, a warning will be shown if the server and <application>psql</>
+       are from different major releases.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>-n</> / <option>--schema</> switch to
+       <application>pg_restore</> (Richard van den Berg)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows just the objects in a specified schema to be restored.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump large objects even in
+       text mode (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       With this change, large objects are now always dumped; the former
+       <option>-b</> switch is a no-op.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump a consistent snapshot of
+       large objects (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Dump comments for large objects (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>--encoding</> to <application>pg_dump</>
+       (Magnus Hagander)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows a database to be dumped in an encoding that is
+       different from the server's encoding. This is valuable when
+       transferring the dump to a machine with a different encoding.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Rely on <structname>pg_pltemplate</> for procedural languages (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       If the call handler for a procedural language is in the
+       <literal>pg_catalog</> schema, <application>pg_dump</> does not
+       dump the handler.  Instead, it dumps the language using just
+       <command>CREATE LANGUAGE <replaceable>name</></command>,
+       relying on the <structname>pg_pltemplate</> catalog to provide
+       the language's creation parameters at load time.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>libpq</application> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a <envar>PGPASSFILE</> environment variable to specify the
+       password file's filename (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>lo_create()</>, that is similar to
+       <function>lo_creat()</> but allows the OID of the large object
+       to be specified (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <application>libpq</application> consistently return an error
+       to the client application on <function>malloc()</function>
+       failure (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Source Code Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <application>pgxs</> to support building against a relocated
+       installation
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add spinlock support for the Itanium processor using Intel
+       compiler (Vikram Kalsi)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add Kerberos 5 support for Windows (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add Chinese FAQ (laser@pgsqldb.com)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Rename Rendezvous to Bonjour to match OS/X feature renaming
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add support for <literal>fsync_writethrough</literal> on
+       Darwin (Chris Campbell)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Streamline the passing of information within the server, the
+       optimizer, and the lock system (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>pg_config</> to be compiled using MSVC (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is required to build DBD::Pg using <application>MSVC</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove support for Kerberos V4 (Magnus)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Kerberos 4 had security vulnerabilities and is no longer
+       maintained.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Code cleanups (Coverity static analysis performed by
+       EnterpriseDB)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Modify <filename>postgresql.conf</> to use documentation defaults
+       <literal>on</>/<literal>off</> rather than
+       <literal>true</>/<literal>false</> (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Enhance <application>pg_config</> to be able to report more
+       build-time values (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>libpq</application> to be built thread-safe
+       on Windows (Dave Page)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow IPv6 connections to be used on Windows (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add Server Administration documentation about I/O subsystem
+       reliability (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Move private declarations from <filename>gist.h</filename> to
+       <filename>gist_private.h</filename> (Neil)
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, <filename>gist.h</> contained both the
+       public GiST API (intended for use by authors of GiST index
+       implementations) as well as some private declarations used by
+       the implementation of GiST itself. The latter have been moved
+       to a separate file, <filename>gist_private.h</>. Most GiST
+       index implementations should be unaffected.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Overhaul GiST memory management (Neil)
+      </para>
+
+      <para>
+       GiST methods are now always invoked in a short-lived memory
+       context. Therefore, memory allocated via <function>palloc()</>
+       will be reclaimed automatically, so GiST index implementations
+       do not need to manually release allocated memory via
+       <function>pfree()</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Contrib Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <filename>/contrib/pg_buffercache</> contrib module (Mark
+       Kirkwood)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This displays the contents of the buffer cache, for debugging and
+       performance tuning purposes.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <filename>/contrib/array</> because it is obsolete (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Clean up the <filename>/contrib/lo</> module (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Move <filename>/contrib/findoidjoins</> to
+       <filename>/src/tools</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove the <literal>&lt;&lt;</>, <literal>&gt;&gt;</>,
+       <literal>&amp;&lt;</>, and <literal>&amp;&gt;</> operators from
+       <filename>/contrib/cube</>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These operators were not useful.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve <filename>/contrib/btree_gist</> (Janko Richter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve <filename>/contrib/pgbench</> (Tomoaki Sato, Tatsuo)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       There is now a facility for testing with SQL command scripts given
+       by the user, instead of only a hard-wired command sequence.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> (Marko Kreen)
+      </para>
+
+      <itemizedlist>
+
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Implementation of OpenPGP symmetric-key and public-key encryption
+        </para>
+        <para>
+         Both RSA and Elgamal public-key algorithms are supported.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Stand alone build: include SHA256/384/512 hashes, Fortuna PRNG
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         OpenSSL build: support 3DES, use internal AES with OpenSSL &lt; 0.9.7
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Take build parameters (OpenSSL, zlib) from <filename>configure</> result
+        </para>
+        <para>
+         There is no need to edit the <filename>Makefile</> anymore.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Remove support for <filename>libmhash</> and <filename>libmcrypt</>
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+
+      </itemizedlist>
+     </listitem>
+
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-15">
+  <title>Release 8.0.15</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.14,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   This is the last 8.0.X release for which the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
+   community will produce binary packages for <productname>Windows</>.
+   Windows users are encouraged to move to 8.2.X or later,
+   since there are Windows-specific fixes in 8.2.X that
+   are impractical to back-port.  8.0.X will continue to
+   be supported on other platforms.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.15</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Repair assorted bugs in the regular-expression package (Tom, Will Drewry)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      Suitably crafted regular-expression patterns could cause crashes,
+      infinite or near-infinite looping, and/or massive memory consumption,
+      all of which pose denial-of-service hazards for applications that
+      accept regex search patterns from untrustworthy sources.
+      (CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      The fix that appeared for this in 8.0.14 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update time zone data files to <application>tzdata</> release 2007k
+      (in particular, recent Argentina changes) (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix planner failure in some cases of <literal>WHERE false AND var IN
+      (SELECT ...)</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Preserve the tablespace of indexes that are
+      rebuilt by <command>ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make archive recovery always start a new WAL timeline, rather than only
+      when a recovery stop time was used (Simon)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This avoids a corner-case risk of trying to overwrite an existing
+      archived copy of the last WAL segment, and seems simpler and cleaner
+      than the original definition.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>VACUUM</> not use all of <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>
+      when the table is too small for it to be useful (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Perl to cope when platform's Perl defines type <literal>bool</>
+      as <literal>int</> rather than <literal>char</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      While this could theoretically happen anywhere, no standard build of
+      Perl did things this way ... until <productname>Mac OS X</> 10.5.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Python to not crash on long exception messages (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <application>pg_dump</> to correctly handle inheritance child tables
+      that have default expressions different from their parent's (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>ecpg</> parser fixes (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <type>tsvector</> and <type>tsquery</> output routines to
+      escape backslashes correctly (Teodor, Bruce)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash of <function>to_tsvector()</> on huge input strings (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-14">
+  <title>Release 8.0.14</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.13.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.14</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix logging so that log messages are never interleaved when using
+      the syslogger process (Andrew)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix incorrect handling of some foreign-key corner cases (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
+      due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update the time zone database rules, particularly New Zealand's upcoming changes (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Windows socket improvements (Magnus)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Suppress timezone name (<literal>%Z</>) in log timestamps on Windows
+      because of possible encoding mismatches (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-13">
+  <title>Release 8.0.13</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.12,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.13</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+     <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+     and operators (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+     truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+     an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+     with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+     See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+     <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 8.0.10)
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix POSIX-style timezone specs to follow new USA DST rules (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-12">
+  <title>Release 8.0.12</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-07</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains one fix from 8.0.11.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.12</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove overly-restrictive check for type length in constraints and
+     functional indexes(Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-11">
+  <title>Release 8.0.11</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.10, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.11</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove security vulnerabilities that allowed connected users
+     to read backend memory (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The vulnerabilities involve suppressing the normal check that a SQL
+     function returns the data type it's declared to, and changing the
+     data type of a table column (CVE-2007-0555, CVE-2007-0556).  These
+     errors can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+     principle might be used to read database content that the user
+     should not be able to access.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+     due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+     over three bytes long (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-10">
+  <title>Release 8.0.10</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.9.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.10</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
+      among other things.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
+       <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix race condition for truncation of a large relation across a
+       gigabyte boundary by <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix possible deadlock in Windows signal handling (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
+      empty elements (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix ecpg memory leak during connection (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
+      are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
+      new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
+      change the output of these functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Update timezone database
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      This affects Australian and Canadian daylight-savings rules in
+      particular.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-9">
+  <title>Release 8.0.9</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.8.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.9</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix crash when referencing <literal>NEW</> row
+values in rule WHERE expressions (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
+ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix mishandling of AFTER triggers when query contains a SQL
+function returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER TABLE ... TYPE</> to recheck
+<literal>NOT NULL</> for <literal>USING</> clause (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
+ matches for the separator string</para>
+<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
+ <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
+ (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Numerous robustness fixes in <application>ecpg</> (Joachim
+Wieland)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix instability of statistics collection on Win32 (Tom, Andrew)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> and
+<productname>Intel</> compilers (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-8">
+  <title>Release 8.0.8</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.7,
+   including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.8</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
+    CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
+    code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
+    into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
+    ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
+    most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
+    libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
+    <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
+    rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
+characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
+<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
+some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
+textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
+defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
+</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
+<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
+described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
+<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
+literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
+<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
+GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
+A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
+adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
+CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
+<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
+clients are insecure.
+</para></listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-3">
-   <title>Release 8.0.3</title>
+<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
+aware of encoding considerations and
+<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
+<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
+issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
+them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
+Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
+concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
+<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
+for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
+do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
+routines instead.
+</para></listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
+<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>alt_to_iso</>,
+<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
+<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
+extents.
+</para></listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.2, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
+(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.3</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug that sometimes caused OR'd index scans to
+miss rows they should have returned</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
-     it is one possible way of handling two significant security problems
-     that have been found in the initial contents of 8.0.X system
-     catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 8.0.3's initdb will
-     automatically correct these problems.
-    </para>
+<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a btree index has been
+truncated</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     The larger security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
-     conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
-     users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
-     secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
-     the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
-     be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
-     by the encoding conversion machinery.)
-    </para>
+<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
+<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     The lesser problem is that the <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> module
-     creates several functions that are improperly declared to return
-     <type>internal</> when they do not accept <type>internal</> arguments.
-     This breaks type safety for all functions using <type>internal</>
-     arguments.
-    </para>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>SELECT INTO</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> to
+create tables in the default tablespace, not the base directory (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     It is strongly recommended that all installations repair these errors,
-     either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
-     below.  The errors at least allow unprivileged database users to crash
-     their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
-     privileges of a database superuser.
-    </para>
+<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
+Fuhr)</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the same manual repair
-     procedures shown in the <link linkend="release-7-4-8">7.4.8 release
-     notes</link>.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+<listitem><para>Fix for Bonjour on Intel Macs (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
-misuse</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Change <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to avoid unsafe use of
-<type>INTERNAL</> function results</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Guard against incorrect second parameter to
-<function>record_out</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair ancient race condition that allowed a transaction to be
-seen as committed for some purposes (eg SELECT FOR UPDATE) slightly sooner
-than for other purposes</para>
-<para>This is an extremely serious bug since it could lead to apparent
-data inconsistencies being briefly visible to applications.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair race condition between relation extension and
-VACUUM</para>
-<para>This could theoretically have caused loss of a page's worth of
-freshly-inserted data, although the scenario seems of very low probability.
-There are no known cases of it having caused more than an Assert failure.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix comparisons of <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para>
-<para>
-The comparison code was wrong in the case where the
-<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
-NOTE: if you have an index on a <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> column,
-it will need to be <command>REINDEX</>ed after installing this update, because
-the fix corrects the sort order of column values.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH)</> for
-<type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix mis-display of negative fractional seconds in
-<type>INTERVAL</> values</para>
-<para>
-This error only occurred when the
-<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix pg_dump to dump trigger names containing <literal>%</>
-correctly (Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Still more 64-bit fixes for
-<filename>contrib/intagg</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent incorrect optimization of functions returning
-<type>RECORD</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent crash on <literal>COALESCE(NULL,NULL)</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix Borland makefile for libpq</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/btree_gist</> for <type>timetz</> type
-(Teodor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <command>pg_ctl</> check the PID found in
-<filename>postmaster.pid</> to see if it is still a live
-process</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>pg_dump</>/<command>pg_restore</> problems caused
-by addition of dump timestamps</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix interaction between materializing holdable cursors and
-firing deferred triggers during transaction commit</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix memory leak in SQL functions returning pass-by-reference
-data types</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with password prompting on some Win32 systems
+(Robert Kinberg)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-2">
-   <title>Release 8.0.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-7">
+  <title>Release 8.0.7</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-04-07</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.1.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.6.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.2</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.7</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.*.
-     This release updates the major version number of the
-     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries, so it might be
-     necessary to re-link some user applications if they cannot
-     find the properly-numbered shared library.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.6, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.6.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Increment the major version number of all interface
- libraries (Bruce)</para>
-<para>
- This should have been done in 8.0.0.  It is required so 7.4.X versions
- of PostgreSQL client applications, like <application>psql</>,
- can be used on the same machine as 8.0.X applications.  This might require
- re-linking user applications that use these libraries.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Add Windows-only <varname>wal_sync_method</> setting of
- <option>fsync_writethrough</> (Magnus, Bruce)</para>
-<para>
- This setting causes <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to write through
- any disk-drive write cache when writing to WAL.
- This behavior was formerly called <option>fsync</>, but was
- renamed because it acts quite differently from <option>fsync</> on other
- platforms.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Enable the <varname>wal_sync_method</> setting of
- <option>open_datasync</> on Windows, and make it the default for that
-  platform (Magnus, Bruce)</para>
-<para>
- Because the default is no longer <option>fsync_writethrough</>,
- data loss is possible during a power failure if the disk drive has
- write caching enabled. To turn off the write cache on Windows,
- from the <application>Device Manager</>, choose the drive properties,
- then <literal>Policies</>.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>New cache management algorithm <acronym>2Q</> replaces
- <acronym>ARC</> (Tom)</para>
-<para>
- This was done to avoid a pending US patent on <acronym>ARC</>.  The
- <acronym>2Q</> code might be a few percentage points slower than
- <acronym>ARC</> for some work loads.  A better cache management algorithm
- will appear in 8.1.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Planner adjustments to improve behavior on freshly-created
-tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow plpgsql to assign to an element of an array that is
-initially <literal>NULL</> (Tom)</para>
-<para>
- Formerly the array would remain <literal>NULL</>, but now it becomes a
- single-element array.  The main SQL engine was changed to handle
- <command>UPDATE</> of a null array value this way in 8.0, but the similar
- case in plpgsql was overlooked.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Convert <literal>\r\n</> and <literal>\r</> to <literal>\n</>
-in plpython function bodies (Michael Fuhr)</para>
-<para>
-  This prevents syntax errors when plpython code is written on a Windows or
-  Mac client.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow SPI cursors to handle utility commands that return rows,
-such as <command>EXPLAIN</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>CLUSTER</> failure after <command>ALTER TABLE
- SET WITHOUT OIDS</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Reduce memory usage of <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</>
- (Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Document the Windows-only <literal>register</> and
-<literal>unregister</> options of <application>pg_ctl</> (Magnus)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Ensure operations done during backend shutdown are counted by
-statistics collector</para>
-<para>
- This is expected to resolve reports of <application>pg_autovacuum</>
- not vacuuming the system catalogs often enough &mdash; it was not being
- told about catalog deletions caused by temporary table removal during
- backend exit.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Change the Windows default for configuration parameter
- <varname>log_destination</> to <option>eventlog</> (Magnus)</para>
-<para>
- By default, a server running on Windows will now send log output to the
- Windows event logger rather than standard error.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make Kerberos authentication work on Windows (Magnus)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow <command>ALTER DATABASE RENAME</> by superusers
- who aren't flagged as having CREATEDB privilege (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Modify WAL log entries for <command>CREATE</> and
-<command>DROP DATABASE</> to not specify absolute paths (Tom)</para>
- <para>This allows point-in-time recovery on a different machine with possibly
- different database location.  Note that <command>CREATE TABLESPACE</> still
- poses a hazard in such situations.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix crash from a backend exiting with an open transaction
- that created a table and opened a cursor on it (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>array_map()</> so it can call PL functions
- (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> and
-<filename>contrib/btree_gist</> fixes (Teodor)
- </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix crash of some <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</>
- functions on some platforms (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/intagg</> for 64-bit platforms
- (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix ecpg bugs in parsing of <command>CREATE</> statement
- (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Work around gcc bug on powerpc and amd64 causing problems in
- ecpg (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Do not use locale-aware versions of <function>upper()</>,
- <function>lower()</>, and <function>initcap()</> when the locale is
- <literal>C</> (Bruce)</para>
-<para>
-  This allows these functions to work on platforms that generate errors
-  for non-7-bit data when the locale is <literal>C</>.
+
+<listitem><para>Fix potential crash in <command>SET
+SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
+<para>An unprivileged user could crash the server process, resulting in
+momentary denial of service to other users, if the server has been compiled
+with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
+Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>quote_ident()</> to quote names that match keywords (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>to_date()</> to behave reasonably when
- <literal>CC</> and <literal>YY</> fields are both used (Karel)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent <function>to_char(interval)</> from failing
- when given a zero-month interval (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix wrong week returned by <function>date_trunc('week')</>
-(Bruce)</para>
-<para>
- <function>date_trunc('week')</>
- returned the wrong year for the first few days of January in some years.
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
+rows (Tom)</para>
+<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
+could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
+created in 8.0.4, 7.4.9, and 7.3.11 releases.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Use the correct default mask length for class <literal>D</>
- addresses in <type>INET</> data types (Tom)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
+exists</> errors during pg_clog and pg_subtrans file creation
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0-1">
-   <title>Release 8.0.1</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix cases that could lead to crashes if a cache-invalidation
+message arrives at just the wrong time (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
-   </note>
+<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
+<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.0, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+<listitem><para>Ensure <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> will process
+<literal>FOREIGN KEY</>, <literal>UNIQUE</>, and <literal>PRIMARY KEY</>
+constraints in the proper order (Nakano Yoshihisa)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0.1</title>
+<listitem><para>Fixes to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
+references to custom operators or operator classes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.0.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+<listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_restore</> to continue properly after a
+<command>COPY</> failure; formerly it tried to treat the remaining
+<command>COPY</> data as SQL commands (Stephen Frost)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_ctl</> <literal>unregister</> crash
+when the  data directory is not specified (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>ecpg</> crash on AMD64 and PPC
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Recover properly if error occurs during argument passing
+in <application>PL/python</> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>PL/perl</>'s handling of locales on
+Win32 to match the backend (Andrew)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix crash when <literal>log_min_messages</> is set to
+<literal>DEBUG3</> or above in <filename>postgresql.conf</> on Win32
+(Bruce)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>pgxs</> <literal>-L</> library path
+specification for Win32, Cygwin, OS X, AIX (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
-<para>
-On platforms that will automatically execute initialization functions of a
-shared library (this includes at least Windows and ELF-based Unixen),
-<command>LOAD</> can be used to make the server execute arbitrary code.
-Thanks to NGS Software for reporting this.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Check that creator of an aggregate function has the right to
-execute the specified transition functions</para>
-<para>
-This oversight made it possible to bypass denial of EXECUTE
-permission on a function.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix security and 64-bit issues in
-contrib/intagg</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Add needed STRICT marking to some contrib functions (Kris
+<listitem><para>Check that SID is enabled while checking for Win32 admin
+privileges (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Properly reject out-of-range date inputs (Kris
 Jurka)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid buffer overrun when plpgsql cursor declaration has too
-many parameters (Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</> enforce domain
-constraints in all cases</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix planning error for FULL and RIGHT outer joins</para>
-<para>
-The result of the join was mistakenly supposed to be sorted the same as the
-left input.  This could not only deliver mis-sorted output to the user, but
-in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve planning of grouped aggregate queries</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><command>ROLLBACK TO <replaceable>savepoint</></command>
-closes cursors created since the savepoint</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix inadequate backend stack size on Windows</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid SHGetSpecialFolderPath() on Windows
-(Magnus)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix some problems in running pg_autovacuum as a Windows
-service (Dave Page)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Multiple minor bug fixes in
-pg_dump/pg_restore</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix ecpg segfault with named structs used in
-typedefs (Michael)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
+and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-8-0">
-   <title>Release 8.0</title>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-   <note>
-    <title>Release date</title>
-    <simpara>2005-01-19</simpara>
-   </note>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Overview</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-6">
+  <title>Release 8.0.6</title>
 
-    <para>
-     Major changes in this release:
-    </para>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <variablelist>
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Microsoft Windows Native Server
-      </term>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.5.
+  </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        This is the first <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> release
-        to run natively on <trademark class=registered>Microsoft Windows</> as
-        a server. It can run as a <productname>Windows</> service. This
-        release supports NT-based Windows releases like
-        <productname>Windows 2000 SP4</>, <productname>Windows XP</>, and
-        <productname>Windows 2003</>. Older releases like
-        <productname>Windows 95</>, <productname>Windows 98</>, and
-        <productname>Windows ME</> are not supported because these operating
-        systems do not have the infrastructure to support
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. A separate installer
-        project has been created to ease installation on
-        <productname>Windows</> &mdash; see <ulink
-        url="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/win32/"></ulink>.
-       </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.6</title>
 
-       <para>
-        Although tested throughout our release cycle, the Windows port
-        does not have the benefit of years of use in production
-        environments that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has on
-        Unix platforms.  Therefore it should be treated with the same
-        level of caution as you would a new product.
-       </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.3.
+    Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
+    columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
+    <application>plperl</> issues described below.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-       <para>
-        Previous releases required the Unix emulation toolkit
-        <productname>Cygwin</> in order to run the server on Windows
-        operating systems.  <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has
-        supported native clients on Windows for many years.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Savepoints
-      </term>
+<itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Savepoints allow specific parts of a transaction to be aborted
-        without affecting the remainder of the transaction. Prior
-        releases had no such capability; there was no way to recover
-        from a statement failure within a transaction except by
-        aborting the whole transaction. This feature is valuable for
-        application writers who require error recovery within a
-        complex transaction.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+<listitem><para>Fix Windows code so that postmaster will continue rather
+than exit if there is no more room in ShmemBackendArray (Magnus)</para>
+<para>The previous behavior could lead to a denial-of-service situation if too
+many connection requests arrive close together.  This applies
+<emphasis>only</> to the Windows port.</para></listitem>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Point-In-Time Recovery
-      </term>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug introduced in 8.0 that could allow ReadBuffer
+to return an already-used page as new, potentially causing loss of
+recently-committed data (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases there was no way to recover from disk
-        drive failure except to restore from a previous backup or use
-        a standby replication server.  Point-in-time recovery allows
-        continuous backup of the server.  You can recover either to
-        the point of failure or to some transaction in the past.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
+outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Tablespaces
-      </term>
+<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
+different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
+<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns.</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Tablespaces allow administrators to select different file systems
-        for storage of individual tables, indexes, and databases.
-        This improves performance and control over disk space
-        usage. Prior releases used <application>initlocation</> and
-        manual symlink management for such tasks.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
+to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
+<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
+started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
+<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
+<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
+<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Improved Buffer Management, <command>CHECKPOINT</command>,
-       <command>VACUUM</command>
-      </term>
+<listitem><para>Allow more flexible relocation of installation
+directories (Tom)</para>
+<para>Previous releases supported relocation only if all installation
+directory paths were the same except for the last component.</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        This release has a more intelligent buffer replacement strategy,
-        which will make better use of available shared buffers and
-        improve performance. The performance impact of vacuum and
-        checkpoints is also lessened.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
+handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
+</para></listitem>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Change Column Types
-      </term>
+<listitem><para>Various fixes for functions returning <literal>RECORD</>s
+(Tom) </para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        A column's data type can now be changed with <command>ALTER
-        TABLE</command>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
+which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
+XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
+<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       New Perl Server-Side Language
-      </term>
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
+rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
+what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        A new version of the <application>plperl</> server-side language now
-        supports a persistent shared storage area, triggers, returning records
-        and arrays of records, and SPI calls to access the database.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-        Comma-separated-value (CSV) support in <command>COPY</command>
-      </term>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>COPY</command> can now read and write
-        comma-separated-value files. It has the flexibility to
-        interpret nonstandard quoting and separation characters too.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-5">
+  <title>Release 8.0.5</title>
 
-    </variablelist>
-   </sect2>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 8.0</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.4.
+  </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
-     required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
-     release.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.5</title>
 
-    <para>
-     Observe the following incompatibilities:
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.3.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In <option>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
-       now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
-       beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
-       beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Functions declared <option>STABLE</> or <option>IMMUTABLE</> always
-       use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
-       effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
-       their own transaction or other transactions.  Such a function must be
-       read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
-       <command>SELECT</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition in transaction log management</para>
+<para>There was a narrow window in which an I/O operation could be initiated
+for the wrong page, leading to an Assert failure or data
+corruption.</para>
+</listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Nondeferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
-       after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
-       finishing the current interactive command. This makes a
-       difference when the triggering query occurred within a function:
-       the trigger is invoked before the function proceeds to its next
-       operation.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix bgwriter problems after recovering from errors
+(Tom)</para>
+<para>
+The background writer was found to leak buffer pins after write errors.
+While not fatal in itself, this might lead to mysterious blockages of
+later VACUUM commands.
+</para>
+</listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameters <varname>virtual_host</> and
-       <varname>tcpip_socket</> have been replaced with a more general
-       parameter <varname>listen_addresses</>. Also, the server now listens on
-       <literal>localhost</> by default, which eliminates the need for the
-       <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
+when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
-       <varname>VacuumMem</> have been renamed to <varname>work_mem</>
-       and <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> to better reflect their
-       use. The original names are still supported in
-       <command>SET</command> and <command>SHOW</command>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/ltree</> fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
-       <varname>log_timestamp</>, and <varname>log_source_port</> have been
-       replaced with a more general parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>AIX and HPUX compile fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameter <varname>syslog</> has been
-       replaced with a more logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to
-       control the log output destination.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Retry file reads and writes after Windows
+NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES error (Qingqing Zhou)</para></listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> has been
-       changed so it can selectively log just database modification or
-       data definition statements.  Server configuration parameter
-       <varname>log_duration</> now prints only when <varname>log_statement</>
-       prints the query.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix intermittent failure when <varname>log_line_prefix</>
+includes <literal>%i</></para></listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Server configuration parameter <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter has
-       been replaced with <varname>max_stack_depth</> which measures the
-       physical stack size rather than the expression nesting depth. This
-       helps prevent session termination due to stack overflow caused by
-       recursive functions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <application>psql</> performance issue with long scripts
+on Windows (Merlin Moncure)</para></listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The <function>length()</> function no longer counts trailing spaces in
-       <type>CHAR(n)</> values.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix missing updates of <filename>pg_group</> flat
+file</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits of the
-      integer, not the leftmost N bits as before.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding planning error for outer joins</para>
+<para>This bug sometimes caused a bogus error <quote>RIGHT JOIN is
+only supported with merge-joinable join conditions</>.</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Updating an element or slice of a NULL array value now produces
-      a nonnull array result, namely an array containing
-      just the assigned-to positions.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Postpone timezone initialization until after
+<filename>postmaster.pid</> is created</para>
+<para>This avoids confusing startup scripts that expect the pid file to appear
+quickly.</para></listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Syntax checking of array input values has been tightened up
-       considerably. Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with
-       odd results now causes an error. Empty-string element values
-       must now be written as <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing.
-       Also changed behavior with respect to whitespace surrounding
-       array elements: trailing whitespace is now ignored, for symmetry
-       with leading whitespace (which has always been ignored).
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent core dump in <application>pg_autovacuum</> when a
+table has been dropped</para></listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected and
-       reported as an error.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with whole-row references (<literal>foo.*</>)
+to subquery results</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
-       <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The <function>extract()</> function (also called
-       <function>date_part</>) now returns the proper year for BC dates.
-       It previously returned one less than the correct year. The
-       function now also returns the proper values for millennium and
-       century.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-4">
+  <title>Release 8.0.4</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <type>CIDR</> values now must have their nonmasked bits be zero.
-      For example, we no longer allow
-      <literal>204.248.199.1/31</literal> as a <type>CIDR</> value. Such
-      values should never have been accepted by
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and will now be rejected.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <command>EXECUTE</command> now returns a completion tag that
-       matches the executed statement.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.3.
+  </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <application>psql</>'s <command>\copy</> command now reads or
-       writes to the query's <literal>stdin/stdout</>, rather than
-       <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin/stdout</>. The previous
-       behavior can be accessed via new
-       <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> parameters.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.4</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-      The JDBC client interface has been removed from the core
-      distribution, and is now hosted at <ulink url=
-      "http://jdbc.postgresql.org"></ulink>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.0.3, see the release
+    notes for 8.0.3.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-      The Tcl client interface has also been removed. There are several
-      Tcl interfaces now hosted at <ulink url=
-      "http://gborg.postgresql.org"></ulink>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The server now uses its own time zone database, rather than the
-       one supplied by the operating system. This will provide consistent
-       behavior across all platforms.  In most cases, there should be
-       little noticeable difference in time zone behavior, except that
-       the time zone names used by <command>SET</>/<command>SHOW</>
-       <varname>TimeZone</> might be different from what your platform provides.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
+<literal>ctid</> chains too soon, and add more checking in code that follows
+<literal>ctid</> links</para>
+<para>This fixes a long-standing problem that could cause crashes in very rare
+circumstances.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <type>CHAR()</> to properly pad spaces to the specified
+length when using a multiple-byte character set (Yoshiyuki Asaba)</para>
+<para>In prior releases, the padding of <type>CHAR()</> was incorrect
+because it only padded to the specified number of bytes without
+considering how many characters were stored.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Force a checkpoint before committing <command>CREATE
+DATABASE</></para>
+<para>This should fix recent reports of <quote>index is not a btree</>
+failures when a crash occurs shortly after <command>CREATE
+DATABASE</>.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix the sense of the test for read-only transaction
+in <command>COPY</></para>
+<para>The code formerly prohibited <command>COPY TO</>, where it should
+prohibit <command>COPY FROM</>.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Handle consecutive embedded newlines in <command>COPY</>
+CSV-mode input</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>date_trunc(week)</> for dates near year
+end</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix planning problem with outer-join ON clauses that reference
+only the inner-side relation</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Further fixes for <literal>x FULL JOIN y ON true</> corner
+cases</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix overenthusiastic optimization of <literal>x IN (SELECT
+DISTINCT ...)</> and related cases</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix mis-planning of queries with small <literal>LIMIT</>
+values due to poorly thought out <quote>fuzzy</> cost
+comparison</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <function>array_in</> and <function>array_recv</> more
+paranoid about validating their OID parameter</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix missing rows in queries like <literal>UPDATE a=... WHERE
+a...</> with GiST index on column <literal>a</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve robustness of datetime parsing</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve checking for partially-written WAL
+pages</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve robustness of signal handling when SSL is
+enabled</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve MIPS and M68K spinlock code</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Don't try to open more than <literal>max_files_per_process</>
+files during postmaster startup</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various memory leakage fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various portability improvements</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Update timezone data files</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve handling of DLL load failures on Windows</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve random-number generation on Windows</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <literal>psql -f filename</> return a nonzero exit code
+when opening the file fails</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change <application>pg_dump</> to handle inherited check
+constraints more reliably</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix password prompting in <application>pg_restore</> on
+Windows</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix PL/PgSQL to handle <literal>var := var</> correctly when
+the variable is of pass-by-reference type</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix PL/Perl <literal>%_SHARED</> so it's actually
+shared</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</> to allow sleep
+intervals over 2000 sec</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Update <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to use current Snowball
+code</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <application>Configure</>'s threading option no longer requires
-       users to run tests or edit configuration files; threading options
-       are now detected automatically.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Now that tablespaces have been implemented,
-       <application>initlocation</> has been removed.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-3">
+  <title>Release 8.0.3</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The API for user-defined GiST indexes has been changed. The
-       Union and PickSplit methods are now passed a pointer to a
-       special <structname>GistEntryVector</structname> structure,
-       rather than a <type>bytea</type>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.2, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
   <sect2>
-   <title>Deprecated Features</title>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.3</title>
 
    <para>
-     Some aspects of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s behavior
-     have been determined to be suboptimal. For the sake of backward
-     compatibility these have not been removed in 8.0, but they are
-     considered deprecated and will be removed in the next major
-     release.
-     </para>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The 8.1 release will remove the <function>to_char()</> function
-       for intervals.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.X.  However,
+    it is one possible way of handling two significant security problems
+    that have been found in the initial contents of 8.0.X system
+    catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 8.0.3's initdb will
+    automatically correct these problems.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        The server now warns of empty strings passed to
-        <type>oid</type>/<type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> data
-        types, but continues to interpret them as zeroes as before.
-        In the next major release, empty strings will be considered
-        invalid input for these data types.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    The larger security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
+    conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
+    users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
+    secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
+    the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
+    be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
+    by the encoding conversion machinery.)
+   </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       By default, tables in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.0
-       and earlier are created with <type>OID</>s. In the next release,
-       this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the case: to create a table
-       that contains <type>OID</>s, the <option>WITH OIDS</> clause must
-       be specified or the <varname>default_with_oids</varname>
-       configuration parameter must be set. Users are encouraged to
-       explicitly specify <option>WITH OIDS</> if their tables
-       require OIDs for compatibility with future releases of
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <para>
+    The lesser problem is that the <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> module
+    creates several functions that are improperly declared to return
+    <type>internal</> when they do not accept <type>internal</> arguments.
+    This breaks type safety for all functions using <type>internal</>
+    arguments.
+   </para>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    It is strongly recommended that all installations repair these errors,
+    either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
+    below.  The errors at least allow unprivileged database users to crash
+    their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
+    privileges of a database superuser.
+   </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <para>
+    If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the same manual repair
+    procedures shown in the <link linkend="release-7-4-8">7.4.8 release
+    notes</link>.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
-     release 8.0 and the previous major release.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Performance Improvements</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
+misuse</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to avoid unsafe use of
+<type>INTERNAL</> function results</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Guard against incorrect second parameter to
+<function>record_out</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair ancient race condition that allowed a transaction to be
+seen as committed for some purposes (eg SELECT FOR UPDATE) slightly sooner
+than for other purposes</para>
+<para>This is an extremely serious bug since it could lead to apparent
+data inconsistencies being briefly visible to applications.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair race condition between relation extension and
+VACUUM</para>
+<para>This could theoretically have caused loss of a page's worth of
+freshly-inserted data, although the scenario seems of very low probability.
+There are no known cases of it having caused more than an Assert failure.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix comparisons of <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para>
+<para>
+The comparison code was wrong in the case where the
+<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
+NOTE: if you have an index on a <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> column,
+it will need to be <command>REINDEX</>ed after installing this update, because
+the fix corrects the sort order of column values.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH)</> for
+<type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix mis-display of negative fractional seconds in
+<type>INTERVAL</> values</para>
+<para>
+This error only occurred when the
+<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix pg_dump to dump trigger names containing <literal>%</>
+correctly (Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Still more 64-bit fixes for
+<filename>contrib/intagg</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent incorrect optimization of functions returning
+<type>RECORD</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent crash on <literal>COALESCE(NULL,NULL)</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix Borland makefile for libpq</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/btree_gist</> for <type>timetz</> type
+(Teodor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <command>pg_ctl</> check the PID found in
+<filename>postmaster.pid</> to see if it is still a live
+process</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>pg_dump</>/<command>pg_restore</> problems caused
+by addition of dump timestamps</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix interaction between materializing holdable cursors and
+firing deferred triggers during transaction commit</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix memory leak in SQL functions returning pass-by-reference
+data types</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support cross-data-type index usage (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Before this change, many queries would not use an index if the data
-        types did not match exactly. This improvement makes index usage more
-        intuitive and consistent.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New buffer replacement strategy that improves caching (Jan)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prior releases used a least-recently-used (LRU) cache to keep
-        recently referenced pages in memory. The LRU algorithm
-        did not consider the number of times a specific cache entry was
-        accessed, so large table scans could force out useful cache pages.
-        The new cache algorithm uses four separate lists to track most
-        recently used and most frequently used cache pages and dynamically
-        optimize their replacement based on the work load. This should
-        lead to much more efficient use of the shared buffer cache.
-        Administrators who have tested shared buffer sizes in the past
-        should retest with this new cache replacement policy.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-2">
+  <title>Release 8.0.2</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add subprocess to write dirty buffers periodically to reduce
-        checkpoint writes (Jan)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, the checkpoint process, which runs every few
-        minutes, would write all dirty buffers to the operating system's
-        buffer cache then flush all dirty operating system buffers to
-        disk. This resulted in a periodic spike in disk usage that often
-        hurt performance. The new code uses a background writer to trickle
-        disk writes at a steady pace so checkpoints have far fewer dirty
-        pages to write to disk. Also, the new code does not issue a global
-        <function>sync()</> call, but instead <function>fsync()</>s just
-        the files written since the last checkpoint. This should improve
-        performance and minimize degradation during checkpoints.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-04-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add ability to prolong vacuum to reduce performance impact (Jan)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        On busy systems, <command>VACUUM</command> performs many I/O
-        requests which can hurt performance for other users. This
-        release allows you to slow down <command>VACUUM</command> to
-        reduce its impact on other users, though this increases the
-        total duration of <command>VACUUM</command>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.1.
+  </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve B-tree index performance for duplicate keys (Dmitry Tkach, Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This improves the way indexes are scanned when many duplicate
-        values exist in the index.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.2</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use dynamically-generated table size estimates while planning (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Formerly the planner estimated table sizes using the values seen
-        by the last <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>,
-        both as to physical table size (number of pages) and number of rows.
-        Now, the current physical table size is obtained from the kernel,
-        and the number of rows is estimated by multiplying the table size
-        by the row density (rows per page) seen by the last
-        <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>.  This should
-        produce more reliable estimates in cases where the table size has
-        changed significantly since the last housekeeping command.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.*.
+    This release updates the major version number of the
+    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries, so it might be
+    necessary to re-link some user applications if they cannot
+    find the properly-numbered shared library.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improved index usage with <literal>OR</> clauses (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows the optimizer to use indexes in statements with many OR
-        clauses that would not have been indexed in the past.  It can also use
-        multi-column indexes where the first column is specified and the second
-        column is part of an <literal>OR</> clause.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve matching of partial index clauses (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The server is now smarter about using partial indexes in queries
-        involving complex <option>WHERE</> clauses.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Increment the major version number of all interface
+libraries (Bruce)</para>
+<para>
+This should have been done in 8.0.0.  It is required so 7.4.X versions
+of PostgreSQL client applications, like <application>psql</>,
+can be used on the same machine as 8.0.X applications.  This might require
+re-linking user applications that use these libraries.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Add Windows-only <varname>wal_sync_method</> setting of
+<option>fsync_writethrough</> (Magnus, Bruce)</para>
+<para>
+This setting causes <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to write through
+any disk-drive write cache when writing to WAL.
+This behavior was formerly called <option>fsync</>, but was
+renamed because it acts quite differently from <option>fsync</> on other
+platforms.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Enable the <varname>wal_sync_method</> setting of
+<option>open_datasync</> on Windows, and make it the default for that
+ platform (Magnus, Bruce)</para>
+<para>
+Because the default is no longer <option>fsync_writethrough</>,
+data loss is possible during a power failure if the disk drive has
+write caching enabled. To turn off the write cache on Windows,
+from the <application>Device Manager</>, choose the drive properties,
+then <literal>Policies</>.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>New cache management algorithm <acronym>2Q</> replaces
+<acronym>ARC</> (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+This was done to avoid a pending US patent on <acronym>ARC</>.  The
+<acronym>2Q</> code might be a few percentage points slower than
+<acronym>ARC</> for some work loads.  A better cache management algorithm
+will appear in 8.1.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Planner adjustments to improve behavior on freshly-created
+tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow plpgsql to assign to an element of an array that is
+initially <literal>NULL</> (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+Formerly the array would remain <literal>NULL</>, but now it becomes a
+single-element array.  The main SQL engine was changed to handle
+<command>UPDATE</> of a null array value this way in 8.0, but the similar
+case in plpgsql was overlooked.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Convert <literal>\r\n</> and <literal>\r</> to <literal>\n</>
+in plpython function bodies (Michael Fuhr)</para>
+<para>
+ This prevents syntax errors when plpython code is written on a Windows or
+ Mac client.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow SPI cursors to handle utility commands that return rows,
+such as <command>EXPLAIN</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>CLUSTER</> failure after <command>ALTER TABLE
+SET WITHOUT OIDS</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Reduce memory usage of <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</>
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Document the Windows-only <literal>register</> and
+<literal>unregister</> options of <application>pg_ctl</> (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Ensure operations done during backend shutdown are counted by
+statistics collector</para>
+<para>
+This is expected to resolve reports of <application>pg_autovacuum</>
+not vacuuming the system catalogs often enough &mdash; it was not being
+told about catalog deletions caused by temporary table removal during
+backend exit.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change the Windows default for configuration parameter
+<varname>log_destination</> to <option>eventlog</> (Magnus)</para>
+<para>
+By default, a server running on Windows will now send log output to the
+Windows event logger rather than standard error.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make Kerberos authentication work on Windows (Magnus)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow <command>ALTER DATABASE RENAME</> by superusers
+who aren't flagged as having CREATEDB privilege (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Modify WAL log entries for <command>CREATE</> and
+<command>DROP DATABASE</> to not specify absolute paths (Tom)</para>
+<para>This allows point-in-time recovery on a different machine with possibly
+different database location.  Note that <command>CREATE TABLESPACE</> still
+poses a hazard in such situations.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix crash from a backend exiting with an open transaction
+that created a table and opened a cursor on it (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>array_map()</> so it can call PL functions
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> and
+<filename>contrib/btree_gist</> fixes (Teodor)
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix crash of some <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</>
+functions on some platforms (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/intagg</> for 64-bit platforms
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix ecpg bugs in parsing of <command>CREATE</> statement
+(Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Work around gcc bug on powerpc and amd64 causing problems in
+ecpg (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Do not use locale-aware versions of <function>upper()</>,
+<function>lower()</>, and <function>initcap()</> when the locale is
+<literal>C</> (Bruce)</para>
+<para>
+ This allows these functions to work on platforms that generate errors
+ for non-7-bit data when the locale is <literal>C</>.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>quote_ident()</> to quote names that match keywords (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>to_date()</> to behave reasonably when
+<literal>CC</> and <literal>YY</> fields are both used (Karel)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <function>to_char(interval)</> from failing
+when given a zero-month interval (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix wrong week returned by <function>date_trunc('week')</>
+(Bruce)</para>
+<para>
+<function>date_trunc('week')</>
+returned the wrong year for the first few days of January in some years.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Use the correct default mask length for class <literal>D</>
+addresses in <type>INET</> data types (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve performance of the GEQO optimizer (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The GEQO optimizer is used to plan queries involving many tables (by
-        default, twelve or more). This release speeds up the way queries are
-        analyzed to decrease time spent in optimization.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Miscellaneous optimizer improvements
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        There is not room here to list all the minor improvements made, but
-        numerous special cases work better than in prior releases.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0-1">
+  <title>Release 8.0.1</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve lookup speed for C functions (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This release uses a hash table to lookup information for dynamically
-        loaded C functions. This improves their speed so they perform nearly as
-        quickly as functions that are built into the server executable.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add type-specific <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics
-        capability (Mark Cave-Ayland)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This feature allows more flexibility in generating statistics
-        for nonstandard data types.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.0.0, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>ANALYZE</command> now collects statistics for
-        expression indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Expression indexes (also called functional indexes) allow users to
-        index not just columns but the results of expressions and function
-        calls. With this release, the optimizer can gather and use statistics
-        about the contents of expression indexes.  This will greatly improve
-        the quality of planning for queries in which an expression index is
-        relevant.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0.1</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New two-stage sampling method for <command>ANALYZE</command>
-        (Manfred Koizar)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This gives better statistics when the density of valid rows is very
-        different in different regions of a table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.0.0.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Speed up <command>TRUNCATE</command> (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This buys back some of the performance loss observed in 7.4, while still
-        keeping <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
+<para>
+On platforms that will automatically execute initialization functions of a
+shared library (this includes at least Windows and ELF-based Unixen),
+<command>LOAD</> can be used to make the server execute arbitrary code.
+Thanks to NGS Software for reporting this.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Check that creator of an aggregate function has the right to
+execute the specified transition functions</para>
+<para>
+This oversight made it possible to bypass denial of EXECUTE
+permission on a function.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix security and 64-bit issues in
+contrib/intagg</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Add needed STRICT marking to some contrib functions (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid buffer overrun when plpgsql cursor declaration has too
+many parameters (Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</> enforce domain
+constraints in all cases</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix planning error for FULL and RIGHT outer joins</para>
+<para>
+The result of the join was mistakenly supposed to be sorted the same as the
+left input.  This could not only deliver mis-sorted output to the user, but
+in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve planning of grouped aggregate queries</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><command>ROLLBACK TO <replaceable>savepoint</></command>
+closes cursors created since the savepoint</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix inadequate backend stack size on Windows</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid SHGetSpecialFolderPath() on Windows
+(Magnus)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix some problems in running pg_autovacuum as a Windows
+service (Dave Page)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Multiple minor bug fixes in
+pg_dump/pg_restore</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix ecpg segfault with named structs used in
+typedefs (Michael)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Server Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-8-0">
+  <title>Release 8.0</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add WAL file archiving and point-in-time recovery (Simon Riggs)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <note>
+   <title>Release date</title>
+   <simpara>2005-01-19</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add tablespaces so admins can control disk layout (Gavin)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Overview</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add a built-in log rotation program (Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        It is now possible to log server messages conveniently without
-        relying on either <application>syslog</> or an external log
-        rotation program.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Major changes in this release:
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new read-only server configuration parameters to show server
-        compile-time settings: <varname>block_size</>,
-        <varname>integer_datetimes</>, <varname>max_function_args</>,
-        <varname>max_identifier_length</>, <varname>max_index_keys</>  (Joe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Microsoft Windows Native Server
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make quoting of <literal>sameuser</>, <literal>samegroup</>, and
-        <literal>all</> remove special meaning of these terms in
-        <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This is the first <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> release
+       to run natively on <trademark class="registered">Microsoft Windows</> as
+       a server. It can run as a <productname>Windows</> service. This
+       release supports NT-based Windows releases like
+       <productname>Windows 2000 SP4</>, <productname>Windows XP</>, and
+       <productname>Windows 2003</>. Older releases like
+       <productname>Windows 95</>, <productname>Windows 98</>, and
+       <productname>Windows ME</> are not supported because these operating
+       systems do not have the infrastructure to support
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. A separate installer
+       project has been created to ease installation on
+       <productname>Windows</> &mdash; see <ulink
+       url="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/win32/"></ulink>.
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use clearer IPv6 name <literal>::1/128</> for
-        <literal>localhost</> in default <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Although tested throughout our release cycle, the Windows port
+       does not have the benefit of years of use in production
+       environments that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has on
+       Unix platforms.  Therefore it should be treated with the same
+       level of caution as you would a new product.
+      </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use CIDR format in <filename>pg_hba.conf</> examples (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+       Previous releases required the Unix emulation toolkit
+       <productname>Cygwin</> in order to run the server on Windows
+       operating systems.  <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has
+       supported native clients on Windows for many years.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Rename server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
-        <varname>VacuumMem</> to <varname>work_mem</> and
-        <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> (Old names still supported) (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This change was made to clarify that bulk operations such as index and
-        foreign key creation use <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>, while
-        <varname>work_mem</> is for workspaces used during query execution.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Savepoints
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow logging of session disconnections using server configuration
-        <varname>log_disconnections</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Savepoints allow specific parts of a transaction to be aborted
+       without affecting the remainder of the transaction. Prior
+       releases had no such capability; there was no way to recover
+       from a statement failure within a transaction except by
+       aborting the whole transaction. This feature is valuable for
+       application writers who require error recovery within a
+       complex transaction.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new server configuration parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</> to
-        allow control of information emitted in each log line (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Available information includes user name, database name, remote IP
-        address, and session start time.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Point-In-Time Recovery
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
-        <varname>log_timestamp</>, <varname>log_source_port</>; functionality
-        superseded by <varname>log_line_prefix</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases there was no way to recover from disk
+       drive failure except to restore from a previous backup or use
+       a standby replication server.  Point-in-time recovery allows
+       continuous backup of the server.  You can recover either to
+       the point of failure or to some transaction in the past.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Replace the <varname>virtual_host</> and <varname>tcpip_socket</>
-        parameters with a unified <varname>listen_addresses</> parameter
-        (Andrew, Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <varname>virtual_host</> could only specify a single IP address to
-        listen on.  <varname>listen_addresses</> allows multiple addresses
-        to be specified.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Tablespaces
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Listen on localhost by default, which eliminates the need for the
-        <option>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Listening on localhost (<literal>127.0.0.1</>) opens no new
-        security holes but allows configurations like Windows and JDBC,
-        which do not support local sockets, to work without special
-        adjustments.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Tablespaces allow administrators to select different file systems
+       for storage of individual tables, indexes, and databases.
+       This improves performance and control over disk space
+       usage. Prior releases used <application>initlocation</> and
+       manual symlink management for such tasks.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <varname>syslog</> server configuration parameter, and add more
-        logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to control log output
-        location (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Improved Buffer Management, <command>CHECKPOINT</command>,
+      <command>VACUUM</command>
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> to take
-        values <varname>all</>, <varname>mod</>, <varname>ddl</>, or
-        <varname>none</> to select which queries are logged (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows administrators to log only data definition changes or
-        only data modification statements.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This release has a more intelligent buffer replacement strategy,
+       which will make better use of available shared buffers and
+       improve performance. The performance impact of vacuum and
+       checkpoints is also lessened.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Some logging-related configuration parameters could formerly be adjusted
-        by ordinary users, but only in the <quote>more verbose</> direction.
-        They are now treated more strictly: only superusers can set them.
-        However, a superuser can use <command>ALTER USER</> to provide per-user
-        settings of these values for non-superusers.  Also, it is now possible
-        for superusers to set values of superuser-only configuration parameters
-        via <literal>PGOPTIONS</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Change Column Types
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow configuration files to be placed outside the data directory (mlw)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        By default, configuration files are kept in the cluster's top directory.
-        With this addition, configuration files can be placed outside the
-        data directory, easing administration.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       A column's data type can now be changed with <command>ALTER
+       TABLE</command>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Plan prepared queries only when first executed so constants can be
-        used for statistics (Oliver Jowett)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prepared statements plan queries once and execute them many
-        times. While prepared queries avoid the overhead of re-planning
-        on each use, the quality of the plan suffers from not knowing the exact
-        parameters to be used in the query.  In this release, planning of
-        unnamed prepared statements is delayed until the first execution,
-        and the actual parameter values of that execution are used as
-        optimization hints.  This allows use of out-of-line parameter passing
-        without incurring a performance penalty.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      New Perl Server-Side Language
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> to take parameters
-        (Oliver Jowett)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        It is now useful to issue <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> in a
-        <function>Parse</> message with parameters. The parameter values
-        sent at <function>Bind</> time will be substituted into the
-        execution of the cursor's query.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       A new version of the <application>plperl</> server-side language now
+       supports a persistent shared storage area, triggers, returning records
+       and arrays of records, and SPI calls to access the database.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix hash joins and aggregates of <type>inet</type> and
-        <type>cidr</type> data types (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Release 7.4 handled hashing of mixed <type>inet</type> and
-        <type>cidr</type> values incorrectly.  (This bug did not exist
-        in prior releases because they wouldn't try to hash either
-        data type.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+       Comma-separated-value (CSV) support in <command>COPY</command>
+     </term>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <varname>log_duration</> print only when <varname>log_statement</>
-        prints the query (Ed L.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>COPY</command> can now read and write
+       comma-separated-value files. It has the flexibility to
+       interpret nonstandard quoting and separation characters too.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+   </variablelist>
+  </sect2>
 
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 8.0</title>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Query Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
+    required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
+    release.
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add savepoints (nested transactions) (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <para>
+    Observe the following incompatibilities:
+   </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Unsupported isolation levels are now accepted and promoted to the
-        nearest supported level (Peter)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The SQL specification states that if a database doesn't support a
-        specific isolation level, it should use the next more restrictive level.
-        This change complies with that recommendation.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>BEGIN WORK</command> to specify transaction
-        isolation levels like <command>START TRANSACTION</command> does
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      In <option>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
+      now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
+      beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
+      beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix table permission checking for cases in which rules generate
-        a query type different from the originally submitted query (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Functions declared <option>STABLE</> or <option>IMMUTABLE</> always
+      use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
+      effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
+      their own transaction or other transactions.  Such a function must be
+      read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
+      <command>SELECT</>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Implement dollar quoting to simplify single-quote usage (Andrew, Tom,
-        David Fetter)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In previous releases, because single quotes had to be used to
-        quote a function's body, the use of single quotes inside the
-        function text required use of two single quotes or other error-prone
-        notations. With this release we add the ability to use "dollar
-        quoting" to quote a block of text.  The ability to use different
-        quoting delimiters at different nesting levels greatly simplifies
-        the task of quoting correctly, especially in complex functions.
-        Dollar quoting can be used anywhere quoted text is needed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Nondeferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
+      after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
+      finishing the current interactive command. This makes a
+      difference when the triggering query occurred within a function:
+      the trigger is invoked before the function proceeds to its next
+      operation.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <literal>CASE val WHEN compval1 THEN ...</> evaluate <literal>val</> only once (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <option>CASE</> no longer evaluates the tested expression multiple
-        times. This has benefits when the expression is complex or is
-        volatile.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameters <varname>virtual_host</> and
+      <varname>tcpip_socket</> have been replaced with a more general
+      parameter <varname>listen_addresses</>. Also, the server now listens on
+      <literal>localhost</> by default, which eliminates the need for the
+      <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Test <option>HAVING</> before computing target list of an
-        aggregate query (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Fixes improper failure of cases such as <literal>SELECT SUM(win)/SUM(lose)
-        ... GROUP BY ... HAVING SUM(lose) &gt; 0</>.  This should work but formerly
-        could fail with divide-by-zero.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
+      <varname>VacuumMem</> have been renamed to <varname>work_mem</>
+      and <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> to better reflect their
+      use. The original names are still supported in
+      <command>SET</command> and <command>SHOW</command>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Replace <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter with
-        <varname>max_stack_depth</> parameter, measured in kilobytes of stack
-        size (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-       This gives us a fairly bulletproof defense against crashing due to
-       runaway recursive functions. Instead of measuring the depth of expression
-       nesting, we now directly measure the size of the execution stack.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
+      <varname>log_timestamp</>, and <varname>log_source_port</> have been
+      replaced with a more general parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow arbitrary row expressions (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This release allows SQL expressions to contain arbitrary composite
-        types, that is, row values. It also allows functions to more easily
-        take rows as arguments and return row values.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameter <varname>syslog</> has been
+      replaced with a more logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to
+      control the log output destination.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <option>LIKE</>/<option>ILIKE</> to be used as the operator
-        in row and subselect comparisons (Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> has been
+      changed so it can selectively log just database modification or
+      data definition statements.  Server configuration parameter
+      <varname>log_duration</> now prints only when <varname>log_statement</>
+      prints the query.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Avoid locale-specific case conversion of basic ASCII letters in
-        identifiers and keywords (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This solves the <quote>Turkish problem</> with mangling of words
-        containing <literal>I</> and  <literal>i</>.  Folding of characters
-        outside the 7-bit-ASCII set is still locale-aware.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Server configuration parameter <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter has
+      been replaced with <varname>max_stack_depth</> which measures the
+      physical stack size rather than the expression nesting depth. This
+      helps prevent session termination due to stack overflow caused by
+      recursive functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve syntax error reporting (Fabien, Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Syntax error reports are more useful than before.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <function>length()</> function no longer counts trailing spaces in
+      <type>CHAR(n)</> values.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <command>EXECUTE</command> to return a completion tag
-        matching the executed statement (Kris Jurka)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previous releases return an <command>EXECUTE</command> tag for
-        any <command>EXECUTE</command> call. In this release, the tag
-        returned will reflect the command executed.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits of the
+     integer, not the leftmost N bits as before.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Avoid emitting <option>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> in rule listings (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Such a clause makes no logical sense, but in some cases the rule
-        decompiler formerly produced this syntax.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Updating an element or slice of a NULL array value now produces
+     a nonnull array result, namely an array containing
+     just the assigned-to positions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Syntax checking of array input values has been tightened up
+      considerably. Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with
+      odd results now causes an error. Empty-string element values
+      must now be written as <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing.
+      Also changed behavior with respect to whitespace surrounding
+      array elements: trailing whitespace is now ignored, for symmetry
+      with leading whitespace (which has always been ignored).
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected and
+      reported as an error.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
+      <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>COMMENT ON</> for casts, conversions, languages,
-        operator classes, and large objects (Christopher)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <function>extract()</> function (also called
+      <function>date_part</>) now returns the proper year for BC dates.
+      It previously returned one less than the correct year. The
+      function now also returns the proper values for millennium and
+      century.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add new server configuration parameter <varname>default_with_oids</> to
-        control whether tables are created with <type>OID</>s by default (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows administrators to control whether <command>CREATE
-        TABLE</command> commands create tables with or without <type>OID</>
-        columns by default.  (Note: the current factory default setting for
-        <varname>default_with_oids</> is <literal>TRUE</>, but the default
-        will become <literal>FALSE</> in future releases.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <type>CIDR</> values now must have their nonmasked bits be zero.
+     For example, we no longer allow
+     <literal>204.248.199.1/31</literal> as a <type>CIDR</> value. Such
+     values should never have been accepted by
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and will now be rejected.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>WITH</> / <option>WITHOUT OIDS</> clause to
-        <command>CREATE TABLE AS</command> (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <command>EXECUTE</command> now returns a completion tag that
+      matches the executed statement.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN</> to drop an <type>OID</>
-        column (<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</> still works)
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>psql</>'s <command>\copy</> command now reads or
+      writes to the query's <literal>stdin/stdout</>, rather than
+      <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin/stdout</>. The previous
+      behavior can be accessed via new
+      <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> parameters.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow composite types as table columns (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+     The JDBC client interface has been removed from the core
+     distribution, and is now hosted at <ulink url=
+     "http://jdbc.postgresql.org"></ulink>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>ALTER ... ADD COLUMN</> with defaults and
-        <option>NOT NULL</> constraints; works per SQL spec (Rod)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        It is now possible for <option>ADD COLUMN</> to create a column
-        that is not initially filled with NULLs, but with a specified
-        default value.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+     The Tcl client interface has also been removed. There are several
+     Tcl interfaces now hosted at <ulink url=
+     "http://gborg.postgresql.org"></ulink>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> to change column's type (Rod)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        It is now possible to alter a column's data type without dropping
-        and re-adding the column.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The server now uses its own time zone database, rather than the
+      one supplied by the operating system. This will provide consistent
+      behavior across all platforms.  In most cases, there should be
+      little noticeable difference in time zone behavior, except that
+      the time zone names used by <command>SET</>/<command>SHOW</>
+      <varname>TimeZone</> might be different from what your platform provides.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow multiple <command>ALTER</> actions in a single <command>ALTER
-        TABLE</command> command (Rod)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This is particularly useful for <command>ALTER</> commands that
-        rewrite the table (which include <option>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> and
-        <option>ADD COLUMN</> with a default). By grouping
-        <command>ALTER</> commands together, the table need be rewritten
-        only once.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>Configure</>'s threading option no longer requires
+      users to run tests or edit configuration files; threading options
+      are now detected automatically.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add <type>SERIAL</type>
-        columns (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This falls out from the new capability of specifying defaults for new
-        columns.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Now that tablespaces have been implemented,
+      <application>initlocation</> has been removed.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow changing the owners of aggregates, conversions, databases,
-        functions, operators, operator classes, schemas, types, and tablespaces
-        (Christopher, Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously this required modifying the system tables directly.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The API for user-defined GiST indexes has been changed. The
+      Union and PickSplit methods are now passed a pointer to a
+      special <structname>GistEntryVector</structname> structure,
+      rather than a <type>bytea</type>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow temporary object creation to be limited to <option>SECURITY
-        DEFINER</> functions (Sean Chittenden)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>ALTER TABLE ... SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</> (Christopher)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Prior to this release, there was no way to clear an auto-cluster
-        specification except to modify the system tables.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Deprecated Features</title>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Constraint/Index/<type>SERIAL</> names are now
-        <replaceable>table_column_type</>
-        with numbers appended to guarantee uniqueness within the schema
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The SQL specification states that such names should be unique
-        within a schema.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+  <para>
+    Some aspects of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s behavior
+    have been determined to be suboptimal. For the sake of backward
+    compatibility these have not been removed in 8.0, but they are
+    considered deprecated and will be removed in the next major
+    release.
+    </para>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>pg_get_serial_sequence()</> to return a
-        <type>SERIAL</> column's sequence name (Christopher)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows automated scripts to reliably find the <type>SERIAL</>
-        sequence name.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The 8.1 release will remove the <function>to_char()</> function
+      for intervals.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Warn when primary/foreign key data type mismatch requires costly lookup
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The server now warns of empty strings passed to
+       <type>oid</type>/<type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> data
+       types, but continues to interpret them as zeroes as before.
+       In the next major release, empty strings will be considered
+       invalid input for these data types.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <command>ALTER INDEX</> command to allow moving of indexes
-        between tablespaces (Gavin)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      By default, tables in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.0
+      and earlier are created with <type>OID</>s. In the next release,
+      this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the case: to create a table
+      that contains <type>OID</>s, the <option>WITH OIDS</> clause must
+      be specified or the <varname>default_with_oids</varname>
+      configuration parameter must be set. Users are encouraged to
+      explicitly specify <option>WITH OIDS</> if their tables
+      require OIDs for compatibility with future releases of
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <command>ALTER TABLE OWNER</> change dependent sequence
-        ownership too (Alvaro)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+   <para>
+    Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
+    release 8.0 and the previous major release.
+   </para>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Performance Improvements</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Support cross-data-type index usage (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Before this change, many queries would not use an index if the data
+       types did not match exactly. This improvement makes index usage more
+       intuitive and consistent.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> to create triggers,
-        indexes, and sequences (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New buffer replacement strategy that improves caching (Jan)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prior releases used a least-recently-used (LRU) cache to keep
+       recently referenced pages in memory. The LRU algorithm
+       did not consider the number of times a specific cache entry was
+       accessed, so large table scans could force out useful cache pages.
+       The new cache algorithm uses four separate lists to track most
+       recently used and most frequently used cache pages and dynamically
+       optimize their replacement based on the work load. This should
+       lead to much more efficient use of the shared buffer cache.
+       Administrators who have tested shared buffer sizes in the past
+       should retest with this new cache replacement policy.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>ALSO</> keyword to <command>CREATE RULE</command> (Fabien
-        Coelho)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows <option>ALSO</> to be added to rule creation to contrast it with
-        <option>INSTEAD</> rules.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add subprocess to write dirty buffers periodically to reduce
+       checkpoint writes (Jan)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, the checkpoint process, which runs every few
+       minutes, would write all dirty buffers to the operating system's
+       buffer cache then flush all dirty operating system buffers to
+       disk. This resulted in a periodic spike in disk usage that often
+       hurt performance. The new code uses a background writer to trickle
+       disk writes at a steady pace so checkpoints have far fewer dirty
+       pages to write to disk. Also, the new code does not issue a global
+       <function>sync()</> call, but instead <function>fsync()</>s just
+       the files written since the last checkpoint. This should improve
+       performance and minimize degradation during checkpoints.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>NOWAIT</> option to <command>LOCK</command> (Tatsuo)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows the <command>LOCK</command> command to fail if it
-        would have to wait for the requested lock.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add ability to prolong vacuum to reduce performance impact (Jan)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       On busy systems, <command>VACUUM</command> performs many I/O
+       requests which can hurt performance for other users. This
+       release allows you to slow down <command>VACUUM</command> to
+       reduce its impact on other users, though this increases the
+       total duration of <command>VACUUM</command>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <command>COPY</command> to read and write
-        comma-separated-value (CSV) files (Andrew, Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve B-tree index performance for duplicate keys (Dmitry Tkach, Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This improves the way indexes are scanned when many duplicate
+       values exist in the index.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Generate error if the <command>COPY</command> delimiter and NULL
-        string conflict (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use dynamically-generated table size estimates while planning (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Formerly the planner estimated table sizes using the values seen
+       by the last <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>,
+       both as to physical table size (number of pages) and number of rows.
+       Now, the current physical table size is obtained from the kernel,
+       and the number of rows is estimated by multiplying the table size
+       by the row density (rows per page) seen by the last
+       <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>.  This should
+       produce more reliable estimates in cases where the table size has
+       changed significantly since the last housekeeping command.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> behavior
-        follows the SQL spec more closely
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improved index usage with <literal>OR</> clauses (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows the optimizer to use indexes in statements with many OR
+       clauses that would not have been indexed in the past.  It can also use
+       multi-column indexes where the first column is specified and the second
+       column is part of an <literal>OR</> clause.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Avoid locking conflict between <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
-        and <command>CHECKPOINT</command> (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In 7.3 and 7.4, a long-running B-tree index build could block concurrent
-        <command>CHECKPOINT</>s from completing, thereby causing WAL bloat because the
-        WAL log could not be recycled.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve matching of partial index clauses (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The server is now smarter about using partial indexes in queries
+       involving complex <option>WHERE</> clauses.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command> does not hold locks
-        across tables (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This reduces the potential for deadlocks against other backends
-        that want exclusive locks on tables.  To get the benefit of this
-        change, do not execute database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command>
-        inside a transaction block (<command>BEGIN</command> block); it
-        must be able to commit and start a new transaction for each
-        table.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve performance of the GEQO optimizer (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The GEQO optimizer is used to plan queries involving many tables (by
+       default, twelve or more). This release speeds up the way queries are
+       analyzed to decrease time spent in optimization.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <command>REINDEX</command> does not exclusively lock the index's
-        parent table anymore
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The index itself is still exclusively locked, but readers of the
-        table can continue if they are not using the particular index
-        being rebuilt.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Miscellaneous optimizer improvements
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       There is not room here to list all the minor improvements made, but
+       numerous special cases work better than in prior releases.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Erase MD5 user passwords when a user is renamed (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses the user name as salt
-        when encrypting passwords via MD5. When a user's name is changed,
-        the salt will no longer match the stored MD5 password, so the
-        stored password becomes useless.  In this release a notice is
-        generated and the password is cleared.  A new password must then
-        be assigned if the user is to be able to log in with a password.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve lookup speed for C functions (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This release uses a hash table to lookup information for dynamically
+       loaded C functions. This improves their speed so they perform nearly as
+       quickly as functions that are built into the server executable.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <application>pg_ctl</> <option>kill</> option for Windows (Andrew)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Windows does not have a <literal>kill</> command to send signals to
-        backends so this capability was added to <application>pg_ctl</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add type-specific <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics
+       capability (Mark Cave-Ayland)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This feature allows more flexibility in generating statistics
+       for nonstandard data types.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Information schema improvements
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>ANALYZE</command> now collects statistics for
+       expression indexes (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Expression indexes (also called functional indexes) allow users to
+       index not just columns but the results of expressions and function
+       calls. With this release, the optimizer can gather and use statistics
+       about the contents of expression indexes.  This will greatly improve
+       the quality of planning for queries in which an expression index is
+       relevant.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>--pwfile</> option to
-        <application>initdb</application> so the initial password can be
-        set by GUI tools (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New two-stage sampling method for <command>ANALYZE</command>
+       (Manfred Koizar)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This gives better statistics when the density of valid rows is very
+       different in different regions of a table.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Detect locale/encoding mismatch in
-        <application>initdb</application> (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Speed up <command>TRUNCATE</command> (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This buys back some of the performance loss observed in 7.4, while still
+       keeping <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>register</> command to <application>pg_ctl</> to
-        register Windows operating system service (Dave Page)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Server Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add WAL file archiving and point-in-time recovery (Simon Riggs)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More complete support for composite types (row types)  (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Composite values can be used in many places where only scalar values
-        worked before.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add tablespaces so admins can control disk layout (Gavin)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Reject nonrectangular array values as erroneous (Joe)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Formerly, <function>array_in</> would silently build a
-        surprising result.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add a built-in log rotation program (Andreas Pflug)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is now possible to log server messages conveniently without
+       relying on either <application>syslog</> or an external log
+       rotation program.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <listitem>
-        <para>
-         Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected (Tom)
-        </para>
-       </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new read-only server configuration parameters to show server
+       compile-time settings: <varname>block_size</>,
+       <varname>integer_datetimes</>, <varname>max_function_args</>,
+       <varname>max_identifier_length</>, <varname>max_index_keys</>  (Joe)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-       <listitem>
-        <para>
-         The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
-         <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
-        </para>
-        <para>
-         Formerly, the parser would select these operators in many situations
-         where an <quote>unable to select an operator</> error would be more
-         appropriate, such as <literal>null * null</>.  If you actually want
-         to do arithmetic on a <type>"char"</> column, you can cast it to
-         integer explicitly.
-        </para>
-       </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make quoting of <literal>sameuser</>, <literal>samegroup</>, and
+       <literal>all</> remove special meaning of these terms in
+       <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-        <para>
-         Syntax checking of array input values considerably tightened up (Joe)
-        </para>
-       <para>
-         Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with odd results
-         now causes an <literal>ERROR</>, for example, non-whitespace
-         after the closing right brace.
-        </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use clearer IPv6 name <literal>::1/128</> for
+       <literal>localhost</> in default <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-        <para>
-         Empty-string array element values must now be written as
-         <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing (Joe)
-        </para>
-       <para>
-         Formerly, both ways of writing an empty-string element value were
-         allowed, but now a quoted empty string is required.  The case where
-         nothing at all appears will probably be considered to be a NULL
-         element value in some future release.
-        </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use CIDR format in <filename>pg_hba.conf</> examples (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-        <para>
-         Array element trailing whitespace is now ignored (Joe)
-        </para>
-       <para>
-         Formerly leading whitespace was ignored, but trailing whitespace
-         between an element value and the delimiter or right brace was
-         significant.  Now trailing whitespace is also ignored.
-        </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Rename server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
+       <varname>VacuumMem</> to <varname>work_mem</> and
+       <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> (Old names still supported) (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This change was made to clarify that bulk operations such as index and
+       foreign key creation use <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>, while
+       <varname>work_mem</> is for workspaces used during query execution.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Emit array values with explicit array bounds when lower bound is not one
-        (Joe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow logging of session disconnections using server configuration
+       <varname>log_disconnections</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Accept <literal>YYYY-monthname-DD</> as a date string (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new server configuration parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</> to
+       allow control of information emitted in each log line (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Available information includes user name, database name, remote IP
+       address, and session start time.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <function>netmask</> and <function>hostmask</> functions
-        return maximum-length mask length (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
+       <varname>log_timestamp</>, <varname>log_source_port</>; functionality
+       superseded by <varname>log_line_prefix</> (Andrew)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change factorial function to return <type>numeric</type> (Gavin)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Returning <type>numeric</type> allows the factorial function to
-        work for a wider range of input values.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Replace the <varname>virtual_host</> and <varname>tcpip_socket</>
+       parameters with a unified <varname>listen_addresses</> parameter
+       (Andrew, Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <varname>virtual_host</> could only specify a single IP address to
+       listen on.  <varname>listen_addresses</> allows multiple addresses
+       to be specified.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <function>to_char</>/<function>to_date()</> date conversion
-        improvements (Kurt Roeckx, Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Listen on localhost by default, which eliminates the need for the
+       <option>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Listening on localhost (<literal>127.0.0.1</>) opens no new
+       security holes but allows configurations like Windows and JDBC,
+       which do not support local sockets, to work without special
+       adjustments.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <function>length()</> disregard trailing spaces in
-        <type>CHAR(n)</> (Gavin)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This change was made to improve consistency: trailing spaces are
-        semantically insignificant in <type>CHAR(n)</> data, so they
-        should not be counted by <function>length()</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <varname>syslog</> server configuration parameter, and add more
+       logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to control log output
+       location (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Warn about empty string being passed to
-        <type>OID</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</> data types (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        8.1 will throw an error instead.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> to take
+       values <varname>all</>, <varname>mod</>, <varname>ddl</>, or
+       <varname>none</> to select which queries are logged (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows administrators to log only data definition changes or
+       only data modification statements.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow leading or trailing whitespace in
-        <type>int2</>/<type>int4</>/<type>int8</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</>
-        input routines
-        (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Some logging-related configuration parameters could formerly be adjusted
+       by ordinary users, but only in the <quote>more verbose</> direction.
+       They are now treated more strictly: only superusers can set them.
+       However, a superuser can use <command>ALTER USER</> to provide per-user
+       settings of these values for non-superusers.  Also, it is now possible
+       for superusers to set values of superuser-only configuration parameters
+       via <literal>PGOPTIONS</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Better support for IEEE <literal>Infinity</> and <literal>NaN</>
-        values in <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        These should now work on all platforms that support IEEE-compliant
-        floating point arithmetic.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow configuration files to be placed outside the data directory (mlw)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       By default, configuration files are kept in the cluster's top directory.
+       With this addition, configuration files can be placed outside the
+       data directory, easing administration.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>week</> option to <function>date_trunc()</> (Robert Creager)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Plan prepared queries only when first executed so constants can be
+       used for statistics (Oliver Jowett)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prepared statements plan queries once and execute them many
+       times. While prepared queries avoid the overhead of re-planning
+       on each use, the quality of the plan suffers from not knowing the exact
+       parameters to be used in the query.  In this release, planning of
+       unnamed prepared statements is delayed until the first execution,
+       and the actual parameter values of that execution are used as
+       optimization hints.  This allows use of out-of-line parameter passing
+       without incurring a performance penalty.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>to_char</function> for <literal>1 BC</>
-        (previously it returned <literal>1 AD</>) (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> to take parameters
+       (Oliver Jowett)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is now useful to issue <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> in a
+       <function>Parse</> message with parameters. The parameter values
+       sent at <function>Bind</> time will be substituted into the
+       execution of the cursor's query.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>date_part(year)</> for BC dates (previously it
-        returned one less than the correct year) (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix hash joins and aggregates of <type>inet</type> and
+       <type>cidr</type> data types (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Release 7.4 handled hashing of mixed <type>inet</type> and
+       <type>cidr</type> values incorrectly.  (This bug did not exist
+       in prior releases because they wouldn't try to hash either
+       data type.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>date_part()</> to return the proper millennium and
-        century (Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In previous versions, the century and millennium results had a wrong
-        number and started in the wrong year, as compared to standard
-        reckoning of such things.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <varname>log_duration</> print only when <varname>log_statement</>
+       prints the query (Ed L.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>ceiling()</> as an alias for <function>ceil()</>,
-        and <function>power()</> as an alias for <function>pow()</> for
-        standards compliance (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <function>ln()</>, <function>log()</>,
-        <function>power()</>, and <function>sqrt()</> to emit the correct
-        <literal>SQLSTATE</> error codes for certain error conditions, as
-        specified by SQL:2003 (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>width_bucket()</> function as defined by SQL:2003 (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Query Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>generate_series()</> functions to simplify working
-        with numeric sets (Joe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add savepoints (nested transactions) (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <function>upper/lower/initcap()</> functions to work with
-        multibyte encodings (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Unsupported isolation levels are now accepted and promoted to the
+       nearest supported level (Peter)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The SQL specification states that if a database doesn't support a
+       specific isolation level, it should use the next more restrictive level.
+       This change complies with that recommendation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add boolean and bitwise integer <option>AND</>/<option>OR</>
-        aggregates (Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>BEGIN WORK</command> to specify transaction
+       isolation levels like <command>START TRANSACTION</command> does
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New session information functions to return network addresses for client
-        and server (Sean Chittenden)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix table permission checking for cases in which rules generate
+       a query type different from the originally submitted query (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add function to determine the area of a closed path (Sean Chittenden)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Implement dollar quoting to simplify single-quote usage (Andrew, Tom,
+       David Fetter)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous releases, because single quotes had to be used to
+       quote a function's body, the use of single quotes inside the
+       function text required use of two single quotes or other error-prone
+       notations. With this release we add the ability to use "dollar
+       quoting" to quote a block of text.  The ability to use different
+       quoting delimiters at different nesting levels greatly simplifies
+       the task of quoting correctly, especially in complex functions.
+       Dollar quoting can be used anywhere quoted text is needed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add function to send cancel request to other backends (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <literal>CASE val WHEN compval1 THEN ...</> evaluate <literal>val</> only once (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <option>CASE</> no longer evaluates the tested expression multiple
+       times. This has benefits when the expression is complex or is
+       volatile.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <type>interval</> plus <type>datetime</> operators (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        The reverse ordering, <type>datetime</> plus <type>interval</>,
-        was already supported, but both are required by the SQL standard.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Test <option>HAVING</> before computing target list of an
+       aggregate query (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Fixes improper failure of cases such as <literal>SELECT SUM(win)/SUM(lose)
+       ... GROUP BY ... HAVING SUM(lose) &gt; 0</>.  This should work but formerly
+       could fail with divide-by-zero.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits
-        of the integer
-        (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        In prior releases, the leftmost N bits were selected, but this was
-        deemed unhelpful, not to mention inconsistent with casting from bit
-        to int.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Replace <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter with
+       <varname>max_stack_depth</> parameter, measured in kilobytes of stack
+       size (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+      This gives us a fairly bulletproof defense against crashing due to
+      runaway recursive functions. Instead of measuring the depth of expression
+      nesting, we now directly measure the size of the execution stack.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Require <type>CIDR</> values to have all nonmasked bits be zero
-        (Kevin Brintnall)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow arbitrary row expressions (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This release allows SQL expressions to contain arbitrary composite
+       types, that is, row values. It also allows functions to more easily
+       take rows as arguments and return row values.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <option>LIKE</>/<option>ILIKE</> to be used as the operator
+       in row and subselect comparisons (Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Avoid locale-specific case conversion of basic ASCII letters in
+       identifiers and keywords (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This solves the <quote>Turkish problem</> with mangling of words
+       containing <literal>I</> and  <literal>i</>.  Folding of characters
+       outside the 7-bit-ASCII set is still locale-aware.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve syntax error reporting (Fabien, Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Syntax error reports are more useful than before.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
-        now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
-        beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
-        beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <command>EXECUTE</command> to return a completion tag
+       matching the executed statement (Kris Jurka)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previous releases return an <command>EXECUTE</command> tag for
+       any <command>EXECUTE</command> call. In this release, the tag
+       returned will reflect the command executed.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
-        use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
-        effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
-        their own transaction or other transactions.  Such a function must be
-        read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
-        <command>SELECT</>.  There is a considerable performance gain from
-        declaring a function <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</>
-        rather than <literal>VOLATILE</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Avoid emitting <option>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> in rule listings (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Such a clause makes no logical sense, but in some cases the rule
+       decompiler formerly produced this syntax.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Nondeferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
-        after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
-        finishing the current interactive command. This makes a difference
-        when the triggering query occurred within a function: the trigger
-        is invoked before the function proceeds to its next operation. For
-        example, if a function inserts a new row into a table, any
-        nondeferred foreign key checks occur before proceeding with the
-        function.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow function parameters to be declared with names (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows better documentation of functions.  Whether the names
-        actually do anything depends on the specific function language
-        being used.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow PL/pgSQL parameter names to be referenced in the function (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This basically creates an automatic alias for each named parameter.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Do minimal syntax checking of PL/pgSQL functions at creation time (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows us to catch simple syntax errors sooner.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>COMMENT ON</> for casts, conversions, languages,
+       operator classes, and large objects (Christopher)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More support for composite types (row and record variables) in PL/pgSQL
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        For example, it now works to pass a rowtype variable to another function
-        as a single variable.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add new server configuration parameter <varname>default_with_oids</> to
+       control whether tables are created with <type>OID</>s by default (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows administrators to control whether <command>CREATE
+       TABLE</command> commands create tables with or without <type>OID</>
+       columns by default.  (Note: the current factory default setting for
+       <varname>default_with_oids</> is <literal>TRUE</>, but the default
+       will become <literal>FALSE</> in future releases.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Default values for PL/pgSQL variables can now reference previously
-        declared variables
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>WITH</> / <option>WITHOUT OIDS</> clause to
+       <command>CREATE TABLE AS</command> (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve parsing of PL/pgSQL FOR loops (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Parsing is now driven by presence of <literal>".."</> rather than
-        data type of <option>FOR</> variable. This makes no difference for
-        correct functions, but should result in more understandable error
-        messages when a mistake is made.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN</> to drop an <type>OID</>
+       column (<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</> still works)
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Major overhaul of PL/Perl server-side language (Command Prompt, Andrew Dunstan)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow composite types as table columns (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        In PL/Tcl, SPI commands are now run in subtransactions.  If an error
-        occurs, the subtransaction is cleaned up and the error is reported
-        as an ordinary Tcl error, which can be trapped with <literal>catch</>.
-        Formerly, it was not possible to catch such errors.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>ALTER ... ADD COLUMN</> with defaults and
+       <option>NOT NULL</> constraints; works per SQL spec (Rod)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is now possible for <option>ADD COLUMN</> to create a column
+       that is not initially filled with NULLs, but with a specified
+       default value.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> to change column's type (Rod)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       It is now possible to alter a column's data type without dropping
+       and re-adding the column.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Accept <command>ELSEIF</> in PL/pgSQL (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Previously PL/pgSQL only allowed <command>ELSIF</>, but many people
-        are accustomed to spelling this keyword <command>ELSEIF</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow multiple <command>ALTER</> actions in a single <command>ALTER
+       TABLE</command> command (Rod)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This is particularly useful for <command>ALTER</> commands that
+       rewrite the table (which include <option>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> and
+       <option>ADD COLUMN</> with a default). By grouping
+       <command>ALTER</> commands together, the table need be rewritten
+       only once.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add <type>SERIAL</type>
+       columns (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This falls out from the new capability of specifying defaults for new
+       columns.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow changing the owners of aggregates, conversions, databases,
+       functions, operators, operator classes, schemas, types, and tablespaces
+       (Christopher, Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously this required modifying the system tables directly.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow temporary object creation to be limited to <option>SECURITY
+       DEFINER</> functions (Sean Chittenden)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve <application>psql</> information display about database
-        objects (Christopher)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>ALTER TABLE ... SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</> (Christopher)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Prior to this release, there was no way to clear an auto-cluster
+       specification except to modify the system tables.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>psql</> to display group membership in
-        <command>\du</> and <command>\dg</> (Markus Bertheau)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Constraint/Index/<type>SERIAL</> names are now
+       <replaceable>table_column_type</>
+       with numbers appended to guarantee uniqueness within the schema
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The SQL specification states that such names should be unique
+       within a schema.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Prevent <application>psql</> <command>\dn</command> from showing
-        temporary schemas (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>pg_get_serial_sequence()</> to return a
+       <type>SERIAL</> column's sequence name (Christopher)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows automated scripts to reliably find the <type>SERIAL</>
+       sequence name.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>psql</> to handle tilde user expansion for file
-        names (Zach Irmen)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Warn when primary/foreign key data type mismatch requires costly lookup
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>psql</> to display fancy prompts, including
-        color, via <application>readline</> (Reece Hart, Chet Ramey)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <command>ALTER INDEX</> command to allow moving of indexes
+       between tablespaces (Gavin)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make <application>psql</> <command>\copy</> match <command>COPY</command> command syntax
-        fully (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <command>ALTER TABLE OWNER</> change dependent sequence
+       ownership too (Alvaro)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Show the location of syntax errors (Fabien Coelho, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <command>CLUSTER</command> information to <application>psql</>
-        <command>\d</> display
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Change <application>psql</> <command>\copy stdin/stdout</> to read
-        from command input/output (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> to read from
-        <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin</>/<literal>stdout</> (Mark
-        Feit)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add global <application>psql</> configuration file, <filename>psqlrc.sample</filename>
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This allows a central file where global <application>psql</> startup commands can
-        be stored.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> to create triggers,
+       indexes, and sequences (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Have <application>psql</> <command>\d+</> indicate if the table
-        has an <type>OID</> column (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>ALSO</> keyword to <command>CREATE RULE</command> (Fabien
+       Coelho)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows <option>ALSO</> to be added to rule creation to contrast it with
+       <option>INSTEAD</> rules.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        On Windows, use binary mode in <application>psql</> when reading files so control-Z
-        is not seen as end-of-file
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>NOWAIT</> option to <command>LOCK</command> (Tatsuo)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows the <command>LOCK</command> command to fail if it
+       would have to wait for the requested lock.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Have <command>\dn+</> show permissions and description for schemas (Dennis
-        Bj&ouml;rklund)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <command>COPY</command> to read and write
+       comma-separated-value (CSV) files (Andrew, Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve tab completion support (Stefan Kaltenbrunn, Greg Sabino Mullane)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Generate error if the <command>COPY</command> delimiter and NULL
+       string conflict (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow boolean settings to be set using upper or lower case (Michael Paesold)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> behavior
+       follows the SQL spec more closely
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Avoid locking conflict between <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
+       and <command>CHECKPOINT</command> (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In 7.3 and 7.4, a long-running B-tree index build could block concurrent
+       <command>CHECKPOINT</>s from completing, thereby causing WAL bloat because the
+       WAL log could not be recycled.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command> does not hold locks
+       across tables (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This reduces the potential for deadlocks against other backends
+       that want exclusive locks on tables.  To get the benefit of this
+       change, do not execute database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command>
+       inside a transaction block (<command>BEGIN</command> block); it
+       must be able to commit and start a new transaction for each
+       table.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <command>REINDEX</command> does not exclusively lock the index's
+       parent table anymore
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The index itself is still exclusively locked, but readers of the
+       table can continue if they are not using the particular index
+       being rebuilt.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use dependency information to improve the reliability of
-        <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This should solve the longstanding problems with related objects
-        sometimes being dumped in the wrong order.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Erase MD5 user passwords when a user is renamed (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses the user name as salt
+       when encrypting passwords via MD5. When a user's name is changed,
+       the salt will no longer match the stored MD5 password, so the
+       stored password becomes useless.  In this release a notice is
+       generated and the password is cleared.  A new password must then
+       be assigned if the user is to be able to log in with a password.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Have <application>pg_dump</> output objects in alphabetical order if possible (Tom)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This should make it easier to identify changes between
-        dump files.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <application>pg_ctl</> <option>kill</> option for Windows (Andrew)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Windows does not have a <literal>kill</> command to send signals to
+       backends so this capability was added to <application>pg_ctl</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <application>pg_restore</> to ignore some SQL errors (Fabien Coelho)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This makes <application>pg_restore</>'s behavior similar to the
-        results of feeding a <application>pg_dump</> output script to
-        <application>psql</>. In most cases, ignoring errors and plowing
-        ahead is the most useful thing to do. Also added was a pg_restore
-        option to give the old behavior of exiting on an error.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Information schema improvements
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <application>pg_restore</> <option>-l</> display now includes
-        objects' schema names
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>--pwfile</> option to
+       <application>initdb</application> so the initial password can be
+       set by GUI tools (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New begin/end markers in <application>pg_dump</> text output (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Detect locale/encoding mismatch in
+       <application>initdb</application> (Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add start/stop times for
-        <application>pg_dump</>/<application>pg_dumpall</> in verbose mode
-        (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>register</> command to <application>pg_ctl</> to
+       register Windows operating system service (Dave Page)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow most <application>pg_dump</> options in
-        <application>pg_dumpall</> (Christopher)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Have <application>pg_dump</> use <command>ALTER OWNER</> rather
-        than <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> by default
-        (Christopher)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       More complete support for composite types (row types)  (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Composite values can be used in many places where only scalar values
+       worked before.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>libpq Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Reject nonrectangular array values as erroneous (Joe)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Formerly, <function>array_in</> would silently build a
+       surprising result.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        Make libpq's <option>SIGPIPE</> handling thread-safe (Bruce)
+        Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected (Tom)
        </para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        Add <function>PQmbdsplen()</> which returns the display length
-        of a character (Tatsuo)
+        The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
+        <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
        </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
        <para>
-        Add thread locking to <application>SSL</> and
-        <application>Kerberos</> connections (Manfred Spraul)
+        Formerly, the parser would select these operators in many situations
+        where an <quote>unable to select an operator</> error would be more
+        appropriate, such as <literal>null * null</>.  If you actually want
+        to do arithmetic on a <type>"char"</> column, you can cast it to
+        integer explicitly.
        </para>
       </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
+     <listitem>
        <para>
-        Allow <function>PQoidValue()</>, <function>PQcmdTuples()</>, and
-        <function>PQoidStatus()</> to work on <command>EXECUTE</command>
-        commands (Neil)
+        Syntax checking of array input values considerably tightened up (Joe)
        </para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <function>PQserverVersion()</> to provide more convenient
-        access to the server version number (Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      <para>
+        Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with odd results
+        now causes an <literal>ERROR</>, for example, non-whitespace
+        after the closing right brace.
        </para>
-      </listitem>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
+     <listitem>
        <para>
-        Add <function>PQprepare/PQsendPrepared()</> functions to support
-        preparing statements without necessarily specifying the data types
-        of their parameters (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
+        Empty-string array element values must now be written as
+        <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing (Joe)
        </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+        Formerly, both ways of writing an empty-string element value were
+        allowed, but now a quoted empty string is required.  The case where
+        nothing at all appears will probably be considered to be a NULL
+        element value in some future release.
+       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
+     <listitem>
        <para>
-        Many ECPG improvements, including <command>SET DESCRIPTOR</> (Michael)
+        Array element trailing whitespace is now ignored (Joe)
        </para>
-      </listitem>
+      <para>
+        Formerly leading whitespace was ignored, but trailing whitespace
+        between an element value and the delimiter or right brace was
+        significant.  Now trailing whitespace is also ignored.
+       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Emit array values with explicit array bounds when lower bound is not one
+       (Joe)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Accept <literal>YYYY-monthname-DD</> as a date string (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Source Code Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <function>netmask</> and <function>hostmask</> functions
+       return maximum-length mask length (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow the database server to run natively on Windows (Claudio, Magnus, Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change factorial function to return <type>numeric</type> (Gavin)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Returning <type>numeric</type> allows the factorial function to
+       work for a wider range of input values.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Shell script commands converted to C versions for Windows support (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <function>to_char</>/<function>to_date()</> date conversion
+       improvements (Kurt Roeckx, Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Create an extension makefile framework (Fabien Coelho, Peter)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This simplifies the task of building extensions outside the original
-        source tree.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <function>length()</> disregard trailing spaces in
+       <type>CHAR(n)</> (Gavin)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This change was made to improve consistency: trailing spaces are
+       semantically insignificant in <type>CHAR(n)</> data, so they
+       should not be counted by <function>length()</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Support relocatable installations (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Directory paths for installed files (such as the
-        <filename>/share</> directory) are now computed relative to the
-        actual location of the executables, so that an installation tree
-        can be moved to another place without reconfiguring and
-        rebuilding.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Warn about empty string being passed to
+       <type>OID</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</> data types (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       8.1 will throw an error instead.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use <option>--with-docdir</> to choose installation location of documentation; also
-        allow <option>--infodir</> (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow leading or trailing whitespace in
+       <type>int2</>/<type>int4</>/<type>int8</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</>
+       input routines
+       (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add <option>--without-docdir</> to prevent installation of documentation (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Better support for IEEE <literal>Infinity</> and <literal>NaN</>
+       values in <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       These should now work on all platforms that support IEEE-compliant
+       floating point arithmetic.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Upgrade to <application>DocBook</> V4.2 SGML (Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>week</> option to <function>date_trunc()</> (Robert Creager)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <literal>PostgreSQL</> <application>CVS</> tag (Marc)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This was done to make it easier for organizations to manage their
-        own copies of the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
-        <application>CVS</> repository. File version stamps from the master
-        repository will not get munged by checking into or out of a copied
-        repository.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>to_char</function> for <literal>1 BC</>
+       (previously it returned <literal>1 AD</>) (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clarify locking code (Manfred Koizar)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>date_part(year)</> for BC dates (previously it
+       returned one less than the correct year) (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>date_part()</> to return the proper millennium and
+       century (Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In previous versions, the century and millennium results had a wrong
+       number and started in the wrong year, as compared to standard
+       reckoning of such things.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>ceiling()</> as an alias for <function>ceil()</>,
+       and <function>power()</> as an alias for <function>pow()</> for
+       standards compliance (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <function>ln()</>, <function>log()</>,
+       <function>power()</>, and <function>sqrt()</> to emit the correct
+       <literal>SQLSTATE</> error codes for certain error conditions, as
+       specified by SQL:2003 (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>width_bucket()</> function as defined by SQL:2003 (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>generate_series()</> functions to simplify working
+       with numeric sets (Joe)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <function>upper/lower/initcap()</> functions to work with
+       multibyte encodings (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add boolean and bitwise integer <option>AND</>/<option>OR</>
+       aggregates (Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New session information functions to return network addresses for client
+       and server (Sean Chittenden)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add function to determine the area of a closed path (Sean Chittenden)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add function to send cancel request to other backends (Magnus)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <type>interval</> plus <type>datetime</> operators (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The reverse ordering, <type>datetime</> plus <type>interval</>,
+       was already supported, but both are required by the SQL standard.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits
+       of the integer
+       (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       In prior releases, the leftmost N bits were selected, but this was
+       deemed unhelpful, not to mention inconsistent with casting from bit
+       to int.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Require <type>CIDR</> values to have all nonmasked bits be zero
+       (Kevin Brintnall)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
+
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
+       now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
+       beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
+       beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
+       use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
+       effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
+       their own transaction or other transactions.  Such a function must be
+       read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
+       <command>SELECT</>.  There is a considerable performance gain from
+       declaring a function <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</>
+       rather than <literal>VOLATILE</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Nondeferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
+       after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
+       finishing the current interactive command. This makes a difference
+       when the triggering query occurred within a function: the trigger
+       is invoked before the function proceeds to its next operation. For
+       example, if a function inserts a new row into a table, any
+       nondeferred foreign key checks occur before proceeding with the
+       function.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow function parameters to be declared with names (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows better documentation of functions.  Whether the names
+       actually do anything depends on the specific function language
+       being used.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow PL/pgSQL parameter names to be referenced in the function (Dennis Bj&ouml;rklund)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This basically creates an automatic alias for each named parameter.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Do minimal syntax checking of PL/pgSQL functions at creation time (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows us to catch simple syntax errors sooner.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Buffer manager cleanup (Neil)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       More support for composite types (row and record variables) in PL/pgSQL
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       For example, it now works to pass a rowtype variable to another function
+       as a single variable.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Decouple platform tests from CPU spinlock code (Bruce, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Default values for PL/pgSQL variables can now reference previously
+       declared variables
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add inlined test-and-set code on PA-RISC for <application>gcc</>
-        (ViSolve, Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve parsing of PL/pgSQL FOR loops (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Parsing is now driven by presence of <literal>".."</> rather than
+       data type of <option>FOR</> variable. This makes no difference for
+       correct functions, but should result in more understandable error
+       messages when a mistake is made.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improve i386 spinlock code (Manfred Spraul)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Major overhaul of PL/Perl server-side language (Command Prompt, Andrew Dunstan)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Clean up spinlock assembly code to avoid warnings from newer
-        <application>gcc</> releases (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       In PL/Tcl, SPI commands are now run in subtransactions.  If an error
+       occurs, the subtransaction is cleaned up and the error is reported
+       as an ordinary Tcl error, which can be trapped with <literal>catch</>.
+       Formerly, it was not possible to catch such errors.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove JDBC from source tree; now a separate project
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Accept <command>ELSEIF</> in PL/pgSQL (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Previously PL/pgSQL only allowed <command>ELSIF</>, but many people
+       are accustomed to spelling this keyword <command>ELSEIF</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove the libpgtcl client interface; now a separate project
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        More accurately estimate memory and file descriptor usage (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Improvements to the Mac OS X startup scripts (Ray A.)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <function>fsync()</> test program (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve <application>psql</> information display about database
+       objects (Christopher)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Major documentation improvements (Neil, Peter)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>psql</> to display group membership in
+       <command>\du</> and <command>\dg</> (Markus Bertheau)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <application>pg_encoding</application>; not needed
-        anymore
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Prevent <application>psql</> <command>\dn</command> from showing
+       temporary schemas (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <application>pg_id</application>; not needed anymore
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>psql</> to handle tilde user expansion for file
+       names (Zach Irmen)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Remove <application>initlocation</application>; not needed
-        anymore
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>psql</> to display fancy prompts, including
+       color, via <application>readline</> (Reece Hart, Chet Ramey)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Auto-detect thread flags (no more manual testing) (Bruce)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make <application>psql</> <command>\copy</> match <command>COPY</command> command syntax
+       fully (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Use Olson's public domain <application>timezone</> library (Magnus)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Show the location of syntax errors (Fabien Coelho, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        With threading enabled, use thread flags on Unixware for
-        backend executables too (Bruce)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        Unixware cannot mix threaded and nonthreaded object files in the
-        same executable, so everything must be compiled as threaded.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <command>CLUSTER</command> information to <application>psql</>
+       <command>\d</> display
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <application>psql</> now uses a <application>flex</>-generated
-        lexical analyzer to process command strings
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Change <application>psql</> <command>\copy stdin/stdout</> to read
+       from command input/output (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Reimplement the linked list data structure used throughout the
-        backend (Neil)
-       </para>
-       <para>
-        This improves performance by allowing list append and length
-        operations to be more efficient.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> to read from
+       <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin</>/<literal>stdout</> (Mark
+       Feit)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow dynamically loaded modules to create their own server configuration
-        parameters (Thomas Hallgren)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add global <application>psql</> configuration file, <filename>psqlrc.sample</filename>
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This allows a central file where global <application>psql</> startup commands can
+       be stored.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New Brazilian version of FAQ (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Have <application>psql</> <command>\d+</> indicate if the table
+       has an <type>OID</> column (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add French FAQ (Guillaume Lelarge)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       On Windows, use binary mode in <application>psql</> when reading files so control-Z
+       is not seen as end-of-file
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <application>pgevent</> for Windows logging
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Have <command>\dn+</> show permissions and description for schemas (Dennis
+       Bj&ouml;rklund)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Make libpq and ECPG build as proper shared libraries on OS X (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improve tab completion support (Stefan Kaltenbrunn, Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow boolean settings to be set using upper or lower case (Michael Paesold)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Contrib Changes</title>
-     <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Overhaul of <filename>contrib/dblink</> (Joe)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <filename>contrib/dbmirror</> improvements (Steven Singer)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Use dependency information to improve the reliability of
+       <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This should solve the longstanding problems with related objects
+       sometimes being dumped in the wrong order.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <filename>contrib/xml2</> (John Gray, Torchbox)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Have <application>pg_dump</> output objects in alphabetical order if possible (Tom)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This should make it easier to identify changes between
+       dump files.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Updated <filename>contrib/mysql</filename>
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <application>pg_restore</> to ignore some SQL errors (Fabien Coelho)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This makes <application>pg_restore</>'s behavior similar to the
+       results of feeding a <application>pg_dump</> output script to
+       <application>psql</>. In most cases, ignoring errors and plowing
+       ahead is the most useful thing to do. Also added was a pg_restore
+       option to give the old behavior of exiting on an error.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New version of <filename>contrib/btree_gist</> (Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <application>pg_restore</> <option>-l</> display now includes
+       objects' schema names
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New <filename>contrib/trgm</>, trigram matching for
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> (Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New begin/end markers in <application>pg_dump</> text output (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Many <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> improvements (Teodor)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add start/stop times for
+       <application>pg_dump</>/<application>pg_dumpall</> in verbose mode
+       (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add double metaphone to <filename>contrib/fuzzystrmatch</> (Andrew)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow most <application>pg_dump</> options in
+       <application>pg_dumpall</> (Christopher)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Allow <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</> to run as a Windows service (Dave Page)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Have <application>pg_dump</> use <command>ALTER OWNER</> rather
+       than <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> by default
+       (Christopher)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Add functions to <filename>contrib/dbsize</> (Andreas Pflug)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Removed <filename>contrib/pg_logger</>: obsoleted by integrated logging
-        subprocess
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Removed <filename>contrib/rserv</>: obsoleted by various separate projects
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>libpq Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-     </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make libpq's <option>SIGPIPE</> handling thread-safe (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>PQmbdsplen()</> which returns the display length
+       of a character (Tatsuo)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-18">
-   <title>Release 7.4.18</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add thread locking to <application>SSL</> and
+       <application>Kerberos</> connections (Manfred Spraul)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow <function>PQoidValue()</>, <function>PQcmdTuples()</>, and
+       <function>PQoidStatus()</> to work on <command>EXECUTE</command>
+       commands (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains fixes from 7.4.17.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>PQserverVersion()</> to provide more convenient
+       access to the server version number (Greg Sabino Mullane)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.18</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add <function>PQprepare/PQsendPrepared()</> functions to support
+       preparing statements without necessarily specifying the data types
+       of their parameters (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Many ECPG improvements, including <command>SET DESCRIPTOR</> (Michael)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
 
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Source Code Changes</title>
     <itemizedlist>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
+       Allow the database server to run natively on Windows (Claudio, Magnus, Andrew)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+       Shell script commands converted to C versions for Windows support (Andrew)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+       Create an extension makefile framework (Fabien Coelho, Peter)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This simplifies the task of building extensions outside the original
+       source tree.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
+       Support relocatable installations (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Directory paths for installed files (such as the
+       <filename>/share</> directory) are now computed relative to the
+       actual location of the executables, so that an installation tree
+       can be moved to another place without reconfiguring and
+       rebuilding.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Prevent <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
-       due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+       Use <option>--with-docdir</> to choose installation location of documentation; also
+       allow <option>--infodir</> (Peter)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+       Add <option>--without-docdir</> to prevent installation of documentation (Peter)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
- 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-17">
-   <title>Release 7.4.17</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains fixes from 7.4.16,
-    including a security fix.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.17</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Upgrade to <application>DocBook</> V4.2 SGML (Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <literal>PostgreSQL</> <application>CVS</> tag (Marc)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This was done to make it easier for organizations to manage their
+       own copies of the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
+       <application>CVS</> repository. File version stamps from the master
+       repository will not get munged by checking into or out of a copied
+       repository.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Clarify locking code (Manfred Koizar)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Buffer manager cleanup (Neil)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Decouple platform tests from CPU spinlock code (Bruce, Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Add inlined test-and-set code on PA-RISC for <application>gcc</>
+       (ViSolve, Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Improve i386 spinlock code (Manfred Spraul)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Clean up spinlock assembly code to avoid warnings from newer
+       <application>gcc</> releases (Tom)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 7.4.15)
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Remove JDBC from source tree; now a separate project
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove the libpgtcl client interface; now a separate project
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
- 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-16">
-   <title>Release 7.4.16</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       More accurately estimate memory and file descriptor usage (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Improvements to the Mac OS X startup scripts (Ray A.)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.15, including
-    a security fix.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <function>fsync()</> test program (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.16</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Major documentation improvements (Neil, Peter)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <application>pg_encoding</application>; not needed
+       anymore
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <application>pg_id</application>; not needed anymore
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Remove <application>initlocation</application>; not needed
+       anymore
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Auto-detect thread flags (no more manual testing) (Bruce)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove security vulnerability that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      The vulnerability involves suppressing the normal check that a SQL
-      function returns the data type it's declared to, or changing the
-      data type of a table column used in a SQL function (CVE-2007-0555).
-      This error can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Use Olson's public domain <application>timezone</> library (Magnus)
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       With threading enabled, use thread flags on Unixware for
+       backend executables too (Bruce)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Unixware cannot mix threaded and nonthreaded object files in the
+       same executable, so everything must be compiled as threaded.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       <application>psql</> now uses a <application>flex</>-generated
+       lexical analyzer to process command strings
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
-     </para>
+      <para>
+       Reimplement the linked list data structure used throughout the
+       backend (Neil)
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       This improves performance by allowing list append and length
+       operations to be more efficient.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Allow dynamically loaded modules to create their own server configuration
+       parameters (Thomas Hallgren)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New Brazilian version of FAQ (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-15">
-   <title>Release 7.4.15</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add French FAQ (Guillaume Lelarge)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <application>pgevent</> for Windows logging
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.14.
-   </para>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Make libpq and ECPG build as proper shared libraries on OS X (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.15</title>
+    </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Contrib Changes</title>
+    <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Overhaul of <filename>contrib/dblink</> (Joe)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>contrib/dbmirror</> improvements (Steven Singer)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+       New <filename>contrib/xml2</> (John Gray, Torchbox)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
-       among other things.
+       Updated <filename>contrib/mysql</filename>
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
-        <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New version of <filename>contrib/btree_gist</> (Teodor)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New <filename>contrib/trgm</>, trigram matching for
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> (Teodor)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Many <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> improvements (Teodor)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
-       empty elements (Tom)
+       Add double metaphone to <filename>contrib/fuzzystrmatch</> (Andrew)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
-       are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
-       new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+       Allow <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</> to run as a Windows service (Dave Page)
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
-       change the output of these functions.
+       Add functions to <filename>contrib/dbsize</> (Andreas Pflug)
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+       Removed <filename>contrib/pg_logger</>: obsoleted by integrated logging
+       subprocess
       </para>
+     </listitem>
 
+     <listitem>
       <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+       Removed <filename>contrib/rserv</>: obsoleted by various separate projects
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
     </itemizedlist>
+   </sect3>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-14">
-   <title>Release 7.4.14</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-19">
+  <title>Release 7.4.19</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.18,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.19</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.13.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.14</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
-ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
-  matches for the separator string</para>
-<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
-  <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
-  (Teodor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Adjust regression tests for recent changes in US DST laws
-</para> </listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Repair assorted bugs in the regular-expression package (Tom, Will Drewry)
+     </para>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+     <para>
+      Suitably crafted regular-expression patterns could cause crashes,
+      infinite or near-infinite looping, and/or massive memory consumption,
+      all of which pose denial-of-service hazards for applications that
+      accept regex search patterns from untrustworthy sources.
+      (CVE-2007-4769, CVE-2007-4772, CVE-2007-6067)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-13">
-   <title>Release 7.4.13</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+     <para>
+      The fix that appeared for this in 7.4.18 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.12,
-    including patches for extremely serious security issues.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix planner failure in some cases of <literal>WHERE false AND var IN
+      (SELECT ...)</> (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.13</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
-    </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix PL/Python to not crash on long exception messages (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
-     CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
-     code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
-     into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
-     ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
-     most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
-     libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
-     <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
-     rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>ecpg</> parser fixes (Michael)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
-characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
-<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
-some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
-textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
-defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix <type>tsvector</> and <type>tsquery</> output routines to
+      escape backslashes correctly (Teodor, Bruce)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
-<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
-described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
-<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
-literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
-<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
-GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
-A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
-adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
-CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
-<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
-clients are insecure.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash of <function>to_tsvector()</> on huge input strings (Teodor)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
-aware of encoding considerations and
-<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
-<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
-issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
-them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
-Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
-concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
-<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
-for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
-do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
-routines instead.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
-<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>alt_to_iso</>,
-<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
-<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
-extents.
-</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
-(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug that sometimes caused OR'd index scans to
-miss rows they should have returned</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a btree index has been
-truncated</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-18">
+  <title>Release 7.4.18</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
-<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
-Fuhr)</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains fixes from 7.4.17.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for Bonjour on Intel Macs (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.18</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
+   </para>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix excessive logging of <acronym>SSL</> error messages (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Prevent <command>CLUSTER</> from failing
+      due to attempting to process temporary tables of other sessions (Alvaro)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+   </itemizedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-17">
+  <title>Release 7.4.17</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-12">
-   <title>Release 7.4.12</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains fixes from 7.4.16,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.17</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.11.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.12</title>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.11.
+     Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+     <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+     and operators (Tom)
     </para>
-   </sect2>
+    <para>
+     This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+     truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+     an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+     with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+     See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <filename>/contrib/tsearch2</> crash fixes (Teodor)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+     <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix potential crash in <command>SET
-SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
-<para>An unprivileged user could crash the server process, resulting in
-momentary denial of service to other users, if the server has been compiled
-with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
-Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
-</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix PANIC during enlargement of a hash index (bug introduced in 7.4.15)
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
-rows (Tom)</para>
-<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
-could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
-created in 7.4.9 and 7.3.11 releases.
-</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
-exists</> errors during pg_clog file creation
-(Tom)</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
-<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-16">
+  <title>Release 7.4.16</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
-references to custom operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
-and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.15, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.16</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
+   </para>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-11">
-   <title>Release 7.4.11</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.10.
-   </para>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.11</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove security vulnerability that allowed connected users
+     to read backend memory (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The vulnerability involves suppressing the normal check that a SQL
+     function returns the data type it's declared to, or changing the
+     data type of a table column used in a SQL function (CVE-2007-0555).
+     This error can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+     principle might be used to read database content that the user
+     should not be able to access.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
+    <listitem>
     <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.8.
-     Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
-     columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
-     <application>plperl</> issues described below.
+     Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+     due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
     </para>
-   </sect2>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix for rare Assert() crash triggered by <literal>UNION</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+     over three bytes long (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
-outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
-different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
-<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns.</para></listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
-to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
-<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
-started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
-<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
-<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
-<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
-textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-15">
+  <title>Release 7.4.15</title>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
-handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
-</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
-which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
-XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
-<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.14.
+  </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
-rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
-what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.15</title>
 
-</itemizedlist>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
+   </para>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-10">
-   <title>Release 7.4.10</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
-   </note>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.9.
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve handling of <function>getaddrinfo()</> on AIX (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.10</title>
+     <para>
+      This fixes a problem with starting the statistics collector,
+      among other things.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.8.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix <quote>failed to re-find parent key</> errors in
+       <command>VACUUM</> (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Fix bugs affecting multi-gigabyte hash indexes (Tom)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Fix error when constructing an <literal>ARRAY[]</> made up of multiple
+      empty elements (Tom)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix race condition in transaction log management</para>
-<para>There was a narrow window in which an I/O operation could be initiated
-for the wrong page, leading to an Assert failure or data
-corruption.</para>
-</listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
+      are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
+      new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
-when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
+      change the output of these functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/ltree</> fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-<listitem><para>AIX and HPUX compile fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+     <para>
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-<listitem><para>Fix longstanding planning error for outer joins</para>
-<para>This bug sometimes caused a bogus error <quote>RIGHT JOIN is
-only supported with merge-joinable join conditions</>.</para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-<listitem><para>Prevent core dump in <application>pg_autovacuum</> when a
-table has been dropped</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-14">
+  <title>Release 7.4.14</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-9">
-   <title>Release 7.4.9</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.13.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.14</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.8.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.9</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
-     notes for 7.4.8.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
-<literal>ctid</> chains too soon, and add more checking in code that follows
-<literal>ctid</> links</para>
-<para>This fixes a long-standing problem that could cause crashes in very rare
-circumstances.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <type>CHAR()</> to properly pad spaces to the specified
-length when using a multiple-byte character set (Yoshiyuki Asaba)</para>
-<para>In prior releases, the padding of <type>CHAR()</> was incorrect
-because it only padded to the specified number of bytes without
-considering how many characters were stored.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix the sense of the test for read-only transaction
-in <command>COPY</></para>
-<para>The code formerly prohibited <command>COPY TO</>, where it should
-prohibit <command>COPY FROM</>.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix planning problem with outer-join ON clauses that reference
-only the inner-side relation</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Further fixes for <literal>x FULL JOIN y ON true</> corner
-cases</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <function>array_in</> and <function>array_recv</> more
-paranoid about validating their OID parameter</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix missing rows in queries like <literal>UPDATE a=... WHERE
-a...</> with GiST index on column <literal>a</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve robustness of datetime parsing</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve checking for partially-written WAL
-pages</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve robustness of signal handling when SSL is
-enabled</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Don't try to open more than <literal>max_files_per_process</>
-files during postmaster startup</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various memory leakage fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various portability improvements</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix PL/PgSQL to handle <literal>var := var</> correctly when
-the variable is of pass-by-reference type</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Update <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to use current Snowball
-code</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix core dump when an untyped literal is taken as
+ANYARRAY</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>string_to_array()</> to handle overlapping
+ matches for the separator string</para>
+<para>For example, <literal>string_to_array('123xx456xxx789', 'xx')</>.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
+ <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
+ (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix backslash escaping in /contrib/dbmirror</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Adjust regression tests for recent changes in US DST laws
+</para> </listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-8">
-   <title>Release 7.4.8</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-13">
+  <title>Release 7.4.13</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.12,
+   including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.13</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.7, including several
-    security-related issues.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.8</title>
+   <para>
+    Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
+    CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
+    code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
+    into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
+    ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
+    most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
+    libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
+    <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
+    rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     it is one possible way of handling two significant security problems
-     that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
-     catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.8's initdb will
-     automatically correct these problems.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     The larger security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
-     conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
-     users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
-     secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
-     the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
-     be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
-     by the encoding conversion machinery.)
-    </para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
+characters in all cases (Tatsuo, Tom)</para>
+<para>While <productname>PostgreSQL</> has been moving in this direction for
+some time, the checks are now applied uniformly to all encodings and all
+textual input, and are now always errors not merely warnings.  This change
+defends against SQL-injection attacks of the type described in CVE-2006-2313.
+</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     The lesser problem is that the <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> module
-     creates several functions that are misdeclared to return
-     <type>internal</> when they do not accept <type>internal</> arguments.
-     This breaks type safety for all functions using <type>internal</>
-     arguments.
-    </para>
+<listitem><para>Reject unsafe uses of <literal>\'</> in string literals</para>
+<para>As a server-side defense against SQL-injection attacks of the type
+described in CVE-2006-2314, the server now only accepts <literal>''</> and not
+<literal>\'</> as a representation of ASCII single quote in SQL string
+literals.  By default, <literal>\'</> is rejected only when
+<varname>client_encoding</> is set to a client-only encoding (SJIS, BIG5, GBK,
+GB18030, or UHC), which is the scenario in which SQL injection is possible.
+A new configuration parameter <varname>backslash_quote</> is available to
+adjust this behavior when needed.  Note that full security against
+CVE-2006-2314 might require client-side changes; the purpose of
+<varname>backslash_quote</> is in part to make it obvious that insecure
+clients are insecure.
+</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     It is strongly recommended that all installations repair these errors,
-     either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedures given
-     below.  The errors at least allow unprivileged database users to crash
-     their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
-     privileges of a database superuser.
-    </para>
+<listitem><para>Modify <application>libpq</>'s string-escaping routines to be
+aware of encoding considerations and
+<varname>standard_conforming_strings</></para>
+<para>This fixes <application>libpq</>-using applications for the security
+issues described in CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314, and also future-proofs
+them against the planned changeover to SQL-standard string literal syntax.
+Applications that use multiple <productname>PostgreSQL</> connections
+concurrently should migrate to <function>PQescapeStringConn()</> and
+<function>PQescapeByteaConn()</> to ensure that escaping is done correctly
+for the settings in use in each database connection.  Applications that
+do string escaping <quote>by hand</> should be modified to rely on library
+routines instead.
+</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the following procedures instead.
-     As the database superuser, do:
+<listitem><para>Fix some incorrect encoding conversion functions</para>
+<para><function>win1251_to_iso</>, <function>alt_to_iso</>,
+<function>euc_tw_to_big5</>, <function>euc_tw_to_mic</>,
+<function>mic_to_euc_tw</> were all broken to varying
+extents.
+</para></listitem>
 
-<programlisting>
-BEGIN;
-UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[3] = 'internal'::regtype
-WHERE pronamespace = 11 AND pronargs = 5
-      AND proargtypes[2] = 'cstring'::regtype;
--- The command should report having updated 90 rows;
--- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
-COMMIT;
-</programlisting>
+<listitem><para>Clean up stray remaining uses of <literal>\'</> in strings
+(Bruce, Jan)</para></listitem>
 
-     Next, if you have installed <filename>contrib/tsearch2</>, do:
+<listitem><para>Fix bug that sometimes caused OR'd index scans to
+miss rows they should have returned</para></listitem>
 
-<programlisting>
-BEGIN;
-UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype
-WHERE oid IN (
-    'dex_init(text)'::regprocedure,
-    'snb_en_init(text)'::regprocedure,
-    'snb_ru_init(text)'::regprocedure,
-    'spell_init(text)'::regprocedure,
-    'syn_init(text)'::regprocedure
-);
--- The command should report having updated 5 rows;
--- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
-COMMIT;
-</programlisting>
+<listitem><para>Fix WAL replay for case where a btree index has been
+truncated</para></listitem>
 
-     If this command fails with a message like <quote>function
-     "dex_init(text)" does not exist</>, then either <filename>tsearch2</>
-     is not installed in this database, or you already did the update.
-    </para>
+<listitem><para>Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> for patterns involving
+<literal>|</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
-     of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
-     including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
-     template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
-     the same errors.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
-     as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
-     additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
-<programlisting>
-UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
-</programlisting>
-      Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
-      procedures.  Finally, do:
-<programlisting>
--- re-freeze template0:
-VACUUM FREEZE;
--- and protect it against future alterations:
-UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
-</programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+<listitem><para>Fix server to use custom DH SSL parameters correctly (Michael
+Fuhr)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix for Bonjour on Intel Macs (Ashley Clark)</para></listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
-misuse</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Change <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to avoid unsafe use of
-<type>INTERNAL</> function results</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair ancient race condition that allowed a transaction to be
-seen as committed for some purposes (eg SELECT FOR UPDATE) slightly sooner
-than for other purposes</para>
-<para>This is an extremely serious bug since it could lead to apparent
-data inconsistencies being briefly visible to applications.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair race condition between relation extension and
-VACUUM</para>
-<para>This could theoretically have caused loss of a page's worth of
-freshly-inserted data, although the scenario seems of very low probability.
-There are no known cases of it having caused more than an Assert failure.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix comparisons of <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para>
-<para>
-The comparison code was wrong in the case where the
-<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
-NOTE: if you have an index on a <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> column,
-it will need to be <command>REINDEX</>ed after installing this update, because
-the fix corrects the sort order of column values.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH)</> for
-<type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix mis-display of negative fractional seconds in
-<type>INTERVAL</> values</para>
-<para>
-This error only occurred when the
-<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Ensure operations done during backend shutdown are counted by
-statistics collector</para>
-<para>
- This is expected to resolve reports of <application>pg_autovacuum</>
- not vacuuming the system catalogs often enough &mdash; it was not being
- told about catalog deletions caused by temporary table removal during
- backend exit.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Additional buffer overrun checks in plpgsql
-(Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix pg_dump to dump trigger names containing <literal>%</>
-correctly (Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</> for newer OpenSSL builds
-(Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Still more 64-bit fixes for
-<filename>contrib/intagg</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent incorrect optimization of functions returning
-<type>RECORD</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent <function>to_char(interval)</> from dumping core for
-month-related formats</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent crash on <literal>COALESCE(NULL,NULL)</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>array_map</> to call PL functions correctly</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix permission checking in <command>ALTER DATABASE RENAME</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <function>RemoveFromWaitQueue</> clean up after itself</para>
-<para>
-This fixes a lock management error that would only be visible if a transaction
-was kicked out of a wait for a lock (typically by query cancel) and then the
-holder of the lock released it within a very narrow window.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with untyped parameter appearing in
-<command>INSERT ... SELECT</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <command>CLUSTER</> failure after
-<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-7">
-   <title>Release 7.4.7</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-12">
+  <title>Release 7.4.12</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.6, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.11.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.7</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.12</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.11, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.11.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
-<para>
-On platforms that will automatically execute initialization functions of a
-shared library (this includes at least Windows and ELF-based Unixen),
-<command>LOAD</> can be used to make the server execute arbitrary code.
-Thanks to NGS Software for reporting this.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Check that creator of an aggregate function has the right to
-execute the specified transition functions</para>
-<para>
-This oversight made it possible to bypass denial of EXECUTE
-permission on a function.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix security and 64-bit issues in
-contrib/intagg</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Add needed STRICT marking to some contrib functions (Kris
-Jurka)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid buffer overrun when plpgsql cursor declaration has too
-many parameters (Neil)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix planning error for FULL and RIGHT outer joins</para>
-<para>
-The result of the join was mistakenly supposed to be sorted the same as the
-left input.  This could not only deliver mis-sorted output to the user, but
-in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix plperl for quote marks in tuple fields</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix display of negative intervals in SQL and GERMAN
-datestyles</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make age(timestamptz) do calculation in local timezone not
-GMT</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+<listitem><para>Fix potential crash in <command>SET
+SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> (CVE-2006-0553)</para>
+<para>An unprivileged user could crash the server process, resulting in
+momentary denial of service to other users, if the server has been compiled
+with Asserts enabled (which is not the default).
+Thanks to Akio Ishida for reporting this problem.
+</para></listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-6">
-   <title>Release 7.4.6</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug with row visibility logic in self-inserted
+rows (Tom)</para>
+<para>Under rare circumstances a row inserted by the current command
+could be seen as already valid, when it should not be.  Repairs bug
+created in 7.4.9 and 7.3.11 releases.
+</para></listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition that could lead to <quote>file already
+exists</> errors during pg_clog file creation
+(Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.5.
-   </para>
+<listitem><para>Properly check <literal>DOMAIN</> constraints for
+<literal>UNKNOWN</> parameters in prepared statements
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
 
+<listitem><para>Fix to allow restoring dumps that have cross-schema
+references to custom operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.6</title>
+<listitem><para>Portability fix for testing presence of <function>finite</>
+and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
-<para>
-Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
-<quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
-it as a potential-data-loss bug.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
-<para>
-Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
-left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Disallow running <application>pg_ctl</> as root</para>
-<para>
-This is to guard against any possible security issues.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in <filename>/tmp</> in <command>make_oidjoins_check</command></para>
-<para>
-This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
-concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent forced backend shutdown from re-emitting prior command
-result</para>
-<para>
-In rare cases, a client might think that its last command had succeeded when
-it really had been aborted by forced database shutdown.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair bug in <function>pg_stat_get_backend_idset</function></para>
-<para>
-This could lead to misbehavior in some of the system-statistics views.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix small memory leak in postmaster</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <quote>expected both swapped tables to have TOAST
-tables</> bug</para>
-<para>
-This could arise in cases such as CLUSTER after ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent <literal>pg_ctl restart</> from adding <literal>-D</> multiple times</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with NULL values in GiST indexes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><literal>::</> is no longer interpreted as a variable in an
-ECPG prepare statement</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-11">
+  <title>Release 7.4.11</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-5">
-   <title>Release 7.4.5</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.10.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-08-18</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.11</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains one serious bug fix over 7.4.4.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.8.
+    Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
+    columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
+    <application>plperl</> issues described below.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.5</title>
+<itemizedlist>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+<listitem><para>Fix for protocol-level Describe messages issued
+outside a transaction or in a failed transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix character string comparison for locales that consider
+different character combinations as equal, such as Hungarian (Tom)</para>
+<para>This might require <command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns.</para></listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Repair possible crash during concurrent B-tree index insertions</para>
-<para>
-This patch fixes a rare case in which concurrent insertions into a B-tree index
-could result in a server panic.  No permanent damage would result, but it's
-still worth a re-release.  The bug does not exist in pre-7.4 releases.
+<listitem><para>Set locale environment variables during postmaster startup
+to ensure that <application>plperl</> won't change the locale later</para>
+<para>This fixes a problem that occurred if the <application>postmaster</> was
+started with environment variables specifying a different locale than what
+<application>initdb</> had been told.  Under these conditions, any use of
+<application>plperl</> was likely to lead to corrupt indexes.  You might need
+<command>REINDEX</> to fix existing indexes on
+textual columns if this has happened to you.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding bug in strpos() and regular expression
+handling in certain rarely used Asian multi-byte character sets (Tatsuo)
 </para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix bug in <filename>/contrib/pgcrypto</> gen_salt,
+which caused it not to use all available salt space for MD5 and
+XDES algorithms (Marko Kreen, Solar Designer)</para>
+<para>Salts for Blowfish and standard DES are unaffected.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to throw an error,
+rather than crashing, when the number of columns specified is different from
+what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
+
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-4">
-   <title>Release 7.4.4</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-10">
+  <title>Release 7.4.10</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.9.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.10</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.3.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.8.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.4</title>
+<itemizedlist>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+<listitem><para>Fix race condition in transaction log management</para>
+<para>There was a narrow window in which an I/O operation could be initiated
+for the wrong page, leading to an Assert failure or data
+corruption.</para>
+</listitem>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+<listitem><para>Prevent failure if client sends Bind protocol message
+when current transaction is already aborted</para></listitem>
 
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
-<para>
-Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
-it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
-checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
-restart.  This is a serious bug that has existed
-since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Check HAVING restriction before evaluating result list of an
-aggregate plan</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid crash when session's current user ID is deleted</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix hashed crosstab for zero-rows case (Joe)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Force cache update after renaming a column in a foreign key</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Pretty-print UNION queries correctly</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make psql handle <literal>\r\n</> newlines properly in COPY IN</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><application>pg_dump</> handled ACLs with grant options incorrectly</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix thread support for OS X and Solaris</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Updated JDBC driver (build 215) with various fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>ECPG fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para><filename>/contrib/ltree</> fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+<listitem><para>AIX and HPUX compile fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-3">
-   <title>Release 7.4.3</title>
+<listitem><para>Fix longstanding planning error for outer joins</para>
+<para>This bug sometimes caused a bogus error <quote>RIGHT JOIN is
+only supported with merge-joinable join conditions</>.</para></listitem>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-06-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+<listitem><para>Prevent core dump in <application>pg_autovacuum</> when a
+table has been dropped</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.2.
-   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-9">
+  <title>Release 7.4.9</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.3</title>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.8.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.9</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.4.8, see the release
+    notes for 7.4.8.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix temporary memory leak when using non-hashed aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>ECPG fixes, including some for Informix compatibility (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for compiling with thread-safety, particularly Solaris (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix error in COPY IN termination when using the old network protocol (ljb)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Several important fixes in pg_autovacuum, including fixes for
-large tables, unsigned oids, stability, temp tables, and debug mode
-(Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problem with reading tar-format dumps on NetBSD and BSD/OS (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Several JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART where last_value equals the restart value (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Repair failure to recalculate nested sub-selects (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with non-constant expressions in LIMIT/OFFSET</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Support FULL JOIN with no join clause, such as X FULL JOIN Y ON TRUE (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix another zero-column table bug (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Improve handling of non-qualified identifiers in GROUP BY clauses in sub-selects (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-Select-list aliases within the sub-select will now take precedence over
-names from outer query levels.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Do not generate <quote>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> when decompiling rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Add checks for invalid field length in binary COPY (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-  This fixes a difficult-to-exploit security hole.
+<listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
+<literal>ctid</> chains too soon, and add more checking in code that follows
+<literal>ctid</> links</para>
+<para>This fixes a long-standing problem that could cause crashes in very rare
+circumstances.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <type>CHAR()</> to properly pad spaces to the specified
+length when using a multiple-byte character set (Yoshiyuki Asaba)</para>
+<para>In prior releases, the padding of <type>CHAR()</> was incorrect
+because it only padded to the specified number of bytes without
+considering how many characters were stored.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix the sense of the test for read-only transaction
+in <command>COPY</></para>
+<para>The code formerly prohibited <command>COPY TO</>, where it should
+prohibit <command>COPY FROM</>.
 </para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid locking conflict between <command>ANALYZE</command> and <command>LISTEN</command>/<command>NOTIFY</command></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Numerous translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix planning problem with outer-join ON clauses that reference
+only the inner-side relation</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Further fixes for <literal>x FULL JOIN y ON true</> corner
+cases</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <function>array_in</> and <function>array_recv</> more
+paranoid about validating their OID parameter</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix missing rows in queries like <literal>UPDATE a=... WHERE
+a...</> with GiST index on column <literal>a</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve robustness of datetime parsing</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve checking for partially-written WAL
+pages</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve robustness of signal handling when SSL is
+enabled</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Don't try to open more than <literal>max_files_per_process</>
+files during postmaster startup</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various memory leakage fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various portability improvements</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix PL/PgSQL to handle <literal>var := var</> correctly when
+the variable is of pass-by-reference type</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Update <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to use current Snowball
+code</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-8">
+  <title>Release 7.4.8</title>
+
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-2">
-   <title>Release 7.4.2</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.7, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-03-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.8</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    it is one possible way of handling two significant security problems
+    that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
+    catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.8's initdb will
+    automatically correct these problems.
    </para>
 
+   <para>
+    The larger security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
+    conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
+    users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
+    secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
+    the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
+    be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
+    by the encoding conversion machinery.)
+   </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.2</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
-     it might be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for
-     two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
-     catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will
-     automatically correct these problems.
-    </para>
-
-    <para>
-     The more severe of the two errors is that data type <type>anyarray</>
-     has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the
-     <structname>pg_statistic</> system catalog uses <type>anyarray</>
-     columns.  The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even
-     crashes when planning queries that involve <literal>WHERE</> clauses on
-     double-aligned columns (such as <type>float8</> and <type>timestamp</>).
-     It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
-     either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
-     below.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    The lesser problem is that the <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> module
+    creates several functions that are misdeclared to return
+    <type>internal</> when they do not accept <type>internal</> arguments.
+    This breaks type safety for all functions using <type>internal</>
+    arguments.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The lesser error is that the system view <structname>pg_settings</>
-     ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow
-     <literal>UPDATE pg_settings</> to be used as a substitute for
-     <command>SET</>.  This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually,
-     but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use <literal>UPDATE
-     pg_settings</>.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    It is strongly recommended that all installations repair these errors,
+    either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedures given
+    below.  The errors at least allow unprivileged database users to crash
+    their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
+    privileges of a database superuser.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work
-     for fixing <structname>pg_statistic</>.  As the database superuser,
-     do:
+   <para>
+    If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the following procedures instead.
+    As the database superuser, do:
 
 <programlisting>
--- clear out old data in pg_statistic:
-DELETE FROM pg_statistic;
-VACUUM pg_statistic;
--- this should update 1 row:
-UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277;
--- this should update 6 rows:
-UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277;
---
--- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash!
---
--- repopulate pg_statistic:
-ANALYZE;
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[3] = 'internal'::regtype
+WHERE pronamespace = 11 AND pronargs = 5
+     AND proargtypes[2] = 'cstring'::regtype;
+-- The command should report having updated 90 rows;
+-- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
+COMMIT;
 </programlisting>
 
-     This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends
-     running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to
-     repopulate <structname>pg_statistic</>.
-    </para>
+    Next, if you have installed <filename>contrib/tsearch2</>, do:
 
-    <para>
-     To repair the <structname>pg_settings</> error, simply do:
 <programlisting>
-GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype
+WHERE oid IN (
+   'dex_init(text)'::regprocedure,
+   'snb_en_init(text)'::regprocedure,
+   'snb_ru_init(text)'::regprocedure,
+   'spell_init(text)'::regprocedure,
+   'syn_init(text)'::regprocedure
+);
+-- The command should report having updated 5 rows;
+-- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
+COMMIT;
 </programlisting>
-    </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
-     of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
-     including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
-     template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
-     the same errors.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
-     as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
-     additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
+    If this command fails with a message like <quote>function
+    "dex_init(text)" does not exist</>, then either <filename>tsearch2</>
+    is not installed in this database, or you already did the update.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
+    of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
+    including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
+    template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
+    the same errors.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
+    as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
+    additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
 <programlisting>
 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
 </programlisting>
-      Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
-      procedures.  Finally, do:
+     Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
+     procedures.  Finally, do:
 <programlisting>
 -- re-freeze template0:
 VACUUM FREEZE;
 -- and protect it against future alterations:
 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
 </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-<para>
-    Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6,
-    plus the following fixes:
-</para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fix <structname>pg_statistics</> alignment bug that could crash optimizer</para>
-<para>See above for details about this problem.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow non-super users to update <structname>pg_settings</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to
-<quote>variable not found in subplan target lists</> errors</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple
-index scan</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix multibyte problem that could lead to <quote>out of
-memory</> error during <command>COPY IN</></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with <command>SELECT INTO</> / <command>CREATE
-TABLE AS</> from tables without OIDs</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with <filename>alter_table</> regression test
-during parallel testing</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues</para>
-<para>initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some
-inconveniences associated with the <literal>i/I</> problem.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Other minor pg_dump fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Added ecpg <literal>WHENEVER NOT_FOUND</> to
-<literal>SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</> (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fixes for Borland compiler</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Thread build improvements (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various other build fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Various JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
+misuse</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> to avoid unsafe use of
+<type>INTERNAL</> function results</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair ancient race condition that allowed a transaction to be
+seen as committed for some purposes (eg SELECT FOR UPDATE) slightly sooner
+than for other purposes</para>
+<para>This is an extremely serious bug since it could lead to apparent
+data inconsistencies being briefly visible to applications.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair race condition between relation extension and
+VACUUM</para>
+<para>This could theoretically have caused loss of a page's worth of
+freshly-inserted data, although the scenario seems of very low probability.
+There are no known cases of it having caused more than an Assert failure.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix comparisons of <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para>
+<para>
+The comparison code was wrong in the case where the
+<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
+NOTE: if you have an index on a <type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> column,
+it will need to be <command>REINDEX</>ed after installing this update, because
+the fix corrects the sort order of column values.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH)</> for
+<type>TIME WITH TIME ZONE</> values</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix mis-display of negative fractional seconds in
+<type>INTERVAL</> values</para>
+<para>
+This error only occurred when the
+<literal>--enable-integer-datetimes</> configuration switch had been used.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Ensure operations done during backend shutdown are counted by
+statistics collector</para>
+<para>
+This is expected to resolve reports of <application>pg_autovacuum</>
+not vacuuming the system catalogs often enough &mdash; it was not being
+told about catalog deletions caused by temporary table removal during
+backend exit.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Additional buffer overrun checks in plpgsql
+(Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix pg_dump to dump trigger names containing <literal>%</>
+correctly (Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</> for newer OpenSSL builds
+(Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Still more 64-bit fixes for
+<filename>contrib/intagg</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent incorrect optimization of functions returning
+<type>RECORD</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <function>to_char(interval)</> from dumping core for
+month-related formats</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent crash on <literal>COALESCE(NULL,NULL)</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>array_map</> to call PL functions correctly</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix permission checking in <command>ALTER DATABASE RENAME</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>ALTER LANGUAGE RENAME</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <function>RemoveFromWaitQueue</> clean up after itself</para>
+<para>
+This fixes a lock management error that would only be visible if a transaction
+was kicked out of a wait for a lock (typically by query cancel) and then the
+holder of the lock released it within a very narrow window.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with untyped parameter appearing in
+<command>INSERT ... SELECT</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <command>CLUSTER</> failure after
+<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</></para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-7-4-1">
-   <title>Release 7.4.1</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-12-22</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.
-   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-7">
+  <title>Release 7.4.7</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.4.1</title>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-     running 7.4.
-    </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.6, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-    <para>
-     If you want to install the fixes in the information schema
-     you need to reload it into the database.
-     This is either accomplished by initializing a new cluster
-     by running <command>initdb</command>, or by running the following
-     sequence of SQL commands in each database (ideally including
-     <literal>template1</literal>) as a superuser in
-     <application>psql</application>, after installing the new release:
-<programlisting>
-DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
-\i /usr/local/pgsql/share/information_schema.sql
-</programlisting>
-     Substitute your installation path in the second command.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.7</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Fixed bug in <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> parsing in ECPG (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix compile error when <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> and <option>--with-perl</option> are used together (Peter)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix for subqueries that used hash joins (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-    Certain subqueries that used hash joins would crash because of
-    improperly shared structures.
-</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix free space map compaction bug (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-    This fixes a bug where compaction of the free space map could lead
-    to a database server shutdown.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix for Borland compiler build of libpq (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix <function>netmask()</function> and <function>hostmask()</function> to return the maximum-length masklen (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-    Fix these functions to return values consistent with pre-7.4
-    releases.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</filename> fixes</para>
-<para>
-    Fixes include improper variable initialization, missing vacuum after
-    <command>TRUNCATE</command>, and duration computation overflow for long vacuums.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow compile of <filename>contrib/cube</filename> under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix Solaris use of password file when no passwords are defined (Tom)</para>
-<para>
-    Fix crash on Solaris caused by use of any type of password
-    authentication when no passwords were defined.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>JDBC fix for thread problems, other fixes</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix for <type>bytea</type> index lookups (Joe)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix information schema for bit data types (Peter)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Make <function>PQescapeBytea</function> and <function>byteaout</function> consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Escape <type>bytea</type> output for bytes &gt; 0x7e(Joe)</para>
+<listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
 <para>
-  If different client encodings are used for <type>bytea</type> output and input, it
-  is possible for <type>bytea</type> values to be corrupted by the differing
-  encodings.  This fix escapes all bytes that might be affected.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Added missing <function>SPI_finish()</function> calls to dblink's <function>get_tuple_of_interest()</function> (Joe)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>New Czech FAQ</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix information schema view <literal>constraint_column_usage</literal> for foreign keys (Peter)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>ECPG fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix bug with multiple <literal>IN</literal> subqueries and joins in the subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Allow <literal>COUNT('x')</literal> to work (Tom)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Install ECPG include files for Informix compatibility into separate directory (Peter)</para>
+On platforms that will automatically execute initialization functions of a
+shared library (this includes at least Windows and ELF-based Unixen),
+<command>LOAD</> can be used to make the server execute arbitrary code.
+Thanks to NGS Software for reporting this.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Check that creator of an aggregate function has the right to
+execute the specified transition functions</para>
 <para>
-  Some names of ECPG include files for Informix compatibility conflicted with operating system include files.
-  By installing them in their own directory, name conflicts have been reduced.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix SSL memory leak (Neil)</para>
+This oversight made it possible to bypass denial of EXECUTE
+permission on a function.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix security and 64-bit issues in
+contrib/intagg</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Add needed STRICT marking to some contrib functions (Kris
+Jurka)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid buffer overrun when plpgsql cursor declaration has too
+many parameters (Neil)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix planning error for FULL and RIGHT outer joins</para>
 <para>
-  This release fixes a bug in 7.4 where SSL didn't free all memory it allocated.
-</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem><para>Prevent <filename>pg_service.conf</filename> from using service name as default dbname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Fix local ident authentication on FreeBSD (Tom)</para></listitem>
+The result of the join was mistakenly supposed to be sorted the same as the
+left input.  This could not only deliver mis-sorted output to the user, but
+in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix plperl for quote marks in tuple fields</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix display of negative intervals in SQL and GERMAN
+datestyles</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make age(timestamptz) do calculation in local timezone not
+GMT</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
   </sect2>
  </sect1>
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-4">
-  <title>Release 7.4</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-6">
+  <title>Release 7.4.6</title>
 
   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-11-17</simpara>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
   </note>
 
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.5.
+  </para>
+
+
   <sect2>
-   <title>Overview</title>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.6</title>
 
    <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      <literal>IN</literal> / <literal>NOT IN</literal> subqueries are
-      now much more efficient
-     </term>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, <literal>IN</literal>/<literal>NOT
-       IN</literal> subqueries were joined to the upper query by
-       sequentially scanning the subquery looking for a match.  The
-       7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques used by
-       ordinary joins and so is much faster.  An
-       <literal>IN</literal> will now usually be as fast as or faster
-       than an equivalent <literal>EXISTS</literal> subquery; this
-       reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to previous
-       releases.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Improved <literal>GROUP BY</literal> processing by using hash buckets
-     </term>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
+<para>
+Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
+<quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
+it as a potential-data-loss bug.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
+<para>
+Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
+left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Disallow running <application>pg_ctl</> as root</para>
+<para>
+This is to guard against any possible security issues.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in <filename>/tmp</> in <command>make_oidjoins_check</command></para>
+<para>
+This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
+concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent forced backend shutdown from re-emitting prior command
+result</para>
+<para>
+In rare cases, a client might think that its last command had succeeded when
+it really had been aborted by forced database shutdown.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair bug in <function>pg_stat_get_backend_idset</function></para>
+<para>
+This could lead to misbehavior in some of the system-statistics views.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix small memory leak in postmaster</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <quote>expected both swapped tables to have TOAST
+tables</> bug</para>
+<para>
+This could arise in cases such as CLUSTER after ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <literal>pg_ctl restart</> from adding <literal>-D</> multiple times</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with NULL values in GiST indexes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><literal>::</> is no longer interpreted as a variable in an
+ECPG prepare statement</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted
-       first.  The 7.4 code can do <literal>GROUP BY</literal>
-       without sorting, by accumulating results into a hash table
-       with one entry per group.  It will still use the sort
-       technique, however, if the hash table is estimated to be too
-       large to fit in <varname>sort_mem</>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      New multikey hash join capability
-     </term>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-5">
+  <title>Release 7.4.5</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single
-       keys.  This release allows multicolumn hash joins.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-08-18</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Queries using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax are
-      now better optimized
-     </term>
+  <para>
+   This release contains one serious bug fix over 7.4.4.
+  </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Prior releases evaluated queries using the explicit
-       <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax only in the order implied by
-       the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of these queries,
-       meaning the optimizer considers all possible join orderings
-       and chooses the most efficient.  Outer joins, however, must
-       still follow the declared ordering.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Faster and more powerful regular expression code
-     </term>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.5</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a
-       new version by Henry Spencer, originally written for Tcl.  The
-       code greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
-       of regular expressions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Function-inlining for simple SQL functions
-     </term>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
-       in the main query.  This improves performance by eliminating
-       per-call overhead.  That means simple SQL functions now
-       behave like macros.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Repair possible crash during concurrent B-tree index insertions</para>
+<para>
+This patch fixes a rare case in which concurrent insertions into a B-tree index
+could result in a server panic.  No permanent damage would result, but it's
+still worth a re-release.  The bug does not exist in pre-7.4 releases.
+</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address data types
-     </term>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Previous releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP
-       data types only supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds
-       full IPv6 support in both of these areas.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-4">
+  <title>Release 7.4.4</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Major improvements in SSL performance and reliability
-     </term>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled
-       our SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error
-       recovery.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.3.
+  </para>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Make free space map efficiently reuse empty index pages,
-      and other free space management improvements
-     </term>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       In previous releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty
-       because of deleted rows could only be reused by rows with
-       index values similar to the rows originally indexed on that
-       page. In 7.4, <command>VACUUM</command> records empty index
-       pages and allows them to be reused for any future index rows.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.4</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      SQL-standard information schema
-     </term>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The information schema provides a standardized and stable way
-       to access information about the schema objects defined in a
-       database.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Cursors conform more closely to the SQL standard
-     </term>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
+<para>
+Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
+it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
+checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
+restart.  This is a serious bug that has existed
+since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Check HAVING restriction before evaluating result list of an
+aggregate plan</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid crash when session's current user ID is deleted</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix hashed crosstab for zero-rows case (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Force cache update after renaming a column in a foreign key</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Pretty-print UNION queries correctly</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make psql handle <literal>\r\n</> newlines properly in COPY IN</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><application>pg_dump</> handled ACLs with grant options incorrectly</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix thread support for OS X and Solaris</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Updated JDBC driver (build 215) with various fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>ECPG fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The commands <command>FETCH</command> and
-       <command>MOVE</command> have been overhauled to conform more
-       closely to the SQL standard.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Cursors can exist outside transactions
-     </term>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-3">
+  <title>Release 7.4.3</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       These cursors are also called holdable cursors.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-06-14</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      New client-to-server protocol
-     </term>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.2.
+  </para>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The new protocol adds error codes, more status information,
-       faster startup, better support for binary data transmission,
-       parameter values separated from SQL commands, prepared
-       statements available at the protocol level, and cleaner
-       recovery from <command>COPY</command> failures.  The older
-       protocol is still supported by both server and clients.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      <application>libpq</application> and
-      <application>ECPG</application> applications are now fully
-      thread-safe
-     </term>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.3</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       While previous <application>libpq</application> releases
-       already supported threads, this release improves thread safety
-       by fixing some non-thread-safe code that was used during
-       database connection startup.  The <command>configure</command>
-       option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> must be used to
-       enable this feature.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      New version of full-text indexing
-     </term>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       A new full-text indexing suite is available in
-       <filename>contrib/tsearch2</filename>.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix temporary memory leak when using non-hashed aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>ECPG fixes, including some for Informix compatibility (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for compiling with thread-safety, particularly Solaris (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix error in COPY IN termination when using the old network protocol (ljb)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Several important fixes in pg_autovacuum, including fixes for
+large tables, unsigned oids, stability, temp tables, and debug mode
+(Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problem with reading tar-format dumps on NetBSD and BSD/OS (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Several JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART where last_value equals the restart value (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Repair failure to recalculate nested sub-selects (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with non-constant expressions in LIMIT/OFFSET</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Support FULL JOIN with no join clause, such as X FULL JOIN Y ON TRUE (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix another zero-column table bug (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Improve handling of non-qualified identifiers in GROUP BY clauses in sub-selects (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+Select-list aliases within the sub-select will now take precedence over
+names from outer query levels.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Do not generate <quote>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> when decompiling rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Add checks for invalid field length in binary COPY (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+ This fixes a difficult-to-exploit security hole.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid locking conflict between <command>ANALYZE</command> and <command>LISTEN</command>/<command>NOTIFY</command></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Numerous translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      New autovacuum tool
-     </term>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The new autovacuum tool in
-       <filename>contrib/autovacuum</filename> monitors the database
-       statistics tables for
-       <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
-       activity and automatically vacuums tables when needed.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-2">
+  <title>Release 7.4.2</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Array handling has been improved and moved into the server core
-     </term>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-03-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Many array limitations have been removed, and arrays behave
-       more like fully-supported data types.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1.
+  </para>
 
-   </variablelist>
-  </sect2>
 
   <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.4</title>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.2</title>
 
    <para>
-    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
-    required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
-    release.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.  However,
+    it might be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for
+    two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
+    catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will
+    automatically correct these problems.
    </para>
 
    <para>
-    Observe the following incompatibilities:
+    The more severe of the two errors is that data type <type>anyarray</>
+    has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the
+    <structname>pg_statistic</> system catalog uses <type>anyarray</>
+    columns.  The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even
+    crashes when planning queries that involve <literal>WHERE</> clauses on
+    double-aligned columns (such as <type>float8</> and <type>timestamp</>).
+    It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
+    either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
+    below.
    </para>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      The server-side autocommit setting was removed and
-      reimplemented in client applications and languages.
-      Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
-      languages and applications that wanted to control their own
-      autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
-      and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <para>
+    The lesser error is that the system view <structname>pg_settings</>
+    ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow
+    <literal>UPDATE pg_settings</> to be used as a substitute for
+    <command>SET</>.  This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually,
+    but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use <literal>UPDATE
+    pg_settings</>.
+   </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Error message wording has changed substantially in this
-      release.  Significant effort was invested to make the messages
-      more consistent and user-oriented.  If your applications try to
-      detect different error conditions by parsing the error message,
-      you are strongly encouraged to use the new error code facility instead.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <para>
+    If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work
+    for fixing <structname>pg_statistic</>.  As the database superuser,
+    do:
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Inner joins using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax
-      might behave differently because they are now better
-      optimized.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<programlisting>
+-- clear out old data in pg_statistic:
+DELETE FROM pg_statistic;
+VACUUM pg_statistic;
+-- this should update 1 row:
+UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277;
+-- this should update 6 rows:
+UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277;
+--
+-- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash!
+--
+-- repopulate pg_statistic:
+ANALYZE;
+</programlisting>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      A number of server configuration parameters have been renamed
-      for clarity, primarily those related to
-      logging.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+    This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends
+    running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to
+    repopulate <structname>pg_statistic</>.
+   </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <literal>FETCH 0</literal> or <literal>MOVE 0</literal> now
-      does nothing.  In prior releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal>
-      would fetch all remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal>
-      would move to the end of the cursor.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <para>
+    To repair the <structname>pg_settings</> error, simply do:
+<programlisting>
+GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
+</programlisting>
+   </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> now return
-      the actual number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
-      beginning/end of the cursor.  Prior releases would return the
-      row count passed to the command, not the number of rows
-      actually fetched or moved.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <para>
+    The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
+    of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
+    including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
+    template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
+    the same errors.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
+    as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
+    additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
+<programlisting>
+UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
+</programlisting>
+     Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
+     procedures.  Finally, do:
+<programlisting>
+-- re-freeze template0:
+VACUUM FREEZE;
+-- and protect it against future alterations:
+UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
+</programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <command>COPY</command> now can process files that use
-      carriage-return or carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line
-      sequences. Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
-      longer accepted in data values; use <literal>\r</literal> and
-      <literal>\n</literal> instead.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting from type
-      <type>char(<replaceable>n</>)</type> to
-      <type>varchar(<replaceable>n</>)</type> or <type>text</type>.
-      This is what most people always expected to happen anyway.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<para>
+   Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6,
+   plus the following fixes:
+</para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      The data type <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</type> now
-      measures <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal
-      digits.  The new behavior follows the SQL standard.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fix <structname>pg_statistics</> alignment bug that could crash optimizer</para>
+<para>See above for details about this problem.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow non-super users to update <structname>pg_settings</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to
+<quote>variable not found in subplan target lists</> errors</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple
+index scan</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix multibyte problem that could lead to <quote>out of
+memory</> error during <command>COPY IN</></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with <command>SELECT INTO</> / <command>CREATE
+TABLE AS</> from tables without OIDs</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with <filename>alter_table</> regression test
+during parallel testing</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues</para>
+<para>initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some
+inconveniences associated with the <literal>i/I</> problem.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Other minor pg_dump fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Added ecpg <literal>WHENEVER NOT_FOUND</> to
+<literal>SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</> (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fixes for Borland compiler</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Thread build improvements (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various other build fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Various JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by
-      the <varname>datestyle</varname> setting.  In prior releases, a
-      date specification of <literal>10/20/03</> was interpreted as a
-      date in October even if <varname>datestyle</> specified that
-      the day should be first.  7.4 will throw an error if a date
-      specification is invalid for the current setting of
-      <varname>datestyle</>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      The functions <function>oidrand</function>,
-      <function>oidsrand</function>, and
-      <function>userfntest</function> have been removed.  These
-      functions were determined to be no longer useful.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-4-1">
+  <title>Release 7.4.1</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      String literals specifying time-varying date/time values, such
-      as <literal>'now'</literal> or <literal>'today'</literal> will
-      no longer work as expected in column default expressions; they
-      now cause the time of the table creation to be the default, not
-      the time of the insertion.  Functions such as
-      <function>now()</>, <function>current_timestamp</>, or
-      <function>current_date</function> should be used instead.
-     </para>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-12-22</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-     <para>
-      In previous releases, there was special code so that strings
-      such as <literal>'now'</literal> were interpreted at
-      <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
-      this work around didn't cover all cases.  Release 7.4 now
-      requires that defaults be defined properly using functions such
-      as <function>now()</> or <function>current_timestamp</>. These
-      will work in all situations.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.
+  </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      The dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in
-      operator names.  It can instead be a non-first character in
-      identifiers.  This was done to improve compatibility with other
-      database systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter
-      placeholders (<literal>$<replaceable>n</></>) are written
-      adjacent to operators.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
 
-   </itemizedlist>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.4.1</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+    running 7.4.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    If you want to install the fixes in the information schema
+    you need to reload it into the database.
+    This is either accomplished by initializing a new cluster
+    by running <command>initdb</command>, or by running the following
+    sequence of SQL commands in each database (ideally including
+    <literal>template1</literal>) as a superuser in
+    <application>psql</application>, after installing the new release:
+<programlisting>
+DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
+\i /usr/local/pgsql/share/information_schema.sql
+</programlisting>
+    Substitute your installation path in the second command.
+   </para>
+
   </sect2>
 
   <sect2>
    <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <para>
-    Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
-    release 7.4 and the previous major release.
-   </para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Fixed bug in <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> parsing in ECPG (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix compile error when <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> and <option>--with-perl</option> are used together (Peter)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix for subqueries that used hash joins (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+   Certain subqueries that used hash joins would crash because of
+   improperly shared structures.
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix free space map compaction bug (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+   This fixes a bug where compaction of the free space map could lead
+   to a database server shutdown.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix for Borland compiler build of libpq (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix <function>netmask()</function> and <function>hostmask()</function> to return the maximum-length masklen (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+   Fix these functions to return values consistent with pre-7.4
+   releases.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</filename> fixes</para>
+<para>
+   Fixes include improper variable initialization, missing vacuum after
+   <command>TRUNCATE</command>, and duration computation overflow for long vacuums.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow compile of <filename>contrib/cube</filename> under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix Solaris use of password file when no passwords are defined (Tom)</para>
+<para>
+   Fix crash on Solaris caused by use of any type of password
+   authentication when no passwords were defined.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>JDBC fix for thread problems, other fixes</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix for <type>bytea</type> index lookups (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix information schema for bit data types (Peter)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Make <function>PQescapeBytea</function> and <function>byteaout</function> consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Escape <type>bytea</type> output for bytes &gt; 0x7e(Joe)</para>
+<para>
+ If different client encodings are used for <type>bytea</type> output and input, it
+ is possible for <type>bytea</type> values to be corrupted by the differing
+ encodings.  This fix escapes all bytes that might be affected.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Added missing <function>SPI_finish()</function> calls to dblink's <function>get_tuple_of_interest()</function> (Joe)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>New Czech FAQ</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix information schema view <literal>constraint_column_usage</literal> for foreign keys (Peter)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>ECPG fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix bug with multiple <literal>IN</literal> subqueries and joins in the subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Allow <literal>COUNT('x')</literal> to work (Tom)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Install ECPG include files for Informix compatibility into separate directory (Peter)</para>
+<para>
+ Some names of ECPG include files for Informix compatibility conflicted with operating system include files.
+ By installing them in their own directory, name conflicts have been reduced.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix SSL memory leak (Neil)</para>
+<para>
+ This release fixes a bug in 7.4 where SSL didn't free all memory it allocated.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+<listitem><para>Prevent <filename>pg_service.conf</filename> from using service name as default dbname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Fix local ident authentication on FreeBSD (Tom)</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Server Operation Changes</title>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan,
-      Bruce, Tom, Kurt Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+<sect1 id="release-7-4">
+ <title>Release 7.4</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
-      handled correctly.  This release fixes those problems.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-11-17</simpara>
+ </note>
+
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Overview</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor
-      SSL performance.  Also, initial key handling was improved.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <literal>IN</literal> / <literal>NOT IN</literal> subqueries are
+     now much more efficient
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
+      In previous releases, <literal>IN</literal>/<literal>NOT
+      IN</literal> subqueries were joined to the upper query by
+      sequentially scanning the subquery looking for a match.  The
+      7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques used by
+      ordinary joins and so is much faster.  An
+      <literal>IN</literal> will now usually be as fast as or faster
+      than an equivalent <literal>EXISTS</literal> subquery; this
+      reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to previous
+      releases.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Improved <literal>GROUP BY</literal> processing by using hash buckets
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
-      regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
-      cleaner administration scripts from removing server socket
-      files.
+      In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted
+      first.  The 7.4 code can do <literal>GROUP BY</literal>
+      without sorting, by accumulating results into a hash table
+      with one entry per group.  It will still use the sort
+      technique, however, if the hash table is estimated to be too
+      large to fit in <varname>sort_mem</>.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     New multikey hash join capability
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Make B-tree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
      <para>
-      In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash
-      could cause B-tree indexes to become corrupt. This release
-      removes those last few rare cases.
+      In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single
+      keys.  This release allows multicolumn hash joins.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow B-tree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Queries using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax are
+     now better optimized
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two
-      pages, there was a brief period when another database session
-      could miss seeing an index entry.  This release fixes that rare
-      failure case.
+      Prior releases evaluated queries using the explicit
+      <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax only in the order implied by
+      the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of these queries,
+      meaning the optimizer considers all possible join orderings
+      and chooses the most efficient.  Outer joins, however, must
+      still follow the declared ordering.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Faster and more powerful regular expression code
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Preserve free space information between server restarts (Tom)</para>
      <para>
-      In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
-      postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free
-      space information. This release saves the free space map, and
-      reloads it when the server is restarted.
+      The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a
+      new version by Henry Spencer, originally written for Tcl.  The
+      code greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
+      of regular expressions.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem><para>Add start time to <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Neil)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with <varname>zero_damaged_pages</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow clean exit from <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add transaction status, table ID, column ID to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add binary I/O to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Performance Improvements</title>
-
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Add hashing for <literal>GROUP BY</literal> aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Make nested-loop joins be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow multikey hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Function-inlining for simple SQL functions
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
      <para>
-      In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
-      not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
-      freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
-      completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
+      Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
+      in the main query.  This improves performance by eliminating
+      per-call overhead.  That means simple SQL functions now
+      behave like macros.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This release fixes several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
-      manages potential query paths.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address data types
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow <literal>IN</>/<literal>NOT IN</> to be handled via hash
-      tables (Tom)
+      Previous releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP
+      data types only supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds
+      full IPv6 support in both of these areas.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improve <literal>NOT IN (<replaceable>subquery</>)</literal>
-      performance (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Major improvements in SSL performance and reliability
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow most <literal>IN</literal> subqueries to be processed as
-      joins (Tom)
+      Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled
+      our SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error
+      recovery.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless of
-      locale (Peter)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use the standard
-      indexes for <literal>LIKE</literal> comparisons. This release
-      adds a way to create a special index for
-      <literal>LIKE</literal>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Make free space map efficiently reuse empty index pages,
+     and other free space management improvements
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using <varname>preload_libraries</varname> (Joe)</para>
      <para>
-      For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this
-      option is available so the library can be preloaded in the
-      postmaster and inherited by all database sessions.
+      In previous releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty
+      because of deleted rows could only be reused by rows with
+      index values similar to the rows originally indexed on that
+      page. In 7.4, <command>VACUUM</command> records empty index
+      pages and allows them to be reused for any future index rows.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     SQL-standard information schema
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Avoid sort when subquery <literal>ORDER BY</literal> matches upper query (Tom)
+      The information schema provides a standardized and stable way
+      to access information about the schema objects defined in a
+      database.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Deduce that <literal>WHERE a.x = b.y AND b.y = 42</literal> also
-      means <literal>a.x = 42</literal> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Cursors conform more closely to the SQL standard
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)
+      The commands <command>FETCH</command> and
+      <command>MOVE</command> have been overhauled to conform more
+      closely to the SQL standard.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Cursors can exist outside transactions
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow join optimization of explicit inner joins, disable with
-      <varname>join_collapse_limit</varname> (Tom)
+      These cursors are also called holdable cursors.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     New client-to-server protocol
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Add parameter <varname>from_collapse_limit</varname> to control
-      conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)
+      The new protocol adds error codes, more status information,
+      faster startup, better support for binary data transmission,
+      parameter values separated from SQL commands, prepared
+      statements available at the protocol level, and cleaner
+      recovery from <command>COPY</command> failures.  The older
+      protocol is still supported by both server and clients.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <application>libpq</application> and
+     <application>ECPG</application> applications are now fully
+     thread-safe
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from Tcl
-      (Henry Spencer, Tom)
+      While previous <application>libpq</application> releases
+      already supported threads, this release improves thread safety
+      by fixing some non-thread-safe code that was used during
+      database connection startup.  The <command>configure</command>
+      option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> must be used to
+      enable this feature.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     New version of full-text indexing
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)
+      A new full-text indexing suite is available in
+      <filename>contrib/tsearch2</filename>.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     New autovacuum tool
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Improve connection startup time (Tom)</para>
      <para>
-      The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to
-      start a database session.
+      The new autovacuum tool in
+      <filename>contrib/autovacuum</filename> monitors the database
+      statistics tables for
+      <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
+      activity and automatically vacuums tables when needed.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Array handling has been improved and moved into the server core
+    </term>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)
+      Many array limitations have been removed, and arrays behave
+      more like fully-supported data types.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+  </variablelist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.4</title>
+
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
+   required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
+   release.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Observe the following incompatibilities:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The server-side autocommit setting was removed and
+     reimplemented in client applications and languages.
+     Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
+     languages and applications that wanted to control their own
+     autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
+     and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Error message wording has changed substantially in this
+     release.  Significant effort was invested to make the messages
+     more consistent and user-oriented.  If your applications try to
+     detect different error conditions by parsing the error message,
+     you are strongly encouraged to use the new error code facility instead.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Inner joins using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax
+     might behave differently because they are now better
+     optimized.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     A number of server configuration parameters have been renamed
+     for clarity, primarily those related to
+     logging.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>FETCH 0</literal> or <literal>MOVE 0</literal> now
+     does nothing.  In prior releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal>
+     would fetch all remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal>
+     would move to the end of the cursor.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> now return
+     the actual number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
+     beginning/end of the cursor.  Prior releases would return the
+     row count passed to the command, not the number of rows
+     actually fetched or moved.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>COPY</command> now can process files that use
+     carriage-return or carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line
+     sequences. Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
+     longer accepted in data values; use <literal>\r</literal> and
+     <literal>\n</literal> instead.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting from type
+     <type>char(<replaceable>n</>)</type> to
+     <type>varchar(<replaceable>n</>)</type> or <type>text</type>.
+     This is what most people always expected to happen anyway.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The data type <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</type> now
+     measures <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal
+     digits.  The new behavior follows the SQL standard.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by
+     the <varname>datestyle</varname> setting.  In prior releases, a
+     date specification of <literal>10/20/03</> was interpreted as a
+     date in October even if <varname>datestyle</> specified that
+     the day should be first.  7.4 will throw an error if a date
+     specification is invalid for the current setting of
+     <varname>datestyle</>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The functions <function>oidrand</function>,
+     <function>oidsrand</function>, and
+     <function>userfntest</function> have been removed.  These
+     functions were determined to be no longer useful.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     String literals specifying time-varying date/time values, such
+     as <literal>'now'</literal> or <literal>'today'</literal> will
+     no longer work as expected in column default expressions; they
+     now cause the time of the table creation to be the default, not
+     the time of the insertion.  Functions such as
+     <function>now()</>, <function>current_timestamp</>, or
+     <function>current_date</function> should be used instead.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>
+     In previous releases, there was special code so that strings
+     such as <literal>'now'</literal> were interpreted at
+     <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
+     this work around didn't cover all cases.  Release 7.4 now
+     requires that defaults be defined properly using functions such
+     as <function>now()</> or <function>current_timestamp</>. These
+     will work in all situations.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in
+     operator names.  It can instead be a non-first character in
+     identifiers.  This was done to improve compatibility with other
+     database systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter
+     placeholders (<literal>$<replaceable>n</></>) are written
+     adjacent to operators.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
+   release 7.4 and the previous major release.
+  </para>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Server Operation Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan,
+     Bruce, Tom, Kurt Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
+     handled correctly.  This release fixes those problems.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor
+     SSL performance.  Also, initial key handling was improved.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
+     regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
+     cleaner administration scripts from removing server socket
+     files.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make B-tree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash
+     could cause B-tree indexes to become corrupt. This release
+     removes those last few rare cases.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Allow B-tree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two
+     pages, there was a brief period when another database session
+     could miss seeing an index entry.  This release fixes that rare
+     failure case.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Preserve free space information between server restarts (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
+     postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free
+     space information. This release saves the free space map, and
+     reloads it when the server is restarted.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Add start time to <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Neil)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with <varname>zero_damaged_pages</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow clean exit from <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add transaction status, table ID, column ID to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add binary I/O to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Performance Improvements</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Add hashing for <literal>GROUP BY</literal> aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Make nested-loop joins be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow multikey hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
+     not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
+     freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
+     completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This release fixes several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
+     manages potential query paths.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow <literal>IN</>/<literal>NOT IN</> to be handled via hash
+     tables (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve <literal>NOT IN (<replaceable>subquery</>)</literal>
+     performance (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow most <literal>IN</literal> subqueries to be processed as
+     joins (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless of
+     locale (Peter)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use the standard
+     indexes for <literal>LIKE</literal> comparisons. This release
+     adds a way to create a special index for
+     <literal>LIKE</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using <varname>preload_libraries</varname> (Joe)</para>
+    <para>
+     For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this
+     option is available so the library can be preloaded in the
+     postmaster and inherited by all database sessions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Avoid sort when subquery <literal>ORDER BY</literal> matches upper query (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Deduce that <literal>WHERE a.x = b.y AND b.y = 42</literal> also
+     means <literal>a.x = 42</literal> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow join optimization of explicit inner joins, disable with
+     <varname>join_collapse_limit</varname> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add parameter <varname>from_collapse_limit</varname> to control
+     conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from Tcl
+     (Henry Spencer, Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Improve connection startup time (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to
+     start a database session.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve speed of <literal>col IN (const, const, const, ...)</literal> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
+     particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
+     that, and the development group is interested in reports
+     comparing B-tree and hash index performance.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
+    <para>
+     Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are
+     32-byte aligned.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Data type <type>numeric</type> reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     <type>numeric</type> used to be stored in base 100. The new code
+     uses base 10000, for significantly better performance.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Rename server parameter <varname>server_min_messages</> to <varname>log_min_messages</> (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     This was done so most parameters that control the server logs
+     begin with <literal>log_</>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_*_stats</> to <varname>log_*_stats</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_source_port</> to <varname>log_source_port</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Rename <varname>hostname_lookup</> to <varname>log_hostname</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <varname>checkpoint_warning</> to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint
+     was happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the
+     server logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Change debug server log messages to output as <literal>DEBUG</>
+     rather than <literal>LOG</> (Bruce)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-superusers (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     This is a security feature so non-superusers cannot disable
+     logging that was enabled by the administrator.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <varname>log_min_messages</>/<varname>client_min_messages</> now
+     controls <varname>debug_*</> output (Bruce)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This centralizes client debug information so all debug output
+     can be sent to either the client or server logs.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows Mac OS X hosts to query the network for available
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add ability to print only slow statements using
+     <varname>log_min_duration_statement</varname>
+     (Christopher)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is an often requested debugging feature that allows
+     administrators to see only slow queries in their server logs.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and
+     netmask fields into a single CIDR field in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem><para>New read-only parameter <varname>is_superuser</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>New parameter <varname>log_error_verbosity</varname> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This works with the new error reporting feature to supply
+     additional error information like hints, file names and line
+     numbers.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para><literal>postgres --describe-config</literal> now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
+    <para>
+     This option is useful for administration tools that need to know
+     the configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums,
+     defaults, and descriptions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add new columns in <literal>pg_settings</literal>:
+     <literal>context</>, <literal>type</>, <literal>source</>,
+     <literal>min_val</>, <literal>max_val</> (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make default <varname>shared_buffers</> 1000 and
+     <varname>max_connections</> 100, if possible (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
+     would start on even very old systems. This release tests the
+     amount of shared memory allowed by the platform and selects more
+     reasonable default values if possible.  Of course, users are
+     still encouraged to evaluate their resource load and size
+     <varname>shared_buffers</varname> accordingly.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improve speed of <literal>col IN (const, const, const, ...)</literal> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     New <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> record type
+     <literal>hostnossl</> to prevent SSL connections (Jon
+     Jensen)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections
+     if both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows
+     that capability.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove parameter <varname>geqo_random_seed</varname>
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
-      particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
-      that, and the development group is interested in reports
-      comparing B-tree and hash index performance.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add server parameter <varname>regex_flavor</varname> to control regular expression processing (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
-     <para>
-      Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are
-      32-byte aligned.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <command>pg_ctl</command> better handle nonstandard ports (Greg)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Data type <type>numeric</type> reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      <type>numeric</type> used to be stored in base 100. The new code
-      uses base 10000, for significantly better performance.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Query Changes</title>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Rename server parameter <varname>server_min_messages</> to <varname>log_min_messages</> (Bruce)</para>
-     <para>
-      This was done so most parameters that control the server logs
-      begin with <literal>log_</>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow users to see their own queries in <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Kevin Brown)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, only the superuser could see query strings
+     using <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal>. Now ordinary users
+     can see their own query strings.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_*_stats</> to <varname>log_*_stats</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_source_port</> to <varname>log_source_port</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Rename <varname>hostname_lookup</> to <varname>log_hostname</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL standard (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     The SQL standard says that an aggregate function appearing
+     within a nested subquery belongs to the outer query if its
+     argument contains only outer-query variables.  Prior
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases did not handle
+     this fine point correctly.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <varname>checkpoint_warning</> to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint
-      was happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the
-      server logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J. Andrews)</para>
+    <para>
+     By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically
+     added to the <literal>FROM</> clause if they are not already
+     there.  This is compatible with historic
+     <productname>POSTGRES</productname> behavior but is contrary to
+     the SQL standard.  This option allows selecting
+     standard-compatible behavior.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <literal>UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT</literal> (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows <command>UPDATE</command> to set a column to its
+     declared default value.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Change debug server log messages to output as <literal>DEBUG</>
-      rather than <literal>LOG</> (Bruce)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow expressions to be used in <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> could
+     only use constants, not expressions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-superusers (Bruce)</para>
-     <para>
-      This is a security feature so non-superusers cannot disable
-      logging that was enabled by the administrator.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Implement <literal>CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE</literal> (Neil, Peter)</para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <varname>log_min_messages</>/<varname>client_min_messages</> now
-      controls <varname>debug_*</> output (Bruce)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This centralizes client debug information so all debug output
-      can be sent to either the client or server logs.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows Mac OS X hosts to query the network for available
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make <command>CREATE SEQUENCE</command> grammar more conforming to SQL:2003 (Neil)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add ability to print only slow statements using
-      <varname>log_min_duration_statement</varname>
-      (Christopher)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is an often requested debugging feature that allows
-      administrators to see only slow queries in their server logs.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
+    <para>
+     While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement,
+     it does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
+     statement.  This capability is planned for a future release.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and
-      netmask fields into a single CIDR field in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add check constraints for domains (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing
+     them to use check constraints.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>New read-only parameter <varname>is_superuser</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <command>ALTER DOMAIN</command> (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows manipulation of existing domains.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>New parameter <varname>log_error_verbosity</varname> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This works with the new error reporting feature to supply
-      additional error information like hints, file names and line
-      numbers.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
+     that occur when using such tables.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para><literal>postgres --describe-config</literal> now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
-     <para>
-      This option is useful for administration tools that need to know
-      the configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums,
-      defaults, and descriptions.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Have <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY</literal> add not-null constraint (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD
+     PRIMARY</literal> would add a unique index, but not a not-null
+     constraint.  That is fixed in this release.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add new columns in <literal>pg_settings</literal>:
-      <literal>context</>, <literal>type</>, <literal>source</>,
-      <literal>min_val</>, <literal>max_val</> (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS</literal> (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have
+     an OID column.  This is most useful for saving storage space.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make default <varname>shared_buffers</> 1000 and
-      <varname>max_connections</> 100, if possible (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
-      would start on even very old systems. This release tests the
-      amount of shared memory allowed by the platform and selects more
-      reasonable default values if possible.  Of course, users are
-      still encouraged to evaluate their resource load and size
-      <varname>shared_buffers</varname> accordingly.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add <literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal> to modify minimum, maximum,
+     increment, cache, cycle values (Rod)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      New <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> record type
-      <literal>hostnossl</> to prevent SSL connections (Jon
-      Jensen)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections
-      if both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows
-      that capability.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON</literal> (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
+    <para>
+     This command is used by <command>pg_dump</command> to record the
+     cluster column for each table previously clustered. This
+     information is used by database-wide cluster to cluster all
+     previously clustered tables.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove parameter <varname>geqo_random_seed</varname>
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve automatic type casting for domains (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so <literal>x=$1</> works (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add server parameter <varname>regex_flavor</varname> to control regular expression processing (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow copying table schema using <literal>LIKE
+     <replaceable>subtable</replaceable></literal>, also SQL:2003
+     feature <literal>INCLUDING DEFAULTS</literal> (Rod)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make <command>pg_ctl</command> better handle nonstandard ports (Greg)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add <literal>WITH GRANT OPTION</literal> clause to
+     <command>GRANT</command> (Peter)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This enabled <command>GRANT</command> to give other users the
+     ability to grant privileges on a object.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Query Changes</title>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <literal>ON COMMIT</literal> clause to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for temporary tables (Gavin)</para>
+    <para>
+     This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows
+     deleted on transaction commit.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow users to see their own queries in <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Kevin Brown)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, only the superuser could see query strings
-      using <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal>. Now ordinary users
-      can see their own query strings.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow cursors outside transactions using <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> (Neil)</para>
+    <para>
+     In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
+     transaction that created them. Cursors can now be created with
+     the <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> option, which allows them to
+     continue to be accessed after the creating transaction has
+     committed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL standard (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      The SQL standard says that an aggregate function appearing
-      within a nested subquery belongs to the outer query if its
-      argument contains only outer-query variables.  Prior
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases did not handle
-      this fine point correctly.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para><literal>FETCH 0</literal> and <literal>MOVE 0 </literal> now do nothing (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     In previous releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal> fetched all
+     remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal> moved to the end
+     of the cursor.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J. Andrews)</para>
-     <para>
-      By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically
-      added to the <literal>FROM</> clause if they are not already
-      there.  This is compatible with historic
-      <productname>POSTGRES</productname> behavior but is contrary to
-      the SQL standard.  This option allows selecting
-      standard-compatible behavior.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Cause <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> to
+     return the number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
+     beginning/end of cursor, per SQL standard (Bruce)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, the row count returned by
+     <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> did not
+     accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <literal>UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT</literal> (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows <command>UPDATE</command> to set a column to its
-      declared default value.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Properly handle <literal>SCROLL</literal> with cursors, or
+    report an error (Neil)</para>
+    <para>
+     Allowing random access (both forward and backward scrolling) to
+     some kinds of queries cannot be done without some additional
+     work. If <literal>SCROLL</literal> is specified when the cursor
+     is created, this additional work will be performed. Furthermore,
+     if the cursor has been created with <literal>NO SCROLL</literal>,
+     no random access is allowed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow expressions to be used in <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> could
-      only use constants, not expressions.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Implement SQL-compatible options <literal>FIRST</>,
+     <literal>LAST</>, <literal>ABSOLUTE <replaceable>n</></>,
+     <literal>RELATIVE <replaceable>n</></> for
+     <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Implement <literal>CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE</literal> (Neil, Peter)</para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <command>EXPLAIN</command> on <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make <command>CREATE SEQUENCE</command> grammar more conforming to SQL:2003 (Neil)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
+     reclustered with a single command.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
-     <para>
-      While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement,
-      it does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
-      statement.  This capability is planned for a future release.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Prevent <command>CLUSTER</command> on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add check constraints for domains (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing
-      them to use check constraints.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow DOS and Mac line-endings in <command>COPY</> files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <command>ALTER DOMAIN</command> (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows manipulation of existing domains.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Disallow literal carriage return as a data value,
+     backslash-carriage-return and <literal>\r</> are still allowed
+     (Bruce)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
-      that occur when using such tables.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para><command>COPY</> changes (binary, <literal>\.</>) (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Have <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY</literal> add not-null constraint (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD
-      PRIMARY</literal> would add a unique index, but not a not-null
-      constraint.  That is fixed in this release.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Recover from <command>COPY</command> failure cleanly (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS</literal> (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have
-      an OID column.  This is most useful for saving storage space.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Prevent possible memory leaks in <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add <literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal> to modify minimum, maximum,
-      increment, cache, cycle values (Rod)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
+    <para>
+     <command>TRUNCATE</command> can now be used inside a
+     transaction. If the transaction aborts, the changes made by the
+     <command>TRUNCATE</command> are automatically rolled back.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON</literal> (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
-     <para>
-      This command is used by <command>pg_dump</command> to record the
-      cluster column for each table previously clustered. This
-      information is used by database-wide cluster to cluster all
-      previously clustered tables.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow prepare/bind of utility commands like
+     <command>FETCH</command> and <command>EXPLAIN</command> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve automatic type casting for domains (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so <literal>x=$1</> works (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <command>EXPLAIN EXECUTE</command> (Neil)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow copying table schema using <literal>LIKE
-      <replaceable>subtable</replaceable></literal>, also SQL:2003
-      feature <literal>INCLUDING DEFAULTS</literal> (Rod)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Improve <command>VACUUM</command> performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add <literal>WITH GRANT OPTION</literal> clause to
-      <command>GRANT</command> (Peter)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This enabled <command>GRANT</command> to give other users the
-      ability to grant privileges on a object.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Functional indexes have been generalized into indexes on expressions (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple
+     function applied to one or more column names.  This release
+     allows any type of scalar expression.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Have <command>SHOW TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command> match input
+     to <command>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command>
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <literal>ON COMMIT</literal> clause to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for temporary tables (Gavin)</para>
-     <para>
-      This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows
-      deleted on transaction commit.
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+      Have <command>COMMENT ON DATABASE</command> on nonlocal
+      database generate a warning, rather than an error (Rod)
      </para>
-    </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow cursors outside transactions using <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> (Neil)</para>
-     <para>
-      In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
-      transaction that created them. Cursors can now be created with
-      the <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> option, which allows them to
-      continue to be accessed after the creating transaction has
-      committed.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+    <para>
+     Database comments are stored in database-local tables so
+     comments on a database have to be stored in each database.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve reliability of <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para><literal>FETCH 0</literal> and <literal>MOVE 0 </literal> now do nothing (Bruce)</para>
-     <para>
-      In previous releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal> fetched all
-      remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal> moved to the end
-      of the cursor.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow <command>REINDEX</command> to reliably reindex nonshared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows system tables to be reindexed without the
+     requirement of a standalone session, which was necessary in
+     previous releases. The only tables that now require a standalone
+     session for reindexing are the global system tables
+     <literal>pg_database</>, <literal>pg_shadow</>, and
+     <literal>pg_group</>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Cause <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> to
-      return the number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
-      beginning/end of cursor, per SQL standard (Bruce)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, the row count returned by
-      <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> did not
-      accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Properly handle <literal>SCROLL</literal> with cursors, or
-     report an error (Neil)</para>
-     <para>
-      Allowing random access (both forward and backward scrolling) to
-      some kinds of queries cannot be done without some additional
-      work. If <literal>SCROLL</literal> is specified when the cursor
-      is created, this additional work will be performed. Furthermore,
-      if the cursor has been created with <literal>NO SCROLL</literal>,
-      no random access is allowed.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     New server parameter <varname>extra_float_digits</varname> to
+     control precision display of floating-point numbers (Pedro
+     Ferreira, Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This controls output precision which was causing regression
+     testing problems.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Implement SQL-compatible options <literal>FIRST</>,
-      <literal>LAST</>, <literal>ABSOLUTE <replaceable>n</></>,
-      <literal>RELATIVE <replaceable>n</></> for
-      <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow <literal>+1300</literal> as a numeric time-zone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <command>EXPLAIN</command> on <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove rarely used functions <function>oidrand</>,
+     <function>oidsrand</>, and <function>userfntest</> functions
+     (Neil)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <function>md5()</> function to main server, already in <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename> (Joe)</para>
+    <para>
+     An MD5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
+     encryption capabilities, use
+     <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
-      reclustered with a single command.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Increase date range of <type>timestamp</type> (John Cochran)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Prevent <command>CLUSTER</command> on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Change <literal>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp)</literal> so
+     <type>timestamp without time zone</type> is assumed to be in
+     local time, not GMT (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow DOS and Mac line-endings in <command>COPY</> files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Change the <type>numeric</type> data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New <function>hostmask()</function> function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Fixes for <function>to_char()</function> and <function>to_timestamp()</function> (Karel)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Disallow literal carriage return as a data value,
-      backslash-carriage-return and <literal>\r</> are still allowed
-      (Bruce)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
+     any data type, using <type>anyelement</type> and
+     <type>anyarray</type> (Joe)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This allows the creation of functions that can work with any
+     data type.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para><command>COPY</> changes (binary, <literal>\.</>) (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Arrays can now be specified as <literal>ARRAY[1,2,3]</literal>,
+     <literal>ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']]</literal>, or
+     <literal>ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]]</literal> (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Recover from <command>COPY</command> failure cleanly (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including <literal>ORDER
+     BY</literal> and <literal>DISTINCT</literal> support
+     (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Prevent possible memory leaks in <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with <literal>||</literal> (Joe)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
-     <para>
-      <command>TRUNCATE</command> can now be used inside a
-      transaction. If the transaction aborts, the changes made by the
-      <command>TRUNCATE</command> are automatically rolled back.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow <literal>WHERE</literal> qualification
+     <literal><replaceable>expr</> <replaceable>op</> ANY/SOME/ALL
+     (<replaceable>array_expr</>)</literal> (Joe)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes
+     like <literal>SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN
+     (array_val)</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow prepare/bind of utility commands like
-      <command>FETCH</command> and <command>EXPLAIN</command> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     New array functions <function>array_append</>,
+     <function>array_cat</>, <function>array_lower</>,
+     <function>array_prepend</>, <function>array_to_string</>,
+     <function>array_upper</>, <function>string_to_array</> (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <command>EXPLAIN EXECUTE</command> (Neil)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Improve <command>VACUUM</command> performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow 60 in seconds fields of <type>time</type>,
+     <type>timestamp</type>, and <type>interval</type> input values
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Functional indexes have been generalized into indexes on expressions (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple
-      function applied to one or more column names.  This release
-      allows any type of scalar expression.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow <type>cidr</type> data type to be cast to <type>text</type> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Have <command>SHOW TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command> match input
-      to <command>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command>
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Disallow invalid time zone names in SET TIMEZONE</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-       Have <command>COMMENT ON DATABASE</command> on nonlocal
-       database generate a warning, rather than an error (Rod)
-      </para>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Trim trailing spaces when <type>char</type> is cast to
+     <type>varchar</> or <type>text</> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-     <para>
-      Database comments are stored in database-local tables so
-      comments on a database have to be stored in each database.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</> measure the precision
+     <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal digits
+     (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improve reliability of <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add IPv6 support to the <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type> data types (Michael Graff)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow <command>REINDEX</command> to reliably reindex nonshared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows system tables to be reindexed without the
-      requirement of a standalone session, which was necessary in
-      previous releases. The only tables that now require a standalone
-      session for reindexing are the global system tables
-      <literal>pg_database</>, <literal>pg_shadow</>, and
-      <literal>pg_group</>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <function>family()</function> function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Have <literal>SHOW datestyle</literal> generate output similar
+     to that used by <literal>SET datestyle</literal> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      New server parameter <varname>extra_float_digits</varname> to
-      control precision display of floating-point numbers (Pedro
-      Ferreira, Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This controls output precision which was causing regression
-      testing problems.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <literal>EXTRACT(TIMEZONE)</literal> and <literal>SET/SHOW
+     TIME ZONE</literal> follow the SQL convention for the sign of
+     time zone offsets, i.e., positive is east from UTC (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow <literal>+1300</literal> as a numeric time-zone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Fix <literal>date_trunc('quarter', ...)</literal> (Böjthe Zoltán)</para>
+    <para>
+     Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove rarely used functions <function>oidrand</>,
-      <function>oidsrand</>, and <function>userfntest</> functions
-      (Neil)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make <function>initcap()</function> more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
+    <para>
+     <function>initcap()</function> now uppercases a letter appearing
+     after any non-alphanumeric character, rather than only after
+     whitespace.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <function>md5()</> function to main server, already in <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename> (Joe)</para>
-     <para>
-      An MD5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
-      encryption capabilities, use
-      <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow only <varname>datestyle</varname> field order for date values not in ISO-8601 format (Greg)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Increase date range of <type>timestamp</type> (John Cochran)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add new <varname>datestyle</varname> values <literal>MDY</>,
+     <literal>DMY</>, and <literal>YMD</> to set input field order;
+     honor <literal>US</> and <literal>European</> for backward
+     compatibility (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Change <literal>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp)</literal> so
-      <type>timestamp without time zone</type> is assumed to be in
-      local time, not GMT (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     String literals like <literal>'now'</literal> or
+     <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column
+     default. Use functions such as <function>now()</function>,
+     <function>current_timestamp</function> instead.  (change
+     required for prepared statements) (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Change the <type>numeric</type> data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New <function>hostmask()</function> function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Fixes for <function>to_char()</function> and <function>to_timestamp()</function> (Karel)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most
+     purposes, but <function>min()</> and <function>max()</> didn't
+     get this right.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
-      any data type, using <type>anyelement</type> and
-      <type>anyarray</type> (Joe)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This allows the creation of functions that can work with any
-      data type.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Prevent interval from suppressing <literal>:00</literal>
+    seconds display</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Arrays can now be specified as <literal>ARRAY[1,2,3]</literal>,
-      <literal>ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']]</literal>, or
-      <literal>ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]]</literal> (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     New functions <function>pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint)</function>
+     and <function>pg_conversion_is_visible()</function> (Christopher)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including <literal>ORDER
-      BY</literal> and <literal>DISTINCT</literal> support
-      (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow time to be specified as <literal>040506</> or <literal>0405</> (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with <literal>||</literal> (Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Input date order must now be <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal> (with 4-digit year) or
+     match <varname>datestyle</varname>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow <literal>WHERE</literal> qualification
-      <literal><replaceable>expr</> <replaceable>op</> ANY/SOME/ALL
-      (<replaceable>array_expr</>)</literal> (Joe)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes
-      like <literal>SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN
-      (array_val)</literal>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <function>pg_get_constraintdef</function> support
+     unique, primary-key, and check constraints (Christopher)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      New array functions <function>array_append</>,
-      <function>array_cat</>, <function>array_lower</>,
-      <function>array_prepend</>, <function>array_to_string</>,
-      <function>array_upper</>, <function>string_to_array</> (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when <literal>RETURN NEXT</literal> is
+     used on a zero-row record variable (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow 60 in seconds fields of <type>time</type>,
-      <type>timestamp</type>, and <type>interval</type> input values
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make PL/Python's <function>spi_execute</function> interface
+     handle null values properly (Andrew Bosma)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow <type>cidr</type> data type to be cast to <type>text</type> (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without <literal>%ROWTYPE</literal> (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Disallow invalid time zone names in SET TIMEZONE</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Fix PL/Python's <function>_quote()</function> function to handle big integers</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Trim trailing spaces when <type>char</type> is cast to
-      <type>varchar</> or <type>text</> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make PL/Python an untrusted language, now called <literal>plpythonu</literal> (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
+     environment, so the trusted version of PL/Python was removed. If
+     this situation changes, a version of PL/Python that can be used
+     by non-superusers will be readded.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</> measure the precision
-      <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal digits
-      (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Joe, Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add IPv6 support to the <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type> data types (Michael Graff)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <function>family()</function> function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with
+     full support for polymorphism (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Have <literal>SHOW datestyle</literal> generate output similar
-      to that used by <literal>SET datestyle</literal> (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add new parameter <literal>$0</> in PL/pgSQL representing the
+     function's actual return type (Joe)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make <literal>EXTRACT(TIMEZONE)</literal> and <literal>SET/SHOW
-      TIME ZONE</literal> follow the SQL convention for the sign of
-      time zone offsets, i.e., positive is east from UTC (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow PL/Tcl and PL/Python to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Fix <literal>date_trunc('quarter', ...)</literal> (Böjthe Zoltán)</para>
-     <para>
-      Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fixed PL/Tcl's <function>spi_prepare</function> to accept fully
+     qualified type names in the parameter type list
+     (Jan)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make <function>initcap()</function> more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
-     <para>
-      <function>initcap()</function> now uppercases a letter appearing
-      after any non-alphanumeric character, rather than only after
-      whitespace.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>psql Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow only <varname>datestyle</varname> field order for date values not in ISO-8601 format (Greg)</para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add <literal>\pset pager always</literal> to always use pager (Greg)</para>
+    <para>
+     This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is
+     less than the screen height.  This is valuable for rows that
+     wrap across several screen rows.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add new <varname>datestyle</varname> values <literal>MDY</>,
-      <literal>DMY</>, and <literal>YMD</> to set input field order;
-      honor <literal>US</> and <literal>European</> for backward
-      compatibility (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Reorder <literal>\?</> help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      String literals like <literal>'now'</literal> or
-      <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column
-      default. Use functions such as <function>now()</function>,
-      <function>current_timestamp</function> instead.  (change
-      required for prepared statements) (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>\encoding</> now changes based on the server parameter
+     <varname>client_encoding</varname> (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     In previous versions, <command>\encoding</command> was not aware
+     of encoding changes made using <literal>SET
+     client_encoding</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most
-      purposes, but <function>min()</> and <function>max()</> didn't
-      get this right.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Save editor buffer into readline history (Ross)</para>
+    <para>
+     When <command>\e</> is used to edit a query, the result is saved
+     in the readline history for retrieval using the up arrow.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Prevent interval from suppressing <literal>:00</literal>
-     seconds display</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve <command>\d</command> display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-conforming (Greg)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      New functions <function>pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint)</function>
-      and <function>pg_conversion_is_visible()</function> (Christopher)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>New <command>\set AUTOCOMMIT off</command> capability (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This takes the place of the removed server parameter <varname>autocommit</varname>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow time to be specified as <literal>040506</> or <literal>0405</> (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>New <command>\set VERBOSITY</command> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This controls the new error reporting details.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Input date order must now be <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal> (with 4-digit year) or
-      match <varname>datestyle</varname>
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New prompt escape sequence <literal>%x</literal> to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make <function>pg_get_constraintdef</function> support
-      unique, primary-key, and check constraints (Christopher)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when <literal>RETURN NEXT</literal> is
-      used on a zero-row record variable (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Make pg_dump preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
+    <para>
+     This preserves <literal>ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE</literal> information.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Make PL/Python's <function>spi_execute</function> interface
-      handle null values properly (Andrew Bosma)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Make pg_dump preserve <command>CLUSTER</command> characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without <literal>%ROWTYPE</literal> (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Have pg_dumpall use <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> to dump database-level privileges (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Fix PL/Python's <function>_quote()</function> function to handle big integers</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow pg_dumpall to support the options <option>-a</>,
+     <option>-s</>, <option>-x</> of pg_dump (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make PL/Python an untrusted language, now called <literal>plpythonu</literal> (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
-      environment, so the trusted version of PL/Python was removed. If
-      this situation changes, a version of PL/Python that can be used
-      by non-superusers will be readded.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Joe, Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     pg_dump options <option>--use-set-session-authorization</option>
+     and <option>--no-reconnect</option> now do nothing, all dumps
+     use <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always
+     uses <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>. This will
+     reduce password prompting during restores.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
+    <para>
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now includes its own
+     long-option processing routines.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with
-      full support for polymorphism (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect3>
+  <title>libpq Changes</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add new parameter <literal>$0</> in PL/pgSQL representing the
-      function's actual return type (Joe)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add function <function>PQfreemem</function> for freeing memory on
+     Windows, suggested for <command>NOTIFY</command> (Bruce)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Windows requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by
+     a function in the same library, hence
+     <function>free()</function> doesn't work for freeing memory
+     allocated by libpq. <function>PQfreemem</function> is the proper
+     way to free libpq memory, especially on Windows, and is
+     recommended for other platforms as well.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow PL/Tcl and PL/Python to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows clients to look up connection information in a
+     central file on the client machine.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fixed PL/Tcl's <function>spi_prepare</function> to accept fully
-      qualified type names in the parameter type list
-      (Jan)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Make <function>PQsetdbLogin</function> have the same defaults as
+     <function>PQconnectdb</function> (Tom)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>psql Changes</title>
+   <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add <literal>\pset pager always</literal> to always use pager (Greg)</para>
-     <para>
-      This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is
-      less than the screen height.  This is valuable for rows that
-      wrap across several screen rows.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Improve performance of function <function>PQunescapeBytea</function> (Ben Lamb)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Reorder <literal>\?</> help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow thread-safe libpq with <filename>configure</filename>
+     option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness,
+     Philip Yarra)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      <command>\encoding</> now changes based on the server parameter
-      <varname>client_encoding</varname> (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      In previous versions, <command>\encoding</command> was not aware
-      of encoding changes made using <literal>SET
-      client_encoding</literal>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow function <function>pqInternalNotice</function> to accept a
+     format string and arguments instead of just a preformatted
+     message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Save editor buffer into readline history (Ross)</para>
-     <para>
-      When <command>\e</> is used to edit a query, the result is saved
-      in the readline history for retrieval using the up arrow.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Control SSL negotiation with <literal>sslmode</literal> values
+     <literal>disable</literal>, <literal>allow</literal>,
+     <literal>prefer</literal>, and <literal>require</literal> (Jon
+     Jensen)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Improve <command>\d</command> display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-conforming (Greg)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>New <command>\set AUTOCOMMIT off</command> capability (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This takes the place of the removed server parameter <varname>autocommit</varname>.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
+    <para>
+     This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know
+     the underlying table and column names associated with a specific
+     result set.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>New <command>\set VERBOSITY</command> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This controls the new error reporting details.
+   <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the server (Tom)</para></listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Add function <function>PQexecPrepared</function> and
+     <function>PQsendQueryPrepared</function> functions which perform
+     bind/execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>JDBC Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Allow <function>setNull</function> on updateable result sets</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow <function>executeBatch</function> on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add Informix compatibility to ECPG (Michael)</para>
+    <para>
+     This allows ECPG to process embedded C programs that were
+     written using certain Informix extensions.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>New prompt escape sequence <literal>%x</literal> to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-
-  <sect3>
-   <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Add type <type>decimal</type> to ECPG that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para>
+   </listitem>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Allow thread-safe embedded SQL programs with
+     <filename>configure</filename> option
+     <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness, Bruce)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This allows multiple threads to access the database at the same
+     time.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Moved Python client PyGreSQL to <ulink url="http://www.pygresql.org"></ulink> (Marc)</para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Source Code Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New function <function>palloc0</function> to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Use our own version of <function>getopt_long()</function> if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para> Bison &gt;= 1.85 is now required to build the <productname>PostgreSQL</> grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add Windows compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW (Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New <function>ereport()</function> function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Support Intel compiler on Linux (Peter)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Remove <option>--enable-recode</option> option from <command>configure</command></para>
+    <para>
+     This was no longer needed now that we have <command>CREATE CONVERSION</command>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
+    <para>
+     Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
+     than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled
+     with a new <command>configure</command> option.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+  <title>Contrib Changes</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Prevent crash in xml (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add hash-based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add serial column to order <function>connectby()</> siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic <command>VACUUM</command> (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Make pgbench honor environment variables <envar>PGHOST</>, <envar>PGPORT</>, <envar>PGUSER</> (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Fix bug in <function>metaphone()</function> in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (Böjthe Zoltán)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Fix dbase <option>-s</> option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr, Márcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Make pg_dump preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
-     <para>
-      This preserves <literal>ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE</literal> information.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-21">
+  <title>Release 7.3.21</title>
 
-    <listitem><para>Make pg_dump preserve <command>CLUSTER</command> characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2008-01-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Have pg_dumpall use <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> to dump database-level privileges (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.20,
+   including fixes for significant security issues.
+  </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Allow pg_dumpall to support the options <option>-a</>,
-      <option>-s</>, <option>-x</> of pg_dump (Tom)
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  <para>
+   This is expected to be the last <productname>PostgreSQL</> release
+   in the 7.3.X series.  Users are encouraged to update to a newer
+   release branch soon.
+  </para>
 
-    <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.21</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      pg_dump options <option>--use-set-session-authorization</option>
-      and <option>--no-reconnect</option> now do nothing, all dumps
-      use <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always
-      uses <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>. This will
-      reduce password prompting during restores.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
-     <para>
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now includes its own
-      long-option processing routines.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+  </sect2>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>libpq Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
    <itemizedlist>
+
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Add function <function>PQfreemem</function> for freeing memory on
-      Windows, suggested for <command>NOTIFY</command> (Bruce)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      Windows requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by
-      a function in the same library, hence
-      <function>free()</function> doesn't work for freeing memory
-      allocated by libpq. <function>PQfreemem</function> is the proper
-      way to free libpq memory, especially on Windows, and is
-      recommended for other platforms as well.
+      Prevent functions in indexes from executing with the privileges of
+      the user running <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, etc (Tom)
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      Functions used in index expressions and partial-index
+      predicates are evaluated whenever a new table entry is made.  It has
+      long been understood that this poses a risk of trojan-horse code
+      execution if one modifies a table owned by an untrustworthy user.
+      (Note that triggers, defaults, check constraints, etc. pose the
+      same type of risk.)  But functions in indexes pose extra danger
+      because they will be executed by routine maintenance operations
+      such as <command>VACUUM FULL</>, which are commonly performed
+      automatically under a superuser account.  For example, a nefarious user
+      can execute code with superuser privileges by setting up a
+      trojan-horse index definition and waiting for the next routine vacuum.
+      The fix arranges for standard maintenance operations
+      (including <command>VACUUM</>, <command>ANALYZE</>, <command>REINDEX</>,
+      and <command>CLUSTER</>) to execute as the table owner rather than
+      the calling user, using the same privilege-switching mechanism already
+      used for <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> functions.  To prevent bypassing
+      this security measure, execution of <command>SET SESSION
+      AUTHORIZATION</> and <command>SET ROLE</> is now forbidden within a
+      <literal>SECURITY DEFINER</> context.  (CVE-2007-6600)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
      <para>
-      This allows clients to look up connection information in a
-      central file on the client machine.
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
      </para>
-    </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Make <function>PQsetdbLogin</function> have the same defaults as
-      <function>PQconnectdb</function> (Tom)
+      The fix that appeared for this in 7.3.20 was incomplete, as it plugged
+      the hole for only some <filename>dblink</> functions.  (CVE-2007-6601,
+      CVE-2007-3278)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
-
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Improve performance of function <function>PQunescapeBytea</function> (Ben Lamb)
+      Fix potential crash in <function>translate()</> when using a multibyte
+      database encoding (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow thread-safe libpq with <filename>configure</filename>
-      option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness,
-      Philip Yarra)
+      Make <filename>contrib/tablefunc</>'s <function>crosstab()</> handle
+      NULL rowid as a category in its own right, rather than crashing (Joe)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow function <function>pqInternalNotice</function> to accept a
-      format string and arguments instead of just a preformatted
-      message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)
+      Require a specific version of <productname>Autoconf</> to be used
+      when re-generating the <command>configure</> script (Peter)
      </para>
-    </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
      <para>
-      Control SSL negotiation with <literal>sslmode</literal> values
-      <literal>disable</literal>, <literal>allow</literal>,
-      <literal>prefer</literal>, and <literal>require</literal> (Jon
-      Jensen)
+      This affects developers and packagers only.  The change was made
+      to prevent accidental use of untested combinations of
+      <productname>Autoconf</> and <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions.
+      You can remove the version check if you really want to use a
+      different <productname>Autoconf</> version, but it's
+      your responsibility whether the result works or not.
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
-     <para>
-      This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know
-      the underlying table and column names associated with a specific
-      result set.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the server (Tom)</para></listitem>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-20">
+  <title>Release 7.3.20</title>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Add function <function>PQexecPrepared</function> and
-      <function>PQsendQueryPrepared</function> functions which perform
-      bind/execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>JDBC Changes</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains fixes from 7.3.19.
+  </para>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Allow <function>setNull</function> on updateable result sets</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow <function>executeBatch</function> on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.20</title>
 
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para>
-    </listitem>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add Informix compatibility to ECPG (Michael)</para>
-     <para>
-      This allows ECPG to process embedded C programs that were
-      written using certain Informix extensions.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Add type <type>decimal</type> to ECPG that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para>
-    </listitem>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
 
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Allow thread-safe embedded SQL programs with
-      <filename>configure</filename> option
-      <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness, Bruce)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This allows multiple threads to access the database at the same
-      time.
+      Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
+      then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
+      on the same table (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
 
     <listitem>
-     <para>Moved Python client PyGreSQL to <ulink url="http://www.pygresql.org"></ulink> (Marc)</para>
-    </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Source Code Changes</title>
-
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New function <function>palloc0</function> to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Use our own version of <function>getopt_long()</function> if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para> Bison &gt;= 1.85 is now required to build the <productname>PostgreSQL</> grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add Windows compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW (Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New <function>ereport()</function> function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Support Intel compiler on Linux (Peter)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>Remove <option>--enable-recode</option> option from <command>configure</command></para>
      <para>
-      This was no longer needed now that we have <command>CREATE CONVERSION</command>.
+      Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+
     <listitem>
-     <para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
      <para>
-      Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
-      than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled
-      with a new <command>configure</command> option.
+      Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
+      of memory (Tom)
      </para>
     </listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-
-  <sect3>
-   <title>Contrib Changes</title>
-
-   <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Prevent crash in xml (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add hash-based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add serial column to order <function>connectby()</> siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic <command>VACUUM</command> (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Make pgbench honor environment variables <envar>PGHOST</>, <envar>PGPORT</>, <envar>PGUSER</> (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Fix bug in <function>metaphone()</function> in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (Böjthe Zoltán)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Fix dbase <option>-s</> option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr, Márcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect3>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-20">
-   <title>Release 7.3.20</title>
-
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-09-17</simpara>
-   </note>
-
-   <para>
-    This release contains fixes from 7.3.19.
-   </para>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.20</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Prevent index corruption when a transaction inserts rows and
-       then aborts close to the end of a concurrent <command>VACUUM</>
-       on the same table (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Make <command>CREATE DOMAIN ... DEFAULT NULL</> work properly (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Fix crash when <varname>log_min_error_statement</> logging runs out
-       of memory (Tom)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
+      password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Require non-superusers who use <filename>/contrib/dblink</> to use only
-       password authentication, as a security measure (Joe)
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-19">
+  <title>Release 7.3.19</title>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-19">
-   <title>Release 7.3.19</title>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-04-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <para>
+   This release contains fixes from 7.3.18,
+   including a security fix.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.19</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains fixes from 7.3.18,
-    including a security fix.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.19</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
+     <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
+     and operators (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
+     truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
+     an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
+     with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
+     See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
+     <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Support explicit placement of the temporary-table schema within
-      <varname>search_path</>, and disable searching it for functions
-      and operators (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      This is needed to allow a security-definer function to set a
-      truly secure value of <varname>search_path</>.  Without it,
-      an unprivileged SQL user can use temporary objects to execute code
-      with the privileges of the security-definer function (CVE-2007-2138).
-      See <command>CREATE FUNCTION</> for more information.
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix potential-data-corruption bug in how <command>VACUUM FULL</> handles
-      <command>UPDATE</> chains (Tom, Pavan Deolasee)
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-18">
+  <title>Release 7.3.18</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-18">
-   <title>Release 7.3.18</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.17, including
+   a security fix.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-02-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.18</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.17, including
-    a security fix.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.18</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Remove security vulnerability that allowed connected users
+     to read backend memory (Tom)
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The vulnerability involves changing the
+     data type of a table column used in a SQL function (CVE-2007-0555).
+     This error can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
+     principle might be used to read database content that the user
+     should not be able to access.
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
+     due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Remove security vulnerability that allowed connected users
-      to read backend memory (Tom)
-     </para>
-     <para>
-      The vulnerability involves changing the
-      data type of a table column used in a SQL function (CVE-2007-0555).
-      This error can easily be exploited to cause a backend crash, and in
-      principle might be used to read database content that the user
-      should not be able to access.
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
+     over three bytes long (Tom)
+    </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Fix rare bug wherein btree index page splits could fail
-      due to choosing an infeasible split point (Heikki Linnakangas)
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
-     <para>
-      Tighten security of multi-byte character processing for UTF8 sequences
-      over three bytes long (Tom)
-     </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-17">
+  <title>Release 7.3.17</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-17">
-   <title>Release 7.3.17</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.16.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2007-01-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.17</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.16.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.17</title>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-   </sect2>
+   <itemizedlist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
+      are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
+      new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+     <para>
+      This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
+      change the output of these functions.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <function>to_number()</> and <function>to_char(numeric)</>
-       are now <literal>STABLE</>, not <literal>IMMUTABLE</>, for
-       new <application>initdb</> installs (Tom)
-      </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
+     </para>
 
-      <para>
-       This is because <varname>lc_numeric</> can potentially
-       change the output of these functions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+     <para>
+      This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Improve index usage of regular expressions that use parentheses (Tom)
-      </para>
+   </itemizedlist>
 
-      <para>
-       This improves <application>psql</> <literal>\d</> performance also.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-16">
+  <title>Release 7.3.16</title>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-16">
-   <title>Release 7.3.16</title>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.15.
+  </para>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-10-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.16</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.15.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.16</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
-
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix corner cases in pattern matching for
-  <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
+ <application>psql</>'s <literal>\d</> commands</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix index-corrupting bugs in /contrib/ltree
-  (Teodor)</para></listitem>
+ (Teodor)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Back-port 7.4 spinlock code to improve performance and support
 64-bit architectures better</para> </listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix SSL-related memory leak in libpq</para> </listitem>
@@ -13541,46 +14561,46 @@ DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
 </para> </listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-15">
-   <title>Release 7.3.15</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-15">
+  <title>Release 7.3.15</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-05-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.14,
-    including patches for extremely serious security issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.14,
+   including patches for extremely serious security issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.15</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.15</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
-     CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
-     code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
-     into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
-     ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
-     most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
-     libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
-     <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
-     rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    Full security against the SQL-injection attacks described in
+    CVE-2006-2313 and CVE-2006-2314 might require changes in application
+    code.  If you have applications that embed untrustworthy strings
+    into SQL commands, you should examine them as soon as possible to
+    ensure that they are using recommended escaping techniques.  In
+    most cases, applications should be using subroutines provided by
+    libraries or drivers (such as <application>libpq</>'s
+    <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>) to perform string escaping,
+    rather than relying on <foreignphrase>ad hoc</> code to do it.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Change the server to reject invalidly-encoded multibyte
@@ -13633,33 +14653,33 @@ Fuhr)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix various minor memory leaks</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-14">
-   <title>Release 7.3.14</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-14">
+  <title>Release 7.3.14</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-02-14</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.13.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.13.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.14</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.14</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.13.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.13, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.13.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 
@@ -13690,36 +14710,36 @@ and <function>isinf</> during configure (Tom)</para></listitem>
 
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-13">
-   <title>Release 7.3.13</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-13">
+  <title>Release 7.3.13</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2006-01-09</simpara>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.12.
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.13</title>
 
    <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.12.
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.10.
+    Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
+    columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
+    <application>plperl</> issues described below.
    </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.13</title>
-
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.10.
-     Also, you might need to <command>REINDEX</> indexes on textual
-     columns after updating, if you are affected by the locale or
-     <application>plperl</> issues described below.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 
@@ -13752,33 +14772,33 @@ what's actually returned by the query (Joe)</para></listitem>
 
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-12">
-   <title>Release 7.3.12</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-12">
+  <title>Release 7.3.12</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-12-12</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.11.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.11.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.12</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.12</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.10.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.10.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 
@@ -13799,33 +14819,33 @@ table has been dropped</para></listitem>
 
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-11">
-   <title>Release 7.3.11</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-11">
+  <title>Release 7.3.11</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-10-04</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.10.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.10.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.11</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.11</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
-     notes for 7.3.10.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 7.3.10, see the release
+    notes for 7.3.10.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix error that allowed <command>VACUUM</> to remove
@@ -13850,87 +14870,87 @@ enabled</para></listitem>
 the variable is of pass-by-reference type</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-10">
-   <title>Release 7.3.10</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-10">
+  <title>Release 7.3.10</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.9, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.9, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.10</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.10</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
-     it is one possible way of handling a significant security problem
-     that has been found in the initial contents of 7.3.X system
-     catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.3.10's initdb will
-     automatically correct this problem.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.  However,
+    it is one possible way of handling a significant security problem
+    that has been found in the initial contents of 7.3.X system
+    catalogs.  A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.3.10's initdb will
+    automatically correct this problem.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
-     conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
-     users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
-     secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
-     the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
-     be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
-     by the encoding conversion machinery.)
-     It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
-     either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
-     below.  The error at least allows unprivileged database users to crash
-     their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
-     privileges of a database superuser.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    The security problem is that the built-in character set encoding
+    conversion functions can be invoked from SQL commands by unprivileged
+    users, but the functions were not designed for such use and are not
+    secure against malicious choices of arguments.  The fix involves changing
+    the declared parameter list of these functions so that they can no longer
+    be invoked from SQL commands.  (This does not affect their normal use
+    by the encoding conversion machinery.)
+    It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
+    either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
+    below.  The error at least allows unprivileged database users to crash
+    their server process, and might allow unprivileged users to gain the
+    privileges of a database superuser.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the following procedure instead.
-     As the database superuser, do:
+   <para>
+    If you wish not to do an initdb, perform the following procedure instead.
+    As the database superuser, do:
 
 <programlisting>
 BEGIN;
 UPDATE pg_proc SET proargtypes[3] = 'internal'::regtype
 WHERE pronamespace = 11 AND pronargs = 5
-      AND proargtypes[2] = 'cstring'::regtype;
+     AND proargtypes[2] = 'cstring'::regtype;
 -- The command should report having updated 90 rows;
 -- if not, rollback and investigate instead of committing!
 COMMIT;
 </programlisting>
-    </para>
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     The above procedure must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
-     of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
-     including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
-     template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
-     the same error.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
-     as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
-     additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
+   <para>
+    The above procedure must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
+    of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
+    including <literal>template0</> as well.  If you do not fix the
+    template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
+    the same error.  <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
+    as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
+    additional steps.  First, from any database issue:
 <programlisting>
 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
 </programlisting>
-      Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
-      procedure.  Finally, do:
+     Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
+     procedure.  Finally, do:
 <programlisting>
 -- re-freeze template0:
 VACUUM FREEZE;
 -- and protect it against future alterations:
 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
 </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Change encoding function signature to prevent
@@ -13976,32 +14996,32 @@ month-related formats</para></listitem>
 <type>RECORD</></para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-9">
-   <title>Release 7.3.9</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-9">
+  <title>Release 7.3.9</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.8, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.8, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.9</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.9</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
@@ -14032,32 +15052,32 @@ in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
 datestyles</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-8">
-   <title>Release 7.3.8</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-8">
+  <title>Release 7.3.8</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.7.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.7.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.8</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.8</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
@@ -14082,32 +15102,32 @@ concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
 </para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-7">
-   <title>Release 7.3.7</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-7">
+  <title>Release 7.3.7</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains one critical fix over 7.3.6, and some minor items.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains one critical fix over 7.3.6, and some minor items.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.7</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.7</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
@@ -14122,34 +15142,34 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Properly schema-qualify function names when pg_dump'ing a CAST</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-6">
-   <title>Release 7.3.6</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-6">
+  <title>Release 7.3.6</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-03-02</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-03-02</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.5.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.5.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.6</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.6</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-     running 7.3.*.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+    running 7.3.*.
+   </para>
 
-   </sect2>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Revert erroneous changes in rule permissions checking</para>
@@ -14187,33 +15207,33 @@ in multibyte cases (Korea PostgreSQL Users' Group)</para></listitem>
 operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-5">
-   <title>Release 7.3.5</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-5">
+  <title>Release 7.3.5</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-12-03</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-12-03</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.4.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.4.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.5</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.5</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-     running 7.3.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+    running 7.3.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
@@ -14238,33 +15258,33 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
-   <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
+  <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.3.4</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.3.4</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-     running 7.3.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+    running 7.3.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair breakage in timestamp-to-date conversion for dates before 2000</para></listitem>
@@ -14277,33 +15297,33 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Work around buggy strxfrm() present in some Solaris releases (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Properly escape jdbc setObject() strings to improve security (Barry)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
-  <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
+ <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.3.3</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.3.3</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.3.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.3.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair sometimes-incorrect computation of StartUpID after a crash</para></listitem>
@@ -14319,21 +15339,21 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Issue notice, not error, if <type>TIMESTAMP</type>,
 <type> TIME</type>, or <type>INTERVAL</type> precision too large</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <function>abstime-to-time</function> cast function (fix is
-       not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
+      not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_proc</application> entry for
-      <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
-        <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
+     <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
+       <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp without time zone)</function> treat input as local time</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><command>'now'::timestamptz</command> gave wrong answer if timezone changed earlier in transaction</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><envar>HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP</envar> code for time with timezone overwrote its input</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Accept <command>GLOBAL TEMP/TEMPORARY</command> as a
-       synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
+      synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Avoid improper schema-privilege-check failure in foreign-key triggers</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in foreign-key triggers for <command>SET DEFAULT</command> action</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect time-qual check in row fetch for
-       <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
+      <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Foreign-key clauses were parsed but ignored in
-       <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
+      <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix createlang script breakage for case where handler function already exists</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior on zero-column tables in <application>pg_dump</application>, COPY, ANALYZE, other places</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>func_error()</function> on type names containing '%'</para></listitem>
@@ -14367,13 +15387,13 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix replace_vars_with_subplan_refs failure in complex views</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix regexp slowness in single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow qualified type names in <command>CREATE CAST</command>
-       and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
+      and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Accept <function>SETOF type[]</function>, which formerly had to
-       be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
+      be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</application> core dump in some cases with procedural languages</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Force ISO datestyle in <application>pg_dump</application> output, for portability (Oliver)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</application> failed to handle error return
-       from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
+      from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed with groups having no members (Nick Eskelinen)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed to recognize --globals-only switch</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>pg_restore failed to restore blobs if -X disable-triggers is specified</para></listitem>
@@ -14387,34 +15407,34 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fixed problem with parsing table ACLs in JDBC</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Better error message for character set conversion problems in JDBC</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
-  <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
-  </note>
+<sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
+ <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
-  </para>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
+ </note>
 
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.3.2</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.3.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.3.2</title>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.3.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Restore creation of OID column in CREATE TABLE AS / SELECT INTO</para></listitem>
@@ -14448,37 +15468,37 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add casts between types lo and oid in contrib/lo</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>fastpath code now checks for privilege to call function</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
-  <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
+ <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
+ </para>
 
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.3.1</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.3.1</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
-    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interface library, libpq,
-    has a new major version number for this release, which might require
-    recompilation of client code in certain cases.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
+   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interface library, libpq,
+   has a new major version number for this release, which might require
+   recompilation of client code in certain cases.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix a core dump of COPY TO when client/server encodings don't match (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -14498,265 +15518,265 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>SSL fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Prevent composite column creation via ALTER TABLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
-
- <sect1 id="release-7-3">
-  <title>Release 7.3</title>
-
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
-  </note>
-
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Overview</title>
-
-   <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
-   </para>
-
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Schemas</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
-       so two people or applications can have tables with the same
-       name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
-       Table/index creation can be restricted by removing privileges
-       on the public schema.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Drop Column</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports the
-       <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN</literal> functionality.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Table Functions</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
-       now much easier to use than before.  You can call such a
-       <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
-       <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
-       table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
-       now return sets.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Prepared Queries</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports prepared
-       queries, for improved performance.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now records object
-       dependencies, which allows improvements in many areas.
-       <command>DROP</command> statements now take either
-       <literal>CASCADE</> or <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether
-       dependent objects are also dropped.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Privileges</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
-       functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
-       creator.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Internationalization</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Logging</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Interfaces</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
-       url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
-       where they can be developed and released independently.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
-       identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long.  Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
-       is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
-       to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
-       in function argument and result types.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
 
-   </variablelist>
-  </sect2>
+<sect1 id="release-7-3">
+ <title>Release 7.3</title>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.3</title>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
-    wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
-    application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
-    be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
-    information, see: <ulink
-    url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3"></>.
-   </para>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Overview</title>
 
-   <para>
-    Observe the following incompatibilities:
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Schemas</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
+      Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
+      so two people or applications can have tables with the same
+      name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
+      Table/index creation can be restricted by removing privileges
+      on the public schema.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Drop Column</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
-      name and additional features.  Existing files need to be
-      adjusted.
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports the
+      <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN</literal> functionality.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Table Functions</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
-      have been renamed.
+      Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
+      now much easier to use than before.  You can call such a
+      <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
+      <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
+      table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
+      now return sets.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Prepared Queries</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
-      <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports prepared
+      queries, for improved performance.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
-      specify a value for each specified column. For example,
-      <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
-      is now invalid.  It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
-      expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now records object
+      dependencies, which allows improvements in many areas.
+      <command>DROP</command> statements now take either
+      <literal>CASCADE</> or <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether
+      dependent objects are also dropped.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Privileges</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
-      <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
-      created.
+      Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
+      functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
+      creator.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Internationalization</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
-      is now rolled back.
+      Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Logging</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
-      columns to be null.  All columns need to be specified.
-      (However, one can achieve a similar effect by specifying a
-      column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
+      A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Interfaces</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
-      <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
-      <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
+      A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
+      url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
+      where they can be developed and released independently.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
-      dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
-      constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
-      <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
-      description and a script that will add such dependencies.
+      By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
+      identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long.  Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
+      is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
+      to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
+      in function argument and result types.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
-      the input into an integer field.  Formerly, it was silently
-      interpreted as 0.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
+  </variablelist>
+ </sect2>
 
-   </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.3</title>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
+   wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
+   application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
+   be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
+   information, see: <ulink
+   url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3"></>.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server Operation</title>
+  <para>
+   Observe the following incompatibilities:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
+     name and additional features.  Existing files need to be
+     adjusted.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
+     have been renamed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
+     <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
+     specify a value for each specified column. For example,
+     <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
+     is now invalid.  It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
+     expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
+     <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
+     created.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
+     is now rolled back.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
+     columns to be null.  All columns need to be specified.
+     (However, one can achieve a similar effect by specifying a
+     column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
+     <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
+     <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
+     dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
+     constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
+     <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
+     description and a script that will add such dependencies.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
+     the input into an integer field.  Formerly, it was silently
+     interpreted as 0.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
+
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server Operation</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add pg_locks view to show locks (Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Security fixes for password negotiation memory allocation (Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove support for version 0 FE/BE protocol (<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.2 and earlier) (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Reserve the last few backend slots for superusers, add parameter superuser_reserved_connections to control this (Nigel J. Andrews)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Performance</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Performance</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Improve startup by calling localtime() only once (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Cache system catalog information in flat files for faster startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -14777,10 +15797,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Improve free space map performance on large tables (Stephen Marshall, Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Improved WAL write concurrency (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Privileges</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Privileges</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add privileges on functions and procedural languages (Peter)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add OWNER to CREATE DATABASE so superusers can create databases on behalf of unprivileged users (Gavin Sherry, Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -14788,10 +15808,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT and RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow functions to be executed with the privilege of the function owner (Peter)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server Configuration</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server Configuration</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Server log messages now tagged with LOG, not DEBUG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add user column to pg_hba.conf (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -14810,10 +15830,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Rename show_query_stats to show_statement_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add param log_min_error_statement to print commands to logs on error (Gavin)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Queries</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Queries</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Make cursors insensitive, meaning their contents do not change (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Disable LIMIT #,# syntax; now only LIMIT # OFFSET # supported (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -14834,10 +15854,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow FOR UPDATE to appear after LIMIT/OFFSET (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add variable autocommit (Tom, David Van Wie)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Object Manipulation</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Object Manipulation</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Make equals signs optional in CREATE DATABASE (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE OWNER change index ownership too (Neil)</para></listitem>
@@ -14871,10 +15891,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/adddepend to handle pre-7.3 object dependencies (Rod)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow better casting when inserting/updating values (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Utility Commands</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Utility Commands</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Have COPY TO output embedded carriage returns and newlines as \r and \n (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow DELIMITER in COPY FROM to be 8-bit clean (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
@@ -14911,10 +15931,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix rare index corruption when a page split affects bulk delete (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN for inheritance (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix factorial(0) to return 1 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Date/time/timezone improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
@@ -14957,10 +15977,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix to_char(1,'FM999.99') to return a period (Karel)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix trigger/type/language functions returning OPAQUE to return proper type (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Internationalization</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Internationalization</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add additional encodings: Korean (JOHAB), Thai (WIN874), Vietnamese (TCVN), Arabic (WIN1256), Simplified Chinese (GBK), Korean (UHC) (Eiji Tokuya)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Enable locale support by default (Peter)</para></listitem>
@@ -14975,10 +15995,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>pg_dumpall, pg_controldata, and pg_resetxlog now national-language aware (Peter)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New and updated translations</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server-side Languages</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server-side Languages</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Allow recursive SQL function (Peter)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Change PL/Tcl build to use configured compiler and Makefile.shlib (Peter)</para></listitem>
@@ -14988,10 +16008,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL schema-aware (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove some memory leaks (Nigel J. Andrews, Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>psql</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>psql</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Don't lowercase psql \connect database name for 7.2.0 compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add psql \timing to time user queries (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
@@ -15005,10 +16025,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Have psql reports its version number on startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow \copy to specify column names (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>libpq</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>libpq</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add ~/.pgpass to store host/user password combinations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add PQunescapeBytea() function to libpq (Patrick Welche)</para></listitem>
@@ -15019,10 +16039,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix for SSL with non-blocking connections (Jack Bates)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add libpq connection timeout parameter (Denis A Ustimenko)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>JDBC</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>JDBC</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Allow JDBC to compile with JDK 1.4 (Dave)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add JDBC 3 support (Barry)</para></listitem>
@@ -15035,10 +16055,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix MD5 encryption handling for multibyte servers (Jun Kawai)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add support for prepared statements (Barry)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fixed ECPG bug concerning octal numbers in single quotes (Michael)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -15051,10 +16071,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove src/bin/pgaccess from main tree, now at http://www.pgaccess.org (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add pg_on_connection_loss command to libpgtcl (Gerhard Hintermayer, Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Source Code</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Source Code</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix for parallel make (Peter)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>AIX fixes for linking Tcl (Andreas Zeugswetter)</para></listitem>
@@ -15106,10 +16126,10 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove parameter wal_files because WAL files are now recycled (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add version numbers to heap pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Contrib</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Contrib</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Allow inet arrays in /contrib/array (Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>GiST fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Neil)</para></listitem>
@@ -15133,34 +16153,34 @@ operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fixes to /contrib/cube (Bruno Wolff)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/fulltextindex (Christopher)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-2-8">
-   <title>Release 7.2.8</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-2-8">
+  <title>Release 7.2.8</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-05-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.7, including one
-    security-related issue.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.7, including one
+   security-related issue.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.2.8</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.2.8</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair ancient race condition that allowed a transaction to be
@@ -15186,32 +16206,32 @@ month-related formats</para></listitem>
 (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-2-7">
-   <title>Release 7.2.7</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-2-7">
+  <title>Release 7.2.7</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2005-01-31</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.6, including several
-    security-related issues.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.6, including several
+   security-related issues.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.2.7</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.2.7</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Disallow <command>LOAD</> to non-superusers</para>
@@ -15234,32 +16254,32 @@ in case of nested merge joins could give outright wrong answers.
 datestyles</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-2-6">
-   <title>Release 7.2.6</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-2-6">
+  <title>Release 7.2.6</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.5.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.5.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.2.6</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.2.6</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
@@ -15285,32 +16305,32 @@ concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
 <listitem><para>Update to newer versions of Bison</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-2-5">
-   <title>Release 7.2.5</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-2-5">
+  <title>Release 7.2.5</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.4.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.4.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.2.5</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.2.5</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
@@ -15328,33 +16348,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Repair memory leaks in pg_dump</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
-  <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
+ <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
-   including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
+  including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2.4</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2.4</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.2.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.2.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix some additional cases of VACUUM "No one parent tuple was found" error</para></listitem>
@@ -15366,34 +16386,34 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix integer overflows in circle_poly(), path_encode(), path_add()  (Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Repair long-standing logic errors in lseg_eq(), lseg_ne(), lseg_center()</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
-  <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
+ <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
-   including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
+  including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2.3</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2.3</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.2.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.2.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Prevent possible compressed transaction log loss (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -15403,33 +16423,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Prevent spinlock hangs on SMP PPC machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump FULL JOIN USING (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
-  <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
+ <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2.2</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2.2</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.2.*.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.2.*.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -15446,33 +16466,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix for crash with long DATA strings (Thomas, Neil)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix for repeat(), lpad(), rpad() and long strings (Neil)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
- <sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
-  <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
+ <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
 
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
-  </note>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-  <para>
-   This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
-  </para>
+ <para>
+  This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
+ </para>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2.1</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2.1</title>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
-    running version 7.2.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
+   running version 7.2.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Ensure that sequence counters do not go backwards after a crash (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -15492,183 +16512,183 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix for array subscripts handling (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
-
- <sect1 id="release-7-2">
-  <title>Release 7.2</title>
-
-  <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
-  </note>
-
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Overview</title>
-
-   <para>
-    This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
-    high-volume applications.
-   </para>
-
-   <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
-   </para>
-
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>VACUUM</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
-       access during the vacuum.  A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
-       command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
-       shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Transactions</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
-       four billion transactions.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>OIDs</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       OIDs are now optional.  Users can now create tables without
-       OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Optimizer</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The system now computes histogram column statistics during
-       <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Security</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
-       transfer of passwords.  A new Unix-domain socket
-       authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Statistics</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
-       to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+<sect1 id="release-7-2">
+ <title>Release 7.2</title>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>Internationalization</term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
-       languages.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+ <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
+ </note>
 
-   </variablelist>
-  </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Overview</title>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Migration to version 7.2</title>
+  <para>
+   This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
+   high-volume applications.
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
-    those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    Observe the following incompatibilities:
-   </para>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>VACUUM</term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
+      access during the vacuum.  A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
+      command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
+      shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Transactions</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
-      changed in this release.  You might wish to update your
-      maintenance procedures accordingly.
+      There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
+      four billion transactions.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>OIDs</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
-      will always return false (or NULL, more precisely).  Previous
-      releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
-      NULL</literal>.  The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
-      <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
+      OIDs are now optional.  Users can now create tables without
+      OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Optimizer</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
-      configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
-      <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
+      The system now computes histogram column statistics during
+      <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Security</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
+      A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
+      transfer of passwords.  A new Unix-domain socket
+      authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Statistics</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
-      available.  You will need to rewrite your applications.
+      Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
+      to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>Internationalization</term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
-      and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
-      available.  Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
-      <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
+      Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
+      languages.
      </para>
     </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-   </itemizedlist>
+  </variablelist>
+ </sect2>
 
-   <para>
-    The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
-    in the next release. You should change your queries to use
-    separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
-    20</literal>.
-   </para>
-  </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Migration to Version 7.2</title>
+
+  <para>
+   A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
+   those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Observe the following incompatibilities:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
+     changed in this release.  You might wish to update your
+     maintenance procedures accordingly.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
+     will always return false (or NULL, more precisely).  Previous
+     releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
+     NULL</literal>.  The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
+     <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
+     configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
+     <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
+     available.  You will need to rewrite your applications.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
+     and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
+     available.  Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
+     <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
+   in the next release. You should change your queries to use
+   separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
+   20</literal>.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
 
-  <sect2>
-   <title>Changes</title>
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Changes</title>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server Operation</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server Operation</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Create temporary files in a separate directory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Delete orphaned temporary files on postmaster startup (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -15691,10 +16711,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Superuser ID now fixed at 1 (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New pg_ctl "reload" option (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Performance</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Performance</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New histogram column statistics for optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -15707,10 +16727,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>R-tree performance improvements (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>B-tree splits more efficient (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Privileges</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Privileges</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Change UPDATE, DELETE privileges to be distinct (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New REFERENCES, TRIGGER privileges (Peter E)</para></listitem>
@@ -15721,10 +16741,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix bug in privilege modifications on newly created tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Disallow access to pg_statistic for non-superuser, add user-accessible views (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Client Authentication</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Client Authentication</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fork postmaster before doing authentication to prevent hangs (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add ident authentication over Unix domain sockets on Linux, *BSD (Helge Bahmann, Oliver Elphick, Teodor Sigaev, Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -15733,10 +16753,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>PAM authentication (Dominic J. Eidson)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Load pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf only on startup and SIGHUP (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Server Configuration</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Server Configuration</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Interpretation of some time zone abbreviations as Australian rather than North American now settable at run time (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New parameter to set default transaction isolation level (Peter E)</para></listitem>
@@ -15745,10 +16765,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>New parameter to set client authentication timeout (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New parameter to set maximum number of open files (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Queries</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Queries</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Statements added by INSERT rules now execute after the INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Prevent unadorned relation names in target list (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -15760,10 +16780,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix for LIMIT, DISTINCT ON pushed into subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix nested EXCEPT/INTERSECT (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Fix SERIAL in temporary tables (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow temporary sequences (Bruce)</para></listitem>
@@ -15783,10 +16803,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Allow GiST indexes to handle NULLs and multikey indexes (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Enable partial indexes (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Utility Commands</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Utility Commands</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Add RESET ALL, SHOW ALL (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>CREATE/ALTER USER/GROUP now allow options in any order (Vince)</para></listitem>
@@ -15799,10 +16819,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Fix privilege checks for CREATE INDEX (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Disallow inappropriate use of CREATE/DROP INDEX/TRIGGER/VIEW (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>SUM(), AVG(), COUNT() now uses int8 internally for speed (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add convert(), convert2() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
@@ -15842,10 +16862,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Some datatype() function calls now evaluated differently</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add support for Julian and ISO time specifications (Thomas)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Internationalization</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Internationalization</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>National language support in psql, <application>pg_dump</>, libpq, and server (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Message translations in Chinese (simplified, traditional), Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish (Peter E, Serguei A. Mokhov, Karel Zak, Weiping He, Zhenbang Wei, Kovacs Zoltan)</para></listitem>
@@ -15856,10 +16876,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Make mic2ascii() non-ASCII aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Reject invalid multibyte character sequences (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Now uses portals for SELECT loops, allowing huge result sets (Jan)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>CURSOR and REFCURSOR support (Jan)</para></listitem>
@@ -15873,33 +16893,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Memory leak fix (Jan, Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Make trailing semicolon optional (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>PL/Perl</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>PL/Perl</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>New untrusted PL/Perl (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>PL/Perl is now built on some platforms even if libperl is not shared (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-    </sect3>
+   </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>PL/Tcl</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>PL/Tcl</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Now reports errorInfo (Vsevolod Lobko)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add spi_lastoid function (bob@redivi.com)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>PL/Python</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>PL/Python</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>...is new (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title><application>psql</></title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title><application>psql</></title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>\d displays indexes in unique, primary groupings (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Allow trailing semicolons in backslash commands (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
@@ -15907,18 +16927,18 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Force new password prompt when changing user and database (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Format the correct number of columns for Unicode (Patrice)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title><application>libpq</></title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title><application>libpq</></title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeString() to escape quotes in command strings (Florian Weimer)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeBytea() escapes binary strings for use as SQL string literals</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>JDBC</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>JDBC</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Return OID of INSERT (Ken K)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Handle more data types (Ken K)</para></listitem>
@@ -15953,10 +16973,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Jeremy Wohl)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix to actually use type cache (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>ODBC</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>ODBC</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Remove query size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Remove text field size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
@@ -15969,10 +16989,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add more compatibility functions to odbc.sql (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title><application>ECPG</></title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title><application>ECPG</></title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>EXECUTE ... INTO implemented (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Multiple row descriptor support (e.g. CARDINALITY) (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
@@ -15985,10 +17005,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>All function names with external linkage are now prefixed by ECPG</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fixes for arrays of structures (Michael)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Python fix fetchone() (Gerhard Haring)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Use UTF, Unicode in Tcl where appropriate (Vsevolod Lobko, Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
@@ -15996,10 +17016,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Prevent output of default index op class in <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fix libpgeasy memory leak (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Build and Install</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Build and Install</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Configure, dynamic loader, and shared library fixes (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Fixes in QNX 4 port (Bernd Tegge)</para></listitem>
@@ -16014,10 +17034,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Rename config.h to pg_config.h (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Reorganize installation layout of header files (Peter E)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Source Code</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Source Code</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>Remove SEP_CHAR (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New GUC hooks (Tom)</para></listitem>
@@ -16031,10 +17051,10 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>Add 'volatile' usage in spinlock structures</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Improve signal handling logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
+  </sect3>
 
-   <sect3>
-    <title>Contrib</title>
+  <sect3>
+   <title>Contrib</title>
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>New contrib/rtree_gist (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>New contrib/tsearch full-text indexing (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
@@ -16047,33 +17067,33 @@ since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
 <listitem><para>New pg_upgrade utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Add new pg_resetxlog options (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
-   </sect3>
-  </sect2>
- </sect1>
+  </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
-   <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
+  <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.1.3</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.1.3</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.1.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.1.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Remove unused WAL segments of large transactions (Tom)
 Multiaction rule fix (Tom)
 PL/pgSQL memory allocation fix (Jan)
@@ -16084,77 +17104,77 @@ Fix subselects with DISTINCT ON or LIMIT (Tom)
 BeOS fix
 Disable COPY TO/FROM a view (Tom)
 Cygwin build (Jason Tishler)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
-   <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
+  <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has one fix from 7.1.1.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has one fix from 7.1.1.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.1.2</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.1.2</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.1.X.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.1.X.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Fix PL/pgSQL SELECTs when returning no rows
 Fix for psql backslash core dump
 Referential integrity privilege fix
 Optimizer fixes
 pg_dump cleanups
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
-   <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
+  <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.1.1</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.1.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.1.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.1.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Fix for numeric MODULO operator (Tom)
 pg_dump fixes (Philip)
 pg_dump can dump 7.0 databases (Philip)
@@ -16169,119 +17189,119 @@ Fix for pg_ctl and option strings with spaces (Peter E)
 ODBC fixes (Hiroshi)
 EXTRACT can now take string argument (Thomas)
 Python fixes (Darcy)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-1">
-   <title>Release 7.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-1">
+  <title>Release 7.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-        This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> code for many years.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+       This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> code for many years.
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       Write-ahead Log (WAL)
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      Write-ahead Log (WAL)
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
 To maintain database consistency in case of an operating system crash,
 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> have forced
 all data modifications to disk before each transaction commit.  With
 WAL, only one log file must be flushed to disk, greatly improving
 performance.  If you have been using -F in previous releases to
 disable disk flushes, you might want to consider discontinuing its use.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       TOAST
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      TOAST
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
 typically 8k - 32k. This limit made storage of long text fields
 difficult.  With TOAST, long rows of any length can be stored with good
 performance.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       Outer Joins
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      Outer Joins
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
 We now support outer joins.  The UNION/NOT IN
 workaround for outer joins is no longer required.  We use the SQL92
 outer join syntax.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       Function Manager
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      Function Manager
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
 The previous C function manager did not
 handle null values properly, nor did it support 64-bit <acronym>CPU</acronym>'s (Alpha).  The new
 function manager does.  You can continue using your old custom
 functions, but you might want to rewrite them in the future to use the new
 function manager call interface.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-       Complex Queries
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+      Complex Queries
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
 A large number of complex queries that were
 unsupported in previous releases now work.  Many combinations of views,
 aggregates, UNION, LIMIT, cursors, subqueries, and inherited tables
 now work properly. Inherited tables are now accessed by default.
 Subqueries in FROM are now supported.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-   </variablelist>
+  </variablelist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.1</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-        A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
-        data from any previous release.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+       A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
+       data from any previous release.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Many multibyte/Unicode/locale fixes (Tatsuo and others)
@@ -16291,7 +17311,7 @@ Fix for INSERT INTO...SELECT where targetlist has subqueries (Tom)
 Prompt username/password on standard error (Bruce)
 Large objects inv_read/inv_write fixes (Tom)
 Fixes for to_char(), to_date(), to_ascii(), and to_timestamp() (Karel,
-    Daniel Baldoni)
+   Daniel Baldoni)
 Prevent query expressions from leaking memory (Tom)
 Allow UPDATE of arrays elements (Tom)
 Wake up lock waiters during cancel (Hiroshi)
@@ -16307,7 +17327,7 @@ Allow PL/pgSQL accept non-ASCII identifiers (Tatsuo)
 Allow views to proper handle GROUP BY, aggregates, DISTINCT (Tom)
 Fix rare failure with TRUNCATE command (Tom)
 Allow UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT to be used with ALL, subqueries, views,
-    DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
+   DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
 Fix parser failures during aborted transactions (Tom)
 Allow temporary relations to properly clean up indexes (Bruce)
 Fix VACUUM problem with moving rows in same page (Tom)
@@ -16341,16 +17361,16 @@ Improve CLUSTER (Tom)
 Improve ps status display for more platforms (Peter E, Marc)
 Improve CREATE FUNCTION failure message (Ross)
 JDBC improvements (Peter, Travis Bauer, Christopher Cain, William Webber,
-    Gunnar)
+   Gunnar)
 Grand Unified Configuration scheme/GUC.  Many options can now be set in
-    data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
+   data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
 Improved handling of file descriptor cache (Tom)
 New warning code about auto-created table alias entries (Bruce)
 Overhaul initdb process (Tom, Peter E)
 Overhaul of inherited tables; inherited tables now accessed by default;
-   new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
+  new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
 ODBC cleanups/improvements (Nick Gorham, Stephan Szabo, Zoltan Kovacs,
-    Michael Fork)
+   Michael Fork)
 Allow renaming of temp tables (Tom)
 Overhaul memory manager contexts (Tom)
 pg_dumpall uses CREATE USER or CREATE GROUP rather using COPY (Peter E)
@@ -16375,7 +17395,7 @@ Allow functional indexes to use binary-compatible type (Tom)
 Allow SQL functions to be used in more contexts (Tom)
 New pg_config utility (Peter E)
 New PL/pgSQL EXECUTE command which allows dynamic SQL and utility statements
-    (Jan)
+   (Jan)
 New PL/pgSQL GET DIAGNOSTICS statement for SPI value access (Jan)
 New quote_identifiers() and quote_literal() functions (Jan)
 New ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user command (Mark Hollomon)
@@ -16394,7 +17414,7 @@ New AT TIME ZONE syntax (Thomas)
 Allow location of Unix domain socket to be configurable (David J. MacKenzie)
 Allow postmaster to listen on a specific IP address (David J. MacKenzie)
 Allow socket path name to be specified in hostname by using leading slash
-    (David J. MacKenzie)
+   (David J. MacKenzie)
 Allow CREATE DATABASE to specify template database (Tom)
 New utility to convert MySQL schema dumps to SQL92 and PostgreSQL (Thomas)
 New /contrib/rserv replication toolkit (Vadim)
@@ -16421,7 +17441,7 @@ New CIDR abbrev() function (Tom)
 Performance
 -----------
 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) to provide crash recovery with less performance
-    overhead (Vadim)
+   overhead (Vadim)
 ANALYZE stage of VACUUM no longer exclusively locks table (Bruce)
 Reduced file seeks (Denis Perchine)
 Improve BTREE code for duplicate keys (Tom)
@@ -16467,39 +17487,39 @@ New contrib/pg_logger
 New --template option to createdb
 New contrib/pg_control utility (Oliver)
 New FreeBSD tools ipc_check, start-scripts/freebsd
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
-   <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
+  <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.0.3</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.0.3</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.0.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.0.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Jdbc fixes (Peter)
 Large object fix (Tom)
 Fix lean in COPY WITH OIDS leak (Tom)
@@ -16515,11 +17535,11 @@ Fix for memory allocation problem in user authentication code (Tom)
 Remove bogus use of int4out() (Tom)
 Fixes for multiple subqueries in COALESCE or BETWEEN (Tom)
 Fix for failure of triggers on heap open in certain cases (Jeroen van
-    Vianen)
+   Vianen)
 Fix for erroneous selectivity of not-equals (Tom)
 Fix for erroneous use of strcmp() (Tom)
 Fix for bug where storage manager accesses items beyond end of file
-    (Tom)
+   (Tom)
 Fix to include kernel errno message in all smgr elog messages (Tom)
 Fix for '.' not in PATH at build time (SL Baur)
 Fix for out-of-file-descriptors error (Tom)
@@ -16530,81 +17550,81 @@ Fix TRUNCATE failure on relations with indexes (Tom)
 Avoid database-wide restart on write error (Hiroshi)
 Fix nodeMaterial to honor chgParam by recomputing its output (Tom)
 Fix VACUUM problem with moving chain of update row versions when source
-    and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
+   and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
 Fix user.c CommandCounterIncrement (Tom)
 Fix for AM/PM boundary problem in to_char() (Karel Zak)
 Fix TIME aggregate handling (Tom)
 Fix to_char() to avoid coredump on NULL input (Tom)
 Buffer fix (Tom)
 Fix for inserting/copying longer multibyte strings into char() data
-    types (Tatsuo)
+   types (Tatsuo)
 Fix for crash of backend, on abort (Tom)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
-   <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
+  <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.0.2</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.0.2</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Added documentation to tarball.
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
-   <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
+  <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.0.1</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.0.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     7.0.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    7.0.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Fix many CLUSTER failures (Tom)
 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME works on indexes (Tom)
 Fix plpgsql to handle datetime-&gt;timestamp and timespan-&gt;interval (Bruce)
@@ -16627,160 +17647,160 @@ Copy pg_ident.conf.sample into /lib directory in install (Bruce)
 Add SJIS UDC (NEC selection IBM kanji) support (Eiji Tokuya)
 Fix too long syslog message (Tatsuo)
 Fix problem with quoted indexes that are too long (Tom)
-JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow & Floyd Marinescu)
+JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow &amp; Floyd Marinescu)
 ecpg changes (Michael)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-7-0">
-   <title>Release 7.0</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-7-0">
+  <title>Release 7.0</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
-    the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-    There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
-    release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
-    release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
-    this one is no exception.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
+   the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+   There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
+   release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
+   release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
+   this one is no exception.
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    Major changes in this release:
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   Major changes in this release:
+  </para>
 
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Foreign Keys
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
-       foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
-       pleased to offer it.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Foreign Keys
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
+      foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
+      pleased to offer it.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Optimizer Overhaul
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
-       improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
-       with less memory usage.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Optimizer Overhaul
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
+      improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
+      with less memory usage.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Updated <application>psql</application>
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
-       updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Updated <application>psql</application>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
+      updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
 
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      Join Syntax
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
-       <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
-       <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
-       and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
-       column correlation names.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     Join Syntax
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
+      <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
+      <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
+      and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
+      column correlation names.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-    </varlistentry>
-   </variablelist>
+   </varlistentry>
+  </variablelist>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 7.0</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 7.0</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
-     is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
-     previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-     For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you can instead use
-     <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
-     release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
-     most robust method for upgrades.
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
+    is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
+    previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+    For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you can instead use
+    <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
+    release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
+    most robust method for upgrades.
+   </para>
 
-    <para>
-     Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
-     release include:
-    </para>
+   <para>
+    Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
+    release include:
+   </para>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
-       <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
-       SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
-       <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
-       ease the transition by allowing
-       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
-       the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
-       names, this mechanism cannot be completely transparent to
-       your existing application.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
+      <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
+      SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
+      <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
+      ease the transition by allowing
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
+      the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
+      names, this mechanism cannot be completely transparent to
+      your existing application.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
-       query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
-       decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
-       for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
-       usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
-       query times might go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
-       of data, you might want to check your queries to verify
-       performance.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
+      query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
+      decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
+      for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
+      usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
+      query times might go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
+      of data, you might want to check your queries to verify
+      performance.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
-       interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
+      interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
-       native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
-       to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
-       ambiguity with other types implementing
-       <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </sect2>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
+      native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
+      to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
+      ambiguity with other types implementing
+      <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Prevent function calls exceeding maximum number of arguments (Tom)
@@ -16896,8 +17916,8 @@ Added psql LASTOID variable to return last inserted oid (Peter E)
 Allow concurrent vacuum and remove pg_vlock vacuum lock file (Tom)
 Add privilege check for vacuum (Peter E)
 New libpq functions to allow asynchronous connections: PQconnectStart(),
-   PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
-   PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
+  PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
+  PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
 New libpq PQsetenv() function (Ewan Mellor)
 create/alter user extension (Peter E)
 New postmaster.pid and postmaster.opts under $PGDATA (Tatsuo)
@@ -16915,7 +17935,7 @@ All administration scripts now support --long options (Peter E, Karel)
 Vacuumdb script now supports --all option (Peter E)
 ecpg new portable FETCH syntax
 Add ecpg EXEC SQL IFDEF, EXEC SQL IFNDEF, EXEC SQL ELSE, EXEC SQL ELIF
-        and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
+       and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
 Add pg_ctl script to control backend start-up (Tatsuo)
 Add postmaster.opts.default file to store start-up flags (Tatsuo)
 Allow --with-mb=SQL_ASCII
@@ -16937,7 +17957,7 @@ Allow COPY IN to read file that do not end with a newline (Tom)
 Indicate when long identifiers are truncated (Tom)
 Allow aggregates to use type equivalency (Peter E)
 Add Oracle's to_char(), to_date(), to_datetime(), to_timestamp(), to_number()
-        conversion functions (Karel Zak &lt;zakkr@zf.jcu.cz&gt;)
+       conversion functions (Karel Zak &lt;zakkr@zf.jcu.cz&gt;)
 Add SELECT DISTINCT ON (expr [, expr ...]) targetlist ... (Tom)
 Check to be sure ORDER BY is compatible with the DISTINCT operation (Tom)
 Add NUMERIC and int8 types to ODBC
@@ -17098,75 +18118,75 @@ NT fixes
 NetBSD fixes (Johnny C. Lam <email>lamj@stat.cmu.edu</email>)
 Fixes for Alpha compiles
 New multibyte encodings
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
-   <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
+  <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2.  We have added a new
-    <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2.  We have added a new
+   <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.5.3</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.5.3</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     6.5.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    6.5.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
 NT-specific patch
 Fix dumping rules on inherited tables
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
-   <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
+  <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1.  We have fixed a variety of
-    problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1.  We have fixed a variety of
+   problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
+  </para>
 
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.5.2</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.5.2</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     6.5.*.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    6.5.*.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 subselect+CASE fixes(Tom)
 Add SHLIB_LINK setting for solaris_i386 and solaris_sparc ports(Daren Sefcik)
 Fixes for CASE in WHERE join clauses(Tom)
@@ -17188,41 +18208,41 @@ Fix for unary operators in rule deparser(Tom)
 Comment out FileUnlink of excess segments during mdtruncate()(Tom)
 IRIX linking fix from Yu Cao &gt;yucao@falcon.kla-tencor.com&lt;
 Repair logic error in LIKE: should not return LIKE_ABORT
-   when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
+  when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
 Repair incorrect cleanup of heap memory allocation during transaction abort(Tom)
 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
-   <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
+  <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.  We have fixed a variety of
-    problems reported by 6.5 users.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.  We have fixed a variety of
+   problems reported by 6.5 users.
+  </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.5.1</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.5.1</title>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
-     6.5.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
+    6.5.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Add NT README file
 Portability fixes for linux_ppc, IRIX, linux_alpha, OpenBSD, alpha
 Remove QUERY_LIMIT, use SELECT...LIMIT
@@ -17246,244 +18266,244 @@ Shared library dependencies fixed (Tom)
 Fixed glitches affecting GROUP BY in subselects(Tom)
 Fix some compiler warnings (Tomoaki Nishiyama)
 Add Win1250 (Czech) support (Pavel Behal)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-5">
-   <title>Release 6.5</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-5">
+  <title>Release 6.5</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
-    code we inherited from Berkeley.  You will see we are now easily adding
-    major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
-    world-wide development team.
-   </para>
+  <para>
+   This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
+   code we inherited from Berkeley.  You will see we are now easily adding
+   major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
+   world-wide development team.
+  </para>
 
-   <para>
-    Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
+  <para>
+   Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
 
-    <variablelist>
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        This removes our old table-level locking, and replaces it with
-        a locking system that is superior to most commercial database
-        systems.  In a traditional system, each row that is modified
-        is locked until committed, preventing reads by other users.
-        MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to allow readers to
-        continue reading consistent data during writer activity.
-        Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction system.
-        This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
-        every row like traditional database systems.  So, basically,
-        we no longer are restricted by simple table-level locking; we
-        have something better than row-level locking.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This removes our old table-level locking, and replaces it with
+       a locking system that is superior to most commercial database
+       systems.  In a traditional system, each row that is modified
+       is locked until committed, preventing reads by other users.
+       MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of
+       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to allow readers to
+       continue reading consistent data during writer activity.
+       Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction system.
+       This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
+       every row like traditional database systems.  So, basically,
+       we no longer are restricted by simple table-level locking; we
+       have something better than row-level locking.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
-        MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
-        the database stays online and available for queries.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
+       MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
+       the database stays online and available for queries.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Numeric data type
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        We now have a true numeric data type, with
-        user-specified precision.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Numeric data type
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       We now have a true numeric data type, with
+       user-specified precision.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Temporary tables
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
-        within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Temporary tables
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
+       within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       New SQL features
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
-        support.  We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
-        SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      New SQL features
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
+       support.  We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
+       SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Speedups
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        We continue to speed up <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>,
-        thanks to the variety of talents within our team.  We have
-        sped up memory allocation, optimization, table joins, and row
-        transfer routines.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Speedups
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       We continue to speed up <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>,
+       thanks to the variety of talents within our team.  We have
+       sped up memory allocation, optimization, table joins, and row
+       transfer routines.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Ports
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        We continue to expand our port list, this time including
-        <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Ports
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       We continue to expand our port list, this time including
+       <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Interfaces
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
-        has been improved.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Interfaces
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
+       has been improved.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
-      <term>
-       Documentation
-      </term>
-      <listitem>
-       <para>
-        New and updated material is present throughout the
-        documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
-        contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
-        The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
-        on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
-        For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
-        reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
-        programs, and a new appendix
-        contains details on date/time behavior.
-        The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
-        chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
-        And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
-        description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
-        on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
-        tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
-        <productname>CVSup</productname>.
-       </para>
-      </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-    </variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Documentation
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       New and updated material is present throughout the
+       documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
+       contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
+       The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
+       on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
+       For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
+       reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
+       programs, and a new appendix
+       contains details on date/time behavior.
+       The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
+       chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
+       And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
+       description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
+       on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
+       tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
+       <productname>CVSup</productname>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+  </para>
+
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.5</title>
+
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
+    is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
+    previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+    <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
+    be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
+    of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
    </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.5</title>
+   <para>
+    The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
+    give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
+    environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
+     to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
+     behavior you need.</emphasis>
+   </para>
+
+   <sect3>
+    <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
 
     <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
-     is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
-     previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-     <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
-     be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
-     of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
+     Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
+     isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
+     another. In other words, if a row is returned by
+     <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
+     at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
+     transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
+     updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
+     a commit or rollback.
     </para>
 
     <para>
-     The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
-     give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
-     environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
-      to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
-      behavior you need.</emphasis>
+     To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
+     concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
+     an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
+     taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
+     <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
     </para>
 
-    <sect3>
-     <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
-
-     <para>
-      Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
-      isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
-      another. In other words, if a row is returned by
-      <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
-      at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
-      transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
-      updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
-      a commit or rollback.
-     </para>
-
-     <para>
-      To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
-      concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
-      an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
-      taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
-      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
-     </para>
-
-     <para>
-      Keep the above in mind if you are using
-      <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
-      referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
-      to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
-      command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
-      use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
-      transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
-
-      <note>
-       <para>
-        Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
-        execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
-        <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
-        (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
-        transaction.
-       </para>
-      </note>
-     </para>
+    <para>
+     Keep the above in mind if you are using
+     <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
+     referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
+     to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
+     command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
+     use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
+     transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
+
+     <note>
+      <para>
+       Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
+       execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
+       <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
+       (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
+       transaction.
+      </para>
+     </note>
+    </para>
 
-     <para>
-      These inconveniences will disappear in the future
-      when the ability to read dirty
-      (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
-      integrity will be implemented.
-     </para>
-    </sect3>
-    </sect2>
+    <para>
+     These inconveniences will disappear in the future
+     when the ability to read dirty
+     (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
+     integrity will be implemented.
+    </para>
+   </sect3>
+   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Fix text&lt;-&gt;float8 and text&lt;-&gt;float4 conversion functions(Thomas)
@@ -17592,7 +18612,7 @@ New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar types(Thomas)
 New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
 Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
 Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set at configure time
-      (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
+     (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
 GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer speedups(Tom)
 Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
 Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either "automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
@@ -17645,19 +18665,19 @@ Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
 Better support for HP-UX 11 and UnixWare
 Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent file descriptor leak(Tom)
 New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 
 <sect1 id="release-6-4-2">
 <title>Release 6.4.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 The 6.4.1 release was improperly packaged.  This also has one additional
@@ -17666,7 +18686,7 @@ bug fix.
 
 
 <sect2>
-<title>Migration to version 6.4.2</title>
+<title>Migration to Version 6.4.2</title>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
@@ -17689,10 +18709,10 @@ Fix for datetime constant problem on some platforms(Thomas)
 <sect1 id="release-6-4-1">
 <title>Release 6.4.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.4.  We have fixed a variety of
@@ -17701,7 +18721,7 @@ problems reported by 6.4 users.
 
 
 <sect2>
-<title>Migration to version 6.4.1</title>
+<title>Migration to Version 6.4.1</title>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
@@ -17714,12 +18734,12 @@ A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
 <para>
 <programlisting>
 Add pg_dump -N flag to force double quotes around identifiers.  This is
-        the default(Thomas)
+       the default(Thomas)
 Fix for NOT in where clause causing crash(Bruce)
 EXPLAIN VERBOSE coredump fix(Vadim)
 Fix shared-library problems on Linux
 Fix test for table existence to allow mixed-case and whitespace in
-        the table name(Thomas)
+       the table name(Thomas)
 Fix a couple of pg_dump bugs
 Configure matches template/.similar entries better(Tom)
 Change builtin function names from SPI_* to spi_*
@@ -17753,10 +18773,10 @@ Upgrade to PyGreSQL 2.2(D'Arcy)
 <sect1 id="release-6-4">
 <title>Release 6.4</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
@@ -17835,7 +18855,7 @@ been.
 </para>
 
 <sect2>
-<title>Migration to version 6.4</title>
+<title>Migration to Version 6.4</title>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
@@ -17845,11 +18865,11 @@ previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
+  <sect2>
 <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
@@ -17962,22 +18982,22 @@ Indexes for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
 New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
 Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
 New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
-        * Rules on relations work
-        * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
-        * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
-        * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
-        * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
-        * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
-        * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
-        * Rules and views inherit the privileges of the creator
-        * No rules at the column level
-        * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
-        * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
-        * Only a single action on SELECT rules
-        * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
-        * handle subselects
-        * handle aggregates on views
-        * handle insert into select from view works
+       * Rules on relations work
+       * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
+       * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
+       * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
+       * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
+       * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
+       * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
+       * Rules and views inherit the privileges of the creator
+       * No rules at the column level
+       * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
+       * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
+       * Only a single action on SELECT rules
+       * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
+       * handle subselects
+       * handle aggregates on views
+       * handle insert into select from view works
 System indexes are now multikey(Bruce)
 Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
 Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
@@ -18050,10 +19070,10 @@ new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
 <sect1 id="release-6-3-2">
 <title>Release 6.3.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 This is a bug-fix release for 6.3.x.
@@ -18089,11 +19109,11 @@ For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
 </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Configure detection improvements for tcl/tk(Brook Milligan, Alvin)
 Manual page improvements(Bruce)
 BETWEEN and LIKE fix(Thomas)
@@ -18112,21 +19132,21 @@ libreadline cleanup(Erwan MAS)
 Remove DISTDIR(Bruce)
 Makefile dependency cleanup(Jeroen van Vianen)
 ASSERT fixes(Bruce)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
-   <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
+  <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-   <para>
-    Summary:
+  <para>
+   Summary:
 
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem>
@@ -18166,11 +19186,11 @@ For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
 </para>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 ecpg cleanup/fixes, now version 1.1(Michael Meskes)
 pg_user cleanup(Bruce)
 large object fix for pg_dump and tclsh (alvin)
@@ -18198,154 +19218,154 @@ Fix Alpha port(Dwayne Bailey)
 Fix for text arrays containing quotes(Doug Gibson)
 Solaris compile fix(Albert Chin-A-Young)
 Better identify tcl and tk libs and includes(Bruce)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
-
-  <sect1 id="release-6-3">
-   <title>Release 6.3</title>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
-   </note>
+ <sect1 id="release-6-3">
+  <title>Release 6.3</title>
 
-   <para>
-    There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
-    Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
+  </note>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Many new SQL features, including
-       full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
-       (everything is here but target-list subselects).
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+  <para>
+   There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
+   Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Many new SQL features, including
+      full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
+      (everything is here but target-list subselects).
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
-       so you might need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
-       <option>-i</option> flag.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table privileges have changed.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
+      so you might need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
+      <option>-i</option> flag.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
-       has been removed. Performance has been improved.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </itemizedlist>
-   </para>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table privileges have changed.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
 
-   <note>
-    <para>
-     Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
-    </para>
-   </note>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
+      has been removed. Performance has been improved.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </para>
 
+  <note>
    <para>
-    There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention.  These are
-    only the big items that cannot be described in one sentence.  A review
-    of the detailed changes list is still needed.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    First, we now have subselects.  Now that we have them, I would like to
-    mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
-    Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
-    places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries.  I
-    think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you might
-    think.  Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
-    functional ones too.  The only thing you cannot do with subselects is to
-    use them in the target list.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default.  To
-    enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
-    postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.  Also, for this
-    reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
-    <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
-    any columns after the first column of this type.  <type>char()</type> used to also
-    have this access penalty, but it no longer does.  This might suggest that
-    you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
-    columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>.  This and other
-    changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file.  There are
-    new SQL USER commands.
-    See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
-    information.  There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
-    user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
-    by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user.  pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
-    SELECT-able by PUBLIC.  You should keep using pg_user in your
-    application without changes.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    User-created tables now no longer have SELECT privilege to PUBLIC by
-    default.  This was done because the ANSI standard requires it.  You can
-    of course GRANT any privileges you want after the table is created.
-    System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    We also have real deadlock detection code.  No more sixty-second
-    timeouts.  And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
-    should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
-    releases.  Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
-    release.  Check out the doc/ directory.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
-    using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>).  Please check out the new
-    \d command for types, operators, etc.  Also, views have their own
-    privileges now, not based on the underlying tables, so privileges on
-    them have to be set separately.  Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
-    ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    This is the first release that really required an explanation for
-    existing users.  In many ways, this was necessary because the new
-    release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
-    are no longer needed.
+    Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
    </para>
+  </note>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Migration to version 6.3</title>
+  <para>
+   There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention.  These are
+   only the big items that cannot be described in one sentence.  A review
+   of the detailed changes list is still needed.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   First, we now have subselects.  Now that we have them, I would like to
+   mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
+   Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
+   places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries.  I
+   think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you might
+   think.  Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
+   functional ones too.  The only thing you cannot do with subselects is to
+   use them in the target list.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default.  To
+   enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
+   postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.  Also, for this
+   reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
+   <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
+   any columns after the first column of this type.  <type>char()</type> used to also
+   have this access penalty, but it no longer does.  This might suggest that
+   you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
+   columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>.  This and other
+   changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file.  There are
+   new SQL USER commands.
+   See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
+   information.  There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
+   user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
+   by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user.  pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
+   SELECT-able by PUBLIC.  You should keep using pg_user in your
+   application without changes.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   User-created tables now no longer have SELECT privilege to PUBLIC by
+   default.  This was done because the ANSI standard requires it.  You can
+   of course GRANT any privileges you want after the table is created.
+   System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   We also have real deadlock detection code.  No more sixty-second
+   timeouts.  And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
+   should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
+   releases.  Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
+   release.  Check out the doc/ directory.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
+   using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>).  Please check out the new
+   \d command for types, operators, etc.  Also, views have their own
+   privileges now, not based on the underlying tables, so privileges on
+   them have to be set separately.  Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
+   ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   This is the first release that really required an explanation for
+   existing users.  In many ways, this was necessary because the new
+   release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
+   are no longer needed.
+  </para>
 
-    <para>
-     A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
-     or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
-     is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
-     previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Migration to Version 6.3</title>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+   <para>
+    A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
+    or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
+    is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
+    previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
+
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Fix binary cursors broken by MOVE implementation(Vadim)
@@ -18365,19 +19385,19 @@ Fix for count(*), aggs with views and multiple tables and sum(3)(Bruce)
 Fix cluster(Bruce)
 Fix for PQtrace start/stop several times(Bruce)
 Fix a variety of locking problems like newer lock waiters getting
-        lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
-        locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
-        getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
+       lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
+       locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
+       getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
 Fix crashes in psql when executing queries from external files(James)
 Fix problem with multiple order by columns, with the first one having
-        NULL values(Jeroen)
+       NULL values(Jeroen)
 Use correct hash table support functions for float8 and int4(Thomas)
 Re-enable JOIN= option in CREATE OPERATOR statement (Thomas)
 Change precedence for boolean operators to match expected behavior(Thomas)
 Generate elog(ERROR) on over-large integer(Bruce)
 Allow multiple-argument functions in constraint clauses(Thomas)
 Check boolean input literals for 'true','false','yes','no','1','0'
-        and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
+       and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
 Major large objects fix
 Fix for GROUP BY showing duplicates(Vadim)
 Fix for index scans in MergeJoin(Vadim)
@@ -18389,7 +19409,7 @@ New User Manual(Thomas, others)
 Speedup by inlining some frequently-called functions
 Real deadlock detection, no more timeouts(Bruce)
 Add SQL92 "constants" CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-        CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
+       CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
 Modify constraint syntax to be SQL92-compliant(Thomas)
 Implement SQL92 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE clauses using indexes(Thomas)
 Recognize SQL92 syntax for FOREIGN KEY. Throw elog notice(Thomas)
@@ -18401,11 +19421,11 @@ Allow shorter strings for boolean literals (e.g. "t", "tr", "tru")(Thomas)
 Allow SQL92 delimited identifiers(Thomas)
 Implement SQL92 binary and hexadecimal string decoding (b'10' and x'1F')(Thomas)
 Support SQL92 syntax for type coercion of literal strings
-        (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
+       (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
 Add conversions for int2, int4, and OID types to and from text(Thomas)
 Use shared lock when building indexes(Vadim)
 Free memory allocated for an user query inside transaction block after
-        this query is done, was turned off in &lt;= 6.2.1(Vadim)
+       this query is done, was turned off in &lt;= 6.2.1(Vadim)
 New SQL statement CREATE PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE(Jan)
 New <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Procedural Language (PL) backend interface(Jan)
 Rename pg_dump -H option to -h(Bruce)
@@ -18423,10 +19443,10 @@ Implement SET keyword = DEFAULT and SET TIME ZONE DEFAULT(Thomas)
 Enable SET TIME ZONE using TZ environment variable(Thomas)
 Add PGDATESTYLE environment variable to frontend and backend initialization(Thomas)
 Add PGTZ, PGCOSTHEAP, PGCOSTINDEX, PGRPLANS, PGGEQO
-        frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
+       frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
 Regression tests time zone automatically set with "setenv PGTZ PST8PDT"(Thomas)
 Add pg_description table for info on tables, columns, operators, types, and
-        aggregates(Bruce)
+       aggregates(Bruce)
 Increase 16 char limit on system table/index names to 32 characters(Bruce)
 Rename system indexes(Bruce)
 Add 'GERMAN' option to SET DATESTYLE(Thomas)
@@ -18437,7 +19457,7 @@ Implement day of year as possible input to date_part()(Thomas)
 Define timespan_finite() and text_timespan() functions(Thomas)
 Remove archive stuff(Bruce)
 Allow for a pg_password authentication database that is separate from
-        the system password file(Todd)
+       the system password file(Todd)
 Dump ACLs, GRANT, REVOKE privileges(Matt)
 Define text, varchar, and bpchar string length functions(Thomas)
 Fix Query handling for inheritance, and cost computations(Bruce)
@@ -18469,9 +19489,9 @@ Remove pg_time table(Vadim)
 Add pg_type attribute to identify types that need length (bpchar, varchar)
 Add report of offending line when COPY command fails
 Allow VIEW privileges to be set separately from the underlying tables.
-        For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
+       For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
 Tables now have no default GRANT SELECT TO PUBLIC.  You must
-        explicitly grant such privileges.
+       explicitly grant such privileges.
 Clean up tutorial examples(Darren)
 
 Source Tree Changes
@@ -18479,12 +19499,12 @@ Source Tree Changes
 Add new html development tools, and flow chart in /tools/backend
 Fix for SCO compiles
 Stratus computer port Robert Gillies
-Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived & i386_solaris
+Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived &amp; i386_solaris
 Make configure more automated(Brook)
 Add script to check regression test results
 Break parser functions into smaller files, group together(Bruce)
 Rename heap_create to heap_create_and_catalog, rename heap_creatr
-        to heap_create()(Bruce)
+       to heap_create()(Bruce)
 Sparc/Linux patch for locking(TomS)
 Remove PORTNAME and reorganize port-specific stuff(Marc)
 Add optimizer README file(Bruce)
@@ -18493,7 +19513,7 @@ Fix for NetBSD locking(Henry)
 Fix for libptcl make(Tatsuo)
 AIX patch(Darren)
 Change IS TRUE, IS FALSE, ... to expressions using "=" rather than
-        function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
+       function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
 Various fixes NetBSD/Sparc related(TomH)
 Alpha linux locking(Travis,Ryan)
 Change elog(WARN) to elog(ERROR)(Bruce)
@@ -18518,10 +19538,10 @@ Remove un-needed malloc() calls and replace with palloc()(Bruce)
 <sect1 id="release-6-2-1">
 <title>Release 6.2.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 6.2.1 is a bug-fix and usability release on 6.2.
@@ -18567,8 +19587,8 @@ Another way to avoid dump/reload is to use the following SQL command
 from <command>psql</command> to update the existing system table:
 
 <programlisting>
-  update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
-   where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
+ update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
+  where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
 </programlisting>
 </para>
 <para>
@@ -18576,11 +19596,11 @@ This will need to be done to every existing database, including template1.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Allow TIME and TYPE column names(Thomas)
 Allow larger range of true/false as boolean values(Thomas)
 Support output of "now" and "current"(Thomas)
@@ -18592,18 +19612,18 @@ Fix avg(cash) computation(Thomas)
 Fix for specifying a column twice in ORDER/GROUP BY(Vadim)
 Documented new libpq function to return affected rows, PQcmdTuples(Bruce)
 Trigger function for inserting user names for INSERT/UPDATE(Brook Milligan)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 <sect1 id="release-6-2">
 <title>Release 6.2</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
@@ -18632,56 +19652,56 @@ because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 Fix problems with pg_dump for inheritance, sequences, archive tables(Bruce)
 Fix compile errors on overflow due to shifts, unsigned, and bad prototypes
-         from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
+        from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
 Fix bugs in geometric line arithmetic (bad intersection calculations)(Thomas)
 Check for geometric intersections at endpoints to avoid rounding ugliness(Thomas)
 Catch non-functional delete attempts(Vadim)
 Change time function names to be more consistent(Michael Reifenberg)
 Check for zero divides(Michael Reifenberg)
 Fix very old bug which made rows changed/inserted by a command
-        visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
-        updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
+       visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
+       updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
 Fix for SELECT null, 'fail' FROM pg_am (Patrick)
 SELECT NULL as EMPTY_FIELD now allowed(Patrick)
 Remove un-needed signal stuff from contrib/pginterface
 Fix OR (where x != 1 or x isnull didn't return rows with x NULL) (Vadim)
 Fix time_cmp function (Vadim)
 Fix handling of functions with non-attribute first argument in
-        WHERE clauses (Vadim)
+       WHERE clauses (Vadim)
 Fix GROUP BY when order of entries is different from order
-        in target list (Vadim)
+       in target list (Vadim)
 Fix pg_dump for aggregates without sfunc1 (Vadim)
 
 Enhancements
 ------------
 Default genetic optimizer GEQO parameter is now 8(Bruce)
 Allow use parameters in target list having aggregates in functions(Vadim)
-Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian & Peter)
+Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian &amp; Peter)
 pg_password utility
 Return number of rows inserted/affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE etc.(Vadim)
 Triggers implemented with CREATE TRIGGER (SQL3)(Vadim)
 SPI (Server Programming Interface) allows execution of queries inside
-        C-functions (Vadim)
+       C-functions (Vadim)
 NOT NULL implemented (SQL92)(Robson Paniago de Miranda)
 Include reserved words for string handling, outer joins, and unions(Thomas)
 Implement extended comments ("/* ... */") using exclusive states(Thomas)
 Add "//" single-line comments(Bruce)
 Remove some restrictions on characters in operator names(Thomas)
-DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim & Thomas)
+DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim &amp; Thomas)
 Add text concatenation operator and function (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Support WITH TIME ZONE syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Support INTERVAL unit TO unit syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Define types DOUBLE PRECISION, INTERVAL, CHARACTER,
-        and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
+       and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Define type FLOAT(p) and rudimentary DECIMAL(p,s), NUMERIC(p,s) (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Define EXTRACT(), POSITION(), SUBSTRING(), and TRIM() (SQL92)(Thomas)
 Define CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (SQL92)(Thomas)
@@ -18691,14 +19711,14 @@ Allow hh:mm:ss time entry for timespan/reltime types(Thomas)
 Add center() routines for lseg, path, polygon(Thomas)
 Add distance() routines for circle-polygon, polygon-polygon(Thomas)
 Check explicitly for points and polygons contained within polygons
-        using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
+       using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
 Add routine to convert circle-box(Thomas)
 Merge conflicting operators for different geometric data types(Thomas)
 Replace distance operator "&lt;===&gt;" with "&lt;-&gt;"(Thomas)
 Replace "above" operator "!^" with "&gt;^" and "below" operator "!|" with "&lt;^"(Thomas)
 Add routines for text trimming on both ends, substring, and string position(Thomas)
 Added conversion routines circle(box) and poly(circle)(Thomas)
-Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce & Vadim)
+Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce &amp; Vadim)
 Allow functions and operators on internally-identical types to succeed(Bruce)
 Speed up backend start-up after profiling analysis(Bruce)
 Inline frequently called functions for performance(Bruce)
@@ -18731,7 +19751,7 @@ new interfaces directory(Marc)
 Replace fopen() calls with calls to fd.c functions(Bruce)
 Make functions static where possible(Bruce)
 enclose unused functions in #ifdef NOT_USED(Bruce)
-Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce & Thomas)
+Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce &amp; Thomas)
 Changes for Digital Unix
 Portability fix for pg_dumpall(Bruce)
 Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
@@ -18739,12 +19759,12 @@ Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
 "built-in" manual page now "pgbuiltin"(Bruce)
 "drop" manual page now "drop_table"(Bruce)
 Add "create_trigger", "drop_trigger" manual pages(Thomas)
-Add constraints regression test(Vadim & Thomas)
+Add constraints regression test(Vadim &amp; Thomas)
 Add comments syntax regression test(Thomas)
 Add PGINDENT and support program(Bruce)
 Massive commit to run PGINDENT on all *.c and *.h files(Bruce)
 Files moved to /src/tools directory(Bruce)
-SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
+SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim &amp; D'Arcy)
 </programlisting>
 </para>
 </sect2>
@@ -18753,10 +19773,10 @@ SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
 <sect1 id="release-6-1-1">
 <title>Release 6.1.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <sect2>
 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.1.1</title>
@@ -18768,11 +19788,11 @@ Refer to the release notes for 6.1 for more details.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 fix for SET with options (Thomas)
 allow pg_dump/pg_dumpall to preserve ownership of all tables/objects(Bruce)
 new psql \connect option allows changing usernames without changing databases
@@ -18790,68 +19810,68 @@ major fix for endian handling of communication to server(Thomas, Tatsuo)
 Fix for Solaris assembler and include files(Yoshihiko Ichikawa)
 allow underscores in usernames(Bruce)
 pg_dumpall now returns proper status, portability fix(Bruce)
-     </programlisting>
-    </para>
-   </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+    </programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </sect2>
+ </sect1>
 
 <sect1 id="release-6-1">
 <title>Release 6.1</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
-  The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
-  6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+ The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
+ 6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
-  the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
-  have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
-  The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
-  relative to the original regression output.
+ Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
+ the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
+ have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
+ The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
+ relative to the original regression output.
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
+ <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
 optimizer which uses <firstterm>genetic</firstterm>
-  algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
-  of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
-  tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
-  regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
-  hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
-  for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
-  intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
-  <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
+ algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
+ of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
+ tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
+ regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
+ hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
+ for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
+ intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
+ <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
-  values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
-  tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
-  new interpretation, which might not be correct!
+ The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
+ values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
+ tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
+ new interpretation, which might not be correct!
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
-  to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
-  mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
+ The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
+ to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
+ mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
 </para>
 
 <para>
-  The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
-  <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
-  regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
-  <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
-  machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
+ The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
+ <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
+ regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
+ <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
+ machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
 </para>
 
 <sect2>
-<title>Migration to version 6.1</title>
+<title>Migration to Version 6.1</title>
 
 <para>
 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.0 database and a
@@ -18863,11 +19883,11 @@ because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 packet length checking in library routines
@@ -18970,10 +19990,10 @@ DG/UX, Ultrix, IRIX, AIX portability fixes
 <sect1 id="release-6-0">
 <title>Release 6.0</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
@@ -18998,11 +20018,11 @@ because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
 </para>
 </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
-    <title>Changes</title>
+  <sect2>
+   <title>Changes</title>
 
-    <para>
-     <programlisting>
+   <para>
+    <programlisting>
 Bug Fixes
 ---------
 ALTER TABLE bug - running postgres process needs to re-read table definition
@@ -19051,7 +20071,7 @@ Allow libpq to distinguish between text value '' and null(Bruce)
 Allow non-postgres users with createdb privs to destroydb's
 Allow restriction on who can create C functions(Bryan)
 Allow restriction on who can do backend COPY(Bryan)
-Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim & Erich)
+Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim &amp; Erich)
 Change debug level 2 to print queries only, changed debug heading layout(Bruce)
 Change default decimal constant representation from float4 to float8(Bruce)
 European date format now set when postmaster is started
@@ -19114,10 +20134,10 @@ Unused/uninitialized variables corrected
 <sect1 id="release-1-09">
 <title>Release 1.09</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <para>
 Sorry, we didn't keep track of changes from 1.02 to 1.09.  Some of
@@ -19129,10 +20149,10 @@ releases.
 <sect1 id="release-1-02">
 <title>Release 1.02</title>
 
-   <note>
-   <title>Release date</title>
-   <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
-   </note>
+  <note>
+  <title>Release date</title>
+  <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
+  </note>
 
 <sect2>
 <title>Migration from version 1.02 to version 1.02.1</title>
@@ -19165,13 +20185,13 @@ Start up a new 1.02.1 postmaster
 <step>
 <para>
 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.02.1 to 1.01 or 1.02
-   databases.  This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
-   your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
-   the end of the file.   This can be done easily through <command>psql</>.  If your
-   1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
-   from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
+  databases.  This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
+  your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
+  the end of the file.   This can be done easily through <command>psql</>.  If your
+  1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
+  from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
 <programlisting>
-        % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
+       % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
 </programlisting>
 
 Those upgrading 1.02 databases will get a warning when executing the
@@ -19194,7 +20214,7 @@ end-of-data marker.  Also, empty strings are now loaded in as '' rather
 than NULL. See the copy manual page for full details.
 
 <programlisting>
-        sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' &lt;in_file &gt;out_file
+       sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' &lt;in_file &gt;out_file
 </programlisting>
 </para>
 <para>